r\P^ Government Publications 0=.i- J SESSIONAL PAPERS t\^^ VOLXJ]VIE 19 1*^1*'^'"' FIRST SESSION OF THE TWELFTH PARLIAMENT OF THE DOMINION OF CANADA r\SESSION 1911-12 ^^'^ VOLUME XLVI. \ Ti9TB0X 2 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1912 See also Nnmerical List, Page 9. ALPHABETICAT. INDEX TO THE SESSIONAL PAPERS OF THE PARLIAMENT OF CANADA FIRST SESSION, TWELFTH PARLIAMENT, lftl2. A Accidents on Railways it '< Adulteration of Food Agriculture : — Dairr and Cold Storage Veterinary Director General, 1910.. .. " " " " 1911.. .. .Annuities— Government Statement of business done year ending starch 31, 1911 Annuities — Government, Number of Lec- turers appointed upon the subject of. Annuitants, and parties having made payments, &c Annuities Branch, Govt., Eeport of a Committee of the Privy Council, re transfer of Anglo-Canadian Chemical Co., corres- pondence between, and Department of Inland E^vneue Appointments made, dissolution of last Parliament, and resignation of Laurier Ministry, 4c Appointments made in Departments of Public Works and Post Office since Oc- tober 7, 1911, Outside and Inside Ser- rice Appointments of Commissioners re Unit- ed States and Canada Boundary Waters Tieaty 22370—1 A 11-4 \«sistance to Provincial Railways and 114(1 Public Works by Federal Government. 120 im> Ashe, Earl, claim for damages hy fire 102 from locomotive on I.C.E 115 !■* Auditor General 1 15 I Aurora, report re proposed erection of a 15a public building at S1.\ 1.5b Australia, Trade arrangements between l^"^, Canada and n {Awarding of contract for building of Hudson's Bay Railway 72a 41 B 44a Baldwin, Eugene, dismissal from Cus- 44j)l toms Service, Quebec 79c Berthier en Haut, purchase and repair of Post Office at 154 67 |Binks, llr., promotion as Supt. of Dead 1 Letter Office 138 Blind River Post Office, Province of On- 139 tario, change of name of 150 Boh an, John W., Customs Officer, Bath, N.B., dismissal of 79o 70 Bonds and Securities registered since I last return, November 29, 1910 49 Boots and Shoes, quantity of, imported into Canada since March 1, 1908 81 70a Boulay, H., report of, against W. Roy, emjployee on I.C.E., in 19W 97 Boundaries of Province of Manitoba, ex- 119 tension of, &c 110 2 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1912 110b 94 119 102 100 100a lOb 129 129a Boundaries of Provinces of Manitoba and Saskatchewan, correspondence with Government re HOa Boundaries of Province of Ontario, ex- tension of, &c Boundaries of the Province of Queb?o, correspondence re extension of, Ac. .. Boundary Waters Treaty between Can- ada and United States, appointment of Commissioners under Bourque, GeoHrey, accident incurred by, in yard of I.C.R.. 1911 Branch Lines Railways:— Tenders for construction line of Rail- way from Estmere to Baddeck, NS. Tenders for construction line of Rail- way from Estmere to Baddeck, N.S. Tenders for construction of line of Railway by I.C.R. between Sunny- brae and Guysborough, N.S Breakwater, re the building of, at Port Richmond, N.S Breakwater, re the building of, at Chas. Forest's Cove, M.S British Canadian Loan and Investment Co., statement of affairs of 131 Brotherhood L'uions of I.C.R., agreement between and the Government since 1898. 69 Burrard Power Co., H. M. The King vs. Case of "^ Cablegrams relating to reduced rates of transmission ^" Canadian-Australian Trade, Return re,.. 71 Canal Statistics 20o Cement purchased for different works by Government, or Montreal Harbour Commission 85 Central Station, City of Quebeo, expro- \ priation of property of Messrs. Tur- j geon and Gunn for 117 j Car Ferry Service between Province of Prince Ldward bland and the Main- land 95. 95o, 95b Census of Canada, Fifth .4 Census, taking of in City of R^gina.. .. 73 Chartered Banks 6 Chief Astronomer 25n Charles Fore-t's Cove, building of break- water at 12Sa Civil Service: — List 30 Appointments and Promotions, Com- missioner's Annual Report 31 Insurance Act, &c 43 Retiring allowances and Superannua- tion. Statement of 41 Coal Dust Anthracite, Ac, quantity im- ported into Montre,Tj in 1911 80 Cold Storage establishments in each city of Canada, showing number of 146 Commissioners, names of, appointed un- der Inquiries Act 155 Commissioners appointed to investigate matters on Transcontinental Railway between Winnipeg and Moncton 65o Commissioners to inquire into Govern- ment Departments, Order in Council re 65 Commission for demarcation of the Meri- dian of 14l5t Degree. West Longitude.. 86 Commission appointed to inquire into matters appertaining to the Farmers' Bank 65b Commission of Conservation, Report of, for year ending March 31, 1911 47 Combines Investigation Act, proceedings under 36a Criminal Statistics 17 Customs Annual Report 11 Customs Tarriff, change in re twine used in heading of Lobster Traps.. .. 98 Dismissals : — From Moosejaw Land Office of John Rutherford 79 Capt. Peter Decoste from Dredge 'Cape Breton' 79a Roder'k Sutherland, caretaker pub- lic building, at Canso, N.S.. .. 79b Mr. Eugene Baldwin from Customs Service at Coaticook, Que 79c Mederic Picotte as Messenger of the House of Commons 79d Wm. A. Hattie from position of Preventive Officer at Mulgrave, N.S 79e R. Leithead, &c., employees of I.C.E. 79/ Jos. Veniot, checker on I.C.R. . .. '9g John Connolly, of New Glasgow, In- spector of Fuel on I.C.R 79)i S. N. Ferguson, Preventive Officer at Oyster Ponds, Guysborough, N.S 79i F. J. Veniot, CoUeotor of Customs at Bathurst, N.B 79; Luke Day, Department of Public Works, North Sydney, N.S 79fc Geo. T. Harbour, Supt. of Deep Water Wharf at Gasp^, Que.. .. 79i D. McDonald, Esq.. M.D., of Bad- deck. C.B 79m Geo. Cavanagh. New Glasgow, N.S. 79n John W. Bohan, Bath, N.B 79o 2 George Y. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1912 D Dismissals — Continued. Hector Hamel, Montreal Custom House 79p Lyman C. Smith, Oshawa, Ont. .. 79^ Michel Campeau, Postal Station, Montreal 79r R. MoAdam, Fishery Officer for An- tigonish Co., N.S,.. 79s Fishery Guardians in Coimty of Guysborough, N.S 79t Edwd. Kelly from position of en- gineer at Reduction Works, Can- so, N.S 79u Darid S. Hendsbee from position of weigher at Reduction Works, Canso, N.S 79r Anson Shelters at St. Armond Sta- tion, County of Missisquoi .. .. 79!f Proposed of John Park, Postmaster at Orangeville, Ont 79j; Jas. McPhee as Customs Officer at West Bay, N.S 79y Allan Kennedy, Telegraph Repairer, Inverness Co., N.S 79z WencesJaus Lebel, of Kamouraska, Customs Department 79aa Thos. Hale, ' Labour Gezette,' Westville, Nova Scotia 79bb Wm. A. Gerrior, Larry's River, N.S., Customs Department .. .. 79cc August Hibert as Postmaster, St. Paschal, Kamouraska Co., Que.. 79dd Luc Lizotte, Postmaster, St. Pa- combe, Kamouraska Co., Que. .. 79ee Capt. Alex. Roberts, Postmaster, Canso, N.S 79// In 1896 of H. St. Amour, Postmas- ter of St. Amour, Co. of Pres- cott 79gg W. H. Harris, Postmaster at White Head, N.S 79hh Jas. McGrath, Postmaster at As- pen 79tt Louis Gerard, Postmaster at Ste. Angela de Merci, Rimouski Co. 79;';' On May 1. 1903, of John Fraser, Postmaster at Stellarton, N.S... '9kk John M. Rodgers, Postmaster at East Ronan Valley, N.S 79n Eugene Guimond, Postmaster at Ste. Angele, Co. of Rimouski.. .. 79mm Charges against Dugald R. Boyle, Fishery Officer at West Arichat, N.S 79nn Charges against Dr. J. R. McLeod, Port Physician, Port Hawkes- bury, N.S 79oo 22370— IJ D Dismissals — Continued. Theophile Morice. Officer over de- livery of Coal, I.C.R., at Riviere du Loup 79pp Charges received by P. O. Dept. re the Postmaster at Glenelg, N.S.. 790O 145 Lobster Traps, Re'urn re temporary change in Tariffs on twine used in.. .. 9? Lumber Duties on. Circulars, Instruc- tions re. addressed to Collectors of Cus- toms. 1911 66 Mc McAulny, Angus A., claim for damages, fire from locomotive in P. E. Island... McCabe. John, and others. Prosecutions under the Fishery Act against 115a <^9 Justice Report 34 Jute Cloth. Traction Engines, &c., re, to any change in duty, &c 14,1 K Keewatin Territory, Separate School Sys- tem in 137 King vs. Burrard Power Co., Return re. 146 I. La Societe Co-operative do La Vallee de Yamaska, Tobacco Growers of, papers referring to 126 Labour Report 36 Lacoste, Sir A., Ouimet, Hon., and Doherty, C. J., Hon., Superannuation of.. ..' 91 Lands sold by C.P.R. during year end- ing Ist Oct.', 1911 68 Lands sold by C.P.R. , year ended Oct. 1, 1911 ('Irrigation Block') 68a Lands sold by C.P.R. in Alberta, year ended Oct. 1, 1911 68b Lavoie, Absolom, of Amqui, accidentally killed on I.C.R. at Metis, Rimouski Co., 1911 nia M Madore. -Alex., Accident sustained by, on I.C.R Magdalen Islands, News sent to, by 'Wireless Telegraph,' &c "Mails, Contracts for carrying of, be- tween Scott Junction and Station, Co. of Beauce. Cancellation of Mails, Contracts for carrying of, be- tween River John Ry. Station and Pos- Office, Cancellation of Mails, Con'racts for carrying of, be- tween Stellarton StaHon and Post Office. Cancellation of _■• Mails, C<^ntracts for conveyance in wMch cancellation was made from Oct., 1911. Feb.. 1912 Mails between England, France and Can- ada. Contracts re carriage of, between Steamship Co.s and Govt, of Canad:i. Mail Bags, amount paid since Oct. 1-5. 1911, for making and repairing ■Mail Routes, rural, established by pre- sent Government Manitoba. Printing and DistribuMon of Voters' Lists of, at last General Elec- tion Manitoba, Extension of boundaries of, and matters re division of Keewatin. Manitoba and Saskatchewan, Correspond- ence with Government re boundarie-. 114 133 1.34 134n 134 b 131c 111 153 143 ia3 110 lIOi 2 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1913 M Marine and Fisheries (Marine) " " (Fislieries) Marriage Act, ' An Act to amend the,' Return re Marriage Act, Return concerning Peti- tions. Memorials, &o., re passing of the ' Ne Temere ' Meat Trusts, Concerning methods and operations of Meridian 141st Degree, West Longitude, Report re demarcation of Messengers of the House of Commons re- lieved from service, &c Militia Council, Report of Militia, Regulations and General Orders promulgated by Metapedia Waterworks Co., Claim of, against I.C.R Miscellaneous Unforseen Expenditure, from Apri 11, 1911. to Nov. 16, 1911 .. Money paid by Dominion Government to Railways in Manitoba, Alberta, &c.. .. Moosejaw, Documents re the appoint- ment of a Post Office Inspector at.. .. Moosejaw, Tenders in connection with public building at Morine, A. B., G. N. Ducharme and R. S. Lake, appointment of, as Commis- sioners re Government Departments.. N National Battlefields Commission, Re. ceipts and Expenditures of Naturalization, Uniformity of, passage of legislation relating to Naval Service, Report of Naval .Service, Order in Council as to extra pay of officers and men Naval Service, allowance in lieu of lodg- ing, provisions, &c Naval Service, regulatirns re distinguish- ing flag and pendants flown by ships of Royal Navy Naval Service, gratuities to widows of seamen killed on duty Naval Service of Canada, Correspondence connected in any way with Naval Service, rates of pay and allow- ances for Bandsmen in Royal Cana- dian Navy Naval Service, Naval Reserve Lands, Transfer of, by Imperial Govt, to Dom- inion Govt Naval Service, pay for Bandsmen in Royal Canadian Navy Naval Service, Transfer of certain Naval Reserve Lands by Imperial Govt. . . . 21 Naval Service, Memorandum of Admiral 22 Kingsmill re Navy Negotiations for Reciprocity Treaty be- 108 tvveeu Canada and United States.. .. Newfoundland, Contracts for conveyance of Mails between Canada and 108a 61 74 35 130 72b 136 62 Ontario, Return re extension of bound- aries of, and division of District of Keewatin Order in Council appointing Commis- sioners to inquire into Depts. of Govt. Order in Council re an ' Act to amend the Marriage Act' Order in Council, pay for Bandsmen in Canadian Navy Ordinances of Yukon Territory in year 1!)11 Ota.va Improvement Commission, Re- ceipts and Expenditures of Ottawa, Respecting work done for iu;- proveraeut and beautifying of Ottawa Improvement Commission, Work done by, for year ending March 31, 1911 Parcel Post Convention between Canada and France, Papers connected with — Paris E.xposition, Statement of expenses incurred for, in 1900 Pelagic Sealing, Treaty re, &c., between Great Britain, United States and Russia Persons appointed to positions with the Government between dissolution and Sept. 21, 1911 Port Dover Harbour, Norfolk Co., On- tario, Relating to improvement of.. 127a. Postmaster General, Report of Powassan, Change of Postmaster at, be- tween Jan. 1, 1906, and Jan. 1, 1912.. Prosecutions under Fishery .iot against John McCabe and others Provident Trust Co., of Montreal, Incor- poration and operation Provincial Railways and Public Works, Assistance to, by Federal Government. Public .\ccounts. Report of Public Printing and Stationery, Report 10^1 of ! Public Works, Report of Dept. of 40/' « [Quantity of .Anthracite, ic. Coal im- 40ff| ported into Montreal in year 1911.. .. Quantity of Boots and Shoes imported 40h into Canada, from March 1, 1908.. .. 6 65 50 76 1 38 40 40a 40b 40c 40d 40i 82 111 110b 65 108 40a 75 51 51a 51b 135 63 84 127b 24 142 S9 118 120 2 32 19 SO 8] George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1912 Q Quarantine Station on Lawlor's Island. Quebec, Province of. Correspondence re extension of boundaries of Quebec Bridge, Report, &c., of the Board of Engineers for the construc- tion of Queen's Hotel Co., Ltd., Correspondeno© and documents in the case R Railways: — Railways and Canals Statistics (Canal) " (Railways) Commissioners Telephone Statistics Express Statistics Papers re that portion of, between Hillsborough and .\lbcvt Co.. N.B... Papers re awarding of contract build- ing Hudson's Bay Ey., &c In Alberta, Manitoba, ic. Money paid by Dominion Government to Transcontinental, Oirrespondence re connecting Montreal with Trascontinental Ey. Station at Quebec, Papers re awarding of contract of.. Transcontinental, Statement showing work done on Eas'ern Division of, to Dec. 31, 1911 Report A. E. Doucet, Dist. Engineer, Sec. B. Trans. Ey. re selection of railway station sites Writings made or given by Board of Nat. Trans. Ey., from appt. of E. W. Leonard Interim Report Commissioners of Nat. Trans. Ry Commission Transcontinental, Report of Transcontinental, Construction of, be- tween Moncton and Winnipeg, Ap- pointment of Commission re Names of all appt. to service of I.C.R., in City of St. John, N.B Provincial and other Public Works, Assistance to, by Federal Govt Reciprocity Treaty between Canada and United States, Negotiations for.. .. S2 Regina, Memorials re taking of Census of R€x versus Sheldon and others, and documents in the case.. .. Richmond Port, N.S., Buildin breakwater at River John Railway Station, re < tract between Post Office and Rocky Mountain Park Act, Orders Council passed concerning R — 1 papers 99 91 101 122 20 20a 206 20c ■20d 20e 72 72a 72b 72c 72d 72e 72/ 72fl 72fe 37 65 107 120 , 82a 73 121 129 134a 7 B Rothesay, N.B., inefficient Postal Service al 121 Royal North West Mounted Police, Ee- port re 28 Royal North West Mounted Police, term of service, pay, 4c.. of. Extract from Minutes of Treasury Board 128 Roval Society of Canada, Statement of afiairs of.. 52 Rural Mail Routes, established by the present Government 113 Rutherford, John, removal from Moose- jaw Land Office 79 St. St. John Ry. Co. to lay rails across tracks of I.C.R 96, 96a St. John and Quebec Ry. Co., Agreement between H. M. The King and Ey. Co.. 125 St. John Valley Ry. Co., Building of, from St. John to Grand Falls, N.B. .. 113 St. Laurent, Xavier. re killing of horse belonging to, on Dalhousie Branch, I.C.R lUb S Salmon, Papers relating to negotiations afieoting the exportation of 148 Sarnia, Proposed Winter Harbour at.. 127 " Erection of an Armoury at.. .. 93 Secretary of State, Report of 29 Separate School System, Petitions pray- ing for such in Keewatin Ter. to Govt. 137 Scott Junction, Cancellation of mail con- tract between Station and 134 Shareholders in Banks, List of 6 Shipping, Foreign, engaged in Coastwise Trade in Cauada 144 Shipping, List of 2!b Smith. Lyman C, Customs Collector at Oshawa, Dismissal of T'Jq Steamboat Inspection, Report re 2.1(i Stella rton Station, Contract service be- tween Post Office and 13lb Sterilizers, showing what Government Buildings are equipped with 112 Stream Measurements, Report of pro- gress of, for calendar year 1910. Strike existing, and in the past on G. T. Ey. west of Winnipeg, relating to.. .. 140 Sutherland. Roderick, disimissal of.. .. 79b Superannuations and Eetiring Allowan- ces, Statement of, re Civil Service.. .. 41 Superannuation of Judges, Sir Alex. La- coste, Hon. J. A. Ouimet, &o., &c.. .. 91 Superintendent of Insurance, Eeport of.. 8 Sunnybrae and Guysborough, construc- tion of certain Branch Lines of I.C.R. between 100b 2 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1912 T Tender of the McDiarmid Co., Ltd., construction of Mooseja-iv buildings.. .. 6 Tender for construction of line of Railway from Estmore to Baddeck, N.S.. 100 Tender for construction of proposed line from Estmere to Baddeck, N.S 100a Tolls on Canals, abolition or regulation of. as per Order in Council 105 Topographical Survey 25b Tracadie Road Post Office, complaints, charges, Ac, relating to 132 Trade and Commerce, 10, 10a, lOb, lOc, lOd, lOe, 10/ Trade Arrangements between Canada and Australia 71 Trade Arrangements with the British West Indies, &c 71a Trade Unions, re, under ' An Act res- pecting' 48 Transfer of certain Naval Reserve Lands by Imperial Govt iOh Treaty re Boundary Waters between Canada and United States US T Treasury Board, E.xtract from Minutes of meeting of Jan. 22, 1912 90 Turgeon, F., and F. Gunn, expropriation of property in City of Quebec 117 U Unclaimed Balances 7 Unpaid Dividends 7 V Veniot, P. J., Collector of Customs, Bathurst, N.B., re dismissal of 79; Veterinary Director General, 1910 . . . . 15b 1911 .... 15c Voters' Lists of Province Manitoba at last elections, printing and distribu- tion 103 W Weights and Measures IS Winnipeg and Hudson Bay Ry. Co., cor- respondence between Govt. &c., and.. 101 West Indies, Trade arrangements with.. 71o Whaling Companies, Lease to, for Whale fishing on coast of B.C 123 Wholesale Prices in Canada, 1911, Re- port Dept. of Labour on 151 See also Alphabetical List, Page 1. LIST OF SESSIONAL PAPERS Arrange^in Numerical Order, with their titles at full length; the doJ.es when Ordered and when Presented to the Houses of Parliament; the Names of the Senator or Member who moved for each Sessional Paiper, and whether it is ordered to he Printed or Not Printed. CONTENTS OF VOLUME A. Fifth Census of Canada, 1911. Areas and population by provinces, districts and sub- dricts. Vol. I. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 1. (This volume is bound in two parts.) 1. Report of the Auditor General for the year ended Slst March, 1911. Volume 1, Parts A to P, and Vol. 2, Parts Q to Y. Presented 10th January, 1912, by Hon. Mr. White. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 2. 2. Public Accounts of Canada, for the fiscal year ending 31st March, 1911. Presented by Hon. Mr. White, November 20, 1911.. ..Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 3. Estimates for fiscal year ended 31st March. 1911. Presented 29th November, 1911, by Hon. Mr. White Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 3a. Estimates for the fiscal year ending 31st March, 1913. Presented 10th January, 1912, by Hon. Mr. White Printed for both distribittion and sessional papers. 3b. Supplementary Estimates for the fiscal year ending 31st March, 1912. Presented 13th March, 1912, by Hon. Mr. White.. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 4. Supplementary Estimates for the fiscal year ending 31st March, 1913. Presented by Hon. Mr. White, 26th March, 1912 Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 5. Further Supplementary Estimates for fiscal year ending 31st March, 1912. Presented by Hon. Mr. White, 26th March, 1912. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 6. List of Shareholders in the Chartered Bants of the Dominion of Canada for year ended 31st December, 1911. Presented by Hon. Mr. White. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 3. / 7. Report on dividends remaining unpaid, unclaimed balances and unpaid drafts and bills of exchange in Chartered Banks of the Dominion of Canada for five years and up- wards prior to 31st December, 1911. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 9 2 Georsre V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1912 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 4. 8. Report of the Superintendent of Insurance for year ended, 1911. Presented by Hon. Mr. White, 20th November, 1911 Printed for dixfributiim and sessional papers. 9. Abstract of Statements of Insurance Companies in Canada for the year ended 1911. Pre- sented by Hon. Mr. White Printed for distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 5. 10. Report of the Department of Trade and Commerce for the fiscal year ended 31st March, 1911. (Part I.— Canadian Trade). Presented by Hon. Mr. Foster, 23rd February, Printed for di.'itribution and sessional papers. 10a. Report of the Department of Trade and Commerce for the year ended 31st March, 1911. (Part II.— Canadian Trade with (1) France, (2) Germany, (3) United Kingdom, and (4) United States). Presented by Hon. Mr. Foster. 10th January, 1912. Printed for distributio.i and sessional papers. 10b. Report of the Department of Trade and Commerce for the fiscal year ended 31st March, 1911. (Part III.— Canadian Trade). Presented by Hon. Mr. Foster, 25th March, 1912 Printed for distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 6. 10c. Report of the Department of Trade and Commerce for the fiscal year ended 31st March, 1911. (Part IV.— Miscellaneous Information). Presented by Hon. Mr. Foster, 7th February, 1912 Printed for distribution and sessional papers. lOd. Report of the Department of Trade and Commerce for the fiscal year ended 31st March, 1911. (Part V.— Grain Statistics, &c.) Presented by Hon. Mr. Foster. Printed for distributijn and sessional papers. lOe. Report of the Department of Trade and Commerce for the fiscal year ended 31st March, 1911. (Part VI.— Subsidized Steamship Services). Presented by Hon. Mr. Foster, 1st April, 1912 Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 10/. Report of Trade and Commerce for fiscal year ended 31st March, 1911. (Part VII.— Trade of Foreign Countries, Treaties and Conventions). Presented by Hon. Mr. Foster Printed for distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 7. 11. Report of tlie Department of Customs for the year ended 31st March, 1911. Presented by Hon. Mr. Roche, 10th January, 1912. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 8. 12. Reports, Returns and Statistics of the Inland Revenue for the Dominion of Canada, for the year ended 31st March, 1911. (Excise, Part I). Presented by Hon. Mr. Nantel, SOth November, 1911 Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 13. Report Department of Inland Revenue. (Part II. — Inspection of Weights and Measures, Gas and Electric Light). Presented by Hon. Mr. Nantel, 30th November, 1911. Printed for distribution and session.al papers. 14. Reports, Returns and Statistics of the Inland Revenues for the Dominion of Canada, for the year ended 31st March. 1911. Part III.— Adulteration of Food. Presented by Hon. Mr. Nantel, 11th January, 1912. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 10 2 Geoi^e Y. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1912 CONTENTS OF VOLUME S— Continued. 15. Keport of the Minister of Agriculture for the Dominion of Canada, for the year ended 31st March, 1911. Presented by Hon. Mr. Burrell, 1st Decemlier, 1911. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 15(1. Report of the Dairy and Cold Storage Commissioner for the fiscal year ending 1911. Presented by H»n. Mr. Burrell Printed Jor distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 9. 15b. Report of the Veterinary Direttor General and Live Stock Commissioner, J. G. Rutherford, for the year ending 1910. Presented by Hon. Mr. Burrell. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 15c. Report of the Veterinary Director General and Live Stock Commissioner for the year ending 31st March, 1911. Presented by Hon. Mr. Burrell, 1st December, 1911. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 10. 16. Report of the Director and Oihcers of the Experimental Farms for year ending 31st March, 1911. Presented by Hon. Mr. Burrell, 1st December, 1911. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 17. Criminal Statistics for the year ended 1910. Presented by Hon. Mr. Doherty. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 11. 18. Return of the Twelfth General Election for the House of Commons, 1911. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 18a. Return of By-Elections (Twelfth Parliament) for the House of Commons, 1911. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 12. 19. Keport of the Minister of Public Works, for the fiscal period ended 31st March, 1911. Presented by Hon. Mr. Monk, 1st December, 1911. Vols. I and II. Printed for distribution and sessional papers CONTENTS OF VOLUME 13. 20. Keport of the Department of Railways and Canals for fiscal year, 1st April, 1910 to 31sc March, 1911. Presented by Hon. Mr. Cochrane, 12th January, 1912. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 20a. Canal Statistics for season of navigation of 1911. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 20b. Railway Statistics of the Dominion of Canada for the year ended 30th June, 1911. Pre- sented by Hon. Mr. Cochrane, 1st February, 1912. Printed for distribution and sessiondl papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 14. 20c. Sixth Report of the Board of Railway Commissioners for Canada, for the year ending 31st March, 1911. Presented by Hon. Mr. Cochrane, 29th March, 1912. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 11 2 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1912 CONTENTS OF VOLUME li—Contimied. 20ii. Telephone Statistics of the Dominion of Canada, for the year ended 30th June, 1911. Presented by Hon Mr. Cochrane, 8th March, 1912. Printed for distributinii and sessional papers. XOe. Express Statistics of the Dominion of Canada for the year ended 30th June. 1911. Presented by Hon. Mr. Cochrane, 8th March, 1912. Printed for distrihiitiort and sessional papers. 21. Report of the Department of Marine and Fisheries, for the year ending 31st December, 1911. (Marine). Presented by Hon. Mr. Hazen, 22nd January, 1912. Printed" for distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 15. 21a. Tenth Report of the Gecgraphic Board of Canada, for year ending 30th June, 1911. Also Appendix Handbook of Indians of Canada. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 21b. List of Shipping issued b.v Department of Marine and Fisheries. Vessels in registry looks of Canada, for year 1911. Presented by Hon. Mr. Hazen. Printed for distribution and sessional paper?. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 16. 22. Reijort of the Department of Marine and Fisheries, 1911. (Fisheries). Presented by Hon. Mr. Hazen, 12th January, 1912. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 23. Supplement to the Forty-fourth Annual Report of the Department of Marine and Fisheries for the year ending 31st December, 1910 — Marine — Report of the Harbour Commissioners for Montreal, Quebec, &c. Presented by Hon. Mr. Hazen, 22nd January, 1912 Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 23a. Report of the Chairman of the Board of Steamboat Inspection for the fiscal year 1911. Presented by Hon. Mr. Hazen, 22nd January, 1912. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 17. 24. Report of the Postmaster General for the year ended 31st March, 1911. Presented hy Hon. Mr. Pelletier, 24th November, 1911. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 25. Report of the Department of the Interior, for the fiscal year ending 31st March, 1911. Presented by Hon. Mr. Rogers, 12th January, 19'2. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 18. (This volume is bound in two parts.) 25a. Report of Chief Astronomer, Department of the Interior, for year ending 31st March, 1910. Vol. II. and IIII. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 25a. Report of Chief Astronomer, Department of the Interior, for year ending 31st March, 1911 Printed for distribvtinn and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 19. 256. Annual Report of the Topographical Surveys F.ranch, Department of the Interior. 1910-11 Printed for distribution and sessional p.per;. 25d. Report of progress of stream measurements for the calendar year 1910. Printed for distribution and sessional pape's. 12 2 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1912 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 19— Continued. 26. Summary Eeport of the Geological Survey Branch, Department of Mines, for calendar year 1911 Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 26a. Summary Report of the Mines Branch Department of Mines, for the calendar year 1910. Presented by Hon. Mr. Nantel, 11th January, 1912. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 20. 27. Eeport of the Department of Indian Affairs for the year ended 31st March, 1911. Pre- sented by Hon. Mr. Rogers, Uth January, 1912. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 28. Report of the Northwest Mounted Police, for year 1911. Presented by Rt. Hon. Mr. Borden, 10th January, 1912 Printed for distribtitioti and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 21. 29. Eeport of the Secretary of State of Canada for year ended 3l3t March, 1911. Pre- sented by Hon. Mr. Roche, 30th November, 1911 Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 29b. Report of the Secretary of State for External Afiairs for the fiscal year ended 3Ut March, 1911. Presented by Hon. Mr. Roche, 11th January, 1912. Printed for distribution and sessional papers 30. Civil Service List of Canada, 1911. Presented by Hon. Mr. Roche, 30th March, 1912. Printed for distribution and sessional papers CONTENTS OF VOLUME 22. 31. Eeport of the Civil Service Commission of Canada for the period from 1st September to 31st August, 1911. Presented by Hon. Mr. Roche, i2tli January, 1912. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 32. Annual Report of the Department of Public Printing and Stationery for the year ended 31st March, 1911. Presented by Hon. Mr. Roche, 6th March, 1912. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 33. Report of the Joint Librarians of Parliament for the year 1911. Presented by Hon. The Speaker, 16th November, 1911 Printed for sessional papers. 33a. Report of the Joint Committee Library of Parliament for year 1911. Presented by Hon. The Speaker, 18th March, 1912 Printed for sessional papers. 34. Report of the Minister of Justice as to Penitentiaries in Canada for fiscal year ended 3l3t March, 1911. Presented by Hon. Mr. Doherty, 10th January, 1912. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 35. Eeport of the Militia Council for the fiscal year ending 31st March, 1911. Presented by Hon. Mr. Hughes, 8th February, 1912. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 23. 36. Report of the Department of Labour for year ending 31st March, 1911. Presented by Hon. Mr. Crothers, 12th January, 1912. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 36a. Fourth Eeport of Proceedings under the Industrial Disputes Investigation Act, 1907. Presented by Hon. Mr. Crothers, 12th January, 1912. Printed for distribution and session6.l papers. 36c. Report of proceedings under the Combines Investigation Act, for the year ended 31st March, 1911. Presented by Hon. Mr. Crothers, 10th January, 1912. Printed for distribution and sessional papers 13 2 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1912 CONTENTS OF VOLITME 23— Continued. 37. Report of the Transcontinental Railway Commission for year ending 31st March, 1911. Presented by Hon. Mr. Cochrane.. ..Presented for distribution and sessional papers. 38. Report of the Department of the Naval Service, foi tlie fiscal year ending 31st March, 1911. Presented 10th January, 1912, by Hon. Mr. Hazen. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 24. 39. Statement of Governor General's Warrants issued since the last Session of Parliament on account of 1911-12. Presented 20th November, 1911, by Hon. Mr. White. iVof printed. 40. Copy of Order in Council, dated 7th August, 1911, re "Kxtra Pay of Officers, and Men serving in the Naval Service of Canada." Copy of Order in Council, dated 10th August, 1911, re "Payment to Ministers of Religion of various denominations for religions ministration to Officers and Men belonging to the Naval Foces of Canada." Copy of Order in Council, dated 18th October, 1911, re "Regulations for the entry of Naval Cadets for the Naval Service." Copy of Order in Council, dated 2oth October. 1911, re "Regulations for Courts Martial." Presented 20th November, 1911, by Hon. Mr. Hazen Not printed. 40a. Copy of Order in Council, dated 7th August, 1911, re "Consolidated Allowance in lieu of Lodging, Provisions, Fuel, Light, &c., for the Naval Service of Canada." Pre- sented 29th November, 1911 by Hon^ Mr. Hazen Not printed. 40b. Copy of Order in Council, No. P.C. 2843, dated 16th December, 1911— "Regulations re Distinguishing Flag and Pendants to be flown by the Ships of the Koyal Canadian Navy." Presented 1st January, 1912, by Hon. Mr. Hazen Not printed. 40c. Copy of Order in Council, dated 27th January, 1912, re Gratuities to Widows of Seamen, killed on duty. Presented 8th February, by Hon. Mr. Hazen.. -Vof printed. 40d. Return to an Address to His Royal Highness the Governor General of the 29th Nov ember, 1911, for a copy of all Correspondence between His Majesty's Government io Canada and His Majesty's Government in England, subsequent to the last Imperial Conference, concerning the Naval Service of Canada, or in any way connected with it. Presented 15th February, 1912.— Mr. Lemieux. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 40e. Copy of Order in Council P.C, 16/168. dated 27th January, 1912, re Daily Rates of Pay and allowances for Bandsmen in the Royal Canadian Navy. — (Senate). Not printed. 40/. Copy of Order in Council No. P.C. 186, 30th January, 1912, re transfer of certain Naval Reserve Lands by the Imperial Government to the Dominion Government and the reservation of the same for Naval and Military purposes.— (5enaic.)..A'ot pri;i(cd. 4O3. Copy of Order in Council P.C, 16/168 dated 27th January, 1912, re Daily Rates of Pay and Allowances for Bandsmen in the Royal Canadian Navy. Presented 27 February. 1912, by Hon. Mr. Hazen ^'ot printed. 4tOh. Copy of Order in Council No. P.C. 196, dated 30th January, 1912. re transfer of certain Naval Reserve Lands by the Imperial Government to tha Dominion Government and the reservation of the same for Naval and Military purposes. Presented 27th Feb ruary, 1912, by Hon. Mr. Hazen ^'ot printed. 40». Return to an Order of the House of the 5th February, 1912, for a copy of the memor- andum of Admiral Kingsmill, dated 9th October, 1911, referred to by the Minister of Marine and Fisheries in answer to a question put to him on the 15th January, 1912. Presented, 11th March. 1912, by Hon. Mr. Hazen Not printed. 14 2 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1912 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 2i— Continued. 41. Statement of Superannuation and Retiring Allowances in the Civil Service during the year ended 31st December, 1911, showing name, rank, salary, service, allowance and cause of retirement of each person superannuated or retired; also, whether vacancy filled by promotion or by new appointment, and salary of any new appointee. Pre- sented 20th November, 1911, by Hon. Sir. White Not printed. 42. Statement of Expenditure on account of "Miscellaneous Unforeseen E.xpenses," from the 1st April, 1911, to the 16th November, 1911, in accordance witn the Appropriation Act of 1911. Presented 20th November, 1911, by Hon. Mr. White i\ot printed. 43. Civil Service Insurance Act. Statement concerning. Presented 20th November, 1912. Not printed. 44. Return, in pursuance of Section 16 of the Government Annuities Act, 1908, containing Statement of the business done during the fiscal year ending 31st March, 1911. Pre- sented 21st November, 1911, by Hon. Mr. Foster Not printed. 44a. Return to an Order of the Senate, dated 8th February, showing:— 1. The number of persons who have been appointed to the position of lecturers upon the subject of Annuities under chapter 5, 7-8 Edward VII, "An Act to authorize the issue of Govern- ment Annuities for Old Age and Amendments thereto." 2. The names of such lecturers, the amount of salary paid to each, of travelling expenses or payments for any other service rendered in connection therewith. 3. The number of clerks and others employed in connection with the organization and putting into force the pro- visions of the Annuities Act ; and the salaries and wages paid to each one so employed. 4. The total expense incurred in the organization of Annuities Branch of the Pub- lic Service, to the end of December, 1911.— (iSenate) Not printed. 44b. Return to an Order of the Senate, dated 6th February, 1912, showing:— 1. The number of annuitants and parties having made payments on account of purchase of same up to the 1st February. 1912. 2. The amount of money paid in to the same date. 3. The number of contracts for annuities entered into in each month from the 1st January, 1911, to the 1st February, 1912. 4. The number of letters received by the officials in charge of the Annuities Branch during same period.' — (The Senate.).. ..Not printed. 45. Report of the proceedings for the preceding year of the Commisioners of Internal Economy of the House of Commons, pursuant to Rule 9. Presented 24th November, 1911, by Hon. The Speaker Not printed. 46. Copies of General Orders promulgated to the Militia for the period between 1st Novem- ber, 1910, and 2nd November, 1911, inclusive. Presented 21th November, 1911, by Hon. Mr. Hughes Not printed. 47. Report of the Commission of Conservation on the Water-Powers of Canada. Presented 28th November, 1911, by Hon. Mr. Burrell Not printed. 48. Return respecting Trade Unions under Chap. 125, R.S.C., 1906. Presented 30th Novem- ber, 1911, by Hon. Mr. Roche Not printed. 49. Detailed statement of all bonds or securities registered in the Department of the Secre- tary of State of Canada, since last return (29th November, 1910), submitted to the Parliament of Conada, under Section 32 of Chap. 19, R.S.C., 1906. Presented 30th November, 1911. — Hon. Mr. Roche Not printed. 50. Statement of Receipts and Expenditures of the National Battlefields Commission to 31st March, 1911. Presented 30th November, 1911.— Hon. Mr. White. Printed for sessional papers. 15 2 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1912 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 2i-Continued. 51. Statements of Receipts and Expenditures of tlie Ottawa Improvement Commission to 31st March, 1911. Presented 30th November, 1911.— Z/oh. Mr. Wliite .Vof printed. 51a. Return respecting work done by Ottawa Improvement Commission for beautifying of Ottawa.— (5ir Wilfrid Laurier.) Presented 22nd February, 1912. Printed Jor distrihiilioii and sessional papers. 51b. Report of the Ottawa Improvement Commission for the fiscal year ending 31st March, 1911. Presented by Hon. Mr. White, 18th March, 1912 Not printed. 52. Statement of the affairs of the Royal Society of Canada, for the year ended 30th April, 1911. Presented 30th November, 1911.— Hon. xl/r. White Not printed. 53. Regulations under "The Destructive Insect and Pest .iet." — (For distribution). Pre- sented 1st December, 1911.— Hon. Mr. Burrell hrinted for distribution and sessional papers. 54. Return of Orders in Council passed regulations and forms prescribed between the 1st October, 1910, and 3Dth September, 1911, in accordance with the provisions of Section 57 of the Irrigation Act, Chapter 61 Revised Statutes of Canada, 1906. Presented 1st December, 1911. — Eon. Mr. Foster Not printed. 55. Return of Orders in Council passed between the 1st of October, 1910, and the 31st July, 1911, in accordance with the provisions of Section 5 of the Dominion Lands Survey Act, Chapter 21, 7-8 Edward VII. Presented 1st December, 1911.— Hon. Mr. Foster. Not printed. 55a. Return of Orders in Council which have been published in the Canada Gazette, between 1st October, 1910, and 31st July, 1911, in accordance with the provisions of Section 77 of the Dominion Lands Act, Chapter 20 of the Statutes of Canada, 1908. Presented 1st December, 1911.— Hon. Mr. Foster Not printed. 55i). Return of Orders in Council which have been published in the Canada Gazette and in the British Columbia Gazette, between 1st October, 1910, and 31st July, 1911, in accordance with provisions of Sub-section (d) of Section 38 of the regulations for the survey, administration, disposal and management of Dominion Lands within the 40- mile Railway Belt in the Province of British Columbia. Presented 1st December, 1911.— Hon. Mr. Foster Not printed. 55c. Supplementary Return of Certain Orders in Council in accordance with the provisions of Section 77 of the Dominion Lands Act, Chapter 20 of the Statutes of Canada, 1908. — {Senate.) Not printed. 55d. Supplementary Return of Orders in Council which have been published in the Canada Gazette, between 1st August, 1911, and 15th November, 1911, in accordance with the provisions of Section 77 of the Dominion Lands Act, Chapter 20 of the Statutes of Canada, 1908. Presented 7th February, 1912 Not printed. 56. Return of Orders in Council passed between the 1st October, 1910, and the 30th Septem- ber, 1911, in accordance with the provisions of the Forest Reserve Act, Section 19, of Chapter 10, 1-2 George V. Presented 1st December, 1911. — Hon. Mr. Foster. Not printed. 56i. Return of Orders in Council passed between the 1st Oceober, 1910, and the 30th Septem- ber, 1911, in accordance with the provisions of the Rocky Mountain Park Act, Section 5 of Chapter 60, Revised Statutes of Canada. Presented 1st December. 1911. — Bon. Mr. Foster Not printed. 16 2 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1912 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 24r-Ccntinued. 57. Eeturn (in so far as the Department of tlie Interior is concerned) of Copies of all Orders in Council, plans, papers, and correspondence which are required to be pre- sented to the House of Commons, under a Resolution passed on 20th February, 1882, since the date of the last return, under such Resolution. Presented 5th December, 1911.— Hon. Mr. Rogers Not printed. 58. Statement of Expenditure as bounty to deep-sea fishermen for the year 1910-11, pur- suant to Chapter 46 of the Revised Statutes of Canada, 1906, intituled: "An Act to encourage the development of the Sea Fisheries and the building of Fishing Vessels." Presented 5th December, 1911.— Hon. Mr. Hazen Xot printed. 59. Communication from the Right Honourable Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal, 6.C.M.G., &c., on the subject of cheaper transmission of press cablegrams, i-c— (Sessional papers). Presented 7th December, 1911.— Hon. Mr. Borden. Printed for sessional papers. 60. Report of the Commissioner, Dominion Police Force, for the year 1911. Presented 10th January, 1912. — Hon. Mr. Doherty \ot printed. 61. Return to an Order of the House of the 27th February, 1911, showing all Statutes, regulations, reports and proceedings in the courts of the United States or in the counts of any of the respective States, and all other documents, papers and informa- tion of every kind touching or concerning the methods and operations of the meit trust and other trusts and combines in the United States, and touching the results both to the producer and to the consumer of such methods and operations, including all departmental proceedings and reports and other proceedings and reports of the Government of the tTnited States or of any department thereof with respect to the matters aforesaid, and in general all available information in respect to the oper- ations of such trusts and combines in the United States. Presented, 10th January, 19l2.~Mr. Meighen Printed for sessional papers. 62. Return to an Order of the-House of the 29th November, 1911, for a copy of all papers, letters, telegrams, and other documents in connection with the acceptance of a tender of the McDiarmid Company, Limited, for the construction of the Moosejaw public building, and the cessation of all construction thereof. Presented 10th January, 1912.— .Ur. Knoules Not printed. 62o. Eeturn to an Order of the Hoiise of the 29th November, 1911, for a copy of all papers, telegrams, reports and other documents in connection with the proposed erection of a public building in the town of .\urora. Presented 10th January, 1912. — Mr. trm- strong (York) ■ ..Not printed. 63. Return to an Order of the House of the 30th December, 1911, for a detailed statement of the expenses incurred and paid for the Exposition at Paris in 1900, under the title of payments of the Coloni.il Committee for space, &c., $87,000 {.See report of the Auditor General, 1899,D— 1.5). Presented 10th January, 1912.— Jf--. Paquet. Not printed. 64. Return to an Order of the House of the 6th December, 1911, showing the expenditure for printing pamphlets, circulars and literature with a view to promoting immigra- tion to Canada during each of the years from and including 1900 to 1911; and the expenditure in the interests of each province for printing pamphlets, circulars and literature entirely devoted to each province during each of the years from and includ- ing the year 1900 to 1911; and also, whether the printing was done by contract or under what arrangement and the rate charged. Presented 10th January, 1912. — Mr. Sutherland .Vot printed. 223 TO— 2 17 2 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1912 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 2i— Continued. 64a. Return to an Address to His Royal Highness the Governor Gener-il of the 30th Novem- ber, 1911, for a copy of all Orders in Council and other papers relating to the appoint- ment of Arthur Hawkes as a special commissioner in the immigration branch of the Interior Department. Presented 10th January, 1912.— Mr. Oliver Not printed. 65. Certified copy of a Report of the Committee of the Privy Council, approved by His Royal Highness the Governor General on the 21st December, 1911, appointing Messieurs Alfred Bishop Morine, Guillaume Narcise Ducharme and Richard Stuart Lake, a Royal Commission to investigate and inquire into the operation of the various departments of the government, with a view to securing increased efficiency and a more thorough organization and co-ordination in the said departments. Presented 10th January, 1912.— Bt. Bon. Mr. Borden Not printed. 65. Certified copy of a Report of the Committee of the Privy Council, approved by His Royal Highness the Governor General on the 29th January, 1912, relative to the appointment of two commissioners, namely: Mr. F. C. Gutelius, C.E., of Montreal, and Mr. George Lynch Staunton, K.C., of Hamilton, to investigate all matters bear- ing on the actual construction of the National Transcontinental Railway between Moncton and Winnipeg. Presented 6th February, 1912.— Hon. Mr. Cochrane. Not printed. 65b. Certified copy of a Report of the Committee of the Privy Council, approved by His Royal Highness the Governor General on the 12th February, 1912, appointing the Hon. Sir William Ralph Meredith, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas Division of the High Court of Justice of Ontario, a commissioner to inquire into all the circum- stances connected with the organization, management, operation and failure of the Farmer's Bank of Canada. Presented 13th February, 1912.— Hon. Mr. White. Not printed. 66. Return to an Order of the House of the 30th November, 1911, for a copy of all papers, telegrams, reports and other documents in connection with the interpretation and enforcement of the duties on lumber, together with a copy of all instructions or other communications addressed by circular or otherwise to Collectors of Customs, and a copy of any minute or minutes or rulings or decisions of the Board of Customs during the year 1911. Presented 10th January, 1912.— Mr. Knowles Not printed. 67. Certified copy of a Report of the Committee of the Privy Council, approved by His Royal Highness the Governor General on the 21st November, 1911, providing for the transfer of the Government Annuities Branch from the Department of Trade and Commerce to the Post Office Department. Presented 10th January, 1912. — Hon. Mr. Pelletier Not printed. 68. Return relating to lands sold by the Canadian Pacific Railway Company during the year which ended the 1st October, 1911. Presented 11th January, 1912.— Hon. Mr. Rogers Not printed. 68a. Return under the provisions of Section 8 of 49 Victoria, Chapter 9, being a list of lands in the "Irrigation Block" of the Canadian Pacific Railway Company in the province of Alberta, sold by that company during the year which ended on the 1st October, 1911. Presented 13th March, 1912 Not printed. 681). Return under the provisions of Section 8 of 49 Victoria. Chapter 9, being a list of lands in the province of Alberta, sold by the Canadian Pacific Railway Company during the year which ended on the 1st October, 1911. Presented 13th March, 1912. Not printed. 18 2 Greorge V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1912 CONTENTS OF VOLTIME 24— Confinwerf. 69. Return to an Order of the House of the 4th December, 1911, for a copy of all agree- ments between the Minister of Railways of Canada and any of the Brotherhood Unions or organizations of the employees of the Interclonial Railway since 1898. Pre- sented 15th January, l9V2.—iIr. Maclean (Halifax) Not printed. 70. Return to an Order of the House of the 29th November, 1911, showing;— 1. What per- sons were appointed to positions in the several departments between the date of the dissolution of the last parliament and the 31st September last. 2. On whose recom- mendation such appointments were made, and the salary attached to each position. 3. What appointments were made in the several departments between the 21st day of September last and the date of the resignation of the Laurier Ministry, on whose recommendation in each case and the salary of each appointee. Presented 15th Jan- uary, 1912. — Mr. Edwards \ot printed. 70a. Return to an Order of the House of the 22nd January, 1912, for a Return showing how many appointments have been made in the Department of Public Works and Post Office since the rth day of October, 1911, in the inside service, and in the outside service respectively. Presented 12th February, 1912. — Mr. Kyte Not printed. 71. Return to an Address to His Royal Highness the Governor General of the 30th Novem- ber, 1911, for a copy of all documents, &c., necessary to bring up to date the state- ment regarding the matters covered by Sessional Paper 109 of the Session of 1910-11 in reference to Canadian-.iustralain Trade. —Jfj'. .4mes. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 171a. Return to an Order of the House of the 10th January, 1912, for a copy of all papers and correspondence relating to the negotiations that have been opened by the govern- ment for improved trade arrangements with the British West Indies and British Guiana. Presented 26th January, 1912.— .Ur. Murphy. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 72. Return to an Address to His Koyal Highness the Governor General of the 29th Novem- ber, 1911, for a copy of all correspondence consisting of letters or telegrams, between the Salisbury and Harvey Railway Company or any officer thereof or any person, and the Minister of Railways or any other member of the government or any other person, and the Minister of Railways and Canals, relating to the re-opening of that portion of the railway of the said company between Hillsborough and Albert, and the supplying of rails and other materials for the piirpose of repairing and improv- ing the same, and also, of any Orders in Council, agreements and other documents relating thereto. Presented 15th January, 1912. — Mr. Pugsley Not printed. 72a. Return to an Address to His Royal Highness the Governor General of the 4th Decem- ber, 1911, for a copy of all papers, correspondence and Orders in Council in connec- tion with the awarding of the contract for the building of the Hudson Bay Railway, and of all orders suspending work on the same. Presented 15th January, 1912. — Mr. Neely Not printed. 72b. Return to an Order of the House of the 29th November, 1911, for a statement showing the amount of money paid by the Dominion Government to each of the railways in the provinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia and in the Northwest Territories by way of subsidies, and adding thereto the value of lands given as subsidies on the basis of one dollar per acre. Presented 15th January, 1912. — Mr. McCraney Not printed. 22370—2* 19 2 Gieorge V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A: 1912 CONTENTS OF VOLUME Z4^Continued. 72c. Return to an Address to His Royal Highness the Governor General 30th November, 1911, for a copy of all Orders in Council, petitions, telegrams, letters, agreements, correspondence and all other documents generally in connection with the proposed branch line or lines of railway to connect Montreal with the National Transcontin- ental Railway. Presented 15th January, 1912. — Mr. Lapointe (Montreal) .Vot printed. TZd. Return to an Address to His Royal Highness the Governor General of the 4th Decem- ber, 1911, for a copy of all papers, correspondence and Orders in Council in connection with the awarding of the contract for the building of the Transcontinental Railway Station at Quebec, and all orders suspending work on the same. Presented 15th January, 1912. — Sir Wilfrid Laurier Not printed. 72c. Statement of work done on the National Transcontinental Railway — Eastern Division — to 31st December, 1911, and estimate of cost of completion. I'resented 16th Feb- ruary, 1912 — Hon. Mr. Cochrane A'o( printed. 72/. Return to an Order of the House of the 5th February, 1912, for a copy of all docu- ments and of all the correspondence exchanged between A. E. Doucet, district engi- neer, on district B of the Transcontinental Railway, and of all other persons, relating to the selection of sites for railway stations in the parishes of St. Damien nnd St.i Cajetan d'Armagh, in the county of Bellechasse. Presented, 18th March, 1912. — Hon. Mr. Cochrane Xot printed. 72.7- Return to an Address to His Royal Highness the Governor Genera! of the 31st Jan- uary, 1912, for a copy of all minutes of proceedings, records, orders, instructions or other writings made and had, or given or authorized to be made, had or given by the Board of National Transcontinental Railway Commissioners, from the date of the appointment of Mr. R. W. Leonard, as a member of the said Board and chairman thereof, to the liresent date; also of all letters, telegrams, instructions or other docu- ments made or had or passed, since the said appointment, by and between the Min- ister of Railways and Canals, or other members of the government, or by any person by authority of the government, and the said Chairman of the Board of National Transcontinental Railway Commissioners, or the Secretary of said Board; also of any Orders in Council relating to the appointment of an asist.int chairman or an assistant to the chairman of said Board, together with a copy of all letters, papers, instructions or documents relating thereto; as well as a statement of all payments of monies in the way of salaries or compensation made to the incumbent of the office of assistant chairman or assistant to the chairman of said Board, and of all papers, letters or instructions made, written or received by the said minister or the said chairman, relating to or in any way connected with the payment or authorization of said salary or compensation. Presented 20th March, 1912. — Eon. Mr. Cochrane. Not printed. 72h. Interim Report of the Commissioners of the Transcontinental Railway, being for the nine months ended 31st December, 1911. Presented 22nd March. 1912, by Hon. Mr. Cochrane Not printed. 73. Eetnrn to an Order of the House of Commons of the 29th November, 1911 (so far as the Department of Agriculture is concerned"!, for a copy of all letters, telegrams, memorials, resolutions and other documents in the hands of the government, or any department thereof, in connection with the taking of the census in the city of Eegina, and all complaints and protests in connection with the same; also, all departmental instructions, memoranda, reports and other documents. Presented 15th January, 1912.— Mr. Knoules Not printed. 20 2 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1912 CONTENTS OF VOLTTME 24— Connded. 6. How many French Canadians hve been dismissed nd by whom have they been replaced. Pre- sented 17th January, 1912. — Hon. ilr. Spea1. Return to an Order of the House of the 31st January, 1912, for a copy of all letters, telegrams, reports and other documents in relation to the mail contract service between Stellarton station and the post office since 1st October, 1911, and as to the cancellation of the contract for said service with the present contractor. Presented 19th March, I912.-Mr. Macdotiald Not printed. 134(-. Return to an Order of the House of the 5th February, 1912, for a return show- ing all the contracts for the conveyance of His Majesty's mails, in which notice of cancellation has been given under the terms of the said contract, between 10th October, 1911, and 1st February, 1912, and also the name and address of each con- tractor and the amount of each contract. Presented 27th March, 1912. — Mr. Lemieux. Not printed. 135. Return to an Address to His Royal Highness the Governor General of the 17th Jan- uary, 1912, for a copy of the Parcel Post Convention between Canada and France, and all papers connected therewith. Presented 19th March, 1912. — Mr. Lemieux. Not printed. 136. Return to an Order of the House of the 22nd January, 1912, for a copy of all letters, telegrams, reports, recommendations applications and other documents, relating to the appointment of a post office inspector at Moosejaw, Saskatchewan. Presented 19th March, 1912.— Mr. Knowles Not printed. 137. Return to an Address to His Royal Highness the Governor General, on the 4th March. 1912, for a copy of all letters, telegrams and petitions, sent to the Government, or any of His Majesty's ministers, praying for the establishment of a separate school system in the Keewatin Territory. Presented 20th March, 1912. — Mr. Lemieux.. .Not printed. 138. Return to an Address to His Eoyal Highness the Governor General of the 28th Feb- ruary, 1912, for a copy of all papers, recommendations to Council, Orders in Coun- cil, or any other papers in connection with or having reference to the promotion of Mr. Binks to be Superintendent of the Dead Letter Office. Presented 28th March, 1912.— Mr. Henderson Not printed. 139. Return dated 12th March, 1912, for a copy of all correspondence between the Anglo- Canadian Chemical Company, and the Department of the Inland Revenue from 1st of January, 1911, to date.— (5enate) Not printed. 140. Return to an Order of the House of the 26th February, 1912, for a copy of all papers on file with the Government and of all letters, telegrams and correspondence between the Labour Department and the Board of Conciliation in relation to the strike now and for some time past existing on the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway west of Win- nipeg. Presented 21st March, 1912.— Mr MacNutt Not printed. 37 2 Gneorge V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1912 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 24r-Continued. 141. Eoturu to an Order of the House of the 5tli February, 1912, for a copy of all rulings or decisions made by the Minister of Customs, or the Tariff Board of the Department of Customs, since the 10th of October last, in reference to the duty payable in respect to Jute cloth, traction engines and partially dressed lumber, respectively ; and like- wise in reference to any other articles imported into Canada concerning which there lias been any change in the rate of duty exacted at any time since the said date, as compared to the rate of duty exacted on such articles respectively immediately prior to said date. Presented 21st March, 1912.— Mr. Turriff .Vo( printer!. 142. Eeturn to an Order of the House of the 5th February, 1912, for a copy of all letters, telegrams, petitions or other papers relating to any change or proposed change of postmasters at Powassan between 1st January, 1906, and 1st January, 1912. Presented 22nd March, 1912.— Mr. Arthurs Not printed. 143. Return to an Order of the House of the 13th March, 1912, for a return showing the rural mail routes established by the present Governmeut ; the number of requests received by the Post Office Department for the establishment of rural mail routes; the number of applications granted; the number not granted, and the reasons there- for. Presented 22nd March, 1912.— Mr. Lemieux Not printed. 144. Return to an Address to His Royal Highness the Governor General of the 12th Feb- ruary, 1912, for a copy of all Orders in Council, petitions and memorials, passed or received by the Government of Canada, respectively, since Ise July, 1908, relating n-haut. Presented 1st April, 1912.— Mr. Bare 36. Abstract of the report of A. L. McXaughton, D.L.S 119 37. Abstract of the report of W. F. O'Hara, D.L.S 121 38. Eeport of T. H. Plunkett, D.L.S 123 39. Abstract of the report of A. W. Ponton, D.L.S 128 -40. Abstract of the report of E. W. Eobinson, D.L.S 130 41. Abstract of the report of E. W. Eobinson, D.L.S 135 -'• ^ 42. Abstract of the report of O. Eolfson, D.L.S 140 43. Eeport of Jos. E. Eoss, D.L.S 141 44. Abstract of the report of A. Saint Cyr, D.L.S 145 45. Abstract of the report of B. J. Saunders, D.L.S 147 46. Abstract of the report of W. A. Scott, D.L.S 149 47. Abstract of the report of H. W. Selby, D.L.S 152 48. Abstract of the report of D. A. Smith, D.L.S 154 49. Abstract of the report of L. D. N. Stewart, D.L.S 156 50. Abstract of the report of P. B. Street, D.L.S 157 51. Abstract of the report of J. N. Wallace, D.L.S 160 ILLUSTR.VTIONS. Plate No. 1. Settlers on road to Athabaska Landing. 2. Tracking on the Athabaska river. 3. The passengers' supper in the cook's scow, Athabaska river. 4. Paying annuities to Indians at McMurray. 5. The tar sands on the banks of the Athabaska river above McMurray. 6. Smith Landing. ' 7. Fort Smith. 8. Observing tent at Fort Smith. TABLE OF CONTEXTS v SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b 9. Priest's farm at Fort Smith. Potatoes in foreground. Barley and oats almost ripe in the distance, July 31, 1910. 10. Mound and post marking the boundary between Alberta and the North- west Territory, on the west side of Slare river. 11. Prairie near Burnt river. 12. Ferrying across Stinking creek. 13. Valley of Pauny river — looking south. 14. Survey cache — Peace river. 15. Prairie country, township 108, range 13, west of the 5th meridian. 16. Clemont Paul's ranch on Boyer river. Survey camp in foreground. 17. Northeast corner township 108, range 18, west of 5th meridian — look- ing east. MAPS AND PROFILES. 1. Map showing subdivision surveys and resurveys made from April 1, 1910, to March 31, 1911. 2. Sketch map and profile of the eighteenth base line across ranges 1 to 12, west of the fourth meridian, to accompany the report of W. Christie, D.L.S. 3. Sketch map and profile of the twentieth base line across ranges 1 to 9, west of the fourth meridian, to accompany the report of W. Christie, D.L.S. i. Sketch map and profile of the nineteenth base line across ranges 1 to 5, west of the fourth meridian, to accompany the report of B. J. Saunders, D.L.S. 5. Sketch map and profile of the twenty-first base line across ranges 1 to 18, west of the fifth meridian, to accompany the report of A. H. Hawkins, D.L.S. 6. Sketch map and profile of the fourth meridian across townships 66 to 95, to accompany the report of J. N. Wallace, D.L.S. 7. Sketch map and profile of the fifteenth base line across ranges 21 to 31, west of the principal meridian, and of the second meridian across townships 56 to 61, to accompany the report of E. W. Robinson, D.L.S. 8. Sketch map and profile of the eighth base line across ranges 1 to 5 east of the principal meridian, of the ninth base line across ranges 1 to 6, west of the principal meridian, and of the princiJDal meridian across townships 29 to 35, to accompany the report of E. W. Robinson, D.L.S. 9. Sketch map of part of the Railway Belt, British Columbia, showing the main topographical features in the district lying between Golden and Albert Canyon on the C.P.R., to accompany the report of M.P. Bridgland, D.L.S. 10. Profile of the third meridian across townships 53 to 60 and of the sixteenth base line between the third and fourth meridians, to accompany the report of A. Saint Gyr, D.L.S., of 1909. 2 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b A. 1912 REPORT OF THE SURVEYOR GENERAL OF DOMINION LANDS 1910-1911 Depabtme^t of the interior. Topographical Surveys Branxh, Ottawa^ September 6, 1911. The Deputy Minister of the Interior, Ottawa. SiR^ — I have the honour to submit the following report of the Topographical Surveys Branch for the year ended March 31, 1911. During 1910 surveys under the Dominion Lands system were continued in the western provinces under the usual organization. Eighty-eight parties in all were employed, seventy-three of these being regular parties engaged for the season and fifteen being parties organized for special surveys and engaged for short periods only. Of the seventy-three regular parties thirty-nine were employed by the day and thirty- four were working under contract. Those working under contract were engaged exclusively on township subdivision surveys, while, of those employed by the day, five were engaged upon the inspection of surveys executed under contract, eight on base lines and initial meridians and twenty-sis on miscellaneous surveys and resurveys. The weather throughout the season was, on the whole, very favourable for survey operations. In the southerly districts there was an unusually light rainfall but sur- veyors in outlying districts to the north report that precipitation was ample and that grasses and wild plants, where found, were growing luxuriantly. The amount of work performed by each party during the season compares well with the work of pre- vious years. The following is a statement of the average number of miles of survey per party for the last four seasons : — 1910 279 miles. 1909 412 " 1908 366 " 1907 361: " The falling off in the mileage for 1910 is accounted for by the fact that during 1907, 1908 and 1909 a large proportion of the surveys were in prairie districts while all the surveys of 1910 were in country more or less wooded. One hundred and eighty-three whole townships and twenty-three fractional town- ships were completely subdivided while a partial subdivision was made of four hundred and nine others. Complete resurveys were made of eight townships and a partial resurvey of one hundred and eighty-nine others. 7 8 DEPARTMEXT OF THE IXTERIOR 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 The survey parties employed during the season were distributed as follows : Parties. In Man. In Sask. In Alta. In B. C. Partly in one Province and imrtly in another. Total. Paid by tlie day 1 1 2 12 1« 21 4 10 10 39 Eng.aged for a short time only 6 15 Total 2 1!) 41 16 10 88 SUR\'EVS OF BLOCK OUTLIXpS. Eight surveyors were employed on the survej's of base lines and initial meridians. These lines are situated in outlying portions of the country out of reach of railway transportation aud surveyors as a rule make arrangements to have supplies taken in over the winter roads and cached at convenient points in the vicinity of their work. One of their great difficulties is thus overcome and they can push forward with their work without fear of the failure of their food supply for men and horses. In all about nine hundred and ninety miles of governing lines were surveyed during the year. Each surveyor prepares a sketch map showing the topographical features of the country for twelve miles on each side of the base or initial meridian and a report as to its natural resources, etc. In this way the Department is furnished with much valuable information that cannot be obtained otherwise. Mr. Wm. Christie, D.L.S., completed the survey of the eighteenth base and estab- lished the twentieth base across ranges one to nine inclusive, west of the fourth meridian. Mr. A. W. Ponton, D.L.S., continued the production of the fifth meridian to tho north of township 112 and established the twenty-eighth base westerly therefrom across ranges one to seventeen inclusive, and the twenty-ninth base across range one. He began this survey in the summer of 1909 but was retarded considerably by wet weather and by the loss of his supplies and instruments through an accident on Peace river. He found considerable areas along the meridian and on the twenty-eighth base Hooded from the heavy rains which were prevalent in that district. The survey of the twenty- eighth base will enable the Department to subdivide the lands in the vicinity of Ver- milion under the Dominion Lands system when the necessity arises. Mr. Ponton reports that the soil there is good and the country well suited for agriculture. ifr. George McMillan, D.L.S., continued the surveys of the sixteenth, seven- teenth and twentieth base lines west of the sixth meridian. He remained in the field during the whole year and is now surveying the base lines and outlines of the block of three and one-half millions of acres conveyed by the province of British Columbia to the Dominion. The base lines already surveyed in this block will allow of the sub- division into townships of the district known as Pouce Coupe prairie. Mr. A. Saint Cyr, D.L.S., surveyed the third meridian from township 60 to the seventeenth base line and established that base westerly across ranges one to twelve. His report shows that there are large areas of valuable timber in that region and exten- sive stretches of good farming land. On the north shore of Sled river in township 63, range ten, there is a settlement of half-breeds who have cleared the lar.d and are grrowing all the ordinary vegetables successfully, as well as hay and oats. Fishing is. however, the great industry at present. Mr. B. J. Saunders, D.L.S., had instructions to survey the nineteenth base line west of the fourth meridian. Owing to the scarcity of supplies, the extreme cold and TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRAXCH & SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b the great difficulties of making trails he was compelled to abandon the work after the line had been established across five ranges only. Mr. J. K. Wallace, D.L.S., beginning where he left off in 1909 produced the fourth meridian as far as the northeast corner of section 13, township 95. 3ilr. WcUace has iiad many years of experience on the survey of initial meridians and base lines in the western provinces bnt he states that the difficulties of his surveys of 1910 were greater than any he had ever before encountered. His report which is published as one of the appendices ot the report of the Topographical Surveys Branch gives an interesting description of the country through which that portion of the fourth meridian passes. A sketch map of the portion of the fourth meridian surveyed by Mr. Wallace in 1909 \i-as published with the report of the Topographical Surveys Branch last year but as no profile was then ready a sketch map and profile for the whole portion of the line sur- veyed by Mr. Wallace in both 1909 and 1910 are published with this report. Mr. A. H. Hawkins, D.L.S., completed the survey of the twenty-first base line west of the fifth meridian. He began at the east boundary of range nineteen and pro- duced the line east as far as the meridian. This base line passes through a fairly level country about sixty per cent of which is fit for agriculture. This percentage can be greatly increased by proper drainage. The soil is good and the surface is covered with a luxuriant growth of grass and i>ea-vine. All that is necessary to open, up this valuable tract of country is railway transportation. Already large gardens are under cultivation at Atekamic and Wabiskaw lakes. Mr. E. W. Kobinson, D.L.S., during the summer of 1910 produced the principal meridian north to lake Winnipeg and established the eighth base east of the principal meridian east to lake Winnipeg and completed the survey of the ninth base iwest of the principal meridian. The country through which these lines run is mostly swamp and muskeg rendering the surveys very difficult but yet the whole distance of over one hundred miles was completed in six months. During the winter Mr. Robinson produced the second meridian from township 50 to the sixteenth base and established the fifteenth base west of the principal meridian easterly from the second meridian to range twenty. From this base it will be possible to subdivide into townships under the Dominion Lands system the lands in the vicinity of The Pas as the surveys are requirerl. He reports that at present there is little land in that vicinity fit for cultvation but thinks that, with proper drainage, it will make first-class wheat land. TOWNSHIP SUBDIVISION SURVEYS. Where contract rates for township subdivision are not applicable parties under daily pay are employed to make the surveys. During 1910 nine parties were engaged upon these surveys. Mr. J. E. Akins, D.L.S., subdivided portions of townships twenty-one, twenty- two and twenty-three, range nine, west of the fifth meridian. The object of the sub- division surveys in these townships was to enable the Department to deal with lands covered by applications for coal leases. Before subdivision lines under the Dominion Lands system could be projected into these townships it was first necessary to produce the sixth base line across ranges seven, eight and part of nine from the Elbow to the Kananaskis valley. This was also done by Mr. Akins. The country is very rough and survey operations are carried on under great difficulties. An idea of the accuracy which is obtainable nnder the present system of making surveys may be gathered from the following statement by Mr. Akins: — " We at length succeeded in getting both the line and triangulation over into the Kananaskis valley and here we checked out work by measuring the side of a tri- 10 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 angle which had already been calculated and we found that the two checked to about a link." Messrs. W. A. Scott, D.L.S., and J. L. Lang, D.L.S., carried on subdivision sur- veys in the foot-hills of the Rocky mountains in the vicinity of Livingstone, Oldman and Southfork rivers. Both parties were greatly handicapped by smoke and tiro and were obliged to spend considerable time in assisting the Dominion Fire Rangers in fighting the fires. Mr. Scott during the last part of the season was employed on miscellaneous retracement and traverse surveys in southern Saskatchewan. Messrs. J. Francis, D.L.S., J. B. McFarlane, D.L.S., O. Rolfson, D.L.S., and A. L. McNaughton, D.L.S., subdivided townships along the Sackatchewan, Brazeau and Pembina rivers in which coal claims are located. The country is very rough and covered with fallen timber which renders survey operations slow. Mr. A. L. Gumming, IXL.S., was engaged in projecting township subdivision westerly along the line of the Grand Trunk Pacific railway from range twenty-five to the sixth meridian. Mr. W. A. Ducker, D.L.S., made the necessary surveys of township outlines to define the limits of Porcupine Forest reserve west of the north end of lake Winni- pegosis. CORRECTION, RESTORATION AND MISCELLANEOUS SURVEYS. Traversing lakes and rivers, correcting errors in previous surveys, retracing erroneous lines and restoring obliterated monuments are some of the miscellaneous surveys which are done by parties under daily pay. Mr. C. F. Aylsworth, D.L.S., was occupied on resurveys in southeastern Saskat- chewan and retracement surveys in Manitoba. Mr. W. F. O'Hara, D.L.S., resurveyed a number of townships along the inter- national boundary in Alberta. He also subdivided the R.N.W.M.P. reserve at Pin- cher Greek and made a survey of villa lots at Waterton lakes iu townships 1, ranges twenty-nine and thirty, west of the fourth meridian. Mr. P. A. Carson, D.L.S., was employed on small miscellaneous surveys in southern Saskatchewan and Alberta. His work included the correction of errors in the original subdivision, the renstablishment of lost corners, the traverse of water areas and investigation of dried up lakes and resurveys applied for. In all he com- pleted about fifty separate jobs during the season. After the close of his operations in the mountains of British Columbia, Mr. M. P. Bridgland ,D.L.S., was employed on miscellaneous surveys in Alberta and Saskat- chewan, similar to those performed by Mr. Carson. Messrs. Carl Engler, D.L.Si., E. L. Burgess, D.L.S., and F. H. Kitto, D.L.S., all permanent members of the office staff were sent to the field for short periods to make special surveys for the Department. Mr. Engler determined by latitude observations the position of tlie northern boundary of Alberta and made a survey of Smith Landing settlement. Mr. H. W. Selby, D.L.S., made a settlement survey at McMurray and Athabaska Landing and an adjustment of settlers' claims at these places. On his return trip from McMurray Mr. Selby was accidentally drowned in the Athabaska river. He had been connected with Departmental surveys more or less since 1883 and continuously since 1902. He was a devoted public servant and was selected for the difficult task of adjusting claims in these settlements on account of his tact, fidelity and excellent judgment. Mr. Wm. Ogilvie, D.L.S., surveyed a water-power site for the city of Prince Albert, at Cole falls on Saskatchewan river. Mr. W. Thibaudeau, G.E., was employed on a reconnaissance of Winnipeg and English rivers to determine the most suitable locations for storage reservoirs for water-power development. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRAXCB 11 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b Other surveyors employed for short periods only ou miscellaneoiis su^^■eys such as small traverses, timber berths, etc., were Messrs. G. B. Bemister, D.L.S., H. P. Keith, D.L.S., H. G. Phillips, D.L.S., W. E. Keilly, D.L.S., J. E. Woods, D.L.S,., and H. B. Proudfoot, D.L.S, BRITISH COLUilBIA SURVEYS. Eight parties continued the suddivision of Dominion lands in the railway belt, British Columbia. They were in charge of Messrs. J. E. Ross. D.L.S., G.H. Blanchet, D.L.S,., D. A. Smith, D.L.S., P. B. Street, D.L.S., W. J. Deans, D.L.S., A. Lighthall, D.L.S., T. H. Plunkett, D.L.S., and L. D. X. Stewart, D.L.S. Mr. A. W. Johnson, D.L.S., continued a survey of villa lots at Woodhaven on the North Arm of Burrard Inlet. Messrs. A. J. Campbell, D.L.S., and R. D. McCaw, D.L.S., continued the examina- tion and classification of the vacant lands in the valleys of the railway belt, British Columbia. Mr. Campbell worked in the New Westminster district and had under his direction a sub-party in charge of Mr. G. A. Bennett, D.L.S. Mr. McCaw worked in the Kamloops district and had a sub-party m charge of Mr. A. V. Chase, D.L.S., By the classification the lands are divided into fruit lands, farming lands, grazing lands, timber lands and worthless lands. Mr. M. P. Bridgland, D.L.S., continued the triangulation survey through the Selkirk mountains which had been begun by Mr. P. A. Carson, D.LiS., in 1908 and 1909. Mr. E. Bartlett, D.L.S., made an investigation of squatters' claims in the railway belt, British Columbia, in the vicinity of Golden in the Upper Columbia valley. Messrs. J. H. Brownlee, D.L.S., P. C. Coates, D.L.S., J. A. Kirk, D.L.S., and G. L. Williams, D.L.S., were employed for short periods on the survey of timber berths. IXSPECTIOX SURVEYS. The same five parties as in previous years were engaged the greater part of the season on the inspection of surveys made under contract. Mr. E. W. Hubbell, D.L.S., was again working in the Prince Albert district. La addition to the inspection of the surveys performed under contract in that district he resurveyed two townships near Prince Albert. During the season he travelled with his outfit over 1.700 miles by rail and over 1,000 miles by trail, not including the number of miles travelled daily to and from work. Mr. P. R. A. Belanger. D.L.S., carried on inspection in eastern Manitoba. I'or a considerable part of the time he was engaged on small miscellaneous surveys in Mani- toba and Alberta, which he completed to the number of forty-five. He also made a survey of Bender settlement in township 19, range one, west of the principal meridian. Mr. C. F. Miles. D.L.S., inspected the contract surveys in the district north- west of Battleford. He also made a restoration survey of two townships north of Maple Creek and a resurvey of three townships near Prince Albert. Mr. G. J. Lonergan, D.L.S., in addition to inspection made miscellaneous resurveys and traverses in ten townships as well as a resurvey of lots 1 to 6 Lac la Biche settlement. Mr. L. E. Fontaine, D.L.S., inspected contract surveys west of Edmonton and performed a small number of miscellaneous surveys in that district. 12 DEPARTMENT OF TBE INTERIOR 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 STATEMENT OF MILEAGE SURVEYED. The following is a comparison of the mileage surveyed every year since 1908. Nature ok Sdbvev. Township outlines Section lines Traverse Resurvey Total for season Number of parties Average miles per party April 1, 1908 to March 31, 1900. Miles. 2,019 1.H.9K5 3,323 2,173 .\pril 1, liWit to March 31, 1910. 24,502 67 366 Miles. 2,089 10,326 2,413 3,876 24,704 60 412 April 1, 11110 to March 31, 1911. Miles. 2,37ti 11,849 2,758 906 17,889 04 279 The following tables show the mileage surveyed by the parties under daily pay and by the parties under contract. WORK OF PARTIES UNDER DAILY PAY. Nature oi- Subvkv. Township outlines Section lines Traverse Resurvey Total (or season Number of parties Average miles per party April 1, 1908, to March 31, 1909. Miles. 512 1,004 1,158 2,175 4,849 36 135 Aprill, 1909, to March 31, 1910. Jliles. 861 1,066 1,324 3.808 7,0.59 34 208 April 1, 1910, to March 31, 1911. Miles. 1,178 1,487 462 835 3,962 30 13-2 WORK OF PARTIES UNDER CONTRACT. Nature of Survey. April 1, 1908, to March 31, 1909. Township outlines. ■Section lines Traverse Resurvey Total for season Number of parties Average miles per party . Miles. 1,507 ir>,981 2,165 April 1, 1909, to March 31, 1910. 19,053 31 634 Miles. 1,228 15,260 1,089 08 April 1, 1910, to March 31, 1911. Miles. 1,198 10,362 2,296 71 17,645 26 679 l.'?,927 34 410 XoTE: — Owing to the nature of their work the parties under Messrs. E. Bartlett, P. E. A. Belanger, G. B. Bemister, E. L. Burgess, J. H. Brownlee, A. J. Campbell, P. C. Coates, C. Engler, L. E. Fontaine, E. W. Hubbell, A. W. Johnson, H. P. Keith, J. A. Kirk, F. H. Kitto, G. J. Lonergan, C. P. Miles, K. D. McCaw, W. Ogilvie, H. G. Phillips, H. B. Proudfoot, W. R. Reilly, H. W. Selby, W. Thibaudeau and G. L. Williams are not included in the statement of mileage for the vear ended March 31, 1911. TOPOGRAPHICAL SCRTEYS BRAyCH SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b COST OF SURVEYS. 13 The following statement shows the average cost per mile of surveys executed by surveyors under daily pay and by surveyors under contract : Total mileage surveyed Total cost Average cost per mile. Surveyed under Survej'ed under daily pay. contract. 3,962 S3S8,600 .?>»8.08 13,927 .5376,477 S27.03 The high average cost per mile of $27.03 for contract surveys as compared with $17.97 for 1909 is due to the fact that all the townships subdivided during 1910 were wooded while of those subdivided in 1909, 169 were open prairie; the relative rates per mile for surveys in open prairie and in solid bush are as $7.50 to $31. The average cost per mile for surveys performed under day paj- increased from $49.33 in 1909 to $98.44 in 1910. The average per mile for block outline surveys was $175 as compared with $167 in 1909. When the party under Mr. B. J. Saunders, D.L.S., is omitted from the calculation the average cost per mile for block outline surveys is found to be about ten dollars per mile lower iu 1910 than in 1909. Mr. Saunders was compelled to abandon the survey of the nineteenth base line west of the fourth meridian when only a few miles had been run, but after all the initial <»xpenses of organization, travel, &e., had been incurred. Other factors to increase the average cost of the surveys in 1910 were the larger number of parties working in the foot-hills in Alberta and in the railway belt in British Columbia and the smaller number engaged upon miscellaneous surveys, resurveys and restoration surveys in other parts of Alberta and in Saskatchewan and Manitoba. Owing to the nature of the country surveys in the foot-hills and in British Columbia are much more difficult than in the level and settled di-striets, and consequently slower and much more expen- sive. The average cost,i)er mile of surveys in the foot-hills in Alberta during 1910 was $79. and in British Columbia $85, while the cost in Saskatchewan and Manitoba imd other parts of Alberta was $33 per mile. DESCRIPTIONS OF TOWNSHIPS. Descriptions of the townships subdivided during the year have been compiled from the surve.vors' reports and will be published in a separate volume. The subdivision surveys performed prior to March 31, 1910, those made between that date and March 31, 1911, and the resur^-eys executed during the same period are shown in colours upon the map which accompanies this report. M.\NUAL OF SURVEY. The seventh edition of the Manual of Survey which at the time of the issue of last year's report was in the hands of the printers has since been published and ert, Ottawa, Ont. Goodman. Hyman Meyer, Toronto, Ont. Surette, Germain Augustin, West Pubnico, Gordon, Heber, Leduc, Alta. • N.S. Gorman, Edwin, Buckingham, P.Q. Vickers, Newell, Renwick, Ont. Haggen. Geoffrey Loosmore, Revelstoke, B.C. Vou Edeskuty, Joseph Otto, Calgary, Alta. Hotchkiss, Cyrus Percival, Edmonton, Alta. Wadlin, Lorenzo Norette, Ottawa, Ont. Huether, Alvin, D., Wiarton, Ont. Warrington, George Albert, Cornwall, Ont. Jarvis, Ralph Hemsworth, Toronto, Ont. White, Donald Alexander, Ottawa, Ont. Johnson, Hubert Colpoys, Ottawa, Ont. Wight, Edmimd James, Ottawa, Ont. King, Arthur Harry, Edmonton, Alta. Workman, Thomas Oswald, Ottawa, Ont. Kingston, Kenneth J., Otta»'a. (.mt. Wright, James Goldwin. Valleyfield, P.Q. LaBeree, Edwin E., Ottawa, Ont. Zinkan, William Edward, Southampton, Ont. Thirty-eight candidates were successful at the final examination as follows : FIKAL EXAMINATION. Bartlett, Ernest, Smithville, Ont. Lee, Roger Melville, Gait, Ont. Bennett, George Arthur Eden Ont. Martindale, Ernest Smith, Kingsmill, Ont. Bush, Clayton E., Toronto, Ont. Martyn, Oscar William, Mitchell, Ont. Chartrand Donat Emile, Ottawa, Ont. Menzies, James Mellon, Ottawa, Ont. Chase, Albert Victor, Orillia, Ont. Miller, Henry Belfrage, Montreal, P.Q. Cowper, George Constable, Wetland, Ont. Murray, Ernest William, Seaforth, Ont. Dawson, Frederick, James, Ashcroft, B.C. McElhanjiev, William George, Vancouver, Day, Harry Samuel, St. John, N.H. B.C. Dennis, William Melbern, Ottawa, Ont. McMaster, William A. A., Palmerston, Ont. Dillabough, James Vidal, St. Boniface, Man. Pearce, Seabury Kains, Calgary, Alta. Eagleson, Francis Merwin, Gome, Ont. Pequeguat, Marcel, Berlin, Ont. Evans, Stanley Livingstone, Athens, Ont. Powell, William Hall, Little Harbor, N.S. Glover, Arthur Edward, Beaverton, Ont. Rainboth, George Louis, Ottawa, Ont. Grassie, Charles Andrew, Welland Ont. Ransom. John Thomas, Toronto, Ont. Gray, James Edward, Uxbridge, Ont. Roy, Joseph Emile, Quebec, P.Q. Heuperman, Frederick Justinus, Calgary, Seibert, Frederick V., Southampton, Ont. Alta. Taylor, William Emerson, Owen Sound, Ont. Hoar, Charles Millard, Ottawa, Ont. Walker, Claude Melville, Guelph, Ont. Johnston. William James, St. Catharines, Ont. White, Walter Russel, Ottawa, Ont. Keith, Homer Pasha, Edmonton, Alta. Wilson, Reginald Palisser, Winnipeg, Man. One candidate, Wilmot Maxwell Tobey, Ottawa, passed the examination for Dominion Topographical Surveyor. 24 DEPARTMEXT OF THE INTERIOR 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 As in former years, the time of the Board at both meetings was largely taken up with the reading and valuation of the candidates' answers, and in the preparation of sets of question papers for the next examination. In addition to this the evidence submitted by candidates at the linal examination, in proof of their eligibility therefor, had to be examined. This evidence consisted of certificates of Provincial Land Surveyors, and of affidavits of service under articles of apprenticeship. Section 22 of the Dominion Lands Surveys Act provides for a shortening of the term of service from three years to one year for men holding diplomas or certificates from technical colleges ; and it is provided that " it shall rest with the Board to decide whether tlie course of instruction in such college or uuiversity meets the requirements of this section." Applications for admission to the privileges of section -2-2 are being constantly received. Several such from graduates of Canadian, British, and foreign universities and colleges were considered by the Board, and decisions reached in regard to graduates of these institutions which will guide the Board in dealing with similar applications in future. Oaths of office and allegiance, aud bonds for the sum of one thousand dollars each, as required by section 23 of the Act, were received from, and commissions as Dominion Land Surveyors issued to, thirty-six surveyors. Every Dominion Land Surveyor is required to be in possession of a subsidiary standard of length (D. L. S. Act Sec. 35). Thirty-eight new standards were issued to surveyors, two. which had changed hands, were re-tested, and fifty-four were sent to the Surveyor General of British Columbia for the use of British Columbia sur- veyors. A list of surveyors who have been furnished with standard measures up to March .31, 1911, will be found in Appendix Xo. 10. The correspondence of the Board was as follows : Letters received 1,705 Letters sent 950 Circular letters, pamphlets and parcels sent 1,512 APPENDICES. The following schedules and statements are appended : No. 1. Schedule of surveyors employed and work executed by them from April ', 1910, to March 31, 1911. Xo. 2. Schedule showing for each surveyor employed from April 1, 1910, to Marcn 31, 1911, the number of miles surveyed of township section lines, township outlines, traverses of lakes and rivers and resurvey ; also the cost of the same. No. 3. List of lots in the Yukon Territory surveys of which have been received from April 1, 1910, to March 31, 1911. No. i. List of miscellaneous surveys in the Yukon Territory returns of which have been received from April 1. 1910, to March 31, 1911. No. 5. Statement of work executed in the office of the chief draughtsman. No. 6. List of new editions of sectional maps issued from April 1, 1910, tc March 31, 1911. No. 7. Statement of work executed in the photographic office from April 1, 1910, to March 31, 1911. No. 8. Statement of work executed in the lithographic office from April 1, 1910. to March 31, 1911. No. 9. List of employees of the Topographical Surveys Branch at Ottawa giving the name, classification, duties of office and salary of each. No. 10. List of Dominion Land Surveyors who have been supplied with standard measures. Nos. 11 to ."1. Reports of surveyors employed. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 25 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b ilAPS AND PROFILES. The following maps and profiles accompany this report: Map showing subdivision surveys and resurveys made from April 1, 1910, to March 31, 1911. Maps to accompany reports of surveyors. Profiles of certain base lines. I have the honour to be. Sir, Tour obedient sen'ant, E. DEVILLE, Surveyor General. 26 DEPARTMENT OF THE lyTEBIOR 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH SCHEDULES AND STATEMENTS APPENDIX No. 1. Schedule of Surveyors employed aud work executed by them, from April 1, 1910, to March 31, 1911. Surveyor. Address. Description of Work. Akins, J. E Ottawa, Ont Production of the sixth base line across ranges 7, 8 and part of 9; part subdivision of town- ship 24, range 6 and townships 21 and 22, range 9; part resurvey of township 23, range 9 and township 24, range 6, west of the fifth meridian. Aylsworth, 0. F., ...Madoc, Ont Ketracement survey in township 13, range 6, townships 13 and 14, range 7 and township 13, range 8, east of the principal meridian; township 20, range 21 and township 29 range 32 west of the principal meridian; townships 30, ranges 1 and 2, townships 27 and 28, range 5 and toivnship 2, range 12 west of the second meridian. Traverse in township 30, range 1, west of the second meridian, and subdivision survey and resurvey in townships 30 and 31, range 31, west of the principal meridian. Baker, J. C Kingston, Ont.. .... Contract No. 13 of 1910. Subdivision of town- ships 57, 58, 59 and 60 ranges 26 and 27. west of the third meridian. Bartlett, E Smithville, Ont Investigation of squa'tters' claims in the rail- way belt of British Columbia in the upper Columbia Valley in the vicinity of Golden. Belanger, P. K. A.. ..Ottawa. Ont Inspection of part of contract No. 19 of 1909; reinspection of contract No. 33 of 1907, and inspection of mounding in contract No. 6 of 1909. Miscellaneous surveys in townsliips 22, 23 and 24, range 3, townships 22 and 23, range 4, townships 16, ranges 7 and 12 township 1, range 13, east of the principal meridian ; townships 15 and 19, range 1, townships 15 and 24, range 2, townships 18 and 19, range 3, township 21, range 4, townships 14 and 22, range 6, township 21, range 7, township 22, range 8, township 30, range 9, townships 15 and 18, range 10, townships 9 and 18, range 11, township 30, range 15, township 32, range 18 and township 34, range 20, west of the principal meridian; townships 31 and 32, range 15, townships 44, 45 and 46, range 16, townships 45 and 46, range 17, township 37, range 19, township 38, range 21 and township 36, range 23 west of the fourth meridian; township 60, range 4, townships 58 and 60, range 5 and township 58, range 6 west of the fifth meridian. Survey of Bender settlement in township 19, range 1, west of the principal meridian. TOPOGRAPHICAL SLRVETS BRAXCH 27 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b APPENDIX No. 1— Continued. Schedule of Surveyors employed and work executed by them, from April 1, 1910, to March 31, 1911 — Gcntinued. Surveyor. Address. Description of Work. Bemister, G. B Winnipeg, Man Surrey of blocks 1, 2 and 3 of timber berth Xo. 1713 in township 50, range 32, west of the principal meridian, and townships 48, 49 and 50, range 1 and townships 48 and 49, range 2, west of the second meridian. Blanchet, G. H Ottawa, Ont Survey in townships 20 and 21, range 29, west of the fifth meridian; townships 21 and 23 range 1, township 23, range 2, township 21, range 6, townships 20, 22 and 23, range 8, township 23, range 9, and townships 21 and 22, range 11, west of the sixth meridian. Traverse in townships 20 and 21, range 29, west of the fifth meridian; township 21, range 1, township 23, range 2, township 21. range 6, and township 23, range 8, west of the sixth meridian. Eiesurvey in townships 20 and 21, range 29, west of the fifth meridian ; township 21, range 1, township 23, range 2, township 21, range 6, township 23, range 8 and township 22, range 11, west of the sixth meridian. firidfela^t", M. P Calgary, Alta Subdivision of part of the northeast quarter of section 18, township 24, range 1 west of the fifth meridian. Miscellaneous surveys in townships 7 and 8, range 31 and township 13, range 32, west of the principal meridian; townships 5 and 7, range 19, township 5, range 20, township 9, range 23 and township 15, range 26, west of the second meridian; township 12, range 12 and township IS, range 14, west of the third meridian; township 10, range It, townships 10 and 11, range 19, township 10, range 20, townships 9, ranges 22 and 23 and township 21, range 27 west of the fourth meridian; townships 24 and 31, range 1 and township 24, range 2, west of the fifth meridian. Sur- vey of burial plot for E.N.W.M. Police in township 7, range 29, west of the third me- ridian. Triangulation surveys in the railway belt or B.C. Brownlee, J. H Vancouver, B.C Survey of timber berth No. 529 in township 4, range 28, west of the sixth meridian, and block A in the south half of section 2, town- ship 5, range 5, west of the seventh meri- dian. Burgess, E. L Ottawa, Ont Eesurvey and levelling in township 55, range 22, west of the fourth meridian. Campbell, A. J Calgary, Alta Examination of land in the New Westminster district for the purpose of classificatioc into fruit land, farming land, grazing land, timber land and worthless land. Carson, P. A Ottawa, Ont Miscellaneous resurveys in townships 21 ranges 3 and 4, township 22, range 6, town- ships 23, ranges 7 and 11, township 27, range 14, township 31, range 16, township 34, range 18, township 45, range 22 and township 46, 28 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR APPENDIX No. l—Continued. 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 ScuEULLE of Surveyors employed and work executed by them, from April 1, 1910, to March 31, 1911 — Contimied. Surveyor. Address. Description of Work. range 23 west of the second meridian ; town- ships 43 and 43A, range 2, townships 34 and 43, range 3, township 39, range 4, townships 33 and 49, range 5. township 47, range 16, townships 39 and 40, range 22, townships 37, ranges 23 and 24, townships 37 and 47, range 25, and township 48, range 27, west of the third meridian. Investigation in township 43, rang^ 2, township 33. range 3, township 38, range 4. townships 33 and 5«, range 5, and townships 37, ranges 25 and 26, west of the third meridian. Traverse in township 21, range 4, township 34, range 18, townships .37, 38 and 42, range 21, townships 38 and 39. range 22, and township 38, range 23, west of the second meridian; townships 34 and 36, range 2, township 34, range 3, township 33, ! ange 6. township 39, range 14, township 43, range 16 and township 40, range 26, west of the third meridian. Besurvey of "lot 1, group 267" in K^ed Pheasant Indian reserve in township 41, range 15, west of the third meridi.an. Cautlev R. H Edmonton, Alta Contract No. .30 of 1910. Subdivision of town- ships 55 and 56, range 17, townships 55, rang- es 18, 19 and 20, and the north third of town- ships 54, ranges 17, 18, 19 and 20, west of the tifth meridian. Chilver C \ Walkerville, Ont Contract No. 17 of 1910. Subdivision of town- ship 69 range 15, townships 68 and 69, ranges 16 and 17, and township 67, range 18, west of the fourtli meridian. Christie W Prince Albert, Sask.. Srrvey of the eighteenth base line across ' ranges 1 to 12 and the twemtieth base line across ranges 1 to 9 west of 'the fourth mer- idian. Coates P C . . .Whaletowu, B. C Suvvev of timber berth No. 356 in townships ' ■ ' ■ 23 and 24, range 1, west of the sixth meri- dian. Cote J L .. ..Edmonton, Alta Contract No. 19 of 1910. Subdivision of town- ' ■ ships 68 and 69, ranges 21, 22 and 23, west of the fourth meridian. Gumming, A. L Cornwall, Out Survey of township 52, range 26, and part sur- vey of townships 49, 50 and 51, range 25 and township 51, range 26, west of the fifth meri- dian. Traverse in township 50, range 26, townships 49 and 50, raaige 27, townships 47, 48 and 49 range 28, west of the fifth meridian, and lownship 47, range 1, west of the sixth meridian. Davies, T. A Edmonton, Alta Contract No. 24 of 1910. Subdivision of town- ships 61. 62 and 63. ranges 21 and 22, west of the fourth meridian. TOPOGRAPHICAL SVRTETS BRASCH 29 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b APPENDIX No. 1— Continued. SciiEDLLE of Surveyors employed and work executed by them, from April 1, 1910, to March 31, 1911 — Continmed. Surveyor. Address. Description of Work. Deans, W. J Brandon, Man Sudivision in townships 25 and 26, ranges 20 and 21, west of the fifth meridian; townships 23 and 24, ranges 7 and 8, and township 22, range 10, west of the sixth meridian. Traverse in townships 25 and 26, range 21, west of the fifth meridian; township 24, range 7, townsiiips 23 and 24, range 8 and township 22, range 10, west of the sixth meridian. Kesurvey in townships 25 and 26, range 21, west of the fifth meridian ; townships 21 and 22, range 10, west of the sixth meridian. Dumais. P. T. C Hull, Que. Ducker, W. A... ..Winnipeg, Man. . Contract Ko. 20 of 1910. Subdivision of town- ships 64, 65 and 66, range 16 and townships 65 and 66, range 17, west of the fourth meri- dian. Survey of timber berth Ko. 1243 in townships 45 and 46, range 7, west of the fifth meridian. . Surrey of the east outlines of township 40, range 28, townships 38, 39 and 40 range 29, and townships 39 and 40, range 30, and the south outlines of townships 39, ranges 30, 31 and 32, west of the principal meridian. Engler, C Ottawa, Ont Survey of the north- boundary of Alberta ;icross Slave river ; survey of Smith Landing settlement on Slave river. Fairehild, C. C Brantford. Ont Contract No. 27 of 1910. Subdivision of town- ships 63, 64, 65, 66 and part of 62, range 1, and township 65 and the east outlines of townships 67 and 68, range 2, west of the fifth meridian. Fawcett, A Gravenhurst, Ont. .. Contract No. 11 of 1910. Subdivision of town- ships 54, 55, 56 and 57, range 22, townships 57 and 58 and the east outlines of townships of 59 and 60, range 23, west of the third meridian. .. Winnipeg, Man Contract No. 28 of 1910. Subdivision of town- ships 62, 63 and &i, range 2, and townships 62 and 63, range 3, west of the fifth meri- dian. Survey of blocks 1 and 2 of timber berth No. 1015 situated on the east shore "-■f lake Winnipeg, near Bloodvein bay, Man., and blocks 1 and 2 of timber bertli No. 1134, situated on Bloodvein river, Mani- toba. Findlay, A Fontaine, L. E. Francis, ,T Portage Man. Levis, Que Inspection of contracts Nos. 9, 10, 16, 22, 23 and 25 of 1909; reinspection of contract No. 12 and additions to Nos. 18 ana 25 of 1908. Miscellaneous resurveys in townships 55 and 56, range 7, townships 54, ranges 8 and 12 and t.-)^mship 52, range 22, west of the fifth meridian. la Prairie, .Subdivision surveys in township 45, range 20, townships 44 and 45, range 21, township 49, range 23, townships 48 and 49, range 24, and 'towaships 48 and 50, rajige 25, west of the fifth meridian. 30 DEPARTMEXT OF THE INTERIOR 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 APPENDIX No. l—Coixtinusd. Schedule of Surveyors employed and work executed by them, from April 1, 1910,. to March 31, 1911— Continued. Surveyor. Address. Description of Work. Green, T. D Ottawa, Ont Contract No. 34 of 1910. Subdivision of town- ship 31, range 6, townships 29, 31 and 32. range 7, and township 40, ranges 8 and 9^ \ve£t of the fifth meridian. Hawkins. A. H Listowel, Ont Survey of the twenty-first base line across ranges 1 to 18, west of the fifth meridian. Miscellaneous surveys in township 29. ransre 7, and townships ^0, ranges 8 and 9, meridian ; township 45, range 4, township 48, range 22, and township 51, range 27, west of the fourth meridian. Traverse in town- " ' ship 58, range 11, township 53, range 25, and township 80, range 26 west of the fourth meridian ; townships 47 and 52, range 1, west of the fifth meridian. Heathcott, R. V Edmonton. Alta Contract No. 31 of 1910. Subdivision of town- ships 54 and 55. riintre 21. the sotitli tw^_>- thirds of township 54, range 22 and the north two-thirds of townships 51, ranges 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 and 23, and survey of the east outlines of townships 56 ranges 21 and 22, west of the fifth meridian. Holcroft, H. S Toronto, Ont Contract No. 12 of 1910. Subdivision of town- ships 57. 58 and 59, range 24, and townships 57, 58, 59 and 60, range' 25, and survey of the east outline of township 60, range 24, west of the third meridian. Hopkins. M. W Edmonton, Alta Contract No. 17 of 1910. Subdivision of townships 65 and 66, ranges 1, 2, 3, 4 ind 5, and survey of the east outlines of town- ships 67 and 68, ranges 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. west of the fourth meridian. Hubbell, E. W Ottawa, Ont Inspection of contract No. 32 of 1907. Con- tracts Nos. 13, 17 and part of 19 of 1909. Contracts Nos. 4, 5, 6 and 7 of 1910. Re- survey in township 48, range al and town- ship 49, range 27 west of the second meri- dian. Traverse in townships 42 ranges 9. 10, 13 and 14, townships 52 and 53, ranges 12 and 13, and tow nship 49, range 26 west of the second meridian. .Johnson, A. W Kamloops, B.C Survey of villa Ms at Woodhaven on north arm of Burrard Inlet. Keith, H. P Edmonton, Alta Survey of timber berth No. 1705 in townships 50 and 51, ranges 22 and 23, west of the fifth meridian ; timber berth iNo. 1706 in township 51, range 22, west of the fifth meridian, and of timber berth No. 1707 in township 50, range 23, west of the fifth meridian. Kimpe, M Edmonton, Alta Contract No. 15 of 1910. Subdivision of town- ships 49, 50 and 51. range 8, townships 30 and 51, ranges 9 and 10, and part of town- ship 52, range 9. and survey of the e£ist out- lines of townships 49, ranges 9, 10 and 11 west of the fifth meridian. TOPoaiiArnicM. sfryets BRiycn 31 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b APPENDIX No. \— Continued. Schedule of Surveyors employed and work executed by them, from April 1, 1910. to March 31, 1911 — Continued. Surveyor. Address. Description of Work. Kirk. J. A Eerelstoke, B.C Survey of timber berth No. 401 in townships 29, ranges 21 and 22, west of the fifth meri- dian; timber berth No. 415 in townships 30 and 31, range .30, west of the fifth meri- dian, and of timber berth No. 416 in town- ship 30, range 20 west of the fifth meridian. Kitto, F. H Ottawa, Ont Miscellaneous resurveys in St. Albert settl?- ment and in townships 53, ranges 25 and 26 west of the fourth meridian. Knight, R. H Edmonton, Alta Contract No. 26 of 1910. Subdivision of town- ships 65, 66, 67 and 68, range 26, and town- ships 63, 64, 65, 66, 67 and 68, range 27, wesv of the fourth meridian. Lang, J. L Sault Ste. Marie, Ont. Subdivision in townships 5, 6 and 7, range 4. and townships 7 and 8, range 5, west of the fifth meridian. E^survey in townships 5, 7 and 8, range 1, township 5, range 2, and townships 6 and 7, range 3, west of the- fifth meridian. Laurie, K. C Battleford, Sask Contract No. 35 of 1910. Subdivision of townships 54, 55 and 56, range 23, west of the third meridian. Lighthall, A Ottawa, Ont Survey in townships 3 and 4, range 3, west of the seventh meridian ; townships 18, 21, 40 and 41, east of the coast meridian; townsliip 39, west of the coast meridian. Traverse in township 4, range 3, and town- ship 6, range 7, west of the seventh meri- dian; townships 40 and 41, east of the coast meridian. Eesurvey in townships 3 and 4, range 3, west of the seventh meridian : townships 18, 21, 40 and 41, east of the coast meridian ; townsliip 39, west of the coast meridian. Survey of timber berth No. 535 in township 39, west of the coast meridian; timber berth No. 536 in township 40, east of the coast meridian, and timber berth No. 537 in township 6, range .5, west of the seventh u'eridian. Lonergan, G. J Buckingham. Que. . . . Inspection of contract No. 26 of 1909, and con- tracts Nos. 16, 17, 18, 19, 21. 23. 24 and 34 of )910. Eesurvey in township 53, range 3. township 68, range 16. township 54, range 2il, township 53, range 23, and townships 54, ranges 27 and 28, west of the fourth meri- dian. Traverse in township 53, range 3. townships 51, ranges 6 and 7, townships 64 and 65, range 22, townships 52 and 53, range 26, and townships 53 and 54. range 27. west of the fourth meridian. Eesurvey of lots 1 to 6, Lac la Biche settlement in township 68, range 16, west of the foiirth meridian. Miles, C. F Toronto, Ont Eeinspection of contract No. 8 of 1909, in- spection of contracts Nos. 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 35 of 1910. Eesurvey in township 49, range 24 and townships 48, rang^ 27 and 28 west of the second meridian; township 48, range 1, townships 14 and 15, range 25, and 32 DEPARTMENT OF THE lyTEIilOh' 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 APPENDIX No. 1— Continued. Schedule of Surveyors employed and work executed by them, from April 1, 1910, to March 31, 1911 — Continued. Surveyor. Address. Description of Work. townships 13 and U, range 30, west of tlie third meridian ; townships 13 and 14, range 1, west of the fourth meridian. Traverse in townships 48 and 49, range 24, and town- ships 4S, ranges 27 and 28, west of the second meridian ; township 15, range 25, west of the third meridian: townships 13 and 14, range 1, west of the fourth meridian. Mitchell, B. F Edmonton, Alta Contract No. 21 of 1910. Subdivision of town- ship 63, range 16, and townships til. 62, 63 and 64, range 17, west of the fourth meri- dian. Montgomery, if. II. . Prince Albert, Sask. . Contract No. 5 of 1910. Subdivision of town- ship 51, range 5, townships 51 and 52, range 6, townships 50, 51, 52 and 53, range 7, and townships 49, 50, 51 and 52, range 8, west of the third meridian. ilorrier, J. E Ottawa. Out Contract No. 4 of 1910. Subdivision of town- ships 44, ranges 7, 8, 9 and 10, and the northerly two-thirds of township 45, range 3, west of the second meridian. McCaw, E. D Calgary, Alta Examination of land in the Kamloops dis- trict for the purpose of classification into fruit land, farming land, grazing land, timber land and worthless land. McFarlane, J. B Toronto, Out Subdivision in townships 39 and 40, range 16, township 39, range 17. township 40, range 18, township 41, range 19, township 44, range 21, townships 45 and 46, range 22, town- ship 46, range 23, and township 50, range 26, west of the fifth meridian. AfcFarlane, W. G. .. . Toronto, Ont Conitract No. 33 of 1910. Subdivision of town- ship 83, range 23, and the parts north of Peace river of townships 83, ranges 21 and 22, and township 82, range 23, survey of the east outlines of townships 84, ranges 22, 23 and 24, all west of the lifth meridian. Sub- division of townships 81 and 82, range _1, townships 81 ranges 2 and 3, township 70. range 9, the west half of township 72 and the northerly two-thirds of the west half of township 71, range 2, the northerly two- thirds of township 70, and the southerly third of townships 71, ranges 7 and 8, and the southerly third of township 71, range 9; survey of the north outline of township 84, range 1, and the east outlines of town- ships 83 and 84, range 2, and townships 69, ranges 7, 8 and 9, all west of the sixth meridian. Traverse in township 82, range 26, west of the fifth meridian, and in town- ship 71. range 3, west of the sixth meri- dian. Survey of blocks 1 and 2 of timber berth 1272 in Peace river district. Alberta. .McGrandle, H Wetaskiwin, Alta. .. . Contract No. 29 of 1910. Subdivision of town- ships 52, ranges 13 and 14, township 56, range 15. townships 55 and 56, and the north third of township 54, range 16, west of the fifth meridian. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURTEYS BRAXCH 33 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b APPENDIX No. 1— Continued. Schedule of Surveyors employed and work executed by them, from April 1, 1910, to March 31, 1911 — Continued. Surveyor. Address. Description of Work. McMillan, Geo Ottawa, Ont. McNaughton, A. L. . . Cornwall, Ont. Ogilvie. W. .. O'Hara, W. F. Ord, L. R Phillips. H. G. Plunkett, T. H. Ottawa, Ont. Ottawa. Ont. Hamilton, Ont. . . Saskatoon, Sask. , Toronto, Ont. . . Ponton, A. W Edmonton, Alta. Proudfoot, H. B Saskatoon, Sask. 25b— 3 Survey of the sixteenth base line across ranges 5 to 13, the seventeenth base line across ranges 9 to 14, and the twentieth base line across ranges 13 to 17, west of the sixth meridian. . Subdivision in townships 45 and 46, range 18, townships 46 and 47, range 19, township 47, range 20, townships 48 and 49, range 21, township 49, range 22, and survey of the east outlines of townships 48, ranges 19 and 20, west of the fifth meridian. Survey of timber berth No. 1709 in township 53, range 10, west of the 6fth meridian. Survey of a water-power site for the city of jPrinoe Albert, at Cole falls, on Saskatche- wan river. . Eesurvey in townships 2 ranges 7, 8 and 19, townships 1 and 2, range 20, township 1, range 27, townships 1 and 2, range 29, and township 1, range 30, west of the fourth meridian. Survey in the town of Pincher Creek and of villa lot3 aronnd Waterton lakes. Contract Xo. 22 of 1910. Subdivision of town- ships 61, 62, 63, 64 and 65, range 18, west of the fourth meridian. ■ . Kesurvey in township 23, range 7, west of the third meridian. Survey in townships 19 and 20, range 5, town- ships 19, ranges 6 and 7, townships 23, rang- es 9 and 10, townships 22 and 23 range 11, township 23, range 12, townships 21, 22 and 23. range 13, townships 22 and 23, range 25. Traverse in townships 19 and 20, range 5, and townships 21, 22 and 23, range 13, west of the sixth meridian. Resurvey in township 23, range 10, townships 22 and 23, range 11. township 23, range 12, town- ships 21 and 2.3, range 13. townships 21, ranges 14 and 24, and townships 22 and 23, range 25, west of the sixth meridian. Survey of the fifth meridian from the north- east corner of township 106 to the northeast corner of township 112; survey of the twenty-eighth base line across ranges 1 to 17, the twenty-ninth base line across range 1. T>art subdivision of township 109, range 10, "west of the fifth meridian, and the pro- duction of the principal meridian across lake Winnipeg from the northeast corner of section 12, township 35, to tne northeast corner of township 48. Survey of block 24 of timber berth No. 1048 near Green lake, berth No. 1050 on the shores of Namew lake. Goose lake and Amisk lake, blocks 1 and 2 of berth No. 12.37 northeast of Hudson Bay Junction and berth No. 1672 in township 43, range 27, west of the principal meridian. 34 DEPARTilEyr OF TflE /.\ 7T/,'/0/,• 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 APPENDIX No. 1— Continued. Schedule of Surveyors employed and work executed by them, from April 1, 1010, to March 31, 1911— Continued. Description of Work. Surveyor. Address. Reilly, W. R Regina, Sask Traverse of Swan lake in township 10, range 8, west of the second meridian. Robinson, E. W Ottawa, Ont Survey of the eighth base line across ranges 1 to 5, east of the principal meridian ; survey of the principal meridian from the eighth base line to lake Winnipeg; survey of the ninth base line across ranges 1 to 7, west of the principal meridian; survey of the fifteenth base line from the northeast corner of section 35, range 21, west of the principal meridian to the second meridian; survey of the second meridian from the fifteenth base line to the northca>t corner of township 61. Eolfson, O Walkerville, Ont. .. -Subdivision in townships 43 and 44, range 20, • and township 44, range 21, west of the fifth meridian. Ross, J. E Kamloops, B.C Survey in townships 19, ranges 13 and 14, township 22, range 17, townships 17, 18, 19, 21 and 22, range 18, townships 21 and 22, range 19, townships 21 22, 23 and 24 range 20, townships 19, 22, 23 and 24, range 21, townships 19, 20, 22 and 23, range 22, and township 20, range 23, west of the sixth meridian. Traverse in township 22, range 17, townships 18, 19 and 22, ronge 18, town- ship 21, range 19, township 22. range 20, and townships 22, 23 and 24, range 21, west of sixth meridian. Eesurvey in township 22, range 17, townships 18, 20 and 21, range 18, townships 20 and 21, range 19, toivnship 24, range 21, and township 22, range 22, west of the sixth meridian. j{ov G P Quebec, Que Contract No. 8 of 1910. Subdivision of town- ships 53, 54 and 55, range 17, and townships 53, 54, 55 and 56, range 18; survey of the east outline of township 56, range 17, west of the third meridian. Saint Cyr, -V Ottawa, Ont Survey of the third meridian from the north- east corner of township 60 to the northeast corner of township 64, and the seventeenth base line across ranges 1 to 12, west of the third meridian. Saunders. B. .T Edmonton, Alta Survey of the nineteenth base line across ranges 1 to 5, west of the fourth meridian. Scott, W. A Gait, Ont Surveys in township 10, range 30, west of the fourth meridian; township 10, range 1, townships 11 and 13, range 2, township 8, range 3, and townships 10, 11 and 12, range 4, west of the fifth meridian. Eesurvey in township 28, range 12, and township 16, range 13, west of the third meridian. Tra- verse in townships 27, ranges 17 and 18, west of the second meridian, and in townships 10 and 11, range 3, west of the fifth meri- dian. Survey of the north boundary of Peigan timber limit in township 9, rang* 30, west of the fourth meridian. Investiga- tion in township 7, range 10 west of tB» second meridian. TOPOGRAPHICAL SVRTETS BRASCB 35 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b APPENDIX No. 1— Continued. Schedule of Surveyors employed and work executed by them, from April 1, 1910, to March 31, 1911— Continued. Surveyor. Address. Description of work. Selby, H. W (Died Aug., 1910). Seymour, H. L Edmonton, Alta. Smith, D. A Claude, Ont. Smith, J. H Edmonton, Alta. Steele, I. J Ottawa, Ont. Stewart, L. D. N Collingwood, Ont.. Stewart, W. M Saskatoon, Sask. Stock, J. J Ottawa, Ont. Street, P. B. Toronto, Ont. Teasdale, C. M. . Concord, Ont. Thifcaudeau, W Montreal, Que. 25l>— 3i Settlement surveys at Athabaska Landing and McMurray. Traverse of part of Athabaska river from McMurray to McKay. . Contract No. 23 of 1910. Subdivision of town- ships 61, 62 and 63, ranges 19 and 20, west of the fourth meridian. Survey in township 25 range 20, west of the fifth meridian ; townships 24, 25 and 26, range 7, and townships 25 and 26, range 8, west of the sixth meridian. Traverse in townships 25, ranges 7 and 8, west of the sixth meridian. Besurvey in township 25, range 20, west of the fifth meridian. Contract No. 32 of 1910. Subdivision of town- ship 77, range 19, township 76, and the north third of township 75, ranges 20 and 21, and townships 76 and 77, and the north third of township 75, ranges 22 and 23, west of the fifth meridian. Contract No. 25 of 1910. Subdivision of town- ships 64, 65, 66, 67 and 68, range 25, and township 64, range 26, west of the fourth meridian. , Survey in townships 22 and 23, ranges 9 and 10, west of the sixth meridian. Traverse in township 23, range 9, and townships 22 and 23, range 10, west of the sixth meridian. Resurvey in township 23, range y, west of the sixth meridian. Contract No. 9 of 1910. Subdivision of town- ships 54, 55, 56 and 57, range 19, and town- ships 57, ranges 20 and 21, west of the third meridian. Contract No. 10 of 1910. Subdivision of town- ships 54, 55 and 56, ranges 20 and 21, west of the third meridian. Survey in township 27, range 21, and town- ■ ships 27 and 28, range 22, west of the fifth meridian ; townships 22 and 23, range 1 , townships 32, 23 and 24, range 2, and town- ships 26, ranges 7 and 8, west of the sixth meridian. Traverse in township 22, range 1, townships 22 and 24, range 2 and town- ships 26, ranges 7 and 8, west of the sixth meridian. Resurvey in townships 27, ranges 21 and 22, west of the fifth meridian; town- ships 22 and 23, range 1, and townships 26, ranges 7 and 8, west of the sixth meridian. Contract No. 3 of 1910. Subdivision of town- ships 44, 46, 47, 48 and the north third of 45, range 11, west of the second meridian. Reconnaissance survey of Winnipeg and Eng- lish rivers to determine the most suitable locations for storage reservoirs. 86 DEPARTMENT OF THE IMEKIOR APPENDIX No. 1— Concluded. 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 Schedule of Surveyors employed and work executed by them, from April 1, 1910, to March 31, 1911.— Concluded. Surveyor. Address. Description, of work. Tyrrell, J. W Humiltou, Ont Contract No. 2 of 1910. Subdivision of town- ships 26, 27, 29 and 30, range 1, townships 26. 27, 28, 29 and 30, range 2, and townships 26, ranges 3 and 4, east of the principal meridian. Waddell, W. H Edmonton, Alta Contract No. 16 of 1910. Subdivision of town- ships 65 and the south two-thirds of town- ships 66. ranges 10, 11 and 12, and town- ships 69, ranges 13 and 14, west of the fourth meridian. Survey of timber berth No. 1305 in townships 60 and bl, ranges 11 and 12, west of the fifth meridian. Waldron, J Moosejaw, Sask Contract No. 18 of 1910. Subdivision of town- ships 68 and 69, ranges 18, 19 and 20. west of the fourth meridian. Wallace, J. N Calgary, Alta Survey of the fourth meridian from the northeast corner of township 80 to the northeast corner of section 13, township 95. Warren, Jas Walkerton, Ont Contract No. 7 of 1910. Subdivision of town- ships 52 and 53, range 14, township 53, range 15, and townships 53 and 54, range 16, west of the third meridian. Watt, G. H Ottawa, Ont Contract No. 6 of 1910. Subdivision of town- ships 48 and 49, range 10, township 49, range 11, townships 50 and 51, ranges 12 and 13, and survey of the east boundary of township 52, range 12, west of the third meridian. Williams, G. L Enderby, B.C Survey of blocks 4 and 5 of timber berth No. 253, near Revelstoke, B.C. Woods, J. E Pincher Creek, Alta. Traverse of Southfork river in township 6, range 3, west of the fifth meridian. TOPOGRAPHICAL SVRTETS BRAyCH SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b APPENDIX No. 2. 37 Schedule showing for euoh surveyor employed from Apiil 1, 1910, to March 31, 1911, the number of miles surveyed of township section lines, township outlines, traverses of lakes and rivers and resurvey, also the cost of the same. Surveyor. .\kins, ,T. R Aylsworth, C. F Baker, .T. C Blanchet, G. H Bridgland, M. P... Carson, P. A CautWv, R. H Chilver, C. A Christie, W Cote, J. L Cummins, A. L Davies, T. A Deans, W. J Ducker, W. A Dumais, P. T. C Fairchild, C. C Fawcett, A Findlay, A Francis .T Green, T. D Hawkins, A. H Heathoott, R. V Holcroft, H. .S Hopkins, M. W KimiX', M Knight, R. H Lang. J. L Laurie, R. C Lighthall, A Mitchell, B. F Jlontgomery, R. H . . . Merrier, J. E McFarlane, .J. B . . . • . McFarlane, W. G... MoGrandlc, H McMillan, Geo McNaughton, A. L . . . . O'Hara, W. F Ord. L. R Plunkett, T. H Ponton, A. W Robinson. E. W Rolfson, O Ross, J. E Roy, G. P Saint Cyr, A Saunders, B. J Scott, W. A Seymour, H. L Smith, D. A Smith. J. H Steele, I. J Stewart, L. D. X Stewart, W. M Stock, J. J Street, P. B 82 26 362 87 328 281 272 126 286 100 17 234 257 288 247 106 278 327 3*1 466 363 290 51 146 47 247 480 202 90 537 252 93 24 234 113 4 14 63 146 326 22 "ei 288 70 392 276; 69 28S 286 76' 18: 45 61 18 126 18 22 30 32 44 30 18 21 109 58 51 117 54 36 2 IS 47 S9 9 114 40 2251. 199 . 14 38 85. .30 . (> 30 58; 12 9 1 122 18 23 40 62 63 109 36 31 'i32 64 71 47 30 46 13 41 144 62 80 60 3 51 18 71 197 65 17 91 2 P. Total Cost. 54 36; 7 50] . 6; 55'. 87i. 13;. 15 . 24. 19l 11 185 32 31 123 11 25 33 237 32 2 1 4 6 29 16 16 120 212 529 137 54 163 400 361 126 353 25! 355 162 49 366 374 389 312 157 324 147 426 496 645 497 386 89 215 74 342 727 267 157 775 263 114 144 271 322 170 231 214 106 174 422 1071 30 103 3681 921 505 375| 91 1 357 346! Ill Cost per MUe. $ By Day Work or by Contract. 8,662 9,652 13,911 13,649 1,378 4,302 12,533 9,830 14,414 9,883 13,230 10,171 10,802 4,785 8,487 10,458 10,148 8,587 11,037 9,045 14,519 12,824 12,455 17,107 13,861 10,633 7,807 5,222 9,237 9,073 18,140 6,788 13,333 18,224 7,933 28,472 14,152 8,015 7,780: 12,063 28,625 22,186 13,350 10,568' 12,.522 26,833 23,160 7,677 10,345, 10,218 14,500 9,544, 9,915 10,866 10,056 9,283: 72 IP Dav. 45 53 „" 26 29 Contract. 99 63 Dav. 25 52 „' 26 39 .. 31 33 Contract. 27 23 114 40 Dav. 28 00 Contract. 51 48 Day. 28 65 Contract. 66 68 Dav. 97 65 .." 23 19 Contract. 27 96 26 09 27 52 70 30 Dav. 27 91 Contract. 98 77 Day. .30 10 Contract. 25 11 26 52 27 89 27 60 87 72 Dav. 24 29 Contract. 124 82 Dav. 26 53|Contract. 24 95 25 42 81 92 Dav. 23 51 Contract. 30 16 Contract. 249 75 Dav. P8 28 .." 29 58 ., 24 16 Contract. TO 96 Day. 123 92 ,. 103 67 .. 125 94 .. 60 74 .. 29 67 Contract. 250 77 Dav. 772 00 m" 74 53 „ 28 11 Contract. Ill 06 Day. 28 7 1, Con tract. 25 45 108 96 Dav. 30 44 Contract. 29 07 83 63, Dav. 38 DEPARTMEyr OF TBE IXTERIOR 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 APPENDIX No. 2— Concluded. Schedule showing for each surveyor employed from April 1, 1910, to March 31, 1911, the number of miles surveyed of township section lines, township outlines, tra- verses of lakes and rivers and resurvey, also the cost of the same. — Cond'Uded Surveyor. 'I'easdale, C. M . Tyrrell, J. W... Waddell, W. H. Waldron, .T Wallace, J. N... Warren, Jas . . . . Watt, G. H Woods, J. E.... Total . 214 :<45 11,849 202 468 326 273 2,376 14 46 196 71 24 61 12 2,758 3 906 o Eh 17,889 Total Cost. 234 7, 658 15, 570 13, 362 9, 88 27, 270 7, 436 u. 12 042 528 345 971 065 687 958 211 765,07; Cost per Mile. By Day Work or by Contract. S cts. 30 10 Contract. 27 83 23 41 27 55 307 56 Day. 28 47|Contract. 27 43! 17 58 Day. TOPOGRAPHICAL i-VRTETS BRiyCH SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b 39 SI S s o o" A. a o o d o . o eo ^ d sf -^ « ^ J' l-H a -I fi :a g iz! s 9 w =- 3 < ~ o i s >J c o 1 1 El J o ■a 5 Claimant. d o 1 o 1 -^- [53 C 1 Date of Approval. s Year of Survey . |- Siii'veyor. • ■ m 'J » 6 !§ a o S -3 - % Od O 0% 3S 03 OA OS C ooi20-tn-««^<- to '^ l-H I o o & --: 3 3 5 S CS^ 9 f- r oj -< ^ j: o;'^^ :3.2fJ . ^ J-' . u 3 cS S^ ^ = - ^ I s mm JO 3~ . _3:i-3 o c i =0' CCS . '.^^1 I'' - i. 00 ^3 b S s s =e ^ _ o f « t^ ;i t- :r n - O O P5 Hg ^. OC5c;cvc:c:o:c:c; O5c:o»e5c:osocj;oo Q = TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRAyCB SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b 41 O o u B "* CO i| " . " , ec 1i §S i S " S o >--j= o = » c X :i -J o o "^£0 2 = 1-5 3 ocoooooo C5 c; 3; 3: • Ci S Oi > > > >■ > > >>> ooooo=~o B s Q "3 u B E Of a 42 DEPARTJIEST OF THE IXTERIOR 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 APPENDIX No. 4. List of miscellaneous surveys in the Yukon Territory, returns of which have been received from A'pril 1, 1910, to March 31, 1911. Year. Surveyor. Description of Survey. 1910.... H. G. t )ickson. . . . Reference traverse from Carmack up Nortlenskiold valley. 1906.... James Gibbon .... Base line on Guysboro gulch, a tributary oi Klondike river. 1906.... ■1 1. on Belcher .> .. .. .. 1906.... II II on Rabbit u u .■ 1906.... II II on Twenty ,. n Himker Creek. 1906. . . . II 11 on Twenty one n u n n 1906.... .1 II on Hattie n u .i n 1906.... 11 11 on Thirtv-seven .. 1907.... Base and side lines on part of Sixtymile river, a tributary of Yukon river. 1907.. . 11 II 11 II on Bedrock creek, a tributary of .Si.xtymile river. 1907.... 11 11 .1 11 on Big Gold creek, a tributary of Sixtymile river. 1907.... 11 11 11 11 on Glacier creek, a tributary of Big Gold creek. 1910.... C. W. MacPherson Base line on Goring gulch, a tributary of Klondike river. TOPOGRAPHICAL SVRTEYS BRASCB 43 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b APPENDIX No. 5. Statemext of work executed in the oflBce of the Chief Draughtsman : — Letters of instructions to surveyors 335 Progress sketches received and filed 1,206 Declarations of settlers received and filed 123 Returns of timber berths received 48 Plans received from surveyors 509 Field books received from surveyors 760 Timber reports received 273 Observations for magnetic declination received 987 Dip observations received 9i' Total force observations received 72 Preliminary township plans prepared 355 Sketches made 4,033 Maps and tracings made 134 Plans of Yukon lots received 71 Plans of miscellaneous Yukon surveys received 13 Yukon lots reduced to 40 chains to 1 inch and plotted on group plans 45 Returns of surveys examined — Township subdivision 372 Township outline 260 Road plans 229 Railway plans 55 Yukon lots 118 Miscellaneous Yukon surveys 21 Mineral claims 16 Timber berths 64 Correction and other miscellaneous surveys 165 Township plans compiled 913 Topographical township plans compiled 156 Townsite, settlement and other plans compiled 15 Proofs of plans examined 108 Township plans printed 740 Townsite and settlement plans printed 13 Miscellaneous plans printed 197 Descriptions written 13 Pages of field notes copied 627 Applications for various information dealt with 2,863 Files received and returned 2,469 Letters and memoranda drafted 8.355 Books received from Record Office and used in connection with office work 4,909 Books returned to Record Office 4,869 Plans other than printed township plans received from Record Office and used in connection with office work . . 654 Plans returned to Record Office 673 44 DEPAETMEXT OF THE INTERIOR 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 APPENDIX No. 5.—Conrluded. Volumes of plans received from Record Office and used in connection with office work 92 Volumes of plans returned to Record Office 85 Books sent to Record Office to be placed on record 772 Plans other than township plans sent to Record Office to be placed on record 273 Sectional maps (3 miles to 1 inch) — Revised 56 Reprinted 38 Sectional maps (6 miles to 1 inch) — ■ Reprinted 46 TOPOGRAPHICAL sLRVEYS BRAXCB SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b 45 APPENDIX No. 6. List of new editions of Sectional Maps issued from April 1, 1910, to March 31, 1911. SCALE 3 MILES TO OXE INCH. No. Name. No. Nan-.e. No. Name. No. Name. 1.5 Lethbridge. 115 Blackfoot. ' 172 Fairford. 313 Brule. 16 Milk River. 116 Rainv Hills. 215 Red Deer. 314 St. Ann. 17 Cypress. 117 Red Deer Forks. 217 Tramping Lake. 315 Edmonton. 19 Willowbunch. lis Rush Lake. ( 218 Saskatoon. 317 Fort Pitt. 20 Souris. 162 Sevmour. 219 i Humboldt. 364 Fort Assiniboine. 66 Medicine Hat. 164 Morley. ' 220 ;Nut Mt. j 365 Victoria. 67 Maple Creek. 166 Sounding Creek. 263 !Jasi)er. 415 Tawatinaw. 69 Moosejaw. 167 Bad Hills. 265 1 Peace Hills. 416 La Biche, 73 Winnipeg. 168 The Elbow. 267 'Battleford. 113 Spillimacheen. 171 Duck Mt. 269 [Carlton. 1 ! SCALE 6 MILES TO ONE INCH. No. Name. No. Name. No. Name. No. Name. 14 Pincer Creek. ■ 74 Cross Lake. 168 The Elbow. 313 Brule. 15 Lethbridge. 113 Spillimacheen. 171 DuckMt. 314 St. Ann. 16 Milk River. 115 Blackfoot. 172 Fairford. 315 Edmonton. 17 Cypress. 116 Rainy Hills. 215 Red Deer. 316 Vermilion. 19 Willowbunch. 117 Red beer Forks. 216 Sullivan Lake. 317 Fort Pitt. 22 Dufferin. 120 Qu'Appelle. 217 Tramping Lake. 364 Fort Assiniboine. 66 Medicine Hat. 164 Morley. 220 Nut Mt. 365 Victoria. 67 Maple Creek. 165 Rosebud. 263 Jasper. 415 Tawatinaw. 68 Swiftcurrent. 166 Sounding Creek. 26 1 Brazeau. 416 La Blche. 73 Winnipeg. 167 Bad Hills. 265 Peace Hills. 46 DEPA-RTilEXT OF THE IXTERIOR 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 p o o < B p o O a. le So o <*^ o j= PLi IB o s Ed < m 1 1 © ^ c^ o t- c; :c ic :d ••■: M o -r 30 t~ X t- -V -v X ^_^^ 00 X •« ;SS fe X SI :" :^g I-H X S ; ; ; la 24x30 O Sei 2 20 X 24 S ss§ :S« 1 X X fe IS • *scc rH cc 1-t X § f25S §i ; g i-H X S!§??S5:2J: CI X CC*^ 1-H ;o i : : ^ : : : 1 cc gS: 00 X to '^lOCC » J5C0 « : : ico S : . IS X cc GO CS -^ i-Tco ■* ■ ■ » 1 ! CO* X «5 : : : @ :o • ■ ■ -p i i > 3 u 5 "C c 5 c X c > a = < c > _ 3 •5 a o 1 c C •o ■ s «• ; III |£ = III ■is JS III -2 TOPOGRAPHICAL SVRVEYfi BRAyCH SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b 47 APPENDIX No. 8. Statement of work executed in the Lithographic Office from April 1, 1910, to March 31, 1911. Month. April 1910 May n June July August 1 September i Octol)er M November i December >• January 1911 February h March n Total No. Maps. Copie.'. 161 8,085 191,125 6,K11 900 6,725 2,075 9,500 11,800 725 935 73,075 107,650 419,406 Im- pressions. 22,190 716,575 7,036 900 11,750 2,225 9,575 11,875 725 1,145 205,025 284,475 1,273,490 Townships. No. 63 138 12 75 96 164 51 20 121 740 Copies. 12,600 27,600 2,400 1.5,000 19,200 32,800 10,200 3,804 24,200 147,804 Impres- sions. 13,800 27,800 2,400 15,000 20,300 33,000 10,200 4,204 24,200 150,904 Forms. No. 55 Copies. Impres- sions. 339 1,070 700 11,475 3,380 1,590 11,635 300 7,130 25,200: 10,700 73,519 339 1,070 700 11,725 3.480 1,590 11,635 300 9,630 25,200 12,700 78,369 RECAPITULATION. Maps Townships Forms Grand total No. Copies. 161 740 55 956 419,406 147,804 73,519 640,729 Impressions. 1,273,496 150,904 7K,369 1,502,769 Cost. $ cts. 3,356 68 5,301 20 1,032 12 9,690 00 48 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERlOlf 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 APPENDIX No. 9. List of employees of the Topographical Surveys Branch at Ottawa, giving the name, classification, duties of office and salary of each. (Metcalfe street, corner of Slater.) Name. Deville, K., D.T.S., LL.D. Brady, M CuUen, M. .T... Moran, J. F. . . . Williams, E. R Addison. W. G. Pegg, A O'Meara, M. T. Pick, A. C Hunter, R. H... Wilkinson, Percy Classification. Division. Sub- division. I Correspondence. B A A A B Accounts A A Duties of Office. Surveyor General. Secretary Stenographer Typewriter and clerk . Correspondence clerk. Typewrittr Messenger Accountant Asst. Accountant. Salary. 9 3,550 2,3UO 1,200 900 900 750 800 500 500 2,050 1,050 Chief Draughtsman's Office — General direction and supervision of the technical work. Symes, P. B. Shanks, T., B.A.Sc, D.L.S. . . B B Chief drauglitsman Asst. chief draughtsman. 2,350 2,450 TOPOGRAPHICAL f^URTETS BRAyCB 49 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b APPENDIX No. 9.— Continued. Chief Draughtsman's Office, First Section — Survey instructions and general information. Name. Classificatiox. Di(ties of Office. Salary. Division Sub- division. Brown, T. E., B. A 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 I 3 B A A A A A B B B B B B B B B B B B B A A Chief of section Asst. chief of section . . Draughtsman S cts. 2,4.50 00 1,8.50 00 1,850 00 1,850 Oi> Unibach, J. E., Grad. S.P.S., D.L.S Barber, H. G., Grad. S.P.S . .. Rice, F.W., Grad. School of Mining" Belleau, J. A., D.L.S Sylvain, J McRae, A. D., B. A., B. Sc . ... ■ 1,9.50 00 1,650 00 1 350 00 Carrol], M. .J., Grad. S.P.S Grant, A. W., B.A.... 1,550 00 1,350 (Xl 1,2.50 m 1 "50 00 Peaker, W. T., Grad. S.P.S Grant, A. il., B. Sc Milliken, J. B., B. A., B. Sc ^1 l,-^50 00 MacMillan, J. P., B.E j^ 1,250 00 1,1.50 10 Cordukes, .1. P., B. Se II Wadlin, L. X., B. Sc Havward, H. E., B. Sc McCullv. R. C, B.A 1,150 (Xj 1,250 (h;i 1,0C(I IX) Gagnon, .1. X. H., B.A. S ". 1 OOO 00 Rochon, E. C 1,350 00 Holbrook, C. H Clerk 950 Oi) Burkholder, E. L 900 00 M 1 M "t 1 M Chief Draughtsman's Office, Second Section — Surveys in Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta and Yukon. Nash. T. .S., Grad. S.P.S., D.L.S Burgess, E. L., Grad. S.P.S.,D.L.S., O.L.S. . Dennis, E. M., B. Sc 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 B A A A A A A A B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B Chief of section Asst. chief of section ti II Draughtsman 2,400 (X) 1,850 (K) 1,SgO 00 1,850 00 1,850 (X> 1,8.50 (X) 1,S50 00 1,650 m 1,.S50 00 1,450 00 Elder, A. .T., Grad. S.P.S., D.L.S Henderson, F.D.. Grad. S.P.S., D.L.S Hill, S. X.,Grad. .S.P.S - Genest, P.F.X, QL.S Robertson, D.F . Grad. S.P.S. Sutherland. H.E., B. Sc- Kitto, F. H., D.L.S McCIennan. \V. D 1,600 00 1.600 00 Roger, A., O.L.S Sprecklev, R. O 1,450 00 Gooddaj-, Leonard l,a50 00 1,350 00 1,250 00 1,250 00 Bray, K. P Harrison, E. W Ault, H. W II Lytle, W. .J 1,000 00 1,000 00 1,000 m La Beree, E. E Jones, (i. S., Grad. S.P.S., O.L.S Bradley, .L D 1,000 00 1,000 00 1,000 CO 1,000 00 1,200 OO Dubuc, C.P..Q.L.S Cagnat, G. H Foumier, O. E., B A.S i! - '.'.'.'.'..'.[.'..'.. Ross, C. M.. B. Sc • Macdonald, J . A Clerk 800 00 2.5b— 4 50 DEPARTMEST OF TUE IM'EItlOIt APPENDIX No. 9.—Continved. 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 Chief Draughtsman's Office, Third Section — (Imperial Building, Queen street). Copying plans for reproduction. Classification. Duties of Office. Salary. Division 2 2 2 2 2 *} 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Sub- division. Engler. Carl, B.A., D.L.S May, J. E A A A B B B B A A A A B B B Chief of section Asst. II S cts. 2,000 00 1,&50 00 1,650 00 1,600 00 1,050 00 1,050 00 1,050 00 1,200 00 O'Connell, J. R Moule, W. J Draughtsman Clerk Helnier, J. D Archambault, K II Dawson, R. J ,1 Printer Tremblav, A Clerk noo 00 IKK) 00 Ebbs, E. J tlOO 00 Be^ubien, A. H Baril, C 700 00 700 00 Marchand C. E Engrosser 500 00 Chief Draughtsman's Office, Fourth Section — (Metcalfe street, corner of Slater). British Columbia surveys. Rowan-Legg, E. L Gillmore, E. T. B., l!rad. K.M.C. Lawe, H. D.L.S Macllquham, W. L., B. Sc Morley, K. W Weld, W. E Wilson, BED Osmond, U. A.K.C Harris, K. D 2 A 2 A 2 A '■> A 2 A 2 A 2 A 2 B 2 B Chief of section . Asst. chief h Draughtsman. 2,000 00 1,950 00 1,850 00 1,850 00 1,850 00 1,850 00 1,600 00 1,250 00 1,250 00 Chief Draughtsman's Office, Fifth Section — (Imperial Building, Queen street). Mapping. Smith, J Begin, P. A . . . Flindt, A. H.. Blanchet. A. E Davies, T.E.S. Perrin, V d'Orsonnens, A Davy, E Villeneuve, E.. Bergin, W Howie, Jas Purdv, W. A.. Brigly, J. H . . ; Chief of section. A^st. chief " Draughtsman . . . 2,-150 00 1,900 OO 1,650 OO 1,600 00 1,550 00 1,650 00 1,550 00 1,350 00 1,050 OO 1,050 00 1,000 00 1,100 00 1,300 00 TOPOGRAPHICAL SURTETS BRAyCU 51 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b APPENDIX No. d— Concluded. Chief Draughtsman's Office, Sixth Section — (Imperial Building, Queen street). Scientific and topographical work. Name. Classification. Division Sub- division Duties of Office. Dodge, G.B., D.L.S Coteg, M Dec. May Jan. 2. '68 Mar. 27, '73 3t), '38 11, Feb. 23, Apr. 14, Montgomery, Royal Harp. Moore, Herbert Harrison. Morrier, .Joseph Eldedge McArthur, James Joseph McCaw, Robert Daniel . . Prince Albert, Sask Calgary, .Alta Ottawa, Ont Ottawa, Ont Tune 16, Sidney, B.C. Jan. May Dec. Aug. May '.SO April 16, '69 April 21, '40 April 14, ■82 Feb. 23, '60 Feb. 17, 4 M.iy 16, 9, '56 April 17, May -24. '83 Mar. 23, '09 O.L.S..M.L.S. Topogra- Ehical .Surveys Branch, >ept. of Interior. Q.L.S. O.L.S. Q.L.S. Inspector of Sur- veys, Dept. of Interior. O.L.S. O.L.S. Director of Sur- veys, Y.T. B.A.Sc., O.L.S., B.C.L. S.. D.T.S. O.L..S. O.L.S. Inspector of Sur- veys, Dept. of Interior. M.L.S. O.L.S. Boundary Survey, Dept. of Interior. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRAyCH SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b APPENDIX No. 10— Coniinued. 55 List of Dominion Land Surveyors who have been supplied with Standard Measures — Coniinued. Name. McColl, Gilbert Beebe McDiarmid, Stuart Stanley.... McFadden, Moses McFarlane, Walter Graham . . McFarlane, John Baird McFee, Angus . tVlcGeorge, William Graham... McGrandle, Hugh McKenna, John Joseph McKenzie, John McLean, James Keachie.. Addr Date of Birth. Winnipeg, Man .... Vancouver, B.C. . . . Vancouver, B.C Toronto, Ont Claremont, Ont. . . . Red Deer, Alta Chatham, Ont Wetaskiwin, Alta . . . Dublin, Ont New Westminster, B C Ottawa, Ont Oct. Aug. Aug. Sept. Feb. July Mar. Mar. 8, '82 i, 'SI 26, '26 28, '7.5 2.5, ■?!) 14, '46 22, '87 12, '57 Oct. Dec. 31, '47 19, '51 McMillan, George 'Finch, Ont JDec. 9, '69 McXaughton, Alexander L i Cornwall, Ont Sept. 30, '81 McPherson, Archibald John Regina, S>isk I '70 McPhillips, George Winni]>eg, Man .... ! April 26, '48 McPhillips, Robert Charles Winnipeg, Man April 24, '56 McVittie, Archibald W Victoria, IJ.C. May 5, '5S Xash, Thomas Sanford Ottawa, Ont July 2, '75 Ogilvie, William O'Hara, Walter Francis Ord, Lewis Redman Parsons, .Johnstone Lindsay R. Patrick, Allan Poyntz Patten, Thaddeus James Pearce, William Pequegnat, Marcel Peters, Frederic Hatheway . . . Phillips, Edward Horace. . . . Phillips. Harold Geoffrey Pierce, .John Wesley Plunkett, Thomas Hartley .... Ponton, Archibald William . . . . Proudfoot, Hume Blake Rainboth, Edward Joseph . . . . Ransom, John Thomas Reid John Lestock Reilly, William Robin.son Richard, Joseph Francois. . . Rinfret, Raoul Ritchie, Joseph Frederick . Robertson, Henry H Roberts, Sydney Archibald Roberts, Vaughan Maurice. . Robinsoj, Ernest Walter P. Robinson, Franklin Joseph. . Ottawa, Ont Ottawa, Ont Hamilton, Ont Regina, Sask Calgary, Alta Little Current. Ont. Calgary, Alta Berlin. Ont Calgary, Alt;i Sa.skatoon, Sask SaskatO'Dn, Sask Haileyburv, Ont .. . . Meaford, Ont Edmonton, Alta Saskatoon, Sask Ottawa, Ont Toronto, Ont . .... Prince Albert, Sask. Regina, Sask Ste. Anne de la Poca- tiere, P.y. Montreal, P.Q Prince Rupert, B.C. N. Temiskaming, P. Q. Victoria, B.C. ... Goderich, Ont Ottawa, Ont Regina, Sask April '46 Rolfson, Orville VValkerville, Ont. Rombough, Marshall Bed well Morden, Man. . . . Rorke, Louis Valentine Toronto, Out.. . . Ross, George Welland, Ont. . . Ross, Joseph Edmund Kamloops, B.C. . Routly, Herbert Thomas Haileyburv, Ont. Roy, George Peter (Quebec, PIQ Roy, Joseph George Emile (Juebec, P.Q Saint Cyr, Jean Baptiste .Montreal, P.Q . . Saint Cyr, Arthur.. Ottawa, Ont Feb. 22, Feb. 23, Feb. 21, •June 17, May, 17, Mai-. 30, Feb. 18, April 14, Feb. 19, April 1, Feb. 23, Nov. 19, Mar. 29, May 10, .June 6, Mar. 4, Feb. 24. April 23, Dec. 24, Mar. 12, May 18, Mar. 28, May 19, Jan. 14, April 14, Nov. 17, May 13, July 16, '56 Feb. 20, Oct. •Jan July 18, Feb. 4, Feb. 1, April 27, Nov. 4, Dec. 19, Sept. 3, 17, 18, June 1. Jan. 25, June 23, Aug. 24, Sept. 12, Aiig. 10, Date -of Appoint- ment or of Commission. Mar. 20, Feb. 23, .ipril 14, May 19, June 3, April 19, Mar. 21, Mar. 30, April 14, Nov. 18, Remarks. '07 M.L.S., D.T.S. '05!B.C,L.S. '72 O.L.S., JLL.S. '05 1 •08 '79 '10 '83 '72 '87 April 1, '82 O.L.S. O.L.S. O.L.S. Dept. of Indian Affairs. '05O.L..S., B.C.L.S. '01 O.L.S., M.L.S. May 23, '63 Sept. 13, '47 April 10. '48 Mar. 22, '64 May 8, '80 May 16, May 17, M.ay 1, Oct. 20, '70iFeb. 20, .Jan. Apr. Feb. Oct. Feb. '85. July 11, '35 April 14, '65iAug. 13, ■June 12, Jan. .Jan. Oct. Mar. Dec. Nov. '61 1 Feb. '78!Feb. "52, Nov. '861 May '66 Feb. 60 Feb. 21, 1'2, 15, 17, 25, 17, 17, B.C.L.S. Toptigraphical .Surveys Branch, Dept. of Interior O.L.S. O.L S. O.L.S. IO.L.S. B.CL.S., D.T.S. O.L.S. O.L.S., B.C.L.,S. Commiss'er of Irrigation O.L.S. O.L.S. Q.L..S., O.L.S. Dept. of Indian Affairs O.L.S., M.L.S. Q.L.S. B.C.L.S. Q.L..S. B.C.L.S. Deputy Minister of Public Works. M.L.S. O.L..S. Inspector of Sur- veys for Ontario. O.L.S. O.L.S., B.C.L..S. Q.L.S. Q.L.S. 56 depmitmf:\t of tiif. i'stf.rior APPENDIX No. \0— Concluded. 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 List of Uominion Land Surveyors who have been supplied with Standard Measures — Concluded. Name. Saunders, Bryce Johnston. . . Scott. Walter Alexander. . . . Seager, Kdniund Sewell, Henry DeQuincy. . . . Seymour, Horace Llewellyn. Shaw, Charles .Aeneas Sheply, Joseph Drunimond. . Smith, Charles Campbell Smith, Donald Alpine Smith, .Tames Herl)ert Speight, Thomas Bailey. . . . Starkey, Samuel M Steele, Ira .fohn Stewart, Elihu 'Stewart, Lionel Douglas N. . Stewart, Will Malcolm Stewart, Louis Beaufort . . . . Stewart, (ieorge Alexander . Stock, .lames .loseph Street, Paul Bishop Sunimers, Ciordon Foster. . . Talbot, Albert Charles Taylor, Alexander Ta5'lor, William Kinerson Teasdale, Charles Montgomery Thompson, William Thomas . . Tracy, Thomas Henry Tremblay, Alfied Joseph .... Turnbull, Thomas Tyrrell, James William Vaughan. ,7osephus W^yatt A'icais, .John Richard Odium. . . Waddell, William Henry Waldron. .John W^alker, Claude Melville Walker, Ernest Ward AVallace, James Nevin Warren, James Watt, George Herbert Weekes, Abel Seneca Weekes, Melville Bell Wheeler, Arthur Oliver White-Fraser, (ieorge W. R. M. Wiggins, Th as Hcnrv Wilkins, Vredenck W. "B Wilkinson, William Downing. . Willianjs. Guy Lome Woods, .loscph Edward Young, Walter Beatty Young, Willian) Howard .\ddress. Edmonton, Alta... Gait, Ont Kenora, Ont Toronto, Ont Edmonton, Alta. . Greenwood, B.C.. N. Battleford, Sask. Ottawa, Ont Claude, Ont Edmonton, Alta. . . Toronto, Ont Codys, N.B Ottawa, Ont Collingwood, Ont , . Collingwooeiik up Jordan river and about fifteen miles northwest of Revelstoke. There is an old trail leading up this stream, but it had not been used for years and was in very bad condition, necessitating much cutting. The valley is from a quarter to half a mile in width, with very st«ep, rocky slopes on both sides. There is much excellent cedar and hemlock in the valley and on some of the lower slopes, and also a most luxuriant growth of fern and devil's club. We succeeded in getting horses about nine miles up the stream and were then compelled to send thom back and proceed on foot, owing to the lack of pasture and the poor condition of the trails. From here we followed tlie Jordan, which turns north at this point, for abeut four miles. Here the old trail turns west up a narrow valley leading to some old mining claims. This trail we followed for about three miles through dense alder slides, and finally pitched camp about 500 feet above the valley on the north slopes of mount Copeland (9,700 leet). which we climbed the day following. A hole was drilled in the rock at the ccutre of the base of the cairn to receive the brass bolt usually used for marking stations, and a hole drilled for a reference bolt seven feet south. The cairn is five feet seven inches in diameter at the base and seven feet high, and was called signal XXXVIl. This trip occupied in all nine days. 25b— 5 66 UEPARTMEST OF THE lyTERIOR 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 On returning to Eevelstoke angles were read at the northeast comer of section 33, township 23, range 2, west of the sixth meridian, to connect the corner with mounts Mackenzie, Cartier, Begbie and Copeland. A trip was then made to the long tangent on the Arrowhead branch of the Canadian Pacific railway to find a suitable base for connecting mounts Mackenzie, Cartier and Begbie with the Dominion Lands surveys. On Julj- 3, a start was made for mount Begbie to the west of Revelstoke. Cross- ing Columbia river by the bridge at this point, we travelled south about four mile* by means of a settler's trail. From here the horses were sent back and we proceeded on foot about three miles farther south to the base of mount Begbie. Camp was ■pitched at night on the side of the mountain about 2,000 feet above the Columbia valley. Much to our delight, the following day was fine and beautifully clear. The mountain offered no difficulty and we were on the summit by nine o'clock. A cairn was erected, five feet in diameter at the base and eight feet seven inches high. In the rock at the centre of the cairn a hole was drilled to receive the brass bolt and four holes, each distant six feet from the central hole and bearing north, east, south rnd west respectively, were drilled for reference bolts. This cairn was designated as signal XXXVIII. The trip to this mountain and return occupied only three days. On returning from mount Begbie, preparations were at once made to visit the Incomappleux valley. Horses and outfit were shipped by train to Arrowhead and thence by boat to Beaton, a small village at the head of the Arrow lakes. From here an excellent wagon road leads up the river to the almost deserted village of Cam- borne, about six miles distant. On the way the road passes through a fine canyon about a mile in length. Ten years ago Camixjrne was one of the busiest mining camps in British Colum- bia, but now there are only three or four families remaining. Four mills have been built, but they are all lying idle and one, at least, is in ruins. The country is all divided into claims, but no work, other than assessment work, is being done. The ore is chiefly quartz-bearing free gold, and some very rich samples were shown to us by people living there. The valley above Camborne consists of a low flat about half a mile wide with steep mountain slopes on both sides. The bottom-land appears very fertile and would yield good crops if cultivated. There is much excellent cedar and hemlock in the bottom of the valley and on the lower slopes. On leaving Beaton, camp was taken to the mouth of Menhinnic creek-, about one mile above Camborne. At this point there is a bridge across Incomappleux river, making it a very convenient base of operations for work on either side. On the west side of the river, a trail starts up Menhinnic creek and then turns across the moun- tain, leading to several claims high up on the slopes, the highest being the ' Burniere ' near the edge of timber-line. This trail had been recently repaired and was in good condition. A good wagon road also leads up the west side of the river for several miles. About four miles above camp another trail leads up Sable creek to the Trilby basin. This is also a mining trail, but has not been used for some years and is in very bad condition. On the east side of the river therr,- is a good trail for about twelve miles. There are also several branch trails, one at Camborne leads up Poole creek to ' The Silver Dollar ' and other properties, about five miles farther up another trail leads up Lexington creek and a little farther on still another leads up the face of the mountain to a claim known as ' The Mammoth.' The main trail turns up Boyd creek, about twelve miles above Camborne. Some difliculty was experienced in finding a suitable station in this locality as signal XXYII, which it was necessary to see from this point, was placed on a shoulder of Xortli Albert peak. Eventuall.v a peak about 8,000 feet above sea-level, a little to the northwest of Camborne, was selected. A cairn five feet in diameter at the TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 67 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b base and eight feet seven inches high was erected. This was designated as signal XXXII. Two secondary cairns were also erected, one at the head of Trilby basin and another on Kelly peak, a high peak on the east side of Incomappleux river and ii short distance above Kelly creek. This trip occupied in all sixteen days. The weather was very warm and smoky, but it was singularly fortunate that the smoke cleared off every day we climbed. Leaving Camborne, we next moved to C-omaplix on the north shore of Arrow lake. This is a busy little lumbering town, the headquarters of one of the mills of the Bowman Lumber company. The smoke from a large fire across the lake was so dense that it was impossible to see any distance. Fortunately some heavy rains settled the smoke and we started for mount Sproat. Camp was taken by boat to a point about three miles west of Comaplis and thence up an old trail to a point about two thousand feet above the lake. Next day the summit was reached after a long and tedious climb. Owing to stoi-ms while on top it was impossible to do anything except build a cairn. This cairn was five feet six inches in diameter at the base, eight feet six inches high and was numbered signal XXXIII. During the ascent of this mountain we encountered on the upper slopes an old grizzly and two cubs. Next morning we returned to Comaplix, took the boat to Arrowhead and went by train to Eevelstoke, reaching there on the evening of July 26. On July 28, as it was very smoky with no indication of rain, we decided to revisit signal XXXV and erect the signal we were unable to build before. The signal was five feet in diameter at the base and eight feet two inches high. This trip occupied six days, during all of which time it was too smoky or cloudy to make any observations. On our return to Eevelstoke, we were again delayed some days by unfavourable weather. We then set out to place a signal on mount Cartier to take the place of the one formerly erected on mount llackenzie, which had proved to be unsatisfactory. Horses were taken to the end of the road about five miles south of Eevelstoke, and then the party proceeded on foot. The brush proved very bad and the distance greater than we had expected, so it was not until the afternoon of the following day that we reached timber-line below the peak. On the third day mount Cartier was ascended and angles read where possible. Owing to smoke and local thunder-storms no satis- factory results were obtained. This station was called signal XXXIV. It was marked by a brass bolt cemented in a hole drilled in the solid rock. The bolt was stamped with the number of the triangulation station, followed by a triangle having its apex at the centre of the head of the bolt. For reference points two iron bolts were cemented in holes drilled in the rock six feet north and south respectively of the geodetic point. Surrounding the permanent mark, a conical stone cairn was built, five feet in diameter at the base, one foot six inches in diameter at the top, and eight feet high. The cairn was placed in the position of the photographic station occupied by Mr. A. O. Wheeler in Ms topographical survey of the Selkirk range, 1901-1902. The return trip was made on the fourth day by way of what is known as ' the green slide.' This is a long open slope swept clear by frequent avalanches, and proved a very easy means of descent to the railway. From there we walked back to Eevelstoke, a distance of about nine miles. We next moved to Three Valley, a small lumbering town fourteen miles west of Eevelstoke, to establish a station on Griifin mountain, leaving the pack-train at Eevelstoke in charge of one of the men. Three days were lost through smoke and wet weather. On August 16 we started for the pe^k, commencing the ascent at a point on the railroad about a mile and a half west of Three Valley. Our path led up steep slopes which had been burned over many years ago and were nearly free from underbrush. Blueberries were found in great abundance. On reaching the summit of the ridge, we turned westward along the ridge until the highest point was reached. •25h— 5J 68 I>Ei:iRTME\T OF THE IXTERlOJf 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 Here a disappointment awaited us, for we found that a slightly higher peak, some distance south and on the same ridge, cut out everything in that direction. Accord- ingly we turned back and followed the ridge to the other peak, which we reached i.bout one o'clock, after a climlj of nine hours. Further delay followed on account of »!ouds, and it was nearly six o'clock before we started for camp. Fortunately it was r fine moonliglit night and we reached camp safely about half past nine. This mountain (signal XXXIX) although low, is excellently situated for a station. It was marked by a hole drilled in the solid rock. Over this hole a cairn was erected five feet in diameter at the base, two feet in diameter at the top, and nine feet two inches high. Craigellachie was then visited to ascertain the truth of certain rumours regard- ing a trail up the north fork of Eagle river and also of one up Queest mountain. We found that there was an old trail for about twenty miles up the north fork of the Eagle, but we could not find any up Queest mountain. The trail up Eagle river is lough and will require considerable chopping, but it will be very useful in establish- ing a station near the north limit of the railway belt north of that point. It was o7uginally built by lumber companies in order to get some of their limits surveyed. As the weather was still unfavourable and feed scarce, it was decided not to bring the horses, but to move to Salmon Arm and make use of the bad weather to locate a base line. On August 20 I went to Revelstoke and made arrangements for shipping horses and outfit to Salmon Arm. In the evening I returned to Craiarellacliie. and the following day moved to Salmon Arm. The remainder of the outfit diig river (northwest oi Mont Nebo), also around Witehikan, Birch and Meadow lakes. A good trail has been made recently from Battleford to ^Meadow lake which is about one hundred miles north of Battleford. Several ranchers have already taken advantage of the opportunities afforded them by these splendid ranching sections and have located there with numerous hands of horses and herds of cattle. A very marked increase of settlement is noticeable throughout great tracts of country, which a year ago had but few, if any, settlers. Houses have sprung up in every direction. Post-offices have been established, schools built and roads and trail improved, while a fair proportion of land has been put under cultivation. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRA\CH 99 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b APPENDIX No. 28. EEPOET OF F. II. KITTO. D.L.S. SURVEY AT ST. ALBERT SETTLEMENT, ALBERT.\. Ottawa. October 24, 1910. K. Demlle, Esq., LL.D., Survej-or Genera], Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report on miseellaueous surveys performed in and near St. Albert settlement. Alberta, during the past season. My work consisted of rerunning certain boundary lines in St. Albert settlement adjacent to Big lake and in townships 53, ranges 25 and 26, west of the fourth meri- dian, and in traversing part of Atim creek, in order to secure additional information required in issuing new plans of St. Albert settlement and adjacent townships. I left Ottawa on August 13, and reaching Edmonton I hired a light team and buekboard and prepared to leave for the field in the morning. I began on some scattered work in open country with one man to assist me, securing farm help for digging pits when needed. After completing the most scattered parts of the work I dispensed with the horses. I secured accommodation for myself and men at a farm house on lot E., St. Albert settlement, later moving to the Astoria hotel, St. Albert, and again to the Acme Brick company's boarding- house tiiree miles south in order to keep close to my work as it progressed. Transport was secured locally for moving our baggage from place to place, and this method was found both an economical and convenient substitute for a regular camp. After completing the work in open country thick second-growth bush was en- countered. I then sent to Edmonton for additional help, and had no trouble in getting more men. The work was done with all despatch, though the weather during this time happened to be very load, being the usual summer break-up. On lot E of the settlement was a market garden producing a most abundant crop of all our common vegetables. Harvesting was under way in the district and all crops were exceptionally good. On the large marsh about Big lake hay was being cut and would yield about three tons to the acre. Apparently this marsh and much of Big lake could be easily drained by dredging Sturgeon river below the village, thus opening up many sections of valuable land. First-class brick is being made in section 21 of township 53, range 25, by the Acme Brick company of Edmonton. Much of the land in the township appears to be held for speculation and is covered by second'growth woods. I completed my work on September 2, and on the following day returned to Edmonton and disbanded the party. I left for home on September 5. reaching Ottawa on the 9th. I have the honour to be. Sir, Your obedient servant. F. H. KITTO, D.L.S. 25b— 7i 100 DEPARTMEyT OF TBE IXTERIOIi 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 APPENDIX No. 29. ABSTRACT OF THE REPORT OF J. L. LAXG, D.L.S. SURVEYS IN SOUTHWESTERN ALBERTA. Leaving Cowley on June 13, I reached my first work in townships 7 and 8, range 5, west of the fifth meridian on the 16th, and was engaged there until tiie middle of July. About that time fires broke out, due to the excessive drought, and the whole party was engaged in fighting them for about three weeks. On August 11, I moved to township 6 and 7, range 4. These townships are very rough and packhorses had to be used for all the work done there. On October 5, I proceeded to township 5, range 4, where I worked till November 12. The frequent snowfalls then made work impossible, and I was forced to move out of the mountains. During the remainder of the season, until December 12, I was engaged on re- tracement work in townships 6 and 7, range 3, and townships 5 and 8, range 1. I also made a traverse of part of Oldman river in towmship 8, range 1. The outstanding feature of the district in which I was working is the coal de- posits- These seem to be widespread and of very great value. The principal com- panies are the International Coal and Coke company of Coleman and the West Canadian collieries of Blairmore. In addition to these there are several smaller companies, largely in a development stage, operating along the Crowsnest branch, and also a number of prospects usually some distance from the railroad. In the valley of the Southfork there are three properties being developed which have, apparently, great possibilities, together with numerous prospects of which little can be said save that they seem promising. Until a railroad is built up this valley these properties cannot of course be put on a shipping basis. A line has already been located, however, and it is understood that the road will be built shortly. In section 34, township 5, range 4. lie the remains of an oil company floated a year or two ago. Absolutely no prospecting work had been done; the machinery is lying on the ground as it was brought in, and there is no trace of oil to be found in the vicinity. The resting place of the machinery is known locally as ' The Oil Wells.' After the coal deposits, the principal natural resource of the district is the tim- ber, and tiis has been sadly depleted by fires. The southern part of township S, range 5, was burnt over some years ago; the northern part contains some very good timber, mainly spruce and jackpine, and lumbermen have been and are operating there. _Part of this, however, was burnt this summer. Township 7, range 5, contains some good timber, but is also being cut over. Township 7, range 4, was almost entirely burnt over some years ago, but there is still some good timber along its western boundary. Township 6, range 4, is very well timbered with large spruce, jackpine and scattered fir. The country south and southeast of this township appears also to be well wooded and to be yet untouched by fire or lumbermen. TOPOGJIAI'HICAL ^VnTETS BliASCH lOl SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b APPENDIX No. 30. ABSTRACT OF THE REPORT OF A. LIGHTHALL, D.L.S. SURVEYS IX THE NEW WESTMINSTER DISTRICT IX THE R.ilLWAY BELT OF BRITISH COLUMBIA. About April 16, 1910, I engaged my party at Vancouver and proceeded to lay out a piece of agricultural land cut off from timber berth Xo. 510 in township 6, range 7, west of the seventh meridian. This is situated at the head of the north arm of Burrard inlet and was reached by steamer from Vancouver. It is a flat alluvial strip of land in a narrow valley on the east of Mesliloet river. It will make a good jiece of fertile land when the stumps and underbrush are removed. On May 2 we moved camp to township 39, west of the coast meridian, to survey timber berth Xo. 535, comprising all of section 28. We reached that place by taking steamer to the British Columbia electric power plant on Burrard inlet and cross- ing to Buntzen lake. The berth lies on the side and top of a mountain about two thousand feet high, on the east shore of this lake. The land is too high and rough to be suitable for agricultural purposes, but a strip at the southerly end of the lake is being logged by the Patterson Lumber company. We next proceeded to Dewdney by rail and thence by wagon to Hatzic prairie, a strip of low wet land in a valley about a mile wide and extending north and south between Eraser river and Stave lake. We first ran some section lines on the east side of the valley in township 21, east of the coast meridian. The land here is heavily wooded and lies on a fairly steep hillside. A few settlors have taken up farms. The land in the bottom of the valley is good Where not too wet, and the many settlers seem to be doing fairly well in dairying and fruit-growing. We then subdivided about three thousand acres on the west side of the valley in sections 10, 16, 21, 28, 27 and 34. Here there is an extensive tract of bench land heavily wooded with second-growth fir, hemlock and cedar. Quite a number of settlers are located here, but have done little up to the present. When the land is cleared it will be valuable for fruit growing and dairying, the soil being a sandy loam with a gravelly subsoil. Wlien a new road is opened up the district will develop rapidly. Beaver are plentiful, their dams being found on all the small streams- Bears and deer were also seen. Xo minerals were found. The survey was continued north into township 4, range 3, west of the seventh meridian. The land here, which is lower and slopes towards Stave lake, is well settled, but much of it will be flooded when the power plant now under construction on this lake is completed. The occupations of the settlers are mixed farming and lumbering on a small scale. Our next work was in township 40, east of the coast meridian, where we surveyed timber berth Xo. 537. The land in this township south of Pitt river is known as ■ Pitt meadows.' It is low and flat and covered with hay and small brush. It will have to be dyked and well underdrained before it can be successfully farmed. This has been done on a great part of it and it is now an important dairying and stock- raising centre. The land to the north is rough and rocky and nearly all that is suit- able for agriculture has been homesteaded or taken up as timber berths. A stone- quarry is in operation in section 22 ; the stone is shipped to Xew Westminster. We then moved to the head of Pitt lake and surveyed timber berth Xo. 537, on Scott creek, a swift-flowing stream, about thirty feet wide and two feet deep, empty- ing into Pitt lake from the east, about a mile from the head of the lake. The timber 102 DEPARTMEXT OF TUE ISTERIOJl 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 liere is about the best I Lave seeu, fir, cedar and hemlock growing to enormous sizes. The timber can be easily taken out as the land all slopes to Scott creek. (Considerable water-power could be developed on this creek. About fifty or seventy-five acres of land will be available for agriculture when the timber has been removed. Our last work was in township 41, east of the coast meridian. This township is fractional and consists of four sections in the valley of Silver creek. The land is mostly low, flat prairie, flooded at high water. By dyking and draining it can be made into good dairying or grain-growing land. The party disbanded at Westminster Junction on November 22. TOPOGRAPniCAL si RTEYS BRAXCH 103 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b APPENDIX No. 31. IIEPORT or G. J. LOXERGAN, D.L.S. INSPECTIOX SURVEYS IX ALBERTA. Buckingham. Quebec, February 18, 1911. E. Deville, Esq.. LL.D., Surveyor General, Ottawa. Sm, — -I have tlie lionour to submit the following: report on inspection and miscel- laneous surveys carried on in the Edmonton district last season. I left Ottawa on April 20 for Edmonton and arrived there on the 25th. After spending a few days organizing my party and purchasing supplies, I started for Clover Bar to make a restoration survey of the east boundary of sections 18 and 19, township 53, range 23, west of the fourth meridian. After a little difficulty this matter was settled to the satisfaction of all parties. Clover Bar in the winter time may be reached by a short route from Edmonton, but in the summer the only way is by Strathcona, this making a somewhat lengthy way for the farmers to haul their produce to market, which could be avoided by placing a ferry at or near the Grand Trunk Pacific railway bridge; in connection with this matter I might say that it is regrettable that the government did not come to some terms with the railway company So that a traffic and railway bridge could have been built in one. as has been done at Fort Saskatchewan. I would like to mention that Clover Bar is one of the most fertile sections of Alberta. It would require but a short drive through the country to satisfy the most skeptical that farming in this part is as profitable an occupation as a man could apply himself to. After completing the work at Clover Bar I moved to township 5", range '28, for restoration surveys required in that township: I travelled on the graded roads from Edmonton to St. Albert, thence in a westerly direction along the north shore of Sturgeon river and around Big lake, crossing the Michael Calahoo Indian reserve. This country is very rolling and covered with poplar from four to ten inches, and a thick growth of scrub ; the soil in most places is clay, or clay and gravel mixed. Although this township is not more than thirty miles west of Edmonton, the land has but recentl.v been taken up, and it is not yet safe to speculate on the success of Ihe settlers. However, judging from the way they have started hog-raising, they appear to be a people up to the times, and are looking after their share of easily- earned money. My next work after completing the survey- in this township was in township 53, range 3, To get there I went almost straight east, passing through the Beaver hills, ri rolling and timbered country. In every direction we could see a settler's shack, and here and there more successful farmers were living in houses that woidd com- pare favourably with the average farmhoiise to be seen in either Quebec or Ontario. Leaving the hills we t'ame out in the wide open iwairie at the town of Tofield. Here i« exemplified in a striking manner the feelings and ideas of the westerner that noth- ing is impossible. Acting on this idea they have shifted their town around on three different sites. However, judging from^ the buildings they are now putting up they appear to have decided to remain stationary for the future. Moving east from here to Vermilion, you pass through a town, then a thickly- settled farming district; the settlers getting gradually farther and farther apart, then 104 DEPARTMEyT OF THE lyTEItlOR 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 . the district becoming gradually more thickly settled till you finally come into the next town, and so on from town to town; good graded roads are found on either side of the towns, and between them the old travelled trails. We camped at night near farmhouses where the owners, with happy and con- tented minds and a great faith in the future, were generally speculating on the num- ber of bushels to the acre, the price, and if they could afford to go east this year to see their friends or wait till next year. Completing this survey I moved to Hewitt Landing and started in a northerly direction to Cold lake to commence the inspection of survey contracts. We arrived at Cold Lake Indian reserve on July 15, and at the Roman Catholic mission I visited one of the best vegetable gardens that I ever saw in any part of Canada. Everything in that line was growing luxuriantly, and not a weed was to be found inside the boundary fence. The reserve has a black loam soil, varying in depth from ten to thirty inches, but little farming is carried on by the Indians. However, the govern- ment is starting an Indian farm and last summer had two hundred and fifty acres broken. This, no doubt, will be an incentive for the Indians, as game is getting scarcer every year and now the reserve is almost surrounded by white settlers. We forded Beaver river and moved north to Cold lake, where about a dozen families are settled. The soil is good for at least eight or ten miles around the south and west parts of the lake, and the lake itself is teeming with whitefish, jack- fish and trout. One evening the men caught about two hundred and fifty pounds of the latter, which we salted and brought with us for future use. From Cold lake we moved westward to lac la Biche. The soil between the lakes is suitable for farming purposes except a strip about ten miles wide near Punic creek or Sand river as it is known in the district. On this strip are rolling sand-hills and tamarack swamps. A very good country is to be found around Beaver lake, which, I might say, is covered in most places with four to eight-inch poplar and scattered spruce; the latter runs from eight to twenty inches in diameter, but is not found in sufficiently large quantities to warrant the establishment of a sawmill, although there is ample for the requirements of settlers. My survey party was the first to open a trail from Cold lake to lac la Biche. La Biche settlement, one of the oldest in the west, has not improved or changed in the last ten years. This is not to be accounted for by a poor soil or climate, but is due to the settlers themselves. They are half- breeds and not inclined to follow agriculture. Fishing, hunting and freighting give quicker returns for their labour and they are always in want of money so earned. White settlers have not yet started to settle the district, the reason for which, I believe, is the roundabout way to get there from Edmonton, the natural landing place for all newcomers. They would have to go first to Saddle lake, thence north a hundred miles, making about two hundred miles in all, while in a direct line the distance does not exceed one hundred and ten miles. No doubt when railways are constructed in that district it will soon be settled, and many more acres will be added to those under cultivation in the province. Settlement is somewhat retarded along the north shore of the Saskatchewan from Edmonton eastward, and apparently the cause is the distance from a railroad and the difficulty of marketing produce. I do not hesitate to say that a railway must be built, and built soon, from Battleford west, as the country is too large and fertile to remain idle much longer. Leaving lac la Biche we went westward over a very bad road to Athabaska Land- ing. The trail follows Pine creek for a distance of seven or eight miles and there passes through a large colony of negroes. From the Landing I went north, following the Lesser Slave lake trail. This road is in poor condition and the future traffic to the north country would warrant the spending of considerable money for its improve- ment. There are practically no settlers north of Athabaska river, although the country is fairly good agricultural land. A few large tamarack swamps that may be TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRAyCH 105 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b easily drained will make as good a country as man would want to live in. I re- turned the way I went to a distance of about thirty miles south of the Landing, where I turned straight east to examine six contracts. I borrowed a pack outfit from another surveyor and started with sis weeks' supply of provisions. The country south of township 61 and west of range 17 is practically tamarack swamp; the remainder will maJie good farm land, but at present it is covered with poplar or scrub and a few patches of spruce. The soil consists of a few inches of black loam with a clay sub- soil. The inspectiop of these contracts completed, I returned to Edmonton, placed my horses in winter quarters and with a small party went by trail to Olds. Here I en- gaged a couple of teams and went west to inspect townships 31 and 32, ranges 6 and 7, west of the fifth meridian. These townships are well up in the foot-hills and con- sequently very hilly and rolling with practically no wagon trails leading to them; uevertheless, the settlers here seem to be more enthusiastic about a railway being built through their territory than those of other parts of the province. They insisted on showing us the easy location through their quarter sections and did not regard the high hill at one end of their proposed railway and the deep ravine at the other as obstacles; in fact, they are only interested u\ having the station conveniently close to their shacks. After completing this inspection I returned to Olds, left the horses with their owner, and took the train back to Edmonton. Here I stored my outfit, discharged tlie remainder of my party, and left for home, arriving at Ottawa December 12, I have the honour to be. Sir, Your obedient servant, G. J. LONERGAN. D.L.S. 106 DKPARTHEyT OF THE lyTEUIOE 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 APPENDIX No. 32. ABSTRACT OF THE EEPORT OF C. F. MH.ES, D.L.S. INSPECTION OF CONTR.\CT Sl.K\EYS NEAR BATTLEFORD AND MISCELLANEOUS SURVEYS IN SAS- K.\TCHEWAN AND SOUTHERN ALBERTA. I left Toronto on May 17, 1910, for Maple Creek, south of which place I conv- meneed work, reinspeeting: contract No. 8 of 1909. Establishing the remaining monuments in township 24, range 4, west of the third nieridian, was accomplished by the 23rd, and on the following day we left for Maple Creek, arriving there on May 30. After outfitting there, we left again for Battle Creek post-office, and thence started for section 31. township 3, range 28. in ^fr. Kimpe's contract ISTo. 8 of 1909, arriving there on June 2.- I completed the reinspeetion here on the 3rd and the following morning started for township 3, range 3, west of the fourth meridian. I reinspected a block of four sections there, completing the work on the morning of June 7. when we left for the Hooper and Huckvale ranch on Manyberries creek, passing on our way the Penlan ranch, where we saw a number of horses, but no cattle. Xorth of this ranch several new settlers' shacks were passed, and quite a few new houses were observed at a distance to the north. Owing to the late and dry spring, the outlook for the new settlers did not appear propitious, and I was credibly informed that several contemplated moving to another section of the country where the rainfall is somewhat heavier than in this southern country. I have stated in previous reports that I consider the country along the international boundary fit only for horse and cattle ranching; nevertheless, home- steaders crowd in there, break up the land and then abandon it as being too dry. After the land is broken up it is fit for nothing, the native nutritious grasses being exterminated and a rank growth of weeds taking their place. From there we travelled on to section 9, township 8, range 8, passing Spring lake on the way in the vicinity of whicli there are several sheep camps. One of these belonging to ilr. Young aggregates 10,000 head of sheep. His main winter camps sire in the vicinity of lake Pakowki. We completed the reinspeetion of contract Xo. 8 of 1009 on June 11, and on the following morning started on our return across country, passing through a fairly well-settled country towards Maple Creek. On the arrival of my outfit there on June 15 we stopped over a day to lay in a supply of provisions and engage a few more men, then left for township 14, range 25, west of the third meridian, where I was to make a restoration survey of several town- ships around Bigstick lake. From the valley of Maple creek north, the country is well settled, the soil con- sisting principally of a sandy loam, but on approaching the lake it becomes lighter until in the immediate vicinity of the lake to the southeast and east it becomes almost pure Sand and shifting sand-hills. Cattle and horse ranching is carried on liere on a limited scale. Though the soil is light the vegetation appeared to be of a fairly \igorous growth. Although the vegetation here was more luxuriant than in the south, yet the short grasses of the south are much preferred by cattle and seem to contain greater fatten- ing qualities. TOPOGRAPHICAL SVRVEYH BKAXCH 107 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b I closed my work here, leaving the northerly one-third of township 15, range 25, undone, and started for Maple Creek on July 11 with the intention of shipping my outfit and horses by rail to Prince Albert. I arrived at Prince Albert on the 15th, but had to wait for the car containing the wagons, harness, &c., until the 22nd, an exceptional^' long time between Maple Creek and Prince Albert. However, I hired some teams to take us out to township 48, range 27, west of the second meridian, where my restoration surveys were to commence. I noticed a gradual improvement in crops and verdure generally after leaving Maple Creek. From an agricultural point of view, the soil on the prairie, more particularly in southern Saskatchewan, is generally composed of a stiff clay, verging on hardpan, whereas the soil in a bluffy or wooded country has a greater or less covering of vege- table n-.atter or humus, making the latter more productive than the former. The latter is frequently underlaid by a light sandy soil, which, while producing more luxuriant vegetation, does not demand the same amount of humidity as the heavier clay soils. From Prince Albert I first moved west, north of Saskatchewan river. It is nearly all wooded, except where fires have destroyed the timber: there is a great deal of jack- pine, which indicates a light sandy soil. Near the banks of the river vegetation is generally more exuberant in growth, and the soil, although sometimes light, is over- laid by a covering of decomposed vegetable matter. A few settlers are scattered along the north side near the river, but on the trail loading to Shellbrook there are miles of sandy stretches covered with jackpine and unfit for settlement. A railway is constructed from Prince Albert to Shellbrook, Init uo regular trains were running at the time. Wlien once in operation it will probably result in opening up the good country said to be in the Shellbrook district. After completing the resurvey of fractional townships 4>5, ranges 27 and 2S, I moved eastward, passing Prince Albert along an old trail, fair in places, but rather rough where cut through the woods in township 49, range 21. I completed the resurvey of this township on September 0, and after making a traverse survey of Badger island, which is thickly wooded and is a part of this town- ship, I returned to Xorth Battleford, going by the Canadian Xorthern railway from Prince Albert. My outfit arrived at Xorth Battleford on September 15. and after repairing wagons, shoeing horses and purchasing supplies we left Xorth Battleford on the morning of the 17th, taking the Jackfish lake trail for the scene of my inspection work in the vicinit.y of Turtle lake. Xorth Battleford, altogether distinct from old Battleford. lies on the north side of Saskatchewan river and is a growing town and separate municipality. It has outstripped old Battleford, south of the river, and has a population of about 1.500. Anything a settler may require can be purchased there, and this town seems destined to become the distributing point for a large district to the north. So far it is the only place of any importance on the north side of the river, being always accessible, regardless of the state of the river, A good traffic bridge spans the river from the north town to the south town, being a drive of about three miles, whereas by rail the distance is about fifteen miles. After travelling for about thirty miles along the old surveyed trail, running northwesterly from Xorth Battleford and nearly parallel to a branch of the Canadian Xorthern railway, we touched the western shore of Jackfish lake, a large sheet of water, slightly alkaline, where quite a little settlement has sprung up with the ex- rectation of this becoming a future summer resort. 108 DEPAllTMEXr OF THF. lyTERIOR 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 At Jaekfish lake we left the old surveyed trail, which continued northwesterly to the Onion Lake Indian reserve and mission, and followed the trail that runs in a more northerly direction called the Turtle lake trail. The country in this vicinity- seems very well suited for farming. Brush and scrub became more frequent as we proceeded north, and when at last we reached the vicinity of Turtle lake we entered almost solid bush. On the south half of section 26, township 52, range 19, at the outlet of Turtle lake, there is a store or trading place kept by a Mr. Warner, an old trapper and trader. From the outlet of the lake one follows a narrow Indian wagon road, cut northerly through the bush on the west side of the lake to township 54, range 19, west of the third meridian, this being a part of contract No. 9 of 1910. This township and the whole of this contract may be more easily reached from the south by a trail that runs westerly from Warner's store on section 26, and thence westerly and northerly east of Brightsand lake. In the westerly part of this township there are some openings, the timber having- been cleared oif by repeated fires, but north from here it is nearly all solid bush. The open parts may be made available for homesteads almost at once, and on th& northeast side of Brightsand lake up to range 24, township 54, there are areas of open country, but northerly it is more densely wooded. Trails to Loon lake and to Meadow lake, north and northeast of these contracts, pass through these townships, and are travelled principally by Indians and half-breeds who are settled on those lakes. At Meadow lalte there are said to be a number of settlers, principally half-breeds, and also a couple of trading posts. These trails in the fall were in a very fair condition, but in the spring or in a wet season there must be many places too soft to pass through with wagons. The soil is mostly a black loam, averaging only about three inches in depth, the subsoil varying from white sand to sandy and white clay and hardpan. Wherever openings are found they are adapted to immediate settlement. Many trails, that may be utilized in the future by incoming settlers, have been opened out in this district by contract surveyors. Westerly from range 23 a great many lakes and ponds are found. There are said to be fish in some of them, more particularly I may mention Ministikwan lake in township 58, range 25, on the north side of which there is a newly-surveyed Indian reserve where the Indians were catching whitefish. In some townships to the north, thousands of tons of hay may be cut in the meadows and man.y haystacks were seen that had been put up by the Indians for stockmen who were driving their cattle in from the south. Part of this district might be an ideal cattle country, providing the flies were not too troublesome. Domesticated cattle would suffer terribl.v in a bad or wet season, as at times the little black-fly the worst pest, and the large bulldog fly would become imbearable unless the animals were properly protected with smudges and had sheds for shelter. Range cattle may possibly be more hardy, and may be better able to withstand the plague of flies and mosquitoes. Cattle, ranging on the open prairie, have not the black-fly to harass them. The past season- neither mosquitoes nor black-flies were so numerous, but the latter lasted long into the cold weather, even after several severe frosty nights. This part of the country is not yet ready for immediate settlement on account of its being almost entirely covered with dense bush or brush. We finished the inspection work of contracts Nos. 8 to 13 on November 14, and niy party broke up camp and started for Onion Lake mission or settlement on the following day. After completing the subdivision of the dry bed of ifany Island lake near Walsh, I closed operations for the season on December 14. TOPOGRAPHKXL HIRTFAS BRXyCH 109 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b APPENDIX No. 33. EEPORT OF R. D. McCAW, D.L.S. EXAIIINATIOX OF LANDS IX THE RAILWAY BELT, BRITISH COLUMBIA. Calgary, February 16, 1911. E. Demlle, Esq., LL.D., Surveyor General, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report regarding my operations during the past season in connection with the examination of lands in the Kamloops district of British Columbia. On May 9 I began the necessary preparations for the season's work, and shipped to Savona, B.C., the packhorses and outfit provided for my own party. I left Cal- ^gary on May 12 and stopped off at Kamloops to make arrangements for different items, proceeding to Savona on the llth. My first camp was located on Three-mile creek, about five miles southeast of Savona, and examination started in the immediate vicinity. In the meantime I had received word that A. V. Chase, of Orillia, Ontario, had been appointed to take charge of a sub-party which I was to have, and I proceeded to get a party and outfit ready to place in his charge. With this intent I went to Kamloops and engaged a cook and one man, and also Iirocured part of the camp outfit. On May 2-t I went to Calgary to ship packhorses. Owing to delays in getting the horses from Logan's ranch and in getting a car for shipping, I was detained until May 31. On the 30th I had shipped the horses and other necessaries for the outfit in charge of J. E. Smith, whom I had engaged as packer. I reached Kamloops to find that one man whom I had engaged did not put in an appearance, so engaged another and proceeded to Savona on the morning of June 2, and finding that Smith had arrived with the car, at once proceeded with the outfit to my own camp. During my absence my assistants took charge of the work which I had laid out for them before my departure, and Mr. Chase arrived in camp on May 30. Camp was then moved to Tunkwa lake and Mr. Chase was assigned a party and outfit to commence examination in that vicinity, working upon the instructions I had received. I then moved my camp south to the junction of Guichon creek and Meadow creek and commenced examination in that vicinity. I then directed my movements westerly through Highland valley along Witches brook and Pukaist creek to Thompson river. I had made arrangements with Mr. Chase whereby he would conduct the examination in townships IS, ranges 21 and 22, and also north of the cor- rection line between townships 18 and 19 to Thompson river. South of this and as far as Nicola river I examined personally, aud visited Mr. Chase's camp on June 24 to see how he was progressing. On the 30th I moved camp to Spence's Bridge. Owing to there being no road for part of the way from Spatsum to Spence's Bridge on the east side of the river, I was compelled to send the wagons to Spence's Bridge via Ashcroft and the road on the west side of the river. Work was then proceeded with on the north side of K'icola river. Camps were located at convenient intervals along the river. The examination was concluded in this area on July 30. 110 DEPARTMEyr OF THE IXTEHIOR 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 On Monday, August 1, I started to move towards Long Lake Forest reserve. It took me three days to make tlie trip and locate a camp. The move was made via Lower Nicola and the Nieola-Savona road along Guichon creek and by a settler's road along Meadow creek into township 17, range 20. By previous arrangement between Mr. Chase and myself it was agreed that he should continue the examination between the fifth correction line and the Thompson valley east to the west limit of Mr. 'Wlieeler's e.xaniination of 1909. while I continued the work south of that correction line to the said west limit of ^Ir. Wheeler's ex- amination. . From August 4 until the 31st I was engaged upon examination in townships 17 and 18 in ranges 18, 19 and 20. Camp was moved along a settler's road following Meadow creek to Trout lake, and then along the graded road constructed from Kam- loops to Trout lake. During my stay in this vicinity we had a number of rainy days pnd experienced the colde-st weather during the season, the thermometer registering as low as eleven degrees towards the end of the month. On August 22, in accordance with instructions from me, !Mr. Chase met me in Kamloops and I assigned further work for his party in the Monte Ilills and Martin iiountain Forest reserves and lands adjoining that were unexamined. When the work of examination was completed by me in the Long Lake Forest reserve area, I proceeded to the Xiskonlith Forest reserve via Kandoops, and com- menced work in that vicinity from a camp located in the northeast corner of township 20, range 15. The next main camp was located near Louis lake, and I then moved to the northeast corner of township 21, range 15, locating my camp beside Louis creek on September 27. From this date on rain and snow greatly retarded work in this locality, so much so that I was losing time. Feed for the horses was getting scarce and I could not procure hay from the settlers. Taking these matters into considera- tion, I decided that the work of examination to the north of Niskonlith reserve not already done could not be made at that season, so on October 11 I moved my camp to Kamloops en route to Tranquille Forest reserve, where I knew there was feed for the horses and less wet weather in that locality at this time of the year. On October 13 I located a camp near a small lake in section 34, township 21, range 18, and commenced work in the Tranquille Forest reserve and vicinity. From this camp work was done north and northeast, closing on my examination of 1909 under the direction of A. O. Wheeler, D.L.S. The last main camp was located at Watching creek near the south limit of Tranquille Forest re5erve on October 29. In * accordance with instructions given him to join me when he had completed examina- tion in the Monte Hills and Martin Mountain reserve and vicinity, ilr. Cbase arrived at my camp on November 9 and assisted me in the remaining work that could be done during the remainder of the season. Snow greatly hindered the work during Novem- ber and I broke up camp on November 21 as it was becoming impossible to accom- plish a full day's work. I paid off all the men except Mr. Chase and the two packers, and on November 23 shipped a car with horses, pack-saddles, &c., to Calgary in charge of one of the packers. I arrived in Calgary on the evening of the 24th, and the car with the horses arriving on the 26th I sent them out to Logan's ranch in charge of the packers, where I had procured winter quarters for them. The packers were paid off on the 28th upon their return from Logan's. Many times during the season it was exceedingly difficult to obtain feed for the horses. Pasture was poor and the hay crop a partial failure. Often in order to feed the horses I was compelled to pay high prices for pasture and hay. In conducting the examination the methods employed were similar to those used by Mr. Wheeler in his previous work of examination. When the lands examined were situated within surveyed territor.v the survey lines were traced out and sections traversed in such a manner that an intelligent TOPOGRAPHICAL SURTETS SRASCH HI SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b report could be prepared describing the lands. In unsurveyed territory traverses and approximate production of the township subdivision lines were made to locate the areas reported on. Traverses used as bases for examination were either run out by compass and chain or with stadia. Throughout, in examination, lines were dependent on box compasses for direc- tion and pacing for distance, with the assistance of tally-registers. Elevations were referred to sea-level and were determined by means of aneroid barometers carried in the field by the examiners and compared for fluctuation of atmospheric pressure with stationary aneroids in camp which were read every two hours throughout the day. Elevations along the Canadian Pacific railway and other elevations on the Kamloops and Sicamous sheets according to James White, F.R.G.S., Geographer, were used as authority for altitudes. Records of maximum and minimum temperatures were taken throughout the season. The report of A. V. Chase, D.L.S.. who had charge of the sub-party is annexed. I have the honour to be. Sir, Tour obedient servant, R. D. ilcCAW, D.L.S. REPORT OF A. V. CHASE, D.L.S., OX (.Pl'ERATIONS IN' EXA.MIXATIOX OF LAXDS IX KAJILOOPS OLSTRICT, 1910 Calgary, January 26, 1911. K. D. McCaw, Esq., D.L.S.. Calgary, Alta, Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report on my operations in ex- : mination of land in the Kamloops district during the months of June to November, inclusive, season, 1910, In compliance with the instructions of the Surveyor General to report to you at Savona, B.C., I left Orillia. Ont., on May 25 and reached Savona on M'ay 30. On the arrival there of your packer I proceeded at once with him to your camp on Three- mile creek the same day. As work from that camp was then about completed. I waited for your arrival with my party and outfit on June 2. After completing the distribution of men, outfits and supplies I moved camp to Tunkwa lake in township 19, range 21, west of the sixth meridian, on June 3, where 1 commenced work for the season examining lands convenient thereto. On June 15 I moved camp into Guichou creek valley to a point near the north- east corner of section 19, township 18, range 21, and examined the lands in and adjacent to this valley, using this as a main camp for most of the work, which was completed from a flying camp in the valley just south of the township. On June 24 I moved the main camp to a point near Divide lake in Highland valley, leaving one tent and two assistants to complete the work in Guichon creek valley, which they did, and arrived at main camp on the following day. As the country to the north of Highland valley is very high and of little value, only a few days wore necessary to examine and describe it, so I was able to complete this part from two other camps in Highland valley and move camp to Spatsum on July 5. From here work was continued along the bench land on Thompson river and back into the mountains to the east. As there was no feed for the ponies in the eight-mile 112 DEPARTMEST OF THE IXTERIOR 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 stretch between Spatsum and ThoHipsoii's ranch on lot 95, and no drinking water <'xcept at these points and in Thompson river, these places were used as camping grounds for examination of this locality. On July 15 I moved camp to the north end of Barnes lake and continued ex- amination of lands in the vicinity of Ashcroft and to the southeast, moving up Barnes creek to examine lauds to the southeast and adjacent to Glossy mountain, on July 20. From here work was continued easterly examining undisposed-of lands to the south of Thompson river to close on work done in the vicinity of Savona in the beginning of the season. This portion was completed and our tirst camp on Tliree- mile creek again reached on August 6. Thence work was continued eastward examin- ing lands undisposed of between the fifth correction line and Thompson river, in- cluding lands in the Long Lake Forest reserve and timber berths Nos. 420 and 330, and as far east as the lands included in the examination by A. O. \\'^heeler. in 1909. On August 21 I left camp en route for Kamloops to meet and confer with you on further work, and having done so, returned and reached camp on the 23rd. This portion of the work was finished on September 13. On the 14th I moved camp to Bulman's ranch at the north end of Trapp lake en route for the Monte Hills Forest reserve. Some little delay was here experienced, through the difiiculty of finding any one who could direct me to convenient trails iind none seemed to know the whereabouts of old survey lines, ilr. Bulman being absent from his ranch at the time. However, on September 16 camp was established in township 17, range 16, near the south end of Roche lake, and work was commenced, the boundaries of the reserve traced out and examination of lands begun. On acount of the sharp and continued rise to eastward and the thick growth of small jackpine through which it was impossible to travel at much greater speed than one-half mile per hour, I found it necessary to cut out a traverse line to use as a base for operations in the interior, there being no lines surveyed within the boundaries in this part However, on September 27 the traverse line was completed, and on account of the altitude and nature of the country little detailed examination was necessary in this locality and the work was completed in the southwest portion of the reserve on October 3. On October 4 camp was moved to a point east of Fish lake and north of the reserve. Similar proceedings were necessary here, but great assistance was rendered by J. A. Bleeker, a rancher, who went to much trouble to show us the trails in this part and the lines surveyed in the locality. Examination of the northwest part was completed, and moving to the eastern part of the reserve was commenced on October 18. The wagon, which my packer had brought from your camp, proved of great assistance here as the pack ponies seemed unable to stand continued long moves for more than three or four days at a time, and it would have been impossible to move our outfit and fresh supply of provisions all at one time on our jwnies alone. With the help of the wagon the move to Monte lake was accomplished in thi-ee days with- out any loss of time. Camp was established at the south end of Monte lake on October 20 and examination of the eastern part of the reserve commenced. On account of the altitude and nature of the country here little detailed examination was necessary except in the southeast part, and the whole was completed on October 2S. Camp was moved and examination of the Martin ^Mountain Forest resen'e com- menced on the east side on October 31, the examination of the same being completed on the west side on November 3. In accordance with your instructions, I commenced the move to Kamloops on TMovember 4, en route for the Tranquille Forest reserve to join you and assist in the completion of such work as could he done there before the close of the season. I arrived at your main camp on Watching creek on November 9, being delayed one day en route getting supplies for the remainder of the season. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 113 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b Great trouble was experienced throughout in providing feed for the pack ponies. In a great many localities grazing was burnt out or eaten off completely. Many settlers did not have enough hay for their own use, and the result was that I was compelled to buy much feed and pay rather high prices at times. I have the honour to be, Sir, Your obedient servant, A. V. CHASE, D.L.S. 25b— 8 H4 DEPARTME^iT OF I'llE ISTERIOR 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 APPENDIX No. 34. ABSTRACT OF THE REPORT OF J. B. McFARLANE, D.L.S. SURVEYS IN THE BRAZE.\U DISTRICT IN SOUTHWESTERN ALBERTA. I left Edmonton on April 5 and reaohed Prairie Creek on the 22nd. As the trails to the head of MeLeod river were still blocked with snow we surveyed nine miles of line around Prairie Creek settlement. We reached ' Indian Grave ' near Southesk river in township 43, range 21, west of the fifth meridian, on May 5. and from there proceeded ''e eleventh base line. While producing- this base line across range 19 on May 11, .vi> had a snowfall of ten inches, which, added to the snow still deep in the ravines, made progress rather slow. During June and July we were engaged on subdivision work in townships 39 and 40, ranges 16 and 17. These townships can be reached by a trail along Saskatche- wan river from Red Deer or Laeombe via Rocky Mountain House. There is also a pack-trail from Laggan through the mountains. This district is valuable only for its coal deposits, as the short season with frost and snow every montli renders agricultural pursuits impossible. That ranching could be carried on is doubtful, as gi-ass is scarce, except in some of the valleys, where it would be difficult to cut on account of the willow growing among it. However, some Indian ponies and cattle were seen which had wintered out. The country is generally rough, and the Saskatchewan valley crossing township 39, range 16, in a northeasterly direction is bounded by high hills on either side. The Bighorn mountains occupy a larg^ part of township 40, range IT. and these are sur- rounded by high rocky hills. The soil varies from sand and fine clay, gravel and stones, to solid rock, and the loam on top is usually thin. The land is covered for the most part with scrubby timber, but it is more ojien along Saskatchewan river. A few small areas of good spruce timber are located in the west and north parts of township 40, range 16. Water is plentiful in the numerous creeks. Power might be developed from the rapids on some of the creeks, but the only distinctly valuable natural power is at the ' Falls ' on Bighorn river. This consists of two falls, the upper fifty-one feet and the lower thirty-four feet, and only a few chains apart. Wood fuel is plentiful and coal outcrops were seen over a considerable area. No stone-quarrios are opened and no minerals were noticed. The game consists cliieH.v of deer, black bears, a fairly plentiful supply of partridges, a few beaver and other fur-bearing animals. We left Bighorn river on July 26 by the well-worn trail to the north and camped near the twelfth base in range 21 on August 1. Here we ran the twelfth base across ranges 21 and 22 and the outlines of township 4.'), range 22; we also subdivided a large portion of this township and ran seven miles in the southwest corner of town- ship 46, range 22. This district is reached b.y pack-trails along Embarras river, thence to Brazeau and Southesk rivers, or by going up McLeod river and following either its easterly or its main branch, or again by travelling from Prairie Creek to the ilcLeod and thenee along this river. This latter route was used as it avoids many crossings of the McLeod and is more convenient to places where feed can be bought. This district is unsuitable for agriculture on account of the short season, with frost and snow every month, and is chiefl.v valuable for its coal deiwsits. some of which are of considerable size. Veins have been opened twenty and twenty-four feet TOPOGRAPHrCAL SURTEYS BRANCH 115 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b thick and yield a fair quality of soft coal which, it is stated, will coke. The country is mostly rough with many rocky hills; a mountain range crosses the middle of the west boundary of township 46, range 22, running southeasterly across the northeast corner of township 45, range 22, then dropping in altitude in the next range. Bare hills above timber-line cross the west and south boundaries of township 45, range 22. The valleys not drained by large creeks or rivers are usually very soft muskeg so that trails are bad in some places. The svirface is mostly covered with small jackpine and spruce, and though some places are valuable for tie timber, the trees are usually too small for lumbering purposes. A patch of spruce of good quality, but not very large in extent, stretches partly up both sides of the mountain on the east boundary of township 45, range 22. There is no hay, but a number of meadows producing ' bunch-grass ' afford good pasture all summer. Tnese meadows are all formed by creeks, usually running underground and flooding the meadows after rains or when snow melts. Water is plentiful and fresh in the numerous creeks. It rained twenty- three days in August, the rain usually turning to snow, especially in the latter part of the month. In September and October also a great deal of wet snow fell. Creeks and rivers have rapid fall so that power might be developed by dams. Wood fuel is everywhere plentiful as well as coal. No stone-quarries are opened nor were any minerals of economic value seen. Game consists of deer, caribou, mountain-sheep, hears and a few small fur-bearing animal.?. ■ On account of the great amount of snow I was obliged to close my operations for the season on October 21. I arrived in Edmonton on November 3, where I dis- banded and paid off my men. 25b— SJ lie DEPARTMEXT OF THE INTERIOR 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 APPENDIX No. 35. ABSTRACT OF THE EEPOIIT OF GEORGE M'cMILLAN, D.L.S. SURVEY OF P.VIiTS OF THE SIXTEENTH, SEVENTEENTH AND TWENTIETH BASES WEST OF THE SIXTH MERIDI.Uf. I left Edmonton March 18, and crossed the Athabaska on March 23. This was the last crossing made on the ice that spring, and at the Landing we had to exdiange our sleighs for wagons. Grouard was reached April 3, but we were delayed at Little Prairie by sickness in the party and because the ferry at Peace River Crossing was not running until April 26. Saskatoon lake was reached on May 5, and our starting point on the seventeenth base on May 26. The survey was begun in the middle of range 9 where the rise to Nose mountain begins. This mountain is simply a hill higher than any of the surrounding hills. It is a series of three crescent-shaped ridges with the concave sides facing north. It is about four miles long from east to west, and twelve miles north and south. On the north slope, which is timbered, many small streams rise which converge about four miles north, and flowing northwesterly through a valley six hundred feet deep empty into Nose creek about twelve miles north of the base line, which in turn empties into Red Deer river in township 68, range 11. Small poplar and willow grow on both sides of the valley, but there is no marketable timber. The soil above the valley is burnt to a cinder and the bouldere are cracked and crumbling from the heat of the file which swept this district. Willow scrub is beginning to grow. The general surface north of the line may be described as rolling, with some scrub. When new soil forms here the land will be suitable for farming, and this is the only land along the portions of the sixteenth and seventeenth base lines surveyed "this year that will be suitable. Coarse wiry grass grows everywhere, but there are no iiay lands. The valley of Nose creek is about three hundred feet deep and about three miles wide. Some good spruce and poplar grow here and become thicker and larger to the north. North Sheep creek, which is about four and one-half chains wide, rises in the glaciers, and flowing through a valley about three miles wide and four hundred feet deep, empties into Wapiti river in British Columbia. Its west banks are so steep and slippery that horses cannot climb them. The surface to the west has been burnt over and only isolated patches of green timber remain. Cutbank river rises in Nose mountain in range eleven, about four miles south of the base line, and flows east to Smoky river. Its valley is strewn with dead timber through which is growing a thick jackpine scrub. The lands above are about the same. At the southeastern extremity of Nose mountain there is a berth of green timber about six miles by two miles. This timber is suitable for ties and with that in the Porcupine valley is the only merchantable timber between the sixteenth and seven- teenth base lines and Nose mountain and Smoky river. The seventeenth base line was completed on July 2, and our starting point on the sixteenth base line at the northeast corner of range 5 was reached on July 19. To reach this point we travelled by the Nose creek trail over Nose mountain and other great hills and then across a series of swamps to Porcupine river. North of the Porcupine, near the trail, is a prairie about five miles long and twenty chains wide; the grazing here is good. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 117 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b Porcupine river is a swift mountain stream from three to ten feet deep, about five cliains wide and having a current of about three miles an hour. It rises and falls rapidly; it may be possible to ford it in the morning and by evening it may be three feet deeper. The country along the sixteenth base in ranges 5, 6 and 7 comprises an area of high dome-shaped hills covered with large fire-killed spruce and jackpine. The fire here was more recent than farther north and the trees are still standing firmly rooted. In range B there is a forest of green spruce and jackpine, extending about six miles southwesterly. This contains considerable marketable timber fit for ties and lumber. The valley of the Porcupine was entered in range S, and the base line continues in this valley to its crossing in range 11. To the south of the valley is a series of hills extending back to the Rockies, which in range 9 are about ten miles south, in range 11 about five miles south, and intersect the line in section 32, range 13. Eange 11 west of the Porcupine is hilly, and the mountains may be said to be entered at the beginning of range 12, although the obstruction was not sufficient to stop the work until section 32 in range 13 was reached. Eanges 12 and 13 are well timbered with fir, spruce, jackpine and balsam. This timber is accessible by both branches of Stinking creek. They rise in the mountains find converge in range 13, and flowing north and west empty into North Sheep creek in British Columbia. The west branch is about two chains wide, two feet deep and ^ery swift, and has a valley averaging about three miles wide and eight hundred feet deep. On October 12 I left for Grande Prairie and the twentieth base line. We followed the trail by way of the west branch of Stinking creek. Two lakes, Nose creek and Jasper trail, to Grande Prairie. After a few days rest here to allow the horses to regain their strength, we left by wagon road for the twentieth base line on October 26. A snowstorm came on unexpectedly on November 2, and we were delayed some days awaiting the arrival of our flat sleighs from Grande Prairie, and did not reach our starting point at the northeast corner of range 13 until November 21. Ranges 15 and 16 contains some poplar, spruce and jackpine timber suitable for building, ties and lumber. Range 17 is hilly and largely covered with fallen timber and jackpine scrub. Pouce Coupe prairie begins in range 14 about eight miles north, and runs in a northwesterly direction to Kiskapiska river. The prairie is rolling and scrubby, and appears to be the result of forest fires. The soil is a rich clay loam with a white clay subsoil. It comprises hay lands and sufficient timber for fuel and building purposes, but surface water is scarce. There is a community of five families of half-breeds and eleven white settlers on the prairie, now located in about township 78, range 14. In June and July the thermometer' registered from 60° to 110° in the daytime but the nights were cool. August was very wet, and mists and fogs were prevalent. A snowfall of one foot occurred on August 22 and 23, and the leaves were shed by September 1. On October 11 the ponds were frozen over, and there was an inch of frost in the ground and four to six inches of snow. Real winter began November 2. Snow fell almost every day during the month, and the thermometer varied from 0° to — iO". December was fine but in the last of January — 60° was registered. Fresh water is abundant everywhere, no bad water being met with all season. There was an absence of mosquitoes and kindred pests. No minerals were met with but many of the boulders scattered over the district carry iron. Springs in the vicinity of Nose mountain deposit a white solid substance like lime, but the water is tasteless and colourless. There is considerable building stone along the tributaries of the Porcupine. 118 DEPARTMEXr OF THK JXTERIOR 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 Moose are plentiful everyw'here, and grizzly and black bears roam in great numbers south of Red Deer river. Foxes, marten and lynx arc almost extini't. Musk- rats are numerous, but tliero are no beaver. Dueks ami partiitlges are rarel.v seen while whitefish are plentiful. Tu Pouee Coupe the following animals are to be found although none of them are numerous: moose, black bears, grizzly bears, wolves, foxes, lynx, mink, marten and coyotes. Jackfish are caught in Bear creek. All streams have sufficient natural fall for the development of water-jxjwer, but the volume of water is not always sufficient. Porcupine river and North creek have sufficient volume at all times, and Xose creek and Capton creek at high water. The building of dams would not be expensive as the banks arc high and often approach the water's edge. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEY IS BRASCU 119 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b APPENDIX No. 36. ABSTEACT OF THE EEPOKT OF A. L. McNAUGHTON, D. L. S. .SURVEYS IN THE BRAZEAU DISTRICT^ WESTERN ALEERTA. I arrived in Edmouton on April 26 but my horses and camp outfit which had been wintered at Duck lake did not arrive until the 30th. We did not leave Edmonton until May 17. as the season was late and feed for packhorses scarce. The intervening time was spent in purchasing- horses and completing my outfit, and in preparing returns of the surveys performed by me during 1909. We travelled by train to Wolf Creek and from there by wagon and pack-train to ' big eddy ' which we reached on May 21. Thence we travelled by pack-trail to the junc- tion of the two branches of Embarras river about half a mile north of the thirteenth base line. From this camp we began our work on May 28 on the east boundary of range 19 southerly. We then began the survey of the east boundary of range 20 and were occupied with these surveys and the subdivision of township 47, range 10, until August 12. An attempt was made to reach the twelfth base and run the east boundary of rauge 19 northerly but, having reached the Brazeau by trail along the -Pembina and thence southerly, no trail could be located leading westerly along the Brazeau and we were compelled to return to township 47, range 19. On September 19, we moved to township 48, range 21 and were occupied until December 8 with subdivision surveys in townships 48 and 49, ranges 21 and 22. This district has been burned over and is covered with very dense dead timber. On December 9, we left the field and arrived in Edmonton on the ITth. We left Edmonton again on Januai-y 9 and arrived at the coal mines of the Pacific Pass com- pany on January 17 and following the same route as in the summer we reached the Brazeau on the 21st. By means of ropes the flat sleiglis were let down the high steep banks of the river and reached the junction of the Brazeau and Southesk on January 23. We then ran the east boundary of range 9 north from the twelfth base about two and one-half miles and did a few miles of subdivision in the neighbourhood. We then moved north along this outline where we continued work until February 27. We then closed operations and I returned to Bickerdike to send in supplies for the next season. The supplies were purchased and forwarded to the Pacific Pass mines and I returned to Cornwall, Ont., on March 16. With the exception of township 48. range 19, the country traversed during the season's work lies within foot-hills which vary in height from one hundred to four- teen hundred feet. Most of this country has been swept by forest fires and is now covered with dead and fallen timber and usually a second growth of small jaekpine. The only timber of any value seen during the season is in townships 48 and 49, range 22 where a heavy spruce and jaekpine forest remains as an indication of what the timber in surrounding districts must have been before destruction by forest fires. Spruce up to three feet in diameter were frequently encountered along our lines and. in the surrounding brule country, we sometimes found dead spruce of even greater size. There are also some large green spruce along Pembina river both above and below the mouth of the Little Pembina. Good coal is found in the range of hills which forms the uivide between Pem- bina and Embarras rivers and in the hills northwesterly from this point to McLeod river. These deposits are being prospected by two companies, the Pacific Pass Coal 120 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 company ami the Yellowhead Pass Coal and Coke company, both of whioh have in view extensive mining- operations in the near future. At present the only way of reaching this district during the summer months is hy pack-trails, of which the most convenient starts from ' big eddy ' and follows south along' the valley of McLeod and Embarras rivers. About five miles south of the mouth of the Embarras this trail divides, one branch following the west fork of the river to the Yellowhead Pass Coal and Coke company's property and the other the east fork to its source, thence crossing the watershed to Little Pembina river on which is situated the property of the Pacific Pass Coal company. In winter both pro- perties can be reached by sleigh road. The Coal Fields branch of the Grand Trunk Pacific railway, now under construction will, when completed, open up this district. Suitable land for agricultural purposes is limited to small flats found here and there along the river valleys. The largest of these I have seen is on Pembina river, near the mouth of the Little Pembina. Summer frosts are too frequent and severe to make these flats valuable other than as grazing spots for horses and cattle. Game i6 very scarce, only a few deer being seen during the season. Caribou are found in the Brazeau valley but not farther north. Partridges are very plentiful in districts that have not been touched by forest fires. During the summer months our work was somewhat hindered by rain, thunder- storms occurring frequently in the afternoons, the morning being generally fine. These clouds come from the mountains and their approach is plainly visible for hours from the hilltops. As a rule, they do not break immediately after leaving the mountains but pass over thirty or forty miles of territory before discharging their contents. The soil is always water-soaked and even the hilltops are covered with a thick spongy moss which I have seen elesewhere only on the Pacific coast of British Columbia. Fine clear nights are nearly always accompanied by frost except during the month of July. To these frosts I attribute the scarcity of mosquitoes and black-flies with wiiich pests we had practically no trouble. '" Bulldogs" were not affected by this however, and worried the horses a great deal during June, July and August. During the winter months, the cold was not as a rule severe being moderated by frequent chinook winds. On several occasions however we experienced very severe weather, the thermometer registering fifty degrees below zero. Good water was always available, and on Brazeau river there are opportunities for an economical development of water-power. As this must compete with coal, mined on the ground, it is doubtful if there will be any power development in this neigh- bourhood in the near future. I would say that the future prospects of this district depend almost entirely upon the success achieved in coal-mining operations. Experienced miners who have visited it say that a good grade of steam coal suited for use in locomotives and for fuel can be obtained and my own observations have convinced me that the quantity is almost unlimited. The experts of the Grand Trunk Pacific and Canadian Northern railways have doubtless made a favourable report on the coal deposits as both of these com- panies have branches tinder construction into this district. Such being the case, a large part of the fuel used in our prairie provinces will doubtless come from this source. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURTETS BRANCH 121 ! SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b APPENDIX No. 37. ABSTEACT OF THE KEPORT OF W. F. O'HAEA, D.L.S. illSCELL-^'EOUS RESURVEYS IN SOUTHERN ALBERTA. My work during the past season consisted of miscellaneoiis resurveys in southern Alberta, and a survey of villa lots at Waterton lakes and town lots at Pincher Creek. I reached Milk river in township 2, range 7, west of the fourth meridian on June 29, and commenced the retracement of the township. It was also necessary to re- siirvey part of township 2, range 8, and the north boundary of township 1, range 7, in order to get all blocks to close within the limit allowed. These townships are in the semi-arid district. The soil is a hard firm clay and requires to be ploughed about eighteen inches deep in order that sufficient moisture may be retained in the soil to mature the crops. The summer of 1910 was the driest on record. The prairie grass turned yellow owing to the drought, and the oats headed out when only six inches high. After completing the surveys required in ranges 7 and 8, I proceeded up Milk river by wagon trail to range 20 west of the fourth meridian, where work, similar to that in ranges 7 and 8, was required. This region consists almost entirely of large grazing leases, and in some cases the land has been patented. The country here and along the entire route is practically the same, consisting of undulating or rolling prairie with heavy clay soils with a few inches of black loam on the surface. Camp was pitched on Milk river in township 2, range, 20. The water of the river is much better here, being only a few miles from fresh-water springs which feed it. The volume also is much greater. A large amount of the water of the river must be absorbed by the soil and evaporated before it reaches its outlet. The difference in the volume in range 20, and range 7, is very marked. Nearly the whole of town- ships 2 in ranges 19 and 20, was retraced and a large number of monuments were established to take the place of the old monuments which had entirely disapx)eared. The work here was finished about the middle of September. I then proceeded westerly by wagon trail to township 1, range 27. This township is situated in the foothills of the Eocky mountains and is covered largely with pine, poplar and willow. It is suitable for mixed farming and cattle raising. The soil is exceedingly rich consisting of six to twelve inches of black loam, with a clay subsoil, and is capable of producing large crops of vegetables. There is a bountiful supply of fresh water in the many streams, one of which is found on nearly every quarter section in the township. The altitude varies from 4,000 to 5,000 feet above sea-level. This is somewhat aguinst the raising of cereals as there is danger of summer frosts. However, there are some farmers in the vicinity who seem to be pros- perous. There are many well-known wagon trails, leading into the township from all directions which have been opened by settlers for hauling timber, large quantities of which existed a few years ago. It has however been destroyed at intervals by fire, and that which remains consists chiefly of second-growth and dead pine. A few speckled trout can be found in the streams. Deer, rabbits and grouse are also present. After completing the subdivision of this township I moved to the Waterton lakes, having made arrangements with the Commissioner of Dominion Parks to meet me there. It was his wish to look over the ground, before the survey of villa lots was commenced. 122 DEPARTMEXT OF THE IXTERIOR 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 Unfortunately he was unavoidably detained upon other business and was unable to meet me on my arrival on October 23. In the meantime 1 ])roeeeded witli tlie retraeement of a few miles in township 2, range 27 and township 1, range 30. The commissioner arrived on November 6, and after consulting with him while going over the ground, I began by making traverses of those portions of the lakes where it was decided to survey villa lots. The commissioner selected what he considered to be the best sites. The sites selected are those which have been chosen by campers and pleasure seekers during the last few years. 1'here are, luiwcver, long stretclies on the east sides of the upper and lower lakes, and on the south side of the middle lake which were not considered nor visited on account of the rugged nature of the countrj' which gives no easy means of access. After making a plot of the traverse, I surveyed the lots in a manner best suited to the requirements of a summer reeort, it being desirable that the lots front on the lake. The locality is entirely within the Waterton Lakes park and consists partly of open country, and partly of forest, with mountains from 2,000 to 3,(X)0 feet high surrounding the lake. The park at present comprises the east half of township 1, range 30, the west half of township 1, range 29, the southeast quarter of township 2, range 30, and the south- west quarter of township 2, range 29, west of the fourth meridian, a total area of fifty- four square miles. There is no other locality in western Canada, which I have seen or heard of, which can compare with the Waterton lakes as a summer resort, there teing a rare coni- liination of climate, mountain scenery, large bodies of fresh water and trout fishing. Trout have been taken from these lakes recently weighing fifty pounds. The lakes are one and a quarter, two and a half and eight miles respectively in length, and from one-half to three-quarters of a mile wide. The upper lake is the longest and e-xt^-nds about four miles into the United States, the international boundary cutting it into nearly equal parts. The lakes have been sounded in many places and have been found to be about 300 feet deep. Tlie water remains jjerfectly clear at all times, notwith- standing its being frequently lashed into foam by the hurricanes which blow down the pass almost continuously for nine months in the year, June, July and August being the only calm months. The lakes can be reached by many well-known wagon trails, which converge from all directions, leading from all the towns and villages in southern Alberta. It was reported that about 3,000 people spent tlieir vacations here during the summer of 1910. After completing this work I left for the town of Pincher Creek where I arrived on December 15. My work at this town consisted of a further subdivision of the southwest quarter of section 2.3, township 6, range 30, west of the fourth meridian. The survey is very regular and in a desirable part of the town which should make the lots attractive. This was the last work, operations being closed for the season on January 4, 1911. TOPOGRAPHICAL SI UiETS BRAXCH 123 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b APPENDIX No. 38. REPORT OF THOS. H. PLl'NKETT, D.L.S. sirm;v ok ria it lands ix ica^ji.oops district. British coll'MBi.\. OxTA'iVA, January 4, 1911. E. Dkville^ Esq., LL.D., Surveyor General. Ottawa. Sir, — I beg to submit tlie following- report ou my surve.vs during the past season in the railway belt of British Columbia. In accordance with your instructions, I left Toronto on April 3, 1910, and proceeded to Kamloops. B.C. A few days were spent in repairing my outfit and organizing my pai-ty, after which on the 13th, we left for Notch Hill, where by laundi we crossed Shuswap lake and camped in township -Jo. range 10, west of the sixth meridian. Our work here consisted of the survey of suitable fruit lands in township 23, ranges 10 and 11. We found a large area of good agricultural land in township 23, range 10, lying along the northerly shore of Shuswap lake, and extending back an average distance of about three miles from the water. This land lies on two main benches. The lower with an average breadth of about a quarter of a mile, extends almost the entire width of the township, attaining at section 11 a width of about half a mile and narrowing gradually toward tlie eastern edge of the township, while at the western edge this bench entirely disappears. Along the northerly limit of this bench there is a somewhat steep rise reaching at the western limit of the township an elevation of about 1000 feet above Shuswap lake but rapidly becoming lower and of a much more gradual slope as its summit is traced easterly through the township. At the northeast corner of section 9 this rise attains an elevation of only 212 feet, with a slope so gradual as to permit of farming operations, and continues approximately at this elevation and slope to the eastern limit of the township, except in the westerly portion of section 10, where for a short distance it becomes rocky and precipitous. North of the summit of this rise, lying on a gradual southern sloj)e, is the larger and by far the more fertile of the two benches. It has an average width of about two and a half miles north and south, and extends the full width of the township east and west. This bench extends northerly to the base of the mountains, which rising somewhat precipitously, render agriculture impossible any farther north. Portions of the lower bench are naturally somewhat gravelly, lying so close to the lake, but in the south half of section 9 and in sections 11 and 13 some rich brown loam was found well adapted to fruit or general farming. Just below this bench in section 11 there is a limited area of bottom-land of a very rich brown or black loam. On the upper bench, the conditions for agriculture are very favourable. The soil in sections 15, 16 and 17, and in the south halves of sections 21, 22 and 23, is for the most part a rich black loam with a gravel or gravelly clay subsoil. The remaining port- ions of the bench have a brownish loam soil with the same gravelly clay subsoil. This district is of course a bush country. West of the east boundaries of sections '■K 16 and 21 the timber consists principally of fir. cedar and hemlock from one to two feet in diameter. In addition to these varietie-, spruce, birch and pujilar up to eighteen 124 DEPARTMEXT OF THE IXTERIOR 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 inches in diameter are very plentiful. The undergrowth in this portion of the township is very dense, consisting of alder and willow brush with scrub maple; clearing is a very slow process. The fact that there are very few meadows where cheap fodder can be obtained renders it out of the question for the settler to provide himself with horses, and most of the clearing \mtil now has been done by manual labour. In one or two cases where horses had been employed, tie cost of their feed at prices in British Columbia, has compelled the settler to dispose of them. Although slow, progress in this district is nevertheless steady, and gradually the settler, convinced of the fertility ot the soil, is carving out of the bush a comfortable home, and finding to his great satisfaction that a very small portion of land, probably from ten to twenty acres, when cleared and looked after properly, will afford him and his family a good living. East of the east boundaries of sections 9, 16 and 21 clearing is very much more easily done. There is in this portion a much larger proportion of poplar, small spruce and fir. On almost every homestead in this section of the township there can be found from live to ten acres that can be easily cleared and very rapidly made to produce a living for the occupants of the land. ■Agriculture in this locality is as yet in its infancy, but sufficient has been done to show the fertility of the soil. Vegetables of all varieties are being raised successfully. Small fruits yield abundantly, and the appearance of the fruit is excellent. Mr. H. A. Fowler's ranch in section 18, Mr. Blake's in section 11 and Mr. Beguelin's in section 1(3 demonstrate convincingly what the land in this township in general will produce. In addition to these there are several farms scattered well over the township in a more or less flourishing condition. Fruit raising has as yet not had time to develop, but almost without exception the settlers have planted small orchards which, although young, appear to be in a remarkably healthy condition, presaging the future develop- ment of the country along this line. ' In township 23, range 11, we found a small portion of good farming land lying along the valley of Meadow creek, and extending northwesterly through sections 13, 23 and 24 to the valley of Scotch creek. The bottom-lands are narrow, but the side slopes and lower benches can be utilized to some extent. Several fairly large meadows are found in these sections. The soil consists of sandy loam with a clay subsoil. The bottom-lands are heavly timbered with fir cedar and hemlock up to four feet in diameter, but the slopes and benches are covered with small fir, spruce, poplar and birch of no commercial value. This land is elevated from 500 to 700 feet above Shuswap lake, and judging from the flourishing condition of Mr. Fowler's ranch adjoining, it has a bright future as an agricultural district. The climatic conditions in these districts are well adapted to fruit or mixed farm- ing. Summer frosts are sometimes experienced. A severe frost this season on the night of August 23, affected this district in common with nearly all portions of Brit- ish Columbia, but from what information I could obtain this was very exceptional. As development goes on it can, I think, be safely assumed that the danger of summer frosts will be entirely eliminated. It is the practice in this district at present to delay the planting of potatoes and the more tender crops until the beginning of July, it having been found that the rapid growth during July and August causes the crops to develop so rapidly as to equal crops where seeding has been done earlier, and thus the danger of destruction by frost is eliminated. With the removal of the forest growth, irrigation during some seasons will pro- bably become necessary, as this district lies so close to the dry belt. However, in this respect, this locality is favoured by having excellent facilities for irrigation. Manson and Meadow creeks supply ample water, easily available. In addition, Manson creek presents several splendid water-powers. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRASCB 125 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b Until recently, the settlers in tlie above-described districts have had difficulty in disposing to advantage of their farm produce, but of late, a regular weekly boat ser- vice has been established on Thompson river and Shuswap lake between Kamloops and Salmon Arm. These boats stop on signal anyivhere along the shore of the lake to take on passengers or freight. The owners also supply the settlers with winter work cutting cord-wood and piling it on the lake front where the boat replenishes her fuel supply or carries the wood to markets along the lake. Several merchants from towns along the Canadian Pacific railway on the south side of Shuswap lake are now con- templating a gasoline launch service to trade with the settlers. At least one of these boats owned by W. J. Smith of Notch Hill, is in commission, and two others, I under- stand, are to be put on in the coming spring. Game, including deer, bears and lynx, is plentiful in this neighbourhood. The mountains to the north are a favorite resort in the fall for hunting parties in quest of big game. Having completed our work in this locality, we moved to Adams lake, where in addition to some traversing on the lake we subdivided some land in sections 17, 18 and 19 of township 23, range 12, and sections 24, 25 and 26 of range 13. The land in these sections adapted to agriculture is very limited. The mountain slopes in general are too steep to permit of farming operations. Occasionally small benches of good land were encountered, and these, with the somewhat narrow strip ofi land between the edge of the water and the foot of the mountain, provide the only land where farming can be carried on. I do not think that much activity in farming will characterize this locality. Good grazing land, however, is found on all sides, and cattle raising might flourish if sufficient hay land can be located to provide winter feed. Fish are plentiful in Adams lake, and game, including bears, deer and lynx is to be found on the mountainsides. Climatic conditions are favourable to agriculture. Summer frosts do occur, but are not generally of a very severe character. Irrigation will probably be necessary but ample water can be found in almost all localities where it is required. From Adams lake, we moved to the northerly end of Niskonlith lake in township 21, range 13, west of the sixth meridian. In the immediate vicinity of Niskonlith lake, namely in sections 6, 7, 17 and 20 we found very little good land, except in sections 6 and 7 where there is a limited area of agricultural land. The timber in this locality consists almost entirely of bull pine and fir, from one to two feet in diameter, with, in sections 6 and 7, some poplar and willow. The land in sections 17 and 20 and portions of 6 and 7 lies on a somewhat steep slope, which however, provides excellent bunch-grass. In the east halves of the southwest quarter of section 7, and the northwest quarter of section 6, some first-class agricultural land was found, but only to a limited extent. Irrigation too is necessary, and the source of water supply for it is not evident. North of the lake, however, along the valley of Loakin creek we found a con- siderable area of first-class farming land. Out work this season, north of the lake, included surveys in sections 29, 32 and 33 of township 21, range 13, and sections 4 and 9 of township 22, range 13, but if time had permitted these surveys could have been extended into sections 16, 21, 22 and 15 where excellent farming land exists. Loakin creek apppears to have its source in a chain of small lakes, lying about the southwest corner of section 22. If on the removal of the bush, irrigation is found necessary, ample water could be obtained from these lakes and creek. This land is elevated from 500 to 800 feet above Shuswap lake. The soil in the bottom-lands along the creek consists of a rich black loam, with a sand or gravel sub- 126 DEPARTMEXT OF THE IXTERIOR 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 soil, while farther back on the side slopes and benches the soil is a light loam, some- times sandy with a gravelly clay or gravel subsoil. This country is also covered with bush, fir, cedar, hemlock, pine, birch and spruce being the prevailing woods. Some fairly good patches of merchantable timber were found on the bottom-lands along the creek. This consisted chiefly of cedar. In the northwest quarter of section 4, and the southwest quarter of 9 some tine fir, spruce and cedar were found from twelve to thirty inches in diameter, so that clearing the land, while necessarily a slow process, will not present any special difficulty. The climatic conditions render this an ideal farming and fruit raising district. Summer frosts are not severe enough to damage the crops, while in winter the district is favoured with a sufficiently heavy snowfall to protect young orchards. Agriculture has been carried on for a naimber of years on the northeast quarter of section 20, township 21, range 13. Here gratifying success has been attained in strawberry culture, and a few apple, plum and cherry trees, probably about ten years old, produced excellent fruit this season, notwithstanding the fact that their con- dition shows neglect. If under the condition in which these few trees were found the.v can at least retain life, let alone bear fruit, no doubt under proper handling this Ictcality will be found to be a profitable fruit country. Except this farm, no attempt at agriculture has as yet been made in this locality. Our next work led us into Mabel lake country in townships 19 and 20, range 5. west of the sixth meridian, where in addition to the traverse of that portion of the lake lying within the railway belt, we planted posts along the lake convenient to suitable agricultural land, and subdivided portions of sections 2(5 and 27 of township 20, range 5. This from a settlement standpoint is a new country.Lying adjacent to the Oka- nagan valley, twenty-five miles east of Enderby it is favoured with an ideal climate. Frosts are unkno^^•n in this district from May until November, and the rainfall seems to be sufficient to render irrigation unnecessary. If, however, experience proves tht contrary, sufficient water is easily available in every locality where farming can become established. By far the largest areas of land adapted to agriculture lie in the Frog and Noisy creek valleys. Extending up Frog creek from its mouth in section 27, a distance roughly esti- mated at from six to eight miles northeasterly, there lies a valley with an average width of about one mile admirably adapted to mixed or fruit farming. The soil of the bottom-lands immediately along the creek is of a rich black loam, while that on either side is of a brownish loam with a sand or gravel subsoil. The land is very heavily timbered with cedar from three to ten feet in diameter, resembling very much the country on the lower Columbia river below Kevelstoke. The cedar from three to five feet in diameter is generall.v sound, and easily handled by driving it down Frog creek and rafting it through Mabel lake to Shuswap river, down which it is taken to the mills at Enderby. Considerable difficulty was e.xperienced in making the surveys in this locality, owing to the fact that the beaver have dammed the country along the valley, flooding it for miles up Frog creek. AVading these meadows or rather lakes, in ^.'ovember, is work to which the axemen do not take kindly, and it was found advisable after having subdivided a few quarter sections, to abandon the work for this season. At Nois.v creek no subdivision surveys were made, but examination showed that a considerable area of good land lies in the neighbourhood of sections 17 and 20. Some good bench land is also to be found in section 30 of township 19, range 5. Deer, bears and caribou are very plentiful in this district. Beaver are very numerous, and marten and mink are also to be found. A fairly good wagon road leads from Enderby to Mabel lake, while the lake per- mits of navigation throughout its entire length. Along this road the intending set- TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCB 127 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b tier has convincing proof in the flourishing fruit orchards and farms of what can be done in the locality. No portion of British Columbia can boast of better produce. Conditions licre should lead to the early settlement of this land. This completed our fruit land surveys, and from hero we went to Ashcroft aud thence up the Cariboo road, where several small surveys occupied us for the remainder of the season. The attention of ranchers in this locality is taken up mainly with hay and cattle raising. Potatoes and other root crops are successfoilly raised, the former in large quantities. Irrigation here is imperative, and very little agricultural land remains where water is available. The only new country visited was in sections 24, 25, 26 and 35, of township 23, range 25, west of the sixth meridian along the valleys of Scottie creek and its tri- butaries. Considerable good level land was found in this district, and out surveys could have been greatly extended if a solution of the irrigation problem had been evident. Small portions of sections 25, 26 and 24 can be easily irrigated, and these were surveyed. It is doubtful if the remaining areas of suitable land are sufficiently exten- sive to warrant the expense which would have to be incurred to provide water for irrigation. Surrounding the above-mentioned land are large areas of excellent grazing lands, very convenient to permanent water courses, which provide sufficient water at all sea- sons for cattle. We finished our work here on December 15. and concluding that the season was too far advanced to undertake any further work, left for Kamloops where the party was jiaid off and our survey outiit stored for the winter. I have the honour to be, Sir, Your obedient servant, THOS. II. PLrXKETT, D.L.S. 128 DEPARTUENT OF THE INTERIOR 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 APPENDIX No. 39. ABSTEACT OF THE REPORT OF A. W. PONTON, D.L.S. SUR\'ET OF PARTS OF THE FIFTH MERIDIAN AND TWENTY-EIGHTH AND TWENTY -NDJTH BASES WEST OF THE FIFTH MERIDIAN. Having' organized my party at Edmonton I left on June 4, 1909, and reached Athabaska Landing on the 16th. We got away by boat on June 24 and arrived at a point on the Athabaska, about four miles above Grand rapids, on the 25th. On the 26th we began exploring and cutting a trail northwesterly towards Wabiskaw river. In this work we were greatly retarded by wet weather and the flooded condition of the creek? and swamps. Further delay was caused by the necessity of returning to Athabaska river for supplies. On August 9 we reached Prairie river on the Wabiskaw river trail, and on the 17th arrived at Chipewyan lake. With one man I then proceeded by canoe down Wabiskaw river to Fort Vermilion, while the rest of the party went by trail to the junction of Red river and Peace river. At Fort Vermilion supplies were loaded on a raft to be taken to Red river. When within about five miles of Red river, during an attempt at mooring, the raft accidentally went over the rapids and all the supplies were lost, together with the tripods of my two transits, my level tripod and level. Leaving my assistants to cut trails and pack hay at certain points, I returned to Edmonton by way of Peace River Crossing, Lesser Slave lake and Athabaska Landing, arriving there on October 9. I left Edmonton with other instruments on October 26 and at Athabaska Landing met my packer, whom I had instructed to return with the horses. We proceeded by Wabiskaw across country and reached the starting-point of our surveys on December 1. The work was carried on without intermission until July 7, 1910. By that time we had produced the fifth meridian from township 107 to township 112, had projected the twenty-ninth base across range 1 and the twenty-eighth base across ranges 1 to 17 inclusive. On July 8, we began mounding back over the lines run in 1908 and 1909 and continued until August 8. A great part of the mounding could not be done owing to the flooded condition of the country. We then closed operations and the party arrived back at Athabaska Landing September 13. Township 107 along the meridian is generally suitable for agriculture, but townships 108, 109 and 110 are low and swampy. A chain of meadows extends across from east to west through the four townships. They are capable of producing an enormous supply of hay. Stunted spruce and tamarack are found scattered in the swamps. Township 111 is in the valley of Peace river and appears subject to flooding to a depth of 10 feet. There is much valuable spruce timber here and logs and manufactured timber can be easily got out. Some pine occurs on sandy ridges in the south half of township 112 but the north half is low and swampy. Along the twenty-eight base between range 1 and the middle of range 3 the land is low and swampy, with occasional narrow sandy ridges, and is unfit for agriculture. But many hay meadows occur, and there is some small spruce, tamarack and jackpine. Fox lake surrounded by extensive meadows, lies in the west of range 3. The land surrounding this lake is good and well drained, covered chiefly with poplar suitable for pulp-wood. Ranges 4 and 5 south of Peace river contain good agricultural lands, but range 5 north of the river is low and wet. Range 6 is high upland with poplar roPOUIlAPHIVXL SVRTEYS BRAISCB 129 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b and spruce brush, the soil having vegetable mould and fine sand with clay subsoil. Eange 7 being level will require drainage before it will be fit for agriculture. In range S extensive grassy swamps occur, but range 9 is undulating and well dri'ined. having a soil of from three to sis inches of black mould with clay subsoil. The timber in these two ranges is poplar and spruce from four to ten inches. Eange 10 is undulating but cut up by the valley of a creek. The bank of Peace river is fifry 'tet high. The soil is good and the timber large comprising spruce, poplar and Cottonwood. Eange 11 is mostly prairie, but range 12 is again cut up by Peace river. Good agricultural land lies both north and south of the river. From ranges 13 to 17 the country is level. Numerous marshes and muskegs occur and the water is strongly alkaline. The timber is chiefly small poplar. The summer season in this district was unfavourable to the early maturing of grain, but not more unfavourable than in southern Alberta where it is hot and dry. The rainfall is ample but summer frosts are frequent. The Cariboo mountains, north of the twenty-ninth base, seem to be eruptive in nature and there is a prospect that valuable minerals may be located there. The exploration, however, is extremel.v difficult owing to the lack of feed in summer and fuel in winter. Good water is jdentiful as far west as range 13, but farther west is strongly alkaline. A power site second to few on this continent occurs at the chutes of Vermilion falls. There is another site at the confluence of Red river and Peace river. Here a head of twenty-five feet could be obtained. Devonian limestone rock occurs in situ on the Peace river between Eed river and Vermilion falls. Many of the bedded masses of this stone will make good material for masonry- work. Fish are not plentiful in this district and the Indians do not depend on them fi^r food. Bears were plentiful and moose fairly numerous. Ducks were found in large numbers in all the ponds and lakes. Prairie-chickens and partridges were not very numerous. 2.5b— 9 130 TiKPATlIMKyT OF THE ly'TERIOR 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 APPENDIX No. 40. ABSTRACT OF THE REPORT OF E. W. ROBINSOX, D.L.S. StRVKY OF PART OV THE PRIM IPAI, MERIDIAN AND OF PARTS OF THE EIGHTH BASE EAST AND THE NINTH BASE WE.ST OF THE PRINCIPAL MERIDIAN. Upon receiving your instruction^; dated February 24, 1910, I obtained all the information possible as to the nature of the coaintry in which I was to work, and con- cluded that packhorses would be the best mode of transportation. I arrived at Winni- peg on May 2 and soon discovered that it would be impossible to procure ponies suit- able for packhorses in Manitoba at anything like a reasonable price, and in view of the fact that other surveyors were experiencing difficulty in obtaining packhorses in the other prairie provinces, I decided to go at once to British Columbia where I knew I could buy without any delay as many horses as were necessary. I accordingly left Winnipeg and arrived at Vernon in tlie Okanagan valley on May 5. By the 7th, I had purchased twenty-three horses and on the 10th they were loaded on the car and shipped to Gimli in charge of a man I had hired to act as packer. I returned to Winnipeg to hire the men and buy my outfit and supplies, and left there for Gimli on May 18. Gimli is a thriving little town on the sliore of lake Winnipeg and is tlie present end of the railway. It is the market town for the Icelandic settlement in the imme- diate vicinity and a Galician and German setttlement to the west. Tlie fishing indus- try on lake Winniijeg has also assisted very materially the commercial progress of Gimli. Situated as it is on one of the few harbours on the west side of the lake, it forms a convenient base for the fishing in the central part of the lake. Unfortunately, too many of the settlers in this part of the country neglect the improvement of their farms preferring the immediate returns obtained from fishing to the slower but surer profits resulting from increased aci-eage under cultivation. Gimli has the advantage of an excellent supply of artesian water; in fact this can be obtained as far north as Icelandic river and possibly farther, but no wells have been drilled north of this point. It is necessary to put the wells down about ninety feet to tap the water-bearing strata, and. the water rises from four to ten feet above the ground. The water, although somewhat hard, is suitable in every way for domestic purposes. Gimli is also becoming a summer resort for the people of Winnipeg and this will further assist in its pro- gress. The horses arrived at Gimli on the evening of M.iy 19 in poor condition alter their long travel from Vernon. The two following days were occupied in arranging the outfit and on the 23rd a start was made. Owing to the horses not having been worked for some time, they had their own views about packing and a stampede occur- red, which distributed my outfit near and far. Fortunatel.y no serious damage was done, but it was the 2.5th before I could make another start. By this time the horses had submitted to the inevitable and no further trouble was experienced. There is a wagon road running from Gimli to Fisher river which is in good con- dition, except after a heavy rainfall. Stopping houses are kept at convenient inter- vals along the road, although some of them are run only during the winter months, when there are many freighters bringing fish down from Fisher bay. The party arrived at Fisher river and camped on the Indian reserve there. I had returned in the meantime to Winnipeg to hire some more men and arrange about further supplies. I travelled back by launch to Fisher bay on June 4. The land bordering Fisher river and occupied by the Indian reserve is a black loam on a cla.v TOPOGRAPHICAL .SURVEYS BRAyCH '"' 131 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b subsoil. At this time of the year it was very wet, water and mud in every direction, in fact it was only by digging little drainage ditches that we could get a place dry enough to camp ou. I was informed to my surprise, that it had been a drier spring than usual and I was accordingly thankful it was no worse. Fisher Eiver Indiau reserve has several stores and mail is received and despatched every two weeks. The settlement is a well kept one and the inhabitants are prosperous, due in no small measure to the untiring efforts of the resident missionary, the Kev. F. H.. Stevens, who labours to improve their temporal as well as their spiritual condition. Mr. Stevens has carried on agriculture for a few years and it has proved an unqualiiied success and the mission grounds furnish an excellent object-lesson of the productive- ness of the country. The coarser grains all do well but wheat has not been given a sufficiently extended trial to demonstrate that this will ever make a wheat -growing district. Certain varieties of corn can be raised with success and in the autumn i obtained from the councillor at the Jackhead Indian reserve, situated about thirty miles north of Fisher river, three cobs of corn in which the grains were fully matured and well ripened. The natural grasses seem to be deficient in nutriment. Although my horses had very little work to do all summer they never seemed to thrive and as the fall approached they failed rapidly. I was told that cattle, fed in the winter with all the hay they can eat seem just to exist. J'imothy has been tried and has proved a success and I am of the opinion that many other cultivated grasses would do as well. Although the summer was dry, the croj^s did not suffer as in the southern part of Manitoba and farther west. The first summer frost which came in the night of August 3 was suflicient to blacken the potato crop and this appears to happen most years. This is not to be wondered at, considering the vast extent of the surrounding muskegs, in some of which ice was found in the middle of summer. When the country is drained on a wholesale scale, as will be necessary to render the land available for agriculture and when clearing takes place these early summer frosts will probably disappear judging by the results obtained from similar operations in other sections of the country. All the usual vegetables thrive, such as potatoes, carrots, turnips, beets, peas and onions and Mr. Stevens' garden during August would prove a surprise to those not conversant with the possibilities of agriculture in northern Manitoba. Fisher river is from two to five chains wide at the mission and runs into Fisher bay. I commenced the survey of the eighth base line east of the principal meridian after retracing the short portion already run. This line passes through the northern part of the Indian reserve and across a fine stretch of hay land belonging- to it. Leav- ing the reserve there is muskeg and swamp land to the shore of Fisher bay with the exception of a narrow belt of poplar, spruce and birch growing on a natural dyke around the shore. Some two miles north on the shore of the lake is the small settle- ment of Fisher bay from which a large quantity of fish is shipped during the winter. I sent the horses round by the south end of the bay to where the line meets the east shore and it was only after repeated attempts that they succeeded in reaching that point. There is a large area of niuslceg and swamp extending to the south and southwest of Fisher bay. Apparently this bay at one time extended much farther to the south than at present but has graduall.y filled up, resulting in the present mus- kegs. Fisher bay is an arm of lake Winnipeg and is the scene of considerable activity during the winter fishing season. Pickerel, jackfish, goldeye, tullibee and white- fish are in the earlier part of the season caught in large numbers and shipped to Win- nipeg. On the east side of Fisher bay there Is a fringe of flooded land and then a ridge varying from five to twenty chains wide covered with spruce, tamarack and poplar up to ten inches in diameter. Between this ridge and the ridge along the shore of the main part of lake Winnipeg lies one immense muskeg, broken by one ridge with a general southeasterly trend, and which starts from Fisher bay at a point about five miles north of where the base line crosses. This ridge is timbered with spruce, tarn- 25b— 9i 132 ij i: i:\in mi:. \T or iiii. istkuiok . 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 arack and poplar up to fourteen inches in diameter. There are numerous islands scattered throughout and tliese generally carry spruce 'and tamarack of small size. The muskegs vary in nature, some consisting of partially decayed moss to a great depth, some having a clay or hard-pan bottom at a depth of two or three feet, while others are floating hogs — a semi-li(|uiil mass of decaying vegetable matter. There is at present very little agricultural land of any value on this peninsula, aud even if the country were drained it would take some years before these muskegs could be utilized. The district is a favourite hunting ground for moose. In some of the drier muskegs moose trails were crossed every twenty or thirt.v yards and it was no nneommon sight to see three or four of the animals in one day. Considering the noise nuide by the average survey party, this is sutheieut evidence of their number. One fine buck moose stood on the line and gazed with undisguised astonishment at the iu.strument. I was uual)le to use horses across this peninsula, so 1 hired six men as packers. I finished this line on .Tuly 8 and conunenced to move ciimp back to Fisher river wiiere I arrived on the lltli. I made enquiries thei-e regarding the country north of i'isher river through which the principal meridian would pass and found that it would be possible to use pack- horses at least up to lake St. George, so I cut a pack-trail from the Indian reserve to the south end of this lake. The trail follows the ridges and crosses only a few swampy places, so that it would be passable at any season of the year. About seven miles from the reserve aud again at eighteen miles from it we crossed some burned country where there was a good growth of ijea-vine and this is the only good feed my horses obtained all summei". 1 moved camp by means of this trail aud afterwards took a supply of pro\ isions to the south end of lake St. George. The principal meridian starting at the eighth base line runs along a ridge with some fair spruce, tamarack and poplar but soon leaves this and enters muskeg, which continues until aipproaching lake St. George, where another ridge is encountered, on which is some e.xcellent spruce, poplar, and small tauiavack, together with a second growth of these and other varieties. The spruce, although scattered, is a fair size, some trees measuring twenty- six inches. This was the largest timber we met with in the season's work. I reached lake St. George on August 6 and found it shallow, especially at the southern end. The northern end is deeper but the light skiffs used in the country can navigate any^vhere. The water is good and fish fairly plentiful. Goldeye can be obtained at all times and jaekfish at certain seasons. I was informed that a stream. Jackhead river, flowed out of the north end of the lake to lake Winnipeg and 1 took advantage of this to send a large sujjpl.v of provisions by a sailboat from Fisher river to the mouth of .Taek- head river and thence up the river by skiifs to lake St. George and by Round river to Split lake, since renamed lake St. Patrick, where 1 uade a eaclie. ii was owing to my being able to do this and subsequently get iirovisions by water down Mantagao river to the ninth base line that I was able to practically complete the work outlined for the soasou. On August 8, 1 attempted tn couuuence the triangulation of lake St. George, my intention being to run a series of triangles u]) the lake in order to calculate the chain- age, and on a very clear day to produce the line up. I soon found, however, that the task was almost hopeless. The shores of the lake, especially the south end, are marshy with high reeds and rushes growing thereon, and as the land bordering the lake is so verj' little higher than the lake itself, it was impossible to select triangulation stations which would be visible from one another. T. therefore, van the adjoining section lines on the west side of the lake. This line is principally in muskeg and crosses two small lakes. I crossed east to the principal meridian, and, running north, came to lake St. Patrick, and, finding the condition of the shores the same as at lake St. George, had again to resort to ruiuiing adjoining section lines. 1 reached the ninth base line on August 2G and ruuuiuu- easterly to lake St. Patrick fomid that the intersection of the base line auil the uierit. George was frozen across. The party arrived at camp that afternoon having managed to cross the ice on lake St. Patrick with small loads. I waited several days hoping that the ice would become strong enough to enable us to bring the whole outfit down to the south end of lake St. George by means of hand toboggans. Snow, however, fell and the weather turning mild, I saw that it would be necessary to wait for some time and then get the outfit out by dog trains. We, therefore, proceeded to lisher liver where I endeavored to procure these. The fishing season on lake Win- 134 UKi'AinuEyr of the lyrEuiuu . 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 nipeg had just begun luul considerable difficulty \v:is experienced in obtaining the necessary dog trains. I left lu.v assistants to superintend tlie bringing of the outfit from lake St. I'atriek while 1 proceeded to Ginili with the horses, i left Fisiier river on November 14 and took the trail via Yidir and Ardal. This passes through better country than 1 had yet seen. The land is higher and the growth of grass good. A small town is starting at Ardal, being served by a braneii railway line from Teulon. From Ardal I proceeded to Hnausa through a well-settled and prosperous community and eventually reached Gimli with the horses on November 18. JMy horses were in poor condition and, acting on instructions received, I arranged for their sale by auction at Winnipeg iu the meantime feeding tliem well in the hope of realizing better prices. I proceeded to Wiuniijeg and thence to Hudson Bay Junction to make arrange- ments for my winter's work. It was my intention to go to The Pas, but no trains were running north of Hudson Bay Junction owing to the line being blocked. 1, there^ fore, returned to Winnipeg and thence to Gimli on December 1, where my assistants had arrived with my outfit from Fisher river. Having shipped this to Winnipeg for storage I left for Ottawa where I arrived December T. TOPOGRAPHICAL HVRVErS BUAyCH 135 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b APPENDIX No. 41. ABSTRACT OF THE EEPOET OF F. W. KOBIXSOX, D.L.S. SURVEY OF PART OF THE SECOND MERIDIAN AND PART OF THE FIFTEENTH BASE WEST OF THE PRINCIPAL MERIDUN. I left Ottawa on December 9, 1910 and arrived at M'innipeg on the 12th. 1 inter- viewed Messrs. Turnbull & Armstrong of the Hudson Bay railway as they had several survey parties working in the vicinity of The Fas and obtained from them some very, valuable information. It was my original intention to use horses and toboggans for camp transportation and dog trains for bringing supplies from my base at The Pas to camp, but hearing that the muskegs were not yet frozen up owing to a heavy fall of snow early in the winter, I knew it would be impossible to use horses. 1 therefore decided to leave my horses in Winnipeg until such time as I could utilize them. A discussion here of the relative cost and usefulness of the dog and horse for winter travel in the northland might possibly be of some help to other surveyors. Fntil recent years the horse was unknown in northern latitudes, the "husky"' being employed exclusively for hauling. The husky probably originated by crossing the grey wolf with some domestic breed of dog, but it is now a distinct breed reproducing its kind with great fidelity. One has to go to the far north to obtain the real husky, all those in the valley of the Saskatchewan being mongrels. Owing to the demand for dogs in the last few years it is now somewhat difficult to obtain huskies or even mon- grel huskies in any number, and one is compelled to resort to the domestic dog. Any of the larger varieties such as mastiif, Xewfoundland, collie or shepherd make excellent toboggan dogs and with care will perform as much work as the mongrel husky. If trained carefully and this takes only a few days, tbey seem to enjoy hauling a heavy toboggan, in pleasing contrast to the husky who vents bis displeasure in blood- curdling howls and fiendish snarls when being harnessed up. In fact the difficulty with most domestic dogs is to prevent them expending all their strength in the early part of the trip. If a stretch of exceptionally good trail is encountered they delight in tearing along at full gallop with a chorus of joyful barks. The first task of most Indian dog drivers with a train of huskies after harnessing them is to give each dog a severe thrashing with a loaded whip, with apparently the double object in view of impressing the dogs with a fear of their drivers and warming themselves up. Many writers of travels in the north have spoken of the cruelty with which these dogs are treated, and it certainly is heartrending to see, as I once did, a dog which after being worked until it dropped with exhaustion, unharnessed and with its eyes fast glazing in death, kicked off the trail with a curse. A toboggan train usually consists of four large dogs or five small ones, and the average load they can haul on a fairly good trail is four hundred pounds. The customary dog feed is fish, and dogs brought up on it seem to thrive well with an average daily ration of six pounds per dog. Contrar.v to what might be expected even in a country where the lakes abound with fish, it is not easy to procure enough for any number of dogs. Sometimes all the fish caught by the fishermen is contracted for by some dealer, in other cases owing to the migration of fish very few are caught, and Indians and half-breeds owing to their incurable laziness, rarely have enough for their own consumption. It is advisable therefore except on very long trips to take one's own dog feed. Corn-meal and tallow and dog-biscuits are the substitutes and with domestic dogs are more suitable than fish for food. The corn-meal is first boiled for about 136 DEPARTMEXT OF THE INTEKIOIi 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 half an hour and the tallow then added, the ration being two pounds of corn-meal and one-quarter of a pound of tallow per dog per day. The dojr-biscuits are piit up in boxes of twenty-five pounds each and are fed without soaking, two pounds per day being a full ration. The price of lish varies but an average price is three and a half or four cents per pound for whitefish at the fishing station. Inferior varieties such as jackfish, goldcye and sucker are cheaper, say two cents per pound, but these are not fed to working dogs when whitefish, tullibee or sturgeon are procurable. The wholesale price of corn-meal in Winnipeg is about three cents per pound and dog tallow eight cents per pound and of dog-biscuit seven and one-half cents per pound. Feeding on fish will therefore cost per dog about twenty-two cents per day, on corn-meal and tallow eight cents per day and on dog-biscuit fifteen cents per day. All these prices are exclusive of freight or transportation. As one travels north, the price of fish drops very rapidly, and where one is beyond the point where it can he profitably shipped to market, it is by far the cheapest dog feed. The general experience is that it costs more than eight cents per day to feed on corn-meal and tallow owing to the quantity wasted and it has the additional disadvantage of requiring cooking. As it is difficult to get men at the end of a day's trip to spend the time to properly boil the corn-meal it is usually insufficiently cooked and in this state is quite unsuitable for dog feed. Biscuits are always ready to feed and if any are not eaten they can be gathered up. Some of the varieties of dog-biscuit on the market are carefully made and con- taining as they do, meat scraps, tallow and ground bone, form a balanced dog ration. I used dog-biscuits during the whole winter and found them most satisfactory. Most of the dogs I had were domestic and they took at once to the biscuit and thrived well. It takes a little while to accustom huskies to the use of corn-meal and tallow or biscuits and it is better to start feeding them some fish as well. Portability is an all important item and a dog train using corn-meal or biscuit can haul enough to last them three times as long as if they were fed on fish. If how- ever, fish can be obtained at intermediate points this advantage disappears. Opinions differ as to the best dimensions for a dog toboggan. Undoubtedly a narrow toboggan has many advantages, but for survey work where so much of the outfit is bulky rather than heavy, I am of the opinion that a fairly wide toboggan, say "sixteen to eighteen inches, is the most suitable. This enables one to keep the load low down. If one decides to use horses it is better to select the ordinary cayuse or Indian pony rather than a heavier horse. Certainly on a good hard trail a heavy horse shows to advantage, but if the trail is bad and the feed poor and scarce a cayuse would live where a larger horse would die ; and these conditions generally prevail on survey work. An average ration for a pony on this kind of work is fifteen pounds of hay and fifteen pounds of oats per day. As the cost of these vary so much it is not possible to give a general figure for the cost per day. The hay should be baled in sizes to fit the toboggans. Although an experienced man can bind a surprising quantity of loose hay on a toboggan, it saves both time and hay to have it baled. A liorse toboggan should be twenty-four inches wide and about sixteen feet long. If any hills have to be descended, shafts are absolutely necessary, but in flat country and particularly along a crooked trail simple traces on a whiffle-tree seem to be the most satisfactory. There is, however, considerable divergence of opinion on this point. On the average bush trail made by the surveyor a pony will haul from six to eight hundred pounds, and when it becomes packed and well frozen twelve hundred can be takeu with ease. The ponies stand the cold fajrly well provided one keeps them sheltered from the wind and well covered with, say, two thicknesses of blanket and a canvas cover. They are better unshod unless one has to cross lakes, or in the spring when the trails are sometimes icy. One man can look after one or even two horses Tin'OllltAPHUWh srU'VLYS JiiriMII 137 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25ta ■r.cli hauling from eight to twelve hiuiJred pounds, whilst every dog train iiauliug from three to four hundred pounds must have a driver. It is much easier to make trail for dogs than for hordes. Two men ean readily make in a. day six to eight miles of trail for dogs through ordinary country, and if they use snowshoes and allow a daj' to elapse before travelling upon the trail, it will be hard enough to carry dogs without sinking. For horses a wider trail must be cut and it takes several trips with loaded toboggans and severe frost to make the trail hard enough to carry the horse without sinking. As one generally moves camp along a new trail, the progress is slow at the very time when rapidity is all important. Another point of importance is the crossing of a large lake or open place. After a few trips with the dogs across an open space the trail will be built-up. the light snow drifting in and each trip building it higher and higher until it is level with the surrounding snow. Subsequent winds cannot then block it up. With horse toboggans owing to the greater depth to which the toboggans sink and the plunging of the horses it is rarely possible to make a satisfactory trail across an open place and every trip a fresh trail has to be broken. The surveyor has therefore many points to consider in making his decision as to which method of transportation to adopt — horses or dogs — and as the success of survey depends so largely on successful trajisportation, no trouble should be spared. In a few cases teams and sleighs can be used, but as surveyors are now being pushed farther into the northland and usually beyond any settlement, this is rarely the case, and the toboggan must be resorted to. Generally speaking if in a bush country, and if the trails made can be constantly used, horse transportation is cheaper than dogs, hut in a partly open country and particularly on base line and inEridian surveys, where one is constantly moving on, dogs will be found the most satisfactory. Even in the severest winters some rivers never freeze hard enough to carry horses while one can always tind a place strong enough to carry dogs. Last winter some muskegs in the neighbourhood of The Pas did not freeze on account of the depth of snow and if I had used horses I should- have been compelled to make wide detours with my trails. It might sometimes be advisable to use both horses and dogs; establish a main depot at some suitable point and have horses bring supplies there from the base of supplies aud then use dogs for camp transportation or vice versa, the object being 10 avoid having to carr.v horse or dog feed farther than necessary. I left AVinnipeg on December 19, by the Canadian Northern railway with my outfit and men, arriving at The Pas on the afternoon of the 20th. I had previously sent my assistant there to make inquiries as to the available supply of dogs, and he reported that there were very few to be had, aud those were small; also an exorbitant price was asked, viz., twenty to thirty dollars per head. Mr. E. N. Joyal offered to supply me with six dog trains complete and undertake my transportation, and this I accepted. A little time elapsed before he reported at camp with the dog trains but during the winter he performed his services with considerable satisfaction and relieved me of many details of transportation. I left The Pas on Decemher 26, having been delayed there by the non-arrival of m,y freight. I travelled by team and sleigh to Birch river at which point I had to send the horses back owing to the unsafe condition of the ice. From here I moved across Birch river Indian reserve to my starting-point on the second meridian by means of hand toboggans, a slow and laborious task. Without much difficulty I found the iron jiost left on the south bank of Saskatchewan river. We passed little land of present agricultural value between The Pas and my starting-point. Along the river there is a strip of dry land from ten to forty chains wide, and also along Birch river one can find some dry land where tillable crops could be raised. The remainder of the country is of a swamp' nature which would need ilraining on a wholesale plan to render it fit for agriculture. Hay can be cut around the edges of some of the marshes. It was reported to me that in some seasons of extreme high water the whole country is flooded. I did not have many opportunities 138 DEl'ARTMEyr Of Till: lyiEUlOR 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 for examining the soil owing to the depth of snow, but in most cases I found a rich H black muck which would prove very fertile if drained. Xorth of Saskatchewan river along the second meridian the country continues to be swampy with willow and alder growing thereon. Tearing river which we crossed is a rapid stream carrying the waters of Cumberland and Xamcw lakes into the Saskatchewan. At certain times of the year this river provides excellent sturgeon fishing. Arriving at the north boundary of township 50, I started the survey of the fifteenth base line eastward. In sections 34, 35 and 36 range 31, I crossed a belt of spruce and tamarack from four to six inches in diameter. This strip of timber stretches in a northwesterly direction and contains a con^^iderable quantity suitable for pulp wood. Through range 30 the base line is in a marshy country drained by small sluggish creeks. To the north lies Barrier lalie a shallow lake or more truly a marsh. Saskat- chewan river was crossed in section 36 and along its banks is a dense growth of grey wiUow with black and white poplar up to twelve inches in places. Through range 29 the Saskatchewan was crossed twice, the country being still of a marshy nature with a rich black muck soil. On the south side of the Saskatchewan lies Saskeram lake. This is more truly a large marsh containing some small lakes connected by sluggish creeks. Several small islands exist covered with spruce, tama- rack, poplar and birch up to ten inches. The main winter dog trail between The i'&i and Cumberland House crosses this lake. The base line again crosses Saskatchewan river in section 33, range 27: the banks are covered with willow, alder and white and black poplar up to fourteen inches in places. At ten chains from the left bank of the river the line enters the south end of Eeader lake which is shallow, about six miles across and six miles long. Stretching along the east bank of Eeader lake is a rocky ridge covered with jackpine and scattered birch, spruce and tamarack up to twelve inches. All this ridge is included in Indian reserve No. I'l. Small patches of good land exist and some of these are being utilized by the Indians as gardens. A wagon road starting from the north bank of the Saskatchewan opposite The Pas runs along this ridge as far as Atikameg lake. In the winter this road is used for bringing the fish down from Atikameg lake where they are caught in large quantities. Leaving this ridge the line enters a spruce and tamarack muskeg crossed by a few small ridges until in section 34, range 26, a prominent ridge about a mile in width is encountered covered with spruce, tamarack, jackpine and poplar up to six inches. Along this ridge is the located line of the Hudson Bay railway. To the east there is a large expanse of swamp and muskeg about twelve miles in width. Small lakes and some sluggish streams occur at intervals. A growth of willow generally covers the country, with some small spruce and tamarack along some of the creeks. In ordinary seasons hay can be cut around some of the marshes. In section 36, range 24. there is a ridge from half a mile to one mile in width timbered with spruce, tamarack, poplar, birch and jackpine, averaging eight inches. This ridge has a general northwesterly and southeasterly trend and the timber is sound and would make good niilliiig timber. On the east side of this ridge one again enters swamp and muskeg some ten miles across and of a similar nature to that on the west side of the ridge. On the east side of this swamp on the shore of Moose lake there is some high land. Here we found a small quantity of spruce, tamarack, poplar and jackpine up to six inches and the soil was a sandy loam with considerable rock. Moose lake is a deep water lake of large expanse and is one of the principal fishing grounds in this part of the coimtry. Whitefish, jaekfish and trout are caught in large numbers annually. I produced the line across a bay of this lake finishing on the east side of the first timbered point that projects from the south shore of the lake where it can be readily fmnul when required. I then commenced to move my camp and outfit back to the second meridian arriving there on March 3. My work at this time was somewhat delayed owing to the non-arrival of freight to be brought by the Canadian Xortliern railway to The Pas. TOPOGRAPHICAL SVRVEY^ BliAyCH 139 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b We commenced work on the second meridian on March 6. The line passed through some willow swamp and then crossed the ridge along: the south side of Belanger lake. This lake is deep and about two and one-half miles in length and two miles in width. The main winter trail from The Pas to Cumberland House crosses the northern end. North of the lake is some higher land carrying spruce, poplar, jackpine and tamarack up to ten inches with patches of brule. The soil is generally a sandy loam with con- siderable rock, but some strips of excellent clay loam soil were encountered. The country remains of this description until English narrows, a portion of Xamew lake was reached. Xamew lake which is connected by English narrows and Whitey narrows with Cumberland lake is deep and well stocked with trout, whitefish and jackfish of a large size. The second meridian runs through its entire length crossing some points projecting from the west side. The banks are generally well covered with spruce, tama- rack, poplar and birch up to ten inches, some of it excellent milling timber. The northern shore of Xamew lake was reached in section 24, township 61, and the land rose steadily from the lake shore. The timber increased in size until near the north boundary of section 36, township 61, where the spruce reached a diameter of thirty inches, with scattered birch, poplar, tamarack and jackpine up to twenty inches. The soil was a sandy loam with some surface rock. I reached the north boundary of town- ship 61 on March 27, and decided to finish my season's operations here. There was every sign of an early spring, in fact the lakes were then covered with water. I reached The Pas on March 31, and paid off my part.v. This town, for some time a prominent Hudson Bay post, has made considerable strides during the last few years. It has a population now of about 400, and has five general stores, a doctor and a dentist, school, etc. A steel railway bridge across the Saskatchewan is now in course of construction to connect with the Hudson Bay railway at present being located. A branch line of the Canadian Xortheru railwa.v enters the town and gives a semi- weekly train and mail service. Owing to the lack of agricultural laud in the immediate vciuity of The Pas, agriculture has not been carried on to any great extent. All the usual vegetables seem to thrive well and it is reported that they are not unduly troubled by summer frosts. Undoubtedly if the country were drained the climate would be considerably improved and I am of the opinion that it would make excellent wheat raising land. Theie is a considerable quantity of natural hay meadow, and consequently the raising of cultivated grass has not been necessary, but I was informed that timothy grows well. 140 DKl'AJiVMEXT OF THE lyi ElllDli 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 APPENDIX No. 42. .M^sTKACT OF Tin-: efi>(m;'I" of O. IIOI.FSOX. d.l.s. SLRVUVS IN THE BUAZliAU DISTUICT, SuUTUWliSTKUX Al.BKlCIA. We left Eilmontoii on May 3, 1910, ami proceeded by rail as far a~ Wolf Creek. Thence we followed the rfagon road to Whitemud and the pack-trail southerly to Brazeau river, arriving at our destination in township 44, range 20, west of the fifth n-.eridian exactly one month after leaving Edmonton. The trail followed crosses IMcLeod river about a mile above the mouth of Embarras river, which it, in turn, crosses four miles farther on. To the east of Eml>arras river, near Whitemud, it branches off, one branch followiuK the east fork of the river to the I'aciKc Pass coal mines on the Pembina, and the other following the west fork rn the Yellowhead Pass Coal and Coke company's mines. Following the latter branch of the trail, we proceeded from the mines southwesterly to McLeod river, and th<^nce mostly along the river-bottom to the divide between the McLeod and the Little Brazeau. Reaching the Little Brazeau we followed it to a point near a camping ground known as the " graveyard,' from which a day's travel brought us to our field of work. As far south as the divide between Pembina and Eniliarras rivers, the country is gently rolling with jaekpine on the higher lands, and spruce or tamarack muskegs on the lower lands; some fairly level areas, however, are covered with poplar. The water in the rivers and streams is fresh and good. Xear this divide and east of the ' graveyard,' on Little Brazeau river, the country on both sides of the river has been burned over and is now covered with dead timber, windfall and young jaekpine. Farther south it is much higher and rougher, and tim- bered with pine, spruce, and some fine tamarack and balsam, up to twenty-four inches in diameter. There are many meadows, from five to fort.v acres in extmit which pro- vide splendid feed for horses. South of Little Brazeau, the mountains rise high and rugged, the long ranges running northwesterly and southeasterly, with deep valleys between. The high peaks projecting above timber-line make the scenery beautiful. Rivers anil streams are niniierous, the larger ones having steep cut banks. Coal seams were noted in the cut banks of Brazeau river in townships 4:"! and 44, range 20, but no other minerals were found. The country south of Little Brazeau river is not suited to fanning, but some parts might make good ranching land when cleared, as feed in the meadows and on some of the hillsides is good. The air is always clear and the heat never oppressive, while the nights are cool and summer frosts are frequent. On the morning of August 2.5, there was ten inches of snow, but by noon of the following day it had all disappeared. Game is abundant, consisting of sheep, goats, bears, door and elk, rabbits, mink, ermine, Arc, ip the vicinity of Brazeavi river. Partridges are inimorons in the fall and mountain trout abound in the rivers. Returning at the close of the season, the party followed the trail down the Little Brazeau from the 'graveyard' for a distance of about ten miles, mostly along the river-bottom and thence through a long muskeg valley and over a low divide to the Pem- bina, They then proceeded along the Pembina to the forks, and thence up the Little Pembina to the Pacific Pass coal mines. From hero the trail led over a hish divide and down into the valle.v of the Emliarras and northerly to meet tbc trail from Whitemud. rOI'OCRAPHICAL SrRVFYs BRIXCH 141 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b APPENDIX No. 43. REPORT OF JOSEPH E. ROSS, D.L.S. SURVEYS IX THE KAMLOOPS DISTRICT, BRITISH COLU>ll!I.\. Kamloops, B.C., December 17, 1910. E. Dkville, Esq., LL.D., Surveyor General, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report of my season's operations in the Kamloops district of the railway belt of British Columbia. On April 8, I started from Kamloops for Monte creek and Ducks range, to define the north boundary of the ilartin Mountain Forest reserve. The land to the north of this reserve has been all settled within the past few years and only a few of the poorest quarter sections remain unoccupied. After completing this survey I moved to the Jamieson creek country, on the west of North Thompson river, to survey the sections immediately to the east of, and to locate the east boundary of, the Tranquille Forest reserve. This land is mostly open or openly wooded, and not very hilly. The soil is fairly good and if water were avail- able for irrigation it would be well suited for farming. As it is, the extreme dryness has prevented the few settlers who have located here from meeting with success. From here I moved to lac du Bois to begin the main work of the season, sub- divisions in, and ties between the Tranquille. Copper creek, Criss creek and Deadman valleys. This was the largest continuous stretch of work I have had for some years, the work being usually composed of small scattered surveys. The wagon road does not extend beyond lac du Bois so it was necessary to get a pack-train of six horses for transportation purposes. However there were generally good pack-trails throughout the country, and only on Criss creek was it necessary for us to clear out trails for our use. The most promising farming land we saw during the season was in sections 1 and 11, township 22. range 20. west of the sixth meridian, on Tranquille river, where there is good soil, and water is available for irrigation. With the exception of this land, on which there are now three settlers, the Tranquille valley is narrow and rugged, with steep mountainsides 2,000 feet high and picturesque canyons. While the .-^oil in the settled quarter sections is excellent and easily cleared, an occasional summer frost has each year killed the potatoes, and it seems very doubtful if the settlers will be able to raise them. At an elevation of 4.000 feet there is a plateau covered with dense bush, chiefly jackpine. and unsuitable for agricultural purposes. The early advent of the Canadian Xorthern railway will be of great assistance to the settlers of Copper creek and Tranquille river if a siding is made at Copper creek. A road from there could be built at moderate cost up Copper creek and along the route of the present trail to Tranquille river. After running ties to Copper creek and Kamloops lake from the Tranquille valley, I extended the survey up Copper creek and around the Red lake and Frog creek valley, in which there is no land suitable for settlement, on account of the drv climate and the impossibility of procuring water for irrigation. The land is suitable for grazing, and that is the best that can be said of it. One settler has located on a wild hay meadow in section ."4, township 22. range 21, west of the sixth meridian. 142 DEPARTMKST OF THE IXTERIOIt 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 A tie was run to the existing surveys on Deadman river, crossing a canyon on Criss creek And a high ridge between Criss and Deadman valleys. The work was carried northward to Criss creek valley and another tie run to the end of the old surveys in Deadman valley. Tn the northeast quarter of section 36, township 23, range 21, west of the sixth meridian, the valley of Criss creek becomes wide and partly open and for five miles to the north limit of the railway belt, there is a good strip of arable land in the brushy meadows along the creek. Just outside of the ' belt ' there is a wild hay meadow, 100 acres in extent. While the land along Criss creek is good, and would be excellent agricultural land if situated at a lower altitude, its height, 4,000 feet, with prevalent summer frosts, renders it unsuitable for general farming. It may be a good valley for hay growing and oats may be raised but no test has yet been made. For years this valley has been used by stockmen of the district as a grazing ground. The boundary of the ' belt ' was run from Criss creek to Deadman river, crossing a plateau wooded with jackpine. A wagon road ascending the hill from Tobacco flats, on Deadman river, leads across this plateau to a settlement recently formed by some settlers on the upper Deadman river, in the provincial lands. A road has been built by the settlers from there to another settlement on the upper Bonaparte, where it connects with a govern- ment road leading to Seventy-mile House on the Cariboo road. The road from Tobacco flats is steep and rough, with rocks and side slopes that make travel difficult, and at times dangerous. We thought that we had found the worst road in British Columbia, but we were undeceived on linding a branch leading from this road to Snahooshe (Deadman) lake, on which there was a descent of twenty-five chains at an angle of twenty-four degrees, with a shai-p curve in the middle to add interest. For this descent a sled is used, a wagon being too difficult and dangerous to handle. Deadman river is in a steep, rugged canyon. The ' belt ' boundary crosses the valley at the north end of Mowich lake, over a mile south of Suahooshe, or Deadman lake, where a company which owns the land at Walhaehin (formerly Pennys) is build- ing a big dam for the purpose of holding water in the lake. This company has spent a great deal of money procuring water for irrigating their property. From Deadman river, at the mouth of Criss creek they have built a large flume about eighteen miles in length, while they have also built flumes and ditches from Barnes creek. As a result of their efforts the old Penny ranch has become the thriving village of Wal- haehin, a prospective fruit centre, with a population composed almost entirely of English people starting orchards which should, in a few years, be very productive. Having completed work in the Criss and Deadman valleys I moved to the Summer range, south of Savona, and ran a tie between the existing surveys on Guichon and Barnes creeks. The land here, 4,000 feet above sea-level, is very similar to that on all the plateaus, rolling, wooded country, with occasional hay meadows. Having completed this work I sent the paekhorses to Monte Creek to be wintered, and we went to Ashcroft, moving by train from there to Kamloops. The remainder of the season was spent on subdivision surveys to the south of Kamloops in townships 17, IS and 19, range 18, west of the sixth meridian. This land is about 4,000 feet above sea-level, rolling and broken and thickly woovled with jack- pine. Each year sees some venturesome settler discovering an anticipated ' Mecca ' in a wild hay meadow deeper in the jackpine forests than other settlers have penetrated. Thus the demand comes each year for an extension of the surveys in this district. After one attempt at raising a crop on the high meadows the majority of these hope- ful settlers quit in disgust. On November 23, I completed the work in these town- ships and returned to Kamloops, closing field operations for the season. The year was exceptionally tine and dry, only one day being lost on account of rain. The summer was too dry for the farmers and crops were poor throughout the district. In July and August the country was covered with a pall oi smoke from TOPOGRAPHICAL SCRYEYS BRAWH 143 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b several bush fires, but no great damage was done to timber, the flames keeping to the jaelqiine plateaus. Tranqiiille and Deadman rivers and Criss creek are well stocked with small trout. Deer and bears are quite plentiful in the districts visited, while coyotes are everywhere present, making the night hideous with their yelping. On Criss and Guiehon creeks beaver have built long series of dams, flooding many small meadows. In no part of the year's itinerary were the beneficial results of the ' close season " so strikingly evident as on Guiehon creek, where we were fortu- nate enough to see the animals at work. They are m.arvellously tame, and took very little notice of our presence. However the surveyor whose lines are continually striking ponds and dams, with dense willow, rising out of a couple of feet of water, is apt to consider the renaissance of the beaver a doubtful blessing. The Summer range, between Savona and Guiehon creeks is one of the foremost duck-hunting grounds in British Columbia. On the numerous lakes, ducks and geese abound in the fall. Red lake is a favourite breeding ground for ducks. A surveyor's report from British Columbia is incomplete without some reference to the mosquito pest. This year we were fortunate enough to avoid it. being in country where the nights are cool, and stagnant water scarce. On Copper creek we encountered swarms of black-flies, and endured two weeks of misery. Of the 230 days in the field there were thirty-three Sundays, one day was lost through bad weather, nineteen in moving camp, while the remaining 177 days were occupied in running 172 miles of line and marking corners. IXIining men have for many years had their eyes on the Tranquille. Xear its mouth a gold dredge was tried unsuccessfully. At the " forks,' that is the junction of Tranquille river and Watching creek, some placer mining was done in the early days, but the ground has long lain idle. There is undoubtedly free gold there but up to the present it has not been found in paying quantities. Some prospectors were on the river this summer, and we heard rumours of wealth untold, and saw glowing advertise- ments of the prospective value of shares offered for sale, but the rumours remain unconfirmed. At Copper cieek and Criss creek we ran acro,-s mining claim?. At the former a company built a concentrator several years ago, and did considerable development work on cinnabar properties, but nothing is now done except assessment work. Only a few years ago this Pacific province based its hopes of future greatness on its vast mineral wealth, but the pay-streaks of the past have dwindled to nothingness, and the few substantial mines that now operate are mostly of low grade ore. There have been many small booms, towns of rough buildings and tents rising with startling rapidity, only to fade away to the realms of unpleasant memory. British Columbia at last realizes that minerals are not her great asset, that the fertile soil of her valleys, her forests of giant trees and her salubrious climate are more reliable, and productive of greater wealth. While the farmers were in bad luck this year on account of the exceptionally dry summer, other businesses throve. Ashcrof t, the outfitting point of the Cariboo district was very active. The points of the northern interior, Fort George, Cariboo and Nechacco districts import their supplies through here. From Asheroft automobiles, stages and wagons leave daily with passengers and freight for Soda creek, the foot of navigation on the "upper Fraser river. 165 miles distant. The great rush to the north during the past season threw life into this usually quiet town. Accommodation was scarce, but Asheroft strove to fulfil its duty to the itinerant throng, and prospered. Savona, too, was busier this year than it has been since the days of ' construc- tion.' The lumber mill there worked steadily, supplying material for the buildings and flumes incidental to the development of Walhachin. It is probable that in the near future the flats of the Deadman Creek Indian reserve, between Savona and Wal- hachin, will be the site of the largest fruit raising colony in British Columbia. 144 DEFAUTHESr OF 'lUE ISTEHIOR 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 Kaniloops increases in size from vtar to year, and now contains a population of nearly 3,800. The spirit of optimism is here deep rooted, the coming of new railways is looked for with great expectation and realty speculators art- busy. There is a good fruit and agriculture area contiguous to the town and its winter climate is one of the hest in the Dominion, so optimism is justitied. Three or four years ago the fact that the country is drying up began to grow apparent; ponds that were in existence two years ago are now dry, while the flow of water in the creeks is gradually diminishing. The heavy snow in the hills, upon whieli the water supply of the district is dependent does not come as it used to. Unless a change conies soon and the snow falls deeper in the hills the district will be face to face with a serious problem. In conclusion T wish to state that throughout the season the work progressed smoothly and there was very little time lost. Both the weather and the country in which we were workiusr were fiivourable to progress. I have the honour to be. Sir, Your obedient servant, JOS. E. ROSS, D.L.S. ■Kil'dGHAPHICAL SURVEYS BliiXCH 145 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b APPENDIX No. 44. ABSTRACT OF THE EEPORT OF A. SAINT CYE, D.L.S. Sl'HVEY 01' PART OF TIIK THIRD JIEKIDIAN AND PART Ob" THE SEVENTEENTH BASE WEST OF THE THIRD SIKRIDIAN. During the winter six tons of supplies were forwarded with a great deal of diffi- culty to the north shore of Crean lake. We left Prince Albert May 3, and reached the third meridian on May 13. The line was produced from township 60 to the seven- teenth base line, which was then projected westerly across ranges one to twelve inclusive. East of the third meridian the country is rolling with a descent towards Montreal lake which is about six or eight miles distant. The soil is stony and in many places the surface is covered with windfall. Some large areas of poplar and birch, up to tan inches in diameter, were seen near the meridian but in the vicinit.v of Montreal lake the timber is small and scrubby. The western shore of the lake is low and swampy. In township 61 the soil is light but improves towards the north; large boulders, however, are numerous. There is a little hay land and feed was scarce. In townships 61 and 62 there are several lakes which abound with fish. They are drained by a small stream which flows through a narrow valle.y, between steep hills as far as its junction with Crean creek. From here to Montreal lake the valley liecomes a series of flats, often swamp.v and covered with dense willow or coarse hay. The stream is navigable only a short distance beyond the third meridian. Just south of the north boundary of township 60, a belt of spruce, eight to twenty inches, extends east to the stream above mentioned, and west across ranges 1 and 2. This area has never been burned over though fires have swept the district immediately to the north. North of tov.'nship 60, the country is hilly and this is followed by several miles o^ almost level surface, covered with scrub poplar, birch and jaekpine. Wehakwao (Swearing) lake is situated in townships 6.3 and 64, and is bordered by impassable bogs. The lake which is shallow and well stocked with whitefish and , pike, covers an area of about twenty-five square miles and the distance between the opposite shores along the meridian is six miles. Two streams enter the lake from the west while the outlet is from the east shore southeasterly to Montreal lake. West of the meridian the seventeenth base line crosses several miles of undulating land, alternating with burut-over areas of willow, dense jaekpine or tamarack swamp. A prominent landmark called ' Thunder hill ' by the Indians, lies about two miles north of the base line in range 2. Its base is surrounded by muskegs which drain into a lake on the line in the same range. North of the hill are some hay meadows followetl by stony land with little vegetation. The north of township 65 is hilly with the tops of the hills covere^l with clumps of jaekpine and poplar of large size. These blocks of timber taken together cover about half a square mile and average 22,000 feet B.]M. to the acre. In range 4, the country is partl.v open along the line and the land, being high and rolling, is suitable for grazing. Gras'^ grows in profusion and there are many creeks of fresh water. In range 5, the soil is lighter. Man.v tamarack swamps occur in town- ship 63. with trees from six to eighteen inches. North of the base line the country is rolling or hilly and dotted with lakes. 25b— 10 146 DEPARTMEXT OF THE IXTERIOR 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 Smoothstone lake lies in range 6. It extends from a mile south to about elen-en miles north of the line, and has an area of ninety-five square miles. An island occurs in this lake with an area of nearly three square miles. This island is covered with poplar and spruce suitable for pnlp-wood. West of Smoothstone lake the country is undulating. A block of timber esti- mated to contain seven million feet B.'^^., -stands about one mile and a half west of the shore and another block along the shore will give seven hundred and twenty thousand feet, B.M. A lake covers about two-thirds of township 04, range 8. This lake is shallow and drains through a creek into Sled lake in township 63, ranges 9 and 10. The lake lies in the centre of a low and boggy district, the northern extremity of ' caribou muskeg' which extends south to township 60. High hills wooded with poplar, birch, jackpine, fir and spruce, rise in ranges S and y, about two miles north of the base line. These hills extend north of Dore lake. Their southern slopes will produce two million feet of lumber. On the north shore of Sled lake about six miles south of the base line some half- breeds took up land twelve years ago. They have comfortable houses and on the land they have cleared they grow all the ordinary vegetables, and some have raised oats and barley. The soil is a clay loam free from stones. They also own horses and cattle for which they procure feed from the hay meadows around the lake in township 64, range 8. Good land was again seen in range 12, near Beaver river. Benches heavily timbered with large poplar and birch extend from eight miles south of the base line to three miles north of it. Beaver river is one hundred yards wide where it crosses the base line. This river is the only one in the country explored which is suitable for driving logs. Moose, caribou and red deer roam at will in these districts and bears are quite common. T was frequently warned by the natives to beware of timber- wolves. Their tracks were frequently seen. The fur-bearing animals are coyotes, foxes, otter, mink and lynx. Prairie-chickens, partridges and ptarmigan were also seen. The best varieties of fish caught are whitefish, tnllibee, pickerel and pike. Carp are also plentiful. Ilay ,which I ordered to be put up during the summer near Sled lake, was not available at all; the hay in the vicinity had been retained by the Isle a la Crosse Fish company, and oats which I had ordered to be forwarded to Green lake had not been delivered. We were consequently forced to break camp on December 20. We returned to Green lake and travelled from there to Big river and thence to Prince Albert. I returned to the third meridian later and made a tie survey to Montreal lake. TOPOGRAPHICAL SVRTEYS BRAyCH 147 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b APPENDIX No. 45. ABSTEACT OF THE REPORT OF B. J. SATHSTDERS, D.L.S. Sl'RVEY OF PART OF THE NINETEENTH BASE LINE, WEST OF THE FOURTH MERIDUN. For this survey my supplies were sent in from Edmonton to Lloydminster via ibe Canadian Xorthern railway and tlience by horse teams to a point about fifteen miles beyond the north end of Primrose lake, where a permanent cache was built. This work was done in February and March. From the cache a small portion of the supplies were pushed on by dog teams ten miles farther north to a point near the intersection of the base line with the fourth meridian, but this work had to be dis- continued owing- to the snow going off suddenly and early. It was important and necessary to get these supplies in at this time of the year as the country for about twenty-five or 'thirty miles south of the base is practically one mass of muskeg and nearly impassable in suir:mer-time even for the packliorses. Two men were left in charge of the supplies to protect them from being looted and from fires, and at the same time to do some work in trail making between the cache and the line. In June, I set to work to organize my party and get everything ready. Owing to the great demand for labour throughout the West last year in railroad construc- tion and other work, I found great difficulty in engaging suitable men for the survey and had to take a number of inexperienced men, many of whom' were comparatively new arrivals in Canada. Packhorses for use on the work beyond Cold lake were purchased in Calgary and brought up by rail to Edmonton and on July 12, a start was finally made. The route taken from Edmonton was by trail via Fort Saskatchewan. Brueder- heim, Wostok. Whitford Lake, Saddle Lake, St. Paul de Metis and Cold Lake Indian reserve to Beaver river where a day was spent getting everything ferried across. I was able to take teams and wagons loaded with additional supplies as far as the eighteenth base line to supplement what had been taken in during the winter. The packhorses were loaded lightly so as to save them for the actual work beyond the end of the wa^on road. From the eighteenth base we travelled practically over the same trail which had been used by Mr. Wallace when surveying the fourth meridian in 1909. After about one week's tedious work, camp was pitched on. a widening of Calder river near the beginning of the line, this being the only place where there was any semblance of grass for our horses. In six weeks time we had run only about eleven miles of line, so much time being required making and repairing trails to enable our horses to get along. It is no exaggeration to say that as many miles of corduroying were necessary in trail making, as there were miles of line run. There being practically no feed for the horses along or close to the line, I con- cluded that the only thing to be done to push the survey along was to endeavour to get the line ahead to the Lac la Biche-McMurray dog trail, and to take in supplies Vjy this route if possible. Reports were current that plenty of hay could be put up in the vicinity of Whitewood lake, which the line would probably intersect, or run close to in range 7 or 8. These reports I found to my sorrow to be misleading and untrue. Having returned to Edmonton in October for more supplies. I made the attempt to meet my men. or some of them, as definitely arranged before leaving camp, at Whitewood lake, but this proved unsuccessful after a most arduous trial in which two or three of my men. as well as myself, nearly perished by drowning and freezing. On Xew Tear's day I returned to Lac la Biche and went in again via St. Paul and 25b— lOi 148 DEPARTilEyr OF THE lyTEKlOl! 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 Cold lake and met my party coming out. Of the twenty horses left with tliem. only one was alive, the others having succumbed to the cold, starvation, and attacks of wolves. The section of the country traversed by the nineteenth base line up to range 6, lies practically on the watershed of streams flowing easterly, southerly and northerly, and in consequence there are no streams of any size met with. Small muskeg lakes are quite numerous and muskeg is met with everywhere. The timber consists of small spruce, tamarack and pitch-pine; only an occasional poplar was seen. Fires have no doubt swept the country periodically and as a result, the timber is small and scrubiiy and quite unfit for commercial purpose;. Where there is any soil it is poor, and in my opinion unsuitable for agricultural purposes. Moose and caribou are very plentiful, as are also timber-wolves. The weather was extremely cold in December and January, quite the severest I have ever experienced and snow lay three feet deep on the level. Should it be decided to continue the survey of this line, it would be best to take in supplies via Lac la Biche in winter and cache them at points where the line would intersect the two dog trails leading from Lac la Biche to McMurray. and a trail running from Owl river to House river. Necessary supplies, if horses are used on the survey, should include plenty of hay and oats. TOPOGRAPHICAL slRrEYS BRAyCH 149 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b APPENDIX No. 46. ABSTRACT OF THE REPOET OF W. A. SCOTT, D.L.S. MISCELLANEOUS SURVEYS IS SOUTHERN ALBERTA AXD SASKATCHEWAN. T'pon receipt of instriictioii> I left Pineher Creek on May 7. aiul on the 14th arrived at our first work in township 9, range 30, west of the fourth meridian. On the completion of the work in connection with the Peigan timber limit in township 9. the party moved to township 10, and enclosed the block composed of sec- tions 1 and 12. The work so far was in the Porcupine hills, a range 1.500 feet above the level of the prairie to the east. The summit runs almost due north ami south slightly to the east of the fifth meridian. The hills are timbered with fir up to four :ind a lialf feet in diameter. On the whnle. the east and south slopes of the ridges may be said to be bare or covered with small poplar, and the creeks in the valleys contain many opeai patches. The soil is a rich black loam with a light subsoil but i\\ ins t(i the hilly, wooded nature of the country anl to frequent summer frosts. it is not suited for farming. It does however afford an e.xcellent opportunity for ranching. There is much merchantable timber left in the hills although a great deal of the best of it has already been taken out. No difficulty is experienced in reaching almost any part of the Porcupine hills by wagon road, as there is one crossing the summit from east to -west every few miles. Our next work was the subdivision of part of township 11. range 2. we.st of the fifth meridian, which is easily reached by a good wagon road. The country here is very similar to that in the Porcupine hills but there is little heavy timber except on the tops of the ridges where there are a few scattered fir; the remaining timber is small poplar and willow. The valleys are open and afford good grazing for stock. Very little effort is here made to raise a large quantity of grain, the time of the people in this vicinity being devoted to the raising of stock. On the completion of this work the partj' moved, on June 11, to the third base line to connect up three miles which crosses the summit of the Livingstone range. This was a rather difficult piece of work and as it could not be completed from one end, necessitated a two days' move, by wagon and pack-train, around through the Crows- nest pass to the other end of the three miles. The Livingstone range here is 2.500 feet above the level of the land to the east and marks the dividing line between hilly prairie to the east and a rough mountainous country to the west. The easterly slope of the range is more precipitous than the westerly slope. We moved to township 10. range 4. going by a wagon road tn the '3ap' in the Livingstone range, thence up the valley of Racehorse creek four miles by wagon over a trail cut by ourselves, and the remaining distance of two miles, by pack-train. The atmosphere soon began to become very smoky on account of forest fires to the south. When the work for which I had instructions in this township was completed I con- sidered it advisable to move camp to some point where the party could be moved from all danger of the fire in a short time, as the fire from the south had reached a point only six miles south of our camp, and there was a forest fire in township 12, range 4, to the north of tis. which at that time was under control but which at any tim.e might break out again. Two men from my party were assisting the Dominion Forest Fire Ranger at the northerly fire. I accordingly, on July 21, moved camp to the 'Gap' and completed the traverse of the North Fork of Oldman river. This traverse took three days and from the completion of the traverse until August 6. the entire party 150 DEPABTilEXT OF THE ISTERIOR 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 were fighting forest fires under the supervision of Dominion Forest Fire Eanger, Mr. Hart. At one time only, was any danger encountered when, due to a heavy wind and big timber, the fire suddenly increased in violence and camp had to be moved from the ' Gap ' to a point of safety several miles east, outside of the Livingstone range. In this case the outfit was started only fifteen minutes in advance of the fire on account of having some difficulty in finding the horses which were two or three miles from camp. Various methods of fighting the forest fires were employed, but during the day when the wind freshened it was impossible to do anj'thing. On the evening of August 5, the rain started and continued all the following day; this eflfectually put an end to the fires. I considen-ed it advisable to work outside of the mountains until such time as the grass in the burned area would have grown sufii- ciently to afford feed for the horses, so on August 8, I moved camp to township 10, range 1. The easteirn half of this township is in the Porcupine hills and much of this part is covered with timber, poplar on the lower and fir on the higher hills. The west- ern half is rolling prairie and is suitable for farming purposes, while the eastern half is suitable only for the grazing of stock. This township is readily accessible by good wagon roads. On September 5, we moved back to township 12, range 4. Owing to a two days' snowstorm on the 6th and 7th work was not commenced until the 9th. It was found that the grass had grown sufficiently to aflEord feed for the horses but baled hay had to be supplietl to the picket horse. Owing to the fire the production of lines was made easier than formerly as f.ll uuderbush had been burned up. as well as the fallen timber of previous fires, which was so dense in this part. The timber pra\-ious to the fire was on the whole a dense growth of small second-growth jackpine. The westerly boundary of the burned area may be roughly said to be one mile east of the east boundary of range 5, and the northerly boundary one mile north of the fourth base line. The best timber in this section is in range 5. A fire in the mountains is a more serious setback to the country than a similar fire in a flat country. Where the fire burned furiously up hill or was fanned by a heavy breeze, everything was consumed. Theire is at best but little soil covering the rock and stones and this was entirely consumetl, leaving nothing in these parts but dead charred poles still standing in their bed of stones, gravel, and ashes. Under these conditions it may be many years before vegetation will again obtain a hold on these hills. There is a good wagon road from Cowley or Lundbreck as far as the 'Gap' ; here a bridge was burned out which makes the passage of a heavy load impossible without 'doubling up'. From the 'Gap' a wagon road follows the valley of the North Fork as far as section 11, township 12, range 3. Another wagon road branches from this road at the mouth of the northwest branch and follows the valley of this stream as far as section 9, township 12, range 4, at which point the deserted camp of the Great West Coal company is situated. There are numerous old Indian pack-trails following up the valley of almost every creek but they are only passable for an Indian and require to be cut out if they are to be used to any extent. The general direction of all the ridges is north and south coinciding with the strike of the rocks. The top? of the ridges are usually bare rock of either grey or black shale, or a hard cherty* conglomerate. The Livingstone range is an exception to this rule consisting of limestone or grey shale with limestone greatly in predominance. There is a large amount of coal in the hills, it being found immediately beneath the conglomerate. The dip of the rocks is towards the west and varies from .^O to CO degrees. Outcrops of coal may be seen at the tops of most of the hills. No doubt in the near future these coal areas will be made accessible by a railway. The fall in the rivers I have estimated to be about fifty feet to the mile. Such a fall a? thi?. e.imblu.'l with the nature of the country affords an unexcelled opportunity for the development of water-power. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 151 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b The work in township 11, range 4, was complete and work in township 12 in the same range was commenced. This was proceeded with until the end of October when I considered it advisable to bring in the party and start on miscellaneous correction surveys in Saskatchewan. The party was paid oft' in Pincher Creek on November 1. After surveying the east boundaries of sections 29 and 32, township 13, range 2, west of the fifth meridian, I and my assistant took the train for Swift Current, Saskatchewan on November 11. \\ ork was commenced in township 16, range 13, west of the third meridian on November 14. I retraced the east boundaries of sections 3, 10, 15, 22, 27 and 34 and the north boundaries of sections 10 and 11 and reported that a resurvey of the entire township would be advisable. I left Swift Current on November 19 for Froude and arrived there on the 21.~t. I drove to township T, range 10, west of the second meridian and after chaining twelve miles of meridians, I reported that a resurvey of the entire township was necessary. On November 24, I left Froude and took the train for Zealandia arriving there on the following day. I drove to township 28, range 12, west of the third meridian and completed the subdivision of this township, establishing a new northerly boundary of Lake No. 1. I left Zealandia for Quinton on December 1, arriving there the following day and drove to township 2T, range 17, west of the second meridian to investigate the boundary of Mission lake in ranges 17 and IS. I found that the boundary was not shown correctly on the township map and I made a traverse of this lake. I returned to Quinton on December 7, and as the ground was covered with snow to a depth of eighteen inches I did not consider it advisable to continue work. I accordingly dis- banded the party and left for home arriving at Gait on December 10. 152 DF.PARTilE'Sr OF THE IMEUIOlt 2 GEORGE v.. A. 1912 APPENDIX No. 47. ABSTRACT OY TlIK KKPOUT ol' II. W. SKLliV. D.L.S. JIISCELLAXEOLS SI RVEVS AT ATIJABASKA LANDING AND .M(, .M I RRAV. The subdivision of lots at Atliabaska Laiuling was coir.pletud on May 12. The surface of the part subdivided was timbered and the survey required more cutting than I had anticipated. The land is rough and stony, and the soil sandy and gravelly so that nothing but vegetables could be grown on it. The weather during the survey was fine but bush fires in the vicinity rendered the atmosphere so smoky that it was difficult to t^ecure an observation for azimuth. On May 21, I left Athabaska Landing for McMurray where I made some settle- ment surveys, ily party had gone on. May ](>, b.v tlie regular Hudson's Bay company's transport, but I was detained b.v illness until the next transport left on May 21. I reached ilcMurray on June S and my assistant, who with the party arrived a few days before, had established camp and traversed a jiart of the shores of Athabaska and McMurray rivers. He had plotted the information gained so that when the Minister of the Interior arrived on the 9th the plan was of very material assistance in determi- ning what sui-veys were to be performed. The old Hudson's Bay compan.y's fort, now abandoned except for a short period in winter, is pieturesf-uel.v situated on a bench overlooking Athabaska riveT towards the north, and at the base of a range of hills 200 feet high. These hills are composed niainl.v of a substance known as tar sands overlying limestone and covered by a thick layer of clay soil. The surface is heavily covered with poplar and scattered spruce with much underbrush and vegetation. The flat on which the fort is situated extends southeasterly from the main river along the foot of the hills above deseribsd for a distance of two miles, where it is cut by Hanging Horse creek and McMurray river. It has a width of about three-quarters of a mile. The greater part is covered with a thick growth of poplar and willow, but there are several prairie openings cause:! no doubt b.v fire cleaning up the land from which the timber for the use of the fort and other houses which have been occupied from time to time had been cut. It is I'ul.v some twenty years since the Hudson's Bay company began bringing their sup- ]dies for the north from Edmonton and down the Athabaska river. Formerly these were brought down from Winnipeg via the Saskatchewan and McMurray rivers. One can imagine that the large number of boats needed to carry these supplies in on& trip over the many portages met with by that route, would require also a large crew nf men, who, having reached the end of their troubles, would probabl.v cani]) at Mc- .\I\n-r;iy. renting for several da.vs, before starting on their long return trip up stream perhaps leaving large camp fires to spread. This, I say, going on for many years miaht account for the prairie openings found here and on the island btit nowhere else for many miles around. Athabaska and ifcMurray rivers have cut a channel which leaves an island between the main branch of Athabaska river and the con- fluence of the other branch with the McMurray, and this channel, through which at high stages of water part of McMurray river discharges, forms the easterly boundar.v of this flat. Very little attempt has been made to grow any grain except in the vicinity of the fort and on the island. Wheat, oats and barle.v, besides all kinds of \esretablei have been grown on the island, for at lea^t thirty five years, an 1. 1 am told, without being damaged by frost. T'pon this flat of land I found seventeen squatters. Having laid down on paper the area claimed b.v these squatters, I divideil it into- TOPOGRAPHKAI. .ST/iM Tjr.S BRAXCH 153 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b Uvehty-lour lots and apportioned to each squatter his iiuproveiueiits and as much of the laud as the lot lines would permit without encroaching upon the improve- nients of his neighbour. With the exception of about half a dozen who have been living here for some years and have habitable houses, and fenced gardens, these squatters have made very little attempt to improve their land. I think, probably, the cause for this was that until a survey was made, no one wished to improve a piece ol ground he was not likely to get. Since the survey was made two have begun breaking and several are arranging to build better houses, and are sending for horses and implements to make improvements with. There is very little use for much grain growing until railroad transportation is established. As the quantity required is at present so small one ten-acre field would supply more than could be disposed of. It may be thought that the finding of petroleum, the mining of salt, tar sands, limestone and coal ,together with the prospect of iron and copper in the vicinity, would encourage the development of the agricultural areas. This no doubt would be the case, but there is not the least chance for any of those industries being carried on until the facilities for importing machinery and supplies and exjjorting the min- erals are improved to a great extent. There is another feature that will influence the settlement of the countrj- and that is the enormous areas of pulp-wood which are tributary to Athabaska river and which cannot be taken up-stream. This would be manufactured at some point either here or farther down the river where power could be readily developed. East of the n:outh of Hanging Stone creek, along the banks of ^McMurray river, there is a flat from half a mile to a mile wide, heavily timbered with poplar and spruce, At the request of those occupying lands on the base line, I laid out a road ninety- nine feet wide through the settlement which they desired in anticipation of the building up of a town of some importance should a railway be built into the set- tlement. 154 DEPAUTMEXT OF THE nTEKIOR 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 APPENDIX No. 48. ABSTRACT OF THE IIEPOKT OF D. A. SirFFH. D.L.S. SUKVEVS IN Tllli RAU.WAY BELT, BKlTlSli COLUMBIA. We left Kamloops on Alay 29, 1910, and reached our tirst work which was in township 25, range S, west of the sixth meridian, on the 31st. The land surveyed in this district all lies within a few miles of Shuswap lake and is easily reached by boat from Sicamous. Launches and steamers run on Shuswap lake and will land passengers or freight wherever desired. Violent and sudden storrcs, however, render travelling by small craft dangerous. Hunakwa lake is reached by portage from the head of Anstey Arm. The por- tage is about a mile long with good tirm ground and very little climbing. In high water a small boat may be taken up Ilunakwa cieek but during the time of survey June, there was not enough water to float an empty canoe. The survey was commenced from the northeast corner of section 27, township 25, range 8, a point established by Mr. J. E. Ross, D.L.S. , and was carried by triangula- tion across to the east side of Seymour Arm, where all the work lay. From Seymour Arm the survey was carried as far east as was expedient and the remainder of the work in that district was completed from Anstey Arm and Hunakwa lake. During the early part of the work and from the latter part of September to the middle of November, when we left Shuswap lake, there was scarcely a day without rain and frequently the win lasted all day. Tlie thick underbrush was always wet so that it was almost as disagreeable on a fine day as on a rainy one. During July, August and the early part of September, the weather was exceptionally good. Con- siderable time was necessarily lost in going to and from work, since much of the land surveyed lay at some distance from the shore, and owing to the rugged nature of the country it was a slow and diflicult undertaking to pack a camp outfit to a convenient place. The land rises generally from the shore of Shuswap lake from two to eight hundred feet, with steep rocky slopes of which very little is suited for agriculture. Back of this there is generally a gently rolling bench or series of benches extending to the foot of the mountains. At the north end of Anstey Arm is a level tract of land about a mile in width extending to Hunakwa lake; this lake is about three miles long and half a mile wide. There are numerous small creeks, Anstey creek being the largest. During high water it ma.v be used for bringing down logs, and from its rapids and falls considerable power might be developed. By far the most valuable of the resources is the lumber though much of this part has been swept by fires in recent years, ilost of the valuable timber has already been disposed of. and, outside of the timber berths, the good timber is scattered and diflScult to get out. Ko minerals of value have been discovered, but the country has not been thoroughly prospected. Fish are plentiful but the.v are more of a sporting than a financial asset. Game is scarce, a bear, a deer and a few grouse being all that were seen in the district though signs of bears and deer were frequently noticed. So far no attempts at cultivation have been made with the exception of small gardens, indifferently cared for, but the results, considering the work done, were pro- mising. A few miles to the north, the conmion varieties of garden produce have been tried with excellent results. At the head of Seymour Arm a large tract of land is being planted with fruit trees, but what success will attend this industry remains TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS DRA.WH 155 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b to be seen. Early frosts especially on the higher levels, is the greatest danger that threatens them. Irrigation is not considered necessary, and, judging from the past season, the rainfall is sufficient for all purposes. Small wild fruit grows abundantly wherever a chance is afforded and there is no doubt that all small fruits would yield well. The swamp land can be drained and used for grain, hay and garden produce. The quality of the land is very variable. There is a great deal of land in the territory surveyed that is useless from an agricultural standpoint largely on account of the rock and steep slopes, but it was necessary to sui-vey it to take in what was good. The prevailing soil is a sandy loam with a gravel or gravelly loam subsoil. The swamps are generally of rich black loam, at present wet but easily drained. On the completion of the work iu the Shuswap district I moved to township 25, range 20, west of the fifth meridian about fifteen miles southeast from Golden. This part is easily reached by a wagon road following up the Columbia valley from Golden to Fort Steele. The Kootenay Central railway is graded out about fifteen miles from Golden but only about a mile of track has been laid yet. During the time we were working in this district, the trees were heavily laden with snow. This, with from one to two feet of snow on the ground made fair progress impossible. Most of the work lay on the bench land where there is a thick growth of trees, the more open land in the bottom having been previously surveyed. The snow in the bottom was about six or seven inches deep. The land rises from the river-flat with a very gentle slope which extends back varying distances to the foot of the steep slope leading to the upper bench land. Most of this lower land is good and has already been taken up. The upper bench extends in a gentle slope or a series of benches to the steep rocky sides of the mountains. The steep slope leading from the lower to the upper bench land is useless for agricultural purposes. So far as soil is concerned much of the upper land is good. It is generally clay loam, sometimes with sandy Of gravelly subsoil, and is suitable for grain or fruit. In this township, there is some good timber, chiefly fir, but here as iu the Shuswap district the best has been disposed of and what remains is very difiieult to get out. No mineral discoveries have been made, at least no mines are at present being worked- The township is intersected by numerous small creeks some of which are being used to irrigate the lower land and small areas of the upper land. Irrigation will have to depend almost entirely on the rainfall which I believe is not sufiicient for requirements. In the settled parts, a number of apple trees have been planted, but have not given satisfactory results, many of them having died. The apples that I saw, which were grown in the district, were small but of good quality. It is doubtful if the upper benches will be suitable for fruit owing to the early frosts. Small fruits of all kinds give very large returns and are easil.v grown. From experience it would seem that on these, rather than on apples, the settlers will have to depend. Alfalfa has been grown and yields well. Game is scarce, nothing but grouse being seen, though brown bears and grizzlies, deer, sheep and goats are reported to be fairly plentiful on the higher lands. Nearly all fur-bearing animals are becoming scarce in the railway belt. 156 DEPARTVEXT oF THE lyTERIOR 2 GEORGE \'.. A. 1912 APPENDIX No. 49. ABSTRACT OF THE REPORT OF L. D. X. STEWART, P.L.S. Sl'RVEYS IX THE KAMLOOrS DISTRICT IX THE RAILWAY BELT, BRITISH COLlNiB^V. After orjiauizine' my party at Kamloops we left on May 27 for towii5lii-i 23. range 0, west of the sixth meridian on the north shore of Shuswap lake. The land in this township rise>5 somewhat abruptly from the lake except at the mouth of Ross creek where there is a flat of seven or eight hundred acres in sections 17 and is. The land in townships 22 and 23, ranges 9 and 10, where I worked is well adapted to fruit growing and mixed farming, being a sandy loam with a clay and gravelly subsoil. Several settlers are located on this part of the lake and some have orchards bearing fruit equal in quality to that of the Okanagan district. The climate is excel- lent being very similar to that of the Niagara peninsula of Ontario. There is plenty of rain in June; August and September are dry, while October. Xovember and December are wet. There was a slight frost one night about the middle of August but this is unusual. The water is excellent in both Shuswap lake and the tributaries, but the small streams usually become dry in August. iShuswap lake abounds with tish of several varieties, the principal being grey, rainbow, dolly-varden and silver trout, while in autumn the salmon run up from the sea, frequently in inmiense quantities. Brook-trout are found in Ross creek. Grouse are plentiful in the district and wild ducks are found on Shuswap lake in the fall. Black-tailed deer are plentiful and caribou are found on the higher elevations. Shuswap lake seldom freezes over and steamers run all winter. During the winter of 1910-11 there was a tri-weekly service from Sicamous to the head of Seymour arm. There is a wagon road from Xoteh Hill to Archie Redman's on section .30. town- ship 22, range 10. which could be continued at a small cost around the south shore of the lake. There is also a wagon road on the north side of the lake extending the greater part of the way across township 23. range 10. The land around the lake is well timbered, but in some places it has been more or less cut for lumber purposes, and there are frequent evidences of forest fires. In these cases thick second-growth is springing up. TOPOGRAPHICAL SVRYKYS BRAXCH 157 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b APPENDIX No, 50. ABSTKACT OF THE REPORT OF P. B. STREET, D.L.S. SURVEYS IX THE RAILWAY BELT, BRITISH COLUMBIA. On June 12. we left Sicamous Juuction up Shuswap lake to Ciiineiiiousim nar- rows tlirougli which we passed and proceeded northerly up Seymour arm. This lake is very treacherous and dangerous as it is subject to sudden and violent storms. The country at the head of Seymour arm is rather rough and for the most part covered with timber. Township 26, range T, west of the si.xth meridian, in which my first work was situated, is made fractional by the boundary line of the railway belt which divides the Dominion and Provincial lands. Practically all this township lies on the east side of Seymour arm. The surface is broken by a series of ridges and valleys running northerly and southerly for the most part, the mountain range to the east also following a northerly and southerly direction. The northerly portion of Hunakwa lake lies in section 4 of this township; this lake is fed by creeks to the north and east, and empties into Anstey arm to the south. A well-cut pack-trail runs southwesterly from the head of Seymour arm to Hunakwa lake. Along the lake shore the timber is fairly open and easy to walk through, but farther back there is a great deal of second- growth cedar and hemlock, which is so dense in places that it is almost impossible to force a passage. The greater part of the south half of this township is rather dry and stony, but irrigation might be successfid as two lakes of considerable depth occur in sections o and G. The best timber in this township has long since been logged off or burned, the only timber of any value being some cedar in the southeast quarter of section 17, and a very few scattered white pine and fir in the other sections. Very little marsh or hay land is found in this township, but a small patch in section 16 and another patch in section 21 produce some slough hay of fair value. None of the settlers in this township have been there long enough to have fruit trees whiuh are producing, but the trees that I saw seemed to be doing well. There are patches of nearly level land varying from five to fifty acres which would be suit- able for fruit farming, especially small fruits, and if irrigation can be resorted to. probably fifty per cent of this township can be successfully cultivated. The soil varies from a light sandy, loam on the ridges to a heavy clay on some of the flat lands, but this clay does not occur extensively. One settler in section 16 showed me some good vegetables grown without irrigation. In sections 7 and 8, where there was once a logging camp, timothy and clover were growing most luxuriantly, which suggests that the ridges unsuitable for fruit or root crops might make very good pasture. Rain fell freely during June and July, but August was rather dry and very warm. The lake rises until the first week of July and then commences to fall, the water falling rapidly in August. Xo minerals were found in this township, although small pieces of rock containing good mica samples can be found almost everywhere. About twelve miles north of here there are a great number of claims staked out, and some very good samples of silver and lea^ ores are brought down every week. The old pack- trail to the ' Big Bend ' country starts at the head of this arm and the provincial government are building another road up to the mining claims. There seems to be no game in this district, as none of our party saw any grouse, ducks, rabbits or larger game during the ten weeks we were in the district. Some very good trout can be caught at certain seasons of the year, and the annual salmon run provides the settlers with their winter supply of fish, the salmon being easily speareil in the shallow water, and either salted or smoked for future use. 158 DEPAlx'TMEXT OF THE ISTEUIOU 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 On completing this work I moved across the arm into township 26, range S. The Arrow Lakes Lumber company have their offices and supply post here on ("elista creek-. and have four camps up the creek. This township is also fractional and is still partly held under timber berth. Some excellent land is found Jiere, and Celista creek would make irrigation very easy. In section 2 there is land almost entirely cleared, con- sisting of good rich clay loam. There is considerable timber left in this township yet. but it is mostly hemlock. Some birch, for which tiiere was a good demand last summer, when cut into cord-wood, grows on the ridges. The Arrow Lakes Lumber company have a large stern-wheel steamer which makes occasional trips up to this camp, and which will carry and deliver any freight for the settlers. The Fruitlands company are going to build a small steamer to run from Sicanious Junction to their property, for the benefit of the settlers. This company built a hotel and a store and succeeded in getting a post-office, ' Seymour Arm,' started this summer. They have about twenty settlers on the lands now. Considerable water-power could be developed along Celista creek, there being a series of falls just inside the railway belt. There is also considerable water-power on Seymour river, but this will probably be utilized when mining operations begin. On completing the work here I received instructions to proceed with the survey of agricultural lands in township 22, range 1, west of the sixth meridian and accordingly moved my party to Revelstoke. I sent my assistant, who had arrived just before the completion of the work on the lake, down to Green- slide with the party and outfit, and took my rowboat and a load of provisions down Columbia river to the camp at the foot of the slide. The surface in this locality is much more rugged than in Shuswap, there being less bottom-lands and the bench lands being much more sloping. Practically all the best farming lands in this district are held by timber berth leases and immediate settlement is prevented. There are plenty of large fir on the bench lands here and less hemlock than on the lake, but the most valuable and accessible patches of timber are under timber berth licenses. The south half of this township is very rocky on the east side of the river, and is useless for agricultural purposes. The soil in this district is mostly clay loam, and the settlers are getting e.xeeedingly good results. Some hay lands occur along the river, but the floods deposit so much mud on the hay that I am told it is next to useless. I think that this district is best suited to raising small fruits as these require little moisture after July. We noticed some grouse, rab- bits, ducks and a great many signs of black bears in the district, while goats, caribou. deer and grizzly bears were found above the snow-line. Lumbering is the chief irdustry, there being a large mill at Arrowhead, -. nd many camps at various points on the river and o\ the Arrow lakes. A wagon road is being built from Revelstoke, and during the present .vear was completed to the north boundary of this township. The Arrowhead branch of the Canadian Pacific railway also gives ready access to this district. On completing the work here, I moved into township 24, range 2, west of the sixth meridian, to survey some legal subdivisions which are withdrawn from timber berths. As this township adjoins the town of Revelstoke. the lands here are decidedly valuable, and although the available farming land is limited in extent the soil is very rich, and the land is practically all logged off, making clearing very eas.v. Settlers in this district are making money hauling cord-wood to Revelstoke. A good wagon road runs through this township. I left Revel9|^e on November 3 and moved to Golden. Fearing early snows I decided to survey the higher lands first, leaving the flats till later and accordingly placed my camp on Hospital creek, about three miles by road from Golden. The country in this district is more easil.v accessible than the valley south or north of Revelstoke, wagons being used almost entirely. There are more bottom-lands and considerably more bench lands here than in the lower Columbia valley, and as most of these benches are lightly timbered, they are very easily cleared. The land TtiroCUM'HfCAL SURVEYS BR Ay CM 159 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b being much less rolling, such crops as fall wheat are raised and yield good results. The uplands, over 3,."i00 feet above sea-level, are frequently found covered with hay which makes fair pasture. Small fruits do well here but up to the present no fruit trees have proved a success, the trees all beginning to bear profusely in the second or third year and succumbing early. Root crops, however, do well. The Columbia River Lumber company have a large mill at Golden which is at present supplying the town with electric power and lighting. This company own large limits in this district and furnish employment to luuidreds of men. The Kootenay Central railway, which is to run from Golden to Cranbrook, is being- pushed rapidly to completion, and will open a large and fertile country to the south. As in Revelstoke, fuel is rather expensive, and the settlers were making money this fall selling cord-wood, some of which was cut within a mile of the town. A great many logs have been taken out by settlers in this township, and a great deal of cord-wood has been cut under permit. This has removed the bulk of the large trees, and in many cases clearing would be easy, the second growth being mostly puplar. birch and jaekpiiie. 160 ni:i'\inuE\T or rni: i\Ti:uinn 2 GEORGE v.. A. 1912 APPENDIX No. 51. ABSTRACT OF THE REPORT OF J. N. WALLACE, U.L.S. Sl'RVEY »>l' PAKT OK TllK FOURTH MliltlDIAN. During- the reason of l!tU9 the fourth meridian was surveyed as far as the twenty- tirst base line, at the north of township 80. This last season it was continued to tli. middle of township 9o, being a further distance of eighty-seven n-.iles. I had sent a large quantity of supplies from Edmonton, expecting to be able to get them up to township SO on sleighs, but as a road iiad to be cut out, and tin- spring opened up nearly a month earlier than in 1909, the result was that these sup- plies had only reached township 71, when the snow suddenly went off, and they had to be cached there. Subsequently they had to be taken north on packhorses, and during the season I had to pack everything from township 71 until the line reached McMurray (formerly Clearwater) river in township 89, a distance of one hundred and eight miles in a straight line, and about one hundred and fifty miles by pack-trail. In order to carry the survey north of McMiirray river, it was necessary to find some means of transportation other than by pack-trail along the meridian from Cold lake, and two routes presented themselves. One of these was to follow the old route from Prince Albert, by way of Isle a la Crosse and Methye portage, to McMurray river. The other was to send freight in scows down Athabaska river to McMurray and from there up McMurray river. By the Prince Albert route freight can go by railway one hundred miles north- west to Big river. From there it must go to Isle a la Crosse by sleighs in winter, then to the north end of Buffalo lake by steamer, and from there to the head of Methye lake by cai,oes. From what I know of the difficulty of getting freight from the north end of Buffalo lake to the crossing of the meridian on Mc^furray river I do not think this route would be satisfactory. By the Athabaska route there is no great difBeulty in getting freight to the Cas- cade rapids on McMurray river. There are no rapids between Mc^[urray and this point, which is only twelve miles west of where the meridian crosses McMurray river. For the next eight miles above Cascade rapids there are many other rapids. There are fairly good portages past them all, and in former years these were utilized, and freight went right up to the end of the wagon road leading from Mc^lurray river to IMcthye lake, then down this wagon roaer, but the ground is strewn with much small windfall. The new growth of pine is very dense through the nortii half of township 92, and through township 93. It is generally only about ten feet high, b\it looks strong and healthy. There are small isolateil patches of imbumt living pine averaging about six inches in diameter, scattered irregularly over the district, these having for some reason escaped the general conflagration. If the past history of the area north of ilcifurray valley is to be judged by the extreme scarcity of any timber over a few inches in diameter, either now living or dead, it is a history which does not augur well for the future chances of the new growth now coming up. The last growth is only eight feet liigh, and the previous growth was not given a chance to attain over a few inches in diameter. The same record of new growth coming up to replace the one destroyed by fire, only itseK to be destroyed before it could reach maturity, has probably been going on for centu- ries. Fires have not only destroj'ed the timber but they have burnt off all the decayed vegetation which formed about the only source from which these sandy areas could have derived fertile soil. It is too late now, even if fires were kept out, for soil to accumulate, but jackpine can grow on these sandy areas where apparently nothing else can grow, and if given a fair chance it will grow at least twelve inches in diameter. While no doubt there are a few other causes of forest fires in the north, the main cause is a camp-tire left smouldering. The average traveller in that country knows enough to keep a fire under control when he is lighting and using it, but he does not know enough to see the necessity of extinguishing it when he is done with it. The cases where a man cannot extinguish a fire for want of water or for some other cause are very few. The cases where, when he is leaving, he looks back at the half extin- guished fire, knows there is a risk, but deliberately chances it, are very common; and such cases are not due to laziness, but are often due to that fault of character, especi- ally common in the Northwest, which thinks it a weakness to take precaution against a danger rather than to risk its occurring. On Novembeii- 10, the meridian had reached the north of section 13, township 94, a distance of thirty-one miles north of Meilurray river. The snow had been sufficiently deep to use sleighs on Novenilier 5, but some of the swamps were not then sufficiently frozen to carry horses. On November 10, the horses were sent back to Mcilurray river to bring up the sleighs which had been sent down from Edmonton with the ilcMurray freight, and were now at Cascade rapids. The teams were delayed b.v the swamps not being sufficiently frozen, and did not get back to camp until November 26, by which time the meridian had been surveyed up to the north of township 94. From ilcilurray river we had throughout been cutting a sleigh road in addition to a pack-trail, and this road was now called into use. There is noAv a good sleigh road from the house at Cascade rapids on irc"\rurray river to the north of section 13. town- ship 95. Through township 94 the country becomes very hilly. Jackpine is almost the only growth of any kind, and the soil is almost all pure fine sand with only half an inch of moss on the surface. The iiinc is generally very small, often only a few feet hit'h, and does not grow thickly. Very little cutting is required even to make a wagon TOPOGRAPHICAL 8VRTETS BRAXCB 167 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b road, and the surface is all dry. There are mimeroiis small lakes in the hollows, most of which have no streams flowing into or out of them, yet these lakes are all within a few feet of the same elevation although many miles apart. Township 95 is much more thickly timbered but it is all jaekpine. Areas covered with six-inch pine now become mnch more extensive than farther south, and the surface is more hilly than ever. A remarkably rough ridge, about two hundred feet high, and running for some miles to the east and west crosses the meridian in section 12. The elevation of its crossing is 2,098 feet. The survey of the meridian was ended at the north lioundary of section 12, town- ship 95, at a distance of thirty -seven miles in a direct line north of JfcMurray river, but apparently the high general altitude, the hills and the jaekpine, and the generally barren surface extend for many miles farther to the north. LEVELS. The levels taken last season along the meridian were continued this season using the same basis of elevation throughout. According to this basis the elevation of the water in Primrose lake, at the time of commencing the levels (May, 1909) is taken as 2,100 feet above sea-level. The same instrument was used, a fourteen-incli dumpy level. The elevations recorded are the surface of the ground at every quarter of a mile along the meridian. all streams and lakes crossed by the meridian, and the surface of the ground, at the transit stations. These last being placed always on the summits of the local ridges may be taken as indicating the higher elevations in the vicinity, while tin? levels on the streams and lakes indicate the lower eJevations. Bench-marks were left at intervals seldom exceeding half a mile, generally inear a section or quarter section post, but if a prominent large rock occurred elsewhere along the line a bench-mark was always recorded on it. The levels were checked throughout, usually in sections of a mile or a mile and a half, by a second independent line run in the opposite direction. The only exceptions to this nde of running a second line occur for two miles in township 88, where a very bad swamp was crossed by the method of double turning-points, and also when crossing- part of McMurray valley where. there is a fall of 600 feet on the south side and 800 feet on the north side, and the surface is very broken. This valley was levelled acros* once in the usual way, and the levels checked by the use of- vertical angles with tlio transit. At the point of commencement of this season's survey, that is at the north oilj township £0, the elevation is 1,860 feet, or 240 feet lower than Primrose lake. As th'' meridian goes north the elevation remains within a few feet of this for nearly thrc' miles when the land begins to rise, and at a distance of four and a half miles from tl'.e commencement the line reaches an elevation of 1,961 feet. From here it descends rapidly for five miles to the crossing of Newby creek where the water level is 1,756 feet. This stream flows west in a narrow local valley about fifty feet deep joining LaiidoN river about eleven miles west of the meridian. After leaving the valley at ^Newby creek the land rises steadily to the north, attaining an elevation of 1,804 feet after two and a half miles. It then descends for three miles to Kimowin creek, which is crossed in the middle of section 24. township 83, and is at an elevation of 1.674 feet. There is then a slow rise for three miles, the elevation reaching 1.714 feet at the north of section 25, township 83. north of which occurs a rapid fall of 44 feet in three-quarters of a mile to Formbj' lake whero the elevation is 1,670 feet. This is a very swamp.v region. The lake is at the lowest elevation encountered in the whole distance surveyed in two sea-sons from township 64 to township 95, except only the local deep valley of MeJIurray river. 168 DKI-AIITMEST OF THE lyiEUlGR 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 The low elevation continues for two and a lialf miles north of the lake, at^pr whit'h the meridian crosses a local ridge at an elevation of 1,734 feet in the north of seetion 12, township 84, and abont a mile south of Garson lake. The ridge referred to between Formby lake and Garson lake forms part of the divide between the watersheds of the Athabaska and Churchill rivers. Formby lake drains westerly to Landels river, while Garson lake drains northeasterly and ultimately to Churchill river. The elevation of Garson lake is 1.675 feet. North of Garson lake, although tha land rises steadily, it is very swa nyy Tor several miles. At a distance of three miles north of the lake a total rise of Jifty-one feet has occurred after which there is a fall of nine feet to the surface of a small- lake, called Raft lake. This lake empties into Garson lake by a small creek flowing southerly, but, although there is a gradual fall of over forty feet between the lakes,> there is so much moss and vegetation along its course that the land all around RafU lake is very swampy for want of more speedy drainage than this creek can afford, even' with such a great natural fall. The land rises north of Raft lake but is still swampy until the north of section- 13, township 8C, is reached. Here the land rises more rapidly, reaching an elevation of 1,824 feet in section 25, township 86, being a total rise of 149 feet in sixteen miles from Garson lake. Between here and the edge of McMurray valley there are only minor irregularities, the general elevation being about 1,750 feet. A large tamarack swamp is crossed in sections 12 and 13, township 88, at an elevation of 1,736 feet. The swamp drains both to the east and the west. About a quarter of a mile north of township 88, the edge of McMurray valley is reached at an elevation of 1,750 feet. The river is at an elevation of 1,145 feet, a fall of COS feet, occurring on the south of the valley. A bench-mark was established on the north bank of McMurray river. It consists of a large iron post driven to within ten inches of the top, and stands fifteen feet north of the water's edge and in the centre of the line. The letters " B.M." with a broad arrow are cut on the south side with a cold-chisel. The elevation of the top of the iron post is 1,150.13 feet. The broad arrow cut on its side is 0.26 feet lower. It may be well to repeat here that all elevations given along the meridian are referred to one basis, and that according to this basis the elevation of Primrose lake in township 64, is taken as 2,100 feet above sea-level. The north edge of the valley of the river is at an elevation of 1,935 feet, a rise of 790 feet from the water, and this high general elevation continues for many miles to the north. In the south half of section 1, township 90, an altitude of 1,984 feet \S reached. From here the elevation falls to the crossing of Sutton creek in section 25 township 90, where it is 1,747 feet, being the lowest elevation met with between ^fcMurray river and the end of the survey in township 95. The ridges now become! more like small hills and the elevation steadily rises reaching an altitude of 2,063 feet in the north of section 24, township 92, and an altitude of 2,096 feet in section 12, township 93. Korth of township 93, the district is very hilly being composed entirely of rolling hills from 100 to 150 feet above the smiall valleys. Local high points along the meridian reach an altitude of 1,950 to 2,050 feet, the lowest points crossed being a small creek in section 36, township 93, at an elevation of 1.S90 feet, and two smal) lakes in sections 1 and 25, township 94, both of which are at an altitude of 1,884 feet although four miles apart. A remarkably high and very rough ridge is crossed by the meridian in section 12, township 95, the elevation at the crossing being 2,098 feet. There is then a sudden fall to the north of section 13, township 95, where the survey ends. North of here, however, the land rises again and maintains the same general high altitude. The divide between the waters flowing to Hudson bay and the Arctic ocean follows the neighbourhood of the fourth meridian for over iifty miles, never going more than a few miles to either side of the line. In this distance the divide crosses roPOaUAPBlCAL SVBVEYS BRANCH 169 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b the meridian five times. Its first crossing occurs in section 12, township 78, the eleva- tion of the land here being about 2,000 feet. South of this the streams all flow easter- ly, and ultimately their water reaches Churchill river and Hudson bay. To the north of this place, for a distance of about twenty-eight miles, or as far as the north of township 82, the streams flow westerly across the meridian, all of them being tributarj* to McMurray river, which empties into Athabaska river at McMurray. The meridian then runs through an area extending five miles north and about five miles west, from which all the water flows east. Conditions are then reversed, the streams flowing westerly from an area extending five miles along the meridian and about three mile3 east. This reaches section 12, township 84, which is about a mile south of Garson lake, the elevation here being 1,730 feet. The divide now passes around the south and west of Garson lake, including this lake and all its tributary creeks in the watershed of Churchill river. It then passes around the northwest of the lake, and crosses the meridian for the last time near the north of township 86, its exact location here being not very clearly defined. At this last crossing of the divide the elevation is 1,810 feet. It then runs northeasterly passing about half-way between the north end of Methye lake and McMurray river. There are no well-marked topographical features along the course of the divide, and there is no apparent reason why it should occur where it does any more than in any other place. The following are the elevations of some of the more noteworthy topographical features along the fourth meridian between township 80 and township 95. Feature. Creek Creek. Summit . . Depression . Summit . Newby creek Summit Creek Creek , Summit Kimowin creek Summit Fiirniliy lake Summit Garson Inke Raft lake Summit .... Creek Creek Summit of valley McMurray River li. M. on top of iron post 15 feet north of river Summit of valley north of McMurray river Summit Sutton creek , Creek Summit Creek Summit Lake Summit Creek. Summit . . . Lake. Summit Depression Summit Depression . . Summit of ridge . 25b— 12 Locality. lee. 1 .. 13 „ 13 M 24 ,. 25 .. 12 .. 13 .. 24 ,. 25 ., 1 „ 24 M 25 .. 36 .. 12 M 13 .. 1 .. 25 ., 25 M 12 ., 1 M 12 u 12 ,. 24 .. 1 .. 25 „ 25 .. 36 t. 1 ,. 13 u 13 .. 24 .. 36 ,. 1 .. 1 ., 13 ,. 24 ,. 25 .. 36 ,. 12 Township 81 81 81 81 81 82 82 82 82 83 83 83 83 84 84 86 86 89 89 89 90 90 91 91 92 92 92 92 92 93 94 94 94 94 94 95 Elevation. 1859 1845 1889 1851 1961 1756 1804 1785 1717 1763 1674 1714 1670 1734 1675 1717 1824 1732 1731 1753 1145 1150 13 1935 1984 1747 1826 1934 1819 1922 1878 2063 1865 2046 1884 1988 1887 2013 1881 2098 170 nin'AKTMEST OF TUK INTERIOR 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 As many areas of swamp land occur along the line of the fourth meridian a few- remarks on such areas may not he out of place. The swamps over this district arc not individually extensive. They are nearly all formed by the surface water being unable to get an outlet through the local surrounding ridges, and not because the entire surface of the country is so level that the water cannot drain off in any direct- ion. The standing water over many swamps will frequently be found to be many feet higher than the water in streams within a few hundred yards of them, some intervening ridge cutting off the outlet. Even in the case of an extensive swamp it will often occur that an outlet could be made with little labor at some place around its border, and so the water could drain off the whole swamp. The general surface of the country is rolling, yet although locally there is an:ple fall to carry off the surface water there is no continuous connection from one level down to another, which would ultimately discharge the collected surface water into Bome stream, nor is there even a continuous fall from several different directions into the larger depressions, which would result in a few large lakes being formed, in place of the many local areas of half-flooded swamps, which now exist. In uninhabited districts, where the contour of the surface is that originally formed by nature, the greater number of the local depressions are not connected, but form a series of basins. The water from rain and melted snow will run down into the lower levels, no matter how little they may be lower than the surrounding lands, so every depression carries more than its own share of surface water. The slowness of the evaporation in these northern latitudes is emphasized by the general growth of timber, which cuts off the sunshine, and also by the absorbeoit nature of the mossy ■surface. There is always some substratum, (it may be many feet below the sur- face), which prevents the water readily draining downwards. The result of all these conditions is that the water lies in these depressions for so long a period each year that the surface becomes soft, and swamps are formed in nearly ever.v depression. The same natural conditions of surface level occur in many countries, but the unconnected lower depressions will not become swampy without the additional con- ditions of abundance of rain, some impenetrable substratum, and some impediment to evaporation. It is the combination of all these conditions in the timbered lands of the north, which produces so many areas of swamp. Not only are these swamps a perfectly natural result, and a result which should reasonably be expected to exist, but their value is altogether greater than is popular- ly supposed to he the case. In many of the areas over the north, the greater part of the surface of the country appears to have been originally composed of pure, fine yellow sand. This is especially the case where the country is covered with coniferous timber. There are many districts where a person may travel for days, and see only the same succession of jackpine, spruce, and tamarack with practically no other tim- ber. Where poplar is found, the sandy conditions are not as a rule nearly so marked, and birch indicates hard stony soil, but in the coniferous areas, it will be foimd that fine sand occurs everywhere .either coming up to the surface, as on the ridges of jack- pine, or else existing immediately below the moss and black surface soil of the spruce areas in the lower lands. In such areas almost the only source of fertile soil has been the accumulation of decayed vegetation during past ages. This has been derived from the fallen needles of the pine and spruce trees, and from the growth of moss in the lower lands.- Were it not for fires there would now be a great depth of such soil lioth on the higher and lower lands. But, on account of the prevalence of fire, land free from surface water has been burnt over again and again, with the result that surface conditions on the dry lands in such areas have changed but little from the time when the sand was first left there. In the lower levels, the slow evaporation has kept the surface wet and has not only fostered the growth of vegetation, especially moss and lichens, but has tended to preserve these areas from fire. The much maligned spruce and tamarack swamps TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 171 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b are really about the only features which have saved many large areas m the north from being almost entirely destitute of any available fertile soil. Were these swamps so level that large expenditures would be necessary to drain them, no doubt it might be urged that, if the surface water has been the cause of preserving the soil, it has done so at the cost of making the soil now unavailable, but areas of swamp land so level as this are not common. The usual swamp has ample fall, even over its own apparently level surface, to allow the water to run off, if the surface were free of the obstruction of moss and sticks, or else it only needs a short outlet cut through some local elevation to drain itself naturally into some neighbouring stream. Such areas must be drained before being available, but the mere cost of drain- ing will not be great, and so long as the country is uninhabited, and fires continue to run, the want of drainage, whether caused by want of outlet, or by obstruction by rhe mose, is a blessing in disguise. It is that very sui'face water, which so many lieople think makes these swamp areas worthless, which has really been not only the origin, but the means of preserving the greater proportion of the available fertile soil ^r ..^ \v ^:-'^!^^^ •:-,^:^^;?;i'*-:^ :-. ■ ■' . •:.■ ' '^p ■ ■■•, <. ■ .^ •^ i*>} ••■^Al ^5 \\ ■% '■: y-^ >fi^/'f' IT'S 25b— 14 25b -1« '""^ i PlaTK XIII. Photo by A. W. Ponton, D.L.S. Valley of Panny river — looking south I •..I. 1. "^^ ^^ ■ /" fe§5V^^ ^#'- **, ■• ,*V ijwsgl^^: ^^'^iiw |-:h' ;i:— iri- 25b-15 o Si a a! ffl c c 2 GEOBGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER Na. 2Sd A. 1>12 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR DOMINION OF CANADA. REPORT PROGRESS OF STREAM MEASUREMENTS THE CAI.ENDAR YEAR 1911 F. H. PETERS, C. E., D. L. S., A. L. S., A. M. Can. Soc. C. E., A. M. Am. Soc. C. E. PRINTED BY ORDER OF PARLIAMENT OTTAWA PRINTED BY C. H. PARMELEE, PRINTER TO THE KING'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY. 1913 I No. 25d— 1912] 2 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 2Sd A. 1912 CONTENTS Page Introduction 7 Scope of Work 7 Organization 7 Banff district 8 Calgary District 9 Macleod district 9 Cardston district 10 Milk River district 11 Western Cypress Hills district , 11 Eastern Cypress Hills district 12 Wood Mountain district 13 Moosejaw district 14 Battleford district 14 Current Meter Rating Station 16 Bench-marks 16 Office-Work 17 Future Work 17 Definitions 18 Explanation and use of tables 18 Convenient equivalents 19 Methods of measuring stream-flow 19 Methods of determining mean velocity 22 Gauging stations 23 Low-velocity limitations 23 Winter measurements 23 Re-rating of current meters 24 Office computations 24 North Saskatchewan River drainage basin 26 South Saskatchewan River drainage basin 29 Red Deer River drainage basin 31 Bow River drainage basin 36 Little Bow River drainage basin 91 Oldman River drainage basin 96 Waterton River drainage basin 119 Belly River drainage basin 120 St. Mary River drainage basin 122 Milk River drainage basin 127 Pakowki Lake drainage basin 149 Sage Creek drainage basin 151 Lodge Creek drainage basin 152 Battle Creek drainage basin 165 Frenchman River drainage basin 182 Swiftcurrent Creek drainage basin '. 209 Antelope Lake drainage basin 223 Lake of the Narrows drainage basin 231 Crane Lake drainage basin 236 Hay Lake drainage basin 248 Bigstick Lake drainage basin 253 Many Island Lake drainage basin 263 Ross Creek drainage basin 269 Se\enpersons River drainage basin 275 Lake Johnston drainage basin 276 Rocky Creek drainage basin 277 Poplar River drainage basin 278 Bigmuddy Creek drainage basin 279 Qu'Appelle River drainage basin 279 Moosejaw Creek drainage basin 282 Souris River drainage basin 289 iii 2 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d A. 1312 APPENDICES Page No. 1. — Report on the Field-work in the Wood Mountain District, during 1911, by N. M. Sutherland, District Hydrographer 295 No. 2. — Report on the Winter Conditions in the Banff District during the Winter of 1911-12, by V. A. Newhall, B.A.Sc, District Hydrographer 297 No. 3. — Description of an Apparatus for Adjusting the length of the Crest of a Steel Rectangular Weir, used by G. H. Whyte, District Hydrographer 298 No. 4. — Report on the Current Meter Rating Station, by F. H. Peters, C. E., Com- missioner of Irrigation 299 Index 303 2 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d ILLUSTRATIONS Plate To Face Page 1 . Kaiianaskis Falls on Bow River near Kananaskis, Alta Frontispiece 2. Pin of Permanent Iron Bench-mark 15 3/ Discharge, Mean-velocit\-, and Area Curves of Elbow River at Calgarj- < 22 4. Gauge-height of Top of Ice, Water Surface, and Bottom of Ice at Gauging Station on Bow River at Laggan 22 5 . Discharge Curve of Milk River at Milk River 24 6 Meters and Equipment for Measuring the Discharge of a htream by the Velocity Method 24 7 . Gauging a Small Creek with a lo-inch Weir 24 S. Railway and Highway Bridge at Prince Albert Used as a Gauging Station 26 9. Traffic Bridge over the North Channel of North Saskatchewan River at Battleford. 26 10 Lake Louise and Victoria Glacier Locking from Lake Louise Chalet 34 11. A Small Lake near Laggan where Nature Multiplies her Charms . 34 12 . Canyon on Cascade River near Bankhead, Alta 46 13. Gauging Station on Cascade River at Bankhead, Alta 46 14 Gauging Station on Ghost River at Gillies' Ranche in Winter. 54 15 Winter Gauging of Southfork River near Cowley, Alta 54 16. Looking East into "The Gap" on Oldman River 96 17. -A Dam-site on Oldman River near "The Gap," looking Downstream. . 96 18. Head-gates of Alberta Railway and Irrigation Company's Canal at KirabaH 124 19. Gauging Station on A. R. & I. Co. Canal at Rolph Creek Flume 124 20. Cable Support and Fastenings at Station on North Branch of Milk River at Peters' Ranche 126 21 . \'iew on Milk River near Pendant d'OrciUe Police Detachment 136 22. Camp Equipment of the Hydrographer in the Western Cypress Hills district 140 23 . Forest along Head- waters of Battle Creek 164 24. Lindner Brothers' Ranche near Tenmile Police Department 168 25 . Wood and Anderson's Ranche 170 26. Bridge over Battle Creek at Tenmile Police Detachment 172 27. Gauging Station on Battle Creek at Nash's Ranche 178 28. White Clay from which Frenchman River gets its Local Name " Whiteniud" 202 29. Enright and Strong's Dam in Frenchman River 202 30. Canadian Pacific Railway Company's Dam in Ross Creek at Irvine 270 31 . Gauging Station on Ross Creek at Irvine . 270 32. Bridge over Qu'Appelle River near Katepwe, Sask 280 33 . Gauging Notukeu Creek with a lo-inch Weir 280 34 Wood -Mountain Party Cooking Breakfast 296 35. Wood Mountain Party Breaking Camp 296 36. Gauging Station on Bow River at Laggan in Early Fall. 296 37. Gauging Station on Bow River at Laggan in Winter 296 38. Gauging Station on Pipestone River near Laggan in Early Fall 296 39. Gauging Station on Pipestone River near Laggan in Winter "298 40. Mass of Ice on Cascade River at C. P. R. Bridge 298 41 . Mass of Ice on Cascade River at Traffic Bridge near -\nthracite 298 42. Gauging Station on Devil's Creek near Bankhead 298 43. Gauging Cascade River on Feb. 27th, 1912 298 44. Gauging Cascade River near Bankhead in \\'inter 298 45. Gauging Kananaskis River near Kananaskis in Winter. 298 46. Plate and Angles for Adjusting the length of the Crest of a Steel Rectangular Weir 298 47 . Plate -Attached to a 24-inch Weir : . . 29S 48. 24-inch Weir Reduced to 9-inch Crest in L'se 298 49 . 24-inch Weir Reduced to 9-inch Crest in Use 298 50. Diagram of Electric Cotinections at the Rating Station. .300 51. \'iew of Current-meter Rating Car Showing Trolleys and Switches. 300 52 . End View of Current-meter Rating Car Showing Car House behind )iOO 53. General View of the Current-meter Rating Car at Rest HIO 54. The Current-meter Rating Car in Motion MOO 55. Plan of Current Meter Rating Station In pocket 56. Details of Car for Current-meter Rating Station 57 . Details of Car for Current-meter Rating Station 58. Rating Cur\-e for Gurley's Large Meter 59. Rating Curve for Gurley's Large Meter 60. Rating Curve for Gurley's Large Meter 61 Rating Curve for Gurley's Small Meter 62 Map Showing the Gauging Stations in .Alberta and Saskatchewan inside back cover 2 GEORGE T. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d A. 1912 To His Royal Highness, Field Marshal, Prince Arthur William Patrick Albert, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn, K.G., K.T., etc., etc., etc.. Governor General and Commander-in-Chief of the Dominion of Canada. May it Please Your Royal Highness: The undersigned has the honour to lay before Your Excellency the report of the progress of Stream Measurements for the year 1911. Respectfully submitted, ROBERT ROGERS, Minister of the Interior. Ottawa, Sept. 16, 1912. 2 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Department of the Interior, Ottawa, Sept. 10, 1912. The Honourable Robert Rogers, Minister of the Interior. Sir: — I have the honour to submit the report of Stream Measurements for the year 1911, and to recommend that it be published as the third of a series of progress reports. I have the honour to be, Sir, Your obedient servant. W. W. CORY, Deputy Minister of the Interior, LETTERS OF TRANSMITTAL SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Forestry and Irrigation Branch, Department of the Interior, Ottawa, Sept. 9, 1912. VV. W. Cory, Esq., C.M.G., Deputy Minister of the Interior. Sir: — I beg to submit herewith the progress report of Stream Measurements for the year 1911, submitted by Mr. F. H. Peters, C.E., Commissioner of Irrigation, and would recommend that it be published, and that a sufficient number of copies be printed to permit of its being widely distributed among those interested in the question of the water-supply of Western Canada. Respectfully submitted, R. H. CAMPBELL, Director of Forestry and Irrigation. Department of the Interior, Irrig.ation Office, Calgary, Alta, July 12, 1912. Sir: — I have the honour to transmit herewith the manuscript of the Report of Progress of Stream Measurements for the calendar year 1911. This Report has been prepared, under my direction, by Mr. P. M. Sauder, C.E., Chief Hydrographer. I have the honour to request that this man- uscript be published as the third of the series of Reports of Progress of Stream Measurements. I have the honour to be. Sir, Your obedient servant, F. H. PETERS, Commissioner of Irrigation. R. H. Campbell, Esq., Director of Forestry and Irrigation, Department of the Interior, Ottawa. Department of the Interior, Irrig.\tion office Calgary, Alta, June 29, 1912. Sir: — I have the honour to transmit herewith the manuscript of the Report of Progress of Stream Measurements for the Calendar Year 1911. In this report is given a brief outline of the methods of obtaining and compiling the data contained therein, but owing to the want of space and time many of the datails had to be omitted. It gives in a tabulated form almost all the records of stream-flow during 1911. .\s a result of certain unavoidable causes, a few of the records could not be included in this report but will be included in the ne.Kt report. I beg to request that this manuscript be published as the third of the series of Reports of Progress of Stream Measurements. I have the honour to be. Sir,* Your obedient servant, P. M. SAUDER, Chief Hydrographer. F. H. Peters, Esq., Commissioner of Irrigation, Department of the Interior, Calgary, .Alberta. INTRODUCTION SESSIONAL PAPER No. 2od REPORT OF PROGRESS OF STREAM MEASUREMENTS FOR THE CALENDAR YEAR 1911. By p. M. SAUDER, C.E., Chief Hydrographer. INTRODUCTION. SCOPE OF WORK The chief features of the stream-measurement work are the collection of data relating to the flow of the surface waters and a study of the conditions affecting this flow. Information is also collected concerning the river profiles, duration and magnitude of floods, irrigation, water- power, storage, seepage, etc., which may be of use in hydrographic studies. This information is obtained by a series of obsen'ations at regular gauging stations which are established at various points. The selection of sites for these gauging stations and their maintenance depend largely on the physical features and needs of the locality. If water is to be used for irrigation purposes the summer flow receives special attention; where it is required for power purposes, it becomes necessary to determine the minimum flow; if water is to be stored, information is obtained regarding the maximum flow. In all cases the duration of the different stages of the streams is noted. Throughout the country' gauging stations are maintained for general statistical purposes, to show the conditions existing through long periods. They are also used as primarj- stations, and their records in connection with short series of measurements will serve as bases for estimating the flow at other points in the drainage basin. As the result of an increased appropriation the investigations were extended over a much larger territoo' during the past year. Considerable reconnaissance work was done and a number of new gauging stations were established. In the spring of 1911, field operations were com- menced with 9S regular gauging stations and at present the regimen of flow is being studied at 132 regular gauging stations along the various streams in Alberta and Saskatchewan; records of the quantity of water diverted bj- thirty ditches for irrigation purposes are also being secured. Most of the stations on ditches were established by or at the request of the irrigation inspecting engineers. Winter records which are so valuable for power investigations have been given considerable attention lately and records have been secured on almost all the important streams in the two provinces during the past winter. ORGANIZATION The methods of carr\-ing on the investigations were similar to those of previous years. Local residents were engaged to observe the gauge-height at regular gauging stations. These obsersatlons were recorded in a book supplied by the Department, and at the end of each week the observer copied the week's records on a postcard which was sent to the chief hydrographer 8 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A 1912 by the first convenient mail. The district hydrographers made regular visits to the gauging stations usually once in every three weeks. They examined the observers' records, made dis- charge measurements and collected such information and data as would be of use in making estimates of the daily flow at the station. The results of the gaugings were transmitted by a post card to the chief hydrographer. The records of the gauge-height observers and the hydro- graphers were copied from the post cards to regular forms in the office at Calgary and filed. At " the close of the open-water season, part of the engineers returned to the office and assisted in the final computations and estimates of run-off. Gauge-height-area, gauge-height-mean-velo- city, and gauge-height-discharge curves were plotted and rating tables constructed. Tables of discharge measurements, daily gauge-height and discharge, and monthly discharge were also compiled. These records have been redsting plants and to construct new ones. During 1911, a survey under the direction of the Water-Power Branch of the Department of the Interior made exten- sive investigations on the upper regions of the Bow and Elbow rivers. With a view to a very comprehensive study of the flow of these streams, several new gauging stations were established, and almost all the stations in this district have been maintained during the whole of the past winter. In a few cases the conditions have been so unfavourable that gauge-heights could not be obtained all winter, but in almost e\'erj' case discharge measurements have been made re- gularly at intervals of about two weeks. A large number of miscellaneous measurements at other points and on other streams were also made during the year. During the months of January, February and March, 1911, H. R. Carscallen, B.A.Sc, was in charge of the field-work in this district. On the first of April, Mr. Carscallen returned to the office and during the months of April and May, H. C. Ritchie, Grad. of 5. P. S. was in charge. On the first of May, when Mr. Ritchie was placed in charge of the construction of the rating station, Benjamin Russell, B.Sc, was placed in charge. About the middle of July, Mr. Russell was transferred to reservoir site sur\'eys and H. O. Brown was placed in charge of this district. Mr. Brown left the service in September to resume his studies at the University of Toronto, and \'. A. Newhall, B.A.Sc, was in charge of the field-work in this district from that time until the end of the year. The final computations for this district were made by H. R. Carscallen. INTRODUCTION 9 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d CALGARY DISTRICT This district includes the following regular gauging stations: — Stream Location Date Established Berrv Creek N.E. 21-23-13-4 May 30, 1911 Blood Indian Creek S.W. 10-23-8-4 June 26, 1911 Bow River Sec. 13-21-19-4 Aug. 20, 1909 N.E. 15-24-1-5 Nov. 25, 1910 C.P.R. Canal N.E. 36-23-1-5 May 9, 1908 Elbow River S.W. 14-24-1-5 May S, 1908 Findlav and McDougall Ditch S.W. 31-18-29-4 June 17, 1911 Fish Creek S.W. 26-22-3-5 May 13, 1907 Highwood River N.W. 6-19-28-4 May 28, 1908 N.W. 17-20-28^ Oct. 3,1911 Little Bow Ditch S.W. 6-19-28-4 Aug. 1,1910 Nose Creek N.W. 13-24-1-5 April 24, 1911 Pekisko Creek N.W. 8-17-2-5 Oct. 6, 1911 Sheep River N.W. 22-20-29-4 May 25, 1908 N.B. Sheep River S.W. 12-21-3-5 May 22, 1908 S.B. Sheep River S.E. 17-20-2-5 May 23, 1908 Stimson Creek N.E. 14-17-2-5 Oct. 6, 1911 It will be noted that while the western portion of the old Calgary district has been formed into a separate district, a number of new gauging stations have been established and the terri- tory extended so that this is still a large and important district. Some attention was given to a study of the flow in the tributaries of Red Deer River, but owing to the distance and diffi- culty of reaching these, the investigations were not as e.\tensive as desired. The data obtained is, however, of considerable value, as previously there were practically no data at all. Regular gauging stations were established on Berry and Blood Indian creeks. The gauging station on Highwood River at High River is not very satisfactory, and a new station has been estab- lished near Aldersyde. If the observer at the new station proves satisfactor>' the old station will be abandoned. Stations have also been established on Pekisko and Stimson creeks, tri- butaries of Highwood River. The station on Bow River near Bassano was established and is maintained by the irrigation department of the Canadian Pacific Railway Company. Mr. A. S. Dawson, Chief Engineer, has very kindly furnished copies of the gauge-height records and the results of their gaugings. The district hydrographer also makes regular measurements at this station. H. R. Carscallen also included Bow and Elbow rivers at Calgary in his district during the months of January, Februar>' and March. H. C. Ritchie was in charge of the field-work in the Calgary district also, during April and May, but when he was placed in charge of the construc- tion of the rating station, L. R. Brereton was placed in charge of the field-work in this district. After he left the service in October to resume his studies at the University of Toronto, gaugings were discontinued at all the stations except those on the Bow and Elbow rivers. These were included in the Macleod district and were looked after during November and December by N. M. Sutherland. The final computations for this district were made by H. R. Carscallen. MACLEOD DISTRICT This district includes the following regular gauging stations: — Stream Location Date Established Belly River N.W. 1-19-22-4 Aug. 31, 1911 Canvon Creek N.E. 14-6-2-5 July 6, 1910 Connely Creek S.E. 36-7-2-5 July 31, 1909 Cow Creek N.E. 14-8-2-5 May 26, 1910 Crowsnest River N.E. 26-7-2-5 Sept. 7, 1907 do N.E. 36-7-4-5 July 28, 1910 do S.W. 12-8-5-5 July 28, 1910 Mill Creek " .., S.W. 18-6-1-5 July 7,1910 Mosquito Creek N.E. 30-16-28-4 Aug. 1,1908 Muddypound Creek Sec 27-11-28-4 July 27, 1908 Nanton Creek Sec. 20-16-28-4 Aug. 3, 1908 ■ Oldman River N.E. 34-7-1-5 Sept. 15, 1908 do N.W. 10-9-26-4 Julv 12, 1910 Pmcher Creek N.E. 22-6-30-4 Aug. 13, 1906 Southfork River S.E. 2-7-1-5 Aug. 5, 1909 St. Man,' River N.E. 26-7-22-4 Oct. 13, 1911 Todd Creek S.W. 19-8-1-5 Aug. 3, 1909 Trout Creek Sec. 33-11-28-4 July 7,1911 Willow Creek S.W. 25-9-26-4 July 1, 1909 10 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 This district was well organised soon after the survey was commenced, and few changes were made and few stations established during the past year. The new stations on Belly and St. Mary rivers will furnish valuable data. The importance of St. Mary River as a source of water-supply for irrigation purposes and its possibilities as a source of power are well known, and the records at the new station will serve to make the data more complete. The discharge of Belly River near Lethbridge is the drainage of practically the whole of the south-western portion of the province of Alberta, and records at this point will be very valuable for general statistical purposes, and in connection with short series of measurements will ser\-e as basis for estimating the flow at other points in the drainage basin. The conditions at the old station on Oldman river near Macleod have very much improved and last year this station was re-established. For some time the Branch was unable to secure an observer at a suitable site on Trout Creek above the intakes of the ditches, but last year one w-as secured and a new station was established, and the old one abandoned. Gauge-height observations and discharge measurements have been taken at all the regular gauging stations on all the larger and more important streams throughout the past winter. A large number of miscellaneous discharge measurements, which will be very valuable as general information, were also made during the year. Owing to the coal-miners' strike, industrial development in the Crowsnest district was slightly retarded during 1911. The water-supply is, however, becoming more important, and, while there is no necessity for establishing any additional gauging stations, there should bene interruption in the records at those already established. W. H. Greene, Grad. of S. P. S., was in charge of the field-work in this district until the middle of March when he was transferred to the Battleford district. J. E. Degnan was then in charge until the end of April when he was transferred to the Milk River district. A. \V. P. Lowrie, Grad. of S. P. S., was in charge from the first of May to the end of September, when he returned to the University of Toronto to resume his studies. N. M. Sutherland, Grad. of the Royal Military College, has been in charge since Mr. Lowrie left. Only part of the final computations for this district have been made. These were made by H. J. Dutfield, C.E., and G. H. Whyte. CARDSTON DISTRICT This district includes the following regular gauging stations: — Stream Location Date Established A. R. & L Canal S. W. 21-2-24r4 July 26, 1910 Belly River S.E. 21-6-25-4 May 27, 1909 do N.E. 5-2-2S-4 Nov. 1, 1911 Christianson Ditch S.E. 12-3-28-4 Sept. 14, 1911 Crooked Creek S.E. 23-2-29-4 Sept. 15, 1909 Fidler Ditch S.E. 19-1-26-4 Sept. 13, 1911 Lee Creek N.W. 10-3-25-4 June 28, 1909 Mami Creek N.E. 18-2-27-4 Aug. 13, 1909 N.B. Milk River N.E. 13-1-23-4 Julv 21, 1909 do Sec. 18-2-20-4 Julv 17, 1909 Ralph Creek S.W. 21-2-24-4 May 17, 1911 St. Mary River Sec. 25-1-25-4 By. A.R. & I Co., 1905 Waterton River N.E. 8-2-29-4 Aug. 26, 1908 While a station has been maintained on Belly River near Stand Off for some time, the im- portance of this stream as a possible supplementary supply for the A. R. & I. Canal justified the survey in establishing another station in the vicinity of Mountain View. A cable station was, therefore, established on the N. E. } Sec. 5, Tp. 2, Rge. 28, W. 4th Mer., at West's ranche, last fall, and has been included in this district. It was impossible to secure an observer for the gauge on the North Branch of Milk River in Sec. 18, Tp. 2, Rge. 20, W. 4th Mer., during 1911, but discharge measurements were made at every opportunity. For several years past the Water Resources branch of the U. S. Geological Survey has main- tained a gauging station on St. Mar>' River near the International Boundary. The gauging station at Kimball is only a few miles below, and it is thought that a joint station should be maintained. A self-recording water-gauge could be installed, and by making comparisons of the results of the gaugings made by the hydrographers of both countries, records of a high degree of accuracy and results which would be most satisfactory to both countries could be obtained. It is hoped that satisfactory arrangements can be made and a joint station established in the near future. There are several streams of some importance emptying into the Waterton lakes, but as no observers are available, regular gauging stations have not been established on these. Mis- INTROD UCTIOX 11 SESSIONAL P.VPER No. 25d cellaneous discharge measurements of these and se^■eraI other streams in the district were made whenever possible during the past year. Winter records were taken at the stations on Belly River, Lee Creek, St. Mary River and Waterton River. L. J. Gleeson, B.Sc, was in charge of the field-work in this district until the end of Novem- ber, when he returned to the office to make the final computations, and D. D. Macleod, B.A.Sc, was in charge of the field-work during the winter months. There are only a few irrigation ditches in this district and the hydrographer, therefore, makes the necessary inspections. Unless urgent, these are usually made in the late summer or early fall, when the streams are low and almost stationarj- and need not be gauged as often as usual. MILK RIVER DISTRICT This district includes the following regular gauging stations: — Stream Location Deer Creek S.W. 15-1-12-4 do N.E. 26-1-12-4 Manxberries Creek S. E. 3-5-6-4 Milk' River .- X.E. 21-2-16-4 do S.W. 35-1-13-4 do S.W. 21-2-S-4 do S.E. 3-1-5-4 N.B. Milk River S.W. 19-2-18-4 S.B. do N.W. 31-1-18-4 Date Established May I^Iay June May Aug. Aug. Aug. July July 26, 1911 27, 1911 17, 1910 IS, 1909 2, 1909 5, 1909 7, 1909 15, 1909 14, 1909 It was impossible to secure an obser\-er for the gauge on the North Branch of Milk River on the S. W. i Sec. 19, Tp. 2, Rge. 18, W. 4th Mer., during 1911, but discharge measurements were made at every opportunity. As has been pointed out in former reports, the bed of Milk River is composed almost entirely of sand and loose material, which shifts continually. Discharge measurements had, therefore, to be made at short intervals and even then considerable difficulty was experienced in compiling reliable estimates of the daily discharge. As there have been several applications for water for irrigation purposes in the vicinity of Pakowki Lake, special attention was given to the records on Manyberries Creek. Not only will these be useful in studying the water-supply in this stream, but by comparing the areas of the watersheds, a fair estimate can be made of the probable run-off in other streams in the Pakowki Lake drainage. It will be noted that two gauging stations have been established on Deer Creek. This is only a small stream, but a dispute has arisen between two licensees and data are recorded at the two points to determine the seepage. As these stations are close to the regular route of the hydrographer little time is lost in making the gaugings and the results are of general interest. A large number of miscellaneous discharge measurements of the small streams draining into Milk River were made during the year. In this district also the hydrographer makes inspections of and reports on the irrigation works. N. M. Sutherland was in charge of the field-work in this district during the month of April, but for the remainder of the open season J. E. Degnan was in charge. Winter measurements were made during the past winter at the regular station on the N. E. } Sec. 21, Tp. 2, Rge. 16, \\ . 4th Mer., by D. D. Macleod. The final computations for this district were made by J. E. Degnan. WESTERN CYPRESS HILLS DISTRICT. This district includes the following regular gauging stations: — Stream Location Anderson Ditch S.W. 23-6-3-4 Battle Creek S.W. 2-6-28-3 do X.E. 33-5-29-3 do X.E. 3-3-27-3 BuUshead Creek X.W. 15-9-5-4 Cheeseman Ditch S.W. 12-S-29-3 Gaff Ditch Sec. 25-5-29-3 Gap Creek ',['_ X.E.'31-U-26-3 S.W. 3-10-27-3 Date Established Sept. 23, 1911 July 5, 1910 June 3, 1909 May 10. 1910 Oct. 9, 1911 June 24, 1911 July 11, 1911 May 3, 1910 Apr. 25, 1909 12 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORUE v., A. 191? Gilchrist Bros. Ditch S.W. 11-5-27-3 Grosventre Creek S.E. 27-9-4-4 Lindner Ditch Sec. 10-6-29-3 Lodge Creek Sec. 12-1-29-3 do S.W. 15-6-3-4 E.B. Lodge Creek S.E. 1-7-3-4 E.'B. Mackay Creek N.W. 36-10-1-4 W.B. Mackay Creek S.W. 23-10-2-4 McShane Creek Sec. 4-10-27-3 McKinnon Ditch N.W. 20-4-26-3 Maple Creek N.E. 16-11-26-3 do ' S.E. 28-11-26-3 Marshall Ditch N.E. 33-5-29-3 Marshall and Gaff Ditch S.W. 25-5-29-3 Middle Creek S.W. 35-5-1-4 do S.W. 30-5-29-3 do N.E. 4-2-29-3 Oxarart Creek N.E 20-6-27-3 Richardson Ditch S.E. 2-5-27-3 Ross Ditch. N.W. 24-9-3-4 Sage Creek Sec. 9-1-2-4 Sixmile Coulee N.W. 36-6-29-3 do N.W 29-7-28-3 Spangler Ditch Sec. 6-7-28-3 Starks and Burton Ditch S.E. 17-11-5—1 Stirling and Nash Ditch Sec. 22-3-27-3 Tenmile Creek S.W. 4-6-29-3 White Ditch S. W. 1-9-27-3 Oct. 16 Oct. 10, Julv 26 Aug. 13 July 22 Oct. Oct. Oct. Apr. Oct. Mav Mav Julv July June July 20 June 13, June 15, Oct. 14, Oct. 11, Aug. 10, Julv 4, July 22, Julv 10 Oct. 9, Julv 11, July June 15, 1911 1911 1910 1909 1909 1911 1911 1911 1909 1911 1908 1910 1911 1911 1910 1909 1910 1909 1911 1911 1909 1911 1909 1911 1911 1911 1909 1911 The majority of applications for water for irrigation purposes during the past years have come from the Cypress Hills, and, as apparently almost the total flow of many of the streams has already been granted, the records in this district are very important. It is impossible to obtain records on every stream in the district, but stations have been established and are main- tained on all the more important streams and by a careful comparison of watersheds fair estim- ates of the probable flow can now be made for many of the smaller and less important streams for the same year. There are, however, ver>' big differences in the run-off for different years, and it wiU be some years before the records will show the extremes of flow and a reliable mean. During the past year, M. H. French, who was in charge of the field-work in this district, made a reconnaissance of the country surrounding Old Fort Walsh and the heads of Battle, Lodge, Mackay, Ross and Bullshead creeks and established several new stations. W. A. Fletcher, irrigation inspector, established the gauging stations on most of the irrigation ditches in this district, but, as some of the ditches were not used during 1911 and in other cases the gauge was not installed until after the irrigation season, few records of the flow in the ditches have been secured. A heavy rain and snow storm in September caused an unexpected flood in many of the streams in this district, and the run-off during the fall was higher than the average. A large number of miscellaneous gaugings which will be valuable as general informatioa were made in this district during 1911. No winter records were taken. M. H. French was in charge of the field-work and also made the final computations. EASTERN CYPRESS HILLS DISTRICT This district includes the following regular gauging stations: — Stream Location Date Established Axton Ditch N.E. 23-7-21-3 Aug. 12, 1911 Bear Creek S.E. 18-11-23-3 June 22. 1908 E. B. Bear Creek S.E. 21-10-23-3 Aug. 18, 1909 W. B. Bear Creek ( S.W. 32-10-23-3 Sept. 16, 1909 Belanger Creek S.W. 18-7-25-3 June 12, 1909 Beveridge Ditch, West Branch N.W. 18-10-24-3 June 5,1911 do East Branch . N.E. 7-10-24-3 June 9,1911 Blacktail Creek . S.W. 31-6-23-3 Aug. 3, 1909 Bone Creek N.W. 34-8-22-3 July 2,1908 Braniff Ditch S.E.30-1 1-23-3 July 22, 1911 Bridge Creek N.W. 11-11-22-3 July 29, 1909 do . . S.E. 33-10-22-3 Apr. 29, 1911 Cross Ditch N.W. 1.5-7-22-3 Sept. 9, 1911 Davis Creek N.E. 29-6-25-3 May 24, 190» INTRODUCTION 13 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Enright and Strong Ditch N.E. 25-6-22-3 July'31, 1908 Fairwell Creek N.VV. 30-6-24-3 June 10, 1909 Fearon and Moorehead Ditch N.E. 29-10-22-3 July 6, 1911 do do N.E. 33-10-22-3 July 4,1911 do do S.E. 33-10-22-3 July 6,1911 N.B. Frenchman River N.E 16-7-22-3 July 25, 1908 Frenchman River N.E 31-6-21-3 July 31, 1908 Hay Creek N.E 30-10-25-3 April 22, 1909 do S.W. 29-10-25-3 July 4,1910 Jones Coulee X.E. 5-S-10-3 Sept. 23, 1909 Lonepine Creek N.W. 27-"-26-3 July 17, 1909 Moorehead Ditch N.W. 25-10-25-3 June 10, 1911 Morrison Ditch S.W. 26-6-21-3 Aug. 22, 1911 Needham Ditch S.W. 30-11-23-3 June 22, 1911 Piapot Creek ■ N.E. lS-11-24-3 June 17, 1908 Pollock Ditch N.W. 22-7-21-3 Aug. 10, 1911 Rose Creek Sec. 26-7-22-3 May 2,1911 Skull Creek N.W. 10-11-22-3 June 29, 1908 do N.E. 29-10-22-3 April 8, 1911 Sucker Creek N.W. 24-6-26-3 May 26, 1909 Swiftcurrent Creek S.W. 22-7-21-3 May 18, 1909 do do Sec. 17-10-19-3 Mav 27, 1910 do do Sec. 18-10-19-3 June 15, 1910 The remarks regarding the conditions in the Western Cypress Hills district apply also to this district. The greatest irrigation development has been in the Frenchman River drainage basin, and special efforts are being made to get gaugings in this locality during high-water and flood stages of the streams. This, however, is a large district with many long drives, and it is impossible always to be on hand at a particular station when the stream is high. There has also been difficulty in securing good observ'ers. The records have, however, improved consider- ably during the past year. Several gauges were installed on irrigation ditches by F. T. Fletcher, irrigation inspector, but, as some of the ditches in this district were not used during 1911, and most of the gauges were not installed until after the irrigation season, few records of the flow have been secured. As a large quantity of water is diverted from Frenchman River above the old gauging station, the records have not been altogether satisfactory. It was, therefore, decided to establish two cable stations at points above East End. The cables were stretched late last fall, but owing to bad weather the hydrographer was unable to finish these stations. They will be completed and put in good shape this spring, and it is e.xpected that better and more satisfactory records will be obtained. The records on Bridge and Skull creeks have been much improved by the additional data secured at the new stations above the intakes of Fearon and Moorehead's ditches. A gauge was placed on Mule creek, but, as a satisfactory observer could not be secured, no records except periodic discharge measurements were secured. The storm in September also raised the streams in this district, but not as much as in the Western Cypress Hills district. A large number of miscellaneous gaugings which will be valuable as general information were made in this district during 1911. No winter records were taken. G. H. Whyte was in charge of the field-work and also made the final computations. WOOD MOUNTAIN DISTRICT There is only one regular gauging station in this district, namely: — Stream Location Date Established Frenchman River Sec. 5-5-14-3 May 23, 1910 During 1911, a study was made of the water-supply and possibilities of irrigation develop- ment in a large and partially settled district in the southern part of Saskatchewan, including the drainage basins of Lake Chaplin, Lake Johnston, Big Muddy Lake, Poplar Creek, Rocky Creek and the lower part of Frenchman River. Early in June, N.M. Sutherland and the Chief Hydrographer left Swift Current and made a circuit of the western portion of this district. Mr. Sauder returned to Calgary at the end of June, and the investigations were continued by Mr. Sutherland. An account of the work done in this district is given in a separate report by Mr. Sutherland. For this work Mr. Sutherland was provided with a light camping outfit, one man and three horses. He travelled about 1,660 miles and reported 109 gaugings. While many of the reports showed that the streams were dry or nearly dry, or that water was standing in pools, it should be re- membered that a trip had to be made to the stream to learn the condition. Reports on streams, even when dry, are just as important as when they are running, as they show the actual con- ditions of the stream at that time. 14 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 As a result of the investigations during 1911, it has been decided that the possibilities of irrigation in this district are so limited that there will be no necessity to carr>' on any further reconnaissance on stream-measurement work for the present. As suggested by Mr. Sutherland, in a few years the farmers in this locality may wish to use the water from springs for irrigation purposes, and, when such occasions arise, no doubt investi- gations will have to be made of the schemes. The records of flow for the regular station on Frenchman River were not very satisfactory. At first an observer could not be secured, and then beavers built a dam below the gauge and caused the water to back up on it. As these difficulties still exist and there will be no hydro- grapher in the district during 1912, it has been decided to abandon this station. MOOSEJAW DISTRICT This district includes the following regular gauging stations. Stream Location Boxelder Creek N.E. 2-12-30-3 Bridge Creek S.E. 23-13-19-3 Bullshead Creek Sec. 16-12-5-4 Long Creek S.E. 10-2-8-2 Mackay Creek N.W. 26-11-1-4 Mooseiaw Creek N.W. 14-15-25-2 do do N.W. 16-16-26-2 do do N.W 19-11-1S-2 Qu'Appelle River S.W. 33-19-21-2 Ross Creek N.W. 31-11-2-4 S. Saskatchwean River N.W. 31-12-5-4 Sevenpersons River N.E. 30-12-5-4 Souris River N.E 11-2-8-2 do N.E. 36-2-1-2 do Sec. 6-4^26-1 Swiftcurrent Creek S.W. 30-15-13-3 Date Established May 24, 1909 Mar. 29, 1911 Julv 26, 1909 June 22, 1911 Julv 29, 1909 April 13, 1910 .April 7, 1910 June 21, 1911 Mav 12, 1911 Julv 28, 1909 May 31, 1911 .April 27. 1910 June 23, 1911 June 26, 1911 July 20, 1911 April 30, 1910 It is imperative that records should be continued on Moosejaw Creek for several years, and, as there are a number of important streams crossing and in the vicinity of the railway between Medicine Hat and Broad\-iew, and between Moosejaw and Melita, it was decided to have a hydrographer look after these by train. Some time was spent in reconnaissance to find the most suitable sites before the new stations were established. Besides those shown above, stations were established on Qu'.Appelle River at points north of the towns of Qu'.Appelle and Indian Head, but the current was so sluggish at these two points that the records were not satisfactory and tlie stations have been abandoned. J. C. Keith, B..A.Sc., was in charge of the field-work in this district. After the stations had been established he did not retain a regular helper but engaged locally any help he required. Mr. Keith made a number of miscellaneous gaugings and inspected several works to divert water for domestic and industrial purposes. Winter records were taken at the stations on Moosejaw Creek near Moosejaw and Qu'.-Xppelle River at Lumsden during the past winter. They were included in the Battleford district during that period. Final computations for this district were made by M. H. French and G. H. Whyte. B.\TTLEFORD DISTRICT This district includes the following regular gauging stations: — Stream Location Date Established Battle River S.E. 19-43-16-3 June 17, 1911 Red Deer River S.E. 20-3S-27-4 Dec. 2,1911 N. Saskatchewan River N.W. 33-52-24-4 May 14, 1911 do N.E. 29-4.3-16-3 May IS, 1911 do River lot No. 76 Oct. 2, 1911 S. Saskatchewan River S.W. 28-36-5-3 May 27, 1911 While the North and South Saskatchewan rivers are not likely to be of importance for irrigation purposes, they are large streams and may be utilized for power and irrigation pur- poses. The watersheds are large, and records on these streams will also be of considerable value for general statistical purposes. INTRODUCTION 15 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d DEPT.OFTHE INTERIOR IRRIGATION OmCE PLAN OF PERMANENT IRON BENCH MARK I. i: 16 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 Investigations in this district were commenced in March, 1911, when miscellaneous gaug- ings were made on the North Saskatchewan River at Edmonton and Battleford by \V. H. Greene. In May, H. R. Carscallen was placed in charge of this district, and at once established stations at Edmonton, Battleford and Saskatoon. Later a station was established at Prince Albert b\- J. C. Keith. In 1910, Mr. Keith reconnoitered Red Deer River in the vicinity of Red Deer and found that the most suitable site for a regular gauging station was at a traffic bridge west of Innisfail. Arrangements were made for an observer, but he failed to perform the duty. Gaugings were made at regular intervals at this station during 1911, but no gauge-height observations were secured. In November, a further reconnaissance was made, and, as the cross-section has im- proved and conditions are now fairly good, a station was established at the traffic bridge in the town of Red Deer. Mr. Carscallen had charge of the field-work in this district until the end of July, when he received leave of absence. After that Mr. Keith included this district in his route. Gaugings were continued during the winter at all the stations e.xcept the one on Battle River. Different members of the stat? have done parts of the final computations for this district, but they are only partly finished. On account of the distance between the stations the travelling and living expenses of the hydrographer are somewhat higher than in the other districts. For several months the hydro- grapher worked without a regular helper and hired locally what help he required, but, as the rivers in this district are very large, much skill is required in making accurate measurements, particularly the soundings, and so much time was lost with an inexperienced helper that it was ■decided that the hydrographer should have a regular helper. CURREXT-METER RATING STATION In 1911, a new and up-to-date current-meter rating station was established at Calgary. The plans, specifications and estimate of cost for the station and equipment were prepared by the Commissioner of Irrigation, and the construction was also carried out under his personal direction. Particulars of the station and a discussion of the methods employed in and the results of ratings are republished from the general report on Irrigation and Canadian Irrigation Sur\'eys as an appendix to this report. H. C. Ritchie acted as resident engineer on the construction of the rating station, Oi. the completion of this, he was transferred to the National Parks branch of the Department of the Interior, and V. A. Newhall was detailed to rate the meters. All the meters of the survey except four which were not used during 1911 and one which was badly damaged were rated and tables were carefully compiled for each. Three meters belonging to the British Columbia Railway Belt Hydrographic Survey and one belonging to the Irrigation Department of the Canadian Pacific Railway were also rated. A number of meters were re-rated just before freeze-up in the fall and all the hydrographers are provided with newly rated meters when they start out in 1912. The spare meters will be rated as soon as possible, and whenever a hydrographer has reason to believe that the rating of his meter has changed, a newly rated meter will be sent out to him and he will return the old meter. Every meter which is in use will be rated at regular intervals to test it. In future a hydrographer will be retained at headquarters to rate meters, look after the taking of gravel from Bow and Elbow rivers within the limits of the city of Calgary, and do any special hydrographic work that may arise. BENCH-MARKS In previous years when regular gauging stations were established, the gauge was usually referred to a bench-mark on a wooden stake or the stump of a tree. These were easily shifted or destroyed, and were not satisfactory-. During 1911, permanent iron bench-marks were established at 62 regular gauging stations. Except where the gauge can be referred to a bench- mark on a concrete pier or other permanent structure, all the new gauges (and as soon as possible all the old gauges) will be referred to permanent iron bench-marks. An assumed elevation has been given to each bench-mark, but it is expected that the actual elevation above mean sea-level will eventually be determined. Plate No. 2 shows the type and details of the permanent iron bench-mark which is used. This is the type of bench-mark that has been adopted by the United States Geological Survey, and over 20,000 bench-marks of this type have been used in the United States. It is made of a piece of three and a half inch wrought-iron pipe, which is split at the bottom and expanded to a width of ten inches in order to anchor the tube solidly in the ground. The top is covered by a cap, cast out of brass or, preferably, aluminum bronze (10 per cent aluminum and 90 per cent copper"), which is secured to the top of the pipe by a long iron rivet. .All the writing on the cap is coat in sunk-in letters, giving a smooth surface to the cap. AH the exposed surfaces of the iron pipe are given a good coat of a first-quality rust-resisting paint, and the bench-mark is set with sLx inches projecting above the ground. When extensive levelling operations are commenced it will be necessary to have some form of bench-mark which can be set in solid rock or solid masonry. For such places the brass cap INTRODUCTION 17 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d (or the iron bench-mark would be modified and have a stem about three inches long projecting on the under side, which would be cemented into a drill hole in the rock or masonry. OFFICE-WORK As above intimated, the reports of the gauge-height obser\'ers and the hydrographers are transmitted to the oflSce by post-cards. These are copied to office forms and filed in a cabinet, which is carefully inde.xed and where they can be referred to at any time without trouble. .As the engineers completed their computations the results were entered on convenient forms and filed in the same cabinet. A cabinet made up of four styles of drawers is used for filing the records. The top section is used for filing the gauge-height books of the obser\-ers and the current-meter note-books of the hydrographer. The gauge-height books are filed alphabetically according to the names of the gauging stations, while the current-meter note-books are filed alphabetically according to the names of the hydrographers. The ne.\t section contains the post cards sent in by the obser\ers and the hydrographers. Both of these are filed alphabetically according to the names of the gauging stations. The third section is made up of map drawers and contains the gauge- height-area, gauge-height-mean-velocity and gauge-height-discharge curves and plotted cross- sections, which are filed alphabetically according to the names of the gauging stations. The same section contains the maps showing the outline of the drainage basins, filed numerically according to the number of the sectional sheet. The rating curves for the current-meters are also filed in this section, numerically according to the office numbers of the meters. The bottom section of the cabinet consists of letter-size pockets, alphabetically arranged for each gauging station. The tables of gauge-heights, discharge measurements, daily gauge-height and dis- charge, monthly discharge and a description of the station and memos of any changes are filed in these pockets. The different rating tables for each meter are also filed numerically in this section and another drawer contains the monthly reports of the meteorological service. The cop3'ing and filing of the reports of the gauge-height observers and the hydrographers is entrusted to the office recorder. While doing this, he must carefully examine all records to see that there are no errors or mistakes, and W'here there are doubtful or impossible records it is his duty to have the data corrected or ascertain the cause of the unusual condition. He also makes out the pay list for the observers and conducts the correspondence relating to the records. There was no regular recorder until about the end of July, when R. H. Goodchild was en- gaged. He is to be placed on irrigation inspections, and G. H. Nettleton will be placed in charge of the records. All computations made by the survey are checked before being used or published. For this reason, as far as possible, men with some technical education or students in science are en- gaged as helpers. The gaugings are computed by the helper, and his work is checked by the hydrographer. In some instances, where there is a great deal of driving and camping out, the hydrographer cannot secure a helper who can compute discharges, and, in that case, he computes the discharges himself and his computations are checked in the office. Gaugings of the flow- under ice are usually made by using the multiple-point method and vertical-velocity curve have to be plotted to determine the mean velocity in the vertical. The computation by this method is long and tedious and cannot be done by the hydrographer in the field. There are therefore, a great many computations to be made in the office and the services of a computer h3.ve been required. As a result of not having one, a large amount of checking and computing had to be done by the hydrographers after they returned to the office, and for that reason the computation of daily discharge for 1911 had not been all completed when spring arrived and the hydrographers had to leave for the field. Those that are unfinished are mostly for the months of November and December, when ice conditions prevailed, and considerable time has to be spent in computing the discharge. During the winter months R. J. Srigley, one of the helpers, was utilized as a computer. He is, however, going out in the field again as a. helper, and a computer is urgently required. FUTVRE WORK Investigations will be continued during the coming year in all the old districts except Wood Mountain, and every effort will be made to extend the territory- covered b>- the survey, but the scope of the work is of course limited by the appropriations and staff available. There are a number of important streams which rise in the mountains west of the Calgary and Edmonton branch of the Canadian Pacific Railway. With the advent of railways, industries will soon be started in this district and the water-supply will be an important factor. A small party, such as operated in Wood Mountain district during 1911, should be placed in this district in the near future. .An effort will be made during the coming year to collect data regarding the flow in the streams along the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway west of Edmonton. .As soon as funds and staff are available, the survey should be extended to include the Athabaska River drainage basin. 18 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 It is not necessary to elaborate on the importance of continuing observations during the winter on the more important streams. The minimum How occurs during that season and should be determined for use in considering power schemes. While it was realized that the streams got verj' low during the winter, the results of the investigations in many cases show much lower discharge than was expected. .'\n instance of the value of winter records may be cited in the case of Elbow River. Estimates of the possible power development based on records of the How during the open season were found to be far too high when records of the winter How were taken. The survey should be extended eastward to include the streams in the Province of Manitoba. As the market for power is increasing, the time is approaching when every site will be developed. Reliable estimates of the possible power development cannot be made without a knowledge of the water-supply, and as records should extend over a period 6f several years in order to show the extremes of How and a reliable mean, it is important that the studies be commenced at the earliest possible date. The water-supply is one of the most important resources of a country, and an accurate knowledge of the flow of water in nearly all important streams is essential for the solution of many problems in connection with navigation, water-power, irrigation, domestic and industrial water supplies, sewage disposal, mining, bridge-building, river-channel protection, Hood pre- vention, and storage for conser\'ation of Hood waters. The records of the survey are being used quite extensively now by engineers and the time is at hand when the field-operations should be extended to include other parts, if not the whole, of the Dominion. DEFINITIONS The volume of water flowing in a stream is known as run-off or discharge. In expressing it various units are used, depending upon the kind of work for which the data are needed. Those used in this report are 'second-feet,' 'acre-feet,' 'run-off per square mile' and 'run-off in depth in inches' and may be defined as follows: 'Second-foot' is an abbreviation for cubic foot per second. .\ 'second-foot' is the body of water flowing in a stream one foot wide and one foot deep at the rate of one foot per second. The 'acre-foot' is the unit capacity used in connection with storage for irrigation work, and is equivalent to 43,560 cubic feet. It is the quantity required to cover an acre to a depth of one foot. The expression 'second-feet per square mile' means the average number of cubic feet of water flowing each second from every square mile of drainage area on the assumption that the run-off is uniformly distributed. 'Depth in inches' means the depth of water in inches that would have covered the drainage area, uniformly distributed, if all the water could have accumulated on the surface. This quan- tity is used for comparing run-off with rain-fall, which quantit\- is usually given in depth in inches. It should be noticed that 'acre-feet' and 'depth in inches' represent the actual quantities of water which are produced during the periods in question, while 'second-feet,' on the contrary, is merely a rate of flow per second. EXPLANATION AND USE OF TABLES The data obtained and the estimates made therefrom have been compiled in tabulated form and for each regular gauging station are given, as far as available, the following data: — 1. Description of station. 2. List of discharge measurements. 3. Daily gauge-height and discharge table. 4. Table of monthly discharges and run-off. The description of stations gives such general information about the locality and equip- ment as would enable the reader to find and use the station. It also gives, as far as possible, a complete history of all the changes that have occurred since the station was established and that might affect the records in any way. The list of discharge measurements gives the results of all the discharge measurements that have been made at or in the vicinity of the gauging station or have been used in completing the records for the gauging station. It gives the date on which the measurement was made, the name of the hydrographer, the width and area of cross-section, the mean velocity of the current, the gauge-height and the discharge in second feet. The table of daily gauge-heights and discharges given in this report is a combination of two tables kept in the office of the survey, namely, the table of daily gauge-heights and the station water rating table. The table of daily gauge-heights gives the daily fluctuations of the surface of the above the zero of the gauge, as reported by the observer. During high water, two observations of the gauge were made at some stations, and the gauge-height given in the table is the mean of the observ'ations for the day. The discharge measurements and gauge-heights arc the base data from which the other tables are computed. The table of the daily discharges is the discharge in second-feet, corresponding to the stage of the stream, as given by the station rating table. I.XTRODUCTION 19 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 2od In the table of monthly discharge the column headed "Maximum" gives the mean flow for the day when the mean gauge-height was highest. As the gauge-height is the mean for the day, there might have been short periods when the water and the corresponding discharge were greater than given in this column. Likewise, in the column "JNIinimum" the quantity given is the mean flow for the day when the mean gauge-height was lowest. The column headed "Mean" is the average flow for each second during the month. The computations for the quantities in the remaining columns have been based upon this mean. The drainage area for each gauging station was marked off on the sectional maps of the Department and the area taken ofl with a planimeter. In many districts, information regarding topographical features is very incomplete and the computed areas are only approximate. As the surveys of the Department are extended and completed these computations will be checked and, if necessary, corrected. CONVENIENT EQUIV.\LENTS The following is a list of convenient equivalents for use in hydraulic computations: — 1 second-foot equals 35.7 British Columbia miner's inches, or one British Columbia miner's inch equals 1.6S cubic feet per minute. 1 second-foot equals 6.23 British imperial gallons per second; equals 538,272 gallons for one day. 1 second-foot equals 7. -IS United States gallons per second; equals 646,272 gallons for one day. 1 second-foot for one year covers 1 square mile 1.131 feet or 13.572 inches deep. 1 second-foot for one year equals 31,536,000 cubic feet; equals 724 acre-feet. 1 second-foot equals about 1 acre-inch per hour. 1 second-foot for one 2S-day month covers 1 sqaure mile 1.041 inches deep. 1 second-foot for one 29-day month covers 1 square mile 1.079 inches deep. 1 second-foot for one 30-day month covers 1 square mile 1.116 inches deep. 1 second-foot for one 31-day month covers 1 square mile 1.153 inches deep. 1 second-foot for one day equals 1.983 acre-feet. 1 second-foot for one 28-day month equals 55.54 acre-feet. 1 second-foot for one 29-day month equals 57.52 acre-feet. 1 second-foot for one 30-day month equals 59.50 acre-feet. 1 second-foot for one 31-day month equals 61.49 acre-feet. 100 British Imperial gallons per niin. equals 0.268 second-foot. 100 United States gallons per min. equals 0.223 second-foot. 1,000,000 British Imperial gallons per day equals 1.86 second-feet. 1,000,000 United States gallons per day equals 1.55 second-feet. 1,000,000 British Imperial gallons equals 3.68 acre-feet. 1,000,000 United States gallons equals 3.07 acre-feet. 1,000,000 cubic feet equals 22.95 acre-feet. 1 acre-foot equals 43,560 cubic feet. 1 acre-foot equals 271,472 British Imperial gallons. 1 acre-foot equals 325,850 United States gallons. 1 inch deep on 1 square mile equals 2,323,200 cubic feet. 1 inch deep on 1 square mile equals 0.0737 second-foot per year. 1 acre equals 43,560 square feet. 1 cubic foot equals 6.23 British Imperial gallons. 1 cubic foot equals 7.48 United States gallons. 1 cubic foot of water weighs 62.5 pounds. 1 foot per second equals 0.682 miles per hour. 1 horse-power equals 550 foot-pounds per second. 1 horse-power equals 746 watts. 1 horse-power equals 1 second-foot falling 8.80 feet. -r 1 I • ^ • 1 , Sec. -ft. X Fall in Feet „ ,, ,,. 10 calculate water power quickly: — = >iet Horse-power on Water. wheel, realizing 80 per cent of theoretical power. METHODS OF MEASURING STREAM FLOW There are three distinct methods of determining the surface flow of streams: (1) By measure- ments of slope and cross-section and the use of Chezy's and Kutter's formulae; (2) by means of weirs, which include any device or structure that by measuring the depth on a crest or sill of known length and form, the flow of water may be determined; (3) by measuring the velocity of the current and the cross-section. The third method is the one most commonly used by this surv'ey. The second is used when the flow is too small to be accurately determined by the third, while the first is only used in making estimates of the discharge of a stream when the only data available are the cross-section and slope. Slope Method of Determining Discharge. — The slope of a stream, or, rather, of a section of a stream, is the difference in elevation between the upper and lower ends of the section, com- 20 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. I9I2 monly called the fall, divided by the distance or the length of the section. Slope sections vary in length from two or three hundred feet to several hundred feet, depending largely upon the nature of the stream. It is difficult to ascertain accurately the slope of the water surface in a stream, since in nearly all streams there are pulsations in the water, causing the surface to rise and fall locally. In most streams the slope of the bottom is far from uniform, and the flow of water in any given section is more or less influenced by the flow in the adjacent section, above or below. For this reason it is a good plan to consider a number of adjacent sections, comprising a considerable length of the stream, in one computation, being careful to take into account the diversity of cross- section at various places in the length. In determining the slope of the surface of a stream, levels are taken of the water surface at each end of the slope section, and referred to some datum or bench-mark. A good plan is to set firmly a stout wooden stake below the water surface at each end of the slope section, and then to drive a nail into the top of each stake, so that the nail-head will exactly coincide with the wa- ter surface. The diff^erence in elevation between the two nails-head, divided by the distance between the stakes, will give the slope. The wetted perimeter is that portion of a stream channel that is in contact with the water. The form or outline of the wetted periineter of a stream has an important influence upon the velocity of the current. It is usually determined graphically from the plotted cross-section or may be measured by means of a flexible tape or chain after the flood has subsided. The hydraulic radius, which is sometimes called the mean radius of the channel below the water surface, is found by dividing the area of the cross-section (in sq. ft.) by the length of the wetted perimeter (in feet). The Chezv formula, which is the fundamental formula for stream discharge, is: in which Q = the discharge of the stream in sec. -ft. A=the area of the cross-section in sq. ft. V = the mean velocity of flow, in ft. per sec. In applying this formula to the determination of stream discharge, the mean velocity of a stream is considered a function of the slope and of the wetted perimeter of the stream. This may be expressed by formula as follows: V = C v/77 in which r = the hydraulic radius of the channel. i = the surface slope, and C is a variable coefficient, depending upon the nature of the channel. In determining the value of C for any given case it is customary to make use of Kutter's formula, •which is: — In this formula r and s have the same significance as in the Chezy formula and the new factor n is called the coefficient of roughness. It is a variable coefficient, and its value is dependent upon the size, shape, slope and degree of roughness of the channel. Tables of values of n are given in various text books, but it is difficult to choose the correct value. It is, therefore, advisable w'henever possible to compute the value of n from a measured discharge. As the slope method of determining discharge is seldom employed except to estimate flood discharge, a current meter measurement is very often made at the slope section, during low water. Having determined the mean velocity, slope and hydraulic radius at the time of the metering, the value of C may be V found from the formula V=Cy/rsorC= , Trautwine's Pocket Book for Civil Engi- %/ rs neers and other texts contain tablesgiving the value of n for different values of r, s, and c. From these tables we can interpolate the proper value of n for a particular section of the stream, at low-water stage. In most cases this value of n is applicable to high-water and flood conditions of the stream also and is used with values of r and s for the high-water or flood cross-section to determine the value of C at the higher stage. Having determined the value of C the computation of the discharge is simple. The results obtained by the slope method are in general only roughly approximate, owing to the difliculty in obtaining accurate data and the uncertainty of the value of n to be used. Weir Method of Determining Discharge. — .•\s yet no permanent weirs have been constructed by this survey, and the only regular weir measurements have been on small streams by means of a temporary weir. The weir used consists of a wooden base of 2-inch plank, to which is bolted .a rectangular notch of three-eighths inch steel with bevelled edges. In making a measurement by means of a temporary weir, the following directions should be followed as far as possible. The weir should be placed perpendicular and at right angles to the bed of the stream with the crest level. The discharge should be free in so much as the nappe INTROD,UCTION 21 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d should have sufficient fall to allow air to have free circulation underneath it, and the head or depth on the crest should not exceed one-third of the length. The channel of approach should be severar times as wide as the opening and the depth of water in the bay or pond should be at least twice the head on the weir, so as to eliminate velocity of approach and cross-currents. In choosing a site for a weir, a point should be chosen that will fulfil the above conditions and give a good sized bav or pond. , To set up a temporary weir, a dam of sods and earth are thrown across the stream, the weir set in place and the sods tramped firmly around it to stop all leakage. On a stream with a sandy bed, sods or clay must be placed on the bottom for a few feet upstream to form a mattress to prevent the undermining of the dam. After the bay has filled up, the head of the water is observed by taking the difference in elevation of the crest of the weir and the elevation of the water surface in the bay at a distance of 4 to 10 feet from the weir, with an engineer's level. Two common methods of getting the elevation of the water surface are (1) hold the levelling rod on a stone or other solid body under water and subtract the depth of water on the rod from the sight on the rod; (2) drive a pin divided into tenths of feet into the bed of the stream so that an even tenth is level with the surface of the water, then hold the levelling rod on the top of the pin and add the length of pin above the water to the sight on the rod. When the head of water has been determined, the discharge is computed by using one of the standard formulae which will suit the case. Tables giving the discharges for different heads and lengths of crests are published in many engineering texts. The formula used by this survey for rectangular sharp-crested weirs is: Q = 3.33 (L — .'2H) H^I2 being a modification of Francis' formula, to allow for end contractions and elimination of velocity of approach, in which ^ = discharge in sec. ft.; Z. = length of crest in feet; H=hea.d in feet. Measurements by means of temporary weirs should be made some distance above or below the gauge. If they are made close to a gauge, the gauge must be read before the weir is placed in the stream and the pond must be allowed to run off after the weir is removed before the gauge is re-read. Velocity Method of Determining Discharge. — There are two methods of determining the velocity of flow of a stream, namely, direct and indirect. In the direct method, by which the velocity is determined by means of floats, the liability of error is large, and the results far from satisfactor>'. This method is seldom used except for very rough estimates or when a current me;er cannot be used. There are three common kinds of floats, viz: surface, sub-surface and tube or rod floats. In each the procedure is the same. A straight piece of channel is selected for the run and two cross-sections taken at some convenient distance apart, usually from 100 to 200 feet. They are then divided into strips by means of a tagged wire. The velocity in each strip is then measured by noting the time taken by the float in traversing the run or distance between the two cross-sections. As the time and distance are both known the velocity can easily be computed. The velocity, whether measured by surface, sub-surface or tube floats, must be multiplied by a coefficient less than unity to reduce the mean velocity before being used to compute the discharge. The indirect, or current-meter, method is the most reliable and most widely used method of determining the velocity of the flow of a stream. The meter used by this survey is the Price Patent, manufactured by W. & L. E. Gurley, Troy, N.Y. It consists of six cups attached to> a vertical shaft which revolves on a conical hardened steel point when immersed in moving water. The number of revolutions is indicated electrically. The rating of relation between the velocity of the moving water and the revolutions of the wheel is determined for each meter by drawing it through still water for a given distance at different speeds and noting the number of revolutions for each run. From this data a rating table is prepared which gives the velocity per second of moving water for any number of revolutions in a given time-interval. The accuracy of a discharge measurement taken at a velocity-area station is dependent on two factors, namely, the accuracy with which the area of the cross-section and the mean velocity of the flow normal to that section are measured. There is no special difficulty in measuring the first factor, but the second, the velocity, is very difficult to measure accurately, because it is constantly changing. It varies not only from the surface to the bottom but from one bank of the stream to the other, making it necessary to measure it at a number of points. In making a measurement with a current meter, a number of points, called measuring points, are measured off above and in the plane of the measuring section, at which observations of depth and velocity are taken. These points are spaced equally for those parts of the section where the flow is uniform and smooth, but should be spaced unequally for other parts according to the discretion and judgment of the engineer. In general, the points should not be spaced farther apart than five per cent, of the distance between piers, nor farther apart than the approximate mean depth of the section at the time of the measurement. The measuring points divide the total cross-section into elementary strips, at each end of which observations of depth and velocity are made. The discharge of any elementars- strip is the product of the average of the depths at the ends, the width of the strip, and the average of the mean velocities at the two ends of the strip. The sum of the discharges of the elementary strips IS the total discharge of the stream. 22 STREAM MEASJJREMENTS, 1911 GEORGE v.. A. 1912 METHODS OF DETERMINING MEAN VELOCITY There are a number of different methods of determining the mean velocity at the ends of these strips, or, as it is commonly called, the 'mean velocity in a vertical', namely, multiple- point, single-point, and integration. These three principle multiple-point methods in general use are the vertical velocity-curve, three-point, and two-point method. Vertical-velocity Curve Method of Determining Mean Velocity. — In this method the centre of the meter is held as close to the surface of the water as is possible, being careful to keep it out of reach of all surface disturbances, and then at a number of different depths throughout the vertical. The velocity at each position of the meter is recorded. These observations are then plotted with velocities in feet per second as abscissae and their corresponding depths in feet as ordinates and a mean cune is drawn through the points. The mean velocity for the vertical is obtained by dividing the area bounded by the curve and its axis by the depth. In the absence of a planimeter for measuring the area, the depth is divided into 5 to 10 equal parts, and the velocities of the centre ordinates of these parts are noted. The mean of these velocities will very closely approximate the mean in the vertical. It is often more convenient, when the depth is a number of feet and a fraction, as 7.4, to divide the depth into 7 parts of a foot width, and a part of O.-l foot width. Then the velocity to enter for the narrow part is 0.4 of the velocity at the centre of it. The vertical-velocity curve is useful in studying the manner in which velocities occur in a vertical. From a study of a number of these curves the other shorter methods of determining mean velocity are deduced. This method is not used in general routine measurements, except during the winter, on account of the length of time taken to complete a measurement, for a change of stage is almost sure to occur during a measurement on a large stream which counterbalances the increased accuracy. For this reason its use is limited to the determination of the coefficient to be used in the reduction of values obtained by other methods of measuring velocity to the true value, to the measurement of velocities under new and unusual conditions of flow, and for meas- urements under ice. Three-Point Method of Determining Mean Velocity.— This method gi\es the greatest accuracy outside of the vertical-velocity curse and is the method most commonly used by this survey during the open season. The meter is held at 0.2 in., 0.6 in., and 0.8 in. depth. The mean velocity is then obtained by dividing by 4 the sum of the velocities at 0.2 and 0.8 depth plus twice the velocity at 0.6 depth. It is the best method to use during low water, or in wide shallow streams having a rough bed, where the thread of mean velocity varies considerably from the 0.6 depth. Two-Point Method of Determining Mean Velocity. — In studying the vertical curves made at a number of different points and under varied conditions it has been found that the mean of the velocities occurring at 0.2 and 0.8 depth gives very nearly the mean velocity in the vertical. Use is made of this fact in the two-point method of determining mean velocity, the meter being held at 0.2 and 0.8 depth in the vertical. This method has been found more accurate than the single point method and the time required for a metering is not ven,- much greater. This method has been found to give, also, a very close approximate to the mean velocity in measurements of ice-covered streams, although these flow under very different conditions from those of open water. Single-Point Method of Determining Mean Velocity. — Experiments made under most favour- able conditions and extending over a long period have established the point of mean velocity in a vertical at 0.6 of the depth. Therefore the error resulting from the use of the 0.6 depth as the depth of mean velocity is very small, though in some few cases a study of the vertical- velocity curve will show the need of a coefficient to reduce the observed velocities to the mean. The variation of the coefficient from unity in individual cases is, however, greater than the two- or three-point method and the general results are not as satisfactory. For that reason this method is not employed very extensively by the survey. In the other principal single-point method the meter is held near the surface, at from 0.5 to 1 foot below the surface, care being taken to sink the instrument below the influence of wind or waves. The resulting velocities must be multiplied by a coefficient to reduce them to mean velocities. This coefficient, as found by a large number of experiments, varies from 0.78 to 0.98, depending upon the depth and speed of the stream. The deeper the stream and the gre_ater the velocity, the larger the coefficient. In flood work coeflicients varsing from 0.90 to 0.95 should be used. This method is only used when the current is too strong to permit the sinking of the meter to any great depth below the surface of the water. It is often employed at times of flood, or when a stream is carr\'ing a lot of drift wood or ice. Integration Method of Determining Mean Velocity. — This method of determining the mean velocity in a \ertical consists in mo\ing the meter at a slow uniform speed from the bed of the stream to the surface and return in a vertical direction, the time and revolutions being observed. In travelling through all parts of the vertical the meter is acted upon by each and ever>- thread of velocity from the bed to the surface of the stream, and the resulting observations determine the mean in that vertical. This method is \erj- useful in checking the results of other methods. It is, however, seldom used by this sur\ev, as the Price meter is not suited to observations by this method, since the vertical motion of the meter causes the wheel to revolve. 1 1 1 i 3J<9AT 1 i — I 1 ' 1 /ie> ' -n6<. , 1 ~l — ' — ' I i > o-*4 ex 1 f^Q i 01 £61 a i « iH ; oi- lai ! ai - s 1 « ^ £a 1 08-«IS a da^ 1 £ X O- Ml 3S J n^-O lOO-HlS 04 art 8' ■ .*- * »eiat aos ;aa 0 ; 4M lefKI a «^e ix 0 ^Lao 00 «♦.! 1 s -ISA 1 a r- — 1 a-S5*> :-- ■ -■-- ^>-£. 1 as - , e — — ' - a-^s AS£a - ■-£ ; IS - ! :; a^a r£ € r \ osess =. e 1 i 1 p— *T*8 s -i'5' . 1 bI^ J' ! — 1 \ 1 , i \ I I 1 L 1 1 « ■ 1 1 1 1 1 ■ t^oj 1 ( 1 i do \ ! — i \ J \ 1 1 1 \ I » $ % ^ 9. g f> % ? ^ ? 0 P/cr/e /Y'i -r- 1 Ta6le: . 1 1 ' ^"^xKt^ orxH,^ M*? 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' :s ■a f. ? ^ r ^ 1 1 1 >? r. 1 1 s \ 5 3 r /to/*- /Ae //oe/-us^'on m Osu^e ^ej^/?/' o/' jy^Z-er yy^/c/j a/ocs not' P/o//^a' Ay //fic INTRODUCTIOX 23 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 2od GAUGING STATIONS The first step is to select a suitable locality for a gauging station. Although apparently simple, this is really a difficult task. Not only must the water be moving in nearly straight lines over a solid bed and between well defined banks, but the place must be accessible at moderate cost, and there must be living near a competent person who can be engaged to serve as observer. Permanent gauging stations should only be selected after a ver>' thorough reconnaissance. In the irrigation districts and in more thickly populated districts there is more or less diversion of water. This is apt to complicate matters for the h\-drographer, or a gauging station above all works may not include all the tributaries of the stream and it is often necessarj' to establish gauging stations at several points along the streams, and on tributaries, canals and pipe lines, in order to obtain complete information regarding the water-supply in a particular stream. There are three classes of gauging stations^ namely, wading, bridge and cable stations. The wading station can, of course, be used only in the case of small streams having a maximum depth at its highest stage of three feet or less. The equipment for a wading station is small, consisting usually of a plain staff gauge, graduated to feet and hundredths, and fixed vertically to one of the banks of the stream. For convenience a measuring line, usually a wire with tags, may be fixed permanently at this section. When taking the reading, the hydrographer should stand below and to one side of the meter, so as to not cause eddies in the water. Bridge stations, because of their permanency and the freedom of movement allowed the hydrographer, are much preferred. Ver\' often, however, .more particularly in swift currents, the piers materially affect the accuracy of the results. When the gauge cannot be attached to a pier, it is often attached horizontally to the guard-rail or floor of the bridge and the height of the stream is found by lowering a weight by a chain over a pulley. It is indicated by a marker on the chain. Distances of three, five, or ten feet, according to the size of the stream, are marked on the lower chord of the downstream side of the bridge, to serve as a measuring line. Frequently it is impossible to establish a permanent gauging station at a bridge. In that case the wire cable of a ferry can be utilized, or, if that is not available, a permanent wire cable is stretched across the river. For spans of average length a galvanized wire cable three-fourths of an inch in diameter is safe. It is supported at each bank by means of high struts or by passing it through the_ crotch of a tree. The cable is run into the ground and anchored securely to a 'deadman' buried at least six feet below the surface, or, if convenient, it is anchored to the lower part of the trunk of a tree. A turnbuckle is inserted in the cable between the strut and anchorage to perrnit tightening the cable when it begins to sag. A permanent measuring line, usually a wire, with tags five or ten feet apart, is stretched across the stream just above the cable. .A cage large enough to carry two men and instruments is constructed and suspended from the cable by means of cast-iron pulleys. The cage is moved from point to point by hand. A stay-line, usually quarter-inch guy wire, is stretched across the stream about thirty to forty feet upstream from the cable, and securely fastened. By passing a sash cord through a pulley hung on this stay line the current meter is prevented from being carried down stream. LOW-VELOCITY LIMITATIONS Owing to the presence of a slight amount of friction in the current-meter, a certain definite velocity IS required to make the wheel revolve, i.e., to overcome the frictional resistance of the wheel. For this reason the meter is unsuitable for the measurement of low velocities, approach- ing this value. This velocity, which is required to o\ercome friction, and which is obtained trom the meter-rating curve, is called the velocity of no flow for the particular meter referred to. It varies in different types of meters, and also slightly in meters of the same type, according to the time the meter is in use, but ver>' seldom exceeds 0.2 foot per second in any meter. From a number of observations the low-velocity limit, below which values of velocity are unreliable, IS found to be 0.5 foot per second. In many cases at low stages the gauging station on a stream becomes unsuitable for a discharge measurement, owing to the mean velocity in the section lalling below the safe limit. In such instances, where it is possible to wade the stream, a suitable gauging section may be located within a reasonable distance of the regular station and the dis- charge measurements made at this point. When a gauging is made at a cross-section other than tne regular station, sufficient soundings should be made at the latter at the time of the gauging to aevelop the cross-section and compute the area. The measurement is thus referred to the regular gauging station and the mean velocity and area at the regular section is reported and used in the office computations. TSINTER ME.^'SUREMENTS ■ t-^^^ i.^^^ governing the flow of streams in open channels have, through extensive invest- igations, become well defined, but the flow under an ice-cover has been but little investigated. injMnter, as in summer, the daily discharge of a stream is computed from frequent discharge measurements and daily gauge-height obser%-ations. In most cases, however, the vertical- \elocity cun-e method is used for the determination of the mean velocity in the vertical, as the mean velocity varies considerably. In fact, there are usuallv two points'in the vertical at which 24 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. I9I2 the thread of mean velocity occurs under an ice cover. These points are near 0.2 and 0.8 depths and the two-point method will give fairly accurate results, but in this report all discharges are based on computations from vertical-velocity curves. The discharge measurements are made through holes in the ice from five to ten feet apart, and large enough to allow the meter to pass through freely. The measurement is then taken in the same manner as at open sections, except that the depth of the stream is taken at the distance from the bottom of the ice to the bed of the stream. The soundings, however, are always referred to the surface of the water in the holes, the distance from the surface of the water to the bottom of the ice being measured and subtracted from the sounding to obtain the depth. The meter should be kept in the water continuously to prevent the wheel from freezing and sticking. The gauge is read once a day, the observer noting the elevation of the water as it rises in a hole cut through the ice, the height of the top of the ice, the thickness of the ice, presence of needle or slush ice, snow on top of ice, ice-jams, and also any sudden changes in temperature. To do this the observers are provided with an ice chisel for chopping holes, and a square to measure the thickness of the ice. Any form of gauge may be used but the chain gauge is the most satis- factory, as the staff gauge, being frozen to the ice, heaves with it. Some of the cross-sections used in the summer were found to be unsuitable for winter measure- ments. This was usually caused by the cross-section filling up with slush, needle or anchor ice. There is a flow through this ice, and it is impossible to measure it. The most suitable stations for winter measurements are those where there is a long stretch of very smooth sluggish water above the station and a rapid fall below. There are certain conditions in Western Canada which make it exceptionally difficult to make estimates of the daily discharge during the winter. The gauge-height in many cases fluctuates very much, and often sudden rises or drops occur. The rises are often explained by the fact that during very cold spells a great deal of slush, frazil and anchor ice is formed and chokes up the channel, thus raising the surface of the water, when in reality the discharge is decreasing. Then, again, a 'Chinook' causes a sudden rise in temperature, and the discharge is often increased, while at the same time the gauge-height gradually lowers, evidently because the warmer water and weather has melted out a lot of the ice from the channel and given it a greater carrying capacity. So far the investigations have proved that, in order to make reliable estimates of the daily discharge, gaugings must be made at short intervals and the weather conditions and temperature must be very carefully noted. There is under the present methods a great deal of work in calculating the discharge by the vertical-velocity curve method and in estimating the daily discharge during the winter months, but as yet no improved or shorter methods have been discovered. It is hoped, however, that, in the near future, the laws governing the flow under ice will be better understood and shorter and easier methods evolved. A report on the winter conditions in the Banff district during the winter of 1911-12, by V. A. Newhall, district hydrographer, which is appended, explains more fully the difficulties exper- ienced in the field-work during the winter. RE-RATING OF CURRENT METERS Each meter is rated before being used, in order to determine the relation between the revol- utions of the wheel and the velocity of the water. The meter is driven at a uniform rate of speed through still water for a given distance, and the number of revolutions of the wheel and the time are recorded. From this data the number of revolutions per second and the corresponding velocity per second are computed. Tests are made for speeds varying from the slowest which will cause the wheel to revolve to several feet per second. The results of these runs, when plotted with revolutions per second as abscissae and velocity in feet per second as ordinates, locate points that define the meter-rating curve, which for all meters is practically a straight line. From this curve a meter-rating table is prepared. Theoretically, the rating for all meters of the sarne make and type should be the same, but as a result of slight variations in construction, and in bearing of the wheel on the a.xis at different velocities, the ratings differ. After a meter has been in use for some time the cups may have received small injuries, or the bearing of the wheel on the axis ma>' have changed owing to unavoidable rough usage. These changes will affect the running of the meter and change its rating. As a consequence each meter is re-rated at regular intervals and a new rating curve and table prepared. Particulars of the rating station and a discussion of the methods employed in, and the results of, ratings are republished from the report on Irrigation and Canadian Irrigation Surveys as an appendix to this report. OFFICE COMPUT.\TIONS Rating Curves and Tables. — When a series of discharge measurements has been made at a gauging station a rating cur\-e is constructed for that station, showing graphically the discharge corresponding to any stage of the stream within the limits covered by the gaugings. This curve, as it is usually drawn, has an abscissae, the discharges in second-feet and as ordinates, the cor- responding gauge heights at which the discharges were made. A smooth curve is drawn through the resulting set of points and from this curie the discharges at any stage within the limits of the curve are taken. Some measurements may be more reliable than others, owing to more or less favourable conditions at different times of gauging, or to other causes. In order to obtain the weight of the different measurements, curves with area and mean velocity, as abscissae, and gauge heights as ordinates, are also drawn. From a study of these curves any discrepancies P/3» NfS. ^_ ^ IRRIGATION OFFICE OFFICE ^ DISCMARGE. CURVE or MILK RIVEIR AX MILK RIV^R N-E. M See 21 , Tp, E , Rge.ife.W -?^>Mer Taw F N9 MeanVel 6H DisCHARSE. <9I1 ^'-^w^ _^J»M ? HiOfl . ■ 59 , 1 a& aujL -^^^ — H^ zjSS if > 6& e-io 2s\ae 1 la itrss- - Zft Z4S lO S 09 ?7S I-4S Ift ocl- 4 as 7s .36 1 53 >•) se NOV. lO 15 Id 1 &E 1 45 u »• Dec 7 roi ft.7 1 .e SEB ea SVU o 90 eas 47-97 • X fee cof7(A'/rons Mohe e/Zecf- on S^uge He^hf: ~ fifmy 7 <9 » Z ZA J)i»/snce in fee/- f/-om /nihs/ fain/". Sections show/np chants in Riter Bec^ Ab/e- Bo/ster Met/704^ use€^ m esHmahns ^he ^^/y discharge durffTff pen ods of chsn^fn^ co/fi////o/7S . Plate No. 6. Meters and Equipment for Measuring the Discharge of a Stream by the Velocity Method. Photo bv F. H. Peters. Plate No. 7. Gauging a Small Creek with a"15-iiich Weir. Photo by R. J. Burley. INTRODUCTION 25 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d in a measurement, either in its area or mean ^-elocity, may be detected. Should it be necessary to extend the rating cur\e beyond the limits of actual discharge measurements the area and mean velocity cur\'es maj' be constructed to the stages for which the discharge curve is desired and the latter found by taking the product of the two curves. The discharge cur\'e under natural con- ditions of flow is always convex to the gauge height axis. The area cur\-e is either a straight line or is convex to the gauge height axis, except in the case of overhanging banks when it becomes concave to the axis. The mean velocity cur\-e is alwaj's concave to the gauge height axis, except in cases where standing water occurs below the stage of no-flow. In this case the curve will assume a reverse form, starting from the gauge height of zero flow with a curve convex to the gauge height axis and gradually reversing to a curve concave to this axis. In plotting all three curves the horizontal and vertical scales should be so chosen that the curves may be used within the limits of accuracy for the work, and in their critical position will make, as nearly as possible, angles of 45 degrees with each axis. The rating cur\e being constructed it becomes necessary to prepare a station rating table, giving the discharge at any stage of the stream within the limits of the daily gauge height observa- tions on record. From this rating table the dailj- discharges corresponding to the daily gauge heights are read and tabulated. The rating table is constructed for tenths, half-tenths, or hundreds of feet, according to the readings of the gauge to which it is to be applied. The dis- charges for this table are read directly from the rating curve and are then adjusted so that the difterences for successive stages shall be either constant or gradually increasing, but never de- creasing, unless the station is aft'ected by backwater. Daily Discharge, Monthly Mean and Run-Off. — The rating table being made to cover the range of daily gauge height observations, the next procedure in the computations is to make out a table of daily discharges from this rating table. The daily gauge heights are copied as they were sent in by the observer and opposite each the corresponding discharge is filled in from the rating table. The monthly discharge is found by totalling the daily discharges for the month in question and the monthly mean is obtained by dividing this total by the number of days in the month. The run-off is computed with two diflferent sets of units, depending upon the kind of work for which the data is intended, as follows: (1) Run-off in inches is the depth to which a plane surface equal in extent to the drainage area would be covered if all the water flowing from it in a given time were conserved and uniformly distributed thereon; it is used for comparing run-oflf with rain-fall, which is usually expressed in depth in inches. The mean run-off in second-feet per square mile for each month is used. The monthly mean run-off in second-feet is divided by the area of the drainage basin in square miles to find the monthly mean run-off per square mile. This result, reduced to run-oft" in depth in inches for the monthly period, is in the form required. (2J The run-off in acre-feet is the form of most use in connection with storage. An acre- foot is equivalent to 43,560 cubic feet, and is the quantity of water required to cover an acre to the depth of one foot. The monthly mean run-oft' in second-feet is used for the computation of run-off in acre-feet. The monthly mean is reduced to cubic feet per month and this quantity di\ided by 43,560 gives the run-oft in acre-feet. The run-off of the stream being computed both in depth, in inches and in acre-feet for each month, the run-off for the period, during which observations of run-off were made, is found by the summation of the amounts of run-off for the several months making up this period. Changing Conditions of Channel. — On streams such as Milk Ri\er, whose bed is in a constant state of motion, measurements of discharge should be made every few days, otherwise consider- able data relating to changes cannot be obtained. For discharges on days other than those on which measurements are taken, the interpolation method is used. The two methods of interpolatjon in general use are the Stout and Bolster methods. The Stout method deals with the correction of the gauge heights. A curve is drawn, using the difference between the actual gauge heights at the time of measurement and the gauge height corresponding to the measured discharge as ordinates and the corresponding days of the month as abscissae. From an irregular curve drawn through these points corrections for gauge heights can be made for days on which there was no discharge measurement. When the discharge is greater than that given by the curve the correction is positive and vice- versa. Each dail\- gauge height is corrected by the amount shown on the correction curve, and the corresponding dis- charge taken from an approximate rating curve for the station. .The Bolster method deals more particularly with the modification of the discharge. Results of discharge measurements covering a whole year or season are plotted, and though considerably scattered, will define one or more regular curves, called standard curves, the number and position of each indicating the radical changes. Where the river bed changes from day to day, the position of the standard cun-e also varies and must pass through the poirits indicating the different days. I he points indicating two successive measurements are joined by a line, which for short distances on the cross-section paper is a straight line and otherwise a curve. This line is divided into a number of equal parts, each indicating an intervening day, the assumption being that as the change during this period is gradual the daily rating must' pass through each point, or day, as represented by the divisions. A simple and convenient way of making these interpolations and moving the daily rating curve is to make a tracing of the standard curve with a vertical line of reference. By keeping the lines of reference coincident this curve can be shifted into any desired position and the discharge read for any gauge height. 26 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 NORTH SASKATCHEWAN RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN General Description The North Saskatchewan River draws its water-supply from the eastern slope of the Rocky mountains. The basin is boundcu on the south by that of the Red Deer River and on the north by that of the Athabaska River. Its principal tributaries in the mountain district are the Clearwater and Brazeau Rivers. In addition to these there are a great num- ber of smaller streams draining into the river. From the City of Edmonton the river takes a north and easterly course for about forty or fifty miles, and then flows in an easterly direction to its junction with the South Saskatchewan River, a few miles east of the city of Prince Albert, Saskatchewan. From this point it is known as the Saskatchewan River. The greater part of the drainage basin in the prairie section lies to the south of the river and the principal tributaries are the \'ermilion and Battle rivers, the former emptying into the main stream north and a little west of the town of Lloydminster, and the latter in the town of Battleford. In the mountain section the North Saskatchewan River and its tributaries have well defined rocky valleys with a large amount of fall, and the whole drainage basin is well wooded. The valley of the stream widens out as it gets out to the prairies, and gives rise to large fertile flats. The timber in this part of the drainage basin is confined mostly to the river valley. The stream-bed changes from a rockj- and fairly solid formation in the mountain district to a gravelly, sandy and ver\' unstable bed as the river comes out on the prairies. The stream receives the greater part of its water-supph' from the mountains. In conse- quence, the high water occurs in the hot months of summer, caused by the melting snow from the mountains. The low-water period occurs in the winter months, when there is a minimum amount of drainage from the snow fields. Three stations were established on the main stream in 1911, and daily records of gauge- height were taken at these stations during the season, as well as discharge measurements at regular intervals. These three stations were located at Edmonton, Battleford and Prince Albert. The only tributar>' touched upon as yet is Battle River, a gauging station having been established on it at Battleford in 1911. NORTH SASKATCHEWAN RIVER AT PRINCE ALBERT, SASK. This station was established October 2, 1911, by J. C. Keith. It is located at the Canadian Northern railway and traffic bridge in the town of Prince Albert on River Lot No. 76, Prince Albert Settlement. Discharge measurements are made from the downstream side of the bridge, which is a seven- span steel structure on cement piers and abutments. The initial point for soundings is 25 feet north of the iron post at the end of the hand-rail of the bridge, and is suitably marked on the guard-rail of the bridge. The channel is straight for about one mile above and 300 feet below the station. Both banks are high and will not overflow. The bed is composed of coarse gravel and boulders with a silting of sand near the piers. The gauge is a plain staff, graduated to feet and hundredths, attached to the shore face of the concrete pier close to the right bank of the stream. It is referred to a Public Works Depart- ment bench-mark on a brass bolt on the top of the right abutment at its downstream side, marked 'P.W.D. B.M.47'; the elevation of this bench-mark is 14S9.202 feet above mean sea-level. The elevation of the gauge datum is 145(3.097 feet. The gauge was read once daily by L. ^lur^ay, of Prince Albert. As only a few discharge measurements were made during 1911, there are not sufficient data to make accurate estimates of the daily discharge. Tables of daily gauge-heights, daily discharge, and monthly discharge, for 1911, will be prepared during 1912 and published w-ith the records for that year. Discharge Measurements of North Saskatchewan River at Prince Albert, Sask., in 1911 Date Hydrographer. Width Area of Mean Guage Discharge. Section. Veloaty. Height. Oct. 2 and 3 Nov. 24 and 25 . ... J. C. Keith do Feet. 794 800 Sq. ft. 4874. 8 2463.5 234S.2 Ft. per sec. 2.14 1.11 1.13 1 Feet. 6. 286 4.265 4.586 Sec. ft. 10.449 2.757t Dec. 14 and 15 do 2.671t t Ice conditions. c w < J H % o < a. 'J) O in > 5 o U :£ *S» NORTH SASKATCHEWAN RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN 27 SESSIONAL P.\PER No. 25d NORTH SASKATCHEWAN RIVER AT BATTLEFORD, SASK. This Station was established May 16, 1911, by H. R. Carscallen. It is located at the traffic bridge in the town of Battleford on the northeast quarter of Section 29, and the southwest quarter of Section 33, Tp. 43, Rge. 1(5, west of the 3rd Mer. A large island in the river at this point divides the stream into two channels and the river is spanned by two steel bridges, one over each channel. The bridge over the north channel is a five-span steel structure on cement piers and abutments; the south bridge is a three-span steel structure on cement piers and abutments. The two channels necessitate the existence of two gauges, one in each channel. Discharge measurements are made from the downstream side of the bridges. Ths initial point for soundings for each channel is the north end of the hand-rail on the downstream side of the bridge, and distances are marked at every ten feet on the hand-rails. The north channel is straight for about 1500 feet above and 1200 feet below^ the station. The right bank is high, gravelly and free from brush. The left bank is comparatively low, wooded and will overflow at high stages. The bed of the stream is very sandy and shifts continually. Numerous sand-bars appear in the channel at low stages of the stream. The south channel is straight for about 1.500 feet above and 500 feet below the station. The left bank is comparatively low, wooded and w-ill overflow at high stages. The right bank is higher, wooded and not liable to overflow. The bed of the stream is composed of sand and gravel and will shift. The gauge in the north channel is a plain staff, graduated to feet and hundredths, spiked inside a stilling-box sunk in the bed of the stream at the right bank. The zero (elev., 74.37) is referred to a bench-mark (assumed elev., 100.00) on the top of the downstream end of the left abutment. The gauge in the south channel is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, spiked to the stream face of the cribbing around the right abutment at its upstream end. The zero (elev., 74.28) is referred to the bench-mark described above. On November 16, 1911, the above gauges were replaced by chain gauges of the standard type, one in each channel. The gauge in the north channel is located on the floor of the bridge, near the left side of the centre span. The zero of the gauge (elev., 71.87) is referred to the same bench-mark as the staffs. The gauge in the south channel is located on the floor of the bridge at the centre of the right span. The zero of this gauge (elev., 71.02) is also referred to the bench- mark described above. The gauges w-ere read once each day by George Bond, of Battleford, who lives within half a mile of the bridge on the north side of the river. In his absence the readings were taken by Robert Campbell, who is in the employ of Mr. Bond. As only a few discharge measurements were made during 1911, there are not sufficient data to make accurate estimates of the daily discharge. Tables of daily gauge-height, daily discharge and monthly discharge for 1911 will be prepared during 1912 and published with the records for that year. Discharge Measurements of North Saskatchewan River at B.attleford, Sask., in 1911. Date Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Feet. 'i'eo 1.405 2.23 2 28 4.41 3,67 4.07 4.186 i'98 1.83 3!2i 3.00 3152 4.065 Discharge April 3 W. H. Greene Feet. 624 606 324 930 805,5 457,2 12,627 10,778 4,999 15,777 1,076 6 509 2 1,585 8 807 0 442,5 1,249,5 ... Sq. fl. 1,848 1,807.5 2,156 3,963 2,539 3,059 5,598 4,924 4.174 9.098 • 4,531 4.639 9.170 2.065 2.632 4.697 1.078 560.9 1.639 511 1,085 1.596 Ft. per sec. 1 29 1.83 2.63 2.10 2,46 2 69 2,56 2.59 2.55 2 '.67 2,29 i'i7 1,21 i',45 1.83 Sec. ft. 2.395 3.317 5.665 8.982 5.322 7.540 12.862 13.248 10 673 May 18 May 19 do do May IS. 19 June 15. . . . do do ... June 15. 16 do July 14. 15 do .... July 17. 18 . . do July 14-18 do 23.922 11.776 11.851 23 6**7 Aug. 9. 10 . J. C. Keith do Aug. 10, 11 . . . Aug. 9-11 do Sept. 25 do 4,099 6,026 10,123 Sept. 26 do Sept. 25, 26 do Nov. 13, 14 do ... Nov. 15, 16 . . do 679 Nov. 13-16... do 1,945 738 Dec. 7, 8 do Dec. 8, 9 Dec. 7-9 do do 1,988 2,726 N.B. — Measurements on and after Nov. 13 were made under ice conditions. No. 25d— 2 28 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 NORTH SASKATCHEWAN KIVER AT EDMONTON, ALTA. This Station is located at the low-level traffic and railway bridge in the city of Edmonton, on the N.VV. quarter Sec. 33, Tp. 52, Rge. 24, \V. 4th Mcr. Tfie bridge is a four-span steel struc- ture supported by concrete piers and abutments. Between the right pier and the shore, and extending for some distance above and below the bridge, there is a row of timber piers with a long string of booms anchored to them. This boom is for the purpose of conducting logs to the Edmonton Lumber Company's mill, a short distance b.'Iow the bridge. The boom is somi-tim^s full of logs and at such times it becomes very hard to obtain velocity observations in this span. The channel is straight for about 700 feet above and 200 feet below the station. IBoth banks are high, of an earth formation and sparsely covered with brush. The bed of the stream is composed of sand and gravel, and is liable to shift. The three piers of the bridge divide the stream into four channels. Discharge measurements are made from the donwstream side of the bridge. The initial point for soundings is the stream face of the left or north abutment and is suitably marked on the hand-rail of the bridge. There arc two gauges at this station known as (1) the high-level gauge and (2) the low- level gauge. The high-level gauge is spiked perpendicularly to a high timber pier which is a short distance above the saw-mill, close to the right bank of the river and about 300 yards below the bridge. The gauge consists of two 1 in. x fi in. x 12 ft. boards faced with tin, stencilled ofT into feet and tenths and is spiked to the pier in such a manner that the twelve-foot mark on the lower gauge coincides with the zero of the upper gauge. The low-level gauge is spiked to a low pier about 200 feet from the right bank and about 75 feet upstream from the pier to which the high-level gauge is attached. This gauge consists of one 1 in. x 6 in. x 108 board marked in the same way as the high-level gauge. Both gauges are referred to a bench-mark on the down- stream face of the left abutment of the bridge marked "D.P.W." This bench-mark was estab- lished by the River Surveys Branch of the Department of Public Works, and their elevation for it is 2025.00 feet above mean sea-level. The elevation of the datum of the high-level gauge is 1995.668 feet; that of the low-level gauge is 1991.728 feet. This station was first made use of by this survey during the season of 1911. The gauge was read twice daily by an employee of the Edmonton Lumber Company, and the observations were supplied to this office by that Company, but, as only a few discharge measurements were made, there is not sufficient data to compute daily and monthly discharges. The records for this station for 1911 will be completed during 1912 and published with the records for that year. Discharge Measurements of North Saskatchewan River at Edmonton, Alta., in 1911. Date Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean \'elocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. Mar. 22. 23 May U, 12 June 12, 13 July 12, 13 Aug. 4 and 5 . . . Sept. 19 and 20. Dec. 22. 26 Dec. 29. 30 VV. H. Greene... . H. R. Carscallen. do do J. C. Keith do do do 400.1 1..500 1 1.518 None. 2.278 431.6 3.628.5 2 61 6.89 9.465 504.6 3.940.2 2.93 7.61 11. .550 578. 0 5.790 2 3 52 10 34 20.402 577.9 5,639 0 3 67 10 33 20.720 542 3 3.908.5 2.44 7 32 9..5.34 1.418.4 1.09 3 67 1.540t 1.606 1.04 3.81 1.699t Note: — Gauge-heights referred to high-water gauge. Zero of datum. 1995.668. tice Conditions. battle river at battleford, sask. This station was established June 17, 1911, by H. R. Carscallen. It is located at the traffic bridge about one and one-quarter miles south of the town of Battleford on the S.E. quarter Sec. 19, Tp. 43, Rge. 16, VV. 3rd Mer. The station is about three miles above the junction of the Battle River with the North Saskatchewan River. Owing to the station being so close to the mouth of the river, extreme high water in the North Saskatchewan River may cause water to back up on this gauge. Discharge measurements are made from the downstream side of the bridge which'is a three- span steel structure supported by concrete piers and abutments. Remains of old timber piers close to the new ones affect velocity observations in their vicinity. The initial point for soundings is a mark on the hand-rail opposite the stream face of the left abutment. The channel is straight for about 300 yards above and one-half mile below the station. Both banks are high, sandy and clear of brush. Both banks are riprapped with boulders near each abutment. The bed is sandy and liable to shift. SOUTH SASKATCHEWAN RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN 29 SESSIONAL P.\PER No. 25d The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is spiked to the downstream face of a short pile near the right bank and about forty feet upstream from the bridge. The zero (elev., 71 95) is referred to a bench-mark (assumed elev., 100.00) on the top of the downstream corner of the left abutment. , ., , ^ , , , ■ ,. ... „„„ ■ During 1911, the gauge was read once daily by L. J. Johnson, who hves withm 200 yards of the bridge. , , . ,,^., , n- ■ As only a few discharge measurements were made durmg 1911, there are not sufhcient data to make accurate estimates of the daily discharge, tables of daily gauge-height daily discharge and monthly discharge for 1911 will be prepared during 1912 and published with the records for that year. DlSCH.\RGE Me.ASUREMENTS OF B.\TTLE RiVER AT BaTTLEFORD, SaSK., in 1911. Date Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean \'elocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. May 20 June 17 H. R. CarscaJlen do Frel. 160 3 153 3 Sq. fl. 295.12 237 26 405.16 478.98 375.45 Ft. per sec. 1.642 1 38 1 85 , 2.13 1 2.09 F«(. 4.66 5 05 5.00 5.14 Sec. fl. 484.70 327.67 July 18 do J. C. Keith ... do 170.3 187.2 165.0 751.13 Aug. 12 Sept. 27 1022,85 784. &4 Miscellaneous Discharge Measurevents in North Saskatchewan River D.^inage Basin, in 1911. Hydrographer Location. Width. Area- of Section. Mean Discharge. Velocity. On. 20 Sg. Feet , Fl. per sec. , Sec.~ft. 15.4 I 0.90 U.OSx X Slope measurement. SOUTH S.^SKATCHEWAX RIVER DR.-MNAGE BASIN General Description. The upper portion of this drainage basin will be dealt with in the descriptions of the drainage basins of the Bow, Little Bow, Oldman, Waterton, Belly and St. Man,- rivers. These streams are all conjoined at a point known as the Grand Forks, to form the South Saskatchewan River. From the Grand Forks the river flows in a north and easterly direction to its junction with the North Saskatchewan river a short distance east of the city of Prince Albert. From this point onward the stream takes the name of the Saskatchewan River. After the confluence of the Bow and Belly rivers the stream receives comparatively little drainage, the principal tributaries being the Red Deer river, draining that portion of the basin between the North and the South Saskatchewan river, and Sevenpersons river and Swift- current creek emptying into the main stream from the south. Descriptions of the drainage basins of all these streams are given elsewhere in this report. The drainage basin of this stream is quite similar to that of all such streams as have their source in the mountains and flow across the prairies. The upper part of the basin has a good fall, with rock and gravel formation and a good growth of timber. In contrast to this, the prairie section of the basin is sparsely wooded, except along the banks of the stream, the rock formation changes to earth and the stream is more apt to change its channel, especially in times of flood. The highwater, futhermore, occurs in the hot months of summer and is caused by the melting of the snow-fields in the mountains. In consequence, the low water occurs in the w'inter months, when there is no melting snow to augment the stream flow. In addition to the gauging station on the tributaries, which are taken up in detail elsewhere in this report, there were two stations established on the main stream during the season of 1911, and daily gauge-height obsenations and discharge measurements at regular intervals were taken at these stations. These stations are located at the cities of Medicine Hat and Saskatoon. SOUTH SASKATCHEWAN RIVER AT SASKATOON, SASK. This station was established May 27, 1911, by H. R. Carscallen. It is located at the Cana- dian Northern Railway bridge in the city of Saskatoon, on the S.W. quarter Sec. 28, Tp. 36, Rge. 5, VV. 3rd. Mer. 30 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 The bridge is a six-span timber structure supported by cement piers and abutments. It was originally set upon timber piers and abutments. Parts of these old piers still remain in the stream close to the new cement ones, and affect velocity observations in their vicinity. There is a foot-bridge on the downstream side of the bridge which facilitates gauging. Discharge measurements are made from the downstream side. The channel is straight for about 500 feet above and 800 feet below the station. Both banks are high and sandy. The right bank is covered with a dense growth of trees and brush above and below the station. The left bank is clear of brush. The bed of the stream is sandy and shifts. The gauge is a plain stafT, graduated to feet and hundredths, spiked to a pile at the left side of the old timber pier near the left bank of the river. The zero (elev., 63.80) is referred to a bench- mark (assumed elev., 100.00 ) on the top of the downstream end of the left abutment. The gauge was read once each day by N. M. McDonald, a book-keeper, living within 200 yards of the bridge. As only a few discharge measurements were made during 1911, there are not sufficient data to make accurate estimates of the daily discharge. Tables of daily gauge-height, daily dis- charge and monthly discharge for 1911 will be prepared during 1912 and published with the records for that year. Discharge Measurements of South Saskatchewan River, at Saskatoon, in 1911. Date Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. Mav 27 , . . ; H. R. Carscallen . . . Feet. 744.2 788.7 716.7 795.7 640.8 Sq. ft. 5,916 7,688 5,451 7,830 4,317 2,095 2,098 Ft. per sec. 1 4.48 5.34 3.88 5.38 3.24 1.40 2.19 Feet. S.30 7.39 4.66 7.75 3.15 2.772 3.44 Sec. ft. 26 535 June 20 ... 1 do 41 054 July 20, 21 ... 1 do 21.192 Aug. 16, 17 .. .; J. C. Keith 42 162 Sept. 28. 29 . . . ; do 13,953 Nov. 22 ... do 2 942t Dec 12, 13 do 4 598t t Ice Conditions. SOUTH SASKATCHEWAN RIVER AT MEDICINE H.\T, ALTA. This station was established May 31, 1911, by H. R. Carscallen. It is located at the traffic bridge in the city of Medicine Hat on the N.VV. quarter Sec. 31, Tp. 12, Rge. 5, W. 4th Mer. The bridge is a five-span structure supported by concrete abutments and piers. Discharge measurements are made from the downstream side. The initial point for soundings is the stream face of the left, or west, abutment and is suitably marked on the hand-rail of the bridge. The channel is straight for about 600 yards above and below the station. The current is moderate and uniform, except in the vicinity of the piers. At these points eddies, and, in some cases, stretches of backwater occur, making it difficult to obtain the mean velocity. The banks are high and sandy and clear of undergrowth. The bed is composed of sand and gravel and is liable to shift at high stages of the stream. There are two gauges, graduated to feet and hundredths, fixed to the upper pier of the sw'ing span of the C.P.R. bridge about 200 yards below the traffic bridge. The gauges are spiked to the shore face of the pier and are so placed that the datum of the lower gauge is exactly five feet below the datum of the higher gauge. The gauges are referred to a bench-mark (assumed elev., 100.00) on top of the downstream end of the left, or west, abutment of the traffic bridge. The elevation of the datum of the lower gauge is 64.85; that of the upper gauge 69.85. The gauge was read once daily during the summer by John M. Fleager, a blacksmith, working within fifty feet of the bridge. The observations during l\\e frozen season were made by Alfred Webber. As only a few discharge measurements were made during 1911, there are not sufficient data to make accurate estimates of the daily discharge. Tables of daily gauge-height, daily dis- charge and monthly discharge for 1911 will be prepared during 1912 and published with the records for that year. RED DEER RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN 31 SESSION.U. P.4PER No. 23d Discharge Measurements of South Saskatchewan River at Medicine H.\.t, Alta., in 1911. Date Hydrographer. Widtli Area of Section. i Mean , Velocity. Gauge Height. , Discbarge. Feb. 25 H. R. Carscallen do Feet. 314.4 543.3 782.6 621.2 773.4 475.7 Sq.ft. 2.046 4.969 6.870 4.822 6.649 3.198 Ft. per sec. 0.77 2.94 4.27 2.76 4.04 1.46 j Feet. s.ii 8.35 4.97 7.72 2.48 Sec.-ft. 1.574 May 31 14.629 do 29.343 do 13.322* Sept. 9 Oct. 31 J C Keith 26.899: : 4,660: : * New gauge established. X New gauge placed. Miscellaneous Discharge Measurement South Saskatchewan River in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Stream. Location. Width .\rea of Mean ' Discharge. ! Section. . Velocity. Feel Sq. Feet Ft. per sec. Sec.-ft. Mar. 11-12 & 13 W. H. Greene. . . S. Saskatchewan River (near Bow Island) Sec. 15-11-11-4 671.80 1737.71 1.43 , 2477.17 RED DEER RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN General Description. The Red Deer River rises in the Sawback range of the Rockies, in the northern portion of the Rocky Mountain Park, near the boundary between the provinces of Alberta and British Colum- bia. It flows eastward for about forty miles, then northeastward for seventy or eighty miles to a point near Red Deer, -■Mberta. From here the river flows in a southeasterly and easterly direction to its junction with the South Saskatchewan river, just east of the fourth meridian, in Tp. 22, Rge. 28, \V. 3rd Mer. It has a length of appro.ximately 400 miles. The valley of the Red Deer is wide and deep, the banks being very rough and cut up with a large number of deep coulees, draining into the river. Near its source the basin is well timbered and a good growth of timber is found along its banks for some distance out into the prairie. Seams of coal, well suited for domestic use, are found in the valley and form the principal source of fuel supply for the settlers along the stream in the prairie section. ■ The river carries a considerable supply of water at all times of the year, but the volume is subject to sudden variations, due to the melting of snow- in the mountains and hea\'y summer rains. Of the tributaries of the Red Deer, the most important are Panther river near its head, Little Red Deer river entering in Tp. 36, Rge. 1, W. 5th Mer., and Rosebud river emptying into it in Tp. 28, Rge. 19, \V. 4th Mer. In addition there are innumerable small streams draining into the main river in the western portion of the basin. From the mouth of the Rosebud River eastward there is ver>- little drainage into the ri\-er. Irrigation on the Red Deer and its branches is practically unknown. There are only a few small schemes on some of the smaller tributaries. The land along the valley, though lacking moisture, is e-xtremely fertile, and with the help of irrigation much of it might be cultivated and fine crops produced. The irrigation of the bench-land from the river would be difficult on account of the small fall in the river, the depth of the valley, and the rolling nature of the lands in the drainage basin. \'er>- little hydrographic work has been done in this basin as yet. A gauging station was established on the Red Deer river near Innisfail, in 1910, but an observer could not be secured and only periodic discharge measurements have been secured at this station. In the fall of 1911, another gauging station was established at the towm of Red Deer. It is expected that continuous records will be obtained at this point. Of the tributaries of Red Deer river, Berry and Blood Indian creeks are the only ones that have been given any attention. These small creeks, which drain into the river in the prairie section, have a few small irrigation rights registered against them, and gauging stations were established on them in 1911. 32 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 RED DEER RIVER NEAR INNISFAIL, ALTA. This Station was established Sept. 2S, 1910, by H. R. Carscallen, It is located at the traffic bridge on thcN.E. quaterSec. 6, Tp. 36, Rge. 28, W. 4th Mer. The bridge is about four miles north- west of Innisfail. It is a three-span steel structure supported by timber, rock-filled piers and abutments, with a short approach at the south end of the bridge. The channel is straight for about 600 yards above the station. An island divides the stream into two channels, and extends to within about 300 yards of the station. The channel is straight for about -100 yards downstream. The current is moderate over most of the cross-section, although fairly swift in the right channel. The current is moderate upstream becoming more swift below the station. The right bank is high and sandy. The left bank is comparatively low and may overflow at verj- high stages of the stream. Both banks are covered with a dense growth of timber and brush. The bed of the stream is composed of sand and gravel. There is a gravel bar between the two centre piers, and in low water there is no flow in this channel. At high-water stages of the stream there are three channels, caused by the piers of the bridge. Discharge measurements are made from the downstream side of the bridge. The initial point for soundings is the right face of the left abutment, and distances are marked with red paint ever)- five feet along the bottom chord of the bridge. The gauge which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is spiked to the right abutment on the downstream side of the bridge. It is referred to bench-marks as follows: (1) three spike heads in the cribbing of the right abutment (elevation, 14.25); (2) two spikes in side of large poplar tree on right bank about fifty feet below the bridge; (elevation, 12.50). Arrangements were made with Mr. F. F. Malcolm, a building contractor living within 300 yards of the bridge, to take daily gauge-height observations. Mr. Malcolm, was, however, away from home so much he was unable to take any records, and as no other observer is at present available at this point a new station was established in the town of Red Deer in the fall of 1911. Discharge Measurements of Red Deer Ri\-er at Innisfail, Alta., in 1911. Date Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. H. R. Carscallen do Feet. 303.6 342.0 325.5 341.0 342.0 Sq. ft. 696.59 1.138.54 947.26 841.35 875.72 Fl. per sec. 2.94 4.70 4.53 3.77 2.61 Feel. 1.50 2.775 2.32 1 97 1.70 • Sec.-fl. 2.045.93 5 347 90 do 4.293.34 J. C. Keith 3 I6S 79 2.270.11 May 9 June 9 July 10...... Aug. 2. Sept. 15. ;. . . . RED deer river AT RED DEER, ALTA. This station was established on December 2, 1911, by J. E. Degnan. It is located on the S. E. quarter Sec. 20, Tp. 38, Rge. 27, VV. 4th Men, at the traffic bridge in the town of Red Deer. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is spiked to the down- stream face of the cribbing around the center pier. It is referred to the top of a pile on the right bank (elev., 15.50 feet above the datum of the gauge). The stream flows in one channel, which is straight for about WO feet above and 1300 feet below the gauge. The right bank may overflow in vers' high stages of the stream. The left bank is high and cannot overflow. The bed of the stream is composed of gravel, but is not liable to shift. Discharge measurements are made from the downstream side of the bridge during open water. The initial point for soundings is a point near the north end of the bridge and is marked on the hand-rail of the bridge. The gauge is read by Mr. Leo B. Brown. As only two discharge measurements were made, there are not sufficient data to compute daily discharges. The tables of daily and monthly discharges for December, 1911, will be com- pleted during 1912 and published with the records for that year. Discharge Measurements of Red Deer River at Red Deer, Alta., in 1911. Di'te. Hydrographer. , Width. Area of Sectiop. Mean Velocity. ' •"auge Height. Discharge. Dec. 2 Dec. 14 and 15 . . . J. E. Degtian Feet. 309.5 240.65 Sq.ft. 43S.31 404.6? Ft. per sec. 1.455 1.34 Feet. 4 11 4.105 Sec.-fl. 637 95 544.64 RED DEER RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN zi SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d BERRY CREEK AT FORSTER's RAN'CHE, ALTA. This Station was established on May 30, 1911, by R. T. Sailman. It is located on the N.E. •quarter Sec. 21, Tp. 23, Rge. 13. W. 4th Mer., about ten miles east of the village of Hutton. The channel is straight for 100 feet above and 30 feet below the station. The right bank is low, covered with scrub a«d will overflow in high water, the left bank is high and sparsely covered with brush. The bed of the stream is soft and may shift in high stages. The current is sluggish. Discharge measurements are made at a wading section some distance downstream from the gauge. The gauge, which is a plain stafV graduated to feet and hundredths, is nailed to a post driven into the bed of the stream at the right bank. It is referred to a bench-mark on a nail in the side of a tree on the right bank near the gauge (elevation, 5.37 feet above the zero of the gauge). The gauge was read once each da>- by Miss L. Forstcr. DiscH.\RGE Measurements of Berry Creek at Forster's Ranche, Alta., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. May 30 23 29 7 13 R T Sailman . . ' Feet. 15 0 8.4 19.0 17.3 13 3 Sq. ft. 4,31 1.66 12.4 7.56 4.40 Ft. per sec. 0 52 0 32 1 36 0 64 0.70 1 Feet. 1.S6 1.46 2.16 1.79 1.67 Sec.-ft. 2 34 do 0.54 July L. R. Brereton do 16.8 4 84 Oct. do 3.08 Daily Gauge-height and Discharge of Berry Creek at Forster's Ranche, Alta., for 1911. June. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. July. Gauge Height . Dis- charge. August. September. October. Gauge Height. Dis- ' Gauge j Dis- | Gauge i Dis- charge. t Height . i charge. iHeight. charge. 9. 10. II. 13. 14. 13. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22.. 23. 24. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. Feet Sec.-ft. Feet 5 39 5 34 5.15 4,82 4.18 3 70 3.42 8 , 3 32 1.46 1.62 1.76 0.7 2.5 4 9 3 24 3 18 2 98 12 , 286 2 81 2.78 2,74 2.58 2 51 2 46 2 42 2 37 2.33 2.29 2.26 2.25 2,24 2 21 2 17 2 16 2,13 Sec.-ft. 290 280 246 202 137 100 81 75 70 67 55 48 46 44 42 40 38 34 30 28 27 25 23 22 20 20 20 19 17 17 16 Feet 2.14 2.13 2.13 2.13 2.12 2.12 2.11 2.11 2. II 2.10 2.10 2.09 2.08 2.06 2.05 2.05 2.02 1.95 1.95 1.95 1. 91 1.90 1.89 1.88 1.87 1.86 Sec.-ft. Feet I Sec.-ft. ' Feet I Sec.-ft. 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.4 16 16 16 16 15 15 15 IS IS IS 15 14 14 13 13 13 12 9.1 9.1 9.5 9.2 9 2 8.9 8.9 8.6 8 3 8.0 7.8 7,5 7.3 1.85 1.85 1.85 1.85 1.84 1.84 1. 81 1.79 1.78 1.77 1 76 1.76 1 76 1 75 1.75 1 74 1.74 1.74 1.74 1.73 1.73 1.73 1.73 1.72 1.72 6.7 6.0 5.5 5.3 5.1 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.7 4.7 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.S 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.1 4.1 1.70 I 1.70 I 1.69 \ 1.69 1.68 1.67 1.67 1.67 1.67 1.67 66 I I 1.66 1.66 1.66 I 66 1 65 1.65 1.65 1.64 1.63 1.63 1.62 I 1.61 1.60 I * Above top of gauge. ivOTE: — Daily discharges for gauge-heights above 2.50 are "only approximate. 3.2 3.2 3.2 3 2 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3 1 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.4 2 2 I 72 4 1' . . .. 1 72 4.1 : 1.72 4.1 .. 1.71 3.9 . 1 70 3.7 34 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 191S Monthly Discharge of Berry Creek at Forster's Ranche, Alta., for 1911. (Drainage area, 1060 equare miles.) Discharge in Second-Fbet- Run-Off Month. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. Depth in inches on Drainage area. Total in acre-feet. June (23-25) 4 9 0 7 16 0 7.3 3.7 2.2 2.7 70.3 12.0 5.02 3.07 0 002 0.066 O.OU 1 0.005 ' 0.003 0.00 1 0.08 ' 0 01 0 01 0 00 0.10 16. July August September October (1-25) 290 0 16 0 7 0 . . 3 7 4.323 738 299 152 The Period 5,52S BLOOD INDIAN CREEK AT H.\LLAM S RANCHE, ALTA. This Station was established on June 26, 1911, by R. T. Sailman. It is located on the S.W. J Sec. 10, Tp. 23, Reg. 8, \V. 4th Mer., about one and one half miles above J. R. Hallam's house and 800 feet downstream from his irrigation dam. The channel is straight for fifty feet above and forty feet below the station. Both banks are high, fairly clear of brush and of clay formation. The bed of the stream is soft, with con- siderable vegetation and may shift in high stages. The current is sluggish. Discharge measurements are made a short distance dow^nstream from the station by wading, a weir being used at low stages of the stream. The gauge which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is spiked to a post sunk in the bed of the stream at the left bank and securely stayed to the bank. It is referred to a bench-mark on a large stone 107 feet northeast of the gauge (elevation, 9.00 feet above the zero of the gauge). The gauge was read once each day by J. R. Hallam. DiscH.ARGE Measurements of Blood Indian Creek at Hallam's Ranche, Alta., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. 1 Width. 1 Area of ■ Section. Mean Velocity. ' Gauge Height. Discharge. June 28 June 26. Aug. 9. Sept. 8. Oct. 16 [ j ... R. T. Sailman do Feel. 3.S 8.5 7.2 7.0 6.3 Sq. Ft. 1 49 1.71 1.92 1.48 1.33 1 Ft. per sec. 0.58 0.88 0.72 0.63 0.75 Feel. 2.25 2.20 2.18 2.18 Sec-ft. 0.87 1.51 1.39 do 0.93 do 1.00 Plate Xo. 10. Lake Louise and N'ictoria Glacier looking from Lake Louise Chalet. Taken by P. ^L Sauder. Plate Xo. U. A Small Lake near Laggan where Nature Multiplies her Charms, looking southwest to Victoria Glacier, four miles away. Taken by P. ^I. Sauder. RED DEER RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN 35 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d D\iLY G\UGE Height and Discharge of Blood Indian Creek at Hallam's Ranche, Alta., for 1911. June. July. August. September. October. November. Day. j Gauge j Dis- Height. charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Feet. Sec.-ft. Feel. Sec.-fl. Feet. Sec-ft. Feel. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. Feel. Sec.-ft. I 1:::::::::::: 4 S 2.39 2.29 2 28 2 35 2 34 3.4 1.9 1.8 2,6 2,5 2.18 2.18 2.17 2.17 2.18 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.0 2.16 2.16 2.16 2.16 2.18 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 2.18 2.18 2.18 2.18 2.18 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 , 1.0 2.18 2.18 2.18 2.18 2.18 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 6 7 8 i '■ ■ ■ ■ 2.30 2 30 2 34 2.35 2.39 2,0 2,0 2,5 2,6 3.4 2.20 2.20 2.19 2.18 2.18 I.l 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.18 2.18 2.18 2.18 2.18 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.18 2.18 2.18 2.18 2.18 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.18 2.18 2.19 2.19 2.19 1.0 1.0 1.0 9 1.0 10 1.0 11 12 13 14 .... .... 2 30 2 35 2 35 2.36 2.36 2 0 2.6 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.18 2.17 2.17 2.17 2.17 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 2.18 2.18 2.18 2.18 2.18 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.18 2.18 2.18 2.18 2.18 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 t2.19 2.20 2.23 2.23, 2.30 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.3 15 2 0 16 17 18 19 20 . . .[ 2. 39 2.39 2,28 2.28 2.20 3.4 3.4 1.8 1.8 1.1 2.17 2.16 2.16 2.16 2.16 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 2.18 2.18 2.18 2.18 2.18 1.0 1.0 10 1.0 1.0 2.18 2.18 '2.18 2.18 2.18 1.0 1.0 1.0 10 1,0 21 22 23 24 25 .... 2 20 2 19 2 19 2.19 2.19 1.1 1 0 1,0 1,0 1.0 2.15 2.15 2.17 2.17 2.16 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 2.18 2.18 2.18 2.18 2.18 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.18 2.18 2.18 2.18 2.18 1,0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 '.'. . . 26 2.25 1.5 2 32 2 3 2.19 2 19 2.19 2.19 2.19 2.18 1.0 1.0 10 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.15 2.18 2.18 2.17 2.17 2.16 0.8 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 2.18 2.18 2.18 2.18 2.18 1.0 1.0 1.0 10 1.0 2.18 2.18 2.18 2. IS 2.18 2.18 1.0 I.O 1.0 10 1.0 1.0 27 28 2 23 2 26 2 21 1.9 1.6 1.2 29 30 31 tNo observation, gauge height interpolated. Note: — Data insufficient for computation of discharges corresponding to gauge heights over 2.30. Monthly Discharge of Blood Indian Creek at Hallam's Ranche, Alta., for 1911. (Drainage area, 322 square miles.) Discharge in Second-feet Run-Off. , Month. Maximum . Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. Depth in inches on Drainage area. Total in acre-feet. June (26-30) 2.3 3.4 1.1 1.0 10 2.0 1,2 1.0 .8 .9 10 10 1 70 1.94 0.932 0.987 1.0 1.11 0.005 0.006 0.003 0.003 0.003 0 003 0.001 0.006 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.002 17 July 119 August September October November (1-15) .- 57 59 61 33 The period 346 36 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, IQJl 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 Miscellaneous Discharge Measurements in Red Deer River Drainage Basin, in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Stream. Location. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Discharge. July 29 Sept. 7 Oct. 12 Aug. 3 Sept. 18 July 31 Sept. 7. ... L. R. Brereton . do do J. C. Keith .... do L. R. Brereton . . do do do do do Bullpound Creek. . do do BUndman River. . . do Dead Fish Creek.... do do Est Br. Berry Crk do do N.W. 9-25-14-4. N.E. 25-24-15-4. do Sec. 15-39-27-4. do N.E. 21-23-13^. do do Sec. 35-22-12-4 do do Fiel ' 20.5 9.9 No Flow. , 98 0 96 0 ' 1.0 1 1.50 Sq. feel 12.41 2.42 water in 3.i2 90 330.30 0.10 Ft. per sec. 0 40 0 77 pools. 0 78 0 745 0.40 Sec. feet 4.95 1.86 278. 246 05 0 04 nil. Oct. 13 July 31. 0.16 0.38 0.06 Dr>-. Dry. Sept. 8 Oct. 14 No flow, water in pools. BOW RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. General Description The Bow River heads in lakes Bow and Hector, which He north of the Canadian Pacific Rail- way and just east of the Great Divide, in the Rocky Mountain Park, whose elevations are 6420 and 5694 feet, respectively, above mean sea-level. The river Hows in a southeasterly direction to the city of Calgary, where it takes a big bend to the south, then continues in a southeasterly course to its junction with Belly River at the Grand Forks. From the confluence of these two streams it is known as the South Saskatchewan River. The Bow River has a large number of streams draining into it in the western portion of the basin. Of these, the principal tributaries are Cascade and Ghost rivers, draining the northern portion of the basin, aijd Spray, Kananaskis, Elbow, Sheep and Highwood rivers, draining the southern portion. Beyond the mouth of Highwood river very little drainage reaches Bow river and, in consequence, the stream depends for its supply almost wholly upon the run-off from the mountains and foothills. As a result, Bow River possesses a normally steady flow throughout the year, but is subject to sudden freshets caused by melting snow and heavy rains in the moun- tains. The minimum flow, therefore, occurs in the frozen season, when there is little run-off from the snow fields in the western part of the drainage basin. The valley of the Bow is deep and well defined throughout its course. In the mountain section it is, naturally, comparatively narrow and very heavily timbered, and the stream flows over a stony bed and between high rocky banks. The nature of the valley changes gradually until, when it reaches the prairie, it is wide, of a clay formation and devoid of trees and the stream flows over a bed consisting mainly of gravel and sand. The water is clear and pure. Considerable water is being diverted from Bow River for irrigation purposes and more will be used in the near future. The Natural Resources Branch of the Canadian Pacific Railway are preparing to irrigate about 3,000,000 acres of land lying north of their main line and between Calgary and the eastern boundary of Range 11, W. 4th Mer. The water is being diverted about two miles east of Calgary and also at Bassano. The western section of the tract is now supplied with water and the works to supply the Central and Eastern sections are being rushed to com- pletion. The Southern Alberta Land Company has been granted water rights and works are being constructed to irrigate about 380,000 acres of land lying to the west of Medicine Hat. The head-gates of their canal and their reservoir are near Gleichen. In addition to these large projects, there are a number of small schemes on Highwood and Sheep rivers and their branches. Many favourable sites for power development are located on the Bow and its tributaries, but up to the present only one of any importance has been developed. This belongs to the Calgary Power and Transmission Company, and is for the purpose of supplying Calgary with electric power. Their dam and power-house is just below Kananaskis falls, their transmission line running a distance of fifty miles to Calgary. At present only 12,000 horse-power is to be developed, but ultimately this will be raised to 30,000 horse-power, their power plant being designed to accommodate this increase. In addition to these projects the city of Calgary draws its domestic water-supply from Elbow River. The intake is about twelve miles southwest of Calgary, above which point the course of the river is through a wild and unsettled country, thus insuring the purity of the water- supply. BOW RIVER AT LAGGAN, ALTA. This station was established on July 18, 1910, by J.C. Keith. It was at first located at an old traffic bridge on the N.E U Sec. 28, Tp. 28, Rge. 16, W. 5th Mer., about one third of a mile west of Laggan. This site did not prove satisfactory, and a cable station was, therefore, estab- BOW RIVER DR.iIXACE BASIN 37 SESSIONAL PAPEai No. 25d lished by H. C. Ritchie near the east boundary of the S. E. ^A Sec. 28, Tp. 28, Rge. 16, \V. 5th Mer., on -August 30, 1911. The new station is about half a mile southeast of Laggan and about 300 feet above the mouth of Pipestone river. The river flows in one channel at all stages. It is straight for 75 feet above and 200 feet below the station. Both banks are high and not liable to overflow. The right bank is covered with a good growth of spruce, but the left is almost clear. The bed of the stream is composed of gravel and boulders, but is not liable to shift. The current has a good velocity. Discharge measurements are made by means of a cable, car, tagged wire and stay wire. The initial point for soundings is the centre of the tower on the left bank, and distances are marked on the measuring wire by tags at everj- five feet. The gauge, which is of the standard chain type, is situated at the left bank, about S feet downstream from the cable. The zero (elev., S9.14) is referred to a permanent iron bench- mark (assumed elev., 100.00) situated about 11 feet southeast of the cable tower on the left bank. Arrangements were made to secure records at this station continuously during the whole year, but an ice-jam formed a short distance below the station causing back-water on the gauge, and made it impossible to compute the daily discharge after November 9th. During 1911, the gauge was read from January 1 to .April 30 by \V. F. Fraser, from May 1 to October 15 by F. A. Kerr, and from October 16 to the end of the year by E. Braund. Discharge Measurements of Bow River at Laggan, Alta., in 1911. fDate. Jan. 30 Feb. 13. Mar. 6 Mar. 23 Apr. 7 . Hydrographer. H. R. Carscallen. do do do H. C. Ritchie -Apr. 27 May 11,. June 1 June 16 .; July 1 ....! July 14 July 27 Aug. 18 Sept. 5 Sept. 21 Oct. 17 -Vov. 2 Nov. 20 Dec. i Dec. 6 Dec. 18 do do . Russell . do do do H. C. Ritchie H. Rrown . . . . do do \-, A. Xewhall. do do do do do Feel. 40.5 33.3 35 5 42 43 5 62 5 103.8 111.8 110.0 86.3 111.5 lOS 3 69 3 61.5 Area of Section. 53.9 43.1 36. S 43.2 43 5 ' 53.4 5S.8 93 4 184.6 310.6 277.6 232.8 259.6 200.0 1.57 9 98 3 Mean Velocitv. 1.49 1.10 1.48 1.41 1.32 1.88 2 85 3 50 5.77 5-71 4.54 5 24 3.99 4 90 3 43 47.7 46.1 2 79 34 5 29 0 1.95 61 5 289 5 0.23 61 196 0 0 62 42 38.2 1.65 45 42.2 1.43 Gauge Height. St. fl. Fl. per sec. Feel. 2,68 1.94 1.30 1 02 1.04 1.25 1.85 2 47 3 32 3.17 2.84 3 11 2-59 6 38 5.48 Discharge. Sec. ft. 83.2.x 49. 4x 51. 4x 63. 7z 81 . Ix 110 7i 265. 9x 647. 6x 1793 Ox 1385 0-\ 1058 0.1C 1360. OX 798. 7x 774. 2» 336.7* 64 128.5* 37 56.8* t 65 3* J t 121 7»' t 63 2" t 60. 2» xDischarge measured at old station. *Discharge measured at new station. tGauge not read owing to backwater caused by ice jam. JMay be slightly inaccurate owing to slush ice. *.\ccuracy affected by great amount of frozen slush ice causing cross-currents. ■Gauging made at an open water section west of Laggan. Probable error small. 38 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 Daily Gauge-height and Discharge of Bow River at Laggan, Alta., for 1911. January. February. March. April. May. June. D.\Y. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- .charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 2 I;;;;;;;;;;:; 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Feel. 1.65 1.90 2.80 2.90 3.00 2.85 2.35 2.35 2.50 2.50 2.60 2.60 2.40 2.20 2.20 2.10 2.05 2.05 2.05 2.05 2.10 2.00 2.10 2.10 t2.05 2 00 2.20 2.20 2.10 2. 68 2.65 Sec.-fl. 114 130 210 216 216 195 140 135 140 130 130 121 96 72 66 59 51 51 51 51 S3 49 S3 53 51 49 57 57 53 83 80 Feel. 2.65 2.65 2.75 2 70 2.65 2.65 2.40 2 20 2 10 2.00 2 00 1.98 1.96 1.93 1.95 1.98 2.00 2.05 2.05 2.10 2.00 2.03 2 05 2.05 2.08 2.10 2 03 1.90 Sec.-fl. 80 80 90 85 80 80 65 57 63 49 49 48.2 47.4 47 47 48.2 49 51 51 S3 49 50.2 51 51 52.2 53 51 51 Feet. 1.85 1.80 1.40 1.38 1.30 1.25 1.16 1.10 1.03 1.03 1.03 1.03 1.00 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.9S 0.95 1.00 1.02 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.06 1.06 1.06 Sec.-fl. 53 53 46 48 48 48 48 48 47 48 49 51 51 50 52 S3 54 55 56 57 58 59 62 66 70 71 74 77 89 82 85 Feel. 1.10 1.08 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.10 1 20 l.BO 1.40 1.45 1.16 1 10 1 05 1.05 1.03 1.05 1.05 1 OS 1.03 1.08 1.08 1.12 1.15 1.20 1.20 1.25 1.30 1.40 1.45 Sec.-fl. 90 87.6 84 84 84 84 90 103 120 139 149 96 90 84 84 81.6 84 84 84 81.6 87.6 87.6 92.4 96 103 103 111 120 139 149 Feel. 1.33 1.35 1.53 1.60 1.75 1.85 1.80 1.78 1 SO l.SO 1.85 1.85 1.85 1.76 1 89 2.07 2 26 2.20 2 25 2 25 2.30 2.28 2.16 2.09 2.03 1.95 1.86 1.91 1.96 2 06 2.18 Sec-fl. 125 129 167 185 230 266 247 240 247 247 266 266 266 233 283 371 484 430 484 484 620 506 424 382 350 310 270 292 315 366 437 Feel. 2.42 2.66 2.82 2.80 2.63 2.64 2.65 2.60 2.60 2.70 2.76 3.05 3.12 3.27 3.35 3.32 3.33 3.34 3.30 3.16 3.12 3.45 3.40 3.48 3.40 3.32 3.25 3.24 3 20 3 22 Sec-fl. 617 8S0 1.03S 1.010 818 828 839 786 786 894 963 1.349 1.456 14 1.697 15 1.832 16 1,781 17 1.798 18 1.815 19 1.747 20 1.519 21 1.456 22 2.008 1.919 24 2.063 25 1.919 26 1.781 2?:: 1.664 28 1.648 39 1.583 1,615 31 Note: — Gauge height observations were made at the old gauging station until the end of August. After that they were taken at the cable station. An ice jam a short distance below the station caused backwater on the gauge and made it impossible to compute daily discharges after November 9th. BOW RIVER DR-ilXAGE BASIN 39 SESSION.U. PAPER No. 25d Daily Gauge-height and Discharge of Bow River at Laggan, Alta., for 1911.— Continued. July. August September. October. November. DAT. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Dis- Height. charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feet 3.19 3.18 3 17 3 09 3.06 3 05 3.03 3 00 2 92 2.89 2.85 2.80 2.81 2.82 2.82 3.03 3.02 3.02 3.00 2.96 2.98 3.02 3.03 3 10 3.20 3.19 3.11 3.09 3.08 3.05 3.01 Sec.-fl. 1567 1551 1535 1410 1361 1349 1320 1276 1164 1124 1072 1010 1022 1035 1035 1320 1305 1305 1276 1219 1248 1305 1320 1425 1583 1567 1441 1410 1395 1349 1291 Feet 2.98 2.93 2.96 3.00 3.01 2 99 2 93 2.82 2.75 2.68 2.63 2.65 2 65 2.63 2.60 2.58 2.62 2.65 2.65 2.65 2.63 2.59 2.57 2.57 2.58 2 57 2.47 2 45 2 50 2.55 2.55 Sec-ft. 1248 1178 1219 1276 1291 1262 1178 1035 95 i 872 818 839 839 818 786 766 807 839 839 839 818 776 756 756 766 756 661 643 688 736 736 Feet 6.36 6.65 6.67 6.55 6.38 6 25 6,08 5 99 5 90 5.90 5.94 6.01 6.11 6.05 5.95 5.80 5.70 5.60 5 50 5.50 5.48 5.40 5.32 5.22 5.18 5.14 5.08 5.04 5 00 4.97 Sec-ft. 870 919 930 865 773 703 613 568 523 523 543 578 628 598 548 475 430 386 345 345 337 307 279 246 234 222 201 193 182 174 Feet 4.95 4.92 4.90 4 87 4.85 4.82 4.79 4 76 4.76 4 75 4.75 4.75 4.75 4.75 4.73 4.66 4.66 4.67 4.64 4.57 4.70 4.58 4.54 4.52 4.53 4.35 4.33 4.41 4.28 4.40 4.42 Sec-ft. 169 162 157 150 145 138 132 125 125 123 123 123 123 123 119 105 105 107 101 88.6 113 90.4 83.2 79.6 81.4 55 52.6 62.4 46.6 61 63.8 Feet 4.31 4.47 4.53 4.53 4.55 4.56 4 53 4.37 4.30 Sec.-fl. 50.2 2 71.2 3 81.4 4 81 4 85 6 86.8 7 81.4 8 9 57.4 49 10 jl ! 12 14 ..;.::; 15 f 16 17 18 * * 19 20 21 22 23 25 ... . 26 ' 28 30 . Monthly Discharge of Bow River at Laggan, Alta., for 1911. Drainage area. 166 sqaure miles. 1 Discharge in Secon-d-Feet. Run-off. Month. ' 1 Maximum.) Minimum. 'Mean. Per square mile. Depth in j inches on Total in Drainage 1 acre-feet, area Januarj- February March April 216 90 89 149 49 47 46 81.6 125 617 97.1 57.8 58 3 99.1 317 1.403 1.309 897 485 108 71.3 0.585 0.348 0.331 0.397 1.91 8.45 7.89 5.40 2.92 0.651 0.431 0.67 5.970 0.36 3.210 0.40 3.585 0 67 5 897 May June 320 2 063 2.20 1 19.492 July August September October 1.583 1.291 930 169 1.010 M3 174 46.6 49 9.10 6.23 3.26 0.75 0.14 80:488 55,154 28.860 6.641 1.276 November (1-9) 86 8 33.21 294.057 1 PIPESTO.VE RIVER NEAR LAGGAN, ALTA. This Station was established .-August 31,1911, by H. C. Ritchie. It is located on the S. W. yi Sec. 27, Tp. 28, Rge. 16, \V. 5th Mer., about seven eighths of a mile east of Laggan station and about 350 yards below the Canadian Pacific Railway bridge spanning the stream. The channel is straight for 60 feet above and 100 feet below the station. Both banks are low, but are not liable to overflow. They are covered with low scrub and a sparse growth of spruce. The bed is rocky, but fairly smooth at the cross-section. The fall of the stream is con- siderable, and the current is swift. 40 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 Discharge measurements are made by means of a cable, car, tagged wire and stay wire. The initial point for soundings is a point, suitably marked, on the centre of the left tower, sup- porting the cable, and distances are marked at every five feet. The gauge is of the standard chain type, supported over the water by two posts set upright in the left bank of the stream, twelve feet south or downstream from the cable. The zero (elev., 91.54) is referred to a bench mark (assumed elev., 100.00) on an iron spike driven into the side of a spruce tree on the left bank, 22 feet north of the cable. During 1911, the gauge was read from September 1 to October 14, by F. A. Kerr, and from October 15 to October 31, by E. Braund. Discharge Measurements of Pipestone River, near Laggan, Alta., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. Sept. 5. 21 17. 2. 19. ;:;:;;:;:.:: Feet. 64.5 58.5 52 2 27.5 14.2 Sq. ft. 99.1 74.9 50.2 36.0 31.3 Ft. per sec. 2.71 2.13 1.74 0.98 1.38 Feel. 4 95 4 54 4 24 4.19 Sec.-ft. 268.5 Sept. do 159 8 Oct. V. A. N'ewhall 87.2 Nov. do 35 4 Dec. do 43 3 Daii-y Gauge Height and Disch.\rge of Pipestone River, near Laggan, .Alta., for 1911. 6.. 7 . 8 . 9 10 11. 12., 13.. 14.. 15.. 16.. 17.. 18.. 19.. 20. 21., 22. 23. Day. 24.. ' 4.40 25 i 26. 27. 28., 29. 30. 31., September. October. Gauge Dis- Gauge Dis- Height. charge. Height charge. Feel. Sec.-fl. Feet. Sec.-fl. 5.12 31G 4 40 123 5. 15 324 4.40 123 5.17 330 4.40 123 5,08 304 4.39 121 4.95 268 4 38 118 4 90 254 4 37 116 4 SO 227 4 36 113 4.75 214 4 35 111 4.70 201 4.35 111 4.70 201 4.34 109 4 72 206 4.33 106 4.80 227 4 33 106 4.90 2.Vt 4 33 106 4.76 217 4.33 106 4.75 214 4.33 106 4.68 196 4.30 99 4.65 188 4.33 106 4 60 175 4 33 108 4.56 165 4 27 92.4 4.55 162 4.15 69 4.55 162 4 10 60 4 52 154 4.10 60 4 52 154 4.26 90.2 4.40 123 4.15 69 4.40 123 4.00 46 4.45 136 3 98 43.6 4.47 128 4 05 52 4.42 128 4 00 46 4.42 128 3.98 43.6 4.41 126 4.10 60 3.98 43.6 Note. — ^An ice jam formed below the station during the cold spell in the early part of November and caused the banks of the stream to overflow. Gauge height obser\ations could not be applied and were therefore discontinued. BOW RIVER DRAINAGE BASIX SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Mo.NTHLV Discharge of Pipestone River near Laggan, Alta., for 1911. Drainage area. 122 square miles 41 Discharge in Second-Feet. Maximum Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. Run-Off. Depth in inches on Total Drainage acre-feet, area. September ' 330 123 200 i 1639 l 183 11,901 October..'. 123 43 6 89 S 0 739 0 So 5,522 The period , 2 6S 17,423 BOW RIVER AT BANFF, ALTA. This Station was established May 25, 1909, by P. M. Sauder. It is located at the highway bridge in the village of Banff, about one mile from the Canadian Pacific Railway station. It is on the quartering line in the S. Jij Sec. 35, Tp. 25, Rge. 12, W. 5th Mer., and is about a mile above the mouth of Spray River, and a short distance below the \ermilion lakes. The channel is straight for about 300 feet above and 400 feet below the station. Both banks are low and are partly covered with brush and timber, but are not liable to overflow. The bed of the stream is composed of gravel and boulders, the latter making it difficult to obtain accurate soundings at some points. There is a deep hole near the right bank, but the greater part of the cross-section is uniform. The current is sluggish above the station, but the stream becomes swifter as it approaches the bridge, and breaking into rapids a short distance downstream, reaches the Spray Falls about half a mile below. The stream is divided into four channels by the piers supporting the bridge. Discharge measurements are made from the dow'nstream side of the bridge. The initial point for soundings is one and a half feet from the north end of the bridge, and distances are marked on the bottom chord of the downstream side of the bridge at every five feet. The gauge, which is a plain staff, graduated to feet and tenths, is attached to the downstream side of the centre pier. The zero (elev., 92.36) is referred to a permanent iron bench-mark (assumed elev., 100.00) situated on the right bank about forty feet east of the southern extremity of the bridge. During 1911, the gauge was read by N. B. Sanson, Meteorological Observer at Banff. Discharge Measurements of Bow River at Banff, Alta., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. Jan. 23 H. R. Carscallen . Feb. 15 do Mar. 8 , , do Mar. 24 do Apr. 6 1 H. C. Ritchie Apr. 28 do May lU do May 31 B. Russell - do . do 2J . . July July 13 26 17 Aug. 31 Sept. Oct. Nov IS 18 4 Nov. 24 Dec 21 do a. C. Ritchie . H. Brown do do V. A. Newhall do do do •Negative gauge height, xlce conditions. tPartly frozen over. Feel. :iO .il 52 82.3 58 101 5 240 284.5 320 322 320 319 303 297 279 199.5 130.5 114 54 .5 5s. /(. 151 6 140.6 151.4 172.5 14S.S 586.9 739.6 957.5 1709 1566 1303 1376 1092 1042 872.1 655.8 556.3 473.7 173.0 Ft. per sec. ' Feet. 2.5S 2.17 2.26 1.97 1.S9 1.01 1,31 1 93 4.62 4.03 3 01 3.25 2 23 1.98 l.o6 1 03 0.99 1.00 1.89 0.84 0.71 0.06 0 16 *0.04 0.63 1 24 1.90 4 35 3.90 .98 .30 .49 .26 .73 1.09 0.83 0.76 0.41 Sec. ft. ' 390.61 305. Sx 341.41 340. 2t 281. 3t 592.7 1,114 1,852 7,908 6,309 3.928 4,465 2.456 2.066 1,365 673.8 553.0 474 Of 327. 4t STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 D.MLY Gauge-heights and Discharge of Bow River, at Banff, Alta., (or 1911. I January. T).\\. Gauge Height. February. March. Dis- Gauge 1 Dis- ; Gauge I Dis- Gauge charge. Height, charge. Height.' charge. Height. April. May. June. Dis- Gauge Dis- ' Gauge ( Dis- charge. Height I charge. Height, charge. Fett. 1 0.23 2 0.23 3 1 0.41 4 0.47 5 0.54 6 0.58 7 ' 0.59 8 ' 0.55 9 0.29 10 0.41 11 0.48 12 0.60 13 0.59 14 ' 0 65 15 0.70 16 0.72 17 : 0.76 18 0.78 19 t 0.82 20 ■ 0.90 21 0.88 22 : 0.84 23 0.82 24 1 0.82 25 0.74 26 0.76 27 0 85 28 ' 0 93 29 0.95 30 0.92 31 ' 0.88 Sec.-fl. Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. 280 260 345 343 375 375 375 320 210 240 265 .300 280 295 300 312 336 348 374 430 416 388 374 374 324 336 395 451 463 444 416 1 0.76 0.81 0.88 0.92 1.04 0.92 0.91 0.89 0.91 0.91 0.89 0.87 0.73 0.71 0.67 0.71 0.71 0.59 to. 58 0.57 0.49 0.49 0.50 0.52 0.62 ■fO.55 0.47 0.41 336 367 416 444 537 444 437 423 437 437 423 409 318 306 285 306 306 251 247 243 211 211 215 223 263 233 233 210 0.40 0.44 0.41 0.20 I to. 16 , 0.11 0.10 0.04 0.04 0.02 •0.02 t*0 02 •0.03 0.03 •0.02 *0.01 1 •0.01 i *0,01 to. 06 0.13 I 0.16 0.13 0.16 0.13 0.06 to. 06 0.06 0.03 0.09 0.12 0.09 240 270 285 255 265 2.S0 300 307 307 301 289 2S9 2.S6 304 289 292 292 292 313 334 344 334 • 344 334 313 313 313 310 322 331 322 0.06 t*0.01 •0.08 •0.11 •0.04 0.04 •0 01 •0.02 to. 00 0.01 •0.01 *0 05 •0 05 •0.04 •0.04 to .00 0 04 0.03 0.07 0.13 0.30 0 .30 0.30 0.42 0.60 0 65 0.64 0 64 0.62 0.64 Sec.-ft. Feet. 313 292 274 268 283 307 292 289 295 298 292 280 280 283 283 293 307 304 316 334 400 400 400 460 355 590 383 583 569 583 Sec.-Jt. i Feet. Sec.-ft. 0.76 1 0.90 1 0.94 1.04 1.23 1.42 1 38 1.31 1.27 1.23 1 22 1 21 1 20 1.20 1.25 I [ 1.33 1..57 1.70 ' 1.67 1.86 1 1.65 1.72 1.64 1.55 1.48 1.41 1.36 1.32 1 36 1.44 1.73 669 793 831 921 1.100 1.290 1.250 1,180 1.140 1,100 1.090 1.080 1,070 1.070 1,120 1,220 1.452 1.595 1.362 1,551 1.540 1.619 1.529 2.35 3.10 3 50 3.50 3.15 3.00 2 90 2.90 2 90 2.95 3.35 3.98 4.35 4.70 4.40 4.33 4 30 4.32 4 15 4.00 3 98 4 38 4 60 1.430 1.3.53 4 40 4.53 1.280 1.230 1.190 1.230 1,310 3.98 3.98 4 00 4.00 3.95 1.631 2,595 4,210 5.200- 5.200 4,330 3,970 3,735 3,735 3.735 3,830 4.815 6..572 7.900 9.310 8.095 7,900 7.710 7.786 7.1.55 6.640 6.572 8,017 8,900 8,095 8,613 6,572 6,572 6,640 6,640 6,470 t No observations, gauge height interpolated. * Negative gauge height. Note. — \'ery good winter Sta tion BOW RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN 43 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Daily Gauge-heights and Discharge of Bow River, at Banff, Alta., for 1911. — Con. July. August. September. October. November. 1 1 December. Day. Gauge Height Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. I 2 Feel. 3.88 3.88 3.80 3.55 3 27 3.20 3 61 3 50 3 25 3.20 3.12 3.05 2 98 3.00 3 22 3.28 3.38 3,38 3.14 3 05 2.97 3.10 3 05 3 00 3 17 3.29 3 20 2.94 2 92 2 93 2.85 Sec-fl. 1 6.252 6.252 6.025 5.330 4.618 4.450 5.493 5.200 4.570 4,450 4,258 4,090 3,922 3,945 4,545 4,700 4,965 4,940 4.200 3.915 3.660 3.990 3.840 3.670 4,095 4.436 4.180 3.475 3.425 3.450 3.250 Feet. 2.78 2.84 2.86 2.88 2.88 2.88 2.85 2.86 2.75 2.65 2.58 2 50 2.65 2 48 2.48 2.52 2.45 2.48 2.48 2.52 2.44 2.39 2 30 2 27 2.28 2.30 2.21 2.17 2.14 2.18 2 23 Sec-fl. 3.079 3.225 3.275 3,325 3,325 3,325 3,250 3.275 3,010 2,790 2,643 2.480 2,580 2,442 2,442 2,520 2,385 2.442 2.442 2.520 2.367 2.277 2.120 2.072 2.088 2.120 1.976 1.915 1.871 1.930 2 008 Feet. 2.30 2.32 2.38 2.38 2.28 2.18 2.07 2.00 1.98 1.92 1.91 1.91 2.10 1.99 1.93 1.89 1.81 1.73 1.69 1.62 1.62 1.61 1.59 1.54 1.48 1.46 1 41 1.40 1.38 1 37 Sec-fl. 2,120 2,154 2,259 2,259 2,088 1,930 1,773 1,675 1,649 1,574 1.562 1,562 1,815 1,662 1,586 1,538 1.442 1.346 1.298 1.2i4 1,214 1,202 1,178 1,119 1,053 1,031 976 965 945 935 Feet. 1.32 1.32 1.32 1.28 1.27 1.22 1.20 1.21 1.19 1.18 1.18 1.18 1.17 1.18 1.18 1.13 1.08 1.08 1 04 1.02 1.00 0 99 0.97 0 98 0.87 0.75 0.79 0 76 0.72 0.72 0.70 Sec-fl. 885 885 885 845 835 788 770 779 761 752 752 752 743 752 752 709 671 671 644 632 620 614 602 608 542 475 495 480 460 460 450 Feet. 0.65 0 67 0.76 0.83 0.80 0.80 ■tO.71 to. 62 to. 51 to. 38 0.23 0.20 0.24 0.39 0.56 0.66 0.74 0.81 0.80 0.79 0.79 0.63 0.62 0.60 0.65 0.62 0.62 0.53 0.55 0.67 Sec-fl. 425 435 480 518 500 500 455 410 364 319 276 270 278 322 384 430 470 506 500 495 495 415 410 400 425 410 368 372 380 435 Feet. 0.69 0.72 0.67 0.63 0.58 0.58 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.59 0.51 0.57 0.55 0.55 0.51 0.51 to. 47 0.44 0.49 0.51 0.41 0.51 0.52 to. 50 0.48 0.41 0.40 0.41 0.61 0.66 10.64 Sec-fl. 445 460 3 4 S 6 435 415 392 392 7 8 9 400 400 400 10 396 11 . 364 12 388 13 380 14 380 IS 364 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 26 27. 28 29 364 348 337 356 364 328 364 368 360 352 328 325 328 405 430 420 30 31 Monthly Discharge of Bow River at Banff, Alta., for 1911. (Drainage area. 857 square miles.) Month. Discharge in Second-Feet. Maximum Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. Run-Off. Depth in inches on Drainage area Total in acre-feet. January'. . February. March April May June July.... August. 465 537 344 590 1,631 9,310 6.252 3,325 210 203 240 268 669 2.595 3.250 1.871 347 327 302 367 1.240 6.251 4,438 2.565 0.405 0.382 0.352 0.428 1.45 7.30 5.18 2.99 September 2.259 885 518 460 935 1 450 1 270 325 1,.504 680 415 380 1.75 0 794 < 0.484 0.443 October November December The year 0 47 0.40 0 41 0.48 1.67 8.14 5.97 3 45 1 95 0.92 0.54 0.51 24.91 I 21.336 18.161 18.569 21,838 76,240 371.960 272.878 157.715 89.494 41.812 24.694 23.365 1.138.062 44 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 SPRAY RIVER NEAR BANFF, ALTA. This station was established July 15, 1910, by J. C. Keith, It is located at a traffic bridge about one mile southeast of the village of Banff, on the N.W. ]4 Sec, 25, Tp. 25, Rge. 12, W. 5th Mer., and about 100 yards above the junction with Bow River. The channel is straight for 75 feet above and 100 feet below the station. The right bank is low, and may overflow at high stages of the stream. The left bank is steep and high. The bed is composed of coarse gravel, and is not liable to shift. The current is swift, but the surface is free from ripples at the station. A quantity of rock has been dumped into the channel at the left abutment of the bridge and affects the accuracy of the results. Discharge measurements are made from the downstream side of the bridge. The initial point for soundings is the extreme west end of the bottom chord of the bridge. The gauge, which is a plain staff, graduated to feet and hundredths is nailed to the down- stream end of the left abutment. The zero (elev., 93.29) is referred to a permanent iron bench- mark (assumed elev., 100.00) situated on the left bank about fifty feet downstream from the bridge. On Novemebr 3, \'. A. Newhall established a chain gauge on the downstream end of the left or west abutment, projecting about five feet over the water. The zero of this gauge (elev., 88.71) is also referred to the above mentioned bench-mark. The length of the chain from the bottom of the weight to the marker is 14.67 feet. Observations were made with the chain gauge after November 11, but for this report have been reduced to the same datum as the stafi gauge. During 1911, the gauge was read by N. B. Sanson, Meteorological Observer, at Banff. Discharge Measurements of Spray River, near Banff, Alta., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. Fret. Sq. ft. Ft. par sec. Feet. Sec. ft. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. 25 15 8 8 H. R. Carscallen do do do 33 5 22 , 5 27 5 37 o 104.8 61.2 oO.S 59.5 1.62 2.34 2.76 1.99 *3.30 *2.05 *1.89 »0.75 170.3 143.4 140.2 118.6 Apr. May June July July 2S 12 17 3 15 H. C. Ritchie 60.5 74.5 120 119 118.5 83.7 109.8 336.3 315.1 255.3 2.68 3.51 7.05 6.98 5.85 *1.02 *1.35 2.70 2.22 1.80 224 5 do 383.0 B. Russell do do 2.511 2.200 1.494 July Aug. Sept. Sept. Oct. 2S... 19 2 22 14 H. C. Ritchie H. Brown do 117.5 111 92.5 74 3 62 o 303.6 168.7 148.7 119.0 86.0 3.48 4.42 4.45 3.91 3.61 1.60 1.36 1.18 0.89 0 70 1.05S 745.8 661.3 do V. A. Newhall 466.3 310.5 Oct 31 22 7 do ... 40 35 3 32.5 83 6 87.4 85.6 3.07 2.19 2 40 0 36 0.58 0 75 2.i6.7 do 191.1 do 201.4 •Auxiliary gauge BOW RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Spray River near Banff, for 1911. 45 Day. January. Gauge Height Dis- charge. February. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. March. Gauge Height. Dis- charge, April. Gauge Height, Dis- charge. May. Gauge Height Dis- charge June. Gauge Dis- Height. charge. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6., 7.. 8.. 9.. 10.. 11.. 12,. 13.. 14.. 15.. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. Feet. 1.58 1,29 1,76 2.11 2,07 2.02 1.78 1.82 Sec.-ft. 200 195 198 200 195 192 188 186 2.10 188 3.92 228 5.22 255 4.63 240 5.10 246 5.12 245 5.04 240 4.83 232 4.68 226 4.38 215 4.23 206 4.08 202 3 99 198 4.12 198 3.68 180 3.49 175 3.27 169 3 20 168 3.16 167 3.12 166 3.00 163 2.92 161 2.64 156 Feet. 2.47 2.48 2.50 2.44 2.45 2.36 2.25 2.30 2.46 2.36 2.23 2.20 2.14 2.16 2.05 2.13 2.00 1.87 2.10 2.03 1.99 1.98 2.10 1.97 tl.98 tl.99 2 00 1.97 Sec.-ft. 152 152 153 151 152 149 147 148 152 149 147 146 145 145 143 145 142 138 144 143 142 141 144 141 141 142 142 141 Feet. 1.94 1.98 1.72 1.82 tl.92 2.03 1.93 1.99 1.88 1.88 1.89 tl.94 2.00 1.77 2.33 2.11 2 72 2.27 +2.02 1.782 1.49 1 33 1.36 1.25 1.12 to. 98 0.84 0.80 0.82 0.81 0 79 Sec.-fl 140 141 135 137 140 143 140 142 139 139 139 140 142 136 149 144 157 147 142 137 140 140 142 148 150 ISO 154 140 147 144 Feet. 0.85 to. 80 0.75 0.73 0.74 0.75 0.77 0.77 to. 77 0.78 0.77 0.77 0.77 0.78 0.77 to. 76 0.76 0.77 0 79 0.81 0.87 0.89 to. 92 0.96 1.01 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.01 tl.04 Sec.-ft. 158 140 122 116 119 122 130 130 130 133 130 130 130 133 130 ■ 126 126 130 136 144 164 172 183 1 99 220 224 224 224 220 233 Feet. 1.07 1.10 1.14 1.17 1.26 1.36 tl.35 1.35 1.37 1.36 1.36 1.35 1 .35 tl.35 1.35 1.38 1.44 1.46 1.48 1.46 1.45 1.46 1.46 1.44 1.38 1.37 1.34 1.32 1.33 1.37 1.55 Sec.-fl. 246 260 278 292 335 388 382 382 394 388 388 382 382 382 382 399 436 449 462 449 442 449 449 436 399 394 377 366 372 394 612 Feet. 1.90 2.20 2.56 2.55 2.38 2.40 *1.54 1.53 1 48 1.52 1.88 2.26 2.65 2 45 2.70 2 65 2.65 2 75 2.68 2.58 2.52 2.62 2.70 2.55 2.65 2 32 Sec.-ft. 815 1.190 1.852 1,830 1,484 1.520 1.520 1,502 1,412 1,484 1,476 1.920 2,390 1,920 2,510 2.390 2.390 2,640 2.460 2,220 2,090 2,320 2,510 2,160 2,390 2,500 2,500 2,260 2.260 2,428 • Readings made at regular gauge after June 7th. t No observations, gauge height iuteriwlated. 46 SrREAM MEASUREMENTS, IQIl 3 GEORGE v., A. 1912 Daily G.\uge Height and Discharge of Spray River near Banff, for 1911.— Continued. D.4Y. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 July. Gauge Height. Feet. 2.28 2 25 2.25 2.15 2.02 1.95 2.20 1.95 tl.88 1.82 1.82 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.85 1.85 1.90 1.85 1.78 1.70 1.72 1.75 1.72 1.68 1.72 1.76 1.68 1.62 1.60 1.55 1.54 Dis- charge. Sec.-fl. 2.332 2.260 2.260 2.050 1,780 1.660 2.240 1.690 1.580 1.480 1.490 1.390 1.400 1.410 1.590 1.580 1.670 1.560 1.430 1.300 1.310 1.350 1.300 1.220 1.270 1.310 I.ISO 1.085 1.050 1.000 990 August. Gauge Height. Feet. 1.55 1.56 l.SS 1.58 1.56 1.55 1.55 1.56 1.56 1.54 1.53 1.50 1.48 1.47 1.46 1.45 tl.41 1.37 1.36 1.38 1.36 1.32 1.27 1.22 1.18 1.17 1.17 1.18 Dis- charge Stc.-fl. 995 1.000 1.020 1.020 995 980 980 985 985 955 945 910 880 870 850 830 795 755 745 770 755 725 690 670 660 705 670 640 635 640 650 September. Gauge I Dis- Height.' charge. Feet. 1.22 1.18 1 22 1 29 1.22 1.19 1.17 1.13 1.09 1 07 1.06 1.06 tl 05 1.05 1.02 0.99 0.98 0 96 0.92 0.92 0.91 0.89 0.88 0.88 0 84 0 84 0.83 0.83 0 82 0.80 October. November. Gauge Height, Sec.-fl. 690 664 696 752 696 672 656 624 593 579 572 572 565 565 544 524 518 506 482 482 476 465 455 1 4.55 430 430 425 420 410 400 Feet. 0.79 0.79 0.77 0.76 0.76 0.73 0.70 0.70 0.69 0.69 0.69 0.70 0.69 0 69 0.69 0.67 0.65 0.64 0.62 0.64 0.61 0.61 0 59 0.59 0.55 0.54 0.44 0 39 0 37 0.32 0.07 Dis- Gauge Dis- charge. Height, cliarge. Sec.-fl. 395 390 380 370 370 355 340 335 330 325 320 320 315 305 310 305 305 305 300 310 305 310 305 310 300 300 270 260 260 240 232 Feel. 0.24 0.20 0.50 0.35 0.36 0.34 to. 36 to. 38 to. 40 to. 42 0.45 0.54 0.68 0.62 1.11 1.13 1.14 0.95 0.89 0.86 0.72 0.79 0.84 0.78 0.59 0.52 0.42 0.57 0.68 0.75 2.35 December. Gauge Height. Sec.-fl. 225 215 300 255 258 252 250 235 235 230 225 235 238 230 258 255 250 232 225 215 200 202 207 202 190 188 180 190 198 201 Feet. 0.67 0.60 0.63 0.65 0.69 0.78 0.72 0.72 0.63 0.52 0.53 0.68 0.74 0.75 0.72 0 62 10.68 0.74 0.98 0.99 1.02 1.07 0.92 to. 95 0.99 1.45 1.78 1.68 1.10 1.42 tl.68 Dis- charge. Sec.-fl. 198 191 194 196 199 201 200 200 194 188 189 198 200 201 200 192 198 200 218 218 220 222 211 213 218 245 260 250 200 235 Monthly Discharge of Spr.ay River, sear Banff, Alta, for 1911. (Drainage area, 310 rquare miles.) Discharge in Second-Feet. Run-Off. Month. Maximum. 1 Minimum. Mean .| Per square mile. Depth in inches on Drainage area. Total tn acre-feet. 255 153 157 233 512 2.640 2.332 1.020 752 156 138 135 116 246 SIS 990 635 400 199 146 143 l£6 389 2,011 1.523 829 544 315 0 642 0.471 0.461 0.503 1.255 6.49 4.91 2.67 1.755 1 016 0.74 0.49 0.53 0.56 1.45 7.24 5.66 3.08 1.96 1.17 0.81 0.78 24.47 12.236 8.108 March 8.793 April 9,283 May 23.919 June 119.660 July 93.646 August 50,973 32.370 October 395 ! 232 300 ; 180 260 : 188 19.369 226 6.729 209 0.674 13.448 December 12.851 The year 404.656 ! Plate No. 12. Canyon on Cascade River near Bankhead, Alta. Taken by P. M. Sander. Plate No. 13. Gauging Station on Cascade River near Bankhead, Alta. Taken by P. M. Sauder. BOW RIVER DR.AINAGE BASIN 47 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Cascade River at Bankhead, Alta. This station was established August 16, 1911, by P. M. Sauder. It is located at a small log lootbridge on the S. E. Vi Sec. 19, Tp. 26, Rge. 11, W. 5th Mer., in the town of Bankhead, on the property of the Bar.kead Mines and about 100 feet below their dam. The channel is straight for 100 feet above and below the station. Both banks are low, but are not liable to overflow. The bed is composed of coarse gravel, which is not liable to shift. The current is swift. Discharge measurements are made from the downstream side of . the footbridge. The initial point for soundings is the left end of the bridge and is suitably marked. The gauge which is a plain staff, graduated to feet and hundredths, is spiked to the cribb- ing which supports the north end of the bridge. It is referred to a bench-mark on a tree stump on the left bank a few feet downstream from the bridge (elevation above gauge datum, 5.51 feet.) The gauge was read once each daj- by R. Lewin, a clerk at the Bankhead Mines. Discharge Measurements of Cascade River .\t Bankhead, .■\lta., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. ; Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. Jan. 27 Feb. 14 H. H H V. R. Carscallen do Feet. 27 27 S(i.ft. 45.0 35.8 34.1 53.2 55.5 144.3 141.3 127.8 123.7 126.0 100.1 99.4 89.0 114.1 Ft. per sec. 2.72 2.82 2 84 2.10 2.09 4.95 4.38 3.89 3.84 1.97 1.79 1.55 1.56 0.90 Feet. 1.58 1.46 1.36 1.19 1.04 0.89 6.73 1.73 Sec.-fl. 122.0 101 0 Mar. 7 do 27 qy 1 Mar. 24 do 42 111 8 Apr. 26 Aug. 16 Aug. 21 C. Ritchie Brown do 49 45.1 45 1 116.2 714.2 618 7 Sept. 1 . .T do 44 6 496 4 Sept. 19 do 44 8 381 5 Oct. 16 Nov. 6 A. Newhall do 44.8 45 248.6 17S 8 Nov. 23 do 43 5 154 1* Dec 8 do 38 139 3 Dec. 22 do 43 3 103 0 ♦No gauge. 48 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v.. A.. 1912 Daily Gauge-height and Discharge of Cascade River at Bankhead, Alta., for 1911 August. September. 1 Gauge I Dis- Height charge October. November. December. Day. Gauge Height. Dis- charge Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height Dis- charge. 1 Feet Sec.-ft. Feet 1.35 1 34 1 36 ■ 1 35 1.35 1.35 1.35 1 33 1 32 1 30 1.30 1 28 1 27 1 26 1.26 1 25 1.24 1 22 1.20 1.18 1.16 1 14 1 12 1 12 1.11 1.10 1 10 1 09 1 09 1.08 Sec-ft. 486 480 500 493 496 499 .501 484 47S 461 464 447 440 ■ 434 436 428 420 405 390 374 360 343 328 328 320 313 313 304 304 298 Feel 1.08 1 07 1.06 ; 05 1.04 1.04 1 03 1 03 1 03 1 02 1 02 1 02 1 03 1 01 1 01 1 00 0 99 0.98 0,97 0.96 0 96 0 94 0 93 0 92 0.91 0.90 0 89 0 87 0 86 0.85 0.83 Sec.-ft. 296 287 280 274 267 264 258 257 256 247 246 244 250 238 236 228 223 218 214 209 209 200 196 191 187 183 179 171 167 163 156 Feet 0.84 0.85 0.85 0.86 0.87 0.88 0 90 0.93 Sec.-ft. 160 163 163 167 171 175 Feet See.-fU 3..r 5 6 7 8 ....'. I X 0 73 0 75 0 92 1 22 1 42 1 62 1 97 2 27 2 52 2 72 3 02 2 97 2 57 2 27 1 87 1.52 1.52 1.77 1.77 1.77 1.82 1 82 1 67 1 57 9 10 U 12 13 14 15 0.98 ! 1.08 i 1.26 : 1.50 1 1.68 1 1.75 1 1.75 1 16 17 18 1.58 tl.56 tl 53 • 1 50 1.48 1 46 1 50 1.50 1.48 1.50 1.50 1.46 1.44 1.40 1.38 1.36 714 701 675 649 634 619 659 656 633 651 648 606 583 541 520 499 1.73 1.45 :;;.... ''O 21 22 23 25 26 28 .' 30 t No observation, gauge height interpolated. jc^uge carried away by ice on Nov. IS. Replaced Dec. 9. Note. — Not sufficient data to compute daily discharges after Nov. 6. Monthly Discharge of Cascade River at Bankhead, .\lta., for 1911. Drainage area, 248 square miles . Discharge in SECONt>-FEET. Rijn-Off. Month. Maximum . Minimum., Mean. Per square mile. Depth in inches on Total in Drainage . acre -feet, area. Aueust (16-311 714 499 , 624 2.516 1.657 0 911 0 669 1.50 1.85 1 05 0.15 4 55 19.803 501 ' 298 411 296 156 226 175 1 160 166 24.456 13.898 November (1-61 1.978 60.131 Devil's Creek near Bankhead, Alta. This gauging station, located on the S.E. M Sec. 28, Tp. 26, Rge. 11, \V. 5th Mer., ami within 300 yards of Lake Minnewanka Chalet, was established June 18, 1910, by J. C. Keith. It is about eight miles north and east of Banff. . . u i The gauge is a plain staff, graduated to feet and hundredths, placed at the right bank. The zero (elev., 95.82) is referred to a permanent iron bench-mark (assumed elev., 100.00), situated forty feet east of the gauge. . The channel is straight for about 100 feet above and 300 feet below the station. Both banks are low, swampy and covered with timber and brush. The streani-bed is of soft mud and very uneven, Several hundred yards downstream is an old dam which raises the w^ater- BOW RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN 49 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d level about three feet above normal. Consequently the water at the station is deep and sluggish, being apparently dead at ordinary' stages of the creek. On this account all discharge measure- ments are made at the traffic bridge, close to the mouth of the creek on the trail from Banff. The creek here Bows in a narrow channel over a rough rocky bed and between high rocky banks. The initial point for soundings is painted on the downstream guard-rail on a line with the inner face of the left abutment. During 1911, the gauge was read daily by Commander Way, R.N'., proprietor of the Lake Minnewanks Chalet, until October 31, and after that by Andrew Roper. Discharge Measurements of Devils Creek, near Bankhead, Alta., in 1911. Hydrographer. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Dischbrge. Jan. 27... Feb. 14... Mar. 7... Mar. 24... June 17. July 15. Aug. 16 Sept. 1 . Sept. 19. Oct. 16. Nov. 6 . Nov. 23 Dec. 8. Dec. 22. Dec. 27. H. R. Carscallen- do do do .Apr. 26 H. May 10. C. Ritchie, do June 2 B.Russell. do do H. Brown . . - . do do V. A. Newhall . do do do do do Feel. 24 2i 24 24 24 2i 24 24 25 25 25 25 25 24 24 24 22 20.5 Sq. ft. 26 9 24 4 22 2 19 4 20.1 22.2 35.8 55.0 49.4 50 4 46 6 46.5 40.1 33 4 30. 28. 20. Ft. per sec. 2.41 I 1.59 1.S5 t 1 76 1.93 2 10 3.15 4 33 4.13 4.20 3.84 3 64 3 05 2 78 2 38 2.37 1.76 1.77 Feet. 1.11 1.07 1.01 0 94 1.03 1.15 1.53 1.96 1.87 1.88 1.79 1.78 1.56 1 42 1 '26 1.26 1.22 1.27 Sec.-ft. 64.9 38.8 41.0 34 2 38.9 46.5 112.9 238.4 204.0 211.8 179.0 171.1 122.1 92.9 73 3 67.7 36.0 38.8 Daily Gauge-Height and Discharge of Devil's Creek, near Bankhead, for 1911 D.iy. Januan'- Gauge Dis- Height. charge February. Gauge Dis- Height. charge. April. May. June. Gauge Dis- Gauge | Dis- ' Gauge Dis- i Gauge Dis- Height. charge. Height, charge . Height, charge. Height, charge. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8, 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Feet. 1.02 0.96 0.91 0.S8 0.88 0 91 0 93 0.92 0 91 0.97 1 01 1 06 1 09 1.08 1 1.10, 1.11 1.11 1 10 1 1.10 1.12 1.16 1.18 1.17 1.17 1.10 1.10 1.12 1.20 1.15 1.15 1.13 Sec.-ft. 49 45 42 40 40 42 44 44 43 47 50 55 58 57 59 61 61 60 60 62 67 69 68 68 62 63 65 72 65 64 Fat. 1.13 1.12 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.08 1.08 1.06 1.08 1.07 1.08 1.07 1.07 1.08 1.08 1.08 1.06 1.09 1.08 1.07 1.09 1.07 1.10 1.07 Sec-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. 60 1 09 44 56 1.06 43 36 1.07 43 33 1.05 43 33 1.16 44 53 1.02 41 50 1.03 42 49 1.05 43 49 1.05 43 44 1.00 39 43 1.00 39 41 1.00 39 40 1.00 39 39 1.02 40 40 1.00 39 39 1.00 39 40 0.96 37 40 0.95 36 41 1.00 38 41 0.96 36 40 0.96 36 42 0.95 35 41 0.97 36 42 1.00 37 43 1.00 37 42 0.90 32 44 0 60 21 43 0.50 19 0.80 28 1.00 37 .... 1.02 38 Feet. 1.02 1 02 1.01 1.02 1.-03 1.02 1.01 1.00 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.00 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.05 1.04 1.05 1.05 Sec-JI. Feel. Sec.-ft. Feel. 38 1.06 41 1.45 38 1.06 41 1.54 38 1.07 41 1.66 38 1.07 41 1.66 39 1.07 41 1.67 38 1.10 43 1.68 38 1.10 43 1.70 37 1.11 44 ],.68 38 1.09 42 1.66 38 1.10 43 1.68 38 1.12 47 1.71 38 1.14 49 1.77 38 1.18 52 1.86 38 1.20 55 1.92 37 1.20 36 1.96 28 1.23 59 1.99 32 1.24 61 1.99 37 1.23 61 1.99 37 1.25 65 2.01 37 1.24 65 1.99 37 1.24 66 1.98 37 1.25 67 1.97 38 1.33 76 1.97 37 1.32 76 2.06 37 1.33 78 2.07 38 1.34 80 2.06 40 1.33 80 2.06 39 1.34 81 2.08 40 1.30 77 2.08 40 1.33 81 2.09 1.39 89 ! Sec.-ft. 93 116 144 144 146 149 134 149 144 149 1.57 174 201 223 238 251. 251 251 259 231 247 247 242 281 286 281 281 290 290 295 so STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 Daily Gauge-Height and Discharge of Devils Creek, near Bankhead, for lOll.^Con. July. August. September. October. November. December. Day. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dls. charge. 1 Feet. 2.02 2.00 2.01 1.99 1.99 1.98 1.98 1.97 1.93 1.91 1.89 1.88 1.88 1.87 1.85 1.83 1.83 1.83 1.82 1.79 1.79 1.79 1.78 1.78 1.77 1.73 1.71 1.71 1.69 1.69 1.68 Sec.-fl. 264 255 259 251 251 247 247 242 226 219 211 208 208 204 197 191 191 191 188 179 179 179 176 176 174 162 157 157 151 151 149 Feel. 1.70 1 72 1.75 1.78 1.79 1.83 1.88 1.90 1.92 1.93 1 90 l.SS 1.90 1.89 1.91 1.89 1.87 1.88 1.89 1.88 1.87 1.89 1.86 1.84 1.88 1.89 1.87 1 .85 1.80 1.79 1.78 Sec.-fl. 154 160 168 176 179 191 208 215 223 226 215 208 215 211 219 211 204 208 211 208 204 211 201 194 208 211 204 197 182 179 176 Feel. 1.79 1.77 1.80 1.88 1.90 1.89 1.88 1.88 1.88 1.86 1.86 1.85 1.81 1.80 1.80 1.78 1.78 1.78 1.78 1.78 1.78 1.77 1.77 1.73 1.70 1.69 1.69 1.68 1 66 1.67 Sec.-fl. 179 174 1S2 208 215 211 208 208 208 201 201 197 185 182 182 176 176 176 176 176 176 174 174 162 154 151 151 149 144 146 Feet. 1.68 1.68 1.66 1.65 1.61 1 61 1.61 1.60 1.60 1.61 1.59 1.59 1,59 1.57 1.55 1.56 1.54 1.55 1.55 1.54 1.53 1.54 1.54 1.52 1.52 1.50 1 50 1.47 1.47 1.47 1.47 Sec.-fl. 149 149 144 141 131 131 131 129 129 131 127 127 127 122 118 120 116 118 118 110 114 116 116 112 112 108 108 102 102 102 102 Feel. 1.47 1.46 1.45 1 46 1.46 1.45 1.45 1.47 1.47 1.45 1.42 1.40 1.39 1.40 1.35 1,37 1,36 1,39 1.39 tl.39 1 .36 1,35 1 30 1.33 1.33 1.36 1.38 1.37 1.38 1.29 Sec.-fl. 102 100 98 100 100 98 98 102 102 98 93 90 89 90 83 86 84 89 89 89 84 83 77 81 81 84 86 84 85 74 Feel. 1.31 1.33 1 33 1.29 1.31 1.21 1.34 1.28 1 29 1.26 1.25 1.29 1.22 1.25 1.11 1.25 1.22 1.21 1.22 1.10 1.08 1.22 1.22 1.28 1.28 1.28 1.27 1.22 1.21 1.21 tl.21 Sec.-ft. 76 2 78 3 78 4 73 5 74 6 64 7 . 76 8 69 9 .. . 69 10 64 11 61 12 63 13 54 14. . 54 15 42 16 17 SO 46 18 43 19 .. 42 20 34 21 31 36 23 36 40 25 40 26 40 39 28 36 36 30 36 31 36 t No observation, gauge heiglit interpolated. Monthly Discharge of Devil's Creek near Bankhead, Ai.ta., for 1911. (Drainage area, 58 square miles). Discharge i.v Second-Feet. Run-Off. MON'TH. Maximum . Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. Depth in inches on Drainage area. Total in acre-feet. 72 60 44 40 89 295 264 226 215 149 102 78 40 39 19 28 41 98 149 154 144 102 74 31 56.2 45 2 37 5 37 4 59.4 213 201 199 180 122 90.0 52.1 0.969 0.779 0.647 0.645 1.024 3.672 3 466 3.431 3.103 2.103 1.551 0.898 1.12 0.81 0 75 0.72 1.18 4.;o 4 00 3.96 3 46 2.42 1.73 1.04 25.29 3,456 2.510 March -. 2.306 2,226 May .' 3,652 12.674 July 12, .359 12,236 10,711 7,501 November December 5,355 3,204 78,190 BOW RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN 51 SESSIONAL PAPEK No. 25d Kananaskis River near Kananaskis, Alta. This station was established August 31, 1911, by P. M. Sauder. It is located on the X.W. J^ Sec. 33, Tp. 24, Rge. 8, W. 5th ^ler. The station is about three miles east of Kananaskis station and about one and a half miles west of Horseshoe Falls siding, about 350 yards north and east of the C. P. R. bridge spanning the river and about 200 feet above the mouth of the stream. The channel is straight for 400 feet above and 50 feet below the station. Both banks are high; the right bank is composed of rock and the left of coarse gravel. The bed of the stream is solid rock near the right bank and coarse gravel throughout the remainder of the cross-section. The current is very swift. Discharge measurements are made from a car suspended from a cable, a current meter being used for velocity observations. The initial point for soundings is a spike driven in the upstream side of the cable support on the left bank and distances are marked at every five feet by a tagged wire. The gauge, which is of the standard chain type, is supported by two posts in the right bank, about eight feet upstream from the cable. It is referred to a bench-mark on a stump six feet upstream, elevation 15.09. The gauge was read once each day by the Calgary Power Co., the observations being taken by J. Gipson for the company. Discharge Measurements of Kananaskis River near Kananaskis, Alta., for 1911. Date. Hydrogiapher. Width. r 1 Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. Feb. Mar. 11 4 22 6 16 13 29 11 H H V. R. Carsrallen do Feet. 35 32 32 63.5 62.1 60.5 55 Sq. ft. 66 8 58.4 1 56.1 1 178.6 143.5 101 3 74 0 90.7 Ft. per sec. 1.97 1.87 2.19 5 68 5.04 3.77 2.88 2.38 Feet. 7.63 6 46 5.76 5.62 5.62 Sec.-fl. 131.7 109 4 Mar. do 122 8 Sept. Brown do 1.014.7 724 0 Oct. Nov. A. Newhall do 371 9 212 1 Dec. do . .; 59 215 9 ! 52 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 Daily Gauge-height and Discharge of Kananaskis River, near Kananaskis, Alta., for 1911. September. October. November. December. Day. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height . Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feel. 6.73 6.72 6.74 7.34 7.10 7.00 6.88 6 76 6 71 6.63 6.61 6.58 6.54 6.53 6.48 6.43 6.36 6.30 6.30 6.23 6.15 6.17 6.12 6.08 6.05 6.01 5.99 5.98 5.90 5.88 SK.-ft. 800 855 865 116S 1047 996 936 875 850 809 799 784 764 759 733 70S 673 642 642 607 566 577 551 531 516 496 485 480 440 430 Ftel. 5.83 5.85 5.81 5 80 S.76 5.75 5.71 5 69 5 71) 5.68 5.67 5.66 5.65 5 66 5 64 5 63 5 64 5 62 5 61 5.59 5.58 5.57 5.56 5,55 5.54 5.52 5.51 5 45 5.44 5.43 5.40 Sec.-ft. 404 415 394 389 369 364 344 334 339 329 324 318 313 318 308 203 308 298 293 283 278 273 268 263 258 248 243 212 207 202 187 Feel. 5.37 5 40 5 38 5 35 5 34 5.36 5.38 5 30 5.25 5.25 5.25 S«.-/(. 172 187 177 162 157 167 177 136 111 111 111 Feet. Sec.-Jl 2 5.16 5.15 5 14 5.15 5.16 5.13 5.12 5 10 5.11 3 ■ ■ 4 5 6 7... 8 9.. . 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 5.25 5.35 5.35 5.33 5.31 5.30 5.29 5.28 5.26 5.26 5.20 5.18 5.17 5.15 5.14 18 '. 19 20 21 22 23 24 -. 25 5.24 5.27 5.28 26 27 29 30 31 Note. — Stream frozen over on Nov. 12, observer did not read the gauge from Nov. 12 to 24, Nov. 29 to Dec. 1. and Dec. 11 to 15. The gauge height readings from Nov. 2r» to end of year are of little value. It was difficult to read the gauge and the observer did not cut a large enough hole. His readings do not agree with those of the hydrographer. As the observer was away from home at the time of the visit of the hydrographer it was not until after the end of the year that he was shown the correct method of making obser\'ations. Monthly Discharge of Kananaskis River near Kananaskis, Alta., for 1911. (Drainage area. 406 square miles.) Month. Discharge in Second-Feet. Run-Off. Maximum . Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. Depth in | inches on Drainage 1 area. Total in acre-feet. September 1,168 430 415 1S7 187 111 715 300 l.")2 1 .^Ol 0 739 0.374 1.96 0.85 0.15 2.96 i 42,545 18.446 November (1-11) 3.316 64.307 BOW RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN 53 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Bow River near Morley, Alta. This station was established May 25, 1910, by J. C. Keith. It is located at the traffic bridge in Sec. 22, Tp. 25, Rge. 7, VV. 5th Mer., in the Stony Indian reserve, a short distance from the Indian agency and about three quarters of a mile from the village of Morley. The channel is straight for about 600 feet above the station, then curves slightly to the right, but is almost straight for more than half a mile. It is straight for about 500 feet below the station, then curves sharply to the left. The right bank is low and partly covered with brush, but is not liable to'overllow. The left bank is high, steep, gravelly and free from brush. The bed of the stream is composed of sand and gravel. The current is swift but smooth. Discharge measurements are made from the downstream side of the bridge, which is a two-span steel structure supported by concrete abutments and pier, with a short wooden approach on the south and supported by piles. The initial point for soundings is the anchor-bolt in the bed-plate on the north pier, and distances are marked at every five feet on the bottom chord of the bridge. The gauge, which is of the standard type, is fixed to the floor of the bridge near the centre pier. The length of chain from the bottom of the weight to the marker is 19.17 feet. The zero is referred to bench-marks as follows: — (1) wooden block nailed to the downstream pile in the first row supporting the approach on the left bank (elevation, 12.09); (2) the top of a nut on a bolt in the pile nearest to the south abutment (elevation, 8. 58). During 1911 the gauge was read from Januarv- 1 to October 14 by S. Christianson, and from October 15 to the end of the year by VV. B. Steinhauer. Since the Calgary* Power and Transmission Company have been operating their plant at the Horseshoe Falls which is only about eight miles upstream, the water surface has fluctuated a great deal and the records have not been satisfactory. This station, was, therefore, aban- doned at the end of 1911, and since then observations hav'e been made at the C. P. R. bridge near Kananaskis, which is above the falls and the power plant. Discharge Measurements of Bow River near Morley, Alta., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Jan. 21 Feb. 10 Mar. 3 Mar. 21 Apr. 5 Apr. 2.5 May 9 May 30 June 14 July 12 Aug. 14 Sept. 23 Oct. 12 Nov. 17 Nov. 27 Dec. 14 H. R. Carscalle'n do do do H. C. Ritchie . . . do do B. Russell do do H. Brown do V. A. N'ewhall... do do do Width 143 89 114 114 107 162.5 179 196 5 241.2 217.5 198. 4 198 174.4 174.6 177.6 187.6 Area of Section. Sg. ft. 328.1 302.5 369.5 412.0 406.6 668.1 866.3 865.9 1,748 1.350 1.200 932.1 804.3 915.5 952.8 -841.8 Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. Ft. per sec. \ Feet. 2.06 2.22 1.66 1.77 1.80 1.41 2 53 2.74 7.07 5.71 4.94 2.95 2.26 1.50 0.85 1.30 2.83 2.95 2.85 2.53 0.80 0.89 1.85 2.04 6.08 4.42 3.69 2.26 1.73 3 50 3.24 2.74 Sec.-jt. 675 .Of 671.. 3t 613. Sx 730. 6x 733. 2t 941.6 2.190 2,377 12.375' 7.702 5.930 2.746 1.821 1.374* 807. 2* 1.091»» t Stream frozen over, conditions bad. results approximate. X Stream frozen over. X Stream partly frozen over, results may be slightly inaccurate. * May be slight error due to inaccuracy of soundings. * Large amount of slush ice. results only appro.ximate. •* Large amount of slush ice. Compared with the records at Banff and Calgary the discharge appears to be too high. 54 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 Daily Gauge-height and Discharge of Bow River near Morley, Alta., for 1911. January. February. March. April. May. June. D.\Y. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Dis- Height. charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feel. 1.85 2.30 t2.40 t2.45 t2.50 2.60 t2.60 2.60 2.15 1.95 2.15 2.25 2.45 2.50 2.70 2.75 2.95 2.95 2.80 2.85 2.80 2.85 2.80 2.70 2.70 2.60 2.55 2 65 2.75 2.70 2.75 See.-ft. . .. . 654 680 646 590 586 536 512 534 698 570 592 Feel. 2.75 2.75 2.80 2.75 2.85 2.85 2.90 2.83 2.90 2.90 2.95 3.00 2.93 2.90 2.85 2.75 2.80 2.85 2.80 2.80 2.75 2.85 2.85 2.83 2.85 2.80 2.85 2.80 Sec.-ft. 590 586 610 582 630 626 652 620 646 642 672 704 672 642 614 564 588 614 588 588 564 614 614 604 614 588 614 588 Feel. 2.85 2.85 2.83 2.75 2.80 2.75 2.85 2.80 2.80 2.70 2 65 2 60 2.60 2.55 2.65 2.60 2.60 2.63 2.60 2.56 2.55 2 50 2.47 2.30 2.25 2.13 2.07 1.05 0.85 0.80 0.76 Sec-ft. 614 614 604 564 588 564 614 588 588 564 562 560 580 576 652 648 672 720 724 726 746 790 856 814 862 878 904 920 766 732 708 Feet. 0.74 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.76 0.88 0.63 0.68 0.75 0.72 0.70 0.65 *0.35 0.65 0.70 0.68 0.70 0.74 0.70 0.75 0.80 •0 35 0.90 1.22 0.9S tl.06 1.13 1.10 1.17 1.12 Sec-ft. 694 670 670 670 708 808 674 708 76S 768 774 755 340 755 790 776 790 822 790 830 870 340 950 1,262 1,022 1,100 1.190 1.140 1,210 1,160 Feel. 1.20 1.27 1.36 1.40 1.60 1.90 1.80 1.80 1.82 1.80 1.75 1.80 1.85 1.80 1.75 1.95 2.10 2.20 2.18 2.25 2.27 2.26 2.37 2.27 2.17 2.10 2.05 1.95 1.98 2.06 2.60 Sec.-ft. 1,240 1,317 1,422 1.470 1,720 2,160 2.010 2,010 2,040 2,010 1,935 2,010 2,085 2,010 1,935 2,240 2,480 2,640 2,608 2,725 2,759 2,742 2.943 2,759 2,592 2,480 2.400 2.240 2.288 2.416 3,400 Feel. 3.35 4.40 4.80 4.90 t4.62 4.35 4.05 3 95 3.85 3.90 4.40 5.15 5.80 6.10 6.20 6.15 6 10 6.05 6.00 8.75 5,65 5.75 6.20 6.35 6.45 6.05 5 65 5.60 5.55 5.55 Sec.-ft. 5.040 2 7.700 3 8,740 4 9,000 S 8,272 6 7,570 7 6.790 8 6,530 9 6,275 10 6.400 11 7,700 12 9,690 13 11,550 14 12,460 IS 12,770 16 12,615 17 12,460 18 12,305 19 12,150 20 11.405 21 11,115 11,405 23 12,770 13,235 25 13,545 26 12,.305 11.115 28 10.970 10.825 30 10.825 31 Plate No. U. Gauging Station on Ghost River at Gillie's Ranche in Winter. Taken by V. A. Newhall. Plate Xo. 15. Winter Gauging cf Southfork River near Cowley, Alta. Taken by P. M. Sauder. BOW RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN 55 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Daily Gauge-height and Discharge of Bow River near Morley, Alta., for 1911. — Con. Day. 1. 2. 3. 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23, 24 25 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. July. Gauge Height. Feel. 5.50 5.55 5.40 5.20 t4.95 4.70 4.90 5.00 4.75 4.55 4.40 4.40 4.25 4.30 4.35 4.55 4.80 4.70 t4.47 4.25 4.18 4.22 4.25 4.15 4.15 4.35 4.30 4.15 4.05 3 95 3.80 Dis- August. Gauge charge . ' Height Sec.-fl. 10,680 10.825 10.390 9.830 9.135 8.480 9.000 9.270 8,610 8,090 7.700 7.700 7.310 7,440 7,570 8,090 8.740 8,480 7,882 7.310 7.128 7,232 7.310 7,050 7.050 7.570 7.440 7.050 6.790 6.530 6.150 Feet. 3.86 t3.90 3 95 4 00 4.05 4.15 4.25 4 30 4.15 4.03 t3.91 3.80 3 70 3.65 3.60 3 60 t3 54 t3.47 3 40 3.43 3.45 3.40 3.35 t3.27 3.20 t3.50 3 80 3 05 3 03 2 93 t2.99 Dis- charge. Sec.-fl. 6.300 6,400 6.530 6.660 6.790 7.050 7.310 7.440 7.050 6.738 6.426 6.150 5.900 5.775 5.650 5.650 5.500 5,328 5.160 5,232 5,280 5.160 5.040 4.851 4.690 5.400 6.150 4.345 4.299 4.076 4.208 September. Gauge Height. Feel. t3.05 3.10 3 15 3.40 3.30 t3.21 3 12 3 00 2.95 3.20 2.75 2.75 2 70 2 70 2.65 2.60 2.55 2 50 2.45 2 35 2.30 2 10 2 05 2 00 2 00 1,95 Dis- charge Sec.-fl. 4.345 4,460 4.575 5,160 4,920 4,713 4.506 4.230 4.120 4.690 3.700 3.700 3.600 3,600 3,500 3,400 3,300 3.200 3.100 2.905 2.810 2.810 2,759 2,608 2,560 2.480 2,400 2.320 2,320 2,240 October. Gauge Height. Feel. 1.95 1.97 1 95 1.90 1.85 1.80 1.70 1.78 1 70 1.56 1.65 1.70 tl.70 1 70 1.69 1.77 1.69 1.68 1.66 1.59 1.69 1.68 1,71 tl,70 1.69 1.59 1,48 tl.42 + 1 36 1 30 1.39 Dis- charge Sec.-fl. 2,240 2.272 2,240 2,160 2,085 2,010 1,860 1,980 1.860 1,668 1,790 1,860 1,860 1,860 1,846 1,965 1,846 1,832 1,804 1,707 1,846 1,832 1,875 1,860 1,846 1,707 1,566 1,494 1,422 1.3.50 1,458 November, Gauge Height. Feel. 1.48 tl.48 tl.48 1.48 1.35 1.61 1.45 1.53 1.73 3.05 3.03 3.24 3.28 3.25 t3,56 3.88 3.98 3.99 3.96 4.02 t3 83 t3.63 t3.44 3.24 3.07 3.13 3.07 Dis- charge Sec.-fl. 566 .566 566 566 410 734 530 629 807 724 800 798 December. Gauge Height Dis- charge. Feel. Sec.-fl. 3.30 3.26 3.31 3.19 3.26 3,14 3 03 3.10 3 31 3.03 2.82 2.85 2.75 2.74 2.73 2 74 2.68 2.27 2.32 2.74 2.69 2 63 2.73 2.76 2.62 2.69 2.74 2 72 2 69 2 68 2.74 During January, February, March and November. Daily discharges for these months are only approximate, t No obser\'ation, gauge height interpolated. * Negative gauge height. Low water caused by Calgary Power and Transmission Co. holding back the water. Note — Data insufficient to compute the daily discharge from Jan. I to 20. Nov. 9 to 26 and Dec. 1 to 31. Ice conditions. Monthly Discharge of Bo\y River near Morley, Alta., for 1911. (Drainage area, 2111 square miles.) Discharge in Secont>-Feet. Run-Off. Month. Maximum . Minimum, Mean. Per square mile. Depth in inches on Drainage area. Total in acre-feet. January (21-31) 680 704 920 1,262 3,400 13.545 10.825 7.440 5.160 2.272 1,734 512 564 560 340 1.240 5.040 6.150 4,076 2,240 1.3.50 724 593 615 687 827 2,229 10,184 8.0.59 5.759 3.501 1,840 1,308 0.281 0.291 0.325 0,392 1.06 4.82 3.82 2.73 1.66 0.872 0.620 0.11 0.30 0.37 0.44 1 22 5.38 4 40 3.15 1.85 1.00 0,28 18.50 February 34455 49 242 March April , May 49.210 137.058 605.990 4Q5 59Q June July August 354,108 208,324 113,140 31,133 September October November (1-8 27-30) The period 2,083.827 56 STREAM MEA.SUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 Ghost River .xt Gillies' Ranche, Alta. This station was established on August 17, 1911, by L. R. Brcrcton. It is located on the N. E. ]4 Sec. 23, Tp. 26, Rge. 6, W. 5th Mer., about one quarter of a mile below Gillies' ranche buildings. The gauge is a plain staff, graduated to feet and hundredths, nailed to a post sunk in the bed of the stream at the left bank. The zero of the gauge (elev., 90.87) is referred to a per- manent iron bench-mark (assumed elcv., 100.00) situated on the right bank of the river 270 feet due north of the quarter mound on the east boundary of Sec. 23, Tp. 26, Rge. 6, W. 5th Mer., and 469 feet east and slightly south of the gauge. Discharge measurements are made from the downstream side of a traffic bridge on the S.E. '4 Sec. 13, Tp. 26, Rge. 6, W. 5th Mer., about 100 yards from the" mouth of the river. The initial point for soundings is the stream face of the west, or right, abutment of the bridge. During very low stages of the stream it can be waded and discharge measurements are then made by wad- ing near the gauge The channel at the bridge is straight for about 150 feet above and below the station. The right bank is high and composed of solid rock, and cannot overflow. The left is low, composed of gravel, slightly covered with trees,, but is not liable to overflow. The bed of the stream is composed of coarse gravel and may shift in high stages. During 1911 the gauge was read by Miss E. Gillies. Discharge Measurements of Ghost River at Gillies' Ranche, Alta., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of . Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. May 3 June 9 H r Ritchie Feet. 58.0 67,0 89,0 91,0 70,0 68.0 ,52 5 48 0 51.0 Sq. ft. 81.2 155 5 104,4 193,1 143.4 124.4 68.5 75.3 71.6 Ft. per sec. 1.60 1.97 2.79 3.97 2.80 2.46 2.92 2.94 2.68 Feet. 2.46 1.95 1,72 1 30 * * Sec.-ft. 130.0 R. T. Sailman L. R. Brereton do 305 9 457,9 Aug. 18 768.0 do 401.1 Oct 20 do 305.6 Nov. \) V. A. Newhall do 200.0 Nov 2S 221 Bt do 192 It * No gauge. t Gauging made near the site of gauge. Ice conditions but the probable error small. BOW RIVER DRAISAGE BASIS' 57 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Daily Gauge-height and Discharge of Ghost River at Gillies' Raxche, Alta., for 1911. August. September. October. November. Day. Gauee Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Dis- Height charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Feet. Sec.-ft. Feel. 2 11 2 06 2.43 3.03 2 60 2 55 2.31 2.26 2 16 2.15 2.13 2.07 2.06 2.00 1.99 2.00 2.00 1.95 1 95 1.93 1 93 1 94 1.90 1.89 1.90 1 94 1 96 1.93 1.89 1.86 Sec.-fl. 498 465 740 1235 879 838 644 606 532 525 511 472 465 429 423 429 429 401 401 391 391 396 377 373 377 396 407 391 373 359 Feet. 1.83 1.86 1.86 1.85 1.84 1.77 1.77 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.78 Sec-fl. 353 359 359 355 351 324 324 335 335 335 335 328 Feet. 1.44 1.44 1.49 1.52 1 45 1.44 1.45 1.34 1 25 1.25 1.25 Sec.-ft. 228 228 q 240 247 230 g ~ 228 2.30 207 9 191 191 \\ 191 1.70 300 1.69 1.69 1 67 1.60 1.57 1.55 1.56 1.56 1.56 1.36 1.36 1.56 1.56 1.45 1.44 1.44 1.44 1.45 297 297 290 269 261 255 258 258 258 258 258 258 258 230 228 228 228 230 1.55 1.55 1.45 1.47 1.66 1.66 1.62 15 17 2.36 2.44 2 44 2 36 2 46 2 67 2 52 2 33 2.89 2.67 2.45 2.37 2 31 2 20 2.16 846 748 748 846 764 936 813 639 1118 936 756 691 644 561 532 18 19 .. 20 21 22 24 » 27 , 29 31 1 Note. — On Nov. 12, the river was frozen to the bottom of the gauge and the height of water could not be read. A thaw on Nov. 14 caused the watef to overflow the ice and on Nov. 20 the gauge was earned out by the ice which broke up. Satisfactori* arrangements regarding remuneration could not be made and no nhfi^rv^itinnsi wprp thpr*»fnr»» rpnnrt*»r1 affpr Mriir 91 TSjr^t eiiffii.if.nf Hafa trt romnute dailv discharee from Nov. observations were therefore reported after Nov. 21 14 to 20. Not sufficient data to compute daily discharge from Nov. Monthly Discharge of Ghost River at Gillies' Ranche, .^lta., for 1911. (Dminage area. 367 square miles.^ Discharge in Second-Feet. Rim-Off. Month. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. Depth in inches on Drainage area. Total in acre-feet. August (17-31). . 1 118 532 359 228 191 773 505 291 219 2.106 1.376 0 793 0 597 1.18 1.54 0 91 0 24 3.87 22.998 1235 30.050 October November (1-11) ' 359 1 247 17.893 4.778 The period 75,719 JuMPiNGPOusD Creek ne.\r Jumping Pound, .\lta. This station was established in 1906 by J. F. Hamilton. It is located at a traffic bridge on a road diversion on the S. E. J^4 Sec. 30, Tp. 24, Rge. 4, \V. 5th Mer., and about 300 yards from Jumping Pound P. O., The channel is straight for about 600 feet above and 500 feet below the station. The current is sluggish at and above the station, but breaks into rapids about 150 feet below the station. The right bank is composed of gravel and boulders, covered with clay, and is not liable to over- 58 STREAM .MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 flow. The left bank is similar, but not so high, and is liable to overflow in excessive flood?. The bed of the stream is composed of coarse gravel and boulders. It is rough and may shift in flood stages. The stream is divided into several channels during its higher stages by a pier and pile bents supporting the bridge. At low-water stage of the stream discharge measurements are made at wading sections, either above or below the bridge. During higher stages of the stream, discharge measurements are made from the downstream side of the bridge. The initial point for soundings is the west side of the right abutment. Distances are marked on the railing of the bridge, at every five feet from the initial point. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is attached vertically to the downstream face of the first pile bent west of the main truss of the bridge. The zero (elev., 89.84) is referred to a permanent iron bench-mark (assumed elev., 100.00) situated about thirty feet northeast of the east end of the bridge. The gauge was read during 1911 by John Bateman, the postmaster at Jumping Pound. Discharge Measurements of Jumpingpound Creek at Jumping Pound, Alta., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section Mean 1 Gauge Discbarge. Velocity, j Height. May 2 H. C. Ritchie Fell. 77 Sq.ft. 16S 3 215.7 209.2 268.5 208. 6 169.7 Ft. per sec. ; Feet. Sec.-fl. 0 21 2.02 35 2 June 8 R. T Sailman 99.8 98 109 98 75 0 83 2 56 178 2 July 12 L. R. Brereton 0.62 1 2.39 i 130 6 Aug. 16 do 1.30 1 2.92 350.7 Sept. 14 do 0 66 2.44 137 9 Oct. 19 do 0.36 1 2.23 60.2 Daily Gauge-height and Discharge of Jumpingpound Creek at Jumping Pound, Alta., for 1911. May. June. July. August. September. October. Day. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge, Gauge Height. Dis- charge, Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Dis- Height. charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1... . Feet. t2 02 2.02 t2.02 2.02 2.02 2.02 2.02 2.02 2.02 2.02 2.02 2.02 2.03 2.30 2.40 3,00 2.90 2,70 2,60 2,50 2,40 2,50 2.40 2.40 2.40 2.50 2.50 2.40 2.50 2.90 3.00 Sec.-ft. 30.8 30.8 30.8 30.8 30.8 30 8 30.8 30.8 30.8 30.8 30.8 30,8 32,2 90 123 392 341 246 201 160 123 160 123 123 123 160 160 123 160 341 392 Feet. 3. 30 3 20 3,00 2,80 2,60 2,60 2,60 2,56 2,49 2 49 2 49 2 48 2,48 2,47 2,47 2,45 2,44 2,42 2,40 2,30 2 21 2,15 2 15 2,55 2.91 2.70 2,65 2,95 2,95 2,99 Sec.-ft. 548 496 392 292 201 201 201 184 156 156 156 152 152 149 149 141 137 130 123 90 65,6 52 52 180 346 246 223 366 366 387 Feet. 2,98 2,99 2,81 2,80 2.75 2,65 2,60 2,55 2,51 2,50 2,50 2,39 2,35 2 30 2,30 2,28 2,25 2 25 2,24 2 24 2 24 3,30 3 25 3,00 2,78 2,75 2 65 2,56 2 45 2 39 2.35 Sec.-ft. 382 387 297 292 269 223 201 ISO 164 160 160 120 106 - 90 90 84,4 76 76 73,4 73,4 73.4 548 522 392 283 269 223 184 141 120 106 %et. 2.35 2.53 2.65 2. 70 2.75 2.75 4.35 4.50 4.00 3.50 3.25 3.00 2.95 2.85 3.01 2.92 2.85 2.73 2.70 2.60 2.70 2.70 2.65 2.60 2.73 2.73 2.70 2.68 2.62 2.60 2..S8 Sec.-ft. 106 172 223 246 269 269 1,116 1,200 921 652 522 392 366 316 397 351 316 260 246 201 246 246 223 201 260 260 246 237 210 201 193 Feet. 2 56 2 54 2 95 2 95 2 90 2.82 2.72 2,70 2 63 2,63 2,55 2,55 2 50 2 45 2,42 2 40 2.38 2 37 2,36 2 36 2,38 2,40 2 46 2,48 2,49 2,50 2 50 2,52 2 49 2,47 Sec.-ft. 184 176 366 366 341 302 255 246 214 214 180 180 160 141 130 123 116 113 109 109 116 123 145 152 156 160 160 168 156 149 Feet. 2.47 2 49 2 49 2.48 2.49 2,45 2,43 2,39 2 37 2,36 2 33 2 32 2,30 2 29 2.30 2.29 2.28 2,29 2.23 Sec-fl. 149 2 156 3... 156 4 152 5 156 6 141 7 134 8 120 9 113 10 109 11 100 12 96,4 13 90 14 87,2 15 90 16 87,2 17 84.4 18 87,2 19 70,8 20 . . 21 22.... 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 t t No observations, gauge height interpolated. BOW RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN 59 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Monthly Discharge of Jumpingpouxd Creek near Jimping Pound, Alta., for 1911. (Drainage area. 187 square miles.) Discharge in Second-Feet. Run-Off. Month. Maximum. Minimum - Mean. Per square mile. Depth in inches on Drainage area. Total in acre-feet. 392 548 548 1.200 366 156 30 8 52.0 73 4 106 0 109 0 70 8 127 0 679 216 1 155 205 1 096 357 1909 184 0 984 115 0 615 0 78 1 29 1.26 2 20 1 10 0 43 7.06 7.809 June July August September October (l-19j. 12.853 12.605 21.951 10.949 4.334 70 501 Bow River at Calgarv, Alta. The old station established, May 5, 1908, by P. M. Sauder at the Gushing traffic bridge on the S. E. J4 Sec. 12, Tp. 24, Rge. 1, W. 5th Mer., was not satisfactory'. A new gauging station, was, therefore, established on November 25, 1910, by H. R. Carscallen. It is located at the Langevin traffic bridge, on Fourth Street east, in the X. E. }4, Sec. 15, Tp. 24, Rge. 1, \V. 5th Mer. As the cross-section at the Langevin bridge was affected by some old bridge piers, a plain staff gauge was at first fixed to a breakwater several hundred feet upstream from the bridge, but on November 14, 1911, a chain gauge was established on Langevin bridge and the observations have been made with it since that date. The river flows in one channel at all stages. It is almost straight for about half a mile above and one quarter of a mile below the station. Both banks are low but are not liable to overflow. The bed of the stream is composed of coarse gravel, and may shift in flood stages of the stream. Discharge measurements are made from the downstream side of the bridge, which is a two- span steel structure supported by concrete abutments and pier. The initial point for soundings is the south face of the left abutment. The gauge, which is the standard chain type, is fixed to the floor of the bridge at a point about the centre of the downstream side of the north span of the bridge. The length of the chain from the bottom of the weight to the marker is 22. 28 feet. The zero of the gauge is referred to the top of the downstream side of the centre pier of the bridge. The zero of the plain staff gauge on the breakwater (elev., 87.96) was referred to a permanent iron bench-mark (assumed elev., 100.00) situated at the intersection of Second and Third avenues east. During 1910, the gauge was read by Daniel Hall. During 1911 the gauge was read from January- 1 to May 17 by Daniel Hall, from May 21 to July 4 by James Lumley, from July 4 to December 9 by Andrew Brown, and from December 10 to the end of the year by William Peterson. No. 25d— 3 60 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, ion 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 Discharge Measurements of Bow River at Calgary, Alta., in 1910*-11. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. 1910 Nov. 25. Dec 13. Jan. 4. Feb. 3. Feb. 22. Mar. 11. Apr. 24.. May 8. May 15. May 26. June 19. July 6. Aug. 2S. Sept. 12. Sept. 26. Dec 7. Dec 22. H. R. Carecallen . do , Carscallen. do do do H. C. Ritchie . do do do June 9 B. Russell do do Aug. 12 H.Brown do do do Nov. 23 ' N. M. Sutherland. do do Feet. 170.6 244.8 212 212 212 284 290.5 290.5 294 307 320 315.8 312 293 298.8 295 242 293 277 Sq. fl. 491.8 738.4 311.4 2S6.3 370.6 755.4 901.4 881.1 964.8 1,428 1,962 1,808 1,658 1,451 1.295 1,194 795 4 851 7 795.3 Ft, per sec. 3.22 1.70 .02 88 .68 2.66 2.63 3.02 4.85 6.85 5.58 4 96 3.89 3. 38 2.79 1 .95 0.89 0 91 Feet. 1 71 1 67 1.S7 3.60 3.34 3.30 1.57 2 37 2 36 2 70 3.30 2.87 2.19 4 44 4 30 Sec.-fl. l,583tx l,302x 600. 8 »x 942.x 823. 4x 832.x 1.438 2.394 2,317 2.916 6.936 13.438 10,093 8,224 5,643 4,371 3,^30 1 551x 5,754. 7x 722. 9x * Other gaugings at the old gauging station in 1910 were published in the Second Annual Report. Data are Insufficient to compute daily discharges in November and December of 1910. t Gauging made at Centre St. bridge. * Gauging was made at traffic bridge on sec. 14 and the discharge of Elbow river was deducted to obtain the discharge of Bow river at the regular station. x Ice conditions. Daily Gauge-height and Discharge of Bow River at Calgary, .^lta., for 1910 December, Gauge Height. Dis- Gauge Dis- charge.! Height . charge . Feet. Sec.-fl. I Feet. , Sec.-ft. .:.... 1 1 . .. . ; ^ ^ •. 1,30 1.40 1,180 1.230 1 45 1.60 1.65 1.55 1.62 1.75 1.79 1.97 1.97 1.97 2.05 1.67 2.04 2.05 1.97 1.78 1.85 1.73 1.89 1.80 1.78 1 69 1.78 1.44 1.70 1.74 1.75 1.80 l.SO 1.64 1.97 1,270 1,380 1.410 1,310 1.350 1.450 1,470 1,620 1,600 1,580 1.660 1,300 1,590 1,560 1,470 1,240 1,250 1,130 1,190 1.100 1,050 970 980 810 880 860 820 810 770 700 760 Note, — Ice conditions during the whole period and daily discharges are therefore only approximate. BOW RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Dah-y Gauge-height and Discharge of Bow River at Calgary, Alta., for 1911. 61 January. Day. February. March. April. May. June. Gauge I Dis- Gauge I Dis- Gauge | Dis- Gauge | Dis- Gauge Dis- Gauge Height.; charge. Height.| charge.! Height, charge. Height.' charge.. Height.! charge. Height. Dis- charge. 1. 2. 3. 4. S. 6. 7., S.. 9.. 10. 11.. 12.. 13.. 14.. IS.. 16.. 17.. 18.. 19.. 20.. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. Feel. I Sec-ft. 1.83 1.70 1.42 I 1.90 I 2.38 2.87 ' 3.02 I 3.73 3.85 , 3.44 I 2.95 : 3-12 3.45 3.80 I 4.10 I 4.85 i 4.86 4.75 4.55 4.46 . 4.37 4.30 4.27 4.27 4.05 3.93 3.67 3.93 3.94 3.90 3.97 690 640 600 600 1,000 990 1,000 1,020 950 910 830 960 980 990 1.040 Feet. 3.74 3.65 3.57 3.73 3.67 3.68 3.66 3.67 3.67 3.65 3.65 3.70 3.63 3.55 3.54 3.50 3.37 3.45 3.43 3.24 3.43 3.35 3.42 3.24 3.44 3.44 3.45 3.43 Sec.-ft. Feet. 960 940 928 1.005 975 980 970 973 975 965 965 990 953 920 916 900 848 880 872 796 872 840 868 796 876 876 880 872 3.35 3.30 3.42 3.40 3.40 3.35 3.35 3.37 3.36 I 3.35 I 3.35 3.35 3.35 3.40 3.45 3.37 3.37 3.33 3.46 3.60 3.56 3.56 3.36 3.35 3.15 3.08 2.95 2.95 2.80 2.82. 2.70 Sec.-ft. 840 820 868 860 860 840 840 848 844 840 840 840 840 860 880 848 848 832 884 940 924 924 924 840 810 820 810 850 830 880 870 Feel. 2.64 2.47 2.57 2.44 2.45 2.67 2.75 2.57 2.70 2.73 2.05 1.87 2.07 1.67 1.70 1.76 1.88 1.15 1.56 2.33 1 73 1.70 1.66 1.68 1.67 Sec.-ft. 890 860 940 930 980 1.120 1.200 1,170 1,270 1.330 1,340 1,320 1.340 1,040 1,180 1,300 1,220 1,450 1.190 1.270 1.390 1.560 1.060 1.428 2.288 1.577 1.550 1,514 1.532 1.523 Feel. 1.64 1.70 1.83 1.84 1.98 2.25 2.33 2.35 2.37 2.34 2.27 2.24 2.34 2.37 2.37 2.40 2.97 2.94 2.90 2.85 2.85 3.00 3.05 2.97 2.90 2.77 2.69 2.63 2.59 2.82 3.00 Sec-ft. 1.496 1,550 1,670 1.680 a.836 2.170 2,288 2,320 2,352 2,304 2,198 2,150 2,304 2,352 2.352 2.400 3.534 3,468 3,380 3.270 3,270 3,600 3.720 , 3.534 1 3,380 3.094 1 2,920 i 2,840 2.722 I 3,204 3,600 Feet. 3.87 4.05 4.17 4.96 4.75 4.55 4.32 4.30 4.27 4.12 4.10 4.22 4.57 5.85 5.97 6.05 6.00 5.84 5.75 5.60 Sec.-ft. 5.970 6.600 7.032 10.144 9,240 8.450 7,576 7.500 7.392 6.852 6.780 7.212 8.526 14,290 14,890 15,300 15.040 14,240 13,800 13,320 5.52 i 13,180 5 47 13,150 5 77 14.340 6.10 15,740 6.25 16,460 6.05 5.56 5.47 5.47 5.49 15.840 14,080 13.330 13.330 13,430 62 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 Daily Gauge-height and Discharge of Bow River at Calgary, Alta., for 1911.— Con. July. August. September. October. November. December. D+Y. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge. I .. Feet. 5.55 5.45 5 40 5.30 5.06 4 74 4.77 5.05 4,95 4.75 4.85 4.54 4.42 4.40 4.58 4.53 4.60 4.65 4.67 4.57 4.52 4.53 4.55 4.45 4.40 4.46 4.55 4.40 4.25 4.23 4.15 Sec.-fl. 13.730 13.230 12,980 12.480 11,280 9.680 9,830 11,230 10,730 9.730 10.230 8,712 8,136 8.040 8,904 8,664 9,000 9,240 9.336 8,856 8,616 8,664 8,760 8,280 8,040 8,328 8,760 8,040 7,400 7.320 7,000 Feel. 4.15 4.16 4.18 4.37 4.45 4.45 5.05 5.83 4.97 4.73 4.55 4.45 4.30 4.25 4.23 4.20 4.15 4 00 4.00 3.97 3 95 3 95 3 90 3 85 3.85 3.90 3.85 3.75 3.70 3 63 3.70 Sec.-fl. 7.000 7.040 7,120 7.908 8,280 8,280 11,230 15,130 10.830 9,630 8.760 8.2,S0 7.600 7.400 7,320 7,200 7,000 6,420 6.420 6,312 6,240 6.240 6.080 5,910 5.910 6.060 5,910 5,610 5,460 5,250 5,460 Feet. 3 65 3,67 3 70 4.00 3.97 3.85 3.77 3.65 3.55 3.48 3 45 3.40 3 37 3 35 3 32 3.32 3 25 3 23 3 20 3.05 3.10 3.05 3.00 2.97 2.95 2.90 2.88 2.85 2.80 2.80 Sec/t. 5.310 5,370 5.460 6.420 6,312 5,910 5,670 5,310 5.020 4,828 4,750 4,620 4,.542 4.490 4.412 4.412 4,2.30 4.178 4,100 3.720 3,S40 3,720 3,600 3,534 3,490 3,380 3,336 3,270 3,160 .3,160 Feel. 2 78 2.75 2 75 2.73 2.68 2 65 ■ 2 75 2 85 2.75 2.42 2 45 2 40 2 42 2 40 2.23 2.18 2 43 2.40 2 30 2.17 2 25 2 15 2 17 2 20 2.23 2 25 2.13 2.10 2 10 1.97 1.95 Sec-ft. 3.116 3.050 3.050 3,006 2,900 2,840 3,050 3,270 3,050 2,432 2,480 2,400 2,432 2.400 2.142 2.076 2.448 2.400 2.240 2,064 2,170 2.040 2,064 2,100 2,142 2,170 2,016 1,980 1,980 1,824 1,800 Feel. 1.93 1 92 1.92 1.93 1.95 1.95 1 85 1.45 1.43 1,40 1 25 1 20 0 90 1 32 1.50 2 00 2 35 2 47 2,48 2.48 2 45 2 37 2 35 2 35 2.30 2 25 2 23 4.28 4.27 4.25 Sec-ft. 1.776 1.764 1.764 1.776 1,800 1,800 1.690 1,340 1.324 1,300 1,185 1,150 960 1.200 1.295 1,700 2,080 2,200 2,160 2,120 2.010 1.840 1.720 1.740 1,660 1,610 1.590 1.360 1,230 1.120 Feel. 4.30 4.30 4.52 4.55 4.53 4 50 4 45 4.40 4.50 4.43 4.51 4 37 4 46 4 47 4.25 4.47 4 37 4.32 4.25 4.32 4.37 4 34 4 35 4.55 4.67 4.75 5.51 5.35 5.15 5.35 S.62 Sec.-fl. 1.070 2 980 3 1.050 4.. 990 S 6 880 770 7 744 8... . 748 9 740 10 . 746 11 739 12 750 13 743 14 15... 742 760 16 742 17 750 18 754 19 760 20 754 21 22 750 753 23 752 24 736 25 726 26 720 27 659 28 672 688 30 672 31... . 650 * Not sufficient data to compute daily discharge from Jan. 5 to Jan. 20. Note: — Ice conditions during January, February, March. November and December, those months are only approximate, particularly December which may be a little low. Daily discharges for Monthly Discharge of Bow River near Calgary, Alta., for 1910-11. (Drainage area, 3138 square miles.) Discharge in Second-Feet. Rtm-OFF. Month. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. Depth in inches on Drainage area. ratal in acre-feet. 1910 1,230 1,660 1,180 700 1.205 1.205 0.348 0.384 0 03 0 44 0.47 0.16 0 30 0.31 0.46 0 98 4 06 3 47 2.72 1.58 0.89 0.57 0.28 15.78 4.780 74.093 78,873 1911 January (1-4) 21-30 1,040 1,005 940 2,288 3,720 16.460 13.730 15,130 6,420 3,270 2,200 1,070 600 796 810 860 1,496 5,970 7,000 5,250 3.160 1.800 960 650 880 914 857 1.292 2.676 11.434 9.459 7.396 4.452 2.424 1.609 774 0 280 0 291 0 273 0 412 0.852 3.640 3.010 2.360 1 420 0.772 0 513 0.247 26,182 50,761 March 52,695 April 76,879 May 164,541 680,370 July 581,611 August 454,762 264,912 October 149,046 95,740 47,591 2,645,090 BOW RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN 63 SESSIONAL PAPER No. Elbow River at Calgary, Alta. This station was established May 8, 1908, by P. M. Sauder. It is located near the old General Hospital in Calgary, in the S. W. H Sec. 14, Tp. 24, Rge. 1, W. 5th Mer. There are no tributaries below this station, and there is no water diverted from the river except that used by the City of Calgar>', whose intake is about eleven miles upstream. The stream is confined to one channel. The left bank is high and does not overflow. The right bank is covered with brush, and may overflow at extreme flood-stage of the stream. The bed of the stream is composed of boulders and gravel and is not liable to change at the station, but may do so further up the stream where there is a small ripple. The channel is straight for about 500 feet below and above the station. The current is slow in low-water stages of the stream but fairly swift in the higher stages. Discharge measurements are made by means of a cable-car, tagged wire, and stay wire. The initial point for soundings is the zero of the tagged wire, at its fastening to the cable support, on the left bank. The original gauge was a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, attached to a twelve- inch post sunk in the bed of the stream at the left bank. The zero of the gauge (elev., 83.51) is referred to a permanent iron bench-mark (assumed elev., 100.00) which is situated about twenty-five feet south of the cable support on the left bank. -Mter November 14 gauge-height observations were made with a chain gauge established on that date by H. R. Carscallen on the upstream side of the new traffic bridge spanning Elbow River between Eleventh and Twelfth avenues east. The zero (elev., 84.75) is referred to a bench- mark (assumed elev., 100.00) on the extreme upstream corner of the cement wing-wall of the left abutment of the bridge. The length of the chain from the bottom of the weight to the marker is 16.03 feet. During 1911 the gauge was read once each day by Mrs. I. S. White. It is estimated by J. T. Child, City Engineer, that the City of Calgary diverted an average of 11 cubic feet per second during 1911. Discharge Measurements of Elbow River at Calgary, Alta., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. I Gauge Height. Discbarge. Jan. Jan. Feb. Feb. Mar. Apr. 6 . Apr. 15 . May 1 . May 23. June 5. June 21 July 5. Aug. 3 Aug. 9 Aug. 23. H. R. Carscallen . do do do do do do . C. Ritchie. do Russell do do T. Thomas. Brown do Sept. 8 do Sept. 25 do Oct. 18 B. Ruesell N'ov. 21 N. McL. Sutherland . Dec. 6 do Dec. 23 do Feel. 120 0 120 0 120 0 100 0 100.0 85 0 123 0 133.0 137.5 148.0 144 0 142.5 140.0 150.5 139.0 Sq. ft. Fl. per sec. 193.1 181, 1 215.8 204.0 178.3 143 0 249 5 269 2 340 2 457.3 395 6 441.6 394.6 675.1 410.8 142.5 461.6 135.5 347.8 132.0 331 8 127.0 279.1 115.0 241.2 105.0 206.2 0 33 0.25 0 40 0.54 0.58 0 64 0 66 0 79 1 22 2 06 1 65 1.93 1 59 3.63 1.67 2 10 1 30 1.04 0 82 0.40 0.73 Feel. 1.10 0.90 1.97 2 22 2.05 0.33 0.57 0.68 1.21 2 01 1.59 1.90 1.56 3 46 1.66 2.01 1 33 1 08 2 24* 2.30* 2.10* 64. Ot 45.lt 85 4t 111 Ot 103 6t 90. 9t 165 3 211.5 422.5 942.4 654.5 852.6 629.6 2.385.0 686.4 967.6 453 1 344.5 229 . It 95 St 151.lt * New chain gauge.. t Ice conditions. 64 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORUE v., A. 1912 Daily Gauge-height and Discharge of Elbow River at Calgary, Alta., for 1911 Day. January. February. Gauge Dis- ' Height, charge. Gauge ' Dis- Height. charge March. Gauge ' Dis- Heighc. charge April. Gauge ' Dis- Height. charge May. Gauge DU- June. Gauge Dis- HeighCi charge. I Height.l charge 1 Feet. 1.06 0.99 0.90 0.87 1.09 1.12 1.25 1.34 1.19 tl.05 to. 90 0.76 0.79 0.74 0.99 0.90 1.01 1.59 1.59 1.60 1.68 1.69 1.72 1.69 1.68 1.75 1.64 1.74 1.75 1.76 1.78 Sec.-ft. 71 65 60 54 64 64 69 71 63 57 51 48 47 45 48 45 47 64 64 64 68 68 70 68 68 72 66 71 72 72 73 Feel. 1.78 1.79 1.86 1.89 1.96 2 00 1 95 2.03 1.99 1.96 1 9S 2.02 .2 03 2.00 2.07 2.03 2.10 2.21 2.16 2.10 2 12 2.23 2.27 2.19 2.16 2.20 2.23 2.27 Sec.-fl. l\ 78 79 85 88 84 91 87 85 86 90 91 88 95 91 98 110 104 98 101 115 120 111 108 113 119 123 Feet. 2.30 2.26 2.25 2.25 2.26 2.23 2.26 2.25 2.21 2.22 2.17 2.09 2.14 2.08 2.08 2.09 1.96 1.92 1.86 1.82 2.26 1.97 1.92 1.84 1.81 1.70 1.60 1.55 1.40 0.90 0.69 Sec-ft. 128 123 122 123 125 121 126 125 121 122 116 107 114 107 H6 128 118 123 124 128 255 191 199 192 203 193 185 189 170 90 86 Feel. 0.55 0.45 to. 42 0.38 0.51 0.47 0.60 0.49 0.47 0.67 0.63 0.89 0.80 0.67 0.69 0.79 0.92 0.87 0.84 0.98 1.30 1.43 1.17 1.16 1.10 1.06 0.99 0.89 0.80 0.73 Sec-ft. 80 79 82 84 102 105 147 143 152 198 188 267 236 198 203 233 278 260 250 302 458 539 388 383 354 336 306 267 236 215 Feel. 0.71 0.68 0.66 0.64 0.73 0.73 0.74 0.78 0.76 0.71 0.71 0 68 0.7S 1.02 0.98 1.18 1.97 1.75 1.59 1.40 1.36 1.32 1.33 1.29 1.28 1.25 1.22 1.22 1.43 1.86 2.16 Sec-ft. 209 201 196 190 215 215 218 230 224 209 209 201 230 319 302 ■ 392 911 750 641 520 495 470 477 452 447 430 413 413 539 829 1.063 Feel. 2.61 2.51 2.37 2 25 2.09 1.83 1.74 1.69 1.65 1.61 1.78 1.99 2.21 2.17 2.09 2 02 1.97 1.85 1.70 1.65 159 1.58 1.67 1.76 2.40 1.99 1.95 2.00 2.02 2.05 Sec-ft. 1.466 2 1.370 3 1.244 4 1.139 5 1.006 6 807 7 ,.... 8 743 708 9 682 10 655 11 771 12 926 13 1.105 14 1.071 IS 1,006 16 950 17 911 18 821 19 715 20 682 21 641 22 635 23 695 24 757 25 1,270 26 926 27 896 28 934 29 950 30 974 31 BOW RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN 65 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Daily Gauge-height and Discharge of Elbow River at Calgary, Alta., for 1911. — Con. July. August. September. October. November. December. D.IY. Gauge Height Dis- charge . Gauge Height Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feet. 2.33 2,31 2.10 1.99 1.88 1.75 1.70 1.64 1.61 1.55 1.48 1.42 1.35 1.31 1.33 1.38 1.35 1.33 1.51 1.47 1.41 1.39 1.65 1.59 1.48 1.41 1.45 1.39 1.31 1.28 1.26 Sec-ft. 1,208 1,191 1.014 926 843 7.';o 715 675 655 615 570 533 489 464 477 508 489 477 590 564 526 514 682 641 570 526 552 514 464 447 436 Feet. 1.25 1.55 1.60 ).S0 1.89 1 90 2.31 4.05 3.35 2.91 2.69 2.41 2 30 2.15 2.00 2.18 1.93 1.78 1.67 1.91 1.75 1.73 1.69 1 64 1.61 1.75 1 70 1.67 1 62 1 59 1.54 Sec.-ft. 430 615 648 785 851 858 1.191 3,159 2.252 1.769 1.546 1,279 1,182 1,055 934 1.080 881 771 695 866 750 736 708 675 655 750 715 695 661 641 609 Feet. 1.50 1.47 1.45 2.69 2.40 2 25 2.16 2.08 1.99 1.93 1.89 1.84 1.77 1.68 1.61 1.56 1.55 1.48 1.43 1.41 1.38 1.37 1.37 1.35 1.33 1.33 1.32 1.32 1.32 1.31 Sec.-ft. 583 564 552 1..546 1.270 1.139 1.063 998 926 881 851 814 764 702 655 622 615 570 539 526 508 501 501 489 477 477 470 470 470 464 Feet. 1.30 1.29 1.32 1.30 1.29 1.28 1 26 1.24 1.21 1.18 1.14 1.13 1.12 1.11 1.10 1.10 1.08 1.06 1.05 1.05 1.03 1.03 1.04 1.04 1.03 1.02 1.02 1.01 0.99 0.98 0.95 Sec.-ft. 458 452 470 458 452 447 436 424 408 392 373 368 364 359 354 354 345 336 332 332 323 323 328 328 323 319 319 314 306 302 290 Feet. 0.95 0.93 0 92 0.92 0.90 0.84 0,80 0.49 0 14 t t J 2 02* 2.15 2.46 2.34 2.35 2.36 2.37 2.24 2.44 2.18 2.19 2 25 2 26 2.49 2 20 2.28 2 12 Sec.-ft. 290 282 278 278 270 250 236 157 103 85 75 SO 100 120 183 377 293 300 307 314 231 340 180 175 192 185 270 144 162 105 Feet. 2 08 2.07 2.15 2.10 r 2" 2.28 2.16 2.07 2 05 2.16 2.28 2.35 2.20 2.06 2.05 2.07 2.35 2.20 1.91 2.10 2 27 1.99 2.08 2.23 1.99 1.76 1.79 1.79 1.76 1 76 2.08 Sec.-ft 87 2... 70 3 91 4 5.. 75 70 6 92 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 76 75 64 90 129 146 114 85 89 16 17 97 196 18 160 19 61 20 130 21 207 22 100 23 143 24 225 25 107 26 27 31 38 28 38 29.. 31 30 31 31 149 t No observation, gauge height interpolated. J Water below zero of gauge. * Chain gauge installed. NoTE^Ice conditions during January, February, March, those months are only approximate. November and December. Daily discharges for Monthly Discharge of Elbow River .a.t C.\lgary, Alta., for 1911. (Drainage area, 482 square miles.) ' D SCHARGE IN Second-Feet. Rtm-OFF. Month. Maximum. Minimum, Mean. ; Per square mile. Depth in inches on Total in Drainage ! acre-feet, area. January' 73 123 255 539 1,063 1,466 1,208 3,159 1,546 470 377 225 45 73 86 79 190 635 436 430 464 290 75 31 1 62 2 ! 0 129 95,9 . 0.199 141 0 0 293 236.0 i 0.490 407 0 ' 0.844 915.0 1 1.898 633.0 1 313 982 0 2 037 0 15 3 824 Februari' 0.21 0.34 0 55 5,326 March . . 8.670 April. . . . 14 043 May 0 97 •?.F, no.'; June 2 12 ' 54 446 July :: ;;:;:;;;;■ 1 51 38,922 •August 2 35 60 381 September 700.0 367.0 212.0 100 0 1.452 0.761 0 440 n ^n? 1 62 1 41,653 October 0 88 22 566 November. ... 0 49 ! 12 615 December. 0 24 6 149 The year 293.62U ! 66 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 Nose Creek near Calgary, Alta. This station was established April 24, 1911, by H. C. Ritchie. It is located at the traffic bridge on the N. W. J i'.'..'. . - > ... . . .'.... i ns 2 10 2.40 3.10 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 2.80 2 60 2.70 2.55 2.45 2.25 2.15 1.70 2.65 2.60 2.60 2 25 2 20 2.20 2.20 2 22 2.20 2.20 39 2.20 2.30 83 122 24S 223 228 22S 228 228 228 228 228 189 154 171 146 130 101 89 43 162 154 154 101 95 95 95 97 95 95 95 108 Feet, i Sec.-ft. Feel. 2.40 2.43 2.47 2. 87 2.57 2.57 2.57 2.57 2.52 2.50 2 58 2.56 2.70 2.90 2.95 2.95 3.55 3.53 3-53 3.80 3.80 3.95 3.95 4 00 3.45 3.45 3.45 3.45 3.20 3.20 122 127 *133 t202 149 149 149 149 141 138 151 148 171 208 218 218 352 347 347 415 415 454 454 467 328 328 ■ 328 328 270 270 ; 3.15 3.15 3.15 3.15 3.15 3.15 3.10 3.00 3.00 3.75 3.85 3.60 3.60 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.45 3.45 3.45 3.45 3.45 3.00 3.00 3.00 2.95 Sec.-fl. 259 259 259 259 259 259 248 22S 228 402 428 364 364 316 316 316 328 328 328 328 328 228 . 228 228 218 : I 208 171 ' 171 t 154 154 Feet. 2 60 2.60 2 60 2.60 2.60 2.75 2.85 I 2.80 ! 2.80 2.75 2.75 ' 2.75 ! 2.80 2.9a ' 2.80 [ 2.60 I 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.45 2.45 2.25 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.00 2.00 2.00 Sec.-fl. 1 Feet. Sec.-fl. 154 154 154 154 154 180 198 189 189 180 180 ISO 189 208 189 154 138 138 138 138 138 130 130 I 101 95 1 95 I 95 95 71 71 I 71 2.25 2.30 2.35 3.80 3.90 3.90 3.85 3.50 2.90 2.85 2.85 2.85 3.10 3.15 3.15 3 00 2.85 2.85 2.85 2.80 2.50 2.40 2.40 2.40 2.40 3.80 3.85 0.75 101 108 lis 415 441 441 428 340 208 198 198 198 248 259 259 228 198 198 198 1S9 138 122 122 122 122 415x 42&C 0.00 * Opened one gate at 7.00 p.m. t Closed one gate at 8.30 p.m. X Water shut off at intake for the season. Note — Water was turned into the canal for a few daj-s about the middle of April to fill the pool in the Canal was opened for the irrigation season on April 30. Gauge heights from April 30 to May 17 were canal. interpolated from observations made at bridge No. 2. Monthly Discharge of Canadian Pacific Railway Company Canal near Calgary, Alta., for 1911. Discharge in Second-Feet. Total Month. . Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Discharge in acre-feet. April (30) 39 43 122 154 71 0 39 150 256 269 144 230 May 248 467 428 208 441 9.223 15.233 16.540 8,8.54 1"' 774 June July August September (1-2S) The period (April 30 to Sept. 28) 62.701 70 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v.. A. 1912 Fish Ckeek near Priddis, Alta. This station was established May 13, 1907, by P. M. Sauder. It is on the S. \V. '<» Sec. 26, Tp. 22, Rge. 3, W. 5th Mcr., about one mile from Priddis and near Percival's buildings. A plain staff gauge, graduated to feet and hundredths, is placed vertiially at the left bank, about 200 yards north of Mr. Percival's house. The zero of the gauge (elev., 90.81) is referred to a permanent iron bench-mark (assumed elev., 100.00) situated 36 feet west and a little south of the gauge. The channel is straight for 300 feet above and 150 feet below the station. The left bank is high, and will not overflow. The right bank is low, covered with brush and timber, and is liable to overflow in extreme high water. The bed is composed of gravel, but not liable to shift. The current is sluggish in extreme low stage of the stream. Measurements are made by wading at or near the gauge, during low-water stages of the stream, and high-water stages are computed from slope measurements by the use of Kutter's formula. It is proposed to establish a cable station at this point for high-water measurements. During 1911, the gauge was read by Fred Percival. ■ Discharge Measurements of Fish Creek near Priddis, .\lta., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Meao Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. 27 H. R. Carscallen. 3 J. C. MiUigan. Apr. June June 13 ' R. T. Sailman. July ■ - - - Aug. 18. 23. Sept. 27. L. R. Brereton. do do Feet. 37 42 38 37 49 49.5 -«. //. ' Ft. per sec. Feet. 40.5 0.60 1.26 62.0 1.26 1.S5 51.9 0.72 1.48 46.0 0.58 1.36 66.3 0.85 1.70 71.4 ! 0.93 1.79 Sec.-ft. ■ 24.3 77.8 37.4 27 0 56 4 66.8 Daily Gauge-height and Discharge of Fish Creek near Priddis, Alta., for 1911. April. May. June. July. Day. Gauge Dis- Height., charge. Gauge ' Dis- Height.' charge. Gauge Dis- Height. charge. Gauge , Dis- Height.; charge. 1 Feet. 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.74 1.74 1.78 1.78 1.82 1.82 2.00 2.00 2.00 1.66 1.46 1.87 1.87 1.87 1.70 1.70 1.65 1.63 1.65 1.53 1.53 1.53 1.33 1.28 1.23 1.23 1.23 Su.-ft. 58.0 58.0 58.0 62.0 62.0 66.6 66.6 71.4 71.4 95.0 95.0 95.0 54.0 36.8 77.4 77.4 77.4 58.0 58.0 53.0 51.0 53.0 42.4 42.4 42.4 28.8 25.8 22.8 22.8 22.8 Feet. 1.00 1.00 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.99 1.04 0.93 0.93 0.93 0.89 0.88 0.88 1.58 2.22 2.60 3.02 2.55 1.95 1.70 1.60 1.60 1.40 1.39 1.39 1.60 1.60 2.60 2.70 2.40 2 04 Sec-ft. 12.0 12.0 10.4 10 4 10.4 11.6 13 6 9.4 9.4 9.4 8.2 7.9 7.9 46.4 128.0 200.0 293.0 190.0 88.0 58.0 48.0 48.0 33 0 32.4 32.4 48.0 48.0 200.0 220 0 160 0 ini n Peel. 1 80 Sec.-ft. 69 n Feet. 2.70 5«.-/(. 22n n 2 1.99 93.6 1.90 81.0 1.90 81.0 l.SO 69.0 1 60 1 48.0 2.80 242 0 3 2 10 109 0 4 2 09 108 0 5 2 09 lOS 0 6 1 SO 69 0 7 1 63 1.66 1.73 1.60 1.60 1.45 1.61 1.60 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.31 1.30 1.30 1.22 1.22 1.33 1.38 1 .55 1.65 1 75 1.90 2 00 2.60 53 0 54.0 61.0 48.0 48.0 36.0 49.0 48.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 27.6 27.0 27.0 22.2 22.2 28.8 31.8 44.0 53.0 63.0 81.0 95.0 200.0 1.71 59 0 8 1 68 66 0 9 1 68 36.0 10 1.70 1 58 0 11 1.73 61 0 12 1 71 1 59 0 13 1.71 1 59 0 14 . 1 44 35 4 15 1.44 35 4 16 1 40 33 0 17 1.40 33 0 18 1.51 , 40.8 19 . 1.90 81 0 20 1.70 58.0 21 1.60 ' 48.0 22 1.60 48 0 23 1.60 1.48 1.39 1.35 1.31 1.26 1.26 1.26 1 26 48.0 24 38.4 25 32.4 26 30.0 27 27.6 28 29 30 31 24.6 24.6 24.6 24 R BO]V RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN 71 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Daily Gauge-height and Discharge of Fish Creek near Priddis, Alta., for 1911. — Con. August. September. October. November. D.4Y. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Dis- Heiglit. charge. Gauge Height Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feci. 1.25 1 25 1 25 1.26 1.48 1 60 2,40 '5 00 3 70 3.00 2 70 2 40 2 30 2 00 1.9S 2 30 2 15 1 95 1 90 1.80 1.80 1 75 1.70 1.65 1.70 1.85 1-85 1.75 1.60 1.60 1.51 Sec.-ft. 24 0 24 0 24.0 24.6 38.4 48 0 160 0 930.0 471.0 288.0 220 0 160 0 142,0 95.0 88.0 142.0- 117.0 88.0 81.0 69.0 69.0 63 0 58.0 53.0 58.0 75.0 75 0 63 0 48.0 48 0 40.8 Feci. 1.50 1.45 1.70 2.10 2.00 2.10 1.80 1.80 1 65 1.60 1 60 1.50 1 45 1.45 1.43 1 35 1.45 1.45 1.33 1.34 1.40 1 .50 1 55 1.55 1.56 1.64 1.75 1.77 1.80 1.65 Sec.-ft. 40 0 36 0 58.0 109.0 95.0 109 0 69 0 69 0 53.0 48.0 48 0 40 0 36.0 36.0 34.8 30.0 36.0 36.0 30.0 29.4 33 0 40 0 44.0 44.0 44.8 52.0 63.0 65.4 69.0 53.0 Feel. 1.56 1.56 1.60 1.71 1.65 1.56 1 55 1.55 1.45 1.44 1.44 1 43 1.37 1.36 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.30 1.32 1.35 1.35 1 33 1.33 1.33 1.25 1.58 1.71 1.70 1.55 1.25 1.25 Sec.-ft. 44.8 44.8 48.0 59.0 53.0 44.8 44.0 44.0 36.0 35.4 35.4 34 8 31.2 30.6 30.0 30.0 30.0 27.0 28.2 30.0 30.0 28.8 28.8 28.8 24.0 46.4 59.0 58.0 44.0 24.0 24.0 Fee;. 1.35 1.35 1.25 1.20 1 20 1 20 1.21 1.20 1.25 1.25 1 25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 Sec.-ft. 30.0 2 - 30.0' 3 ^ 24.0 21.0 s ... 21.0 6 21.0 7 8 9 10 21.6 21.0 24.0 24 0 11 24 0 12 24 0 13 14 24.0 24 0 IS 24 0 16 24 0 17 18 19 ; 20 21 23 25 26 28 ..; 29 30 31 . .. Monthly Discharge of Fish Creek near Priddis, Alta., for 1911. (Drainage area. 109 square miles.) Discharge in Second-Feet. Run-Off. Month. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. Depth in inches in Drainage area. Total in acre-feet. April 95 293 200 242 930 109 59 30 22 8 7.9 22.2 24.6 24.0 29 4 24.0 21.0 56 8 0 521 68.0 0 624 56 0 0 514 62.9 0 577 125.0 1.147 51.7 0.474 37 3 0 342 23.8 1 0.218 0 58 0.72 0.57 0.67 1.32 0 S3 0.39 0.13 4 91 3.380 4.181 3.332 3.868 7.686 3.076 2,294 755 May July September October November (1-16) The period 28.572 North Branch of Sheep River at Millarville, Alta. It is located on the S. W. Millar's house, Millarville This station was established Mav 22, 1908, by P. M. Sauder. M Sec. 12, Tp. 21, Rge. 3, \V. 5th Mer., 100 feet from Malcolm T. Discharge measurements are made at the traflSc bridge about one mile downstream on the road allowance on the east boundarv- of Sec. 12. At low stages the stream is gauged at a wading section about 100 yards downstream from the gauge. The cross-section at the gauge is unsuit- able for measurements, the stream being very deep and sluggish at this point. 72 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., \. 1912 Owing to the speed of the current above and below the station and the instability of the stream-bed, the factors governing the relation of gauge-height to discharge are continually changing, especially in high stages of the stream. During 1911, an exceptional amount of rain- fall resulted in a series of high-water periods. In consequence, the stream changed to such an extent that the data accumulated were found insufiicient for the compilation of daily discharges. The gauge, which is a plain staff, graduated to feet and hundredths, is nailed to the crib- work at the left side of the stream, constructed by Mr. Millar for the preser\'ation of the creek bank. The zero (elev., 82.67) is referred to a pcrmancni iron bench-mark (assumed elev., 100.00) situated 36 feet southwest of the N.E. corner of Sec. 2, Tp. 21, Rge. 3, \V. 5th Mer.. and about 100 yards west of the gauge. The high water in August, 1911, carried away the original gauge and on the 24th of the month a new gauge was installed in the same position as the former gauge but at elev. 81.40. During 1911, the gauge was read once daily by Malcolm T. Millar. DiECHAKGE Measurements of North Branxh of Sheep Ri\'er, at Millarville, Alta., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. Apr. 26 June 14 July 20 Aug. 24 Oct. 8 * H. R. Carscallen ' Feet. 41 Sq. ft. 30. S 24S.2 193.0 207.4 43.8 Ft per sec. 3.12 1.47 0.66 0.61 1.70 Feet. 2.15 2.79 2.15 *2 97 »2.79 Sec.-fl. 96 0 R. T. Sailman . . . . ' L. R. Brereton do 97 59 72 365.6 128.4 126 5 do . . . . 41 5 74 8 * New gauge, datum 1.27 below old gauge datum. Daily Gauge-height in feet of North Branch of Sheep River at Millarville, .Alta., for 1911. D.»Y March. April. May. June. Julir. .\ug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 1 . 1.73 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 X.60 1.60 1.60 1.75 2.72 2.25 1.75 1.54 1.54 1.50 1.83 1.86 1.83 1.73 1.85 2.05 2.30 2.30 2.15 2.10 2.15 1.85 1.82 1.69 1.70 1.70 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.83 2.10 1.80 1.78 1.72 1.72 1.67 1.67 1.83 2 00 2.49 3.65 3.20 2.77 2.55 2.45 2.33 2.25 2.20 2.13 2.13 2.13 2.29 2.58 2.77 3.10 3.30 3.10 3.00 2 60 2 60 2.43 2.35 2.30 2.30 2.23 2.18 2.16 2.14 2.14 2.83 2.55 2.35 2.23 2.23 2.06 2.04 2.04 2.04 2.04 2.13 2.25 2 20 2.15 2.15 2.40 2.86 2.70 2.79 2.60 2.50 2.40 2.40 2.32 2.19 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.00 2.00 1.98 1.84 1.80 1.80 2.10 2.10 ' 2.06 2.00 2.00 1.84 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.78 1.78 1.75. 1.70 2.20 2.10 2.15 2.40 2.45 2.48 4.68 5.72 4.58 4.51 3.80 3.30 3.00 2.95 3.15 2,93 2.63 2.43 2.20 2.04 1.85 1.73 1.75 *2.97 2.98 3.20 3.15 3.03 2.94 2.88 2.88 2.88 2.78 2.95 3 43 3.50 3.50 3.45 3 42 3.35 3.30 3.19 3.15 3.11 3.00 2.94 2.94 2.95 2.85 2.83 2.77 2.77 2.78 2.82 2.83 2.85 2.92 2.93 2 93 2.87 2.87 2.86 2.86 2.95 2.90 2.84 2.80 2.78 2.76 2.74 2.74 2.73 2.72 2.69 2.69 2.67 2.67 2.64 2.61 2.55 2.55 2.55 2.55 2.55 2.40 2.40 2.39 2.39 2.39 2.40 2.40 2.35 2.32 2 2.32 3 2.32 4 2.32 5 2.32 6 2,32 7. . . 2.32 8 2.32 9 2.32 10..^ 2 32 11 2.32 12 2.32 13 2.32 14 2.32 15 2.32 16 17 is ::::::::::::;.. 19 20 . . . . 21 22 23 24 25 ; 26 1 27 28 29 30 31 i;93" 1.97 1.70 1.47 1.47 1.47 1.60 1.73 1.73 * New gauge established, datum 1 .37 below old gauge datum. BOW RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN 73 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d South Br.\nch of Sheep River near Bl.\ck Diamond, Alta. This station was established May 23, 190S, by P. M. Sauder. It is located at the steel highway bridge on the road allowance between Sees. 8 and 17, Tp. 20, Rge. 2, W. 5th Mer. It is one half mile from Black Diamond P.O. The gauge, which is of the standard chain type, is fastened to the downstream side of the floor of the bridge, about midway between the west abutment and the centre pier. Bench-mark No. 1 consists of two nail-heads on the north face of the west abutment; elevation, 9.37 above the zero of the gauge. Bench-mark No. 2 is a block of wood nailed to the north face of the centre pier; elevation, 7.67. The channel is straight for about 150 feet above the station, then swings sharply to the left. It is straight for about 500 feet below the station, then turns gradually to the right. Both banks are composed of gravel. The right bank is low, partly covered with brush, and over- flows in higher stages of the stream. The left bank is high and cannot overflow. The bed is composed of coarse gra\'el; it is permanent in low-water stages of the stream, but a gravel bar at the right bank, which is covered during high-water stages, is liable to shift. The river has considerable fall and the current is swift. Discharge measurements are made from the downstream side of the bridge. The initial point for soundings is the outer edge of the bed-plate on the west end of the bridge. Distances from the initial point are marked at every five feet, on the bottom chord of the bridge. During 1911, the gauge was read by Herbert Arnold, merchant at Black Diamond. Discharge Measurements of South Branch of Sheep River near Bl.\ck Diamond Alta in 1911. Date. 1 Hydrographer. Width. 1 Area of Section. J Mean 1 Velocity. ■ Gauge ■ Height. Discharge. Apr. 25 May 19 1 ...1 H . ..i R. ...1 ... L. R T R . Carscallen 1 Feel. 76 . 1 77 0 Sq. ft. 99 3 127,2 184.1 96.8 138.8 115.3 Ft. per sec. 1.93 2.73 4.00 2.39 2.20 1.85 Feet. 0.95 1.36 1.96 1.06 1.41 1.15 Sec.-fl. 191.4 347.0 735.9 231.6 305.7 213.2 June 15 do 81 5 July 20 Aug. 26 Sept. 29 Brereton do ., do 72.0 78 . 5 78 0 74 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 Daily Gauge-height and discharge of South Branxh of Sheep River near Black Diamond, Alta., for 1911. Day. March. April. May. June. Gauge Dis- Gauge Dis- Gauge Dis- ] Gauge Dis- Height. charge. Height, charge, i Height . charge. Height- charge. Feci. Sec.-fl. Fut. Sec.-fl. •6 7 ■. 8 9 M 11 12 13 : 14 15 16 17 ... 18 19 20 21 .. 22 .'. . . 23 24 25 .. 26 27 0.94 0.85 0.44 0.48 0.63 188 158 63 70 100 28 30 31 0.13 0 43 •0 07 0 33 0.43 0.53 0.71 0.53 0.53 0.43 0.58 0.58 0.63 0.48 0.68 0.91 1.03 0.83 0.88 0.94 0.93 0.83 0.68 0.53 0.53 29 61 20 79 61 0.43 61 0.35 50 0 .33 47 0 43 61 0.48 70 79 119 79 79 61 89 100 70 111 178 220 152 168 188 184 152 111 79 79 Feet. Sec.-ft. 0 63 0 63 0 65 0 73 0.88 1.13 0.7S 0.80 0.73 0.73 0.64 0.68 0.78 0 68 1.08 2.45 1 93 1.61 1.36 1.28 1 26 1.26 1.13 1.06 0.98 0 95 0.93 1 03 1 23 1 83 2.28 100 100 104 124 168 255 138 143 124 124 102 111 138 111 237 1119. 713 484 350 314 306 306 255 230 202 192 184 220 293 635 986 Feel. Sec.-fl. 1.63 1.53 1.49 1.34 1.64 1.69 1 94 1.99 1.99 1.96 1025 1103 1103 713 635 497 437 415 443 304 536 721 760 760 737 1.84 643 1 86 659 1 64 504 1 64 504 1.69 536 1.84 643 1.84 643 1.52 432 1.47 404 1.82 628 1 59 472 1 54 443 tl.Sl 426 1.49 415 1.54 443 BOW RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN 75 SESSIONAL PAPER Ho. 23d D.\iLY Gauge-height and Discharge of South Branch cf Sheep River near Black Diamond, Alta., for 1911. — Continued. July. August. September. October. Day. Gauge Height . Dis- charge . Gauge Height . Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Dis- Height . charge. 1 Feet. 1.64 1.52 1.49 1.19 1.14 1.19 1.19 1.24 1.19 1.14 1.06 1.04 1.01 0 99 0.82 to. 94 1.06 1.04 1 04 1.07 1.04 1.06 1.06 1.04 1.04 1.06 1.04 1 02 0.94 0.94 0.94 Sec-ft. 504 432 415 277 259 277 277 297 277 259 230 223 212 206 149 188 230 223 223 234 223 2.30 230 223 223 230 223 216 188 188 188 Feel. tl.13 Sec-ft. 255 Feet. 1,22 Sec-fl. 236 Feet. 1.12- Sec.-fl. 204 2 . 1.32 I 331 1.46 i 399 tl.57 1 461 1 69 536 1.14 j 210 1.34 j 280 tl.l2 ': 204 1,12 ' 204 4 2.74 t2.76 2.79 2.04 2.04 2.04 1.84 1.89 2.19 1.74 1.66 1.54 1.46 1.36 1.34 1.26 1.24 1.34 1.34 1.32 1.39 1.29 1.24 1.22 1.22 1.19 1.14 1217 1233 1256 671 671 •671 526 558 788 464 419 362 328 287 280 250 243 280 280 272 299 260 243 236 236 226 210 1.06 ' 186 5 1.04 181 1.84 4.04 3.24 2.54 643 2360 1720 1162 1.04 1 181 7 1.04 1 181 1.04 181 9 1.04 1 181 10 ■. 2.44 1 1076 2 24 ! 910 1.04 ; 181 11 1.04 1 181 12 2.14 1.94 1.89 1.59 1.62 1.51 1,42 826 656 610 418 424 366 320 1.04 ' 181 13 . 1.04 181 14 0.99 106 15 0.99 ; 166 16 . 0,99 1 166 17 '. 0 96 158 18 0,94 152 19 . . 1.34 1 284 1.34 , 280 0,92 , 147 20 0 94 152 21 1 29 1 26 1 24 1.19 1.14 1 41 260 250 243 226 210 .■507 0 92 147 22 0.89 1 138 0,92 1 147 24 0 92 1 147 to. 90 : 141 0 89 138 27 1.34 1 280 1.34 280 1.34 280 1.29 ! 260 1 24 1 243 0 84 ' 126 0 82 ' 121 29 0 84 126 0 84 126 31 0 84 126 1 * Negative gauge height water below zero of the gauge, t No observation, gauge height interpolated. Monthly Discharge of South Branch of Sheep River near Black Diamond, Alta., for 1911. (Drainage area. 241 square miles.) Discharge in Second-Feet. Run-Off. Month. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. Depth in inches on Drainage area. Total in acre-feet. March (27-31) 188 220 1.119 1.103 504 2.360 1.256 204 63 20 100 415 149 210 210 121 116 975 286 606 250 544 450 162 0.481 0.405 1.187 2.515 1.037 2.257 1.867 0.672 0 09 0,45 1,37 2 81 1 150 5 802 May Jjine !^fi (\fift July 1 20 15 372 August... 2 60 33 449 2 08 5fi 777 October 0,77 11,37 9 961 The period 146,156 Sheep River near Okotoks, Alta. This station was established by J. F. Hamilton in 1906. It is located at the Canadian Pacific Railway bridge about one mile from Okotoks, on the N. W. }4 Sec. 22, Tp. 20, Rge. 29, W. 4th Mer. The railway company has replaced the old wooden structure by a two-span steel bridge resting on cement abutments and central pier. In consequence the cross-section has undergone 76 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v.. A. 1912 considerable change since the station was first established. The old wooden piers still remain in the cross-section and these, as well as a number of short piles in the bed of the stream above the section, considerably affect the velocity observations. The channel is straight for 500 feet above and below the station, the current being swift throughout this course. The right bank is high with a gradual slojje; the left bank is compar- atively low and will overflow in high stages of the stream. Both banks are covered with brush and large trees. The bed of the stream is composed of sand and coarse gravel and shifts con- siderably. The gauge is a plain staff, graduated to feet and tenths, imbedded in the cement of the left face of the centre pier near the downstream end. Owing to a timber, rock-filled cribbing around the pier only high-water observations can be read on this gauge and for low stages an auxiliary' gauge, graduated to feet and hundredths, was spiked to the cribwork opposite the permanent gauge on the left side of the pier. The gauges are referred to a bench-mark on the top of the left abutment at its southwest corner. This is a Canadian Pacific Railway bench-mark and the elevation marked upon it, 3431.57, is used for reference. The elevation of the gauge datum for the permanent gauge imbedded in the pier is 3420.12 feet and that of the gauge datum for the auxiliary gauge on the cribwork of the pier is 3418.12 feet. During 1911, the gauge was read by Miss May Henderson. Discharge Measurements of Sheep River near Okotoks, Alta., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Feet. 3 24 3.48 4.02 3.00 2.76 2.55 Discharge. Apr. 21 May 20 June 15 . . . H. C. Ritchie . . R. T. SaUman do Feet. 99.0 9S 0 98.5 Sq. ft. 198.9 258.2 337.3 165.8 418.8 385.8 Ft. per sec. 2 20 2.25 3.01 1 61 1.17 0.91 Ste.-ft. 438.2 581.6 1.016.7 July 25 Aug. 28 ... L. R. Brereton do 146.0 98.0 267.2 489.7 Sept. 30 . . do 98.0 352.2 Daily Gauge-height and Discharge of Sheep River, near Okotoks, Alta., for 1911. April June. July. Gauge { Dis- Gauge ' Dis- Gauge Dis- Gauge i Dls- Height. charge. {Height.. charge. Height, charge. Height. 'charge. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Feet. Sec.-fl. Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-fl. 2.40 2.30 2.10 2.30 2.30 2.30 2.30 2.50 2.50 3.30 110 92 66 92 92 92 92 130 130 481 2.70 2.70 2.70 2 70 3.00 3.30 3.10 2.90 2.90 3.00 182 182 182 182 294 484 348 250 250 294 4.90 4.70 4.70 4.30 3.90 3 70 3.60 3 50 3.60 3.60 1720 1560 1560 1240 920 760 680 600 680 680 4 10 4 00 t3.80 3 60 3.50 3.40 3 40 3.40 3.40 3.20 1080 1000 840 680 600 520 520 520 520 372 11 3.70 3.00 2.90 2.70 2.70 2.70 3.00 ts.oo 3.00 3.00 3.10 3.50 3.30 3.20 3.30 3.20 1 3.00 3.00 2.80 2.60 804 294 250 182 182 182 294 294 294 294 348 644 484 408 484 408 294 294 214 154 2.90 t2 95 3 00 3 10 3.50 4.20 4.70 4.50 3 70 3.50 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.20 3.10 3.10 3.30 3.50 3.80 4.40 4.90 250 272 294 348 632 1186 1580 1408 764 600 520 520 520 372 316 316 440 600 840 1320 1720 3 70 4 00 t4 15 4.30 4.00 3 80 5 70 3.60 3.60 3.50 3.40 3 30 3 40 3.40 4.00 3.50 3 70 S.70 3.50 tS.80 760 1000 1120 1240 1000 840 760 6S0 6S0 600 520 440 520 520 1000 600 760 760 600 840 3.20 3 00 3 00 3 00 3 00 2.80 2 90 2.90 2 90 3.10 3.00 3.00 3 00 3 00 ts.oo 3.00 2.90 2.90 2.90 2.80 2.80 372 12 268 13 268 14 263 15 268 16 194 17 t 226 18 ■ 226 19 226 20 316 21 268 22 268 23 268 24 268 25 268 26 268 27 226 28 226 29 .... 226 30 194 31 194 BOW RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN 77 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Daily Gauge-height and Discharge of Sheep River, near Okotoks, Alta., for 1911. — Continued. August. September. October. November. Day. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Dis- Height. charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . 1 Feet. 2.90 3.20 3 50 3.80 3.90 3 90 5.52 5 54 4.90 4.20 4.00 Sec.-fl. 226 372 600 840 920 920 2310 2410 1970 1480 1404 Feet. 2.60 t3 16 t3.73 4.30 3.75 3.58 3.40 3 40 3 35 t3.30 3 25 3.25 3.24 t3.12 t3.00 2.87 2.76 t2.68 2.60 2.58 2.60 t2.60 2.60 2.57 2.58 2.60 2.60 2.60 2.58 2.55 Sec.-fl. 380 814 1270 1726 1286 1150 1006 1006 966 926 886 886 878 782 686 582 494 433 389 360 380 380 380 363 369 380 380 380 369 352 Feel. t2.S3 2.52 2.59 2.58 2. 56 2.50 2.50 2.48 t2.46 2.45 2.43 2.35 t2.35 2.35 2.32 2.30 2 30 t2.29 2.28 2.28 2.27 t2.28 2 29 2.30 2.30 t2.50 2.70 t2.50 2,30 t2.30 2.30 Sec.-fl. 341 335 374 369 358 324 324 314 304 299 289 253 253 253 240 232 232 229 225 225 222 225 229 232 232 324 446 324 232 232 232 Feet. 2 30 2.30 2.30 t2.29 2.28 Sec.-fl. 232 2 232 3 : 4 5 6 232 229 225 7 8 9 10 11 12 3.70 1 1246 3. 50 i 1086 3 20 1 846 13 14 15 3.10 3.30 3.20 2.80 2.80 2.90 2.90 2.80 t2.80 2.80 2.70 2.90 2.90 2.76 t2.71 2.66 2.65 766 926 846 526 526 606 606 526 526 526 446 606 606 494 454 420 413 16 1 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 25 26 28 29 30 31 t No obser\'ation. gauge-height interpolated. Monthly Discharge of Sheep River near Okotoks, Alta., for 1911. (Drainage area, 624 square miles.) Discharge in Second-Feet. Run-Off. Month. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. Depth in inches on Drainage area. Total in acre-feet. April 804 1,720 1,720 1,080 2,410 1,726 446 232 66 182 440 194 226 352 222 225 273 0 438 0.49 1.04 1..53 0.71 1.58 1.23 0.52 0.07 7.17 16.245 34.618 50.876 23.734 62,449 40,939 17,278 2,281 May 563 8.';5 386 853 688 281 230 0.902 1.370 0.619 1.367 1.103 0.450 0.369 June July August October November (1-5) The period 238,420 1 Pekisko Creek at Pekisko, Alta. This station was established October 6, 1911, by L. R. Brereton. It is located on the N.W, M Sec. 8, Tp. 17, Rge. 2, W. 5th Mer., about 200 yards from Mr. Geo. Lane's ranche house and is about twenty-five miles southwest of High River. Discharge measurements are made from a small suspension foot-bridge at high stages and at a wading section near the station in low water. The initial point for soundings is the stream side of the large tree on the left bank to which the end of the bridge is attached. 78" STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 The channel is straight for 200 feet above and 150 feet below the station. Both banks are fairly low, sparsely covered with brush and trees, and liable to overflow in high stages of the stream. The bed is composed of fine gravel. The gauge is a plain staff, graduated to feet and hundredths, spiked to a post driven into the bed of the stream at the right bank about ten feet downstream from the bridge. The zero (elev., 93.90) is referred to a permanent iron bench-mark (assumed elev., 100.00) situated on the left bank 125 feet N. 55° E. from the gauge. The gauge was read once daily by K. R. Pike, Mr. Lane's ranche foreman. As the station was established very late in the season the data obtained was insufficient to compute daily discharges. Discharge Measurements of Pekisko Creek at Pekisko, Alta., in 1911 Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean < Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge Aug. 31 L. R. Brereton do Fett. ..1 42.9 ..1 44.6 5«. fl. 43 4 41.6 Fl. per sec. O.SI 1.19 , 1 Feel. i.46 Sec-ft. 35 2 Oct 6 49 5 Daily Gauge-height in feet of Pekisko Creek, near Pekisko, Alta., for 1911. October. November. 1 1 25 2 1 25 3 1 25 4 1 25 5 1 24 6 .' 1 46 1 46 1.46 1.45 1.44 1 43 1 43 1.41 1.35 1.35 1 35 1 34 1 34 I 32 1 31 1 31 1 31 1 31 1.30 1.30 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 7 1 20 8 9 10 11 12 13 V 14 .: 15 16 7 17 IS 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 . 28 29 30 31 Stimson Creek near Pekisko, Alt.\. This station was established October 6, 1911, by L. R. Brereton. It is located on the S.E. J^ Sec. 14, Tp. 17, Rge. 2, \V. 5th Mer., at the traffic bridge on the surveyed trail running south- west from High River. Discharge measurements are made from the downstream side of the bridge and in low stages a wading section near the station is used. The initial point for soundings is the east side of the first pile at the left abutment. BOW RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN 79 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d The channel is straight for 300 feet above and 200 feet below the station. The current is swift and at low stages the water surface is rough at the station and a short distance above, owing to the presence of rapids. The right bank is high and clear of brush; the left bank is high with a gradual slope and is partly covered by a sparse growth of willows. The bed is com- posed of coarse gra^'el. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is spiked to the upstream side of the first pile bent from the right abutment. The zero (elev., 92.54) is referred to a per- manent iron bench-mark (assumed elev., 100.00 feet) situated on the right bank a few feet up- stream from the end of the bridge. The gauge was read once daily by J. F. Mitchell, a farmer living within 300 yards of the bridge. DiscH.\RGE Me.\surements of Stimson Creek, near Pekisko, Alta., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. Aug. 31 .'. Feet. 27 28.5 Sq.ft. 26.6 32.5 Ft. per sec. 0.49 0.84 Feet. i!i9 ; Sec.-ft. 13 0 do 27 2 Daily Gauge-height and Discharge of Stimson Creek, near Pekisko, Alta. for 1911. October. November. DAT. Gauge Height . Dis- Gauge Dis- charge. | Height, charge. 1 Feet. Sec.-fl. Feet. Sec.-/t. 1 06 24 2 1 05 24 3 1 05 ' 24 4 1 05 1 24 5 1 00 22 6 1 19 1.18 1.16 l.IO 1.05 1.02 1.01 1.06 1 05 1.04 1.03 1.05 1.04 1.04 1.01 1.04 1.06 1.06 1.07 1.05 1.00 1.05 1.06 1.08 1.07 1.07 28 27 27 25 24 23 22 24 24 23 23 24 23 23 22 23 24 24 24 24 22 24 24 24 24 24 1 00 22 7 1 00 22 8 9 10 1 00 22 11 12 1 00 22 13 14 . . 1 00 22 15 1 00 1 22 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 80 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 Mo.NTHLV Discharge of Stimson Creek, near Pekisko, Alta., for 1911. V • (Drainage area, 82 square miles.) Discharge in Second-Feet. Run-Off. Month. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. Depth in inches on Drainage area. Total In acre-feet. Ortober{6-31) . . 28 24 22 22 24.9 22.5 0.304 0.274 0.28 0 15 1 235 November (1-15) 669 The period 0.43 1.904 FiNDLAY AND McDOUGAL DiTCH NEAR HiGH RlVER, ALTA. This station was established on June 17, 1911, by J. C. Milligan. It is located on the S.W. li Sec. 31, Tp. 18, Rge. 29, \V. 4th Mer., and is about four and one half miles west of High River. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and inches, is nailed to a post driven into the bed of the ditch, near the left bank. The zero of the gauge (elev., 99.25) is referred to the top of a stake (assumed elev., 100.00) on the right bank, and 50 feet southeast of the gauge. The channel is straight for 150 feet above and 175 feet below the gauge. The right bank is built up from the excavation of the ditch and is low. The left is clean, high and gravelly. The bed is composed of clay and is not liable to shift. Discharge measurements are made with a meter by wading. The initial point for soundings is a stake on the right bank. The gauge is read by H. Robertson. Discharge Measurements of Findlay and McDougal Ditch, near High River, Alta., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. Tuly 24 Feel. 6 60 Sq. ft. 5.40 1.67 4.36 Ft. per sec. 0.91 0.42 0.65 Feet. 1.25 0.75 1.10 Sec.-ft. 4 89 Aug. 30 do 5.20 6.80 0.70 Oct. 5 do 2 83 Little Bow Ditch at High River, Alta. This canal, about 2000 feet in length, was built by the .Alberta Government to divert water from Highwood river into Little Bow river. This latter stream has a small flow and in dry seasons does not supply sufficient water for domestic and stock watering purposes. Shortly after its construction, the diverting dam was damaged, and the ditch was not used until summer of 1910, when the dam was repaired. The gauging station near High River, on the Highwood river, is below the intake to the ditch, so the discharge of the latter has been added to that obtained for the former to get the total discharge of the main stream. This gauging station, located on Sec. 6, Tp. 19, Rge. 28, \V. 4th Mer., at a traffic bridge, and 100 feet from the power-house of the town of High River, was established August 1, 1910, by J. C. Keith. The gauge is a plain staff, graduated to feet and hundredths, spiked to the cribbing on the left bank. The zero (elev., 91.06) is referred to a bench-mark (assumed elev., 100.00) on the right bank about 60 feet upstream from the gauge. The channel is straight for several hundred feet above and below the station. Both banks are high, clean and steep, cribbed for twenty feet above and below the bridge, and will not over- flow. Discharge measurements are made from the bridge. The initial poin; for soundings is on line with the cribbing on the left bank. The gauge was read daily by Mr. Phillip Weinard. BOW RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN 81 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Discharge Measurements of Little Bow Ditch at High River, .^Ita., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. May 23 Julv 22 R. T. Sailman L. R. Brereton do Feet. ..< 11.3 ..1 8.2 9.4 5«. //. 24.4 4.07 4.72 4.49 Ft. per sec. 1.35 1.55 1.72 1.52 Feel. 2.58 1.42 1.50 1.46 Sec.-ft. 33 0 6.30 Aug. 29 8 13 do ..| 9.0 6 81 Daily Gauge-height and Discharge of Little Bow Ditch at High River, Alta., for 1011. Day. April. May. June. Dis- Gauge Dis- charge. Height. 'charge. Gauge Dis- i Gauge Dis- Height. charge. 'Height, charge. 1 Feet. Sec.-ft. Feel. 1.69 1.53 1.57 1.60 1 60 1.66 1.59 1.59 1.86 1.88 1.89 1 80 Sec.-ft. 9.7 7.6 8.0 8.4 8.4 9.2 8.3 8.3 12.4 12.7 12.9 11 n Feel. 2 40 2 2.44 3 3 24 4 2 50 S 2 60 6 2 75 7 2 65 8 2 60 9 2 62 10 2 60 11 12 2 50 13 1.87 1 12.6 1.79 1 11.1 1.80 1 11.3 1.96 14.3 1.98 14.8 2.23 1 20.8 14 15 2.55 3 ^o 16 17 3.25 .sn 22.70 22 .55 22.30 22.20 22.05 21.90 21.85 21 70 22.07 22.17 22.25 Sec.-ft. 8.256 8.160 Feet. 22.34 22 32 Sec.-ft. 6,584 6.532 9.644 6.740 6.896 10.860 9.780 8.800 8.640 8.010 7.710 7.420 7.000 6.6)0 6,120 5.880 5.760 5.880 5,520 5,104 4,950 4,740 4,840 4.950 4.540 4.350 4.080 4.170 4,440 4,350 Feel. 21 25 21 25 21.10 21 25 21.15 21 15 21.05 21.05 21.00 20.95 20 85 20 80 20 ,85 20.80 20.75 20.75 20 80 20.70 20.65 20.55 20.60 20 55 20.45 20.45 20.45 20 40 20 25 20 25 20.25 20.25 20.20 1 Sec.-ft. Feet. 4,170 20.05 4,170 i 19 95 Sec.-fl. 2.210 2 070 3 4 5 6 7 8 7.9.501 23.36 8.704' 22.40 9.344' 22 46 9.96o' 23.70 10.248 23 to 15.960 23 10 22.780 23.05 19.270^ 22.85 16.400 22 75 14.320 22 65 12.740 22 50 10.320 22.35 9.780 22.15 9.610 22 05 9.888 22.00 ' 9.120 22.05 8.130 21.90 7.S60 21.72 3,900 4.170 3.990 3.990 3.810 3.810 3.720 3.630 3.450 3.3C0 3.450 3.360 3.2S0 3.280 3.360 3.200 3.120 19.95 20.30 20.40 20.18 t 2.070 2.560 2,720 2,392 9. . . 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 2.960 3,040 2,960 2..S00 2.800 2.800 2.720 2.490 2.490 2.490 2.490 2.420 21 22 23 24 25... 26. . . 27... 28.... 29.... 30... 31... . 7.560 7.140 6.480 6.240 5.880 5.520 5.400 5.060 5.928 6.168 6,360 21.65 21 55 21.60 21.65 21.45 21.35 21.20 21 25 21.40 21.35 t No observation, gauge height interpolated, t Gauge frozen, obser\'ations discontinued. Note. — All gauge-heights have been converted into elevation above mean sea level, using C. P. R. datum, but for convenience in printing the table 2.500 feet has been deducted from each. I. D. Monthly Discharge of Bow River near Bassano, Alta., for 1911. (Drainage area. 8000 square miles.) Discharge in Second-Feet. Rvin-Off. Month. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. Depth in inches on Drainage [ area. Total in acre-feet. May 7.950 20.190 17,500 22,780 10,860 4.170 2.720 1.920 7.950 8.160 5.060 4.080 2.420 2.070 4.061 14.669 I0.S33 9.,566 6.363 3.286 2.337 0 508 1 834 1 3.54 1.196 0 795 0 411 0 292 0 59 2.05 1 56 1 38 0 89 0 47 0.07 7.01 June 87 ■> 866 July August 588.190 37S 625 September October 20"? 048 The period 2,985.337 90 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 Miscellaneous Discharge Measurements in Bow River Drainage Basin, in 1911. Hydrographer. Stream. Location. Width. ' Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Discharge. Sept. 20 Oct. 17. Nov. 2 . Nov. 21 Dec. 6... Dec. 18. May 3.. July 14. Aug. 18. Sept. 19 Oct. 20. May 3.. July 14. Aug. IS. Sept. 19 Oct. 20. Jan. 7. . , Feb. 7 . , Mar, 13 , Mar. 14 , Mar, 14. Mar. 14 . . . July 27.... Sept. 4 Sept. 25. . . Apr. 26 Julv IS. . . . July 18.... Aug. 23.... do .. Sept. 27. . . do .. May 3 July 14. . . . Aug. 18.... Sept. 19. . . Oct. 20. . . . Sept. 1 Oct. 7 May 3 July 14.... Aug. IS.... Sept. 19. . . Oct. 20... June 17 July 22. . . . Aug. 29.... Oct. 4 May 3 July 14.... Aug. 18.... Sept. 19. . . Oct. 20... Aug. 31... July 24 Aug. 29.... Oct. 3 H. Brown J. A. Newhall. do do do do H. C. Ritchie. L. R. Brereton do do do H. C. Ritchie. L. R. Brereton do do do H. R. Carcallen do G. H. Whyte & (L. J. Gleeson) do do H. R. Carscallen, L. R. Brereton. do do H. R. Carscallen, L. R. Brereton do do do do do H. C. Ritchie.. L. R. Brereton L. R. Brereton do do do do C. Ritchie.. H L. R. Brereton do do do do do do do H. C. Ritchie.. L. R Brereton do do do do L. R. Brereton. do do Bath Creel£ do do do do do Beaupre Creelc. . . do do do do Bighill Creek do do do do Elbow River do do do do do do do do Fish Creek N. Br.. do Fish Creek, S. Br.. do Fish Creek, N. Br do do S. Br. Grand Valley Crk do Grand Valley Crk. do do Highwood River.. . do Horse Creek do do do do Lineham Spillway do do do Spencer Creek. . do do do do Stimson Creek. . . . Tongue Flag Crk. do do N.E. 32-28-16-5 do do do do do Sec. 15-26-5-5 do do do Sec. do 10-26-4-5 do do do do S.E. 25-23-2-5 do S.E. 15-22-6-5 Sec. 15-22-6-5 Below mouth of Canyon Creek) Sec. 15-22-6-5 i Above mouth of !■ Canyon CreekJ Sec. 15-22-6-5 ] Above mouth o- Canyon CieekJ do do do Sec. 22-22-.3-5 N.E. do S.E. do S.E. do Sec. 22-22-3-5 N.E. do S.E. do Sec. 24-26-5-5-. do Sec. 13-26-5-5. Sec. 24-26-5-5. do Sec. 16-18-2-5. S.W. 16-18-2-5 Sec. 8-26-4-5. . do do do do N.W. 6-19-28-4 do do do Sec. 17-26-5-5. do do do do Sec. 14-17-2-5 S.W. 19-19-28-4 do do Feet. 36.5 35 2 34 5 34.5 33.0 34.0 5.5 8.30 7.50 11.00 11.40 12.3 11.3 11.4 55 0 50.0 44.0 45.0 96.0 107.5 74.0 19.5 16 0 23.0 36.0 17.2 19.7 36.7 X 9.7 10.2 9.6 5.7 143.5 143.5 1.5 9.7 5.0 4 0 6.4 9.0 7.80 7.90 7.60 9 80 9.70 9.80 27.0 8.7 10 6 10.9 SQuare-ft, 26 90 20.38 16.93 14 28 13.12 12.20 2.23 3.95 2.32 6 04 6,82 9.50 6.40 7,97 82.00 85.70 55.55 70.85 94.35 228.57 380 67 208.71 10.63 10.84 26.82 38.82 14.07 24.41 41.67 5.43 9.95 5.88 2.46 159 93 151.47 0.60 2.81 0.98 0 74 3.66 6.30 4.16 5.40 4.87 7.70 7.35 7.19 26.65 2.64 3 34 4.19 Fl. per Sec. 2.62 1 715 1 624 1.4S 1.506 1.105 0.31 0.65 0.22 0 97 1.05 1 30 1.00 0 46 1 097 1.123 2.044 1.200 2.58 3.83 2.04 0.882 0.63 0.78 1 03 1.20 0.93 1 05 0.97 1.39 0.97 0 89 2.59 2.49 0.60 0.43 0.18 0.14 1.11 1.49 1.63 1.68 0 55 0.91 0.64 0.61 0.49 0.96 30 575 Sec-ft. 70.50 34 94 27 .W 22 90 19.76 13.99 Dry. 0.69 2.56 0.51 5.88 7.18 12.50 6.43 3.71 89.98 96.22 113.45 113.51 92.56 589.59 1459.56 425.28 9.38 6.85 20.80 39.98 16.85 22.81 43.79 1.5 5.28 13.81 5.73 2.19 401 99 376.98 t 0.36 1.22 0.18 0.10 3.7 9.40 6.79 9.05 xl.OO 2.67 7.59 4.72 4.40 13.03 2.55 4.35 6.60 • Creek frozen solid. X Approximate. X Too small to gauge. LITTLE BOW RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN 91 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Miscellaneous Discharge Measurements of Mineral Water Springs near Banff, Alta., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. 1 Stream. Location. Width. Area of Section. Discharge. July 13 July 13 July 14 P. M. Sauder... do do do Kidney Spring Middle Spring Over Flow From (Cave) Upper Hot (Spring) Banff, Alta do do do Sq. Feel. Sec. Feet. 0 078 * 0 256 * 0 293 Aug. 24 ** 0 350 * Discharge measured with a 9 in. weir. *• Discharge measured with two 9 in. weirs. Temperatures of Mineral Water Springs near Banff, Alta., in 1911. Date. Name. LoavLiTY. Hydrographer. : Temperature July 8 Overflow from upper Hot Spring Banff, Alta. . July 11 do July 12 i Feed pipe for swimming Pool L^pper Hot I Springs July 12 ! In well at Upper Hot Spring July 12 , Kidney Spring July 15 : Swimming Basin near Cavc July 15 Sulphur Spring above Cave July 15 Iron Spring above Cave July 15 Spring in Cave July 15 : Middle Spring (Upper) July 15 Middle Spring (Lower) July 15 Kidney Springs do do do do do do do do do do do P. M. Sauder. do do do do do do do do do do do 114° 114 114°. F. 114 .25° F. 100 .4° F. 93°. F. S8°. F. 88°. F. 86 .5° F. 94°, F. 94°. F. 100 .5°^ F. LITTLE BOW RI\'ER DRAINAGE B.-\SIN. General Description. The source of Little Bow river is a spring in the Town of High River in Sec. 6, Tp. 19, Rge. 28, \y. 4th Mer. From here it flows in a southeasterly direction for one hundred miles and empties into Belly river. In the first few miles, the natural flow is dependent entirely on a number of small springs and coulees which are dry most of the year, but later is augmented by the flow from iVlosquito Creek, which drains the south and westerly part of the drainage basin. There is a comparatively large flow in this stream during the spring freshets, but during summer it would under natural conditions dry up. There are a large number of ranchers and settlers on this stream, and it is ver\' important that there should be a good flow for domestic and stock-watering purposes. For this reason, the Provincial Government has constructed a canal and diverts water from Highwood River into Little Bow River whenever required. Mosquito Creek near Nanton, Alta. This station was established August 1, 1908, by H. C. Ritchie. It is located at a traffic bridge, about four miles from Nanton, on the road from Nanton to Cayley. The bridge is on a road diversion on Sec. 30, Tp. 16, Rge. 28, W. 4th .Mer. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is fixed in a stilling box in the left bank, a few yards upstream from the bridge. It is referred to two spike-heads '" '^'!S,^°"'^ side of the bridge pier at the right bank of the stream; elevation, 11.47. The channel is straight for about 175 feet below the station, then curves to the left. Above the station the channel cur^-es slightly to the left for about 500 feet, then it turns sharply to the left. The right bank is low near the water's edge, but is high a few feet from it. Sand and mud No. 25d— 4 92 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 19 i: are deposited on this bank in high water. The left bank is high, and is of solid clay with a few boulders. There is only one channel at low water. The bridge piers divide the stream into three channels at flood stage. Discharge measurements are made from the bridge at high-water and flood stages. The initial point for soundings is the north end of the bridge. The current is very sluggish at the bridge during low water, and during this stage discharge measurements are made at wading sections, some distance above or below the bridge. During 1911, the gauge was read daily by G. S. Caspell, who lives about 1,200 feet north of the bridge. DiscH.\RGE Measurements of Mosquito Creek near Nanton, Alta., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge I Height. ' Discharge. Apr. 19 May 8 June 1 June 19 July 8 July 25 Aug. 14 Aug. 30 Sept. 27 Oct. 24 J. E. Degnan do A. W. P. Lowrie.. do do do do do do N. M. Sutherland. Feel. 15.0 14.0 14.8 13.6 14.0 10.7 25.3 24.3 25.4 24 3 Sq.ft. 10.03 3.81 6.94 3.10 4.59 2.20 21.81 17.70 21.69 19.26 Ft. per sec. 591 755 03 38 76 0.69 0.S2 0.34 0.58 0.50 Feet. 2.78 2.38 2.61 2.30 2.45 2.34 2.66 2 56 2.71 2.64 Sec.-ft. 5.93 2.88 1.52 11 30 5 97 12.65 9.66 Daily Gauge-height and Discharge of Mosquito Creek near Nanton, Alta., for 1911. April. May. June. July. D.\T. Gauge Height. Dis- Gauge Dis- charge .Height . i charge . Gauge Height Dis- charge. Gauge Height . Dis- charge. 1 Feet. 2.23 2.23 2.23 Sec.-ft. 1 Feet. 0.4 : 2.35 0.4 i 2.32 Sec.-ft. 1.8 13 Feet. 2.46 2.46 2 46 2 46 2 46 2.45 2.43 2.42 2 42 2.34 2.26 2.20 2.34 2.36 2 36 2 34 2 34 2 15 2 14 2 12 2.10 2 15 2 33 2 30 2 32 2 35 2.40 2.42 2.46 3 05 Sec.-ft. 3.9 3.9 3 9 3 9 3.9 3.6 3.2 3.0 3.0 1.6 0.7 0.2 1.6 2 0 2.0 16 1.6 0 2 0.1 0 1 0 1 0.2 1.5 10 1.3 1.8 2.6 3.0 3.9 5.5 Feet. 2.71 2.65 2.50 2.45 2.45 2 45 2 39 2.34 2.37 2.39 2.46 2.44 2.43 2.42 2.42 2.41 2.42 2.35 2.44 2.42 2.38 2.35 2.30 2.25 2.22 2.20 2.17 2 14 2.11 2.15 2.21 Sec.-ft. 14.0 2 10 0 3 0 4 2 ,30 10 4.7 4 2.33 0.4 2 30 10 2.23 0.4 2.30 1.0 3.6 5 3.6 6 2.23 0.4 2.25 2.23 0.4. 2 25 2.66 , 8.1 ; 2.25 2.76 1 17 0 1 2 24 2.85 26.0 2.24 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 OS 3.6 7 2.4 8 16 9 2.1 10. - 2.4 11 - 2.85 2.75 2.65 2.65 2.70 2.60 2.57 2 62 2.57 2.57 2. 54 2 54 2.50 2.50 2.48 2.47 2.51 2.51 2.46 2 44 26.0 j 2.24 3 9 12 . . 16.0 2 24 0.5 3.4 13 10.0 3 06 10 0 3 02 13.0 2.54 7.8 2.54 6.9 2 75 57.0 50.0 5.9 5.9 16.5 3.2 14 3 0 15 3.0 16 , 2.8 17 3.0 18 . . . 8.8 2 59 7 5 69 2 52 5.3 6.9 1 2.46 , 3.9 5.9 i 2.47 4.1 5 9 2.49 4.5 4.7 ' 2.67 ' 11.4 4.7 2.70 13.0 4.3 2.70 13.0 1.8 19 3 4 20 . . . 3.0 21 2.3 22. . . 1.8 23 1.0 24..::;: ;::..:::.:...: 0.6 25 0.4 26 4.1 2.52 50 2 57 5.3 6.9 0.2 27 0.2 28 . . 5.9 2 60 1 7.g 3.9 2 62 1 8.S 3.4 2.64 1 9.9 0.2 29 0.1 30. . 0 2 31 2.60 7.8 0.3 LITTLE BOW RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN 93 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Daily Gauge-height and Discharge of Mosquito Creek near Nanton, Alta., fcr 191! . — Con. August. September. October. November. DAT. Gauge Height. Dis- charge Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height Dis- charge. Gauge Height . Dis- charge . Feet. 2.25 2.28 2.27 2.25 2.30 2.70 2.80 2.85 2.91 2.90 2.87 2.84 2.74 2.61 2.57 2.55 2.53 2.52 2.51 2.49 2.48 2.47 2.46 2.45 2.40 2.42 2.44 2.46 2.43 2.40 2.45 Sec.-fl. 0 6 0.8 0.8 0.6 1.0 13 0 20.0 26:0 32.5 31.0 28.0 24 0 16 0 8.3 6.9 6 2 5.6 5.3 5.0 4.5 4 3 4.1 3.9 3.6 2.6 3.0 3 4 3.9 3.2 2.6 3.6 Feel. 2.35 2.34 2 39 2.49 2.68 2.81 2.76 2.79 2.68 2 59 2.55 2.51 2.48 2.46 2.44 2 42 2.47 2 47 2 47 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.55 2.57 2 55 2.55 2.55 2.55 2.53 2.50 Sec.-fl. 1.8 1.6 2.4 4.5 12.0 21.0 17.0 19.0 12 0 7.5 6.2 5.0 4.3 3.9 3.4 3.0 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.7 4.7 4.7 6.2 6.9 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 5.6 4.7 Feel. 2.30 2.56 2.58 2.60 2.61 2.57 2.55 2.55 2.54 2.54 2.53 2.52 2.51 2.50 2.50 2.45 2.45 2.46 2.45 2.46 2.46 2.46 2.47 2.51 2.54 2.38 2.44 2.46 2.48 2.50 2.50 Sec.-fl. 4.7 6 6 7.2 7.8 8.3 6.9 6.2 6.2 5.9 5.9 5.6 5.3 5.0 4.7 4.7 3.6 3.6 3.9 3.6 3.9 3.9 3.9 4 1 5.0 5.9 2.3 3 4 3.9 4.3 4.7 4.7 Feel. 2.50 2.52 2.53 2.53 2.54 2.55 2.60 2.66 2.69 2.66 2.64 2.64 2.64 2.64 2.64 Sec.-fl. 4 7 o 5 3 3 5.6 4 5 6 5 5 9 6 6 2 7 8 7.8 10 9 9 12 5 10 . 10 9 11 9 9 12 13 14 15 16 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9 17 18 19 20 21 23 24 26 28 30....: :....:::..::::::::::::::::;:: 31 Monthly Discharge of Mosquito Creek near Nanton, Alta., for 1911. ( Drainage area, 1S3 square miles.) Discharge in Seconp-Feet. Run-Off. Month. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. Depth in inches on Drainage area. Total in acre-feet. April Mav 26 0 57 0 5 5 14 0 32 5 21.0 8.3 12.5 0.4 0.5 0.1 0 1 0.6 1.6 2 3 4.7 7 10 .039 8 21 .045 2 16 .012 2 77 ' .015 8.85 1 .048 6.34 ' .035 5.02 1 .027 8 33 ' .046 04 05 .01 .02 .06 .04 .03 .03 422 SOS 129 170 544 377 Julv .August October ; 239 2 695 The period 1 ■■ 1 , Nanton Creek near Nanton, .^lta. This station was established August 3, 1908, by P. M. Sauder. It is located at George Topper's farm, near Nanton. It is on Sec. 20, Tp. 16, Rge. 28, \V. 4th Mer., and almost directly west of Mr. Topper's stable. The gauge, which is a plain staflf graduated to feet and hundredths, is driven vertically into the bed of the stream, at the left bank. It is attached bv braces to posts in the bank. The bench-mark is the top of a hub (wood stake with iron capl on the right bank, about 75 feet south-east from the gauge; elevation 17.82 above the zero of the gauge. 94 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1913 This stream follows a very crooked course, but the channel is nearly straight for about 125 feet above and about 75 feet below the gauge. The banks are well defined but not high, and may overflow in e.\cessi\e floods. They are composed of cla>- and covered with tough sod. The bed of the stream is composed of gravel, not liable to shift, and- free from vegetation. Discharge measurements are made by wading at or near the gauge. At flood stage, dis- charge measurements may be made at Mr. Topper's bridge, about 1,000 feet downstream from the gauge. During 1911, the gauge was read by Mr. George Topper. Discharge Measurements of Nanton Creek, near Xanton, Alta., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. Apr. 19 Feet. 1 Sq.ft. J. E. Degnan 6 0 1.90 Ft. per sec. 0 437 0 383 0 63 0 33 Feel. \ Sec.-ft. 5 18 0 83 May 8 do 3 8 1.85 6 31 3 48 5 13 n 71 A. W. P. Lowrie 80 do 7 4 5 54 .I IS 3 97 1 13 July 8 Hn 7 6 5 08 4 26 7 66 6 50 8 36 7 97 0 61 1 5 42 3 11 July 25 1 flo 7 6 0 46 1 12 0 88 1.02 0.90 5.24 5.91 5.73 5 85 .1 77 1 98 Aug. 14.. do 7 5 8 60 Aug. 30 do 7.0 5 71 Sept. 27..... Oct. 24...; do 7 4 8 49 N.M.Sutherland 7 0 7 16 Daily Gauge-height and Discharge of Nanton Creek near Nanton, .■Mta., for 1911. April. May. June. Julj r. Dis- charge. Day. Gauge Height Dis- charge Gauge Dis- Height charge Gauge Height Dis- charge. Gauge Height. 1 . Feet. 5 05 5.20 5 20 5.15 5 10 5.02 5 02 5.02 5.20 5.30 5.40 5 30 5 03 5 05 Sec.-ft. 0.30 1.10 1 10 0.82 0 55 0.15 0 15 0 15 1 10 1.75 2.55 1.75 0 20 0 .SO Feel. 5.00 5.00 5 00 5 00 5.00 5.00 3 00 5 00 5.00 5.00 5.00 3 00 3 05 3 73 3.43 6 03 5 40 5 30 5 20 5.15 5 05 5 05 5 40 5 60 5 70 5.80 5 84 5.88 5.85 5.65 5.60 Sec.-ft. 0 05 0 05 0 05 0 05 0 05 0 05 0 05 0 05 0 05 0.05 0 05 0 05 0 30 6.60 3 02 10 9 2 55 1 75 1 '0 0.82 0 30 0.30 2 55 4 65 5 90 7.30 7.88 8 46 8.02 5.27 4.65 Feet. 3.50 5 40 Sec.-ft. 3 50 2 55 ; Feet. ] Sec.-ft. 1 5 70 1 S 90 2 5 90 ' 8 75 3 5 43 2 R4 5 55 ' 4 OS 4 5 30 1 75 5.30 j 1.75 5.30 ' 1.75 5 30 1 1.75 3 25 ; 1 42 3 25 1 42 5 45 3 02 5 5 43 , 3 02 6 ■ 5.40 5.35 5.25 5.25 5.25 5 25 5 25 2 53 7 ; 2.15 8 1 42 9 1.42 10 3.25 5.20 1.42 1.10 1 42 11 1.42 12 5 20 1 in 1 47 13 • 3 30 1 75 5.25 , 1.42 14 5 40 5.40 5 30 5 20 2 35 2.55 1.75 1 10 5 25 . 1 42 13 5 05 0 30 5.20 5.20 5 20 5 20 1.10 16 5 09 5 09 5 09 5 10 5 09 5 09 5 10 5 09 5 08 5.10 5 09 5.00 5.05 5 06 5.03 0 50 0 50 0.50 0.55 0.50 0.50 0.55 0.50 0.45 0.55 0.50 0.03 0 30 0.33 0.20 1 10 17 1 10 IS 5 05 0 30 5.05 0 m 1 10 19 5.20 1 10 20 5.05 5 10 5 15 0.30 0.55 n 82 5 30 1 1 7S 21 .; 5.30 5.25 5.25 5 25 5.28 5.25 5.30 5.30 5 30 1 73 22 ...rr. ..... 1 42 23 5 20 i.io 5 20 1.10 5 55 4 08 1.42 24 ,. . . 1 42 25 : 1.62 26 „ 5 40 5 35 2.55 2 15 1 42 27 1 75 28 ■;....... ■. 5 98 9 91 1 75 29 6.55 18.3 5.85 1 8.02 1 T.'i 30 3 30 ' 1 75 3i; :....: 5 30 1 7i ■ •• 1 LITTLE BOW RIVER DRAIXAGE BASIN SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Daily Gauge-height and Disch.\rge of Nanton Creek near Nanton, Alta., for 1911. — Con. 95 Day. August. September. October. November. Gauge Dis- i Gauge Dis- Gauge Dis- ■ Gauge Dis- IHeight. charge . Height . charge. ;Height. charge. Height . charge. Fell. Sec.-ft. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15., 16.. 17.. 18.. 19.. 20., 21., 22., 23. 24. 25. 26. :27. 28., 29., 30.. 31.. 5.32 I 5.33 5.35 i 5.35 ; 5.60 ; 5.95 6.90 7.50 6.65 6.30 6 15 6 05 6.00 5.94 5.90 I 6.00 5.90 5.90 , 5.85 1 5.85 I 1 6.00 ' 5.95 5.85 5.83 I S.85 6.20 5.90 5.87 5.75 5.70 , 5.65 ' 1.91 1.99 2.15 2.15 4.65 9.47 23 3 32.5 19.8 14.6 12.4 10.9 10.2 9.33 8.75 10.2 S 75 8.75 8.02 8.02 10.2 9.47 8.02 7.74 8.02 13.1 8.75 8.32 6.60 5.90 5.27 Ftet. ! Sec-ft. Feet. \ Sec.-ft. Feel. Sec.-ft. 5.69 5.68 5.73 6.65 6.60 6. 55 6.35 6.05 5.95 5.93 5.74 5.73 5.91 5.92 5.82 5.80 5.84 5.88 5.91 5.95 5.95 5.93 5.85 5.82 5.78 5.75 5.78 5.65 6.32 19.8 19.0 18.3 15.3 10.9 9.47 9.18 8.17 7.74 7.30 6.60 6.46 I 6.32 8.89 9.04 7.59 7.30 7.88 8.46 8 89 9.47 9.47 9.18 8.02 7.59 7.02 6.60 5.75 6 93 6.05 5.95 5.83 5.83 5.80 5.75 5.75 5.75 5.75 5.75 5.75 5.75 5.71 5.71 5.71 5.72 5.72 5.72 I 5 73 5.73 5.73 5.75 5.62 ; 5.85 6 02 6 02 6.10 6 10 6 10 6.60 24.00 10.9 9.47 7.74 7.74 7.30 6.60 6.60 6.60 6.60 6.60 6.60 6.60 6.04 6.04 6 04 6.18 6.18 6.18 6.32 6.32 6.32 6.60 4.90 8.02 10.5 10.5 11.7 11 7 11.7 6.06 6.06 5.98 5.95 5.95 5.95 5.iB5 5.67 5.67 5.67 5.67 5.69 5.69 5.69 5.69 11.1 11.1 9.91 9.47 9.47 9.47 5.27 5.52 5.52 5.52 .52 .78 .78 .78 .78 Monthly Discharge of Nanton Creek near Nanton, .Mta., for 1911. (Drainage area, 44 square miles.) Discharge in Second-Feet. Run-Off. Month. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. Depth in inches on Total in Drainage acre-feet, area. 2.55 10.90 18.30 8.75 32.50 19.80 24.00 11.10 0 20 0.05 0.30 1.10 1.91 5.65 4.90 5.52 0.627 i 0 014 2.67 ; 0.061 2.71 I 0 062 2 08 0 047 9 65 0.219 5.92 0.134 8 10 1 0 184 7.40 0.168 May 0 07 1 164 Julv 0.05 0.25 0.15 0 21 October .IQfi November (1-15) The period i Miscellaneous Discharge Measurements in Little Bow River drainage basin, in 1911. 1 Date. i Hydrographer. Stream. Location. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity, Discharge. June 28 J. C. Milligan. . . Mosquito Creek. . . Snake Creek N.E. 8-16-1-5.... N.E. 17-16-1-5.. . Feet. X X Sq. Feel. Fl. per Sec. Sec. Feet. 0.78 do ... do 0.454 X Weir measurement. 96 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 OLDMAN RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN General Description. Oldman river, one of the principal tributaries of the South Saskatchewan River, is formed in the Livingstone range of the Rocky mountains by the junction of four small rivers, viz., Livingstone, Northwest Branch, West Branch and Racehorse Creek, and Hows in a southeasterly direction to near Cowley, where it is joined by the Crowsnest and Southfork rivers. Between Cowley and Kipp, where it empties into the Belly River, the Oldman river is augmented by numerous small rivers and creeks, its course being easterly and northerly. It drains the area bounded on the north by the parallel of latitude through 50° 20', on the south by the parallel through 49° 20', and on the west by the Great Divide, this area being estimated to contain about 2, 23.5 square miles, with topography var\ing from mountainous to rolling prairie. The bed of the river is of rock and gravel, and has a large fall with consequent swift water, interspersed with falls and rapids, but it changes to quicksand and mud after reaching the prairie region where the current is more sluggish. The flow of this river, draining as it does mountain ranges with peaks extending above the snow line, is subject to great changes, caused by melting snow and heavy summer rains in the mountains. Floods occur regularly in both May and June, the one in June generally rising higher and lasting longer. From this time on, however, the flow is normally steady, but grad- ually decreases until the minimum is reached during January and Februan.'. The precipitation throughout the basin, consequently, is quite large. Though almost entirely under cultivation, where practicable, this area has little need of irrigation. Owing to the depth of the valley and its steep rocky banks irrigation from this river would be enormously expensive, if not altogether impossible, but there are many excellent power-sites at its falls and rapids. Up to the present, no power has been developed on this river, but investigations with that end in view are being made. Discharge Measurements of Burton Ditch, at N.W. 36-11-1-5, (Alta.), in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. 1 ! Discbarge. Oct. 13 J. C. Milligan Feel. Sq. ft. Fl. per sec. Inches. O'-IH' 0'-2Ji- 0--3 - 0'-3Vi' Sec.-ft. 0.0689* Oct. 13 do 0.224 * Oct. 13 do 0 2714* Oct. 13 do 0.3226* • Weir measurement. Discharge Measurements of Burton Ditch River at S.W. 1-12-1-otAlta.), in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discbarge. Oct. 13 J. C Milligan Feel. Sq./I. Ft. per sec Inches. O'-l- 0'-2>^' 0'-3H- 0'-3H- Sec.-ft. 0.03.t* Oct. 13 do 0.260* Oct. 13 0.414* Oct. 13 do .' . 0.630* * Weir measurement. Trout Creek at Stevenson's Farm. This station was established May 14, 1909, by H. C. Ritchie. It is located at the traffic bridge on the road allowance east of the S.E. }i Sec. 12, Tp. 12, Rge. 28, VV. 4th Mer., and is about seven miles southwest of Claresholm. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is fastened to the left abutment of the bridge. It is referred to a bench-mark on top of the outer, downstream pile of the same abutment, (elevation, 7.99 feet above the zero of the gauge). Plate No. 16. Looking East into '' The Gap " on OUlman River. Taken by F. H Peters. Plate No. 17. Dam Site on Oldnian River near " The Gap ", looking down stream. Taken by F. H. Peters. OLDMAN RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN 97 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d The channel is straight for sixty feet above and fifty feet below the station. Both banks are low, wooded, and liable to overflow during high water. The bed of the stream is sand and gravel. The current is fairly swift. Discharge measurements are made from the bridge during high water, the initial point for soundings being on line with the inner face of the left abutment. During low water the stream is waded at the same section. During 1911, the gauge was read by Mr. John Stevenson. Discharge Measurements of Trout Creek at Stevenson's Farm, Alta., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. 1 Gauge Height. Discharge. Apr. 18 May 5 Feet. 28.2 28.2 28.5 28.4 28.3 28.5 Sq.ft. 15.75 12.78 31.02 21.39 19.71 45.97 32.19 Ft. per sec. j 0.698 0.611 : 1.72 1 1.14 : 0.92 i 2.01 1.48 Feel. 0.95 0.83 1.50 1.20 1.13 1.98 1.48 ! Sec.-fl. 11.02 do 7.81 May 31 A. W. P. Lowrie 53 42 June 17 do 24.50 July 7 do 18.27 Sept. 23 .... do 92.21 Oct 20 N. M. Sutherland 1 47.64 Daily Gauge-height and Discharge of Trout Creek at Stevenson's Farm, .Mta., for 1911. March. April. May. June. Day. Gauge ' Dis. Height. 1 charge. Gauge Dis- Height. charge. ( Gauge ' Dis- Height., charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feet. Sec.-fl. Feel. ' Sec.-ft. •1.02 1 14.8 •1.05 16.7 •1.08 , 18.6 1.10 19 2 Feel. • .82 .80 • .83 .85 • .85 .85 • .85 • .85 .85 .85 • .85 .85 1.05 1.18 •1.40 1 63 Sec.-ft. 6.2 5.2 6.2 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.7 25.1 41.4 fin i Feet. •1.57 1.60 1.65 •1.55 1.5S 1.52 1.50 •1.47 1.44 1.40 •1.37 1.35 •1.33 1.30 •1.26 •1.23 1.20 •1.16 1.12 •1.12 •1.11 1.11 1.11 1.34 1.40 1 30 1.20 1.20 •1.20 1.21 Sec.-ft. 55.3 2 57.8 3 53.7 4 53.7 5 •1.05 1.00 16.7 1.1 fi 53.7 6 51.2 7 • .95 11.1 .90 8.6 * 95 11 1 49.6 8 47.1 9 44.7 10 1.00 •1.00 1.00 • .96 • .93 .90 • .92 • .94 .95 • .97 1.00 •1.02 13.6 13.6 13.6 11.6 10.1 8 6 9.6 10.6 11.1 12.1 13.6 14 8 41.4 11 39.1 12 37.5 13 35.9 14 33 6 15 30.7 16 28 6 17 1.45 ! 45 5 •1 37 1 39 1 1 30 1 33.6 1.28 1 32.2 1 22 27.8 •1.26 30 7 1.31 .34 4 1.34 36.7 1.40 ! 41.4 •1.43 43 9 1 45 45.5 •1.39 40 6 1.34 36.7 •1.43 43.9 1 53 52.1 26.4 18 23 8 19 21.1 20 21.1 21 20.5 22 'l 04 ^e. 1 20 5 23 ' •1.01 14.2 • 98 1!! 6 20 5 24 33 6 25 j .93 .95 • .94 • 92 .90 • .86 11.1 11.1 10.6 9.6 8.6 7.2 41 4 26 i 33 6 27 1.00 13.6 1.00 13.6 •1.00 , 13.6 •1.00 ' 13.6 1.00 13.6 26 4 28 26 4 29 26 4 30 27 1 31 98 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 Daily Gauge-height and Discharge of Trout Creek at Stevenson's Farm, AUa., for 1911. — Continued. July. Day. Gauge Dis- August. Gauge ■ Dis- September. Gauge Height charge .Height . charge' Height Feet. 1 *1.24 2 1.25 3 1 18 4 1.16 5 1 .20 6 1 'IIT 7 1.13 8 I »1 . 12 I 9 •! 11 , 10 1 11 11 '. 1.13 12 I 1.13 13 ! 1.11 14 *1.09 15 » , 1.07 See.-ft. 28.6 30.0 25.1 23.8 26.4 24.4 Feet. 1 Sec.-ft. 23 ,20 12 .12 23 I IG. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. »1.03 1.02 »1.02 1.03 •1.02 1.01 1.00 1.00 *1.05 1.10 1.10 21.1 20.5 20.5 21.8 21.8 20.5 19.2 17.9 17.9 17.9 17.3 16.7 16.1 15.5 14.8 14.8 15.5 14.8 14.2 13.6 13.6 16.7 19.8 19.8 *1.81 2 40 »2 40 2.40 2.30 •2 25 2 20 *2 14 2.09 2.12 »2.04 *1.97 1.90 1 70 •1.66 •1.63 1.60 •1.57 1.53 •1.56 1.59 •1.55 1.52 •1.47 •1.42 1.37 28.6 26.4 21.1 21.1 28.6 76.4 132. 132. 1.32. 123. 118. 113. 107. 103. 106. 97.9 91.3 84.8 66.5 63.0 60.4 57.8 55.3 52.1 54.5 57 0 53.7 51.2 47.1 43.0 39.1 Feet. 2.55 2.65 2 50 2.60 •2.65 October. Dis- Gauge i Dis- charge.'Height, charge. Set.-fl. 37.5 37.5 77.4 123. 104. 146. 156. 142. 151. 156. 2 70 161. 2.60 1 151. •2 50 I 142. 2.40 I 132. •2.36 128. •2.32 •2.28 •2.24 2.20 •2.15 •2.10 •2.05 2.00 •2.00 2.00 •1 95 1.90 1.90 •1.82 1.74 124. 121. 117. 113. 108. 104. 9S.8 94 1 94 1 94.1 89.4 84. 8 84.8 77.4 70.1 •1.74 •1.75 1.75 •1.74 •1.72 1.70 •1.65 1.60 •1.60 •1.60 •1.60 •1.60 1.60 •1.57 1.55 •1.53 1.50 •1.49 •1 48 1.47 Feel. Sec.-fl. 70.1 71.0 71.0 70.1 68.3 66. S 62.1 57.8 57.8 57.8 57.8 57.8 57.8 55.3 53.7 52.1 49.6 48.8 48.0 47.1 •1.48 48.0 1 50 49.6 1.46 46.3 •1.43 43 9 •1.40 41 4 1.37 39.1 •1.40 41.4 •1.43 43.9 •1.45 45.5 1.48 48.0 1.38 39.8 ♦ No observation. Gauge-height interpolated. Monthly Discharge of Trout Creek at Stevenson's Farm, Alta., for 1911. (Drainage area, 168 square miles.) Discharge in Seconi>-Feet. Run-Off. Month. Maximum. Minimum . Mean. Per square mile. Depth in inches on Drainage area. Total in acre-feet. 13.6 19.2 •60.4 57.8 30.0 132.0 161.0 71.0 13.6 7.2 5.2 20.5 13.6 21.1 37.5 39.1 13.6 12.5 25.7 36 1 19.4 72 4 111.0 53.8 .081 .074 .153 .215 .116 .431 .661 .320 .02 .08 .17 .24 .13 :I2 .37 135 744 May ,.. 1,5S0 June '. T 2.148 July : 1.193 4.4.12 6.605 October 3.308 1 20.165 OLD MAN RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN 95> SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Trout Creek at Lockwood's Ranxhe. This station was established on July 7, 1911, by A. W. P. Lowrie. It is located on Sec. 33, Tp. 11, Rge. 28, W. 4th IVIer., and is about ISO feet from Mr. Lockwood's house. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is fastened to the stump •of a tree on the right bank. The zero of the gauge (elev., 90.30) is referred to a notch in a tree about seventy feet downstream (assumed elev., 100.00). The channel is straight for eighty feet above and seventy feet below the gauge. The right bank is wooded and may overflow during high water. The left bank is wooded and low. The bed of the channel is stony, and not liable to shift. Discharge measurements are made by wading about twenty feet upstream from the gauge. The initial point for soundings is a post on the left bank. The gauge was read by Mr. Barr, who lives on Mr. Lockwood's ranche. Tables of daily and monthly discharge for 1911 have not yet been computed. These will be finished during 1912 and published with the records for that year. Discharge Measurements of Trout Creek at Lockwood's Ranche, Alta., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discbarge. July 24 Aug. 12 .\ug 29 Sept 25 Oct. 20 A W. P. Lowrie Feet. 29.20 41.90 30.30 41.0 28.0 Sq.ft. 24.98 51.70 37.39 44.26 39.92 Ft. per sec. 0.64 2 24 1.04 2.03 1.14 Feet. 3 45 4.63 3.90 4.45 4.00 Sec.-ft. 16 10 do do 39 09 do S9 98* N. M.Sutherland 45.50 * Gauged 600 ft. below regular station. MuDDYPOUND Creek at Hart's Ranxhe. This gauging station, located on the S.W. U Sec. 27, Tp. 11, Rge. 28, W. 4th Mer., at the foot-bridge on L. O. Hart's ranche, was established July 27, 1908, by H. C. Ritchie. The gauge is a plain staff, graduated to feet and hundredths, placed at the left bank fifteen feet upstream from the bridge. It is referred to a bench-mark on an iron iron pin near a post 35 feet northeast of the gauge; elevation 8.94. The channel is straight for 30 feet above and 110 feet below the station. Both banks are high, clayey, and liable to overflow in extreme floods. The bed is of clean gravel. The current is fairly swift. Discharge measurements are made from the bridge in high water, the initial point for sound- ings being marked at the left end of the bridge. In low stages the creek is waded about 100 feet upstream. During 1911, the gauge was read by Mrs. M. E. Hart. Discharge Measurements of Muddypound Creek at Hart's Ranche, Alta., in 1911. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. May 6 May 18 May 30 June 17 July 7 July 24 Aug. 12 Aug. 29 Sept. 25 Oct. 20 J. E. Degnan do A. W. P. Lowrie. . do do do do do 'do N. M. Sutherland Feet. 13.80 14.0 13.30 13 90 7.00 6.40 14-00 13.80 14.00 14.00 Sq.ft. 10.00 10.41 11.48 9 53 1,99 1.51 14 33 11.30 17-44 13.6 Ft. per sec. 0.359 0 415 0.38 0 32 0.79 1.01 0.97 0,70 1 31 0.84 Feet. 2.18 2.20 2.29 2 13 2.13 2.10 2.55 2 32 2 81 2 44 Sec.-ft. 3 59 4 32 6 70 3.08 1.58* 1 53 13.92 7.86 22.80 11.38 • 25 yards above gauge rod. 100 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 Daily Gauge-height and Discharge of Muddypound Creek at Hart's Ranche, Alta., for 1911. March. April. May. June. Dav. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height . Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feet. Sec.-fl. Feet. 2.30 2.30 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.12 2.12 2.13 2.13 2.13 2.15 2.15 2.20 2.30 2.30 2.20 2.15 2.14 Sec.-ft. 7.20 7.20 4.25 4.25 4.25 4.25 1.53 1.53 1.53 1.53 1.53 1.53 1.53 1.53 1.53 1.53 1.53 2 07 2.07 2.35 2.35 2.35 2.89 2.89 4.25 7.20 7.20 4.25 2.89 2.62 Feel. 2.13 2.13 2.12 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.08 2.05 2.05 2.05 2.05 2.05 2.20 2.30 2.50 3.00 2.65 2.30 2.25 2.25 2.20 2.15 2.12 2.30 2.30 2.30 2 27 2.25 2.25 2.21 2.15 Sec.-ft. 2.35 2.35 2.07 1.53 1.53 1.53 1.32 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02 4.25 7.20 13.20 28.90 17.70 7.20 5.72 5.72 4.25 2.89 2.07 7.20 7.20 7.20 6.31 5.72 5.72 4.54 2.89 Feet. 2.15 2.15 2.16 2.16 2.15 2.15 2.15 2.15 2.15 2.15 2.12 2.12 2.10 2.10 2.06 2.05 2.07 2 07 2.06 2.06 2.05 2.05 2.20 2.25 2.25 2.06 2.06 2. OS 2 20 2.17 See.-ft. 2.89 2 2.89 3 3.16 4 3.16 5 2.89 6 2 89 7 2.89 8 2.89 9 2.89 10 2.89 11 2.07 12 2.07 13 1.53 14 1.53 15 1.12 16 1.02 17 1.22 18 1 1.22 19 . . 1 1,12 20 2.55 2.55 2.30 2.30 2.30 2.30 2.30 2.30 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.30 14.70 14.70 7.20 7.20 7 20 7.20 7.20 7.20 5.72 5.72 5.72 7.20 1.12 21 1.02 22 1.02 23 1.02 24 5.72 25 5.72 26 1.02 1.02 28 1 32 30 4 25 3.43 OLD MAN RIVER DRAIN. ACE BASIN 101 SESSIONAL PAPER N*. 23d D.ULY Gauge-height and Discharge of Muddypound Creek at Hart's Ranch:;, Alta., for 1911. — Continued. July. August. September. October. November. DAT. Gauge Height Dis- charge. Gauge Height Dis- charge. Gauge Height Dis- charge Gauge Height Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis charge 1 Feel. 2.20 2.09 2.08 2.08 2.06 2.05 2.05 2.05 2.04 2.04 2.03 2.02 2.00 2 00 2.00 1.98 1.98 1.98 1.98 1.98 1.98 1 98 2 00 1.98 1 97 1.97 1.97 1.97 1.96 1.97 1.97 Sec.-ft. 4.25 1.43 1.32 1.32 1.12 1.02 1.02 1 02 0.91 0.91 0.81 0 71 0 50 0.50 0.50 0.45 0.45 0.45 0 45 0 43 0.43 0 43 0 50 0.45 0.42 0.42 0 42 0 42 0.40 0 42 0.42 Feel. 1 99 2 04 2.00 1.99 1.96 2 03 2 54 2 70 2.55 2.53 2.52 2.50 2.50 2.30 2 50 2 30 2 50 2.50 2.40 2.40 2 40 2 33 2 33 2.30 2.30 2.30 2.28 2.28 2.25 2.24 2.24 See.-ft. 0.48 0.91 0.50 0.48 0.40 1.02 17 4 19 2 14 7 14.1 13.8 13.2 13.2 13 2 13 2 13 2 13 2 13.2 10.2 10.2 10 2 8 70 8.70 7.20 7.20 7.20 6 61 6.61 5.72 5.43 5.43 Feel. 2.24 2.24 2 23 2.23 •3.65 2.85 •3.22 3.20 3.00 3.00 3 00 3.00 3.00 3 00 2 98 2 93 2.92 2.90 2.87 2.85 2.83 2 85 2 80 2.78 2.76 2.73 2.71 2 70 2.65 2.60 Secfl. 5.43 5.43 5 14 5.14 50.33 24.00 .36.16 33.30 28.90 28.90 28.90 28.90 28 90 28.90 28 24 27.20 26 26 23.60 24.64 24.00 24 00 24 00 22.40 21.76 21.12 20.16 19.52 19.20 17.70 16.20 FeeL 2.50 2.52 2.50 2.30 2.50 2.49 2 46 2.45 2.45 2.44 2.44 2.42 2.40 2.40 2.40 2 40 2.40 2.39 2.39 2.38 2.36 2.36 2 33 2.33 2.34 2.34 2 33 2.33 2.33 2.32 2.32 Sec.-ft. 13 20 13 80 13 20 13.20 13.20 12.90 12 00 11 70 11.70 11.40 11.40 10 80 10 20 10.20 10 20 10 20 10.20 9.90 9.90 9.60 9 00 9.00 8.70 8.70 8.40 8.40 8.10 8.10 8.10 7.80 7.80 Feel. 2.31 2 31 2 30 2.30 2.28 2 28 2.28 2 27 2 27 2 27 2.27 Sec.-ft. 7.30 2 7.30 3 7.20 4 7.20 5 6.61 6 6 61 7 6 61 8 6.31 9 6 31 10 ....i* 6.31 11 6.31 13 . 15 16 17 18 .... 19 20 21 22 23 24 27 29 31 • Heavy rain. Monthly Discharge of Muddypound Creek at Hart's Ranche, Alta., for 1911. (Drainage area. 43 square miles. ) Discharge in Secon-d-Fbet. Ri;n-Off. Month. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. Depth in inches on Total in Drainage acre-feet. area. March (20-21) 14 7 7.2 28 9 5.72 4 25 19.2 50.35 13 8 7.5 3.72 1.53 1.02 1 02 0.40 0 40 5 14 7.8 6.31 8 OS 3 12 3 28 2.30 0.79 8. 86 24 4 10 4 6.77 0 19 0 73 0.12 0.033 0.018 0.206 0 567 0 242 0 157 0 08 0 81 0.14 0.59 0.21 0 24 0.63 0.28 0.06 192 0 April 185 6 May 325 0 June 137 0 July 49 0 September 1 432 0 October 640 0 November (1-11) 148 0 The period 3673 6 Willow Creek near Macleod. This station was established July 1, 1909, It is located at the traffic . _ _. bv H. C. Ritchie, bridge on the S.W. Ji Sec. 25, Tp. 9, Rge. 26, \V. -Ith Mer. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is fixed in a stilling bo.x about 3(X) yards upstream from the bridge and near Mr. McLean's stable. It is referred to a bench-mark on a post 150 feet north of the gauge; elevation, S. 41. 102 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912. The channel is straight for about GOO feet above and below the station. The right bank is high and wooded. The left bank is low, wooded, and liable to overflow in high-water stages. The bed of the stream is of clean gravel. The slope is uniform and the current swift. Discharge measurements are made from the bridge during high stages, the initial point for soundings being marked on the downstream hand-rail on a line with the face of the north abut- ment. During low stages the river is waded at the same section and when very low, at the gauge. During 1911, the gauge was read daily by Jas. R. McLean. Discharge Measurements of Willow Creek near Macleod, Alta., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. Apr. 13 May 2. May 26. June 12. July 4. July 20. Aug. 5. Aug. 28. Sept. 19. Oct. 19. J. E. Degnan do A. W. P. Lowrie.. do do do do do do N. M. Sutherland Ftel. 64.0 61.0 98 5 80 6 75.8 55.0 68.0 98.6 105.2 76 0 SQ.fl. 104.21 96 30 166 45 134 21 121.92 78.75 100.9 149.59 221.10 116.9 Ft. per sec. 1.092 1.067 1.900 1 .550 1.230 0.800 1 180 1 630 2.220 1.440 Feet. 89 2 11 2 40 3.06 2.34 Sec.-ft. 113.88 102.77 314.77 209.0& 150. 5» 63.39 119.53 243.21 490.67 168.65 Daily Gauge-height and Discharge of Willow Creek near Macleod, Alta., for 1911. March. April. May. June. D.A.Y. Gauge Dis- Height. charge. Gauge Dis- Height. charge. 1 Gauge ' Dis- Height. charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feel. Sec.-ft. Feel. 1.70 1.60 1.55 1.65 1.70 1 65 1.60 1.90 1.97 2.01 2.00 2.10 1.96 1.90 1.86 1.86 1.85 1.84 1.87 1.85 1.82 1.96 2.01 2.05 2.07 2.10 2 17 2 20 2 12 2 06 Sec-fl. 48.0 37.0 33.5 42.5 48.6 42 5 37 0 73.0 84 2 90.9 89.5 108.0 82.6 73.0 67.8 67.8 66.5 65.2 69 1 66.5 62 6 82.6 90 9 98.5 102.3 ' 108 0 124.0 131.0 113.0 100.0 Feet. 1.95 1.87 1.85 1 83 1.84 1.83 1.84 1.87 1.90 1.87 1.85 1.84 1.92 2 00 2.20 2.24 3.10 3.70 2 90 See.-ft. 81.0 69.1 66.5 63.9 65.2 63.9 65.2 69.1 73.1 69.1 66.5 65.2 76 2 89.0 131.0 142.0 513.0 881.0 409 0 Fat. 3 00 2.95 2.95 2 85 2 75 2.66 2.60 2.53 2.50 2.45 2.38 2.30 2 28 2 40 2 25 2 22 2 20 2 13 2.08 2 04 2.04 2.02 2.02 2.20 2.20 2.25 2.25 2.23 2.25 2.26 Sec.-ft, 460 2 .. 434 3 434 4 .. 385 5 •. 338 6 7 8 297 269 24& 9 . 228 10 209 11 . . 184 12 15S 13 153 14 190 15 144 16 136 17 131 18 115 19 104 20 2.90 409 0 96.6 21 2.70 2.50 2.55 2.56 2.58 2 58 2 55 2 66 2 66 2 66 2.80 315.0 228.0 248.0 253.0 261.0 261.0 248 0 297.0 297 0 297.0 361.0 96.6 22 2.65 2.65 2.60 2.55 2.40 2.40 2.25 2 00 1.90 1.80 292 292 269 248 190 190 144 89.0 73.0 65.0 92.8 23 92.8 24 131 25 131 26 144 27 144 28 139 29 144 30 147 31 OLDMAN RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN 103 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 23d Daily Gauge-height and Discharge of Willow Creek near Macleod, Alta., for 1911. — Con. July. August. September. October. November. DAT. Gauge Height. Dis- ' Gauge charge. {Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge 1 Dis- Height. chrage. 1 Feet. 2 25 2.25 2.23 2 20 2.15 2 10 2.05 1.95 1.95 1.94 1 93 1.87 1.84 1.82 1.78 1.75 1.72 1.74 1.75 1.74 1.74 1.73 1 72 1,72 1.70 1.70 1.68 1.67 1.65 1 68 1.68 Sec.-fl. 144 144 139 131 120 108 98.5 81.0 81.0 79.4 77.8 69.1 65.2 62.6 57.6 54.0 50 4 52.8 54 0 52.8 52 8 51 6 50.4 50.4 48.0 48 0 45.8 44.7 42.5 45.8 45.8 Feet. 1.70 1.75 1.85 1.90 1.96 2.25 2 45 3 10 4 35 4.00 3.70 3.40 3 10 2 90 2.70 2 70 2 85 2 70 2.55 2 50 2.45 2 40 2 35 2.30 2.25 2 23 2.20 2 26 2.24 2 20 2.18 Sec.-ft. 48.0 54.0 66.5 73.0 82.6 144 209 513 1312 1078 881 689 513 409 315 315 385 315 248 228 209 190 174 158 144 139 131 147 142 131 126 Feet. 2.16 2.15 2.12 2 35 4.60 4.50 4 50 4.15 4 05 3.92 3.75 3 65 3 44 3.20 3.10 3.00 3 00 2.90 2.83 2.75 2.73 2 70 2.75 2 72 2.70 2 67 2.65 2.63 2.60 2.56 Sec.-ft. 122 120 113 174 148 1413 1413 1178 1114 1024 914 848 714 570 513 460 460 409 375 338 329 315 338 324 315 301 292 283 269 253 Feet. 2 56 2.53 2 50 2 50 2.45 2.40 2.35 2 30 2.30 2.30 2 27 2.27 2.25 2.23 2.20 2.18 2.16 2.14 2.10 2.10 2 10 2 10 2.08 2.08 2.05 2 03 1.70 1 75 1.80 1.90 1.95 Sec.-ft. 253 240 228 228 209 190 174 158 158 158 150 150 144 139 131 126 122 117 108 108 108 108 104 104 98.5 94 7 48 0 54.0 60 0 73 0 81.0 Feel. 1.95 1 96 2 04 2 05 2.20 2 20 2,23 2 25 2 25 2.27 2 30 2.33 2 35 2 35 2.35 Sec.-fl. 81.0' 2 ■. 82 6 3 96 6 4 98.5 5 131. 6 131 7 139. 8 144 9 144 10 150. 11 158 12 168 13 174 15 174 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 24 26 27 28 29 30. 31 Monthly Discharge of Willow Creek near Macleod, Aha., for 1911. (Drainage area, 1005 square miles.) Discharge in Second-Feet. Run-Off. Month. i Maximum. Minimum,! Mean. I Depth in Per square , inches on ' Total in mile Drainage acre-feet. I area, March (22-31) April 292 131 881 460 144 1.312 1.413 253 174 65 33,5 63.9 92.8 42,5 48 113 48 81 185 76.9 211 199 72.5 309 515 136 136 .184 .076 .209 ! .198 1 .072 .305 ; .512 ' .135 .135 \ .07 .08 .24 .22 .08 .35 .57 .16 1 .08 1 3.669 4,576 12.974 11.841 4.458 1.900 30.645 8.362 4.047 May June July August September October November (1-15) The period 82,4?e Oldman River near Macleod, Alta. This station was established on Julv 12, 1910, by H. C. Ritchie. It is located at the traffic bridge on the N.W. 14 Sec. 10, Tp. 9, Rge. 26, W. 4th Mer. The gauge is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, fastened to a crib protecting the pier near the right bank. It is referred to a bench-mark on spikes in a wooden bent, 93 feet east of the gauge; elevation, 11.96. IW STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 The channel is straight for 400 feet above and 1000 feet below the station. Both bank> are low, wooded and liable to overflow in extreme high water. The bed is composed of clean gravel, and shifts durini; high-water stages. The current is swift, especially during high water. Discharge measurements are made from the bridge, the initial point for soundings being at the left end of the hand-rail on the downstream side. During 1911 the gauge was read by Mrs. Walter Jackson. The tables of daily and monthly discharge for 1911 have not yet been prepared, but will be compiled during 1912, and published with the records for that year. Discharge Measurements of Oldman River, near Macleod, Alta., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Sectioo. Mean Velocity. Gauge Discharge. Height. May 4 J. E. Degr do A. W. Lov do do do do do N. M. Sut do do Ftel. 273.5 80.0 293.0 402.0 260.0 180 0 106 6 104 5 117 5 102 0 102 0 Sq. fl. 819.36 252.80 1,041.57 1 1,715 89 ; 768 11 ' 401 75 395 10 363 63 492.53 357.10 322.70 Fl. per sec. 3.087 2.251 4.890 5.690 4.330 4 140 4 060 3 620 5 4150 3 190 1.780 Fee 5. 3. S. I: 4. 4. 3 5 3. 3. I. 36 19 34 SO 34 Sec.-fl. S.119 37 May 15 5,960 50 May 26 5.096 96 i:i 9,769.70 July 3 3,325 86 July 19 15 H3 35 31 77 54 1.665 03 5 1.603 42 Aug. 28 1.314 70 19 2,689 .86 Oct. 18 1,140 86 Dec. U 573.65 Mean Daily Gauge -HEIGHT, in feet, of Old man River nea - Macleod , Alta , for 1911. DAT. March. April. May. June. July. August. Sept. ... Nov. Dec. 1 3 55 3.52 3.50 3 42 3.36 3 30 3 25 3.20 3 20 3.30 3.40 3.30 3 25 3 20 3 19 3.17 3.25 3 .50 3.90 4 25 4.60 4.80 5 20 5 40 5.41 1 5.85 ! 6.05 ' S.60 5.35 1 5 30 1 5.25 1 8.25 5.22 ' 8.35 5.22 8.55 5 45 8.35 5.80 : 8.20 6 45 8 16 6 35 7 88 6.15 7.85 5.75 7.80 5.65 1 7.16 5.50 1 7.25 5.55 1 7.53 5.65 7.80 5 80 7.90 7 20 7.65 9 40 7 35 8.75 7.20 5-45 5.42 5.45 5.32 5.25 5.15 5 M 4.15 4 35 4.55 4.45 4.37 4.30 4.20 4.20 4.20 4.19 4.19 4.15 4.13 4.10 4.08 4 06 4 03 4.00 3.95 3.85 3.83 3.82 3.80 3.82 3-85 3.89 3.89 3 89 4.08 4.19 4 25 5 25 6. 55 6.20 5.67 5.35 5 15 4.87 4.75 4.53 4.45 4.36 4 29 4.25 4.12 4 05 4 01 3 95 3.87 3.80 3.89 3.85 3 79 3.69 3.58 3 .53 3 50 3 46 4 92 7-60 1 7.50 1 7 35 6.89 6 70 6.55 6.50 '• 6 45 6-28 5 90 5.75 5.65 5 50 ! 5.30 5 04 5 01 4.99 4 97 4 95 4 90 4.79 4.70 4.62 4,58 4.55 4 51 1 56 4 40 4 37 4 32 4.29 4.25 4.20 4 15 4 10 4.05 4.01 3.95 3 95 3 90 3.87 3.80 3 77 3.75 3 69 3.64 3.59 3.55 3 51 3 48 3.45 3.40 3.36 3.25 3 22 3.20 3 20 3 20 3 20 3.20 3 20 3.20 3.22 3 25 3.25 3 25 3.25 3.25 3 25 3.25 3 25 4.75 4.85 5.15 5.36 4.50 4.42 4.35" 4.29 4.19 4 15 4.10 4.05 4.03 3,92 3 79 3 55 3 .■;.■> 2 4 07 3 4 10 4 4 15 5 4 13 6 i 4 lU 7. 4.07 8 4 02 9 3 95 10 3.85 11 3.77 12 3.70 13 3.60 14 3 59 15. 16 17. 3.56 1 3.51 3.45 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 3 69 3.67 3.65 7.69 7.02 6.10 1 6 40 . 6 37 6.32 6 23 6.10 5.85 5.80 5.91 6.10 6.55 7.17 7 02 6 65 6 32 6.14 6.12 6.12 6 30 6.80 6 45 6.20 5.12 5.25 5.40 3.39 3 35 3.35 3.55 3.80 4.20 4.2« 25 3.60 3.58 3.55 3.50 3.48 3.65 3.61 4 21 26 4 21 27» 4 50 28 4.70 29 4.89 30 5.10 5 20 oldman river drainage basin 105 SESSIONAL PAPEiR N». 25d Fischer Creek at Pincher Creek. Under the direction of Arthur O. Wheeler, a regular gauging station was established on Pincher Creek at Pincher Creek, in the spring of 1S98. On August 13, 1906, J. F. Hamilton replaced the old gauge by a new one. Owing to local improvements the gauge has since been changed, but the station remains in practically the same place as established by Mr. Wheeler. The gauge is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, securely fastened to the break- water on the right bank, about twenty feet below the traffic bridge. It is referred to bench- marks on the north abutment and a low pile underneath the north end of the bridge (elevations 7.75 and 3.40 feet, respectively, above the zero of the gauge). It is read by P. Bertles, who lives on the north side of the creek. During high water, discharge measurements are made from the downstream side of the bridge. At low stages, the creek is waded 450 yards upstream. The channel is straight for about 200 yards above and 300 yards below the bridge. Both banks are high, the right being well cribbed; neither is liable to overflow. The bed is rock and free from vegetation. At the wading section, the channel is straight for about 500 yards above and 70 yards below. Both banks are high, clean and not liable to overflow. The bed is gravel, mixed with heavy gumbo clay. The town of Pincher Creek has a gravity waterworks system which diverts water from the creek at a point about three and one quarter miles above the bridge and the records at this station do not include the water used by the town. The tables of daily and monthly discharge for 1911 have not yet been prepared, but will be compiled during 1912, and published with the records for that year. Discharge Measurements of Pincher Creek, at Pincher Creek, Alta., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. Apr. 22 t J. E. Degnan May 12 | A. W. P. l^w-rie. do do do do ' do do do do 3 June 3. . . 20 Tilly 11 Tiilv 27 Aug. 19 Sept. 2 Sept. 7 Oct 10 Oct. 30 do Teet. 35.50 34.50 45.40 76.00 40.70 36.16 13.80 39.00 19.00 81.00 34.20 33.00 Sq.fl. 30.93 24.85 88.86 77.30 37.23 21.53 13.27 24.42 14.66 116.05 40.22 35.35 Ft. per sec. 2 641 2.320 3.970 4.310 2.420 1.820 1.430 1.610 1.860 4.720 700 300 Feet. 2.15 2 02 3.00 3.00 2.49 2.17 2.00 2.24 2.10 3.65 2.67 2.55 5«. ft. 81.69* 57.70tt 352. 90 J 333.301 90.32 39 29 19.07 39.40 27.13 547.77 68.31 45.791 * 3 point method. t J At foot bridge near regular station. X Gauged at highway bridge. t Gauged 75' ft. below footbridge. 106 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 Mean Daily Gauge-height, in feet, of Pinchcr Creek, at Pincher Creek, Alta., for 1911. DAT. March. April. May. June. July. August. Sept. Oct. Nov. 1 1.78 1.69 1.65 1.91 1.90 1.85 1.87 1.85 1.83 2 02 2.05 1.93 1.90 1.81 1.75 1.77 1.77 1.90 1 90 1.85 1.90 2.02 2.30 1.97 1.97 1.97 1.96 1 96 1.95 1.95 2.03 1.98 2 02 2.05 2.04 2.08 2.10 2.10 2.09 2.00 1.97 1 97 2 38 2.22 3.55 3.60 3.37 2.84 2.81 2.80 2,78 3 02 2 80 2 75 2.70 2.77 3 00 3 05 3.02 2,97 3 06 3.00 3.18 3.02 3.00 2.87 2.82 2.80 2.89 2.90 2.92 2.90 2.90 2.95 2.96 2.91 2.88 2.80 2.76 2.75 2.70 2.67 2.60 2.54 3.62 3.18 2.88 2,80 2 77 2.74 2.64 2.70 2.67 2.65 2.00 2.54 2.50 2.46 2.42 2.38 2.35 2.30 2,24 2,20 2,17 2.12 2 10 2.10 2 OS 2,08 2 05 2.00 2,06 2.06 2.00 2.00 2.03 2.00 2.00 2.03 2 04 2.02 2.07 2.15 2.10 2,00 2.02 2.30 3.85 2.25 2.20 2.12 2.03 1.97 2 70 2.50 2.57 2.60 2.56 2.54 2,51 2 50 2,44 2,40 2.35 2.30 . 2.22 2.20 2.20 2 22 2 20 2 20 2,17 2.15 2.10 2.10 4 60 4.00 4.00 3.90 3.73 3.64 3.60 3 50 3.34 3 27 3.30 3.17 3.10 3.05 3.00 3 00 2.95 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3 00 3.00 2.97 2.97 2.94 2.90 2.90 2.95 3.00 3.00 2.98 2 94 2.91 2.90 2 90 2.88 2.84 2.81 2.76 2.70 2.70 2.74 2.71 2.69 2.69 2.68 2.68 2.68 2.66 2.56 2.52 2.52 2.54 2.54 2.53 2.50 2.50 2 49 2 2 47 3 2 47 4 2 4S 5 2 45 6 2 44 7 2 .45 8.::.:::.:.:::::::::::::: 2 45 9 2 47 10 2 47 11 2 50 12 2 50 13 2 48 14 2 48 15 ;... 2 50 16 ;...• 17 18 i 19 2 i2 2 04 1,94 1.90 1.86 1.80 1.82 1.80 1.76 1.81 1.89 2.00 1.80 20 21 22 23 25 26 27 28 1 29 30 31 SouTHFORK River ne.a.r Cowxey. This gauging station, located at the traffic bridge between Cowley and Pincher on the S.E. }4 Sec. 2, Tp. 7, Rgc. 1, \V. 5th Mer., was established by H. C. Ritchie on ."Xugust 5, 1909. The gauge is a plain staff, graduated to feet and hundredths. It was first fastened to the second pier of the bridge from the left bank, but, owing to this sectior^ changing during floods, was moved to a point about half a mile downstream and securely fastened by braces to supports on the bank. In its present position it is about five minutes walk from the house of Mr. G. \V. Buchanan, who reads it daily, it is referenced by a bench-mark on a tree within twenty feet; elevation 8.33. .^bove the bridge an island divides the river into two channels, this island being submerged during high-water stages. These two channels join about fifty feet upstream from section, but the stream is again divided into three by the piers of the bridge. Owing to the protection of the piers, gravel-bars are formed downstream from the section. The bed of the river is quite rough, requiring e.vtreme care in determining the area of the section. The current is swift, except through the east channel during low stages, when it be- comes very sluggish. Discharge measurements are made from the downstream side of the bridge during both high and low water, the initial point for sounding being marked on the superstructure in line with the face of the abutment on the left bank. The tables of daily and monthly discharge for 1911 have not yet been prepared, but will be compiled during 1912 and published with the records for that year. OLDMAN RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN SESSIONAL PAPEB No. 25d Discharge Measurements of Southfork River, near Cowley, Alta., in 1911. 107 Date. Hydrographer. Width. .\rea of Section. Mean \'eiocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. Feb. Feb. \V. H. Green, do Mar. 21 J. E. Degnan. Apr. 7 do Apr. 27 do June 5 t do June 21 f A. W. P. Lowrie. . July 12 ' do July 28 do Aug. 21 do Sept. 12 1 do Oct. 11 1 N. M. Sutherland. Nov. 4 do Nov. 30 do Dec. 14 do Feet. 55. /(. Ft. per sec. Feet. Sec.-fl. "7.0 88.00 1 010 3 33 89.16 358 65 0 610 3.51 219.71 7S.0 157 75 1 353 2 95 212.78 81.0 161 13 1 190 2.28 191.77 205.0 415.14 3.818 3.70 1,584.82 248.0 738.10 5 910 5.10 4,367.76 221 S 539.60 4 890 4.15 2.640.76 181 .0 299 35 3 220 3.09 964.94 100.0 222.05 2,480 2 62 551.69 10S.2 242 58 2 370 2.74 575.49 235.0 571.85 4 850 4 30 2,776.27 109.0 234.69 2.390 2.76 561.33 97 0 173.17 1 900 2.37 329.84 40.0 111.50 2 010 3.45 224.68 54.0 111.41 1.710 3.125 190.39 Mean Daily Gauge-height, in feet, of Southfork River near Cowley, Alta., for 1911. DAT. April. May. June. July. .\ugust. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16... 3.40 3.45 3.45 17.... 3.35 3 56 ' 3 45 18.... 3.30 3 50 3 38 19... 3 25 3 45 3 25 20... 3 13 3 26 3.10 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 3 20 3.30 3.50 3 45 3 55 3 49 3.55 2.87 2 75 2 67 2 55 2.45 3.25 3.50 2 35 3.20 3.44 I 2.38 3.35 3.45 2 40 3.35 i 2 40 3.30 2.40 3.30 2 38 2.45 2.28 2.26 2.30 2.34 2 35 2.35 2.28 2.25 2.25 2.35 2.52 2.55 2.68 2.86 3 10 3 15 3.30 3.40 I 3.70 I 3 30 3.30 3 20 3.07 3 03 3.07 3.06 3.11 3.30 3.50 3.85 3.70 3 60 3 45 3 35 3 30 3.25 3.40 3.40 3.40 4.40 3.85 5.00 3.70 , , 5.40 3.60 5.40 3.55 5.05 3.45 4.70 3.45 4.65 3.35 4 SO 3 30 4.70 3 30 4.80 3 20 5 00 5.30 5.40 5.30 5.30 4.15 4.15 4.10 4 50 4.85 3.10 3.90 3.05 3 05 3.05 2.69 2.75 2.70 2.70 2.68 2 74 3.55 3 75 3 65 3.55 3.45 3.25 3 00 3 15 3.05 2 46 2.45 2.45 6 00 5.20 4 90 4.50 4 45 4 .50 4 30 4.30 4 30 4 20 4.15 3 95 3.05 3.03 3 00 2 95 2.90 2.90 2.85 2.80 2.80 2.83 2.85 2.80 2.75 2.70 2.67 2 80 2.75 2.80 2.70 2.68 2.65 2.60 2.62 2 55 2 70 2.65 2.74 2.70 2.64 2.60 2.60 2.60 2.65 2.55 2,50 2.50 2.48 3.25 3.22 3.22 3.10 3.05 2.45 2.45 2.40 2.36 2.33 2.30 2.30 5.15 5.10 5.10 2.55 3 80 2.50 3.65 2.40 3 50 2.40 3 55 2.42 3.50 2.42 3.40 2.45 3.30 2.44 3.25 2.42 3.33 2 43 3.50 1 2.44 3.40 3.35 3.28 3.12 3.15 3.13 3.15 3.15 3.10 2.97 2.60 3.17 3.20 3 05 3. OS 5,25 5.10 3.08 2.94 3.70 2.65 4.30 3.10 4.50 4.95 3.03 2.85 3 55 2 6.5 4.25 3 05 4.30 4.70 3.00 2.80 3.50 2 63 4 30 3 20 4.10 4.50 2.95 2.75 3.40 2.60 4 10 3 00 3.90 4.35 2 90 2.70 3.30 2.60 3.90 3.50 3 50 3 50 3.40 3.45 3.40 3.37 3.20 3.18 3.20 3.15 3 10 Mill Creek near Mountain Mill. This gauging station, located on the S.W. }i Sec. 18, Tp. 6, Rge. 1, W. 5th Mer., at the abandoned site of the old Government mill nine and a half miles west of Pincher Creek post office, was established July 7, 1910, by H. C. Ritchie. The gauge is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, placed at the left bank. It is referred to a bench-mark on a spike at the northeast corner of the mill (elevation 10.97). The channel is straight for 200 feet above and 300 feet below the station. Both banks are high, clean, rocky and will not overflow. The bed of the stream is of gravel, giving a stable cross-section. The current is swift. Discharge measurements in flood stages are made from the bridge. In normal and low- water stages the creek is waded fifty feet upstream from the gauge, the initial point for soundings being a stake on the left bank. 108 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 During 1911, tlic gauge was read by Mrs. J. McIIquhani. The tables of daily and monthly discharge for 1911 have not yet been prepared, but will be compiled during 1912 and published with the records for that year. Discharge Measurements of Mill Creek near Mountain Mill, Alta., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. Aug. 18. Sept. 13. Oct. 9. Nov. 1 . April 21 J. E. Degnan May 11 1 A. W. P. Lowrie. June 28 do July 10 do July 26 do do do N. M. Sutherland, do Feet. 49.0 45.5 65.5 46.8 36.7 48.0 68.6 40.0 35.5 Sq. ft. 42.37 64.36 105.17 40.01 27.95 36.92 137.29- 36.25 32.76 Ft. per sec. 3.211 2.380 3.260 2.520 1.920 2.730 4.670 2.670 2.040 Feet. 2.57 2.66 2.75 2.25 2.01 Sec.-ft. 136.05* 153.32* 342. 74t 100.98 53.66* 100.85* WlSUt 9C,.71 66.78- * 3 point method. t Gauged at bridge. - Slush Ice. Mean Daily Gauge-height, in feet, of Mill Creek, at Mountain Mill, Alta., for 1911. DAT. April. May. June. July. August. Sept. Oct. Nov. 1 2 3 4 5 6 2.20 2.20 2.18 2.10 2.20 2.10 2.18 2.18 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.18 2.30 2.20 2.35 2.30 2.35 2.37 2.45 2.58 2.80 2.70 2.65 2.80 2.85 2.82 2.70 2.60 2.63 2.58 2.58 2.60 2.60 2.65 2.70 3.00 3.05 2.85 2.85 2.75 2.70 2.70 2.86 2.80 3.00 4.15 3.5(J 3.31 3.15 3.10 3.10 3.50 3.00 2.82 2.80 2.75 2.65 2.65 2.75 3.40 3.44 3.60 3.65 3.60 3 40 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.05 3.10 3.10 3.40 3.22 3.15 3.15 3.10 3.10 2.95 2.95 2.90 2.00 2.00 2.10 2.10 2.20 2.20 2.40 2.40 2.60 2.80 2.80 2.75 2.67 2.65 2.65 2.50 2.40 2.40 2.40 2.35 2.30 2,30 2.20 2.20 2.15 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.18 2.16 2.16 2.10 2.15 2.12 2.12 2.01 2.02 2.05 2.05 2.20 2.30 2.50 3.05 2.85 2.60 2.20 2.30 3.27 3.20 3.05 3.05 2.70 2.60 2.50 2.45 2.40 2.38 2.38 2.30 2.22 2.19 2.22 2.18 2.18 2.16 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.10 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.02 2.02 2.40 4.60 3.70 2.80 2.90 3.40 3.40 3.30 3.39 3.35 3.30 3.20 3.15 3.10 2.80 2.70 2.60 2.49 2.49 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2 30 2.30 2.30 2.30 2.20 2.25 2.30 2.25 2.20 2.20 2.15 2.15 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.05 2.05 2.05 2.05 2.10 2.05 2.05 2.00 2.00 1.95 1.95 1.95 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.05 2.05 2.00 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.95 7 2.00 8 9 10 11 12 13 2.05 2.10 2.30 2.35 2.50 2.95 14 3.10 15 3.30 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Canyon Creek near Mountain Mill. This gauging station, located on the N.E. % Sec. 14, Tp. 6, Rge. 2, W. 5th Mer. near G. Biron's ranche, was established July 6, 1910, by H. C. Ritchie. The gauge is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, placed at the left bank within 75 feet of Mr. Biron's corral. It is referred to a bench-mark on a spike in a tree within fifteen feet; elevation 14.49. The channel is straight for 150 feet above and 30 feet below the station. Both banks are high, wooded and will not overflow. The bed of the stream is as clean gravel and rock. The current is very swift and turbulent. On this account discharge measurements are made about half a mile upstream at the traffic bridge on the road allowance to the Beaver coal mines. OLDMAN RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN 109 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Discharge measurements are made from the bridge during high-water stages, the initial point for soundings being on a line with the face of the left abutment. At ordinary stages the stream is waded about 100 yards downstream, the initial point for soundings being marked by a hub on the left bank. During 1911, the gauge was read by Mr. G. Biron. The tables of daily and monthly dis- charge for 1911 have not yet been prepared, but will be compiled during 1912 and published with the records for that year. Discharge Measurements of Canyon Creek, near Mountain Mill, in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. April 21 1 J. E. Degnan May 11 1 A. W. P. Lowrie. . June 28 | do July 10 1 do July 26 1 do Aug. 18 1 do Sept. 13 1 do Oct. 9 1 N. M. Sutherland. Nov. 1 1 do I Feet. Sg.fl. Ft. per sec. Feel. Sec.-ft. 18.0 28.59 1 1.913 5.27 54.68 IS. 5 19.78 , 1.88 4.98 37.28 18 20 16.52 1.88 4.92 30 08 17 30 10.20 1.07 4.55 10.98 17,00 8.09 0.93 4.37 7.59 17.80 8 94 i 1.00 4.50 8.93 18 4 33 59 2.78 5.50 93 51 18.8 14.87 1 1.70 4.85 25 22 18.0 13. S9 1.12 4.72 15.60 Mean Daily Gauge-height, in feet, of Canyon Creek near Mountain Mill, for 1911. Oct. 1 Nov. 2 3 4 5 ^ 6 7 8 9 10 4 54 11 4 60 12 4 61 13 4 63 14 .. 4 54 15 4 55 16 4 64 17 4 80 18 4 94 19 5 02 20 5 10 21...... 5 30 22 5 45 23 24 5.59 5 35 25 26 27 5.51 5 40 28 5 ''4 29 5 24 30 31 5.23 5.20 5.10 5.04 5.01 4.96 4.95 5 15 5.24 5.58 6.90 6 20 5 90 5 60 5.50 5.40 5.34 5 39 5 34 5.30 5.30 5.40 5 60 5 80 6 08 6.10 5.90 5 75 5.60 5.40 5.33 5 30 5.35 5.25 5.20 5.15 5.15 5.10 5 05 5.10 5.03 5.00 4.94 4 90 4.80 4.79 4.80 4 80 4 74 4.80 5.45 5.10 5.00 4 94 4.85 4.84 4.83 4.78 4 74 4.72 4.68 4 66 4.62 4 60 4.58 4.57 4.54 4.51 4 52 4 51 4.49 4.46 4 45 4 44 4 46 4.45 4.43 4 43 4 42 40 54 53 46 46 4.45 5.00 5.14 5.02 4.94 82 .73 ,64 60 ,56 55 52 ,50 ,49 ,45 44 43 3.5 ! 32 , 32 :u 47 38 4.48 4 48 4 47 4 43 4.40 4.43 4.50 4 45 4 41 4 40 4 33 4.39 4.40 4 49 6 05 6.40 5.30 5.20 o. 15 5.12 5,10 5.05 5.10 5.07 5 14 5.12 5.10 5.05 5 00 5.00 4 97 4 94 4 94 4 95 4.91 4.91 4.70 4 67 4 61 4 61 4.60 6.10 4.86 4.58 6 20 4 85 4 60 6 25 4.84 4 95 6 15 4.83 5.72 5.80 4.82 5.92* 5.78 4.78 5.92* 5 60 4.77 5 92* 5 50 4.77 5 92* 5 40 4,76 5 92* 5.34 4.75 5.92* 4.74 4 73 4.72 4.71 4.70 4.69 4.69 4.68 4.70 4.70 4.72 4.73 4.74 4 63 4 63 4 65 * Top of ice. no STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v.. A. 1912 Oldman River near Cowley. This gauging station, located at a ford on the N.W. \i Sec. 34, Tp. 7, Rge. 1, \V. 5th Mer., and approximately four miles northeast of Cowley, was established by H. C. Ritchie, on Sept. 15, 1908. The gauge is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths. It is securely fastened to a post on the right bank and is connected with the channel by a ditch. It is referenced by two bench-marks, the first on a tree 20 feet upstream (elevation 9.03); the second on a stone 15 feet downstream (elevation 3.32). The discharge measurements are made at the gauge, where a cable station has been erected for use during high-water stages. During low water the river is waded at the same section. The points for soundings are permanently marked by a tagged wire, stretched directly above the cable. The channel is straight for about 900 feet above and 2.50 feet below the section. The bed is of rock and gravel and is free from vegetation. The current has considerable velocity, but flows smoothly to about 150 feet below the section, where it breaks into small rapids. Both banks are high and wooded, neither being liable to overflow. During 191 1, the gauge was read by Mr. Hugh \V. Pettit. The tables of daily and monthly discharge for 1911 have not yet been prepared, but will be compiled during 1912 and published with the records for that year. Discharge Measurements of Oldman River, near Cowley, in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge' Jan. 21 \V. H. Green.. Feb. 16 do Feb. 28 do Mar. 20 do April 6 J. E. Degnan . Apr. 26. May IS June 6. June 23. July 13. do A. \V. P. Lowrte. do do do July 29 do Aug. 22 do Sept. 9 do Oct. 12 N.M.Sutherland. Nov. 2 do Nov. 29. Dec. 15. do do Fed. 15S 140 140 159 36 194 200 197.0 1S8.0 187.0 180.0 188.0 199.0 180.0 140.0 143.0 183. 0 Sq. ft. Ft. per sec. Feel. Sec.-fL 116.7 0.993 2.46 116.82 74 95 1 14 2 95 85.80 79 25 1.22 2 91 96.54 159.82 1.46 2.60 234.02 113.70 1 186 1.03 134.87 335 05 459.0 439 66 360 91 238.33 176 05 232.95 381.5 191.85 133.65 130 54 125.25 3.514 4.99 4.80 4 50 2.72 1.67 2.34 4.15 2.21 1.61 2.26 3.02 2 95 2 55 1 85 1.55 1.85 2.65 1.64 1.28 2 30 2.21 1.177.24 2.290.77 2.108.08 1.623.58 649.19 294.33 545.18 1.575.57 423.19 215 03» 164.74 156.12 * Slush Ice. Todd Creek at Elton's Ranche. This station was established by H. C. Ritchie on August 3, 1909. It is located seven miles northwest of Cowlev, at a private foot-bridge about twentv feet from Cecil Elton's house on the S.W. 1-4 Sec. 19,Tp. 8, Rge. 1, \V. 5th Mer. The gauge is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, driven into the bed of the stream and securely braced to the left bank. It is referred to the top of a stake about ten feet east (elevation (5.70 above the zero of the gauge). It is read by Cecil Elton. The channel is straight for about 55 feet above and 60 feet below the gauge. The right bank is high and wooded and liable to overflow in extreme high water. The left bank is wooded and liable to overflow for about five feet from edge, where it rises abruptly to about six feet. The bed lies in one channel and is composed of clean sand and gravel. The current is inclined to be swift at high stages, but quite sluggish at low. Cecil Elton and Capt. Cardwell have irrigation ditches which divert water at points above this gauging station. Mr. Elton irrigates about 35 acres, and Capt. Cardwell about 90. Very little, if any, water was diverted during 1911. The tables of daily and monthly discharge for 1911 have not yet been prepared, but will be compiled during 1912 and published with the records for that year. OLD MA N RIVER DRA IN A GE BA SIN 1 1 1 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Discharge Measurements at regular stations of Todd Creek at Elton's Ranche, in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Heiglit. Discharge. Apr. 8 April 24 May 17 June 8 June 26 July 14 July 31 Aug. 23 Sept. 8 Oct. 13 J. E. Degnan do A. W. P. Lowrie. do do do do do do N. M. Sutherland Feet. 8.5 18.5 19.7 19. 30 20.0 20.4 19.7 19.70 20.00 21.20 Sq. ft. 4.42 19.87 48.88 32 80 22.78 17.68 17.79 17.49 23.46 21.09 Ft. per sec. 1 063 1,734 3.16 1,92 1.23 1.49 0.77 . 0.67 1.38 .75 Feel. 2,77 3,15 4.25 3 39 3.05 2 75 2,81 2,75 3 07 2,83 Sec.-fl. 4.70 34,47 156 37 63 10 28.09 n 90 13,65 11 76 32 .36 15,78 Mean Daily Gauge-height, in feet, of Todd Creek at Elton's Ranche, for 1911. March. April, j May. j June. July, i August. Sept. ' Oct. '. Nov. 1 2 3 4 5 ?;::::::::::::::::::::::::::::; 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 , 16 17 18 19 20 7.35 21 6 63 22 6 50 23 6 61 24 ■ 6,22 25 1 6.20 26 1 5.21 27 1 5.71 28 5.36 29 \ 5.10 30 ; 4.68 31 1 4.38 ♦Creek frozen 4.21 3.28 3.22 3.21 3.05 2 92 2.72 2.73 3.75 3.42 3.25 3 20 3.00 2.87 2.80 2.82 2.88 2.91 3.05 3.07 3.12 3,14 3,245 3,14 3.15 3.17 3 09 3.01 2,99 2,99 3.38 3.40 3.57 3.56 3 54 3.45 2,76 2,74 2,75 2.74 2.75 2.72 2.69 2.69 2.72 3.03 3,21 3 21 3.27 3.07 2,98 2.90 2,87 2.84 2.83 2.91 2.91 2.93 2.94 ■ 2.93 2.89 2,90 2,93 2.89 2,91 2 95 2.92 2.90 2.90 1 2.75 2.90 I 2 76 2.88 1 2,86 2.88 i 2,86 2.88 ' 2,86 2.88 2 78 2.87 I 2,74 2.83 2.74 2.82 ! 2.81 2.82 2.82 2.83 2.81 2.80 I 2.80 2.80 2,80 2.78 2.78 2.78 2.79 2.78 2'7i"|.!;;!!;; 2.80 2,74 2.78 2 89 2.84 2.84 Cow Creek at Ross's Ranche. A gauging station located on Sec. 12, Tp. 8, Rge. 2, W. 5th Mer., on Abel Brux's farm, was established August 2, 1909, by H. C. Ritchie. In the spring of 1910 Mr. Brux moved away, and, as no other observer was available, Mr. Ritchie established a new station, at John Ross's ranche on the N.E. H Sec. 14, Tp. 8, Rge. 2, W. 5th Mer., on May 26, 1910. The gauge is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, placed at the right bank. It is referred to a bench-mark on the east side of the step at the door on the south side of John Ross's stable (elevation 13.71). The channel is straight for 25 feet above and 40 feet below the station. Both banks are high, wooded and not liable to overflow. The bed is of clean sand and gravel. Discharge measurements are made from a private bridge during high stages, the initial point for soundings being on the left bank. In low water the creek is waded. During 1911, the gauge was read by Mr. John Ross. The tables of daily and monthly discharge for 1911 have not yet been prepared, but will be compiled during 1912 and published with the records for that year. 112 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, lOIt 2 GEORGE v., A. I«I2 Discharge Measurements of Cow Creek, at Ross's Ranche, Alta., in 1911. Date. Hydroerapher. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height Discbarge April S. April 24. May 17. June 8. June 26. July 14. July 31. Aug. 23. Sept. 8 . Oct. 13. Feel. . E. Degnan 6.50 do 9.80 ^. W. P. Lowrie I 10.00 do '■ 9.00 do 9 00 do 9 'K) do 9.20 ■Ao I 8.70 do 9.00 [.M.Sutherland ! 9.00 Sq. ft. 4.00 11.74 18.70 13 43 9 42 C 75 7.32 7.21 10.19 9.51 Fl. per sec. 0.845 1.304 2 520 1 790 1 040 0 550 0 580 0.760 1.320 0.850 Sec.-fl. 3 38 15 31 47.11 24.11 9.77 3.73 4.24 5.48 13.49 8.06 Mean Daily Gauge-Height, in feet, of Cow Creek at Ross's Ranche, .Alta., for 1911. Day. March. April. May. June. July. August. Sept. Oct. Nov. 1 . '. . Feel. .... 5.55 5 15 4 S5 4. SO 4.75 4.75 4.70 4.90 5.25 4.30 3.60 Feet. 3.40 3.25 3.15 3.05 2.70 2.55 2 15 2.05 3.40 3.35 3.30 2.50 2.07 2.00 1.95 2.20 2 15 2.85 2 85 2.20 2.60 2 70 2 50 2.30 2.50 2.45 2 30 2 15 2.15 2.15 Feet. 2.10 2.10 2.15 2.15 2.20 2.30 2.15 2 15 2.15 2.15 2.15 2.10 2.35 2.65 2.70 5.00 3.15 2.90 2.80 2.70 2.65 2.65 2 60 2 70 2.75 2.75 2.85 3 00 2.85 2.70 2.60 Feet. 2 60 2.60 2 60 2 65 2 60 2 55 2.50 2 50 2 45 2.40 2 35 2.30 2.30 2.30 2.30 2.25 2.20 2.15 2.10 2.10 2.10 2 05 2.05 2.05 2.05 2.05 2.05 2.00 2.00 2.00 Feel. 2.00 2.00 1.95 1.85 1.85 1.80 1.80 1.75 1.75 1 70 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.70 ' 1.70 1.70 1.70 I 70 1 70 1 90 1.90 Feet. 1.85 1.90 1.90 2.00 1.90 2.00 2.65 2.30 2.50 2.70 2.15 2.10 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 1.90 1.90 1 80 1.90 1.90 1.85 1.83 1.83 1.85 1.85 1.85 1.80 1.80 1.80 Feet. 1.80 1.80 1.85 2.50 2.50 2.35 2.40 2.30 2.13 2.15 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.03 2.03 2.03 2.03 2.03 2.05 2.03 2 03 2.13 2.13 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.13 2.10 Feet. 2 10 2 10 2 10 2.10 2.03 2 03 2 05 2 05 2 05 2.05 2.05 2.05 2 05 2 05 2.05 2.05 2 05 2 05 2 05 2 05 1.95 1.95 1.90 1.90 1.90 1.90 1.90 1.85 1.85 1.83 1.83 Feet. 1 80 2 1 80 3 1 80 4 .^ l^ 5 ,. 6 : 1 80 7 1 80 8 ".,. 1 73 9 1 73 10 1.75 11 1 75 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20.. 21 22 23 24 25 26 . . 27 28 29 30 31 Connelly Creek near Lundbreck, .\lta. This station was established July 31, 1909, by H. C. Ritchie. It is located at a foot-bridge on the trail in S.E. % Sec. 36, Tp. 7, Rge. 2, W. 5th Mer., and about 100 feet from the mouth of the creek. This stream has a ver\' crooked channel, and it is ver\' difficult to find a suitable place for gauging. For about twenty feet below and above the gauge the channel is practically straight. The right bank is low and liable to overflow at high stages of the stream: the left bank is com- paratively high. Both banks are thickly wooded near the water's edge. The bed is composed of sand and gravel, and is free from vegetation. During high stages, discharge measurements are made from the foot-bridge, the initial point for soundings being a stake on the right bank. During low stages, the current at this point is too sluggish for accurate results, and a wading section about 200 feet upstream is used. As Mr. N. V. Holway, who read the gauge in 1909, was not available, the gauge was not read during 1911. OLDMA N RI VER DRA IN A CE BA SIN 1 B SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Discharge Measurements of Connelly Creek near Lundbreck, Alta., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. April 10 J. E. Degnan Feel. 11.20 12.50 Sq.ft. 7.54 9.10 11.70 4.38 5.21 5.00 5.83 3.82 Ft. per sec. 0.671 1.255 2.401 0.340 0.650 0.590 0.860 1.060 Feet. 2.60 2.70 3.22 2.40 2.45 2.42 2.57 2.59 Sec.-/t. 5.06 11.42 A. W. P. Lowrie 13.15 28.10 Tiitv 14 do 11.70 1.49 July 31 do 12.60 3.36 do .. 12.40 2.93 Sept 8 do 13.30 5.88 Nov. 4 N. M. Sutherland 7.80 4.07 Crowsnest River near Lundbreck, .\lta. This gauging station, located on the N.VV. '4 Sec. 26, Tp. 7, Rge. 2, \V. 5th Mer., at the traffic bridge just north of Lundbreck, was established September 7, 1907, by P. M. Sauder. The gauge is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, placed twenty feet downstream from the bridge and about six feet from the water's edge. It is connected with the channel by a ditch which is kept open by the hydrographer on his periodic trips. It is referred to a bench- mark on a notch in a tree about twenty yards north of the gauge (elevation, 9.74). The channel is straight for 250 feet above and 1,500 feet below the station. The right bank is high, wooded and will not overflow. The left bank is low, wooded and liable to overflow in extreme high water. The bed of the stream is of rock, giving a stable cross-section. The current is swift and torrential. Discharge measurements are made from the bridge, the initial point for soundings being marked on the lower downstream chord, on a line with the face of the left abutment. During 1911, the gauge was read by C.C. Moore. The tables of daily and monthly dis- charge for 1911 have not yet been prepared, but will be compiled during 1912 and published with the records for that year. Discharge Measurements of Crowsnest River near Lundbreck, Alta., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. Jan. 24 W.H.Green do Feet. 54.0 52.0 55.0 53.5 55.0 74.3 71.0 67.5 64.0 60.0 67.0 65.0 Sg. ft. 67.42 129.50 145.95 76.83 79.00 234 34 201.60 155 00 119.90 101 25 152.25 110.95 Ft. per sec. 1.265 0.810 0.770 1.760 1.780 5.710 5.280 4 030 3.030 2.620 4.150 2.070 Feet. 2.82 3.26 3.18 1.65 1.68 3.90 3.50 2.83 2.31 2.05 2.80 2.96 Sec.-ft. 85 320 Feb. 21 105.069 Mar. 1 do 112 190 Mai. 22 ... J. E, Degnan do 135 760 April 10 141 360 May 19 A. W. P. Lowrie. . 1 337 960 do 1,062 280 June 29 do 625 790 July 15 do 364.480 Aug. 24 do 264 810 Sept. 14 do 632.380 Nov. 16 N. M. Sutherland 230 200 lU STREAM MEASUREMENTS. 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 Mean Daily Gauge-height, is Feet, of Crowsncst River, near Lundbreck, Alta., for 1911. Day. Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 1 2 25 2.25 2.25 2.55 2.55 2.53 2.63 2.60 2.45 2.55 2.55 2.70 2.80 2.88 2.89 2.85 2.86 2.85 2.85 2.85 2.86 2.85 2.85 2.85 2.85 2.85 2.82 2.83 2.85 2.85 2.84 2.85 2.85 2.85 2.86 2.80 2 90 2 85 2.85 2.88 2.88 3.20 3.30 3 20 3.20 3.20 3.85 3.85 3.84 3.80 2.84 2.87 2.95 3.40 3.35 3.31 3.30 3.20 2.95 3.20 3.40 3.35 3.20 3.35 3.20 3.25 3.22 3.18 3.12 3.00X 2 9.')X 2.95x 2 95x 2.90x 3.00x 3.00X 3.00X 2.85x 1.73 1.73 1.65 1.70 1.73 1.70 1.63 1.64 1.63 1.66 1.70 1.76 1.73 1.70 1.70 1.60 1.58 1.55 1.65 1.63 1.65 1.68 1.60 1.66 1.66 1.68 1.67 1.76 1.95 1.98 2.10 2.30 2.60 2.95 2.76 3.00 3.20 3.55 3.25 3.00 2.85 2.85 2.80 2 90 2.95 3 10 3.35 3.50 3.15 3.11 3.00 2.95 2.89 2.90 3.15 3.01 3.50 5.50 4.81 3.30 3.95 3.70 3.51 3.36 3.40 3 30 3.19 3.10 3.10 3.25 3.32 3.55 3.75 3.98 4.30 4.36 4 10 3.95 3.65 3.55 3.49 3.40 3.40 3.42 3.50 3.60 3.60 3.50 3.41 3.35 3.28 3.20 3.05 3.00 3.04 3.00 3.00 3.10 3.10 3.00 2.94 2.85 2.80 2.82 2.75 2.70 2.64 2.55 2.55 2.55 2 55 2.50 2.45 2 38 2.35 2 35 2.35 2.31 2.40 2.35 2 31 2.35 2.32 2.25 2 22 2.25 2 25 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.14 2.10 2 19 2.18 2.11 2.15 2.18 2 19 2.19 2.15 2.33 3.20 2.90 2.82 2.70 2.55 2.52 2.40 2.32 2.30 2 25 2.20 2.17 2.14 2.18 2.12 2.10 2.06 2.05 2.12 2.10 2.08 2.05 2 00 1.90 1.89 1.89 1.88 2 90 3.60 3.45 3.30 3 25 3 10 3.00 3.00 2.99 2.92 2.88 2.74 2 70 2.60 2.55 2.50 2.45 2.40 2.40 2.38 2.36 2.35 2.32 2 31 2.32 2.32 2.31 2.30 2.28 2 29 2.28 2 24 2 22 2.20 2.19 2 18 2.15 2.15 2.12 2.12 2.10 2.10 2 10 2.09 2.10 2.08 2.08 2.05 2.00 1.98 2 00 1.95 1.90 1.90 1.89 1.88 1.87 1.87 I 88 2 1 .87 3 1 88 4 1 88 5 1 86 6 1 85 1.86 8 1 85 9 1 83 10 1.84 U , 1 84 12 ..J..- 1.85 13 1.86 14 15 10 19 22 24 , 26 27 28 29 31 X Ice going out. Crowsnest River near Frank, Alta. This gauging station, located at the traffic bridge on Sec. 36, Tp. 7 Rg. 4 W. 5th Mer., was established on July 2S, 1910, by H. C. Ritchie. The gauge consists of a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, placed at the left bank about twenty feet downstream. It is referenced by a bench-mark on spikes driven into a tree-stump within three feet of the gauge (elevation, 9.43). The channel is straight for about 200 feet above the station and for 500 feet below, both banks being high, wooded and not liable to overflow. The bed of the stream is clean gravel. The discharge measurements are made from the bridge during high-water stages, the points for soundings being painted on the lower chord. In low stages the river is waded at the same section. During 1911, the gauge was read by Chas. Richardson. DiscH.\RGE Measurements of Crowsnest River near Frank, .\lta., in 1911. Date. Hydro grapher. Width. Area of Section Mean 1 Velocity. Gauge Height Discharge. Jan. 2 \V. H. Greene Feet. 48.0 50.8 47.6 48.1 54.0 53.0 66.0 71.2 71.1 70.4 66.5 65.6 65.0 66.0 62.0 60.2 Sq.ft. 35.30 42.87 36.70 36.32 50.07 51.64 103.65 150.54 159.77 125 31 97.93 79.91 68.75 93.20 65.17 39.84 Ft. per sec. 1.046 1.197 1.190 1.150 1.510 1 .440 3.696 4 960 4 930 4.020 3.120 2 310 2.360 3.340 2.020 1 1.380 Feet. 3.77 3.95 3.85 3.86 4.10 4 13 4.94 5.75 5.70 5.25 4.82 4 60 4.43 4.81 4.38 3.96 Sec.-ft. 36.94 Jan 25 do . . 51 30 Feb 22 do 43 69 Mar 2 do 41 72 Mar. 23 J. E. Degnan 75.67 April 11 do 74 37 April 29 do 383.16 May 20 A. W. P. Lowrie 747.85 June 9 787.92 June 30 July 17 Aug. 2 do 503.78 do 305.90 do 184.40 Aug. 25 ... do 162.62 Sept. 15 Oct. 16 Nov 9 do 311.42 N. McL. Sutherland do 113.64 55.01 OLD MAN RIVER DRAIXACE BASIN 115 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Daily Gauge-height and Dischaege of Crowsnest River, near Frank, Alta., for 1911. January. Day February. Gauge I Dis- Gauge Dis- Height.: charge. Height, charge. March. Gauge Dis- Height. charge April. May. Gauge I Dis- ' Gauge i Dis- Height.j charge. I Height.J charge June. Gauge ' Di3- Height.l charge. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.. 11. 12.. 13.. 14.. 15.. 16.. 17.. 18.. 19.. 20.. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. Feel. Sec.-fl. 3.78 3.80 3.82 3.82 3.83 3.86 3.90 3.95 3.89 3.93 3.95 3.95 3.95 3.98 3.99 4.00 4.00 4.00 3.99 3.98 3.98 3.97 3.96 3.95 3.95 3.95 3.95 3.95 3.95 3.92 3.92 37 38 40 40 40 43 46 52 45 50 52 52 52 56 57 58 58 58 57 56 56 54 53 52 52 52 52 52 52 48 48 Fat. 3 92 3 93 3.93 3 93 3.93 3.93 3.92 3.92 3.91 3.91 3.90 3.90 3.90 3.90 3.90 3.91 3.91 3.91 3.91 3.91 3.89 3.85 3.85 3.84 3 84 3.85 3.86 3.86 Sec.-ft. Feel. 48 3.86 50 3.86 50 3 86 50 3.86 50 3.85 50 3.85 48 3.85 48 3.85 47 3.86 47 3.86 46 3.86 46 3 82 46 3.81 46 3 81 46 3 85 47 3 89 47 3 92 47 3 97 47 3.97 47 *4.03 45 4.10 42 4.10 42 4.09 41 4.16 41 4.16 42 4.16 43 4.17 43 4.17 4.18 4.18 4.21 Sec.-ft. 43 43 43 43 42 42 42 42 43 43 43 40 39 39 42 45 48 54 54 62 72 72 71 84 84 84 86 86 88 88 94 Feet. 4.20 4.22 4.18 4.14 4.11 4.10 4.08 4.06 4.06 4.10 4.25 4.31 4.45 4.50 4.75 5.20 5.00 5.10 5.26 5.47 5.36 5.25 4.97 4.98 4.99 Sec.-fl. Feel. 92 4.94 97 4.97 88 5.05 80 5.26 74 5.60 72 5.58 69 5.33 66 5 26 66 5.15 72 5.11 78 4.98 76 5.06 74 5.18 72 5.20 76 5.50 104 5.90 119 5.80 161 5.78 178 5.74 273 5.65 492 5.70 388 5.60 438 S.ol 524 5.32 643 5.16 580 5.97 519 5.72 373 5.56 378 5.70 383 5.70 5.90 Sec.-ft. 358 373 413 524 724 711 562 524 465 443 378 418 481 492 660 924 854 841 . 814 756 788 724 666 537 470 973 801 698 788 788 921 Feet. Sec.-fl. 6.38 6 55 6 SO 6.35 6.10 6.00 5 90 5.77 6.77 5.79 5.85 5.98 5.98 5.96 5.90 5.90 5.89 5.81 5 68 5.52 5.39 5.47 5.38 5.51 5.59 5.47 5.38 5.30 5 22 5 25 1.264 1.385 1.349 1.243 1.065 994 924 834 834 847 889 980 980 966 924 924 917 861 775 673 596 643 591 666 718 643 591 546 503 519 116 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 Daily Gauge-height and Discharge of Crowsnest River, near Frank, Alta., for 1911. — Con. July. August. September. October. December. Day. Gauge Dis- Gauge Dis- Gauge Dis- Gauge Dis- Gauge Dis- Gauge Dis- Height. charge. Height. charge. Height. charge . Height. charge . Height. charge. Height. charge. Peet. Sec-fl. Feet. Stc.-fl. Feet. Sec-fl. Feet. See..ft. Peet. Sec-fl. Feel. Sec-fl. 1 .V20 492 4.59 209 4.35 130 4.51 181 4.23 99 4.09 71 2 5.15 5.08 5.00 4.91 4.98 5.00 465 428 3S8 343 378 388 4.60 4.60 4.59 4.58 4.59 *4.80 212 212 209 205 209 294 4.35 4 36 5.80 5.58 6 31 5.25 130 133 854 711 552 519 4.50 4 .50 4 49 4.49 4.49 4.48 178 178 175 175 175 171 4.21 4.21 4.20 4.20 4.20 4.20 94 94 92 92 92 92 4.05 4.06 4.08 4.10 4.12 4.14 65 3 66 4 69 5 72 6 76 7 80 8 4.94 358 *5.00 388 5.10 438 »4 47 168 •4 10 72 4.15 82 9 4.90 338 5.18 481 5.00 388 *4.45 161 3.96 53 4.15 82 10 4.85 316 5 00 388 5.00 388 •4.43 154 3.86 43 4.12 76 11 4.81 298 4.91 343 5.00 388 *4 42 150 3.84 41 4.10 72 12 4.79 290 4.79 290 4.99 383 »4 42 150 3 81 39 4 09 71 13 4.79 290 4.75 273 4.96 368 *4 44 157 3.77 36 4.08 69 14 4.77 281 4.68 244 4.86 320 •4.42 ISO 3.79 37 4.08 69 15 4.79 290 4 67 240 4. 82 303 4.40 144 3.85 42 4 09 71 16 4.82 303 4.60 212 4 77 281 4 39 141 3.89 45 4.04 64 17 4.82 303 4.58 205 4 70 252 4.37 136 3.92 48 4.00 58 18 4.80 294 4.50 178 4 67 240 4 36 133 3.96 55 3.97 54 19 4.78 286 4.49 175 4.61 216 4.35 130 4.02 61 3.95 52 20 4.75 273 4.50 178 4.60 212 4 33 124 4.05 65 3 97 54 21 4.71 256 4.50 178 4.60 212 4 32 122 4.09 71 3 98 56 22 4.69 248 4.46 161 4.59 209 4.31 119 4.14 80 3.99 57 23 4.67 240 4.43 154 4 57 202 4 30 116 4.16 84 4.03 62 24 4.62 220 4.43 154 4.56 198 4 29 114 4.18 88 3.98 56 25 4.62 220 4.43 154 4.55 195 4.28 111 4.18 88 3.95 S2 26 4.59 209 4.45 161 4.55 195 4 26 106 4.14 80 3.96 53 4.56 198 4.43 154 4.54 192 4 26 106 4.09 71 3.99 57 28 4.57 202 4.40 144 4 55 195 4 25 104 4 05 65 3.96 .53 29 4.57 202 4.38 138 4,54 192 4 24 102 4.05 65 3.94 51 30 4.60 212 4.37 136 4.53 188 4.24 102 4.09 71 3.92 48 31 4.55 195 4.35 130 4.23 99 •3 91 47 • Gauge height interpolated. Monthly Discharge of Crowsnest River near Frank, Alta., for 1911. Drainage area. 170 square miles. Discharge in Second-Feet. Ritn-Off. Month. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. Depth in inches on Drainage area. Total in acre-feet. 58 1 37 50 ! 41 94 1 39 643 66 973 358 1.385 503 492 195 481 130 519 130 181 99 99 1 36 82 47 50.3 46.1 58.1 224.0 642 0 85.5 297.0 220.0 306 0 135.7 68.5 63 4 0 296 0.271 0.342 1.340 3 780 5.030 1.750 1.390 1.800 0 798 0 403 0.373 0.34 0.28 0.39 1.50 4 36 5,61 2 02 1 60 2 01 0.92 0 45 0.43 3.093 2.560 March 3.572 13.329 May 39.475 50.876 July 18.262 13.527 September 18.208 October 8.344 November 4.076 3,898 179.220 1 Crowsnest River near Coleman, .\lt\. This gauging station, located on the S.W. }i Sec. 12, Tp. 8, Rge. 5, W. 5th Mer., at a private bridge about two and a half miles west of Coleman, was established July 28, 1910, by H. C. Ritchie. OLDMAN RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN 117 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d The gauge is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, placed at the left bank about 1.50 feet upstream from the bridge. It is referred to a bench-mark on top of a post thirty feet west of the gauge (elevation 10.16). The channel is straight for 30 feet above and 300 feet below the station. Both banks are high, wooded, and will not overflow. The bed of the stream is of sand and gravel. The current is fairly swift. Discharge measurements are made from the bridge during high-water stages, the initial point for soundings being on line with the face of the left abutment. In low stages the stream is waded three quarters of a mile downstream from the bridge. The gauge is read by Prudent LeGal, whose house is about forty feet away. The tables of daily and monthly discharge for 1911 have not yet been prepared, but will be compiled during 1912 and published with the records for that year. Discharge Measurements of Crowsnest River, near Coleman, .-Mta., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. April 11 ... J. E. Degnan do ... Feel. 27.0 30 0 59. /(. 42.80 58.73 84.25 121.80 87.16 79.00 68.85 42.11 44.46 78.70 37.70 24.23 22.48 Fl. per sec. 1 0.991 1 2.015 3.580 ! 4.200 ! 4 .030 2 740 2.250 2.030 1 2.260 ' 0.600 1 2.430 1.790 1.420 Feel. 3.95 4.71 5.64 7.11 5.92 5.42 5.10 4.72 4.89 4.80 4.80 4.08 4.45 Sec.-fl. 42.44 May 1 118 35 iklay 23 . .• A. W. P. Lowrie do 42.0 39 0 301.67 June 12 512.02 July 1 do 37.0 352.11 July 18 do ... 36 0 216.29 do . ... 35.0 154.80 Aug. 26 do 44 0 85.38* Sept. 18 do 44 0 100.28 Oct. 15 Oct. 17 . N. M. Sutherland do 33 0 43 0 47.24 92.22* Dec. 4 do 31.5 43.40t Dec. 18 do 28 0 31.901 1 ^Gauged one mile below regular station. xGauged one half mile below rod. fOpen water. Mean Daily Gauge-height, in feet, of Crowsnest River, near Coleman, Alta., for 1911. Day. March. April. May. June. July. August- ' Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 . . . 14 15 . . 16 17 18 19 3 51 20 ... 3 62 21 3.70 22 3 74 23 3.90 24 3 96 25 4 05 26 3 80 27 3 80 28 3.92 29 4 00 30 3 85 31 3.81 3 93 3 82 3 80 3.81 3.85 3.80 3.80 3.81 3 90 3.90 3.84 3.80 3.83 3.82 3.84 3.85 3.86 3.90 3.92 3.95 4.15 4.13 4.23 4 33 4.50 4.70 4.72 4.73 4.80 4.82 4.85 4 90 5 13 5 14 3 30 5.10 6.12 6 11 6.00 5 80 5 70 5 72 5,70 5.63 5.43 5.20 5.43 5.45 5.42 5.42 5.51 6 21 6 42 6.70 6.83 6,72 6.41 6.10 6.13 6.10 6.13 6.10 6.32 6.93 6.50 6.73 6.63 6.52 6 30 6.21 6 20 6.13 6.10 6,12 6.10 6.10 6.21 6 12 5.93 ■5.83 5.75 5.75 o 7a 5.72 5.63 5.54 5.51 5.52 5 30 5 51 5.34 5.30 5 31 5 30 5.25 5.32 5.30 3.31 3 33 5 22 5.20 5.10 5.12 5.10 5.12 5.11 5.11 5.10 3.02 3.00 4 93 4.90 4.93 4 90 5 02 4 95 90 92 .00 .02 33 30 .11 5.13 5.12 4.90 4.93 4.92 4.83 4.81 4.75 4.72 4.73 4.72 4.70 4.64 4.62 4.61 4.55 4.60 4.53 4.53 4.53 4.52 4.52 4.52 4.62 3.33 5.46 3.43 3 31 5.10 5 00 5.06 5.12 5 20 3.21 3.10 5.02 4.95 4.83 4.81 4.73 4.72 4.65 4.62 4.61 4.61 4.61 4.60 4 60 4.33 4.52 4.53 4.45 4.43 4.41 4.40 5.00 4.40 4.60 3.32 3.30 3.30 3.30 3.25 3.23 3.22 3.22 3.22 3.22 3.21 3.20 3.40 3.50 5.30 5.45 5.40 5.10 5.60 5.80 5.90 5.70 5.63 5.63 5.60 5.55 3.50 4.00 3.00 3.50 4.00t 4.40t 4.40 4.63 4.70 4.24 4.14 4.13 4.13 4.13 4.12 4.10 4.10 4.10 4.10 4.10 4.10 4.11 3.96 3.96 3.96 3.96 3.96 4.45 4.70 4.40 4.03 4.06 4.05 3.93 3.00 3.04 3.06 3,09 4.05 4.10 4.10 t Snow. 118 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, IV 11 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 Miscellaneous Discharge Measurements made in Oldman River, Aha., Drainage Basin, in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Location. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity Dis- charge. May 1 May 20 June 9 July 1 July 17 Aug. 3 Aug. 25 Sept. 15 Aug. 25 Oct. 23 June 26 Sept. 10 Sept. 10 Sept. 10 Oct. 11 Oct. 11 Nov. 3 Dec. 1 April 1 1 April 29 Mav 23 June 10 July 18 Aug. 4 Aug. 26 Sept. 18 Oct. 17 .April 29 May 22 June 9 June .30 Oct. 16 May 1 June 10 July 1 July 18 Aug. 3 Aug. 26 Sept. 18 Oct. 17 Dec. 4 May 1 July 1 July 18 Sept. 18 Oct. 17 July 23 July 25 July 23 July 23 July 25 Oct. 20 July 12 July 13 July 14 July 24 July 23 July 27 Aug. 16 Sept. 26 Oct. 20 Sept. 16 Nov. 14 April 18 July 24 J. E. Degnan A. W. P. Lowrie N. M. Sutherland J. E. Degnan. A. W. P. Lowrie .A. \V. P. Lowrie N. M. Sutherland J. E. Degnan — A. W. P. Lowrie N. M. Sutherland J. E. Degnan. . . A. W. P. Low^rie N. M. Sutherland. J. E. Degnan A. \V. P. Lowrie. N*. M. Sutherland J. C. Milligan .•\. W. P. Lowrie. J. C. Milligan... A. W. P. Lowrie N. M. Sutherland J. E. Degnan. . . A. \V. P. Lowrie Blairmore Creek Galium Creek Carmichall's Spring. . Elton's Ditch Fortier's Spring* * Fortier's Spring East. ;; West Gold Creek Gold Creek Lyon Creek McGillivary Creek . . . Nez Perce Creek . Sorrel Horse Creek . Spring A Spring Creek. Summit Creek. Willow Creek . . Sec. 3-8-4-5 " 34-7-4-5 " 10-8-4-5 ■• 10-8-4-5 •' 10-8-4-5 " 10-8-4-3 " 10-8-4-5 •• 10-8-4-3 N.E. 6-10-1-5 S.E. 34-13-29-4 Sec. 19-8-1-5 " 17-7-1-5 " 17-7-1-5 " 17-7-1-5 " 17-7-1-5 •• 17-7-1-5 " 17-7-1-5 " 17-7-1-5 " 31-7-3-5 " 31-7-3-5 " 30-7-3-5 " 30-7-3-5 Sec. 30-7-3-5 " 30-7-3-5 " 30-7-3-5 " 30-7-3-5 " 30-7-3-5 N.E. 35-7-4-5 Sec. 26-7-4-5 " 26-7-4-5 " 26-7-4-5 " 26-7-4-5 S.E. 7-8-4-5 Sec. 7-8-4-5 " 7-8-4-5 N.E. 7-8-4-5 Sec. 7-8-4-5 N.E. 7-8-4-3 " 7-8-4-5 " 7-8-4-5 " 7-8-4-5 Sec. 17-8-4-5 •■ 17-8-4-5 •■ 17-8-4-5 •■ 17-8-4-5 ■■ 17-8-4-5 N.E. 26-13-30-4 " 26-13-30-4 .... L.S. 14 Sec. 35-13-1-: S.W. 2-14-1-5 L.S.13.Sec.35-13-l-5. S.E. 21-14-1-5 N.W..Sec.31-14-l-5 . N.E. 6-1.3-1-5 S.W. 5-15-1-5 N.E. 28-13-2-5 N.E. 27-13-1-5 S.E. 34-13-1-5 N.W. 23-11-30-4.... S.E. 34-13-29-4 S.E. 21-14-1-5 S.W. 12-8-6-5 S.W. 12-8-6-5 S.W. 3fi-12-28-4 S.W. 36-12-28-4 Feet. 24 0 23 6 22 8 9.6 7.5 7 6 7.4 23 0 15 3 X 2.10 21.0 22.9 24 0 24.0 21.80 20.70 21.20 23.50 21 10 20 60 20.80 15.80 13.00 10.70 18.80 20.20 17.40 15.40 15 00 15.20 15.80 10.00 5.20 14.10 12.60 12 20 12.30 10.00 4.40 4.00 24 00 22.30 Sq.-ft. 20.38 22.84 16 97 7.23 4.57 5. OS 5.51 15.26 10.474 o'so' 12.48 21.21 29.13 26.06 16.39 14.93 15.40 23.40 20.38 18.50 21.46 12.09 6.93 6.72 19.16 25.01 18.09 12 54 11.34 11.24 13.53 4.88 1 78 12.54 8.84 6.87 6.75 4.40 Feet per second. 2.758 3.000 2.380 2.690 1.680 1.530 1 820 1 600 1.243 '6.780 1 054 2.382 2 900 2 770 1 740 1.680 1.580 2 930 1.850 2 718 2 930 2 320 1 310 1.480 1 570 2 000 1.170 0 750 0 620 0.510 0 694 1 360 0 890 2 184 0 890 0.60 0.84 0.96 0.87 0.98 30 80 27.10 0.69 0 49 2 57 1.36 Sec.-ft. 56 210 68.610 40 520 19 440 7.710 7.880 10.020 24 460 12 930 0 130 0 390 Nil. 0 Oil 0 003 0 008 0 Oil 0 006 0 002 13 . 16 50.530 85 000 71 940 28.59 25.12 24.30 68.55 37.68 50.30 62.89 28.02 9.08 9.92 30.09 50.12 21.11 9.40 7 07 6 74 9.39 6.65 1.58 27.39 7.89 4.130 5.670 4 240 0 028 0.039 0 028 0.010 0 018 0 069 0.010 0.899 0.018 0 050 0.018 0 010 O.OIS 0.515 0 590 0 600 0 480 79.110 42 300 WATERTOy RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d 119 Miscellaneous Discharge Measurements made in Oldman Riner, Alta., Drainage Basin, in 1911. — Continued. Date. Hydrographer. Stream. Location. Width. I Area of I Mean i Dis- section. 'Velocity.' charge. Oct. 21 N M Sutherland. May 1 1. t. Degnan May 20 A. \V P. Lowrie. . June 9 July 1 July 17 Aug. 3 Aug. 25 Sept. 15 Oct. 17 N. M Sutherland. Willow Creek . York Creek. . . Feel. S.W. 36- 1 2-28-4 87.00 N.W. 34-7-4-5 21.50 i 22.60 23.80 21.60 19.00 20 00 20.00 20.07 11.50 Sq. ft. Feet per Sec. 108.60 1.00 21.22 1 943 24 37 2.720 24.81 3 040 20.76 2.040 13.12 1.140 14 04 1.090 11 50 0 970 13,23 1.370 8.55 1 290 108 800 41 24 66 35 75.44 42.40 17.30 15.26 11.12 20.82 11.01 xWeir measurement. WATERTON RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. General Description. Waterton River rises in the northwestern portion of the state of Montana, in the eastern slope of the Rocky mountains. It flows in a northerly direction and passing through a chain of lakes near the Internationel Boundani', known as Waterton lakes, it continues in a north and easterly direction and finally empties into Belly River near Stand Off, .Mta. The topography of the basin is of a varied character, ranging from the mountainous regions of Montana to the rolling prairie of Southern .Alberta. The tributaries are situated mostly in the upper portion of the basin, near the International Boundary, and from the west side. There is a large snow-fall in the upper portion of the basin, and the melting of this, com- bined with heavy rains, often causes big floods on this river in the early summer. Thereafter the river steadily decreases in volume, until the minimum is reached about mid-winter. Waterton lakes offer a very favourable site for a storage reservoir, approximately 14 miles long and one mile wide. The steep rocky banks of the narrows make an ideal site for the con- struction of a dam. The flow could be more than doubled during the summer months and used for irrigation purposes, or a power project could easily be developed. Waterton River at Waterton Mills. This station was established on August 26, 1908, by P. M. Sauder. It is located on the N.E. H Sec. 8, Tp. 2, Rge. 29, W. 4th Mer., about 250 feet below the river's outlet from the Lower Waterton Lake. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is placed in a stilling box at the right bank. The zero (elev., 90.51) is referred to a permanent iron bench-mark (assumed elev., 100.00) situated within six feet of the gauge. The channel is wide and straight for 250 feet above and 400 feet below the station. Both banks are high, slightly wooded, and will not overflow. The bed of the stream is rough and rocky with a stable cross-section. The current is always rather swift at mid-stream. Discharge measurements are made from a cable car during high stages. In low water the stream can be waded almost all the way across, the deep channel in the centre being taken from the cable car. Measurements are often affected by the heavy winds, which frequently occur. The points for soundings are marked by a tagged wire stretched above the cable. During 1911, the gauge was read by Mr. H. H. Hanson. The commutator of the meter used in making most of the discharge measurements at this station in 1911 was accidentally broken, and before it could be repaired the rating station was frozen up and the meter could not be rated. The records are, therefore, withheld until the meter is rated and the computations checked. Crooked Creek near Waterton Mills, Alta. This station was established on September 15, 1909, by H. C. Ritchie. It was at first located on the S.E. H Sec. 22, Tp. 2, Rge. 29, W. 4th Mer., but as an observer could not be secured at this point it was moved on June 15, 1911, by L. J. Gleeson to a point about 250 feet from Ernest Allred's house on the S.W. H Sec. 23, Tp. 2, Rge. 29, W. 4th Mer. It is now about 27 miles from Cardston and 3 miles from Waterton Mills Post Oflice. The stream flows in one channel at all stages. It is straight for forty feet above and twenty feet below the station. The bank is high, covered with brush, and not liable to overflow. The right bank is low, clear at the station, and liable to overflow. The bed is composed of gravel, but is not liable to shift, except in flood stage. 120 STREAM MEASVREME.XTS. 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. I9IZ Discharge measurements are made by wading thirty feet upstream from the gauge. The initial point for soundings is at a stump of a small tree on the left bank. During flood periods the stream cannot be waded at this point, but gaugings can be made at a bridge about one and a half miles downstream. The gauge which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is nailed to a corral post in the centre of the creek. The zero (elev., 91.86) is referred to two nail-heads in a post (assumed elev., lOO.tX)), situated about ten feet south of the gauge. During 1911, the gauge was read by Ernest Allred. The commutator of the meter used in making most of the discharge measurements at this station in 1911 was accidentally broken, and before it could be repaired the rating station was frozen up and the meter could not be rated. The records are, therefore, withheld until the meter is rated and the computations checked. BELLY RIVER DRAINAGE B.ASIN. General Description. Belly River rises near Chief mountain in northern Montana. The main stream is aug- mented, on the United States side of the boundan.- line, by Middle Fork, and, on the Canadian side, by North Fork. From the junction with North Fork on Sec. 21, Tp. 1, Rge. 28, \V. 4th Mer., the river flows in a winding, northeasterly course until it is joined by Oldman River in Sec. 27, Tp. 9, Rge. 23, \V. 4th Mer., where it turns southeasterly, and, after making a loop, flows in a no^heasterly direction until it joins Bow River in Sec. 27, Tp. 11, Rge. 13, W. 4th Mer., and fc*ms South Saskatchewan River. The topography of the basin is of the most varied character, ranging from the mountainous regions of Montana and the rolling prairie and foothills at the boundary, to the level prairie from Lethbridge to the junction with Bow River. The upper tributaries drain a forested region, but the main stream flows through a deep valley with many bluffs of large whitewood on its banks. There is an abundant snow-fall in the upper portion of the basin, but the precipitation diminishes until semi-arid conditions are met near Lethbridge. At first Belly River is a com- paratively clear stream, but soon after crossing the boundary line it becomes turbid, especially at times of high water. The greater portion of the sediment is caused by the washing away of banks and cutting of new channels. Freshets caused by melting snow and hea\"\' rains are frequent in the summer. The maximum flow usually occurs in June or July, and after that the flow gradually decreases until it reaches the minimum in Januars- or Februarv'. As yet vers' little use has been made of the water in this basin. In the upper regions where water could easily be diverted it is not required for irrigation purposes, and further downstream it would be an expensive undertaking. There a couple of small private irrigation schemes diverting water from Belly River, and the city of Lethridge will in the near future receive their domestic supply from the same source. The Alberta Railway and Irrigation Company have located and may construct a canal from Belly river to supply their irrigation svstem, if St. Mary River is found deficient. There are also a number of sites in the upper regions where power can be developed and which will no doubt be developed when there is a market. Belly River ne.\r Mount.\ix View, .\lta. This station was established on Nov. 1, 1911, by H. R. Carscallen. It is situated in the N.E. J'4 Sec. 5, Tp. 2, Rge. 23, \V. 4th Mer., and is six miles southwest of Mountain View post office. The channel is straight for 250 feet above the station and for 350 below. The bed is com- posed of gravel and sand. The right bank is high, slightly wooded and will not overflow except during extreme high water. The left bank is low, quite well wooded, and will overflow. Discharge measurements are made by means of a cable-car, tagged wire, and stay wire. The initial point for soundings is a ship-spike driven into the downstream cable-support on the left bank, and is marked by red paint on the measuring wire. The gauge, w hich is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is spiked to a post sunk in the stream bed at the right bank. The zero (elev., &S.16) is referred to a permanent iron bench-mark (assumed elev., ICW.OO) situated beneath the centre of the cable support on the right bank. The gauge was read by J. N. West, but as this station was established so late in the season there are not sufficient data to compute daily and monthly discharges, and the records for this station for 1911 will be completed during 1912, and published with the records for that year. BELL Y RIVER DRA IN A CE BASIN 121 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d. Discharge Measurements of Belly River near Mountain View, Alta., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. Nov 1 Feet. 86. 5 83.0 Sq. ft. 212,20 168.86 Ft. per sec. 0.880 0.603 Feet. 2.075 2.010 Sec.-ft. 187 60 Dec 10 . .. D. D. Madeod * Ice conditions Mami Creek near Mountain \'ievv, .\lta. This station was established on August 1.3, 1909, by H. C. Ritchie. It is located at the traffic bridge on the road allowance north of the N.E. J^ Sec. 18, Tp. 2, Rge. 27, VV. 4th Mer., and is just below the junction of the east and west branches. The channel is cur\-ed for about 100 feet above the bridge and straight for 200 feet below. Both banks are high, clear of brush, rocky and liable to overflow in extreme high water. The ted of the stream is composed of stones covered with sand and gravel. DiscTiarge measurements are made during high water from the bridge. In low water the •east branch dries up and the west branch is waded just above the junction. The gauge is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, fastened to a pile supporting the bridge at the left bank. The zero (elev., 90.70) is referred to nailheads (assumed elev. 100.00) on a pile on the right bank. Gaugings were made at this station during 1911, but, as the flow of the stream is very small and records were of little value, no observer was employed. As two applications, one for irrigation and the other for domestic purposes, have recently been received, arrangements are being made to employ an obsen'er during 1912. No water was diverted in 1911. The commutator of the meter used in making most of the discharge measurements at this -station in 1911 was accidentally broken, and, before it could be repaired, the rating station was frozen up and the meter could not be rated. The results of the gaugings are therefore withheld until the meter is rated, and the computations checked. Christianson Ditch near Caldwell, .\lta. This station was established on Sept. 14, 1911, by L. J. Cjleeson. It is situated in the S.E. }4 Sec. 12, Tp. 3, Rge. 8, W. 4th Mer., on Elias Christianson's irrigation ditch. It is six miles north-west of Mountain \'iew and one quarter of a mile south of Big Bend police post. The channel is straight for 300 feet above and 100 feet below the station. The main ditch is about 400 feet long and four feet wide, and has a good fall. Discharge measurements have been made with a small Price meter, but a weir would give more satisfactor\' results. The gauge is a plain staff graduated to feet and tenths. It is driven into the channel of the ■ditch, on the line of the gauging section. The zero of the gauge (elev., 96.30) is referred to a bench-mark (assumed elev., 100.00) situated on the left bank close to the gauge. No water was diverted through this ditch during 1911 after the gauge was established, and therefore there are no records. Belly River near Stand Off, Alta. This station was established on May 27, 1909, by H. C. Ritchie. It is eighteen miles south of the town of Maclcod, and is located on the S.E. }4 Sec. 21, Tp. 6, Rge. 25, VV. 4th Mer., 200 yards from George Pearson's house. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is secured by braces to the left bank. The zero (elev., 92.51) is referred to a permanent iron bench-mark (assumed elev., 100.00) situated 35 feet upstream from the gauge. Discharge measurements are made during the open season from the traffic bridge on the S.E. }i Sec. 21, Tp. 6, Rge. 25, \V. 4th Mer., the points for soundings being painted on the lower chord of the superstructure. During the frozen period they are made at or near the gauge. For a distance of 75 feet above and 60 feet below the section, the channel is straight. The current runs smooth with a moderate velocity over a bed of clean gravel. Both banks are low, free from brush, and liable to overflow during high stages of the river. Since the establishment of this station the cross-section has changed very little, if any, but owing to the sharp turns in the channel the river is liable to take a new course altogether in times of extreme flood. During 1911, the gauge was read by George Pearson. The commutator of the meter used in making most of the discharge measurements at this station in 1911 was accidentally broken and before it could be repaired, the rating station was frozen up and the meter could not be rated. The records are, therefore, withheld until the meter is rated and the computations checked. During the winters of 1910-11 and 1911-12 records of the flow under the ice were secured. 122 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, lOJl 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 Belly River near Lethbridce, Alta. This station was established on August 31, 1911, by A. \V. P. I.owrii-. It is located at the traffic bridge on the N.VV. H Sec. 1, Tp. 19, Rge. 22, VV. 4th Mer., and is about two and a half miles from Lcthbridgc post office. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is fixed to the second pier from the east end of the bridge. The zero of the gauge (clev., 87.82) is referred to a bench- mark on the west face of the east pier (assumed elev., l(X).OO). The channel is straight for 800 feet above and 2000 feet below the station. The right bank is not very high and might overflow in flood stages of the stream. The left bank is low and is liable to overflow during very high water. The bed of the stream is composed of sand and gra- vel but is not liable to shift. Discharge measurements are made from the downstream side of the bridge. The initial point lor soundings is near the west end of the bridge and distances are marked on the hand-rail with white paint. Tables of daily and monthly discharge for 1911, have not been computed. These will be finished during 1912 and will be published with the records for that year. Discharge Measurements of Belly River, near Lethbridge, Alta., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. April 6 L. J. Gleeson May 9 i do May 27 ' A. W. P. Lowrie. June 15 do July 5 July 21 Aug. 16. Aug. 31. Oct. Dec. do do do do 25 N. Sutherland . . . 6 D. D. MacLeod. Frel. Sq. ft. Fl. per sec. Feel. Scc.-ft. 24.'5 « I .OSO . 5 1.25 1.354.7 476 6 2,S44.0 2 92 8.300.0 458 9 2,'.)y:i 7 3 27 9.813 9 573 6 3.947.3 4.96 . 19.592.8 44!) 0 2.960.4 j 2.90 8.605 0 372 0 2.014 1 2.01 4.051 3 378 1 2.297.5 1 2 31 5.297.4 353 5 1.733 8 1.57 1.28 2.719 4 388,0 1.672 2 1,43 1 21 2.388.6 200 0 1.288.5 1.27 0.75 1.631.6 ST. MARY RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. General Descriptiott. St. Marj- River, an important tributary of the Belly River and so indirectly of the South Saskatchewan River, heads in northern Montana on the eastern slope of the main range of the Rocky Mountains. It starts from the great Blackfoot glacier and receives affluents from numerous lesser glaciers. These streams unite within a short distance from their source and flow into Upper St. Marj' lake. Below this lake, and in close proximity to it, is lower St. Mary lake, the aggregate lengths of the two being about 22 miles. The river flows out of the lower lake, at an elevation of 4460 feet above mean sea-level, and takes a northerly course through the foothills to the International Boundary. From the boundary it flows in a northeasterly direction, through a rolling country, finally emptying into the Belly River near Lethbridge, .Mta. The basin is bounded on the south by the Rocky mountains, on the west by the watershed between Belly and St. Mary rivers and on the cast by the watershed between Milk and St. Mary rivers. The upper portion of the basin is heavily timbered and receives its precipitation mostly in the shape of snow-fall, but the lower and major portion is totally devoid of tree growth, and has a small precipitation. The river flows through a very deep valley. It has steep banks and this makes the diversion of water from this stream for irrigation an expensive undertaking. In Canada, the Alberta Railway and Irrigation Company has water rights on this river. The head-gates of their canal are at Kimball, five miles north of the boundary, and they already have 231 miles of ditch construc- ted which irrigates land surrounding Lethbridge. Further construction is being planned and the works, when completed, will irrigate approximately .500,000 acres of land, at present semi-arid. As this is an international river, discharge measurements are taken by the Hydrographic Surveys ser\'ices of both the Canadian and American governments. It is expected that in the near future the hydrographers of both countries will use a common gauging station at a point as near the International Boundary as a suitable site can be found. It is hoped in this way to obtain results of high degree of accuracy and perfectly satisfactory to both countries. ST. MARY RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN 123 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d FiDLER Brothers' Ditgh at Boundary Creek, Alta. This station was established on Sept. 13, 1911, by L. J. Cjleeson. It is situated in the S.E. }-4 Sec. 19, Tp. 1, Rge. 26, W. 4th Mer., on Fidler Brothers' irrigation ditch, one quarter of a mile southwest of Cardston. The channel of the ditch is straight for a distance of thirty feet above and twenty feet below the gauge. The soil is clay with a little sand. Discharge measurements can be made with a small Price meter, but on account of the small velocity a weir would be more suitable. The gauge is placed in the centre of the ditch, 100 feet downstream from the head-gate. It is a plain staff graduated to feet and tenths. The zero of the gauge (elev., 93.62) is referred to a wooden bench-mark (assumed elev., 100.00) situated on the left bank, eight feet west of the gauge, and on the line of the gauging section. As the ditch was not used after the gauge was established no records were secured at this station in 1911. St. Mary River at Kimb.all, Alta. This station was established by the .-Mberta Railway and Irrigation Company in 1905. It is located on the S.W. }4 Sec. 25, Tp. 1, Rge. 25, W. 4th Mer., about half a mile above the com- pany's dam and head-gate. The channel is straight for about 450 feet above and 400 feet below the station. Both banks are high and not liable to overflow. The right bank is partly covered -.vith scrub above the station, but at and below the station it is clear. The bed of the stream is of gravel and is liable to slight changes. The current is quite uniform all the way across the stream. Discharge measurements are made by means of a cable car, and tagged wire at high and ordinary stages. At low-water periods, the river can be waded. The initial point for soundings is the zero of the tagged wire, which is 44.8 feet from the inside edge of the cable support on the right bank. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is set in the right bank, a few feet upstream from the cable. A trench lined with plank connects a stilling box about the gauge with the channel in low water. The zero of the gauge (elevation 86.87) is referred to a permanent iron bench-mark (assumed elevation, 100.00) situated near the cable support on the right bank. In 1911, the gauge was read by J. M. Dunn, ditch rider for the A. R. & I. Co. This station is not satisfactorv' during the frozen period and during the winter months gauge- heights and discharges are observed at a temporary gauging station located at the traffic bridge about two miles below the regular station. Discharge Measurements of St. Mary River at Kimball, in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Jarf. 16. Feb. 3.. Mar. 16 Mar. 29. April 1.. Aprils.. April 21. May 1., May 16. Mav 19. June 3.. June 7.. June 9.. June 20. June 27. July 12. July 20. July 20. Aug. 3. . Aug. 16. Aug. 16. Aug. 29. Sept. 7.. Sept. 23. Oct. 7. . Nov. 16. Dec. 12 . W. H. Green . J. E. Degnan. . L. J. Gleeson.. Width. D. D. McLeod Feel. 100.7 U6,0 68.0 150.0 65.0 62.8 220 8 223.8 227.4 226 0 228 0 227 5 226 9 228 0 227 7 224.8 225.0 225.0 222 5 222 5 222 0 222 4 225 0 224 5 221.6 65 0 102 0 Area of Section. Mean Velocity. .Sq.-feet. Ft. per sec. 173 9 100 3 82 1 224 6 108.1 97 2 376 5 499 4 893.1 796 1 869 6 858 6 830 0 904 2 841 1 604 8 574 9 573 8 513 7 473 9 473.9 415 0 598.4 575 5 436 1 122 3 103 3 1 21 2.02 1.73 1 60 2 95 2.80 1.42 2 16 4 27 3 70 3 83 3.84 3 90 4.26 3.90 2.81 2.76 2 76 2 28 2 24 2 28 1 78 2 74 2 48 1 .72 2 62 1.28 Gauge Height. Discharge 6 26 5 .53 4.95 4 63 4 15 5.20 2.82 3 28 5 00 4 .56 00 78 .77 05 78 81 ,70 70 3 41 3 28 3.28 2 97 3.77 3 65 3.07 6 30 1 51 Sec-feel. 210.2 202.4 141.6 360.3 318.8 271.8 536.2 1076.2 3812 0 2945.3 3330 3 3298 6 3261 .3 3855 4 3284.0 1702 0 1584 9 1582 1 1170.9 1059-5 1082.8 736 9 1639 7 1428 5 753 1 320 6 131 9 No. 2Sd— 5 124 STREAM MEASUREMENTS. 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 Daily Gauge-height and Discharge of St. Mary River at KimbiU, for 1911. Day. 1 2 3 4 S 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 IS 19 ao 21 22 23 24, 25 26 27. 28 29. 30. 31. January. GauEe Height Feet. fi 4.3 B 43 6 40 B.3o 6. IS 6.35 6 36 6.10 5 eo 4.95 4.95 5.62 6.30 6.30 6.31 6.26 6.25 6.30 6.35 6.35 6 30 6 25 6 12 6 15 6.10 6 00 5 95 5.95 5.95 5.95 6.00 Dis- charge Sec.-Jt. 220 219 218 216 213 215 214 210 203 194 194 203 213 213 213 212 212 213 213 213 213 212 210 210 210 208 208 208 208 208 208 February. March. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Pert. Sec.-fl. Feet. Sec.-ft. 5.85 5.84 5.53 5.55 5.64 206 206 202 204 203 5.45 5.40 5.40 5.35 5.33 194 188 188 183 181 5.65 5,65 5 47 5 35 5.35 214 214 196 183 183 5 30 5.21 5.12 5.14 4.90 178 169 159 161 136 5,45 5.40 5 35 5.27 5.25 194 188 183 175 173 4,85 4,85 4.90 4.90 4.87 131 131 136 136 133 5 23 5 20 5.23 5.30 5.35 171 167 171 178 183 4.95 4.85 4 95 5 06 5.25 142 131 145 158 181 5.35 5.38 5.38 5,40 5.41 183 185 185 188 189 5,20 5 23 5.20 5.20 5.00 181 189 186 186 165 5.42* 5.44 5,44 190 192 192 4 60 4.45 4 43 4.65 4.55 4.40 285 331 337 360 351 335 AprU. Gauge Height. Feet. 4.15 4.20 4.53 4.57 4.58 5 05 5.04 5.20 5.00 2.55 2.45 2.30 2.30 2.32 2.35 2 40 2 50 2 53 2.55 2.65 2.82 2.95 Dis- charge Sec.-fl. 319 322 287 289 289 265 265 272 263 296 330 2.50 250 260 275 300 360 382 398 472 607 722 3.10 870 3.14 912 3.18 954 3 28 1063 3 34 1131 3 37 1165 3.39 1188 3.28 1063 May. Gauge Height Feet. 3 29 3 29 3 32 3 39 3.57 3.87 3.97 3 97 3.02 3.90 4.42 5.03 4 96 4.80 4 57 4.39 4 07 3 97 3.89 3.80 3.76 3.87 June. Dis- Gauge charge. Height. Sec.-ft. 1074 1074 1108 1188 1407 1794 19.33 1933 1863 1835 1794 1700 1794 1961 2629 3839 3680 3330 2891 2379 2435 2404 2388 23.58 2187 2080 1933 1822 1700 1648 1794 Feet. 4.27 4.87 5 01 5.10 4.98 4,88 4,77 4,79 4,77 4.77 4.88 5 09 5 19 5.27 5.27 5.24 5.19 5.17 5.10 5.04 4 97 4.78 4.65 4.67 4.57 Dis- charge. Sec.-ft. 2388 3480 3793 4000 3725 3502 3270 3310 3270 3270 3502 3977 4207 4391 4391 4322 4207 4161 4000 3862 3702 3545 3590 3702 4161 3702 3290 3038 2891 2891 Notes: — * Interpolated from Jan. 1st to April 17th ice conditions. Plate No 18. Headgates ot Alberta Railway and Irrigation C'onipiny Canal at Kimball. Taken by F, H, Peters. Pl.\te Xo. 19. Gauging Station on .\. R. & I. Co. Canal at Rolph Creek Flume. Taken by F. H. Peters. ST. MARY RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Daily Gauge-height and Discharge of St. Mary River at Kimball, for 1911. 125 Notes: — * Interpolated from Nov. S to Dec. 31 ice conditions. Monthly Discharge of St. Mary River at Kimball, for 1911. (Drainage area 472 square miles.) July. August. September. October. November. December. D.tY. Gauge Heigiit. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1. Feet. 4.47 4.37 4.28 4.24 4.22 4.18 4.17 4.12 4.07 3.97 3.87 3.81 3.76 3.71 3.74 3.76 .3.S4 3.80 3.74 3.68 3.66 3.64 3.66 3.66 3.56 3.56 3.56 3.53 3.47 3.56 3.56 Sec-fl. 2714 2547 2404 2342 2311 2249 2234 2156 2080 1933 1794 1714 1648 1583 1622 1648 1754 1700 1622 1545 1520 1495 1520 1520 1395 1395 1395 1358 1284 1395 1395 Feel. 3.46 3.42 3.41 3.36 3.36 3.36 3.44 3.38 3 58 • 3.56 3.41 3.41 3 41 3 34 3.27 3.28 3.26 3.20 3.21 3 21 3.26 3.16 3.11 3.07 3.04 3 05 3.06 3.01 2.97 2.96 2.91 Sec-fl. 1272 1224 1212 1154 1154 1154 1248 1177 1420 1395 1212 1212 1212 1131 1052 1063 1041 975 986 986 1041 933 880 840 810 S20 830 780 744 734 684 Feel. 2.91 2 95 2.99 3.39 4.07 3. 88 3.77 3.75 3.65 3.61 3.64 3.68. 3.71 3.74 3.65 3.65 3.58 3.56 3.51 3.45 3.46 3 56 3.64 3.01 3. 58 3.48 3.46 3.49 3.36 3.29 Sec-fl. 684 722 760 1188 20S0 1808 1661 1635 1.508 1458 1495 1545 1583 1622 1508 1.508 1420 1.395 1332 1260 1272 1395 1495 1458 1420 1296 1272 1308 1154 1074 Feel. 3.25 3.21 3.21 3.18 3.15 3.11 3.07 2.99 2.96 2.96 2.93 2.96 2.94 3.00 2.96 2.91 2.86 2.83 2.81 2.79 2.77 2.78 2.77 2.77 2.71 2.61 2.64 2.61 2.54 2.56 2.57 Sec-fl. 1030 986 986 954 922 880 840 760 734 734 704 734 713 770 734 684 641 616 598 582 566 574 566 566 518 442 465 442 390 405 412 Feel. 2.52 2.56 2.56 2.56 2.53 2.51 2.51 4.48 4.51 4.48 4.59 5.52 6.21 6.35 6.32 6.30 6.13 5.56 6.11 6.06 6.01 5.90 5.82 5.76 5.77 5.72 6.23 7.26 7.16 7.16 Sec-fl. 375 405 405 405 382 36S 368 351 335 319 303 286 317 324 323 322 314 288 313 311 309 303 300 297 298 295 318 365 360 360 Feel. 6.01 5 89 5 79 5.85 5.61 5.42 5.57 5.59 5.56 ' i.so' 1.55 1 55 1.55 1.60 1.60 1 CO 1.60 1.70 1.80 1.55 1.55 2 38* 3.20 3.30 3.30 3.45 3.70 3.45 3.58* Sec-fl. 308 2 303 3 4 299 301 3 291 0 .... 282 289 s 290 9 288 10 11 * 236 * 184 12 132 13 140 14 140 15 140 16 149 17 149 18 149 19 149 20 . 167 21 185 22 140 23 140 24 134 25 129 2ti 128 27 128 28 128 128 30 128 128 Discharge in Second-Feet Ron-Off. Month. l\Ia.>Jmum. Minimum Mean. Per square Mile. Depth in inches on Drainage Area. Total in Acre-Feet. January February... March April May June July August September. October. . . . November. . December.. The year. . 220 214 360 1188 3839 4391 2714 1420 2080 1030 405 308 194 167 131 250 1074 238S 1284 684 684 390 286 128 207 190 240 719 2456 3390 1999 1052 1382 710 346 21S .44 .40 .41 1.12 4.38 7.74 3 77 2 21 2.92 1.43 .70 40 507 .417 .473 1.250 5.0.50 8 636 4 346 2.548 3.258 1.649 .781 .461 12.937 10.508 12,034 31.376 127.249 217.269 109.630 64.217 81.949 41.547 19.874 11,664 740.254 Alberta Rail way and Irrigation Company Canal near Kimball, Alta. This station was established July 26, 1910, by F. H. Peters. It is located at the flume over Rolph creek on the S. E.^' Sec. 21, Tp. 2, Rge. 24, W. 4th Mer., It is by trail fifteen miles southeast of Cardston, and six miles northeast of Kimball. 126 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, ion 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 The flume carries all the water delivered to the company's irrigation system. It is 768 feet long, 27 feet wide, and 6 feet high (inside dimensions) and is perfectly straight. It is built of smooth plank and has a fall of one hundredth of a foot in sixteen feet. Discharge measurements are made from a small foot bridge spanning the Hume at a point about midway from the ends. The initial point for soundings is the inside face of the left side of the left side of the flume. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is fixed to the side of the flume five feet dowstream from the foot-bridge. The datum of the gauge is the bottom of bot- tom of the flute. During 1911, the gauge was read by J. M. Dunn, ditch rider for the company. The com- mutator of the meter used in making most of the discharge measurements at this station in 191 1 was accidentally broken and before it could be repaired the rating station was frozen up and the meter could not be rated. The records are, therefore, withheld until the meter is rated and the computations checked. RoLPH Creek near Kimball, Alta. This station was established on May 17, 1911, by L. J. Gleeson.' It is located at the Alberta Railway and Irrigation Company's flume, in Sec. 21, Tp. 2, Rge. 24, W. 4th Mer. It is si.\ miles northeast of Kimball and fifteen miles southeast of Cardston. The channel is straight for 200 feet above the station, and for 150 feet below. The bed is gravelly in character, and shifts during high water. Both banks are low and bare, and o\erflow at high stages. While passing under the tiume the water is carried over an apron built to protect the piling from scour. Discharge measurements are made by wading at or near the gauge. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is nailed to the downstream side of the right-hand wing-wall. The zero (elev., 93.401) is referred to the sill of a trestle ten feet from the gauge (assumed elev., 100.00). The gauge was read four times a week by J. M. Dunn. The records for this station, for 1911, will be completed during 1912 and published with the records for that year. Lee Creek at Cardston, Alta. This station was established on June 28, 1909, by H. C. Ritchie. It is located at a foot- bridge in the eastern portion of the town of Cardston in the N.W. 14 Sec. 10, Tp. 3, Rge. 25, W. 4th Mer. The channel is straight for 100 feet above and 300 feet below the station. The bed of the stream is composed of gravel with a thin covering of soft mud. In high water the current is very swift, but in low water is comparatively slow. The right bank is of clay formation, high and not liable to overflow. The left is low, gravelly and overflows during high water. On account of the constantly shifting character of the bed during periods of high water, measurements are made at the most suitable sections near the gauge. When the water is low, a section, 150 feet upstream from the footbridge, is used. The initial point of soundings is on the left bank and is marked with a stake driven into the left bank, close to the water's edge. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is fixed to a pile near the east end of the foot-bridge. The zero (elev., 91.60) is referred to a permanent iron bench-mark (assumed elev., 100.00), situated on the right bank 100 feet upstream from the gauge. During 1911, the gauge was read by Mr. Stirling Williams. The commutator of the meter used in making most of the discharge measurements at this station in 1911 was accidentally broken, and before it could be repaired the rating station was frozen up and the meter could not be rated. The records are, therefore, withheld until the meter is rated and the computations checked. St. Mary River at Whitney's Ranche, .Alta. This station was established on October 13, 1911, bv H. R. Carscallen. It is located on N.E. H Sec. '26, Tp. 7, Rge. '22, ten miles from Lethbridge post oflice. The gauge, which is a plain staflf graduated to feet and hundredths, is spiked to a post sunk in the bed of the river at the right bank. The zero of the gauge (elev., 87..5o) is referred to a permanent iron bench-mark (assumed elev., 100.00) near Mr. Whitney's house. The channel is straight for 900 feet above and 1,000 feet below the station. The right bank is low and may overflow during flood stage of the stream. The left bank is high, and will not overflow. The bed of the stream is composed of gravel and is not liable to shift. Discharge measurements are made by means of a cable, car, tagged wire and stay wire. The initial point for soundings is a spike driven into the downstream sill of the tower on the left bank. The gauge is read by W. D. Whitney. Tables of daily and monthly discharge for 1911 have not yet been computed. These will be finished during 1912 and published with the records for that year. Plate Xo. 20. S?-~ " Cable Support and Fastenings at Station on North Branch of Milk River at Peters' Ranche. Taken bv F. H. Peters. MILK RIVER DR.AINAGE B.iSIN 127 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Discharge Measurements of St. Mar>- River, at Whitney's Ranche, .\lta., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width . .\rea of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Hright. Discharge. Oct. Nov. T)«- 2S 29 15 . . . N. M. Sutherland . D. D. Macleod do Feet. 177.0 190 0 ISO.O Sq.ft. 249. 8S 214.40 151 .55 Ft. per sec. 2 25 1 40 1.32 Feet. 2 23 ' 2 43 2 20 Sec -ft. 561 40x 297 .S4 199 34 I Slush Ice. MILK RIVER DRAINAGE B.-^SIN. General Description. Milk River rises on the eastern slope of the foothills in the Blackfoot Indian reserve in the United States. Its head-waters run down in two main streams which are known, after entering Canada, as the north and south branches. The north branch runs in a northeasterly direction through the Blackfoot reserve for a distance of about fifteen miles and then enters Canada near the "quarter mound" on the south side of Section 3, Township 1, Range 23, west of the 4th Merid- ian. From the International Boundary' the stream continues in a northeasterly direction for about nine miles, when it bends to the east and runs in an easterly direction through the second tier of townships to its junction with the south branch at the centre of Section 20, Township 2, Range 18, west of the 4th Meridian. The south branch runs to the south and east of, and parallels, the north branch for a distance of about 48 miles, as the crow flies, through the Blackfoot reserve and then enters Canada near the 'quarter mound" on the south side of Section 1, Township 1, Range 20, west of the 4th Meridian. From the International Boundary it runs in a northeasterly direction to its junction with the north branch. From the junction of the two branches Milk River runs in an easterly direction through the second tier of townships in Canada to the east boundary' of Range 7. From this roint the river runs in a southeasterly direction to its first point of crossing the International Boundarv- into the L'nited States. This first point of crossing is near the "quarter mound" on the south side of Section 5, Township 1, Range 5, west of the 4th Meridian. From this point the river meanders in an easterly direction through Canada and United States to a point on the International Boundar\- about 900 feet west of theeast boundary of Section 1, Township 1, Range 5, west of the 4th Meridian, where it finally crosses into the United States. This point is known as the "Eastern Crossing". The length of the course of Milk River in Canada from the western crossing of the north branch to the eastern crossing is 179 miles. The length of the course ■of the south branch in Canada is twenty miles. Throughout its course in Canada from the western crossing of the north branch to the eastern crossing. Milk River runs through a well defined valley bordered on each side by a range of hills. The whole of its water-shed in Canada is bald prairie land. The river receives a number of small tributary creeks along its course, all of which discharge a considerable volume of water during the spring freshets; usually they all dry up by about July 1, and have no considerable discharge again until late in the fall, when some of them have a small flow for perhaps a month before the freeze-up. The general conditions of flow in the river are such as are typical of all rivers which have a watershed devoid of tree growth; that is, it is subject to extreme floods during the freshet period and to correspondingly low flow during the summer months. From its head-waters to the eastern crossing the total area of the watershed of Milk River is 2,44S square miles. Of this total amount 1,045 square miles are in Canada and 803 square miles in the United States. North Branch of Milk River near Peter's Ranche, Alta. This station was established by P. M. Sauder and F. H. Peters on July 21, 1909. It is located 150 feet upstream from the north boundar>- of the N.E J4 Sec. 13, Tp. 1, Rge. 23, W. 4th. Mer. It is seven miles by trail from Taylorville post office and fifteen miles from Kimball. The stream flows in one channel, which is about forty feet wide at ordinary stages. It is straight for about 200 feet above the station and is almost straight for about 300 feet below. • Both banks are composed of solid clay. The right is high and not liable to overflow, but the left may overflow at extreme flood stage of the stream. The bed of the stream is composed of a layer of soft mud and stones over a solid clay foundation. Discharge measurements are made during high water by means of a cable, car, tagged wire, and stay wire. The initial point for soundings is the face of a post on the left bank. .\t low water the discharge is measured by wading at a pxiint about one quarter of a mile downstream from the cable. 128 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912^ The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is fixed to a post at the left bank. The zero (elev., 86.87) is referred to a permanent iron bench-mark (assumed elev., 100.00), situated on the left hank, directly beneath the tiirti-bucklc on the cable. During 1911, the gauge was read by Bert Mecham from April 19 to September 25, and by Wni. W heeler from September 25 to November 2nd. The commutator of the meter used in making most of the discharge measurements at this station during 1911 was accidentally broken, and before it could be repaired the rating station was frozen and the meter could not be rated. The records are, therefore, withheld until the meter is rated and the computations checked. North Branch Milk River at Knight's Ranche, .\lta. This station was established by F. H. Peters and P. M. Sauder on July 17, 1909. It is located in Sec. 18, Tp. 2, Rge. 20, \V. -Ith Mer., almost directly south of the Knight Sugar Com- pany's Horse-shoe Ranche buildings. It is about 3G miles by trail from Milk River station. The stream flows in one channel about 41 feet wide at ordinary stages. It is straight for about 153 feet above and 100 feet below the station. The right bank is composed of clay, is high and not liable to overflow. The left bank is composed of light sandy loam, is low and liable to> overflow to quite a distance, during high stages of the stream. The bed of the stream is composed of mud, gravel and boulders. Discharge measurements are made by means of a cable, car, tagged wire and stay wire. The initial point for soundings is the face of a cedar post on the right bank. Discharge measure- ments can be made by wading during low water. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is fixed to a post at the right bank. The zero (elev., 97.70) is referred to a permanent iron bench-mark (assumed elev., 100.00), situated close to'the intitial point for soundings. As an observer could not be secured the gauge w-as not read during 1911. The commutator of the meter used in making the discharge measurements at this statioa in 1911 was accidentally broken, and before it could be repaired the rating station was frozen up and the meter could not be rated or the computations checked. North Branch of Milk River near M.^ckie's Ranche, .^lta. This station was established July 16, 1909, by P. M. Sauder and F. H. Peters. It is located on the S.W". 34 Sec. 19, Tp. 2, Rge. 18, \V. 4th Mer. It is seventeen miles by trail from Milk River, three miles north of the Mackie ranche buildings, and one mile west of the junction of the north and south branches. The stream flows in one channel which at ordinary stages is about 60 feet wide. It is straight for 200 feet above and about 1.50 feet below' the station. Both banks are low and liable to overflow at high stages. The bed of the stream is composed of gravel and is constantly changing. Discharge measurements are made by means of a cable, car, tagged wire, and stay wire. The initial point for soundings is the face of a cedar post planted in the north bank and marked "OtOO". The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is fixed to a post at the right bank. The zero (elev., 91.50) is referred to a permanent iron bench-mark (assumed elev., 100.00), located 25 feet from the edge of the right bank, and under the cable. As it was impossible to secure an observer the gauge was not read during 1911. Discharge Measurements of North Branch of Milk River near Mackie's Ranche, .-Mta., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. April 19 Feel. 60.0 59.6 60.4 59.0 61.0 57.0 60.0 61.0 61 0 Sq. ft. 85.55 79 30 75.00 55 21 82.67 47.40 49.83 50.25 68.24 Fl. per sec. 0.86 0.72 0.63 0.88 1 22 0.74 0.71 0.64 0.73 Feel. 2.16 2.01 1.95 2.11 2 SO 1.96 1.94 1.92 2.06 Sec.-fl. 73.57 May 4 do 56.96 May 12 do 47.60 May 21 48.63 do 101 .44 July 1 do 35.34 do 35 56 Aug. 29 do 32.14 Oct 17 do 50.95 South Branch of Milk River at Mackie's Ranche, Alta. This station was established July 14, 1909, by P. M. Sauder and F. H. Peters. It is seven- teen miles by trail from Milk River and is located on the N.W. J4 Sec. 31, Tp. 1, Rge. 18, \V. MILK RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN 129 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d 4th Mer., about one quarter of a mile upstream from Mackie Bros' ranche buildings, and is about five miles upstream from the junction of the north and south branches of Milk River. The stream flows in one channel and is straight for about 150 feet above the station and for 100 feet below. The right bank is composed of sand and gravel and is liable to overflow. The left bank is composed of clay and is high. The bed of the stream consists of gravel and sandand is liable to shift. Discharge measurements are made during high stages by means of a cable, car, tagged wire, and stay wire, and at low stages by wading. The initial point for soundings is the face of a cedar post planted in the left bank. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is fixed to a post at the left bank. The zero of the gauge (clev., 86.60) is referred to a permanent iron bench-mark (assumed elev., 100.00) located on the left bank, directly under the cable and five feet from the initial point of soundings. During 1911, the gauge was read by Mrs. F. Cathro. Discharge Measurements of South Branch of Milk River at Mackie's Ranche, Alta., in 1911. Date. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. April IS L. J. Gleason . May .5 do May 12 do May 20 J. E. Degnan. June 9 do July 1 do Aug. 1. do Aug. 4 ' do Aug. 28 ' do Oct. 16 do Feet. 87.8 88.2 80.8 89.0 88.0 88.0 85.0 8.5.0 63.5 84.0 55. /(. 119.12 119.20 110.00 148.55 131.25 137.80 83.50 79 06 48.92 71.42 Ft. per sec. 1.760 1.730 1.620 2.031 1.470 1.629 0.998 0.948 0.698 0.876 Feet. 3.16 3.10 2.96 3.40 3 14 3.26 2.60 2.55 2.21 2.46 Sec.-fl. 210.65 206.40 178.70 301.75 194.02 224 39 83.41 75.00 34 12 62.67 Daily Gauge-height and Discharge of South Branch of Milk River at Mackie's Ranche, Alta., for 1911. Day. March. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. April. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. May. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. June. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1.. 2.. 3.. 4.. S.. 6.. 7.. 8.. 9.. 10.. 11.. 12.. 13.. 14 . 15.. 16.. 17.. 18.. 19.. 20.. 21.. 22.. 23.. 24.. 25.. 26.. 27.. 28.. .29.. .30.. -31.. Sec.-ft. Feel. 3 11 3 20 3 40 3.19 3 39 3 40 3 59 3.39 3.29 3.29 3 29 3 40 3 30 3.09 Sec.-ft. 198 224 281 221 279 283 341 281 253 253 255 287 258 202 Feel. 3.10 3.09 3.09 3.05 3.05 3.05 3.07 3 07 3.05 3.07 3 07 2.87 3.05 3.15 3.60 4.41 5.05 3 79 3.50 3.40 3 25 3.25 3 25 3 25 3.20 3.25 3 39 3 39 3 36 3.30 3.20 Sec.-fl. 204 202 203 193 193 193 199 201 198 204 205 158 202 228 365 660 961 426 333 301 255 250 246 243 226 237 273 269 258 237 209 Feet. 3.15 3.15 3.15 3.10 3.05 3.15 3.10 3.10 3.15 3.10 3.10 3 IS 3.15 3 00 2.79 2.79 2.83 2.80 2.80 2.79 2.79 2 73 2.70 3.32 S.21 4.95 4.41 4.51 3,72 3.37 Sec.-ft.\ 196 196 196 184 172 196 184 184 196 184 184 196 196 160 116 116 124 118 118 116 116 105 100 242 982 853 613 653 363 257 130 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 191Z Daily Gauge-height and Discharge of South Branch of Milk River at Mackic's Ranchc, Alta.^ for 1911. — Continued. Note — The ice started to break up on March 21. and the following day the gauge was carried out. re-established on April 17. X Lowered the gauge one foot. * Ice covered after Nov. 4. July. August. September. October. November. Day. Gauw Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. I Feet. 3,25} 3.23 3 23 3.10 3.09 2.90 2 80 2.70 2,09 2,66 2,60 2 50 2 46 2 41 2 39 2 41 2 41 2 44 2 45 2 45 2,44 2 43 2 42 2,42 2.38 2.36 2 .34 2.33 2 ,33 2.31 2.42 Sec.-fl. 223 217 217 184 1S2 138 130 100 98 93 83 68 63 56 54 56 56 60 62 62 60 59 58 58 53 50 48 47 47 44 58 Feet. 2.54 . 2.59 2 46 2 .55 2.56 2 58 2 55 2 49 2.39 2 38 2.40 2.40 2 45 2 40 2.45 2 44 2.43 2.41 2.41 2.41 2 24 2,26 2.21 2.26 2.16 2 15 2 15 2 21 2.19 2,24 2,22 Sec.-ft. 74 82 63 ?? 80 76 67 54 53 55 55 62 63 62 60 59 56 56 56 37 39 34 .39 30 29 29 34 32 37 35 Feet. 2 21 2 24 2 35 2.40 2.55 3.861 3.97 3 67 3 60 3.40 3 21 3.02 2 90 2.81 2.74 2 70 2 75 2 73 2.69 2.66 2.65 2 59 2.55 2.69 2.75 2 70 2 71 2 69 2.6S 2.66 Sec.-fl. 34 37 49 55 76 40S 446 34S 326 265 212 165 1.3S 120 107 100 109 105 98 93 92 82 76 9S 109 100 102 98 97 93 Feet. 2.59 2.54 4. 55 2 59 2.65 2.68 2 64 2 63 2.60 2. 58 2 .57 2.59 2. 55 2.55 2.54 1 46 2.45 2.44 2.44 2.43 2.43 2.45 2 44 2.47 2 48 2 50 2 53 2.56 2.5S 2 57 2. 58 Sec.-ft. 82 74 76 82 92 97 90 88 83 80 78 82 76 76 74 63 62 60 60 59 .59 62 60 64 05 68 72 77 80 78 SO Feet. 2,60 2.61 2 en 2.63* 2 65 2.69 2.65 2 63 2.50 2.40 2.35 2.37 2.38 2.37 2.36 2.37 Sec-ft. 83 2 85 3 . 83 4 83 5 0 8 9 . . 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 • 28 30 31 . It was^ Monthly Discharge of South Branch of Milk River at Mackie's Ranche, Alta., for 1911. Drainage area, 441 square miles. Discharge in Second-Feet. RtnJ-OFF. Month. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square Mile. Depth in inches on Drainage Area. Total in Acre-Feet. April (17-30) 341 961 982 223 82 446 97 85 198 158 100 44 29 34 59 83 258 275 254 90 54 141 74 84 0 585 0 624 0 576 0 204 0.122 0.320 0,168 0 190 0 30 0 72 0 64 0 24 0 14 0.36 0.19 0.01 7.172 May. . . .. .... 16.909 June 15.114 July 5.534 3,320 8.390 4,550 November (1-3) 550 61,539 MILK RIVER DRAIXACE BASIN 131 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 23d Milk River at Milk River, Alta. This station was established by H. C. Ritchie on May 18, 1909, and re-estabHshed by. F. H. Petres on July 3, 1909. It is located on the N.E. Ji Sec. 21, Tp. 2, Rge. 16, \V. -Ith Mer., at the A. R. and I. railway bridge, one quarter of a mile south of the town of Milk River. The stream flows in one channel at all stages and in ordinary' stages is not more than 140 feet wide. The channel is almost straight for 300 feet above and below the station. The right bank is sandy, fairly high, and not liable to overflow. The left bank is lower and overflows during high water. The bed of the stream is composed of sand and fine gravel, which is constantly shifting. Discharge measurements are made from the downstream side of the bridge at high water and in low water a wading section, about 50 feet upstream, is used. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is nailed to an old bridge- pile about twelve feet above the present bridge. As this gauge is liable to be carried out by ice or flood-water, a chain-gauge has been attached to the bridge and will be read if the staff goes out. The datum of the chain-gauge is the same as that of the staff. The zero of both gauges (elev., 90.97) is referred to a permanent iron bench-mark (assumed elev., 100.00), located on the left bank, twenty feet upstream from the bridge and thirty feet back from the bank. During 1911, the gauge was read by Dan. O'Connell. Discharge Measurments of Milk River at Milk River, .-Mta., in 1911. Date. HydrogTBpher. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Heignt. Discharge. April 14 L. J. Gleeson May 2 X. McL. Sutherland . May 7 L. J. Gleeson May 17 X. McL. Sutherland. May 22 J. E. Degnan June 13. June 2S. July S. July 29. Aug. 10. Aug. 30. Sept. 7. Sept. 8. Sept. 9. Sept. 15. Oct. Oct. Nov. Dec. Dec. 14.. 20.. 10.; do do do do do do , do 'do do do do do L. J. Gleeson and D. D. Madeod... . D. D. MacLeod . . do Feet. 130.4 12S.O 142 3 76 0 129 0 128.0 132.5 128 5 112 0 129 5 113 0 130 0 127.0 125 0 129.0 127.0 128 0 *84.0 *84.0 *75.0 Sq. fl. 160.51 141 .08 186.30 4S4.14 157 40 113.83 245 . 10 120.8(1 69.82 128.58 67.47 294 50 269 11 259 . 15 102 04 83.75 85.82 45.19 10.67 53.35 Ft. per sec. 1 610 1.590 1.920 3 500 1 676 1.420 2 0;iO 1,4.:2 1.076 1.342 0 9S9 2 660 2.4S0 2.481 1 447 1.356 1.317 1.520 1.180 0.900 Feet. 2.04 1 85 2.26 4.72 2 10 1 70 2 70 1.74 1.20 1.73 1 22 3 24 2.88 2 83 1 63 1.53 1.53 1 45 2 28 2 25 Sec.-ft. 2.58 60 223.81 358 65 1.692 23* 263.82 162.00 512 00 175 45 75 12 172.60 66.78 783.48* 667 15* 643 38* 147 70 113.58 112.48 68 59 119 80t 47 97t * Measurement not taken at regular stations, waded at a better cross-section, tice conditions. 132 STREAM MEASCREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 Daily Gauge-height and Discharge of Milk River at Milk River, Alta., for 1911. April. May. June. July. Day. Gauge Heiiiht. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- • charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. F/rl. i'r<-.-/(. Feel. Sec.-ft. Feel. Sec.-jl. Feel. Sec.-fl. 1... 2... 3... 4... 5... 2.51 195 1.95 1.8.'-)* l.Uo* 420 227 227 200 102 1.87 1.85 1 85 1 85 2,00 228 224 224 224 267 2 01 1 97 1 94 2 00 1 94 214 233 224 241 224 2.45 2.36 2.10 1.97 1 75 401 365 272 233 176 6... 7. 1 .85* 200 111 200 200 200 2 11 2.16 2.26 1 96 1,95 303 321 358 255 252 1.90 1 88 1.85 1 76 2 03 213 208 200 178 250 1.70 1 62 1.50 1 53 1.46 164 146 8... 1 85 1 85 120 126 10... 185 112 11 2 69 12 2.45 13 2.15 14 2.04 15 196 16 1-86 17 196 18 2,01 29 2 16 20 2 10 21 2 20 22 2.60 23 2.81 24 2 51 25 2 31 26 2.51 27 2.51 28 2.41 29 2.21 30 2.00 31 507 1,95 252 1 85 200 1.41 103 402 1.91 240 1,74 174 1.39 9» 288 1 90 237 1,68 159 1 37 96- 253 1 91 240 1.63 152 1.34 90 230 2,60 501 1.61 143 1 31 85 204 4 12 1.326 1 56 133 1.30 83 232 5,00 1.8S4 1.57 135 1.30 83 249 3.10 710 1.54 128 1 29 82 299 2,72 521 1,50 120 1 40 101 282 2.50 422 1.42 105 1 M 120 318 2.10 272 1 40 101 1 44 109 485 2 10 272 1.50 120 1.39 99 589 2,10 , 272 1 60 141 1 36 94 449 2 IS 298 2,04 253 1 32 87 368 2,19 301 5.09 945 1.32 87 4,'i4 2 22 312 5.24 2.049 1.34 90 457 2.36 365 3.78 1.090 1.30 83 414 2.30 342 2.65 489 1 20 69 338 2.32 350 2,50 422 1 20 69 265 2.15 288 2 42 389 1 20 69 2.02 247 1.19 68 MILK RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN SESSIONAL PAPER No 25d. Daily Gauge-height and Discharge of Milk River at Milk River, Alta., for 1911. — Con. 133 August. September. October. November. December. Day. Dis- Gauge Dis- Gauge Dis- Gauge Dis- Gauge Dis- Height. charge. Height. charge Height charge Height. charge. Height. charge. Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft Feel. Sec.-ft. 1 1.34 1.51 90 122 1.10 1 05 56 50 1.58 1.55 131 125 1.70 1.75 147 159 2 28 2.27 121 2 120 3 1.41 103 1.14 61 1.55 125 1.80 171 2.30 125 4 1.46 112 1,50 120 1.65 144 1.85 184 2.30 124 5 1.45 110 2 50 422 1.78 172 1.95 208 2.30 122 li 1 47 1.62 1.75 114 146 176 3 50 3.50 3.00 927 927 730 1.71 1 65 1 60 156 142 131 1.95 1.80 1 50 205 169 95 2.28 2.28 2.28 121 120 »:.:::::.::.:::::: 120 n 1.71 1 65 166 l.l2 2 .So 2.40 053 427 1 .i6 1 .bb 123 120 1.50 1.45 85 69 2.28 2.23 ■ 119 10.; ;::::.:: 115 11 1 53 125 2.10 303 1.53 116 1.70t 81 2.20 112 12 1..W 120 1.91 236 X.52 112 1 70 80 2.15 97 13 1.46 112 l.SO 200 1.52 112 1.70 81 2.00 67 14 1.40 101 1 66 160 1.53 112 1,75 84 2.00 65 IS 1.31 85 1 63 148 1.57 120 1.90 93 2.00 64 IS 1.26 77 1.52 123 1.50 107 2.15t 111 2.10 68 17 1 21 70 1.56 131 1.48 103 2.40 136 2 10 66 18 1.18 66 1.58 135 1.50 107 2 35 132 2.10 62 19 1 10 56 1 65 150 1.50 107 2.30 128 2.08 60 20 1.10 56 1.60 138 1.50 107 2 25 123 2.03 53 21 1.10 1.10 . 56 56 1.57 1.58 131 134 1.51 1.50 109 107. 2 25 2.25 121 122 2.00 2.02 47 22 47 23 1.10 56 1 59 138 1 53 112 2.25t 120 2.02 48 24 1.10 56 1.66 149 1.50 107 2.30 122 2.02 45 25 1.15 62 1.68 153 1.50 107 2.30 121 2.05 47 26 1,14 61 1.77 172 1.40 89 2.37 128 2.05 46 1 15 62 1.78 177 1 30 73 2 37 126 2 09 47 28 1.15 62 1.68 152 1.55 116 2.35 125 2.20 51 29 1.18 66 1.60 1.34 1.60 125 2.33 123 2.25 48 30 ■ 1.20 69 1.59 132 1.65 136 2.28 J22 2.25 47 '' i 1.15 62 1.70 147 2.28 49 * Ice on river. f Ice conditions after Nov. lOth. X Water was running over the ice from Xov. 16th to 23 (inc.) Note — Discharge for Gauge-heights over 5.00 only approximate, approximate. Daily discharges for Xov. and Dec. are only Monthly Discharge of Milk River at Milk River, Alta., for 1911 Drainage area, 1.077 square miles. MOSTH. Discharge in Second-Feet. Run-Off, , Maximum Minimum. Mean. Per Square Mile. Depth in inches on Total in Drainage ' Acre-Feet. .\rea. AprU May June 589 1.884 2.049 401 176 927 172 208 125 111 224 101 68 56 - 50 73 69 45 308 399 355 128 91.2 252 119 126 79 0 286 0.370 0.329 0.119 0.085 0.234 0.110 0.118 0.073 0.32 0.43 0 37 July August September October ^.. 0.14 0 10 0 26 0 13 The period 18.327 24.534 21.124 7.870 5.607 14.995 7.317 7.498 4.858 112.130 134 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 MiLK-RlVER AT WrITING-ON-STONE PoUCE DETACHMENT, ALTA. This station was established on August 2, 1909, by F. H. Peters. It is located at VVriting- on-stone R. N. W. M. P. detachment, in the SAV. 'i Sec. 35, Tp. 1, Rge. 13, \V. 4th Mer. It is 17 miles by trail from Coults and 25 miles from Milk River station. The river Hows in one channel at all stages. It is straight for 300 feet above and 250 feet below the station. Both banks are slightly wooded, high and not liable to overflow except in extreme flood stages of the stream. The bed of the stream is composed of sand, which is con- stantly shifting. Discharge measurements arc made during high water by means of a cable, car, tagged wire and stay wire, and at low stages by wading. The initial point for soundings is 50 feet south of a post on the right bank, marked "t50". The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is fixed to a post at the right bank. The zero (elev., 80.13) is referred to a permanent iron bench-mark (assumed elev., 100.00), located on the right bank directly under the cable and one foot north of the tower. During 1911, the gauge was read by constable A. P. White. Discharge Measurements of Milk River, at Writing-on-Stone Police Detachment, in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. April 17 May 4 Mav 14 N McL Sutherland Fett. 66.0 74.7 81.7 86 0 87.0 88.7 68.5 46.0 61.0 49.0 48.0 88.0 63.0 80.0 77.0 75.0 Sj. ft. 114.53 ' 97 11 111.46 150.64 123.76 93.80 97.90 63.27 1 97.73 1 54.17 44.25 148.58 80.79 102.18 83.93 98.85 Ft. per sec. 2.04 2.17 2.11 2.10 1.73 1.55 1.78 1.49 1.83 1.07 1.20 1 87 1.62 1 41 1 47 1.27 Feel. 2.52 2 36 2 47 2 85 2.45 2.21 2.36 1.94 2.34 1 67 1 66 2 70 2 13 2 21 2 09 2.25 Sec.-ft. 233 84 do do 211 .32« 234 .40* May 24 June 6 316, 86* do 214. 60» June 16 . . do 145.17* July 7 do 174 56» July 25 . . do 94.50 Aug. 11 do 178.82 Aug 21 do 58.19 Sept. 2 do 53.05 Sept 12 do 277 38* do 130 ns* Oct 4 do 143 98* Oct. 23 do 122 94* Nov 7 do 125.75* • Measurement not taken at regular station. MILK RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN 135 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 23d D\ILY G\UGE-HEIGHT AND DISCHARGE of Milk River at Writing-on-Stone Police Detachment, Alta., for 1911. D.VY. January. Gauge Height, Dis- charge. February. Gaude Height, Dis- charge . March. Gauge Height. Dis- charge April. Gauge Height. Dis- charge May. Gauge Height Dis- charge . June. Gauge Height Dis- charge. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. \l 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29 30. 31. Feet. 1.89 1.78 1.91 1.95 2.05 2.00 1.94 1.88 1.78 1.70 1.65 1.60 1.57 1.61 1.69 1.78 1.80 1.79 1.82 1 72 1.67 1.72 1.85 1.89 1.95 1.96 2.04 2.03 Sec.-Jt. Feet. 2.31 2.35 2.38 2 43 2.45 2.52 2 51 2 50 2 55 2.55 2.57 2 57 2 60 2.64 2.77 2.79 2.77 2.74 2.78 2.85 2.89 2.91 2.93 2.75 2.75 2.78 2.81 2.80 Sec.-ft. Feet 2.82 2.84 2.81 2.83 2.87 2.82 2.79 2.80 2.82 2.76 2.73 2.90 2.88 3.06 2.85 2.99 3.05 2.90 2.83 2.78 4.52 3.71 3.50 3.39 3 34 3 21 3 02 2.93 2.88 2.92 Sec.-ft. 683 593 547 526 474 401 369 351 365 Feet. 3.17 3.05 2.73 2.49 1.96 2.26 2.33 2.50 2.38 2.55 2.76 3.23 2.94 2.69 2.59 2.54 2.49 2.56 2.61 2.75 2.87 2 96 3.11 2 93 2.81 Sec.-ft. 458 412 300 226 108 120 186 229 197 244 309 482 372 287 256 241 226 248 264 307 274 335 439 489 418 362 395 451 385 345 Feet. 2.39 2.36 2.39 •2.44 *2.49 2.54 2.63 2.86 2.88 2.64 2.45 2.51 2.46 2.50 2.57 3.33 4.60 4.31 3.61 3.28 3.02 2.80 2.79 2.84 2.89 2.91 2.98 3.82 2.93 2.98 2.89 Sec.-ft. 210 201 218 233 247 263 289 366 372 291 233 230 234 245 262 532 1,128 969 636 494 391 312 305 318 335 342 367 384 332 371 342 Feet. 2.45 2.44 2.37 2.30 2.32 2 60 2.32 2 25 2.24 2.22* 2.19* 2.16 2.15 2.11 2.08 2.02 2.34 2.05 2.76 3.50 6.20 4.76 3.94 3.52 3.31 Sec.-ft. 278 232 223 216 271 215 211 193 175 179 252 177 159 157 150 141 136 134 126 120 109 175 114 291 569 2.068 1,179 761 577 492 136 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 Daily Gauge-height and Discharge of Milk River at Writing-on-Stonc Polite Detachment, Alta., for X^n.—Conlinued. November. X Observer absent. * No observation, gauge height interpolated. NoTE^-Gauge was read durinR January, February' and March, but the stream was frozen over, and as no dis- charee measurements were made during that period the daily discharges could not be computed. All gauge heights after March 23 have been reduced to 12 o'clcok noon. Discharges for gauge heights over 3.00 are estimated. Monthly Discharge of Milk River, near Writing-on-Stone Police Detachment, for 1911. Drainage area, 1,620 square miles. Discharge in Second-Feet. Rira-OFF. Month. Depth in Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per Square Mile. Inches on Drainage. Area. Total in Acre-Feet. March (23-31) 683 489 351 108 479 317 0.308 0.196 0.10 0.22 8,551 April 18,863 May 1.128 209 371 0.229 0.26 22,812 June 2.068 109 334 0.206 0.23 19,874 July 316 78 161 0.099 O.U 9.900 August 187 41 98 0.039 0.07 .i,903 September 827 68 244 0.150 0.17 14,519 October 170 57 134 0.083 0.10 8.239 189 120 166 0.102 0.02 1.975 The period . 110,636 Plate Xo. 21. \'iew on Milk River near Pendant d'Orcillc Police Detachment. Taken bv F. H. Peters. MILK RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN 137 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Milk River at Pendant d'Oreille Police Detachment, Alta. This station was established by F. H. Peters on August 5, 1909. It is located 300 feet upstream from the buildings of the police post, on the S.W. J^ Sec. 21, Tp. 2, Rge. 8, W. 4th Mer., and is about (il miles by trail from Milk River station. The river flows in one channel which at ordinar>' stages is about 150 feet wide. It is straight for about 400 feet above and 300 feet below the station. The right bank is low, covered with small willows, and liable to overflow at high stages. The left bank is high, almost clear and not liable to overflow. The bed of the stream is composed of sand and is constantly changing. Discharge measurements are made during high water by a means of a cable, car, tagged wire, and stay wire, and at low stages by wading. The initial point for soundings is the face of a cedar post on the left bank. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is at the left bank, about 80 feet downstream from the cable. The zero (elev., 82.45) is referred to a permanent iron bench-mark (assumed elev., 100.00), located directly under the cable, about five feet from the tower on the left bank. During 1911, the gauge was read by Corporal T. B. Caulkin. Discharge Measuremehts of Milk River at Pendant d'Oreille Police Detachment, Alta., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. April 19 April 2r>, May 7 May IL' May L".i June 3 June IS June 23 July 12 July 21 Aug. 12 Aug. 17 Sept. 24. Oct. 1 . Oct. 27 Nov. 3. Feel. N. McL. Sutherland 147.6 do 173.7 do 163.2 do J. E. Degnan 140.0 do 120.5 do 113.5 do IIS.O do 87.0 do 62.0 do 159.5 do 1.5S .0 do 119.0 do 132.0 do 146.5 do 147.5 Sq. ft. 131 34 245.97 164.82 199.94 150.13 93.87 100.74 91.21 64.87 127.68 99.56 116.02 113.16 114.97 142,15 Ft. per sec. 1.840 2.040 1.400 1.990 1.590 1.540 l.SOO 1.690 1.570 1 374 1.040 1.750 1.5S9 1.110 0.979 Feel. 3 03 3.63 3.08 3.15 3.55 3.21 2.78 2.84 2 93 2.75 3.06 2.77 3.13 3.07 2.95 3.125 See.-ft. 244,19 501,51 231.34 231 ,21 397.87 238.87 133.51 152.06 153.99* 102.17* 175,50 103.62 203.12 179,83 128,24 139.33 * Discharge measured by wading at a point down stream from the gauge 138 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 Daily Gauge-height and Discharge of Milk River at Pendant d'Orcille Police Detachment, Alta., in 1911. January. February. March. April. May. June. Day. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge 1 Dis- Height.] charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feel. 2.90 2.90 2.90 * * 2.85 2.85 2.83 2.83 2 83 * « 2.85 2.85 2.80 2.77 2.75 2.73 2.68 2.68 2.66 2.65 2.65 2.55 2.56 2.48 2.47 2.40 2.33 2.35 * Sec-Si. Feet. * 2.50 2.50 2.53 2.55 2.55 2 52 2.55 2.57 2 63 2.60 2.57 * * 2.00 1 97 1.80 1.78 2.00 2.00 2 17 2,24 2 25 2.37 2.25 2.27 2.30 Sec.-fl. .... .... Feet. 2.34 * 2.37 2.40 2.45 2.50 * * 3.00 3.10 3.34 3.04 3.05 2.95 2.87 2.90 2.91 2.86 2.85 3.01 3.25 3.31 4.17 4 00 3 95 4 04 4.02 * * * 4.00 Sec.-fl. Feet. 3.57 3.80 3.46 3.12 2.78 2.96 3.11 3.05 3.05 2.97 3.03 3.36 3.76 3.41 3.21 3.09 3.05 3.05 3.03 3.09 3.23 3.17 3 45 3.58 3.63 3.57 3.48 3.62 3.65 3.61 Sec-fl. 516 638 458 286 155 216 282 254 254 220 246 406 617 431 329 272 254 254 246 261 317 277 412 478 501 469 422 496 512 490 Feet. 3.46 3.33 3.28 3 14 3.05 3.03 3.07 3.07 3.36 3.38 3.20 3 20 3.19 3.17 3.21 3.36 4.22 4.83 4.38 3.93 3.74 3.60 3.44 3.38 3.41 3.44 3.45 3.48 3.53 3.54 3.56 Sec.-fl. 412 345 311 257 219 211 227 221 345 352 258 254 246 236 252 320 774 1.118 859 612 506 434 350 318 331 346 347 362 388 393 403 Feet. 3.48 3.30 3 26 3 27 3.25 3.25 3.19 3.11 3.08 3.00 3.04 3 06 3 02 2 98 2.94 2.90 2 86 2. SI 2.77 2.76 2.79 2.79 2.80 4.02 3.97 5.63 5.10 4 56 4.30 4.01 Sec.-fl. 362 2..: 274 3 2S6 4 265 5 259 6 262 7 240 8 212 9... 201 10 176 11 194 12 205 13 ' 195 14 181 15 169 16. . 160 17 151 18.-. 140 19 130 20... . 132 21 139 22 23....... . 139 142 24 719 25 688 26 1.541 27 1.331 28 1,014 29 863 30 702 31 .1//Z.A' RIVER DR.IINACE BASI.X 139 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 2od D.\iLY Gauge-height and Dischakge of Miik River at Pendant d'Oreille Police Detachment, Alta., for 1911. — Continued. July^ August. September. October. November. Day. Gaugp Hpight. Dir- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- Gauge charge. Height. Dis- charge. 1.. Feet. 4.67 4.23 3.83 3.73 3.49 3.39 3.26 3.19 3.09 3.04 3.00 2.95 2.85 2. S3 2.83 2.76 2 69 2.70 2.71 2.73 2.73 2.77 2.80 2.79 2.77 2.74 2.72 2.69 2.66 2.63 2.61 Sec-fl. 1.069 817 600 .543 414 356 289 255 213 194 178 159 132 129 126 111 98 97 99 101 99 106 111 109 106 101 97 92 88 84 80 Feet. 2.58 2 66 2.65 2.69 2.74 2 81 3.05 3.06 3.08 3.09 3.07 3.05 3.01 2.97 2. 98 2.96 2.82 2.70 2.67 2.63 2.60 . 2.59 2.57 2.57 2.56 2.56 2.58 2.57 2.56 2.54 2.53 Sec.-fl 76 88 86 92 101 113 174 178 184 1S8 181 m 150 153 148 115 94 89 84 79 78 75 73 74 74 76 75 74 71 70 Feet. 2.51 2 50t 2.5i; 4 071 4.74 5.02 4.83 4.55 4 41 4.38 4.18 3 98 3.76 3.49 3.36 3 26 3.22 3.16 3.13 3.12 3.10 3.12 3.16 3.05 3.03 3.08 3 16 3.20 3.18 3 14 Sec. ft. 67 66 67 673 1.047 1.210 1,098 938 860 843 732 623 507 367 302 256 239 214 203 199 191 199 214 174 174 184 214 230 222 207 Feci. 3.08 3.10 3.42 3.39 3 30 3.30 3.28 3.23 3 19 3.14 3.12 3 09 3.08 3 05 3 03 3.03 3 01 3 00 2.99 2.98 2.98 2.98 2.99 2.9S 2.97 2.97 2.95 2.94 2.92 2.94 2 96 Sec.-fl. 184 191 327 309 268 266 237 236 219 197 190 177 174 163 . 157 1 166 i 151 147 1 144 ] 139 1 139 i 13R 140 1 1,^6 135 133 128 122 115 115 115 Feet. 2.97 J. 00 3.15 5.17 3.15 3,13 3.10 3.08 ... Sec.-fl. 114 2 116 3 147 4 153 5. 147 6 142 7... . . . . 134 8 . 129 0 10. . . 11 12 13 14 IS 16 17. 18 19 20 21 22 . 23 -r.... 24 25 26 27. 28 29 3o:::::;::;:::::::; 31 Note — Gauge was read during January, Februan'. and March, but the stream was frozen over and as no dis- charge measurements were made during that period the daily discharge could not be computed. All gauge heights have been reduced to 12 o'clock noon. Discharges for gauge heights over 3.80 are estimated. * Ob^'erver away. t River frozen over, observations discontinued. J No observation, gauge height interpolated. Monthly Discharge of Milk River at Pendant d'Oreille Police Detachment, Alta., for 1911. Drainage area, 2,175 square miles. Discharge in SECONt>-FEET. Rito-Off. MOSTH. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per Square Mile. 1 Depth in ! Inches on [ Total in Drainage Acre-Feet. Area. April 638 155 2U 130 80 70 66 115 114 366 419 382 228 111 417 176 135 0 169 0 192 0,176 0.105 0 051 0.192 0.081 0 062 0 19 ' 21.779 0 22 25 763 May 1,118 ■ 1 541 0 20 22.731 0 r' 14 019 July 1 069 188 September October 1.210 327 0.21 , 24.813 0 09 1 in S22 November (1-S) 153 0 02 2 146 ' 140 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1S12 Mii.K River at Spicncer's Lower Ranxhe, Alta. This station was established on August 7, 1909, by F. H. Peters. It is located on the S.E. H Sec. 1, Tp. 1, Rgc. 5, \\". 4th Mer., about 1000 feet upstream from the International boundary. It is 90 miles by trail from Milk River station, 26 miles from Pendant d'Oreille police detachment and 19 miles from Wild Horse police detachment. The river flows in one channel at all stages. It is straight for about 300 feet above and 500 feet below the station. The right bank is low, wooded and liable to overrtow during e.xtreme flood stages. The bed is composed of sand, which is constantly shifting. Di.scharge measurements are made during high water b>' means of a cable, car, tagged wire, and stay wire, and at low stages by wading. The initial point for soundings is the inner face of a round post on the left bank. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is fixed to a post at the right bank, about 450 feet below the cable. The zero (elev., 85.32) is referred to a permanent iron Ijench-mark (assumed elev., 100.00) located on the left bank, 450 feet below the cable and directly opposite the gauge. During 1911, the gauge was read by Charles Lattimer. Discharge Measurements of Milk River at Spencer's Lower Ranche, Alta., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. April 21 May 9 May 31 June 20 July 14 Aug. 14 Sept. 26 Oct. 29 . Sutherland do Feet. 96.0 100.5 94.5 95.0 88.0 105.0 105.0 102.5 .W ft. 136 63 152 65 178.77 • 86 63 100.99 102 26 130 15 86.55 Ft. per sec. 1.980 1.680 2 146 1.527 1 395 1.510 1.678 1.330 Peel. 2.85 2 84 3 22 2 42 2.40 2.54 2 64 2.20 See.-ft. 270.35 255 97 Degnan do 383.57 132 30 do 140 . 92* do 151 46 do 218.48 do 115.76 * Measurement not taken at regu'ar station. Daily Gauge-height and Discharge of Milk- River at Spencer's Lower Ranche, Alta., for 1911. March. April. May. June. Day. Gauge Dis- Gauge Dis- Gauge Dis- Gauge Dis- Height. charge. Height. charge. Height. charge. Height. cliarge. Feet. Sec.-fl. Feet. Sec.-ft. Feel. Sec.-fl. Feet. Sec.-fl. 1 1 3.13 357 3.18 367 3 20 379 2 3.18 373 3.04 323 3.05 334 3 3.40 444 2.84 263 2 98 309 4 3.18 373 2.76 235 2 91 289 5 1 2,20 114 2.68 214 2.90 287 6 2.44 161 2.51 1 170 2.88 279 7 2.16 108 2.65 1 204 2 86 274 8 2.89 2.70 280 227 2.69 214 2.84 ; 256 2.87 2.84 275 9 269 10 2.79 252 2.94 280 2,75 240 11 1 2.70 227 3.00 ' 306 2,65 212 12 2.65 214 2.78 ' 241 2,58 193 13 2.10 99 2.87 269 2,76 239 14...; 1 2.36 ' 3.08 144 341 2.77 242 2.84 ' 262 2,74 2,62 232 15 198 16 2.80 255 3.00 315 3.00 310 2.56 190 17 2.78 249 ■ 2.85 269 2.94 291 2.53 171 18 2.76 244 2.76 244 4.68 1,013 2 51 162 19 2.74 238 2.84 266 4.28 804 2 45 144 20 2.86 272 2.78 249 3.90 630 2.43 135 21 3.05 331 2.84 266 3.90 630 2.39 129 22 2.98 309 3.00 317 3.34 420 2.97 i275 23 3.63 528 2.76 243 3.23 387 2.64 183 24 4 60 981 2.88 275 3.10 347 2.59 171 25 3.86 619 3.30 407 3.05 330 3.64 490 26 3.84 611 3.30 407 3.17 369 3.72 519 27 3.68 547 3.25 391 3.14 361 5.86 1.655 28 3.60 516 3.14 355 3.13 358 4.62 948 29 3.54 494 3.32 411 3.19 375 4.13 701 30 3.24 392 3.33 414 3 25 395 3.78 549 31 3.10 347 3.24 392 Plate No. 22. Mi^ •se" m i^^ '^V as ^^^ .*• Camp Equipmenl of the Hydrographcr in the Western Cypress Hills district. MILK RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN 141 SESSIONAL PAPEH No. 25d Daily Gauge-height and Discharge of Milk River at Spencer's Lower Ranche, Alta., for 1911. — Continued. July. August. . September. October. November. Day. Gauge Height. -Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feel. 4.32 ■4.45 3.69 3.55 3.53 3.34 3,20 2.96 2.75 2.74 2.68 2.53 2.51 2.44 2.35 2 33 2.25 2 25 2.23 2 24 2.14 2.24 2.24 2.26 2.28 2 25 2.22 2.18 2 15 2 13 2.10 Sec.-fl. 789 853 520 469 461 399 355 291 229 218 213 188 166 149 129 126 116 115 108 110 95 110 110 112 115 111 105 98 93 90 87 Feet. 2.10 2.05 2 20 2 25 2.38 ' 2.45 2 34 2. 56 2.54 2.63 2 70 2 65 2 61 2.60 2.51 2.46 2.48 2 38 2.30 2.27 2.10 2 05 2.05 2.04 1.99 2.03 2.00 2 00 1 99 1.98 1.96 Sec.-fl 87 78 99 107 129 142 120 164 159 180 195 182 172 169 150 140 145 128 114 109 86 79 79 79 72 76 75 75 74 75 71 Feel. 1.95 1.94 1.95 3.84 4.08 5.45 4.87 4.82 4.32 4.00 -3.96 3.74 3.56 3.35 3.29 3.05 2.89 2 80 2.74 2.72 2.64 2.68 2.76 2.75 2.69 2.64 2.75 2.64 2.69 2.64 Sec.-f.. 70 71 72 582 689 1.409 1.088 1.068 809 660 646 559 510 419 400 325 279 253 235 233 211 222 246 245 231 216 . 249 218 232 218 Feet. 2 64 2.55 3.02 2.96 3.08 2.85 2.84 2.84 2,85 2.86 2.78 2.70 2.64 2.58 2.52 2.47 2.45 2 44 2.42 2.41 2.39 2.36 2 36 2.37 2.38 2 35 2.31 2.29 2 24 2.30 2.28 Sec.-fl. 218 194 331 312 350 278 275 275 278 281 259 235 218 202 186 174 169 166 162 159 155 149 149 151 153 146 138 134 124 136 132 Feel. 2.44 2.10 2.10 2.68 2.36 2.60 2.65 2.83 2.63 2.64 2.74 2.66 2.56 2.52 2.58 2.58 2.59 2.60 .... .... Sec.-fl. 167 2 101 3 101 4 229 V..:.: :::.:::. 149 6 . 207 7 221 8 .. . . . . . * 9 10 11 . 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23... 24 25... 26 28 29 30 31 Note — Discharges for gauge heights over 3.40 are estimated. * Ice conditions, not sufficient data to compute the discharge aft»r Nov. 7. Monthly Discharge of Milk River at Spencer's Lower Ranche, Alta., for 1911. Drainage area, 2,448 square miles. Discharge in Second-Feet. Maximum. Minimum. March (16-31) .. April May. . June July August September October November U-7) . The period 981 444 ,013 ,6.53 .S53 193 ,409 3.i0 220 238 99 170 129 87 71 70 124 101 433 285 363 348 230 116 422 200 168 Per Square Mile. 0.177 0.116 0.148 0.142 0.094 0.048 0.172 0.082 0.069 RuN-OrF. Depth in • Inches on I Total in Drainage j Acre-Feet. Area. .10 .13 .17 .16 .11 .06 .19 .09 .02 1 03 13.751 16,959 22.320 20.707 14,142 7,133 25,111 12,298 2,332 134,733 142 STREAM .\fEASUREME.\TS, 10 11 2 GEORGE v.. A. 1912 .S s 2 O JO n * i z i N ca « O 3 B5S » « in CJ s '^S< tn r» cs « « « 00 cs ■ 1 ss •« h =5< t^ O « z ■ t^ 00 • .-1 ^ t^ 1 e ^^ « « el fa • •2§ 2 S g C4 t B w O W TJ" « S " tC ad ci ■* o f2« W CI V V < 2 s ■3 . 1 9 = s! a • N O N 1 z c •5 o i2 00 o ; '' h - o >o 00 "d r - « t* Tj< c ■^ o H H -H (M N c _o 3 < c ft 00 o en m ui d D ^ t- o 1 ^ r- «o i>- 00 »2 3 2 ■a < Q( ) o» cs •A D en 0 > O OS •«• -? C tf > o cc «D U3 « Z U a H R "rt « »o CO < c ^ to t^ .2 ,o *a kO C^ *& H 1 < OS 00 b- 1 o to ^ « o < i .2 P rt is •a ■f l> o ■o rt — OS 'S' < c U -* rt « ■* *? g^ T o T ^ OS < 2 « eJ £ CO ^ ^ o i c i i o: C4 V S ^ 0! _« o u jrf w -a e ■=: ? s; 1 s & £ 1 MILK RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN U3 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Deer Creek at Dickinson's Ranche, Alta. This station was established May 26, 1911, by J. E. Degnan. It is 22 miles by trail from Courts and is located on the S.W. }-i Sec. 15, Tp. 1, Rge. 12, \V. 4th Mer., about 300 feet above the dam and intake of Dickinson Bros' irrigation ditch and about one quarter of a mile above their ranche buildings. The stream flows in one channel and is straight for about 30 feet above and 100 feet below the station. The right bank is composed of a sandy loam, covered with rose bushes, and is liable to overflow. The left bank is high and liable to overflow. The bed of the stream is com- posed of gravel and sand, and is about 40 feet wide. In ordinary" stages the stream averages from six feet to ten feet wide, and runs along the right side of the bed. It is liable to great change in high water, but apparently remains constant in low water. Discharge measurements are made by wading. The initial point for sounding is the face of a stake driven in the left bank and marked 'LP.' The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is located at the right bank. The zero (elev., 90.72) is referred to the top of a post at the final point for soundings on the right bank (assumed elev., 100.00). During 1911, the gauge was read by N. Dickinson. Discharge Measurements of Deer Creek at Dickinson's Ranche, Alta., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. May 26 June 6 . . . J. E. Degnan do Feet. 7.5 7 0 Sq. ft. 3 29 3.22 9.77 3 25 2.54 5.44 2 B8 2.00 5. SO 4.74 4.30 Ft. per sec. 0.81 0 79 2.13 1.38 0.."i4 1.16 0.94 0 27 1.19 0.70 0 60 Feet. 1.75 1.75 2.34 2.16 2.03 2 19 2 10 1.97 1.46 1.29 1.22 Sec.-ft. 2.67 June 26 do 25.0 20 82 July 8 do 7 0 4 48* July 24 do 7.0 1 36 Aug. 11 do 19 0 6 30 Aug. 21 do 6 0 2 51 Sept. 2 do 6 0 Sept. 20 do 8 3 Oct. 24 do 7.5 3 30 Nov. 6 do 8.0 2 56 * Gauged upstream from the regular section. 144 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1SI2 Daily Gauge-height and Discharge of Deer Creek at Dickinson's Ranche, Alta., for 1911. May. June. Ju >■■ Gauge Dis- Gauge Height. charge. Height. Dis- Gauge Dis- charge. Height. charge. 1 Feet. Sec.-fl. Feet. 1 80 Sec.-ft. Feel. 4 20 2 60 3 60 2 50 3.00 2.40 3.00 2 30 2.70 2.20 2.10 2,15 1.80 2.14 1.20 2.13 1.06 2.12 0.99 2.11 0.85 2.10 0.78 2.09 0.78 2,08 0.71 2 06 0,71 2 05 0,57 2 05 0,45 2,04 0,40 2 06 0 57 2 06 0,57 2,05 0 85 2 04 0,99 . 2,05 1,06 2 05 127.00 2.05 99.00 2.04 21.30 2 04 18,10 2,04 16,00 2,05 11 .W 2.00 4,75 2,05 2,04 Sec.-fl. 2 1 78 39 0 3 I 76 4 1 76 16 0 7.0 4.75 5 1 75 6 ... . 1 73 7 1 72 8 1 70 3 85 9 1 68 3.40 2.95 10 11 1 65 12 1 1 64 2 35 13 1 64 o 20 14 15 1 63 16 1 61 1 75 17 1 59 1.60 r 90 18 1 58 19 . _ . . 1 fil 20 1 61 1 75 21.. 1 65 22 1 67 1 75 1 fiS 24 i 3 00 1 75 ^ 1 2 90 1.75 1.75 1.77 1.78 1.82 1.82 2.70 2.35 2.70 2.32 3.30 2.30 3.60 2 25 5.60 2.15 5.60 I 60 27 .; 1 60 1 75 29 1 00 1 75 31 1 60 MILK RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN 145 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Daily Gauge-height and Dikceurge of Deer Creek at Dickinson's Ranche, Alta., for 19U. — Continued. August. September. October. November. Day. Gauge Dis- Height. charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Dis- | Gauge Height. charge. Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feel. 2.04 2.25 2.25 2 25 2 24 2.25 2.26 2.27 2.28 2.24 2.19 2.18 2.J7 2 16 Sec.-ft. 1.60 11.50 11.50 11.50 10.60 11.50 12.40 13.30 14.20 10.60 6.50 6.10 5.60 3 20 F«(. 1.97 1.97 .... Sec.-ft. 0.70 0.70 Feel. 1.39 1.43 1.49 1.53 1.59 1.67 1.67 1.63 1.60 1.56 Sec-ft. 5.00 5 70 6.80 8.84 10 50 12.60 12 60 11 40 10.50 9.68 Feel. Sec.-ft. i::::::::::;;::::; 4 5 6 . 1 22 1 2 60 7 1 22 2.60 8 9 10 11 12 ... ::;: | :::: , i;44 5^92 i;29 3.30 1.29 3 30 1.29 3 30 ' 1 .... 1 .... ^ 13 i!46 .... 6 30 14 15 16 . 2 14 4.30 2 11 2 95 2.08 1 2 20 2.06 1 90 ... 1 .... 17 IS 19 2.06 2.08 2.10 2 02 1.90 2.20 2.50 1 30 20...: 21 22 23 24 25 .'. 2.01 1.15 2.01 1 15 2.02 1 1.30 2.01 1.15 2 01 115 27 .... I .... 28.... 1.99 1.98 1.98 1.97 0 90 0.80 O.SO 0.70 29 30 ; 31 1 Note — Hea^'y rains in early part of September caused a larger runHDff during that month than usual, but on Sept. 4 the gauge was washed out and no obser\-ations were made during the high water period. The gauge was re-established on Sept. 19. but the observer was away from home from Sept. 20 to Oct. 1. and from Oct. 10 to Oct. 20. and no observations were made during his absence. Creek froze over Oct. 25. Opened Nov. 6 and 7 and froze up again on Nov. 8. Monthly Discharge of Deer Creek near Dickinson's Ranche, for 1911. Drainage area. 6 square miles. Month. Discharge in Second-Feet. Rito-Off. Maximum M mimum. Mean. i ■ Per Square MUe. Depth in Inches on Drainage Area. Total in Acre-Feet. May (26-31) . 5.6 127.0 50.5 14.2 6.30 12.6 2.7 0.40 1.00 0.70 0.70 3.30 3.92 11.0 6.34 5.17 2.57 7.80 ' 0.653 1.830 1.060 0.862 .428 1.300 0.15 2.04 1.22 0.99 0.05 0.68 47 June 655 Julv 390 August 318 September (1, 2a 20, nd 20) 15 October (1-10 22-24) . 217 1.642 Deer Creek at Deer Creek Cattle Company's Ranche. This station was established May 27, 1911, by J. E. Degnan. It is 24 miles by trail from Coutts, and is located on the N.E. \i Sec. 26, Tp. 1, Rge. 12, W. 4th Mer. It is about one mile upstream from the Deer Creek Cattle Co's ranche buildings, three quarters of a mile above their dam and intake, and three miles below Dickinson Bros' dam and intake. 146 STREAM MEASCREiMENTS, 1911 2 GEOKCIE v.. A. I9I2 The stream flows in one channel and is straight for sixty feet above and fifty feet below the station. The rij^ht bank is composed of a sandy loam, and is liable to overflow during high water for about forty feet from the bank. The left bank is composed of a sandy loam, is high with a gradual slope and not liable to overflow. The bed of the stream consists of gravel and sand, and is liable to great change in high water, apparently remaining constant during low water. Discharge measurements are made by wading. The initial point for sounding is the face of a cedar post in the left bank, marked 'B.M.' The gauge is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, located at the right bank, The zero (elev., S9.47) is referred to the top of the post at the initial point for soundings on the left bank (assumed elev., 100.00). During 1911, the gauge was read by H. Webster. Discharge Measurements of Deer Creek at Deer Creek Cattle Company's Ranche, in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Discharge. He:ght. May 27 J. E. Degnan. June 25 do July 8 do July 24 1 do Aug. 21 do Sept. 20 do Oct. 25 1 do Nov. 6 do Fttl. Sq.ft. Ft. per sec. Ftct. SfC.-fl. 6 5 2 33 0.906 1 710 2.11 14.0 12.68 3.540 2 560 44 87« 8.5 4.04 1.130 . 2 140 4 54 7.0 1.69- 0.437 1 940 0 74 6.0 2 56 0 679 2 030 1 74 8.5 4.30 1 374 2.560 5 91 8.0 3 68 0 959 2.495 3 53 8.0 2.88 0 559 2 420 1.61 * Measurement not taken at regular station. MILK RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN 147 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Daily G\uge-height and Discharge of Deer Creek at Deer Creek Cattle Co's Ranche, Alta., for 1911. May. June. July. August. September. October. Day. Gauge Height. Dis- charg Gauge e. Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- Gauge charge. 1 Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 2 Feet. .... i;74 1.77 • 1.77 1.85 1.87 Scc.-J 3.k 3.8f 3.8C 6.1C 6.8C <. Feet. 1.83 1.81 1.74 1.74 1.73 1.71 1.65 1.65 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.58 1.52 1.48 1.48 1.48 1.48 1.48 1.48 1.54 1.71 1.71 2.56 t Sec.-ft. 5.50 4.80 3.00 3.00 2.80 2.30 1.30 1,30 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.40 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0 10 0.10 0.30 2,30 2,30 44,96 Feel. 2,14 1,99 1 99 1,98 1 98 1,98 1 99 2,00 1,99 1,98 1,97 1 96 1,95 1,93 1 93 2 01 1 94 1,95 1,96 1 97 1,95 r,94 1 94 1.93 Sec.-ft. iio 1.60 1.60 1.40 1.40 1.40 1 60 1.70 1.60 1.40 1 30 1.10 1.00 0.70 0.70 1 90 0 90 1,00 1,10 1,30 1 00 0 90 0 90 0.70 Feel. 1.93 1.93 1.98 Sec.-ft. Feel. * * * * * * • * * * * « * * * * 2.56 2.55 2.58 2.59 2,59 2,58 2,58 2,56 2,55 2,56 2,56 Sec.-ft. .... eloo 5.60 6.80. 7.10 7,10 6.80 6,80 6,00 5 60 6 00 6,00 Feel. 2.57 2.59 2.59 * 2.50 2.47 2.50 2.52 Sec.-ft. 6.40 7.10 3 7.10 4 2,00 1 .... 5 ... 2.03 2.03 2J0O 2 00 2 00 2,00 2,01 2,02 2,03 2,00 2,00 2,00 2,00 a 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2,00 2 00 19 20 1.99 1.98 1.98 1.97 1.97 1.98 2.00 2 00 2,00 2,00 2 00 2.00 '...'. '.'.'.'. 21 22 23... 24 25.. .. 3.80 26 3.00 27... 3.80 28 4.50 29r 30 .. 31 Gauge heights for August are not reliable on account of changing conditions. Discharge for gauge heights above 2.56 estimated. •No observations. JGauge washed out. JGauge replaced. Monthly Discharge of Deer Creek at Deer Creek Cattle Company's Ranche, for 1911. Drainage area. 13 square miles. Month. Discharge in Second-Feet. Run-Off. Maximum I Per Square Mile. Depth in Inches on Total in Drainage '. Acre-Feet. Area. May (27-31) June (1-23 and 25).. July (8-31) September (20-30) . . October (1-3, 25-28) The period 4 70 0.362 0 07 47 3 21 0.247 0 22 153 1 35 0,104 0 09 64 6 3 0,488 0,20 138 5.1 0,395 0,10 71 148 STREAM MEASUREAfENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. I9I2 Miscellaneous Discharge Measurements made in Milk River Drainage Basin, in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Stream. Location. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Dis- charge April 26 May 5 N. M. Sutherland... J. E. Degnan ■ ■ L. J. Gleeson '.'.'.'.'.v. N. M. Sutheriand. . '. J. E. Degnan '. '. N. M. Sutherland... J. E. Degnan ...... ...... Beargulch Creek ...... Creek '..'..'.' Sec. 19-2-9-4 Frtl. 2.60 St. ft. 0.64 F«( prr S(c. 0.830 Stc.-ft. 0 53 0 37 May 13 ■ I 1 Nil. June 5 July 22 Sec. 20-2-9-4 !!!!!!!! 4.50 2 09 0.483 1 01 Nil. Aug. 12 " 19-2-9-4 Nil. Oct. 26 May 3 •• 24-1-23-4!!!!!!! " 19-2-18-4 •• 4-2-11-4 8.00 4.00 3.00 0.90 2.61 0.75 3.00 0.22 0.911 0.660 0.400 0.760 2.38 ♦0.50 May 4 *1 20 April 18 April 26 May 28 July 22 Dead Horse Creek Halfbreed Creek..'.!!! ., Kennedy Creek '* 0.17 Nil. " 10-2-11-4 0 02 " 4-2-11^ Nil. Aug. 18 Sept. 23 Oct. 26 Nov. 24 April 18 April 26 May 5 May 13 May 28 June 5 July 22 Aug. 18 Sept. 23 Oct. 26 Nov. 4 May 31 June 20 July 14 Sept. 26 Julv 15 July 22 Aug. IS Sept. 23 Oct. 3 Oct. 26 Nov. 4 July IS April 17 May 24 May 23 July 7 Aug. 21 Sept. 2 Sept. 11 Sept. IS Oct 4 1 ;; 28-2-10-4!!!!!!! •• 22-2-10-}!!!!!!! ;• 2S-2-10-4 " 21-2-10-4 _" 2S-2-10-4 " 3-1-5-4 .!!!!!!!! 1.85 3.00 4.50 6.50 3.80 3 50 3.70 3 00 10.5 9 0 5.0 9.5 10.0 9.0 9.8 X 5.5 0.48 2.82 2.03 2.88 1.36 0 97 1.03 0.416 1.880 0 931 1.360 1 630 1.400 1.330 0.20 5.31 1.89 3 92 2 22 1.39 1 37 1 01 6.48 7 6 1 03 4.75 10 44 6 76 6 49 0 856 0 706 0.78 0 357 1 38 0.736 I 36 5.55 5 37 0 S2 1 70 14.4 4.98 8.71 0.07 2.02 0.787 1.59 Nil. •• 2-1-4-4.!!!!!!! 6.5 3.66 0.685 2 56 Nil. Miners Coulee Pritchard Coulee Police Creek " 10-2-11-4 Nil. •' 4-1-11-4.!!!!!!! S.S 11.0 18.0 10.0 10.0 2.82 5.75 16.92 4.91 4.80 0 673 1.69 2.151 0 496 1.24 1 90 9.74 36 40 2 44 5 98 Nil. ;; 35-1-13-4 1.7 X X 5.0 X 0.68 1.39 0.94 0.24 <• 0.480 i.65 i.696 1.810 •« 0.331 Nil. 41 *' 13-1-15-4 9 0 8.0 9.5 5.5 7 .>! 4 .57 8.16 2.77 1 274 1.074 1.102 0.783 9 610 4 910 •' 9.000 Oct. 23 •• 2.070 July 29 Aug. 8 Nov 5 RpH Creek Nil. " 20-1-15-4 Nil. ■• 31-2-11^ " 11-2-14^ 2.7 2.01 0.587 1.180 July 25 Aug. 10 %'erdigris Creek Nil. " 28-2-14-4 . Nil. X Weir raeasuremenl. PAKOWKI LAKE DRAINAGE BASIN 119 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d PAKOWKI LAKE DR.'MNAGE BASIX. General Description. The drainage into Pakowki Lake comes from three different directions; from the west by way of Etzikom Coulee, from the southeast in Canal and Ketchum creeks and from the northeast in Manyberries Creek. The lake has no outlet. The streams making up the drainage basin are ver\' similar in their general characteristics, all having narrow, deep, and well defined valleys, with sparse growths of brush along the bottoms, and all draining a sandy and ver\- unproductive- appearing soil. The drainage consists almost entirely- of the spring run-off, the soil being so de\oid of moisture as to take care of any ordinary rainfall without allowing any drainage into the streams. \'ers' little information has as yet been collected regarding the flow in any of the above mentioned streams, the one only touched upon as yet being Manyberries Creek. During the months of April, May, June and part of July, in 1911, Manyberries Creek showed an average run-off of 716 acre-feet per month. There was also a large run-off in September, but no records were obtained. Hooper and Huckvale have constructed very efficient irrigation works and divert water from Man\berries Creek to irrigate 2,120 acres of hay meadow. The yield of hay has been very much increased by the use of the water. Manyberries Creek at Hooper and Huckvale's Ranche. This station was established June 17, 1910, by H. R. Carscallen. It is located on the S.E. }4 Sec. 3, Tp. 5, Rge. 6, \V. -1th Mer., at Hooper and Huckvale's ranche, seven miles east of Pakowki Lake, one and one quarter miles above Hooper and Huckvale's dam and intake, and below the mouth of the south branch. The stream flows in one channel, and is straight for 400 feet above and 500 feet below the station. Both banks are high and do not overflow. They are composed of a sand>' loam, spar- sely covered with brush. The bed of the stream is composed of sand and gravel, which apparently remains constant. Discharge measurements are made by wading. The initial point for soundings is the face of a stake driven close to the ground on the left bank and marked 'LP.' At e.xtreme low-water stage a weir is used. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is fixed to a post at the right bank. The zero (elev., 79.48) is referred to the top of the post at the initial point for sound- ings (assumed elev., 100.00). During 1911, the gauge was read by Sydney Hooper. Discharge Measurements of Manyberries Creek at Hooper and Huckvale's Ranche, Alta., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer, Width. Area of Mean Gauge Discharge. Section. Velocity. Height. Feel. Sj. ft. Ft. per sec. Feet. See.-ft. April 24 N.M.Sutherland 9.0 3.92 2.140 1.3S 8.3S* M.H.French 22.4 21 .38 0.266 131 o 69 do 22.4 19.52 0.206 1.26 4.03 N.M.Sutherland I 4.0 1.22 0.870 1.09 1.06* J. E. Degnan i 15" weir. 0 S.t 0 14* do 1 0.69 Nil. do 15" weir. 0 .70 0 .039* do 4.0 1.63 0.450 0.S2 0 730 * Measurement taken below regular station. April 20 April 27 Mav U June ■) lulv 17 Aug. IK Sept. 1>S ISO STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1913 Daily Gauge-height and Discharge of Manybcrries Creek near Hooper and Huckvale's Ranche, Alta., for 1911. April. May. Ju lie. Dis- -charge. July. Day. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Fctl. 1 01 1.01 1.10 1.10 1.06 1.05 1.01 1.03 1.26 2.69 2.39 1.56 1.42 1.34 1.25 1.33 1.71 1.44 1.35 1.54 1.48 1.44 1.39 1.38 1.32 1.28 1.26 1.26 1.26 1.30 Sec.-fl. 0.65 0 65 1 10 1.10 0.90 0.85 0.65 0.75 4.30 103. OOt 76.20t 18.30 10.60 7.00 4.00 6.60 27.20 11.70 7.40 17.20 13.90 11.70 9 10 8.70 6.10 4.80 4.30 4.30 4.30 5.30 Feel. 1.52 1.54 1.76 1.44 1.54 1.38 1.30 1.24 1.18 1.15 1.10 1.08 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.12 1.26 1.20 1.18 1.15 1.16 1.15 1.18 1.20 1.21 1.42 1.18 1.14 1.10 1.13 1.03 Sec.-fl. 16.10 17.20 30.00 11.70 17.20 8.70 5 30 3.70 2 40 1.90 1.10 1.00 0.90 0.95 1.00 1.40 4.30 2.70 2.40 1.90 2.10 1 90 2.40 2.70 3.00 10.60 2.40 1.70 1.10 1.60 0.75 Feel. 1.02 0.93 0.83 0 81 * Sec.-fl. 0.70 0.39 0.16 0.12 Nil. 6 .95 21 70 8.70 39. sot 90 OOt 18 80 2.10 1.00 1.30 Feel. 3.57 3.57 2.44 1.58 1.16 1.09 0.99 0.92 0.88 0.86 0.84 0.80 0.77 0.75 0.74 } Sec.-fl. 220 2t 2 220 2t 3 . . . 80, 4t 19 4 4 5 2 1 6 1.0 7 i 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 07 62 38 90 55 57 16 09 11 0.57 8 0.36 9... . 0 26 10 0.22 11 0.18 12 0.10 13 0.07 14 0.05 15 0.04 16 ; 17 18 19 20 . .... 21 22 23 24 . . . 25 26 27 28 30 31 * No Gauge Heights given from June 5 to June 21. Noted dry on June 5. Rain-storm noted June 22. fApproximate. JObserver absent and no one else available after July I5th. Creek was almost dry after that date except for a week in September when, as the result of heavy rains, there was a good flow. Monthly Discharge of Manyberries-Creek near Hooper and Huckvale's Ranche, Alta., for 1911. Drainage area. 134 square miles. Month. Discharge in Second-Feet. Run-Off. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. 1 Per Square Mile. 1 Depth in Inches on Drainage Area. Total in Acre-Feet. April May June July (1-15). . 103 30 90 220 0 65 0 75 Nil. 0.04 12.4 5.2 6.2 36.3 0.092 I 0 .039 1 . 0.046 1 0.270 0.10 0 04 0.05 0.15 738 320 369 1.080 2.507 " SAGE CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN 151 SESSION.U, PAPER No. 25d Miscellaneous Discharge Measurements in Pakowki Lake Drainage Basin, in 1911. Date. 1 Hydrographer. Stream. Location. Width. | .\rea of Mean Dis- 1 Section. \'eiocity. charge. Anril 24 N M Sutherland Canal Creek Sec. 6-4-6-4 Fat. Sg. ft. Feet par 1 Sec.-ft. Sec. 0.436 Nil. TiiK- ''1 T E Deenan " --•» " Nil. •• Nil. July 17 " S.B. Manyberries Crk. Aug. 16 " July 21 " Ketchum Creek Aug. 16 •• ■■ ;; 11-5-6-4 ; Nil. NU. " 15-4-6^ Nil. NU. SAGE CREEK DRAIX.ACxE B.ASIX. General Description. Sage creek is a small and unimportant stream which rises in the hills, or 'bad-lands,' a few miles north of the International boundar\- on the divide between Milk River and Lodge creek The stream has no definite or permanent source of supply, and derives its discharge solely, from the melting of snow, which accumulates in innumerable coulees during the winter months. When the first warm days of spring arrive the snow is melted and each coulee, acting as a water- course, throws its volume of water into the main stream. For a very short period the stream has a good flow, but soon dwindles and dries up. After leaving Canadian territors', Sage creek spreads out over a large dr>" lake which has no outlet. This drj' lake is about ten miles long, and averages about one and a half miles wide, and lies southeast and northwest and close to the boundar\'. It is bounded on the south by a low range of hills and at some time has held probably two or three feet of water at its deepest parts, but since 1908, neither it nor Grassy Lake nor Wild Horse Lake have held any water. Sage Creek at Wild Horse Police Det.\chment. This station was established on August 10, 1909, by F. H. Peters. It is located in Se:. 9, Tp. 1, Rge. 2, W. 4th Mer., about one and a quarter miles from Wild Horse police post. It is about 115 miles by trail from Milk River post office. The channel is straight for forty feet above and below the station. The banks are composed of hard clay and are high but liable to overflow. The bed is composed cf hard gumbo clay. 1 Discharge measurements are made by wading. The initial point for soundings is the face of a post on the right bank marked "Ot'OO " in red paint. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is fixed to a post in the centre of the channel. It is referred to the top of the post at the initial point for soundings. During 1911, the gauge was read by Corp. Tom Brewer, but, as the district hydrographer did not visit the station during 1911, estimates of the discharge have not been made. There are two small irrigation ditches under construction which will divert water from Sage Creek. It is not likely that any water was diverted during 1911. 152 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 UEORUE v.. A. 1912 Mean Daily Gauge-height, in feet, of Sage Creek at Wild Horse Police Detachment, Alta., for 1911. Day. April. May. Nov. 11 13. 14. 15. 16 17 IS 10 20 21. 22. 23. 24. 25 2r, 27 2S. 29 30. 31. 2.07 2.03 2.02 1.98 1 98 1 79 1.70 1.65 1^62 1 70 1 73 1.72 1.72 2.25 2,07 2.04 1.90 1.60 1.70 1 05 1.41 1.40 1.32 1.25 1 20 1 17 1 10 1 12 1 11 1 90 1.60 1.20 1.20 1.00 Drj-. Drs-. 1 20 1.10 1.27 1.02 3 S6 1.00 3 7(> 1 00 3.50 0.93 3 00 2 87 2 .50 2 42 2 21 2 00 1.93 1.90 1.8S l.SO 0.90 Dr>'. Dry. 1 02 1.55 4.52 6.01 o..i2 4 42 4 38 4 34 4.10 3.85 3.10 2 35 2.50 3.64 3.57 3.21 3.02 2.85 2.78 2.78 2.77 2.74 1.76 2,10 2.35 1 68 1,81 2 29 1 60 1 81 2,20 1 ,55 1 80 1,98 1 1,53 1,80 1.98 1.51 1 ■■ 1.77 1.86 1.52 1 •■ 1.84 1.72 1.51 ' •■ 1 83 1.61 1 4S 1 87 1,34 1.47 1,87 1,19 1 ,44 1,82 1,01 1 40 1,77 1,01 1 35 1,71 1,00 1 33 1 74 1,00 1 30 1,73 1,00 1,24 1.00 1 00 1,00 1,00 LODGE CREEK DR.\IX.\GE BASIN. General Description. Lodge Creek, which rises in township 7, range 3, west of the fourth meridian, flows in a south- erly direction for about 12 miles, then turns south-eastward, crosses the International Boundary in section 4, township 1, range 2S, west of the third meridian, and eventually empties into Milk river near Chinook, ^Iontana. Its principal tributary- is Middle Creek whcih joins it in section 4, township 2, range 29, west of the third meridian. , Near its head the \alley is very deep and narrow but it broadens out considerably lower down, giving rise to large flats and meadows. The upper part of the drainage basin is cut up to a great extent by deep coulees which drain into the creek. This part of the creek is thickly coiered with brush along the banks, but lower down it is totally devoid of tree growth. The valley is rather unproductive owing to the absence of moisture but a few good hay meadows have dexeloped along its course through the storage of the flood waters and their application to the soil by irrigation. As is the case with many of the streams in this locality the flow in Lodge Creek is not continuous throughout the year, the creek being dr>', with the exception of pools of standing water, during the greater part of the summer months. .\t flood stages the creek carries a considerable amount of water and as a result its channel is wide and well defined throughout the whole length of its course. Two stations have been established on the main stream, one at Willow Creek police detach- ment near the International Boundarv', and the other near the head of the creek at Hart's ranche. Descriptions of these stations are given below. East Branch of Lodge Creek \i English's Ranche. This station was established on October 7, 1911, by M. H. French. It is located at James English's ranche in the S.E. '4 Sec. 1, Tp. 7, Rge. 3, W. 4th Men, about 150 feet north of his house. It is about 45 miles by trail from Medicine Hat. The channel is straight for about 50 feet above and 25 feet below the station. Both banks are wooded and high enough to contain the stream during all stages. The bed is composed of very coarse gravel and will not shift. LODGE CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN 153 SESSIONAL PAPER Na. 25d Discharge measurements are made with a meter by wading a short distance above the gauge. The initial point for soundings is a four-inch stake, one foot above ground on the left bank. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is nailed to a post sunk in the bed of the stream near the left bank. The zero of the gauge (elev., 94.92) is referred to the top of the initial point stake (assumed elev., 100.00). As a further reference the top of the final point stake is 0.83 feet below the top of the initial point stake. The gauge was read by Mrs. Annie English. Discharge Measirements of East Branch of Lodge Creek at English's Ranche, .-Mta., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. j Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. Oct. .., M. H. French Ftet. 8.6 S.J. fl. 2.68 Fl. per sec. ' 0.3,S8 Feel. 0.06 Sec.-fl. 1 04 Mean Daily Gauge-height, in feet, of East Branch Lodge Creek, at English's Ranche, Alta., for 1911. Day. October. November. 1 1 17 2 3 U . 0.5 0.95 0 94 0.92 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 0.90 0.88 0 92 0.9S 0.99 0.99 1.00 1 04 1 05 1.07 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.12 1.15 1.16 1.17 1 18 4 5 1.20 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 , 31 Anderson Ditch near Thelma. This station was established on September 23, 1911, by W. .\. Fletcher. It is located on the S.W. 14 Sec. 23, Tp. 6, Rge. 3, \V. 4th Mer., about fifteen feet below the intake of the ditch, and about one quarter of a mile from Robert Henderson's house. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and inches, is fixed to a post at the left bank of the ditch. The zero of the gauge (elev., 98.63) is referred to the top of a stake (assumed elev., 100.00), about five feet southeast of the gauge. The channel is straight for twenty feet above and thirty feet below the gauge. Both banks are low, but are not liable to overflow. The bed is composed of clay and gravel and is not liable to shift. Discharge measurements are made bv wading near the gauge. The initial point for sound- ings is the inner face of the post used as a bench-mark. No water was diverted after the gauge had been installed. 154 STREAM MEASUREMENTS. 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 Lodge Creek at Hart's Ranche. This station was established July 22, 1909, by F. T. Fletcher. It is located just north of the road allowance between Sees. 15 and 10, Tp. 6, Rge. .3, W. 4th Mer., about one half mile below the junction of the east and west branches of Lodge Creek and is about 45 miles by trail south of Medicine Hat. The channel is straight for about 60 feet above and 250 feet below the station. The banks are high, steep and not liable to overflow. Both are covered w'ith a dense growth of willow brush. The bed of the stream is composed of soft clay and there is one channel at all stages. On account of the narrow channel, the steep banks and .soft condition of the creek bed, the stream can- not be waded at any stage. Discharge measurements are made at a bridge a few hundred feet downstream. The gauge is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, spiked to a post sunk in the bed of the stream near the left bank. The zero of the gauge (elev., 8(3. .3(3, is referred to a per- manent iron bench-mark (assumed elev., 100.00), which is located upon the left bank 4.91 feet south of the square stake used as the initial point for soundings and in line with the square stake upon the right bank used as the final point. During 1911, the gauge was read by .Mrs. Clara B. Hart. The intake of Mr. Hart's irrigation ditch is about a mile above this station, but very little water passed through it during 1911. Discharge Measurements of Lodge Creek at Hart's Ranche, Alta., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean > Velocity. , Gauge Height. Discharge. April 25 M. H. French do Feet. 13 7 9.3 9.0 Sq. ft. 31.19 10.40 10.95 Ft. per sec. 0.722 ■ 0 337 i 0.294 i Fee.. 3.06 1.35 2.02* Sec.-fl. 22 51 May 22 3.51 Oct. 5 do 3 22 * Beaver dams raising water. Daily Gauge-height and Discharge of Lodge Creek at Hart's Ranche, Alta., for 1911. Day. April. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. May. June. July. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Hei.qht. Dis- charge. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Sec.-fl. Feet. 4.08 3.00 2.45 1.95 1.B3 2.24 41.0 22.0 14.0 8.5 8.3 11.0 1.92 1.88 1 08 1 f.0 l.UO 1.81 1.80 1.65 1 65 1.76 2.47 2.58 1 94 1 72 1 90 1.65 1.35 1,85 2 70 1.65 1.94 1.74 1 66 1.35 1.15 1.15 Sec.-fl. 14 0 16 U 20 0 23 0 19 0 8.2 7 8 6.0 5 4 5.4 7.1 7 0 5.8 5.8 6.7 MO 10 0 8 4 6 4 8.0 5.8 3.8 7.5 18 0 5.8 8.4 6 5 5 9 3 8 2 6 2 6 Feel. 1.08 1 08 1 10 1.00 0.75 0.66 Dri'. Sec.-ft. •2 2 0 Nil Feet. 4.80 4 75 2 95 2 15 2 00 1 .85 1 40 1 30 1 40 1 45 1,35 1 15 1 10 1 05 0 98 0 95 0 70 0 55 Dry. .Sec.-fl. 55.0 54 0 21.0 10.0 9.0 7 0 4.1 3 5 4 1 4 4 3.8 2 6 2 3 2 0 16 1.5 0.5 0 1 Nil. 0,95 7,50 2 do 2 75 6.25 4 44 3.00 2 10 2 00 l.SO 1.5 144 0 17 0 18.0 98,0 48 0 22 0 10,0 9,0 7.0 LODGE CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN 155 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 23d Daily Gauge-height and Discharge of Lodge Creek at Hart's Ranche, Alta., for 1911 — Con. .'August. September. October. November. Day. Gauge Dis- Gauge Dis- Gauge Dis- Gauge Dis- Height. charge. Height. charge. Height. charge. Height. • charge. Ffet. Scc.-ft. Feet. Scc.-n. Feel. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. I Dry. Nil. Dry. Nil. 1.62 . 2.0 1.05 2.0 2 " 1.55 1.2 1.05 2.0 3 " 1.65 1.3 1.05 2.0 4 " " 4.00 39.0 2.13 4.0 5 " '* 6.00 91 0 2.01 3.4 6 4.60 31.0 1,00 17 7 " 2 10 10 0 0 97 1.6 S ■• 1.95 1.46 1.10 S.o 4 5 2.3 0.90 0.8-5 0.90 1.3 1.1 1.3 9 10 11 ■• ■• 1.00 1.7 0.95 1.5 l' 0 95 1.0 0.96 l.S IS 0.95 1.0 0.95 1.5 14 0.78 0.5 0.95 1.5 15 0.70 0.2 0.96 15 Ifi •• 0.05 0 1 0 97 1 6 17 0.80 0.4 0 97 1.6 IS 0.92 0 6 1 01 1.8 19 1.00 0.7 1.00 1.7 20 " 1.30 IS 1.15 2.6 21 1.28 16 1.15 2 6 22 1 25 1 2 1 25 3.2 23 1 20 10 1.50 4.7 24 " l.:w 12 1 25 3 2 25 1.50 l.S 1 15 2.6 26 ■• 1 60 2 0 1.10 2 3 27 1.67 2 2 1.10. 2.3 28 " 1.70 2 4 1.08 2.2 29 1.68 2 0 1.08 2.2 30 " 1.65 IS 1 07 2.1 31 1.05 2.0 Note — Changing conditions from Sept. 12 to Oct. 5, because of beaver dams. On Oct. 5, part of the dam was removed which lowered the gauge heights O.S feet. Monthly Discharge of Lodge Creek at Hart's Ranche, Alta., for 1911. Drainage area, 7S square miles. Month. D ISCH.\RGE IN ! ;econd-Fe! :t. Run-Off. Depth in Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per Square Inches on Total in Mile. Drainage Area. Acre-Feet. 41 0 S3 17.47 0 224 0.050 208 23.0 2 6 9 06 0.116 0.134 557 144.0 0 0 12 SO 0 164 0 183 ' 762 55.0 0 0 6.05 0 078 0 090 372 on.o 0 0 0 00 0 000 0 000 00 91 0 0 1 7.71 0 099 0 110 439 4.7 1.1 2 10 0 027 0.031 129 2 0 2 0 2 00 0.026 0 003 1 12 April (25-30) May June July -August September October November (1-3) The period 0.601 2,499 Note — There was considerable run-off before April 25 not included in this data. The water diverted from Lodge Creek above this station by Hart's irrigation ditch, and several small ditches m Medicine Lodge Coulee is inappreciable for 1911. • Middle Creek .at McKinnon's Ranche. Thisstation was established June 21, 1910, by H. R. Carscallen. It is located on the S.W. 14, Sec. 35, Tp. 5, Rge. 1, \V. 4th Mer., about eleven miles southwest of Battle Creek post office. No. 2od— 6 156 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 The channel is almost straight for about loO feet above and 100 feet below the station. The right bank is high with a gradual slope; the left bank is high and steep. Neither bank is liable to overflow except in extreme flood. The bed of the stream is composed of sand and coarse gravel. During ordinary stages, discharge measurements are made with a current-meter by wading, and at extreme low stages a weir is used. The gauge is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, spiked to a post sunk in the bed of the stream near the left bank. The zero of the gauge (elev., 91.49) is referred toa perma- nent iron bench-mark (assumed elev., lOU.OO) situated on the left bank about 25 feet from the edge of the bank. It is also 664 feet northeast of the N.E. corner of Sec. 27, Tp. 5, Rge. 1, W. 4th. Mer. During 1911, the gauge was read by Angus McKinnon. Springs just above this station keep the creek flowing at this point all summer, although at other places it is often dry. A small amount of water is stored in ^Ir. McKinnon's dam about two miles above this station. DiscH.^RGE Measurements of Middle Creek at McKinnon's Ranche, in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity Gauge Height. Discharge. April 24 May 20 June 12 July 20 Aug. 11 Oct. 4 Feet. M. H. French, do do do do do Sq.ft. Ft. per sec. Sec.-fl. 15.0 22.60 0 754 2 10 17 05 10 0 4 24 0.239 0 62 1 01 9 G 3 41 1.030 0.55 0 50» 4.04 0 114 0 71 0 53» 11 n 4 85 0 137 0 08 0.67« 11 5 4 37 0 215 0 03 0.94 * Weir measurements. Daily Gauge-height and Discharge of Middle Creek at McKinnon's Ranche, Alta., for 1911. January. February. March. April. May. Ju ne. Day. 1 Gauge ; Dis- Height. charge. Gauge Dis- Height. charge. Gauge i Dis- Gauge Height, charge.. Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 2 Fed. Sec-fl. 0.62 ' 0.62 0 62 0 62 0.62 0 62 0 62 0.62 0 62 0.62 0.62 0.62 1 0.62 0 62 1 Feel. Sec.-fl. 3 15 3 14 3,20 3.22 3.22 : 3 25 ' 3,27 3 27 3,29 1 3 30 Feel. 3.42 3.45 3.47 3.48 3.48 3.50 3.51 3.52 3,57 3.61 3 65 3.68 3.77 3.79 3.81 3.85 3.90 3,97 4.00 Sec.-fl. Feel. 1.70 1.70 1.68 1.67 1 66 1.64 1.64 1.66 1.69 3.10 4 85 3.00 2.40 1.35 0.99 0.88 1.80 2.78 2.38 2.47 2.37 2.22 2.07 2.16 1.55 1.33 0.94 1.02 1 17 1 15 Sec.-fl. 10.5 10.5 10 2 10 1 10 0 9.7 9.7 10.0 10.4 41.0 136.0 38.0 23.0 6.4 3.1 2.2 12.0 31.0 22.6 26.4 22.4 19.4 16.5 18 2 8.6 6.1 2.7 3.4 4 6 4 4 Feel. 0.84 0.70 0.95 1 08 0 79 0 75 0 64 0 64 0 61 0.59 0 .')9 O.BO 0.58 0 62 0,64 0 75 0 07 0 65 0 60 0 62 0 60 0.59 0 64 0 63 0 03 0 02 0 01 0 00 0 61 0 60 0 60 Sec-fl. 2.0 1.2 2 8 3.8 17 1.5 10 1.0 0.8 0.8 0 8 0.8 0.7 0 9 10 1.5 11 10 0.8 0 9 0 8 0.8 10 0 9 0.9 0 9 0 8 0 8 0 8. 0 8 0.8 Feet. 0.58 0.58 0.58 0.57 0.57 0.56 0.58 0.60 0.57 0.56 0.56 0.55 0.55 0 57 0.56 0.36 0.56 0.57 0 59 0 59 0,63 0 70 *2.20 *3.05 •2.58 1 17 2 50 1 92 1.16 1.08 Sec.-fl. 0 7 0 7 3 0 7 4 0 7 5 6 0 7 0 6 7 8 0.7 0 8 9...; 0 7 10 0 6 H 3.30 3.32 3.33 .1 ■t'i 0 6 12 0.6 13 0 6 14.. 0 7 15 0 62 1 3 .■is 0.6 16 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.B4 3 35 0.6 17 0 6 18 3 SS ' 0.7 19 3 38 0 8 20 3.38 3.38 3.38 0.5 21 0 7 22 1.0 23 18,0 24 0 68 ' 3 40 1 70 39.0 25 0 91 3 41 1 72 24.0 26 1 10 3 41 1.68 1.70 1.72 1.72 1.72 1.72 4 4 27 . 1.71 3 41 2 10 . . 3 41 24 0 28 13 5 29 2 60 3 70 3 10 4.0 30 3.3 31 LODGE CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN 157 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d D^iLY Gauge-height and Discharge of Middle Creek at McKinnon's Ranche, Alta., for 1911. — Continued. July. August. September. October. • November. Day. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 . . . . Feet. 1.16 3.57* 2.95* 2.28 1.73 1.21 0.98 0.92 0.85 0.92 0.85 0.81 0.78 0.74 0.70 0.70 0.70 0 70 0 70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.69 0.69 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.67 0.67 0.67 Sec.-ft. 4.0 60.0 36.0 21.0 10.5 4.5 2.5 2.0 1.5 2 0 • 1.5 1.3 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.6 0 6 0 0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 5 0.5 0 5 0.5 Feet. 0.67 0.70 0.95 0.68 0.68 2.49* 1.35 0 66 0 65 0.65 0.66 0.63 0 60 0.60 0.59 0.38 0.37 0.57 0 57 0.57 0.56 0 56 0.56 0 56 0.56 0.56 0.56 0 56 0 55 0.53 0.55 Sec.-ft. 0.5 0 8 2.0 0.6 0.6 25.0 5.5 0 6 0 6 0.6 0.7 0.5 0 5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 • 0.4 0 4 0 4 0 4 0 4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0 4 0 4 0.4 0 4 0.4 0.4 Feet. 0.55 0.54 0.54 0.75 1.18 4.50 3.30 2.27 1.71 1.55 0.93 0.82 0.74 0.65 0.64 0.63 0.63 0.62 0.62 0.62 0 62 0.64 0.64 0.64 0.64 0.64 0.63 0.63 0.63 0.63 Sec.-ft. 0.4 0.4 0.4 1.5 4.6 128 0 56.0 20.0 10.6 8.6 2.6 1.9 1.4 1.0 1.0 0 9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0 9 10 1.0 1.0 1.0 10 0 9 0.9 0.9 0.9 Feet. 0.64 0.64 0 64 0.63 0.63 0.62 0.61 0 61 0.61 0.61 0.61 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0 61 0.61 0.61 0.62 0.62 0.62 0 62 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.62 0 62 0.62 0.62 0.62 Sec.-ft. 1.0 10 1.0 0 9 0 9 0 9 OS 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0 9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0 9 0.9 0.9 Feet. 0.62 0 62 0 62 0.62 0.62 0 62 0.62 0.61 0 61 0.61 0.60 0.60 0 60 0.60 0.60 Sec.-ft. 0.9 2 0.9 3 0 9 4 0.9 5 0.9 6 0.9 7 0.9 8 0.8 q 0.8 10 0.8 0.8 12 0.8 13 0.8 14 0 8 13 0.8 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 25 26 27 28 30 * Heavy rain in hills. Note— ' low stages a weir is used. The initial point for soundings is a square stake driven close to the ground on the left bank, marked "I. P.," and surroundel with a few stones. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is nailed to a pine post sunk in the bed of the stream at the left bank and securely stayed. The zero of the gauge (elev., 93.62) is referred to a permanent iron bench-mark (assumed elev., 100.00), situated on the right bank 123 feet from the initial point and in line with the regular section. The bench-mark is about one foot above ground and is protected by a mound of stones. During 1911, the gauge was read by Maurice Ross. The stream would be dry most of the summer at this station if it were not for the discharge of a few springs a short distance above. A part of the run-off of the drainage basin above this station is held by dams at Wright's and McKinnon's ranches and used for irrigation purposes. Discharge MEAStniEMENTS of Middle Creek at Ross's Ranche, Sask., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height 1 Discharge 1 Fe<-I. Sq ft. Ft. per sec. Feet scc.-n April 24 . M. H. French 9 2 .i 97 0 336 0 72 2 01 May 20 do 9 0 3 S9 0 095 0 51 0.37 June 12 do S.". 3 89 0 073 0 54 0.28 July 20 do 8 8 5 21 0 062 0 56 0.33 Sept. 1 do O.06 0 063 0.57 0.32 Sept. 7 do 12 0 24.26 2 499 2.36 60 64 Sept. 8 . , do 13,4 28.48 2 852 2.68 81.25 Sept. 30 dn 9 0 5.57 0.088 0.60 0.49 LODGE CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN 159 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Daily Gauge-iceight and Discharge of Middle Creek, at Ross's Ranche, Sask., for 1911. Day. April. May. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. June. July. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7., 8., 9., 10.. 11., 12., la.. 14.. 15.. 15.. 17.. IS.. 19.. 20.. 21. 22. 2Z. 24. 2b. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31., Feel. 0 74 1.10 3,10 2.00 1.30 0.79 0.79 0.79 O.SO 0.90 1.30 3.12 1.70 0.90 1.02 1.05 1.05 1.07 1.09 1.20 Sec.-ft. *114.0 40.0 12.0 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.3 3.5 12.0 116.0 26.0 3.5 5.4 6.1 6.1 6.5 7.0 9.6 Feet. 1.05 1.03 0.70 0.60 0.60 0.56 1.53 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.00 0.80 0.60 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.54 0.53 0.54 0.54 0.55 0.54 0.33 0.53 0.53 0.54 0.54 0.55 0.34 Sec.-ft. 6.1 3.7 1.3 0.5 0.5 -0.4 19.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 5.0 2.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 Feel. 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.5-1 0.54 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.55 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.61 0.61 0.62 0.95 1.11 Sec.-ft. 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 5 0.6 0.6 0.7 4.2 7.4 Feel. 1.30 1.10 0 90 l.SO 1.70 1.48 1.20 0.99 0.70 0.39 0.39 0.35 0.53 0.35 0.55 0.55 O.iO 0.56 0.56 0.57 0.57 0.57 0.57 0.57 0.57 0.57 0.57 0.57 0.57 0..i7 0.57 Sec.-ft. 12.0 7.2 3.5 30.0 26.0 17.0 9 6 4.9 1.3 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.4 0 4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 u 160 STREAM MEASUREMENTS. 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 Daily Gauge-Height and Discharge of Middle Creek at Ross's Ranche.Sask., for 1911.— Con. August. Day. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. September. October. November. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Hdght. Dis- charge. 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 Fctl. Sec.-ft. 1 0 T,7 04 2 0 57 I 04 3 0.57 i 04 4 0.57 ; 04 5 0.57 \ 04 C 0,60 7 0 60 8 0.60 9 0.60 10 0 60 11 1.00 5 0 12 0 SO 2.3 13 0 70 ' 1.3 14 0 61 06 15 0 60 ' 0 5 16 0 59 05 17 0,58 0.4 18 0 57 0.4 19 0 57 0 4 20 0 57 0.4 21 0 57 0 4 22 0 57 0,4 23 0 57 04 24 1 0.57 0 4 25 0.57 04 26 0.57 0.4 27 1 0.57 I 0.4 28 0.57 , 04 29 0.57 I 0.4 30 0.57 , 04 31 0.57 I 0.4 Feel. 0.57 0.57 0 .57 0 80 1.20 3.02- 2 36 2.69 2 30 2 00 1.45 1.00 0 90 0 85 0 81 0 74 0 60 O.fiO 0 60 0 60 0 60 0 60 0 60 0 00 0.60 0 (W 0.60 0 . 60 0 60 0 60 Sec.-ft. 0 4 0 4 0 4 2 3 9 6 107 0 61 0 82.0 57.0 40 0 16.0 5 0 3.5 2.9 2.4 1 7 0 5 0.5 0.5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0.5 Feet. 0.60 0 60 0 60 0 60 0.60 0 00 0.60 0 60 0 TO 0 TO 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0 60 0.60 0 60 0 00 O.TO 0 60 0 TO 0 60 0 TO O.TO 0 TO 0 60 0 60 0.60 0 60 0.60 Sec.-ft. 0.5 0.5 0 5 0 5 0.5 0 5 0 5 0.5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0.5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0.5 0.5 0 5 OS 0 5 0 5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 5 0.5 Feel. 0.60 0.60 0 60 0 60 0.60 I 0.60 0 60 I 0 60 Sec.-ft. 0.5 OS 0 5 0 5 0.5 0 5 0 5 0 5 * Sudden rise due to failure of dyices at Wright's ranche. Note — There was considerable rain during the latter part of June but most of the water appears to have been held up by Wright's and McKinnon's dams. Monthly Discharge of Middle Creek at Ross's Ranche, Sask., for 1911. Drainage area. 173 square miles. Discharge in Second-Feet Run-Off. Month. Maximum. M inimum. Mean. ^er Square Mile. Depth in Inches on Drainage Area. Total in Acre-Feet April (11-30) 116.0 19.0 7.4 30.0 5.0 107.0 0.5 0.5 1.7 0 3 0 3 0 4 0.4 0 4 0 5 0.5 19 3 3 1 0.7 3 9 0 7 13 3 0.5 0.5 0 112 0 018 0 004 0 023 0 004 0 077 0 003 0.003 0 083 0 021 0 004 0 025 0 005 . 0 086 0 004 0 001 766 )91 42 June July 240 August 43 791 October '. 31 8 The period .229 2.112 . Note — Springs just above this station keep water flowing at this point throughout dry periods though the creek was dry above the springs, and a distance below the station due to loss by evaporation and see page. Middle Creek at Hammond's Ranche. This station was established June 13, 1910, by H. R. Carscallen. It is located at Hammond's ranche, on the N.VV. J4 Sec. 4, Tp. 2, Rge. 29, W. 3rd Mer., about seven miles above the Willow Creek police detachment and about one quarter of a mile above the junction of Middle and Lodge Creeks. LODGE CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN 161 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 23d The channel is straight for 200 feet above and 125 feet below the station. Both banks are high and fairly steep, free from brush and not liable to o\erflow. The bed of the stream is sandy and may shift at high stages. The station, being located only a short distance above the junction with Lodge Creek, may be affected by backwater from that creek during high-water stages. Discharge measurements are made at the station by wadmg, and at extreme low stages a weir may be used. High-water measurements are not attainable, as there is so structure at or near the station to support the engineer in taking the gaugings when the water becomes too deep for wading. The initial point for soundings is a stake driven close to the ground on the left bank and marked "I. P." The gauge is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, spiked to a post sunk in the bed of tlie creek near the left bank. The zero of the gauge (elev., 87,60) is referred to a permanent iron bench-mark (assumed elev., 100.00) upon the left bank. The bench-mark is about six inches above ground and is protected by a mound of stones. It is also used as the initial point for soundings. During 1911, the gauge was read by Mrs. D. .•\. Hammond. DiscH-ARGE Measurements of Middle Creek at Hammond's Ranche, Sask., in 1911. Date. Hydrogtapher. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity Gauge Height. Discharge. April 20 M. Mav 17 Aug. 8 : Juy 7 Sept. 16 Oct. 23 H. French do do do do do Feet. 9. .5 17 8 15 2 19.2 19.0 18.8 Sq ft. 25.38 17.68 9.87 36.00 21.10 11.18 Feet. 1 94 1 50 1 04 2 71 1 975 1.40 Sec.-ft. 7.94 1.70 Nil. 24.30 8 04 0.70 Daily Gavge-height and Discharge of Middle Creek at Hammond's Ranche, Sask., for 1911. March. April. May. June. Day. Gauge ■ Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 10. II. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17., 18., 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. Feet 1.06 1.09 1.04 1.05 1.02 1.01 1.03 1.01 1 01 1 05 1 05 2.27 2.35 2 05 2.07 2 04 1 94 1 96 Sec.-ft. Nil. 14.0 16 0 10.0 10.0 10 0 7.8 8.2 Feel. 1.52 1 52 1 52 1.52 1.52 1.71 1,70 1 40 1.38 1 38 1 42 1.45 1.67 1.68 1.72 2.70 2 70 2.36 1.96 1.94 ISO 1.36 3.04 2.70 2.06 1 95 1 90 1.90 1 98 1 70 Sec.-ft. 2 2 2 2 2 2 2.2 2.2 4.2 4 0 10 0 8 OS 12 15 3 7 3 8 4 3 *24 0 24.0 16.0 8.2 7.8 5 5 0 6 *34 0 24 0 10 0 8,0 7,0 7.0 8 6 4 0 Feet. 1,66 1 74 2 55 2 20 2,05 2,12 1.94 1.80 1 80 1 67 1 42 1 43 1 29 I 42 1 46 1,48 I .52 1 51 1,51 l.Sl 1.50 1.50 1 52 1 52 1 52 1 51 1 51 1 50 I 45 1 47 1 .50 Sec.-ft. 3 6 4 6 20 0 13 0 10,0 11.0 3 7 12 13 0 0 1 2 1.6 IS 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 0 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 0 15 I 7 2.0 Feel. 1 AT 1.47 1.47 1 46 1 50 1 48 1,46 1 40 1 34 1 30 1.25 1-25 1 25 1 25 1 25 1 25 1 25 1 25 1 25 2 10 2 10 1 90 1,72 1 70 I 57 1 50 1,50 1.48 1 48 1.4S Sec.-ft. 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 2 0 IS 1,6 1 0 0 4 Nil. 11 0 11.0 7 0 4 3 4 0 2 7 2 0 2 0 1.8 1.8 1.8 162 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, J'JU 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 Daily Gauge-height and Discharge of Middle Creek at Hammond's Ranche, Sa^k., for 1911. — Continued. Day. July. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. August. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. September. October. Gauge Height. Dis- Gauge Dis- charge. Height, charge. November. Gauge Dis- Heiglit. charge. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. Feet. 1.48 1.48 1.52 3.00 2 46 2 20 2.74 2.30 2.28 2.19 2.15 1.97 l.Sl 1.72 1.60 1..56 1.56 1.53 1.52 1.51 1.47 1.44 1 40 1.37 Dry. Sec.-fl. 1.8 1.8 2.2 a33.0 18.0 13.0 25.0 15 0 15.0 13.0 12.0 8.4 5.6 4.3 3.0 2.6 2 6 2 3 2 2 2 1 1.7 1.4 1.0 0.7 Nil. Feel. Dry. Sec.-fl. Nil. Feel. Dry. 1.70 1.95 9.20 7.45 6.30 4.45 4.14 3.95 3 20 2 45 2.42 2.37 1.99 1.87 1.79 1.70 1.68 1.C7 1.65 1.67 1.66 1.65 1.59 1.58 1.56 1 .55 1.53 Sec.-fl. I Nil. 4.0 8 0 a452 0 284.0 195 .0 88.9 74.0 68 0 39 0 18.0 17.0 16.0 9.0 6 6 5.4 4.0 3.8 3.7 3 5 2.9 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.3 Feel. 1.52 1.52 1.51 1.51 1.51 1.50 1.50 1 49 1.49 I 49 1 ,48 1.47 1.46 1 45 1.44 1.44 1 ,43 1.43 1 42 1.42 1 .41 1.41 1 40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1 40 1 40 1.40 Sec.-fl. 2.2 2 2 2.1 2 1 2 1 2 0 2.0 19 1.9 1 9 1 8 1.7 1 6 IS 1 4 Feel. Sec.-fl. 11 11 1.0 10 10 1.0 10 1.0 1 .0 1.0 1 0 1.0 10 10 1.0 10 1.0 10 l.O' 10 1.0 1.0- l.O 10 I a 10- 1.0- 1.0 1.0. 1.0 1.0 * Wright's dylces gave way. a Heavy rains. Note — Although the gauge heights for September 6, 7 and 8, are correct, backwater from Lodge Creek, might be partly responsible for the high readings. Monthly Discharge of Middle Creek at Hammond's Ranche, Sask., for 1911. Drainage area, 301 square miles. Discharge in Second-Feet. Run-Off. Month. Maximum. , Minimum. Mean. Per Square Mile. Depth in Indies on Total in Drainage Acre-Feet. Area. March (14-31) 16.0 34.0 20.0 11.0 33.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 4 2 7.5 3 9 2,1 6.1 0.014 0.025 0 013 0.007 0.020 0.009 150 0.028 446 May 0.015 240 O.OOS 125 July 0.023 375 452.0 2.2 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 44.0 1.5 1.0 0 146 0 005 0 003 0.163 2.618 October 0 006 92 0.002 40 0.254 4.086 Lodge Creek at Willow Creek Police Det.\chment. This station was established on August 1.3, 1909, by F. H. Peters. It is located on the S.E. 14 Sec. 12, Tp. 1, Rge. 29, \V. 3rd Mer., and about 500 feet east of the house at Willow Creek LODGE CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN 163 SESSION.VL PAPER No. 25d police detachment. It is about 75 miles by trail from Maple Creek, and about 35 miles by trail south of Battle Creek post office. The stream flows in one channel, which is straight for about 200 feet above and 150 feet below the station. The right bank is steep, composed of solid clay and not liable to overflow. The left bank gradually rises, is composed of solid clay and stones, and not liable to overflow. During ordinary stages of flow, discharge measurements are made by wading, and at very low stages a weir is used. It is impossible at present to obtain high-water measurements as there is no bridge or other structure from which the hydrographer may work. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is fixed to a post at the left bank. The zero of the gauge (elev., 2721.18) is referred to a concrete bench-mark (elev., 2768.00 above mean sea-level) which was set by the International Boundary survey, upon a hill about 500 feet west of the gauge. During 1911, the gauge was read until July 1, by Constable C. H. Cuthbertson, and after that by William Tudgay. Discharge Measurements of Lodge Creek at Willow Creek Police Detachment, Sask., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Heigh!. Biscliarge. April 19 May 12 June 6 . M. H French do Feet. 65.0 20.2 18.2 22.0 21 :6 Sq.ft. 52.50 13.08 7.40 23.40 14! 86 Ft. per sec. 2.050 0.608 0.234 1.139 6 1836 Feet 2.93 1.65 1.41 2.04 1.05 1.75 Sec-it. 107.70 7 96 do 1 73* Juiy 8 do 26 66 do Nil. Sept. 18 do 12.42 * Weir measurement. Daily Gauge-height and Discharge of Lodge Creek at Willow Creek Police Detachment, Sask., for 1911. March. April. May. June. 11., 12.. 13.. 14.. 15.. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. Day. Gauge Height. 1.15 1.50 1.25 1.15 1.20 1.42 1.52 1.75 1.53 2.02 2.20 2.20 5.35t 5.28J 5.23t Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. 0.0 4.0 0 5 0.0 0.0 2.4 4.6 13.0 4.9 24.4 37.0 37 0 684.0 660 0 644,0 Feel. 4 35 4 22 4 12 3..1S 3,23 2 no 2..5S 2 .")2 2 30 2,70 3,23t 2.95 2.88 2 98 3.08 2 22 2.23 2.32 2.33 2.32 2.23 2.15 2.15 2.13 Sec.-jt. 377 345 321 207 144 103 101 lUl 93 68 63 61 SO 149 110 101 113 127 38 37 46 48 46 66 40 34 34 34 34 Feel. 2,20 2 22 2.48 2.35 2.22 2 18 2 10 2.t)8 2.05 2.08 1.70 1.70 1.61 1 61 1.57 1.61 1 61 1 ,55 1,32 1.46 1.50 1.50 1.49 1.49 1,32 1.50 1.48 1.50 1.52 1.50 1.52 Sec.-fl. 37.0 38.0 59.0 48.0 38.0 36.0 30.0 29.0 26.0 29.0 11.0 11.0 7.4 7.4 6.1 7.4 7 4 5 ,.5 4 1) 3,2 4.0 4.0 3.8 3 8 4.B 4.0 3.6 4.0 4.6 4.0 4.6 Feel. 1.44 1.48 1.44 1.41 1.37 1.38 1.42 1.42 1.40 1.40 1.38 1.34 1.33 1.30 1.30 1.32 1,30 1 30 1 30 1 30 1.30 1.30 1.29 2.60* 2.70 2.46 Dis- charge. Sec.-fl. 1,7 1.8 2.4 2.4 2.0 2.0 1,8 1.4 1 3 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 70.0 80.0 54.0 44.0 59.0 92.0 57.0 164 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, J9U 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 Daily Gauge-height and Discharge of Ledge Creek at Willow Creek Police Detachment, Sask., for 1911. — Continued. * Hea\'y rain. t Spring thaw. J Doubt accuracy of these gauge heights. July. .August. September. OCIOI/LT. November. Day. Gauge Dis- Gauge Dis- Gauge Dis- Gauge Dis- Gauge Dis- Height. charge. Height. charge. Height. charge. Height. charge. Height. charge. /•■«l. Stc.-fl. Feet. Sec.-fl. ■ Feet. Sec.-ft. Feel. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec-fl. 1 2 33 40 0 0 99 Nil. 0 35 Nil. 1 .50 4 0 1.30 1.0 2 2 25 40 0 0 99 0.30 1.48 3 6 1.30 1.0 3.. 2 32 46.0 0.99 0.30 1 46 3 2 1.30 1.0 4 4.12 •321.0 0.99 1.18 1.45 3.0 1.32 1.2 5.. 3.12 133.0 0.98 1.85 17.0 1.45 3.0 1.32 1.2 6 2 74 84 0 0 9S 7 44 1.550 0 1.44 2.8 1.32 1.2 7 2 10 30.0 l.OII 8.00 1.S30 0 1.44 2.8 1.33 13 8. 2 20 37.0 1.01 5.98 918.0 1.43 2.6 1.33 13 9. 1 92 20 0 101 3.80 249.0 1 43 2 6 1.34 14 10.. 1 96 21.0 1.00 3.13 134.0 1.42 2.4 1.35 15 11 1,70 11 0 1.00 2.66 76 0 1.40 2.0 1.35 1.5 12 1.76 13 0 1-02 2 34 47.0 1 39 1.9 1 34 1.4 13 1.70 11.0 1.02 2.26 41.0 1.37 17 1 34 14 14 1 59 6.7 1.01 2.05 26.0 1.35 15 1 34 14 15 1.58 6.4 1.00 1.98 22.0 1.35 15 1.34 14 16 1 57 6 1 0.99 1.86 17.0 1.34 1.4 17 1.55 5.5 0.95 1 86 17.0 1.34 14 18 1.51 4.3 0.91 1.75 13.0 1.33 1.3 19 1.50 4.0 0.87 1.70 11.0 1.33 1.3 .... 20 1.46 3.2 0.80 1.64 8.6 1.32 1.2 21 1 39 19 0.78 1.57 6.1 1.32 12 22 1.2S 0.8 0.74 1 60 7.0 1.31 1.1 23 1 25 0.5 0.72 1.62 7.8 1.30 1.0 24. 1.19 Nil. 0 70 1.56 5.8 1.30 1.0 25. 1.15 0 65 1.55 5.5 1.30 1.0 26 1 10 0 62 1.54 5 2 1.30 1.0 27 1 07 0.59 1.54 5 2 1.30 1.0 28 1 00 0 55 1.54 5.2 1.30 1.0 29. 1 05 0.50 1.53 4.9 1.30 1.0 30 1.02 0 44 1.51 4.3 1.30 1.0 31 0.9S 0.40 1.30 1.0 Monthly Discharge of Lodge Creek at Willow Creek Police Detachment, Sask., for 1911. Drainage area. 803 square miles. Discharge in Second-Feet. Rtm-OFF. Month. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per Square Mile. Depth in Inches on Total in Drainage Acre-Feet. .\rea. March (17-31) 684 0 377.0 59 0 92.0 321.0 0.0 34.0 3 2 0 9 0 0 141 1 0 176 106 5 0 133 15 7 0 020 16.5 0.020 27.5 0.034 0.098 4,198 April 0 . 148 6.337 May 0 023 965 0.022 982 July 0.039 1.691 1.830.0 4.0 15 0.0 10 10 167.8 6.209 1.8 0.002 1.3 0.002 0.223 9.985 October . 0.002 111 0.001 39 0 556 24.308 Plate No. 23. Foresr along Headwaters of Battle Creek, which helps lo hold back the snow water until late in Summer. Taken bj' M. H. French. BATTLE CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN 165 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Miscellaneous Discharge Measurements in Lodge Creek Drainage Basin, in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. | Stream. Location. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Dis- charge. May 17 June 8 Sept. 8 April 25 May 22 M. H. French W. A. Fletcher'. .... M. H. French Lodge Creek Sec. 4-2-29-3 Feet. Si. ft. 4.89 Feel per Sec. 0.680 Sec.-fl. 3 330 N.E. 24-2-30-3 i 44.0 Sec. 2.5-6-3-4 ' 10.0 " 22-6-3-4 1 5.7 78,40 3 11 2.55 2 840 222 400 Lodge Creek (East Br) 1,570 1.120 4.900 2.870 0.055 1.520 1,230 1 O.SO April 21 " 3-4-29-3 X April 29 Mav 23 (East Br.) Mitchell Creek Read Creek ■■ 14-6-2-4 " 14-6-2-4 X April 29 May 22 .\pril 28 " 13-6-2-4 " 34-6-3-4 X 9.0 .5 .1 6.25 2.45 0.619 0.320 0 490 3.870 0 290 May 22 0 362 ■■ ■• ::.i ::::::: 0 OSO May 22 Sexton Creek " 21-7-3-4 1 0 551 June 13 0 167 June 13 July 21 " 22-5-2-4 0.118 0 190 X xWeir measurements. BATTLE CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN. General Description. Battle Creek rises in Tp. 8; Rge. 2, \V. 4th Mer., and flows in an easterly direction for about eight miles, where it crosses the fourth meridian, then turns in a southeasterly direction and crosses the International Boundary in Sec. 3, Tp. 1, Rge. 26. VV. 3rd Mer., eventually emptying into Milk River near Chinook, Montana, .^s is characteristic of the streams in this locality, the valley is narrow and deep near the source and gradually broadens out into large flats and meadows. These large flats are first noticed in the vicinity of Battle Creek post office. Near the head of the stream the valley is well wooded with fair-sized timber, but this diminishes to a growth of willow brush along the banks and finally disappears altogether. The chief tributaries of Battle Creek are Tenmile Creek, joining it in Sec. 4, Tp. 6, Rge. 26 W. 3rd Mer., and Sixmile Coulee, joining it in Sec. 21, Tp. 6, Rge. 29, W. 3rd Mer. Stations have been established on both of these streams. There are three stations on Battle Creek at the following places :^Nashe's ranche, Wilson's ranche and Tenmile police detachment. Although it will be several years before it reaches its fullest development, the irrigation of the flats along the creek is increasing every season. This, it is expected, will result in a more uniform flow in the creek, as a certain amount of the water diverted by the irrigation ditches will be returned to the creek through seepage. The principal irrigation schemes under developemnt at the present time are Marshall and Gaff's near Battle Creek post office, Richardson's, McKinnon's, Stirling's, and Nashe's near Kelvinhurst post office. Cheeseman Ditch near Coulee. This station was est^iilished on June 24, 1911, by W. A. Fletcher. It is located in the S.W. J4 Sec. 12, Tp. 8, Rge. 29, W. 3rd Mer., about fifty yards from Ben Cheeseman's house. The channel is straight for 40 feet above and 30 feet below the station. The bottom of the ditch is composed of clay. The gauge, which is a plain board divided into feet and inches, is nailed to a post at the left bank. The zero (elevation, 96.005) is referred to a bench-mark (assumed elevation, 100.00) six feet southwest of the gauge. Discharge measurements are made with a weir. No records were obtained at this station during 1911. Sixmile Coulee at Soderstrom's Ranche. This station was established July 2, 1909, by H. R. Carscallen. It is located on Sec. 29, Tp. 7, Rge. 28, W. 3rd Mer., 200 yards west of the surveyed trail from Maple Creek to Tenmile and about thirty miles south of Maple Creek. 166 STREAM MEASUREMENTS. 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 The channel is straight for 50 feet above and 20 feet below the station. Both banks are high and not liable to overflow. The right bank is sparsely covered with brush; the left bank is free of brush. The bed of the stream is composed of sand and ver>' coarse gra\el with clay at the banks. The current is moderate. A small amount of vegetation is present at the station. Discharge measurements are made at or near the station by wading, and at ver\' low stages- a weir is used. The initial point for soundings is a square stake driven close to the ground on the left bank and marked "I. P." in red paint. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is nailed to an upright post sunk in the bed of the creek at the right bank, and securely stayed to the bank. The gauge is referred to bench-marks as follows: — (1) A nail-head driven into the top of a pointed willow stump on the right bank, about 150 feet upstream from the gauge, the stump blazed and marked "B.M." in red paint; (elevation, 7.77 feet above gauge zero.) (2) Nail-heads in the top of a log near the ground at the southeast corner of Mr. Soderstrom's north stable (elevation, 18. OS feet above gauge zero.) During 1911, the gauge was read by J. M. Soderstrom until June 10, when he moved away, and another observer could not be secured. Discharge Measurements of Sixmile Coulee at Soderstrom's Ranche, Sask., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Discharge. Heieh!. May 1 May 27 June 19 June 30 Sept. 13 M. H. FreBch do do I do I do I Feel. Sq.fl. Fl. per sec. Feel. Sec.-fl. 20.0 24 20 0.733 2 43 17.75 17.0 19 24 0.582 2.2.5 11.21 4 0 2.M 0 612 o.ns 1.74 6.0 13.80 0.490 1.95 6.77 26.0 28.00 0.659 1 2.76 18.45 Daily Gauge-height and Discharge of Sixmile Coulee at Soderstrom's Ranche, for 1911. April. May. June. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height, Dis- charge, Gauge Height. Dis- charge, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 XI Feel. 2.39 2.39 2.39 2.39 2.39 2.39 2.39 2.49 2.59 2.33 2.33 2.33 2 32 2 34 Sec-fl. 13.1 13.1 13.1 13.1 13.1 13.1 13.1 14.6 16.3 12.2 12.2 12.2 12.1 12 4 Feel. 2.40 2.28 2.23 2.10 1.98 1.78 1.76 1.74 1.70 1.68 1.78 1.76 1.74 1.72 1.90 2.00 1.90 1.80 1.76 1.80 l.SO 1.78 1.76 l.SO 2.27 2.20 2.18 2.14 2.04 2.00 1,90 Sec.-fl. 13.2 11.5 10.9 9.3 7.9 6 0 5.8 5.7 5.3 5.2 6,0 5,8 5,7 5,5 7,1 8,f 7.1 6.2 5.8 6.2 6.2 6.0 5.8 6.2 11.4 10.5 10,3 9,8 8,6 8,1 7,1 Fetl. 1,86 1,82 1,78 1,76 1,74 1,72 1,70 2,00 1,90 1.88 Sec.-fl. 6.7 6.4 6.0 5.8 5.7 5,5 5.3 8,1 7.1 6.9 12 13 15 2.36 12.6 2.50 14.8 2.45 14 0 16 17 18 2 59 2.49 2.45 2.35 2.35 2.35 2.30 2.10 2,03 2.00 2.00 2.45 3.20 16.3 14.6 14.0 • 12.5 12.5 12.5 11,8 9,3 8,5 8,1 8,1 14,0 29,1 19 20 21 22 23 25 27 28 29 30 31 BATTLE CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Monthly Discharge of Sixmile Coulee at Soderstrom's Ranche, Sask., for 1911. Drainage area, 27 square miles. 167 M ONTH. Discharge in Second-Feet. Run-Off. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per Square Mile. Depth in Inches on Drainage .A.rea. Total in Acre-Feet \pril 29.1 13.2 S.l 8.1 5.2 5.3 13.2 7.6 6.4 0.489 0.281 0.237 0.546 0.324 0.088 0.958 786 467 127 1.3S0 Spangler's Ditch near Battle Creek. This station was established on July 10, 1911, by W. .\. Fletcher. It is located in Sec. 6, Tp. 7, Rge. 28, W. 3rd Mer., about one half mile north of J. M. Spangler's house. This ditch is above the regular station on Sixmile coulee at Spangler's ranche. "The channel is straight for 40 feet above and 30 feet below the station. The bottom of the ditch is composed of clay. The zero of the gauge (elevation, 96.30) is referred to a bench-mark (assumed elevation, 100.00), which is located just back of the gauge. Discharge measurements are made with a current-meter or weir. Discharge Measurements of Spangler's Ditch near Battle Creek, Sask., in 1911. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. July 4 M. H. French . July 31 do Feet. 0.0 4.5 Sg. ft. 2 84 1 34 Ft. per sec. 1.130 0.111 Inches Sec.-ft. 3.21 l.SOx X Weir measurement. Sixmile Coulee .kt Spangler's Ranche. This station was established Julv 4, 1911, by M. H. French. It is located about 1000 feet east of J. M. Spangler's house on the \.\V. H Sec. 36, Tp. 6, Rge. 29, W. 3rd Mer., and is about 34 miles by trail southwest of Maple Creek and six miles north of Battle Creek post office. The channel is straight for about fifty feet above and below the station. The banks are covered with brush, which cause back-water in a portion of the cross-section during flood stage. The bed of the stream is composed of sand and gravel, and is not liable to shift. The current is swift at all stages. Discharge measurernents are made near the gauge, in low water by wading, and at a bridge 2000 feet upstream during high water. The initial point for soundings is a four-nich post on the right bank 562 feet from the bench mark on the left bank. The gauge is a plain staflf graduated to feet and hundredths, nailed vertically to a post sunk in the bed of the stream near the left bank. The zero of the gauge (elev., 90.68) is referred to a permanent iron bench-mark (assumed elev., 100.00) situated on the left bank and used as the final point for soundings. The gauge was read, during 1911, by Carl Spangler. This station is about three quarters of a mile below the Spangler irrigation ditch, which diverted a small amount of water from the creek during July and August, in 1911. 168 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 Discharge Measurements of Sixmile Coulee at Spangler's Ranche, Sask., in 1911. Dale. j Hydrographer. Width. Area of Mean Section. Velocity. Gauge Discharge. Height. July 3 M. H. French Fitl. 5 5 Sq. ft. Ft. per sec. 3 77 0 947 Ferl. Sec.-fl. 1 .26 3 59 July 4 do do do do 5 3 3.44 0.849 4 U 1 37 0 330 .^1 0 1 15 0 ]9i 1.29 1 2.92 July 31 Aug. 22 0 73 0 46* 0 75 0 22« 15 U 1 84 64 0 S24 5.69 i 69.77 Sept. 14 do 11 5 18 .iO I 000 3 00 ' IS 46 Oct. 30 do 5.7 1 4.68 0 901 1.35 i 4.50 * Discharge determined by means of a weir and referred to the regular cross-section. Daily Gauge-height and Discharge of Sixmile Coulee at Spangler's Ranche, Sask., for 1911. July. August. September. October. Day. Gauge Dis- Gauge Dis- Gauge Dis- Gauge Dis- Gauge Dis- Height. charge. Height. charge. Height. charge. Height. charge. Height charge. Feel. Sec.-fl. Feet. Sec-fl. Feci. Sec.-fl. Feel. Sec.-fl. _ F«,. Sec.-fl. 1. 0 68 0 2 0 76 0 4 2 12 9.3 1.45 4.1 2 0 70 0 2 0.70 0.2 2.10 9.1 * 3 1 26 3.0 0.08 0 2 0 69 0 2 2.08 S.9 • 4 1.20 2.6 0 70 0 2 1 20 2.6 2.09 9.0 1.51 . 4.5 S 1.10 2.0 0.72 0 3 5 00 53.0 2.07 8.8 1.43 4.0 6 1 05 1.8 0.79 0 5 6 45 92.0 2 03 8.5 1.34 3 4 7 1 04 17 0 S3 1) B 0 .iO 94.0 1 90 7 4 1 29 3.1 8 1 03 1.6 1 45 4 1 5.75 72.0 1 86 7 1 9... 0 93 1.2 l.SO 4.4 4 40 41 0 1 79 6.5 10.. 0.85 0.8 1.43 4.0 4.40 41.0 1.71 5.9 11 0.83 0.6 1.32 3.3 4.08 35 0 1.^5 5.5 12 0.78 0.4 1.20 2.6 3.45 24 0 1.61 5.2 13 0,75 0.4 1.12 2.1 3.15 20.0 1.55 4.8 14 0 74 0.3 1.05 1.8 3.03 19.0 1.46 4.2 15 0,71 0.2 1.02 1.6 3.00 18.0 1.43 4.0 16 0.71 0.2 1.00 1.5 2 39 12 0 1.39 3.7 17 0.72 0.3 0.92 1.1 2.30 10 9 1.36 3.6 18 0.73 0.3 0.94 1.2 2 23 10.3 1.24 2.8 19 0.74 0.3 0.80 0.5 2.15 9.6 1.10 2.0 20 0.75 0.4 0.85 0.8 2.01 8.3 1.34 3.4 21 0.76 0.4 0.82 0 6 1.90 7.4 1.46 4.2 22 0.76 0.4 0 75 0,4 1 .94 7.7 2.07 8.8 23 0.76 0.4 0 70 0,2 1 90 7.9 1.90 7.4 24 0.77 0.4 0.73 0.3 2.00 8.2 1.64 5.4 25 0.77 0.4 0.77 0.4 2.10 9.1 1.59 5.0 26 0.78 0.4 0.80 0 5 2.18 9 8 1.53 4.6 27 0.78 0.4 0.88 0 9 2 23 10 3 1.37 3.6 28 0.77 0.4 0.90 1.0 2 20 10 0 1.17 2.4 29 0.76 0.4 0.86 0.8 2 16 9.6 1.35 3.5 30 0.74 •0.3 0.82 0 G 2.14 9.5 1.39 3.7 31 0.70 0 2 0.75 0,4 1.44 4.0 * Creek frozen over. Plate Xo 24 Lindner Brothers' Ranche near Tenmil- Police Detachment. Taken by M. H. French. BATTLE CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Monthly Discharge of Sixmile Coulee at Spangler's Ranche, Sask., for 1911. Drainage area. 44 square miles. 169 Discharge in Second-Feet. Run-Off. Month. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per Square Mile. Depth in Indies on Drainage .\rea. Total in Acre-Feet. July 3-31 . . . 3 0 4.4 94.0 9 3 4.5 0 2 0 2 0.2 2.0 1 3.1 0.8 1 .2 21.8 5.6 3.8 0 018 0 027 0 495 0.127 0.0S6 1 0.019 0 031 0 5.52 0.146 0.016 44 August September.. October. . . . and 4-7 74 1.297 344 38 0.764 1.797 1 Note — Creek frozen over on Nov. 2 and 3. To get total run-off of this coulee add to above the run-off at Soderstrom's ranche five miles upstream. There is also a period June 10 to July 1 for which there are no records, which must be taken into consideration as there was a heavy precipitation throughout that period. See discharge measurements during this period on Sixmile Coulee. There was some water diverted above this station by Spangler's irrigation ditch. Lindner's Ditch near Battle Creek. This station was established July 26, 1910, by H. R. Carscallen. It is located on Sec. 10, Tp. 6, Rge. 29, W. 3rd Mer., about 100 feet west of the surveyed trail to Maple Creek. It is about one quarter of a mile south of the Battle Creek post office., and about 500 yards below the intake of the ditch. Discharge measurements are made by means of a 42-inch rectangular sharp-crested weir with complete end contractions. The channel is straight for 200 feet above and 150 feet below the station, where it curves sharply to the right and enters Lindner Bros' hay-meadow, where it is diverted into a number of different laterals for irrigation purposes. The bed of the ditch is composed of clay and coarse gravel. The current is swift below the station. The gauge is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths driven firmly into the bed of the ditch near the right bank, about tw^elve feet upstream from the weir. During I9I1, it was read by John Lindner. The discharge at this station must be added to that of Battle Creek at Tenmile police detach- ment, when computing the total run-off for the latter station. Discharge Measurements of Lindner's Ditch near Battle Creek, Sask., in 1911. Date, Hydrographer. Width. Ar«a of SectioN I Mean 1 Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. Aug. 2 2 4 .. M.H.French do Feet. Sq- ft. Ft. per see. Feel- 2 9 2 9 Sec.-fl. 0 .0561 0 060x do Nil X x Weir measurement. 170 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 Daily Gauge-height and Discharge of Lindner's Ditch near Battle Creek, Sask., for 1911. Day. (."LlUm.* Height. Dis- charge. June. July. August. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 6... 7... 8... 9... 10... II. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. Feet. 3.35 3. 35 3 35 3 35 3 35 3.35 3.45 3.45 3.45 3.05 t Sec.-ft. 2.17 2.17 2 17 2.17 2.17 2.17 3.21 Feel. 3.40 3.40 3.40 3 40 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 3 05 3 05 3.05 3.03 3.05 3.05 3.05 3 05 3 05 3 05 3 03 3.03 3 05 3 05 3.05 3.05 3.05 3 05 3 05 Sec.-ft. 2.67 2.67 2.67 2 67 2 67 2 67 2.67 2 67 2.67 2.67 2.67 0 06 0 06 0,00 0 08 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0 06 0.06 0.06 0 06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 Feet. 3.05 3.05 3.05 3 05 3.03 2 90 2 90 2.90 2.90 2.90 2.90 2.90 2 90 2.90 3.10 3.10 3.10 3.10 3 10 3.10 3.10 2 90 2.90 2.90 2.90 2.90 2.90 2.90 2.90 2.90 2.90 Sec.-ft. 0.06 0.06 0.06 0 06 0 06 0.06 0 06 0.06 0 06 0 06 0.06 0.06 0 06 n OS 1 27 1.27 1 27 1.27 1 27 1.27 I 27 0.06 0.06 0 06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 Feel. 2.90 2 90 2 90 2 90 2.90 2 90 2.90 2 90 2. 88 2 89 2.89 2.89 2.S9 2.89 2.89 2.89 2.89 2.S9 2.89 2.S9 Sec.-ft. 0.06 0 06 0.06 0 06 0.06 0.06 0 06 0.06 0.00 0.04 0 04 0 04 0 04 0.04 0.04 0 04 0 04 0.04 0 04 0.04 J Note — This is a 42" Weir Station. Elevation of crest May 9 to July 6, is 3.02 above zero of gauge; July 6 to Aug. 20 2.87' above zero of gauge. fHeadgate closed May 19 to June 1st. JClosed for the season. Monthly Discharge of I,indner's Ditch near Battle Creek, Sask., for 1911. Month. 1 Discharge IN Second-Feet. Total Maximum. M inimum. Mean. Discharge in acre feet. May (9-18) 3 21 0 06 0 06 0 06 n 04 2.27 1 02 0 33 0 fl,-> 45 .... 2 67 60 July August (1-20) ! 27 . 0 ik; 20 2 137 1 Tenmu-e Creek at Tenmile Police Detachment. This station was established July 21, 1900, by H. R. Carscallen. It is located about .300 yards west of the Tenmile police detachment near the mouth of the stream. The station is very close to the south boundary of Sec. 4, Tp. 6, Rge. 29, W. 3rd Mer., almost on the quartering line of the section, and about tivo miles south of Battle Creek post office. The channel is straight for fifteen feet above and twenty feet below the stream. Both banks are high, free from brush and not liable to overflow. The bed of the stream is composed of sand and coarse gravel. There is a small rapid above the station, but the current at the station is rather sluggish. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is nailed to and upright f ost sunk in the bed of the stream at the right bank and securely stayed to the bank. The gauge Plate No. 25. Wood and Anderson's Ranche. BATTLE CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN 171 SESSION.U. PAPER No. 23d is referred to bench marks as follows: (1) the top of the initial-point stake driven close to the ground on the left bank and marked "B.M." in red paint (elevation, 5.84 feet above the zero of the gauge); (2) the head of a spike driven into the pointed top of a willow stump about 100 feet downstream from the station on the right bank, the stump blazed and marked "B.M." in red paint (elevation, 6.15 feet above the zero of the gauge.) Discharge measurements are made at or near the gauge by wading, and at ver>- low stages a weir is used. The initial point for soundings is a square stake, close to the ground on the left bank and marked "I. P." with red paint. During 1911, the gauge was read by W. G. Patterson. Discharge Measurements of Tenmile Creek at Tenmile Police Detachment, Sask., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. April 22 May 18 M. H. French do do Feel. 5 20 5.50 5.80 5.06 .1 .-,0 .5 so 55 /;. 2.94 2.50 3.24 3.32 3.50 4.79 Ft. per sec. oiisi O.IOS 0.091 0.067 0.121 0,083 Feel. 1.90 0.62 0.59 0.63 0.69 0.76 0 9S Scc.-fl- 0.2G0 0 444 0.270 July 5 do 0 296 Sept. 2 Sept. 15 Sept. 30 do 0 224 do do 0.423t 0.400* * Beaver dams raising water Daily Gauge-height and Disch.\rge of Tenmile Creek, at Tenmile Police Detachment, Sask.' for 1911. May. June. July. August. Gauge I Dis- Gauge Dis- Gauge Height, j charge. Height, charge. Height. Dis- Gauge charge. Height. September. Dis- i Gauge charge. I Height. Dis- charge. Feel. 1 2., 3. 4. 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 .... 16 17 18,. 0.65 19, 0.62 20 0.63 21 0.61 22 0.60 23 0.72 24 0.65 25 0.63 26 .- 0.65 27 0.68 28 0.63 29 0.62 30 0.63 31 I 0.64 Sec.-ft. Feel. Sec.-fl. 0.6 0,4 0,4 0 3 0,3 1.0 0 6 0,4 0.63 0 62 0-62 0.63 0.64 0.64 0.65 0.63 0.63 0.59 0.58 0.59 0.59 0.60 0.59 0,.-)S 0.5S 0.57 0.3S 0.59 0.59 0.61 0.59 0,60 0.60 0.61 0.60 0.60 0.59 0.00 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 1 0,2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0,2 0.2 ■ 0 0 2 3 0 2 0 9 0 1 0 9 • 1 Feel. 0.62 0.63 0,63 0.62 0.64 0.63 0.62 0,62 0.62 0.63 0.63 0.62 0.64 0.64 0.63 0.63 0 62 0 61 0,61 0.60 0.60 0.61 0.61 1 BI 0.60 0.59 0,59 0.59 0,59 0,59 0.59 Sec.-fl. 0.3 0,4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Feet. 0.59 0,59 0.59 0.59 0.60 0..S5 0.65 0,67 0.65 0.61 0..61 0.60 0.59 0.59 0.5S 0.58 0.58 0.5S 0.58 0.58 0.59 0.58 0,65 0 65 0,63 0.65 0.66 0.66 O 67 0.70 0.70 Sec.-fl. 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.4 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Nil. 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 Feel. 0.70 0.69 0.69 0 90 1 00 2.00 1.73 1.67 1.50 1.20 1.00 0.90 0.86 0.80 0.75 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.69 0.67 0.67 0.70 0.95 1.00 1.03 1.03 1.00 1.00 0.95 0.98 0.3 0.3 0.3 1.6 2.6 26.0 19.0 17.0 12 0 5.4 2.3 1.4 1.1 0.7 0 4 0 1 0 1 0,1 Nil. 0,1 0.9 1.1 1.3 12 0.8 0.7 0.4 0.4 Note — .\pplied changing conditions from June 10 to September 30 because of beaver dams below. Gauge heights after Sept. 30 valueless but the approximate monthly discharge is 0.3 sec-ft. or 18 acre-feet. This creek would be dr>' all summer but for springs just above the station. 172 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 Monthly Discharge of Tenmilc Creek at Tenmile Police Detachment, Sask., for 1911. Drainage area, 24 square miles. Month. Discharge in Second-Feet. Run-Off. Maximum. M nimum. Mean. Per Square Mile. Depth in Inches on Dr.^inaKe Area. Total in -\cre-Feet. May 18-31 . 1.0 0.5 0.4 1.4 26.0 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.58 0.27 0.19 0.16 3.26 0 021 0 on 0 OOS 0.007 0.136 0 Oil 0 012 0 0O9 0 008 0.152 14 16 July 12 10 194 0.192 246 Note — Run-off during October was approximately 0.3 sec.-ft., or IS acre-feet. Battle Creek at Tenmile Police Detachment. This station was established June 3, 1909, by F. T. Fletcher. It is located below the mouth of Tenmile Creek at the highway bridge on the surveyed trail from Maple Creek to Tenmile, and about 400 yards from the Tenmile police detachment. It is practically in the centre of N.E. Jl Sec. 33, Tp. 5, Rge. 29, \V. 3rd Men, about two miles south of Battle Creek post office and 55 miles south of Maple Creek. The bridge is a steel structure of the pony-truss type, con- sisting of one eighty foot span, supported by two timber, rock-tilled piers and having a twenty- foot approach at each end of t he bridge. There is only one channel at all ordinary stages of the stream, but owing to the presence of the two piers supporting the truss there are three channels at times of floods. The channel is straight for 500 feet above and 300 feet below the station. Both banks are high and not liable to overflow e.\cept in e.\treme floods, when the water breaks over the right bank some distance above the station and flows around the bridge. The right bank is free of brush for some distance above and below the station; the left bank is sparsely covered with willows near the station. The bed of the stream is sandy, and may shift somewhat in high stages of the stream. The current is ver>' sluggish, and at ver>- low stages vegetation appears in the bed of the stream at the station. During the summer months there is a heavy growth of weeds in the bottom of the channel which retards the water and alters conditions at the regular cross- section. Daily discharges for 191J. were obtained, therefore, by an indirect method, similar to that used for shifting channels. As there were several measurements obtained during the summer, the results may be considered fairly accurate. Discharge measurements are made from the downstream side of the bridge. The initial point for soundings is the inner face of the right abutment. Low-water measurements are made by wading near the bridge. The gauge, which is of the standard chain type, is located about the centre of the steel truss and is securely fastened to the guard-rail on the downstream side of the bridge. The length of the chain from the bottom of the weight to the marker is 19.10 feet. The zero of the gauge (elev., 86.87) is referred to a permanent iron bench-mark (assumed elev., 100.00) at the northeast corner of the bridge. The bench-mark stands about three inches above ground and is well protected by rock. It is nine feet southwest of road diversion pin"R.V." and thirty feet north- east of the north end of the bridge pier. During 1911, the gauge was read by Const. C. H. Green, of the R. N. W. M. Police. Plate No. 26. Bridge over Battle Creek at Teiimile Police Detachment. BATTLE CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN 173 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Discharge Measurements of Battle Creek at Tenmile Police Detachment, Sask., in 1911. Date. Hydrogiapher Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. April 21 M. H. French. May 18 do June 10 do July S do July 13 do July 19 do Aug. 1 do .^ug. 10 do Aue. 24 do Sept. 2 do Sept. 7 do Sept. 1.^. do Sept 25 . do . Oct. 26. do . Oct 26 do 37 .5 33.3 30.0 "2 0 36 0 43 0 M II :<2 1) ■.',2 'I 32.0 Sq. ft. 106 80 64 11 52 70 65 30 60 58 53 30 53 70 73.71 53 02 50 25 191 12 69 50 63.60 58. 50 62.66 Ft. per sec. 1 372 0 875 0.513 0 491 0 265 0 152 0.144 0.403 0 149 0.139 1.62S 0 754 0 706 0.721 0.775 Feet. 4.630 3. 390 3 020 3-180 3.215 060 130 615 000 890 6.690 3 610 3 430 3 270 3.400 S'C.-ft. 146.50 55. Sit 27.0St 32 02 16 07 8 43 7.73 29.7]' 7.94t 7.02 311.22 52.39; 44,89: 42 . 19* 48.56* * Rapidly changing gauge height. t Gauged 1.000 feet down stream from the bridge. X Gauged 500 feet down stream from the bridge. * Gauged 600 feet down stream from the bridge. Daily Gauge-height and Disch-\rge of Battle Creek at Tenmile Police for 1911. Detachment, Sask., April. May. Day. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. July. Gauge Height. Dis- cbarge. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 4 'io 4.39 4 10 3 96 3 82 3.80 3 86 3 63 3 45 3.30 Sec.-fl. 146 122 98 87 77 76 80 64 54 43 Feet. 3 48 3 57 3 61 3 72 3. SO 3 75 3 -35 3 40 3 21 3 10 3 17 3 16 3 OS 3 01 3 06 3 27 3 57 3 40 3 21 3 26 3.40 3 46 3.44 3 30 3 22 3 13 Sec.-fl. 36.0 60 0 64 0 70 0 76.0 74 0 61 0 53 0 43 0 41 0 42 0 41 0 38 0 34 0 37.0 48 0 67 0 56 0 43 0 48 0 43 0 39 0 49.0 53 0 49.0 53.0 56.0 54 0 47 0 41 0 36 0 Feet. 3.90 3.81 3.76 3.58 3.48 3.49 3.34 3.31 3.37 3.34 3.31 3.29 3.20 3.17 3.16 3 01 3.00 3.03 3.09 3.03 3.14 3.19 3.17 ■3.30 3.25 3 20 3.12 3.08 3.01 3.03 3.17 Sec.-ft. 57.0 51.0 48.0 39 0 32 0 33 0 25.0 23 0 25 0 23 0 22 0 20.0 16 0 14 0 13 0 8.3 8 0 9 0 9.3 8 4 11 0 12 5 11 5 15 0 13 0 11 0 8.0 7,5 5.0 3 .3 9 0 174 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 Daily Gauge-height and Dischakge of Battle Creek at Tenmile Police Detachment, Sask., for 1911. — Continued. August. September. October. November. Day. Gauge Dis- Height. charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Dis- Height. charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1.. . 2 Feel. 3 14 3.12 3.12 3.14 3.16 3.94 3.55 3.70 3.75 3.63 3.50 3 39 3.31 3 30 3.20 3.10 3.10 3.07 2.98 2.96 2 92 2.93 3.00 3.02 2,99 2.99 3.02 3.00 3 00 2.96 2.98 Sec.-ft. 9.0 8.5 9.0 10.0 11.0 *43.0 25.0 32.0 34.0 29.0 23.0 20.0 17.5 17.5 14.0 11.0 11.0 10.0 8.0 7.0 6.0 6.4 8.0 8.5 7.5 7.5 9.0 8.0 8.5 7.5 8.0 Feel. 2.93 2.86 2.85 3 35 6.06 7.60 6.74 6.13 5.40 4.87 4.27 Sec.-ft. 7.0 6 0 6 0 25 0 245 .0 415 0 321 0 255.0 181 0 133.0 87.0 Feel. Sec.-ft. 3 22 36.0 3 22 36 0 3 26 38.0 3 62 56 0 3 45 49.0 3 39 45.0 3 27 39.5 3 22 38.0 3 20 37.0 3.18 36.0 3.13 34.0 3.10 33 0 3 06 310 3 04 30 0 3 02 29 0 3 00 28.0 2 90 24.0 3 06 32 0 3 12 34 0 3.10 33 0 3.09 33.0 3.10 33 0 3 33 44 0 3 25 41 0 3.17 37 0 3.10 34.0 3.13 36 0 3 27 42 0 3.55 57.0 3.10 34 0 3.04 31.0 Feel. Sec.-ft. 3.06 32 0 3.08 33.0 3 3.10 34.0 4 3.04 31.0 5 3.12 35.0 6 3 04 3.15 31 0 7 36.0 8 9 10 11 .... 12 4.03 73.0 3.90 67.0 3 71 58 0 3.60 52 0 3.49 46.0 3.46 45.0 3 44 44 0 3 40 42 0 3.30 38.0 3.18 32.0 3.60 54.0 3.40 43 0 3 40 43 0 3.44 45 0 3.43 45.0 3.42 45.0 3.38 42 0 3.30 39 0 3.27 38 0 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 ... *Increase in discharge due to rain in hills. Note — Applied shifting conditions throughout the summer due to growth of grass in the channel. There was a considerable daily flow at this point during the latter part of March and the early part of -April. Monthly Discharge of Battle Creek at Tenmile Police Detachment, Sask., for 1911. Drainage area, 201 square miles. Discharge in Second-Feet. RtTJ-OFF. Month. Maximum. M inimum. Mean. Per Square Mile. Depth in Inches on Drainage Area. Total in Acre-Feet. April 21-30 146 76 93 57 43 415 56 36 ! 1 1 1 45 34 8 5 6 6 2S 31 84.9 50 9 24.6 19.1 14 0 85.7 36.8 33.1 0.422 0.253 0 122 0 095 0.070 0.426 0.183 0.165 0.157 0.292 0.136 0.110 0.080 0.475 0.211 0.041 1.684 May 3.130 1.464 Julv 1.174 86 1 5.100 2.263 460 1.S02 16.136 elsewhere. Note — There was some water diverted by Lindner's ditch during 1911. See records for Lindner's ditch BATTLE CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN 175 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Marshall's Ditch near Tenmile Police Detachment. This station was established on July 11, 1911, by W. A. Fletcher. It is located in the N.E. }4 Sec. 33, Tp. 5, Rge. 29, \V. 3rd Mer., about half a mile below the regular station upon Battle Creek near the Tenmile police detachment. The channel is straight for 100 feet above and 40 feet below the station. The bottom of the channel is muddy, and covered with a rank growth of weeds which will alter conditions at the The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and inches, is nailed to a post sunk in the ditch near the right bank. The zero is referred to a bench-mark upon a three-inch stake upon the right bank above the gauge. Measurements are made either with a current-meter or a weir. This station was established too late to secure records of the amount of water di\erted in the season of 1911. Discharge Measurements of Marshall's Ditch near Tenmile Police Detachment, Sask., in 1911. Date Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section Mean Velocity Gauge Height. Discharge. M. H. French do 0.6 Sq. ft. 2.92 4^75 Ft. per sec. 0 , 106 6a65 I Inches. in Src.-,t. 0.309 NU. Sepl 20 do 7 5 2.210 Gaff's Ditch NEAR Tenmile Police De TACHMENT. This station was established on July 11, 1911, by W. A. Fletcher. It is located in the S.W. U Sec. 25, Tp. 5, Rge. 29, W. 3rd. Mer. The channel is straight for 200 feet above and 300 feet below the station. The bottom of the ditch is composed of a sandy loam. The gauge, which is a plain staflf divided into feet and inches, is nailed to a post near the right bank. The zero (elev. 97.29) is referred to a bench-mark (assumed elev., 100.00) situated three feet southwest of the gauge. This station was established too late to secure records of the amount of water appropriated in 1911. Discharge Measurements of Gaff's Ditch near Tenmile Police Detachment, Sask., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width Area of Section Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. May 19 Aug. 2 M. H French do Feel. ..1 8.0 8.36 2:47 Fl. per sec. 1.580 6! 647 Inches. 5.25 Sec.-ft 13.21 Aug. 25 do - ! Nil. Sept. 25 do ."i .■; 1.60x X Melting snow only. Battle Creek at Wilson's Ranche. This station was established July 5, 1910, by H. R. Carscallen. It is located in the S.W. ]^ Sec. 2, Tp. 6, Rge. 28, W. 3rd Mer., about three quarters of a mile south of Wilson's house and below his irrigation ditch. It is about ten miles east of Battle Creek post office. The channel is straight for about 200 feet above and 125 feet below the station. Both banks are high, sparsely covered with brush and not liable to overflow. The bed is composed of sand and gravej, and is liable to shift. Discharge measurements are made at the station by wading. The initial point for sound- ings is a squared stake, driven within one foot of the ground in the left bank, 73 feet from the gauge-height and marked "I. P. OO." 176 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is spiked to a post sunk in the bed of the stream on the left bank. It is referred to a bench-mark upon a spike-head in a hub driven close to the final point stake on the right bank; elevation 12. 58 feet above the zero of the gauge. During 1911, the gauge was read by \V. S. Wilson. This station is important, as it is the nearest point upon Battle Creek to Cypress Lake at which an observer can be obtained. The storage possibilities of Cypress Lake are under investigation. Discn.\RGE Measurements of Battle Creek at Wilson's Ranche, Sask., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge April 17 M. H. Frenrh. May 10 ' do June 3 do July 12 do Aug. 4 do Aug. 26 , do Sept. 23 do Oct. 26 do Ftct. 5,. /(. Ft. per sec. Ftit. Stc.ft. 37 0 40 .39 1 87(5 3 855 To 79t 3(i 4 42 04 1 039 1 850 43 70 .-So 6 2.'>,S1 0,712 1 420 IS 39 30.0 26 52 0 543 1 4-.0 14 41 rw 0 24 94 0.458 1 370 11 43 35.0 24.31 0.468 1.330 11 40 37.5 .58 30 0.773 1 890 45 09 37.0 56 01 0.788 1.910 44.19* * Poor conditions. t Ice in channel. Daily Gauge-height and Discharge of Battle Creek at Wilson's Ranche, Sask., 1911. Day. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7, 8. 9, 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. March. Gauge Height. Dis- cliarge. Sec-It. April. Gauge Height. Feet. 4.80 5.00 5 00 5 00 5 00 5.00 4 90 4 35 4.30 4.32 4.50 4.47 4.37 4.30 4.15 4.00 3. 85 4 66 4 65 3.70 3.30 3 20 2.87 2 65 2.30 2.39 2,25 2 30 2,10 2 05 Dis- charge. Sec.-fl. t t t t t t t t X t t t X X X X 76 0* 178.0* 208 0» 146 0* 140.0* 158.0* 126 0 106.0 77 0 84,0 73 0 77 0 61 0 57.0 May. Gauge Height. Feet. 2.05 2 20 2.26 2 27 2.50 2,50 2 40 2 10 2.08 1.82 1,79 1 80 1 80 • 1 66 1.60 1.60 1 85 2 00 1. 82 1.80 1,95 1.90 1 84 1.86 1.85 I 86 1,87 1,88 1,85 1,84 1.70 Dis- charge. Sec.-fl. 57 69 74 75 94 94 83 61 59 41 39 40 40 31 27 27 44 55 42 41 51 48 44 46 45 46 47 48 45 44 35 June. Gauge Dis- Height. charge. Feel. • Sec.-ft. 1 60 28.0 1 55 25 0 I 40 17 0 1 30 13 0 1.60 29 0 1 60 28 0 1,55 25 0 1.65 31 0 1.62 29 0 1.58 26 0 1.55 25,0 1.44 18 0 1.35 15 0 1.17 7 0 1.10 5 0 1.08 4,0 1,05 3 5 1.05 3.5 1.04 3.3 1.04 3 3 1.03 3 0 1,04 3.2 1.05 3 3 1 33 12 0 1.85 42 0 2.60 103 0 2.20 69 0 1,S8 43 0 1,70 . 31 0 1.72 32,0 BATTLE CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN 177 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Daily Gauge-height and Discharge of Battle Creek at Wilson's Ranche, Sask., for 1911. Continued., 1 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7., 8. 9.. 10., 11.. 12.. 13.. 14.. 15.. 16. 17.. 18.. 19.. 20.. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. September. October. November. Gauge Dis- Gauge Dis Gauge Dis- Gauge Dis- Gauge Height, charge. ' Height. [ charge. ' Height, charge. Height, charge. Height. Dis- charge. Feet. ■ Sec.-ft. 2.04 2 00 2.00 I. SB l.SO 1.70 1.61 1.58 1.54 1.50 1.30 1.30 1 30 1 30 1.30 1.30 21 22 : 1.30 23 , 24 25 1.50 1.40 1 35 1 30 1.30 1.31 54.0 52.0 52.0 41.0 37.0 30.0 24.0 22 0 19.0 17.0 1.48 : 16.0 1.45 14.0 1.39 12.0 1.35 10 0 1.30 1 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.6 8 6 1.35 11.0 1.43 , 14 0 1.45 15.0 17.0 13.0 11 0 9 0 Feet. 1.33 1-32 1 33 1.34 1.35 1.36 1.70 1.84 ISO 1.84 1.70 1.60 1.53 1.50 1 47 1.44 1.39 1.37 1.35 1.31 1 28 1.25 1.24 1.25 1.28 1.33 1.32 1 30 1.28 1.27 1.27 Sec.-ft. . Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. 10.0 9.5 10.0 10.5 11.0 11 0 28.0 38.0 35.0 38.0 28.0 23.0 19 0 IS 0 16.0 15.0 13.0 12.0 12 0 11.0 9 0 8.5 8.0 8.5 9.5 12.0 11.6 10.7 10 0 9.7 9.7 1.26 1.25 1.24 2.00 3.80 5 30 5.00 4.72 3.80 3.35 2.70 2.40 2 41 2 30 2.21 2.00 1.90 1.92 1.95 2.00 1.96 1.93 1.91 1.94 1.82 1.81 1.82 1-82 1.86 1 85 9.4 9 0 8.7 53.0 241.0 490.0 440.0 388.0 241.0 182.0 112.0 85.0 86 0 V 0 70.0 53.0 46 0 47.0 50 0 53.0 50.0 48 0 47.0 49.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 43 0 42.0 1.S5 1.82 1 80 2 00 2.01 1 94 1.80 1.86 1 85 1.84 1.81 ISO 1 79 1.7S 1.77 1.77 1.74 1 75 1.78 1.79 1.82 1 80 1.90 1.95 1.93 1.90 1.88 2 07 2.00 1.94 1.98 42 40 39 53 54 49 39 43 42 42 40 39 38 38 37 37 35 36 38 38 40 39 46 50 48 46 45 59 53 49 52 Feel. 2.00 1.91 ISO 1.74 1.70 1.85 2.00 Sec.-ft. 53 47 S9 35 32 42 53 * Ice conditions for which no data is available. * Applied shifting conditions because of ice in bottom of channel. Note — Applied shifting conditions because of grass in bottom of channel from May 10 to Aug. 26. Monthly Discharge of Battle Creek at Wilson's Ranche, Sask., for 1911. Drainage area. 260 square miles. Discharge in Second-Feet. Rtn;-OFF. Month. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per Square Mile. 1 Depth in Inches on Total in Drainage .\cre-Feet. Area. April 17-30 208 94 103 54 38 490 59 53 57.0 27.0 3 0 8.6 8.0 8.7 35.0 33.0 111.9 51.4 22.7 18.6 15.3 106.0 43.4 43.0 0.430 0.198 0.087 0.072 0.059 0.408 0.167 0.165 0 224 3 107 May 0 228 3 160 June 0 097 1 351 July 0 083 1144 0 068 941 0 455 6.307 October 0 192 2 669 November 1-7 0 043 597 The period 1 390 19 276 Note — There was considerable run-off in April. March and November that is not included in above data. The water diverted by Marshall & Gaffs irrigation ditch during the months of April, May and June must be Included in above when comparing it with the corresponding data for Battle creek at Tenmile PoUce Detachment. 178 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 Gilchrist Brothers' Ditch near Keuvinhurst. This station was established on October 16, 1911, bv F. T. Fletcher. It is located on the S.W. li Sec. 11, Tp. 5, Rge. 29, \V. ;jrd Mer., at the intake to the ditch. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and inches, is nailed to the right side of a flume at a point -15 feet from the intake gate. The zero of the gauge (elev., 96.92) is referred to the top of a po.st at the lower end of the flume (assumed elev., 100.00). Discharge measurements may be made with a meter in the flume or with a weir below the flume. No water was diverted after the gauge had been installed. Richardson's Ditch near Kelvinhurst. This station was established on October 14, 1911, by F. T. Fletcher. It is located on the S.E. Ji Sec. 2, Tp. 5, Rge. 27, W. 3rd IVlcr., 192 feet east and twelve feet north of the southwest corner of the quarter section. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and inches, is nailed to a post at the right bank of the ditch. The top of the gauge (elev., 99.70) is referred to the top of the pin in the "mound'' on the north boundan,- of Sec. 35, Tp. 4, Rge. 27, W. 3rd Mer. The ditch is straight for 200 feet above and 500 feet below the gauge. The cross-section is uniform, and the banks are in good condition. Discharge measurements may be made with a weir or a meter by wading near the gauge. No water was diverted after the gauge had been installed. Discharge Measurements of Richardson's Ditch near Kelvinhurst, Sask., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. ' Mean ' Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. June 3 July 11 Aug. 4 . M.H.French Fed. Sq.ft. Ft. per sec. Feel. Sec. -ft. 1 .347 do 0 545x do o.aoox X Weir measurement. McKinnon's Ditch near Kelvinhurst. This station was established on October 20, 1911, by F. T. Fletcher. It is located on the N.W. Ji Sec. 20, Tp. 4, Rge. 26, \V. 3rd JMer., about 364 feet south and 127 feet east of the north- west corner of Sec. 20 and near James McKinnon's house. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and inches, is nailed to a post near the left bank of the ditch. The top of the gauge (elev., 100.59) is referred to the top of a stake on the left bank, and thirteen feet downstream from the gauge. The ditch is straight for 75 feet above and 1.500 feet below the gauge. The bed and banks of the ditch are composed of clay. The cross-section is uniform, and the banks in good condition at the gauge. The fall is one and a half feet per mile. Discharge measurements may be made with either a meter or a weir, according to the quantity of water in the ditch. No water was diverted after the gauge had been installed. Discharge Measurements of McKinnon's Ditch near Kelvinhurst, Sask., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. Aug. 2S M. H. French Feet. 9.0 Sq. ft. 6.43 F!. per sec. 0.S13 Feet. Sec.-ft. 5.35 Stirling and Nash's Ditch near Kelvinhurst. This station was established on July 11, 1911, by M. H. French. It is located on Sec. 22, Tp. 3, Rge. 7, \V. 3rd Mer., and is about one mile from the head-gate of the ditch and 1,000 feet east of Stirling Brothers' house. Plate No. 27. Gauging Station on Battle Creek at Nash's Ranche. Taken by M. H. French. BATTLE CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN 179 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is nailed to a post and braced to a small bridge near the centre of the ditch. The zero of the gauge (elev., 9-4.81) is referred to the top of a stake on the right bank (assumed elev., 100.00. The ditch is straight for 1,000 feet above and 600 feet below the gauge. The cross-section is uniform, and the bed and banks of the ditch are in good condition at this point. Discharge measurements are made with a current-meter by wading near the gauge at or- dinary- stages but during low water a weir is used. Discharge Measurements of Stirling and Nash's Ditch near Kelvinhurst, Sask., in 191 1 Date ' Hydrographer. i Width. .\rea of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge May 11 Juni? ."> Jj'.y 111 1 M. H. French do Feet. 90 Sg.ft. 6.82 6.40 8.27 Ft. per sec. 0.904 1 200 1.240 Feet. i'.33 0.50 Sec.-ft. 6 17 7 67 do 8.3 10.24 do Nil. Mea.\ Daily G.auge-height, in feet, of Stirling and Nash's Ditch, near Kelvinhurst, Sask. for 1911. Day. July. August. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6, 7. 8. 9. 10 11, 12 13 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 29 29 30 27 25 25 •)•> 14 14 14 14 14 12 10 0 80 n 72 0 70 0 «6 (1 (i4 0 62 0 58 0 56 0.55 0.52 0.50 0.50 0.53 0,55 0.55 0 50 0.42 0.34 0.26 0.18 0.14 0.09 0 06 0.02 Battle Creek at Nash's R.\nche. This station was established May 11, 1910, by N. M. Sutherland. It is located on the N.E. a Sec. 3, Tp. 3, Rge. 27, W. 3rd Men, and is' 270 feet west of E. R. Nash's house. It is is about seventy miles by trail from Maple Creek. The stream flows in one channel 4.5 feet wide at ordinary' stages. The channel is straight for about 2.50 feet above and 300 feet below the station. The right bank is solid clay, high and not liable to overflow. The left bank is also of clay, but is low, and liable to overflow during high stages of the stream. The bed of the stream is composed of sand and gravel and may shift in high stages of the stream. Discharge measurements are made at low and ordinar>- stages, by wading, but during high water the stream cannot be waded and the disoharge is computed by slope measurements. The initial point for soundings is the face of a post on the left bank, marked "O OO" in red paint. 180 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is fastened to a post sunk in the bed of the stream at the left bank. The zero (elev., 90.23) isreferred to a permanent iron bench-mark (assumed elev., 100.00) on the left bank, seven feet east of the initial point of. soundings, and in the line of the cross-section. The bench-mark is also 1902.G feet S. 81°. 28'. VV from the northeast corner of Sec. 3, Tp. 3, Rge. 27, \V. 3rd Mer. It is about eight inches above ground and is protected by a mound of rock. During 1911, the gauge was read by E. R. Nash. With the exception of Badger's irrigation ditch, this station is below all the irrigation ditches on Battle Creek. During 1911, Stirling and Nash's ditch diverted a small quantity of water during May, June and July, and Richardson's ditch was running an average of one cubic foot per second all sunmier. Discharge Measurements of Battle Creek at Nash's Ranche", Sask., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. ' Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge April 18 M. H. French Fee.. 44 3 44 0 40 0 40.0 40 0 32.0 77.0 43.5 43.5 63 00 34 90 15 20 16 10 16 16 6.92 30 50 41 79 36 30 Fl. per sec. 1 390 1 071 0 700 0 627 0 564 0 319 2 330 1 124 0.921 Feel. 1 910 1 250 0 730 0 720 0 710 0 470 6 150 1 375 1.180 Sec.-fl. 90 22t May 12 do 37 41 June 5 . . ^ July 10 . . do 10. 6U do 10.10 Aug 6 do 9 12 Aug. 28 . do 2 21» Sept. 13 Sept. 19 Oct. 24 do 711 00* do 46 93 do 33.45 t Gauged 300 ft. down stream. J Gauged 1.000 ft- up stream. * Gauged 500 ft. up stream. * Slope measurement. Daily Gauge-height and Dischakge of Battle Creek at Nash's Ranche, Sask., for 1911. April. May. June. July. Day. Gauge Dis- Gauge Dis- Gauge Dis- Gauge Dis- Height. charge. Height. charge. Height. charge. Height. charge. Feet. Sec.-fl. Feet. Sec.-fl. Feet. Sec.-fl. Feel. Sec.-fl. 1.95 94 1.65 68 1.17 33.0 1 25 38 0 2.45 140 1 55 60 1 05 26 0 0.87 16 0 1.98 96 1 54 59 0.90 18.0 0 93 20 0 1.95 94 1.65 68 0 85 15.0 1 04 25 0 1.85 84 1.75 76 0 SO 13.0 1.05 26 0 1.90 89 1 85 84 0.68 8 3 1 03 25 0 1.75 76 1 90 89 0.65 7 3 0.94 20.0 2.74 169 1 75 76 0 75 11 0 0 90 18 0 1.56 61 1 68 70 0 SO 13 0 0.80 13 0 1.70 72 1 42 50 0.75 11 0 e 74 U 0 1.65 68 1 30 42 0 83 14 5 0 65 7 3 1.65 68 1 2.i 38 0 80 13 0 0 60 5 5 1.92 91 1 20 35 0 80 13 0 0 55 4 2 2.47 142 1 10 29 0 70 9 0 0 55 4 2 2.80 175 1 05 26 0.65 7.3 0 53 3 8 1.80 80 1 06 27 0 54 4 0 0 46 2 4 1 85 84 1 05 26 0 44 2 0 0 45 2 2 1.85 84 1 O.i 26 0.38 1 2 0 43 2 2 2 79 174 1 IS 34 0.40 14 0 54 4 0 2.85 ISO 1 30 42 0.44 2.0 0 44 2 0 2.45 140 1 10 29 0 48 2 7 0 45 2 2 2 65 IfiO 1 10 29 0.52 3 5 0 34 0 7 2 25 120 1 30 42 0.50 3.0 0 34 0 7 2.18 114 1 15 32 0.44 2 0 0 35 0 8 2.00 98 1 10 29 0.40 14 0 40 14 1.85 84 1 25 38 0 45 2.2 0 55 4 2 1.68 70 1 30 42 0 40 14 0.56 4 3 1.67 70 1 2.5 38 0 48 2 7 0 57 4 8 1 69 71 1 25 38 1 20 35.0 0.64 6 9 1 74 75 1 25 38 1.30 42.0 0.64 6 9 1.20 35 0.64 6.9 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. BATTLE CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN 181 SESSIONAL PAPEK No. 25d Daily Gauge-height and Discharge of Battle Creek at Nash's Ranche, Sask., for 1911. — Con. August. Day. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. September. October. November. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. Feet. 0 63 0 65 0 67 0 67 0.64 0 71 0 73 0.75 0 85 0 90 0 98 1 00 1 02 0 76 0.88 0.84 0.84 0 75 0 70 0.68 0.65 0.63 .0.57 0.50 0.40 0 53 0.50 0 48 0 45 0 43 0.38 Sec.-fl. 6 6 7 3 8.0 8 0 6.9 9 4 10 3 11.0 16 0 18 0 22 0 23 0 24 0 11 0 17 0 15 0 15 0 11.0 9.0 8.3 7.3 6.6 4,8 3.0 1.4 3.8 3.0 2.7 2 2 1.9 1.2 Feet. 0.38 0 50 0.60 0.70 1.19 5.47 5.43 4 75 4.00 3 25 2.65 2.35' 2 10 1.90 1.75 1 65 1.57 1.50 1.40 1.35 1 42 1.43 1.55 1.40 1.43 1.50 1.53 1.53 1 44 1.40 Sec.-fl. 12 3 0 5 5 9 0 34.0 566 0 558 0 434.0 320.0 225.0 100.0 130.0 107 0 89.0 76.0 68 0 62 0 56.0 49 0 46.0 50 0 51.0 60 0 49.0 51.0 56 0 58.0 60 0 52.0 49.0 Feet. 1 32 1 30 1 28 1.25 1 23 1.28 1.44 1 34 1 30 1.23 1 23 1.24 1.20 1 20 1.20 1 17 1 10 1 12 1 15 1 20 1 21 1 24 1 20 1.18 1 20 1 20 1 05 1 08 1 34 1 44 1 33 Sec.-ft. 43 0 42 0 41.0 38 0 38.0 41 0 52 0 45.0 42.0 38.0 38.0 38 0 35 0 35 0 35.0 33 0 29 0 30 0 32.0 35.0 36 0 38 0 35 0 34 0 35.0 35 0 26 0 28 0 45.0 52.0 44.0 Feet. 1.35 1 .44 1.43 1.45 1.34 1 25 1.24 1.50 1.32 1.25 1.30 1 43 1 38 1.40 1.42 Sec.-fl. 46 0 52.0 51 0 52.0 45.0 38.0 38 0 56.0 43.0 38 0 42 0 51 0 48 0 49.0 50.0 Monthly Discharge of Battle Creek at Nash's Ranche, Sask., for 1911. Drainage area. 500 square miles. Discharge in Second-Feet. Run-Off. Month. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per Square Mile. Depth in Inches on Drainage Area. Total in Acre-Feet. April 180 89 42 38 24 566 52 56 61.0 26.0 12 0.7 1.2 12 26.0 38.0 104.1 45.6 10 6 9.3 9.5 117 8 37.7 46.0 0.208 0 091 0.021 0.019 0.019 0 236 0 075 0.093 0.232 0 105 0.023 0 022 0.022 0 263 0 086 0.052 6 194 May 2 804 June 631 July 572 August 584 September 7 009 October 2 318 November 1-15. 1 386 The period 0 805 21 498 Note — To the above must be added the water diverted by Stirling & Nash's ditch. McKinnon's ditch and Richardson's ditch. 182 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 Miscellaneous Discharge Measurements in Battle Creek, drainage basin, in 1911. April IS M. H. French May U June 5 " July 11 Aug 10 J. Kay Aug. 16 M. H. French June 20 J. Kay June 26 R. J. Burlev . , July 1 AI. H. French June 10 Aug. 10 Aug. 15 June 9 July 6 I •• . June 16 1 Aug. 15 ' Aug. 17 June 17 " June 17 " Battle Creek Foumiile Coulee Graybum Creek Mink Creek Marshall Gaffs Ditch Ninemile Coulee Sixmile Coulee Spring Creek S.E. 1-6-28-3.'.:! !'!! Sec. 13-8-1-4 28 0 31 0 •• ll-S-29-3 " 13-8-1-4... .... . 4 23 4 40 4.50 " 31-7-29-3...'...'. •• 26-3-29-3 7.80 X •• 34-5-29-3 " 36-7-30-3 . 6 00 •• I2-S-29-3! '.'.'.'.'.'. 5.23 " 21-7-29-3 •• 31-7-29-3 X l..i0 3.51 2 87 2 91 4.04 1 030 0.817 1 360 3 600 3.400 2.520 0.559 3.44 0.540 4.77 7.13 2.34 2.29 1.63 1 270 0 808 0.777 0 663 0.687 2 040 12 840 9 760 7.3.30 2.260 1.860 0 213 6.070 5.760 1.820 1 4.'i0 1 100 0 227 0 295 X Weir measurement. FRENCHMAN RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN". General Description. Frenchman River drains the greater portion of southwestern Saskatchewan. It rises in Cypress Lake in Tp. 6, Rge. 26, W. 3rd Mer., and follows a southeasterly course for some 150 miles, crossing into the United States in Tp. 1, Rge. 10, west of the 3rd Meridian. It eventually finds its way into Milk River near Salt, Montana, and therefore forms a part of the general drainage basin of the Missouri. C\press Lake is on the southern slope of the Cypress Hills at an elevation of about 3240 feet above sea le\el. It occupies what is probably a portion of an abandoned watercourse, or channel, of an ancient river, which joined Battle Creek to the Frenchman River. The water of the lake is fresh, and is supplied by a number of coulees and small streams which head in the hills to the north. The largest of these are Oxarart and Sucker Creeks, both of which have a small continuous flow. During dr>' years Cypress Lake does not overflow and the whole discharge of the Frenchman River is derived from Belanger, Davis and Fairwell Creeks and the north branch. From Tp. 6, Rge. 23, W. 3rd Mer., where the north branch joins the main stream, there is no appreciable supply to the river while in Canada. Mule Creek, which joins the river in Tp. 5, Rge. 17, W. 3rd Mer., and Snake Creek in Tp. 3, Rge. 13, W. 3rd Mer., however, have a small flow. The country' surrounding Cypress Lake is of rolling prairie much broken by coulees. In many of these there is considerable tree growth but for the most part the countrj- is devoid of all vegetation other than grasses. All the streams in the upper section of the drainage basin, with the exception of the north branch, rise on the plateau at the top of the hills. Flowing southward they break through deep, well-wooded gorges before reaching the lower flats along the river. The north branch, however, is in a deep valley throughout its entire length, its feeders, like the western tributaries of the main stream, cutting through from the bench to the valley, in deep, well-wooded coulees. Below the mouth of the north branch there is little tree growth. Here and there along the river may be found small growths of shrubs and maple, while up on the hill- sides in some of the coulees there are small clumps of poplar covering an acre or so. Most of these coulees are rapidly becoming cleared by the settlers who are taking up the benches above the river valley. The benchlands are well covered with grasses, but the hills and sides of the valley are almost devoid of all vegetation. In the flats along the river, except where irrigated, the chief vegetation consists of sage brush and cactus. When the Frenchman River leaves the lake it flows through a wide flat valley as far as the mouth of Fairwell Creek. Most of this land is under proposed or constructed irrigation ditches, covering an area of about 500 acres. Below this point the valley becomes more broken and narrows considerably, while the hillsides become higher. Small portions of this bottom will no doubt be brought under irrigation, but as yet little has been done in that direction. Below the junction of the north branch the valley becomes rough and rugged, the sides being cut with buttes and deep coulees. Here numerous outcroppings of lignite may be seen FREXCHMAy RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN 183 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d and also a wide band of light-colored clay and sand. This band, which has been bleached almost a pure white, may be seen at many points along the river's entire course and is one of the most conspicuous objects in this region. From its color and nature the river receives its local name of the "Whitemud." At East End, some miles lower down, the valley again breaks out into wide flats. Here is located the largest irrigation project in the Cypress Hills district. Messrs. Enright and Strong have constructed a large dam across the river and a system of ditches and storage resers'oirs enabling them to irrigate about 2870 acres. Directly above this project there are two smaller schemes covering 690 acres. Just below, Messrs. Morrison Bros, have a dam and ditch which will irrigate 1200 acres. Their ditch is carried across the river and continued by Messrs. Duncan and W arson, who irrigate some 865 acres more. This East End flat is of a sandy nature and when under irrigation it has been found that considerable portions of the water used finds its way back to the stream in a short distance. A scries of measurements made August 31, 1911, after the flat had been well soaked by rains and irrigation, shows this to be true. Measurements made at Morrison's dam showed that about fifty per cent of the water flowijig in Enright and Strong's ditch had again reached the river at this point. At Duncan's house it was found that eighty per cent of the discharge of Morrison's ditch had returned to the river. From Duncan's house to the mouth of Mule Creek there was a loss of about 45 per cent, due, no doubt, to seepage and evaporation. Below the East End flat none of the flats, which occur at various points along the river, are irrigated as yet. A short distance below the mouth of Snake Creek the river enters bad lands which continue into the United States. The mean annual rainfall of this basin is not well established, but it is estimated that it would range from 12 to 16 inches, most of which falls in May, June and July. From Xovember to April streams are frozen over and usually there is an abundant snow-fall. In order to get better records of the discharge of Frenchman River, two cable stations were erected on the upper part of the river, late in the fall of 1911. On account of the winter setting in, they were not quite completed and as no discharge measurements were made, the descriptions are not given in this report. They will be used during the season of 1912. The upper station is located at Gordon's ranche in Tp. 6, Rge. 21, \V. 3rd Mer., which is above the mouth of the north branch. The lower station is located at Phillip's ranche in Tp. 6, Rge. 23, W. 3rd Mer., and is below the junction of the north branch but above the irrigation ditches in the vicinity of East End. OxARART Creek at W\xie's Ranxhe. This station was established June 15, 1909, by H. R. Carscallen. It is located on X.W. J4 Sec. 20, Tp. 6, Rge. 27, W. 3rd Mer., near the mouth of the creek and about thirty-five miles south of Maple Creek. It is above the intake of Joseph Wylie's irrigation ditch. The channel is straight for ten feet upstream and then divides into four small courses. It is straight for about twenty feet downstream, then strikes an earth dam used in diverting water into Mr. Wylie's irrigation ditch. The stream has a considerable fall, and is subject to sudden and extreme floods, necessitating the replacing of the dam below the station after ever>' flood. This brings the records of gauge-height observations under new sets of conditions, and a different rating curve must be constructed for each change of conditions. The creek has several channels during high stages, and the station, although unsatisfactory', is the only section to be found, within reach of an obser\-er, where the total flow is contained in one channel during the low water period. The bed of the stream is composed of sand and coarse gravel. The current is sluggish at the station during low water. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is attached to a vertical post sunk in the bed of the stream at the left bank and securely stayed to the bank. The gauge is referred to bench marks as follows: — (1) a spike-head in the top of the final-point stake on the right bank (elevation 5.75 feet above the zero of the gauge); (2) the top of three nails driven horizontally into a large willow tree, blazed and marked "B.M.," and about twenty feet from the gauge (elevation 4.41 feet above the zero of the gauge). Discharge measurements are made a short distance above the station by wading. The initial point for soundings is a square stake driven close to the ground on the left bank and marked "I. P." During 1911, the gauge was read by Frank Wylie. 184 STREAM ME.\SUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v.. A. 1912 Discharge Measurements of Oxarart Creek at Wylie's Ranche, Sask., in 1911. Date. j Hydrogiapher Width. Area of Mean Section. Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. April 10 1 Feet. M.H.French 37.0 do 25 0 Sq.-ft. Ft. per sec. 44 06 0.347 16 S8 0 146 14 48 0.142 1196 0.113 Feet. 1.78 1.06 1.12 1.00 0.89 0 85 0.85 0.85 See.-fl. May 9 2 460 lulv 12 1 354* Aug. 26 do 8 88 8.65 8.92 0 084 0 086 0.087 0 738* Sept. 21 do Oct. 25 do 24 .0 0 781* i * Discharge measured with a weir. Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Oxarart Creek at Wylie's Ranche, Sask., for 1911. April May. June. July. Day. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height . Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Dis- Heigbt. charge. 1 .. . Feet. 1.80 1 80 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80 1,90 1.90 1.90 1.90 1.80 1 80 1.90 1.90 1.90 1.80 1.84 1.50 1.69 1.75 1.70 1.66 1.21 1.18 1.15 1.12 1.08 1.05 1.03 1.00 Sec.-ft. 15.8 15.8 15.8 15 8 15,8 15.8 18.9 18.9 18.9 18.9 15.8 15.8 18.9 18.9 18.9 15.8 17.0 8.2 12.7 14.4 13.0 12.0 3.4 3.1 2.8 2.5 2.1 1.9 1.7 1.5 Feet. 1.20 I 4') Sec-fl. 3.3 7 2 Feet. 1.12 1 12 1.12 1.11 1.11 1.12 1.12 1.10 1 10 1.08 1 08 1 07 1.07 1.07 1.07 1.07 1.08 1 08 1,07 1.08 1,09 1.09 1.09 1.10 1.08 1.08 1.07 1.07 1 07 1.06 Sec-ft. 2.5 2 5 2.5 2,4 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.1 2 1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2,1 2.1 2 2 2 2 2.2 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.1 2 1 2.1 2 0 Feet. 1.06 1.07 1.07 1.07 1.06 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.04 1.03 1.02 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.99 0.99 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.96 0 96 0,94 0.93 0.92 0.92 0.92 0 90 0 90 0.90 0 89 Sec.-ft. 2 0 2 2 1 3 . . 1 87 18 0 2 1 4 1 90 1.74 1.48 1.20 1 15 1 15 1.10 1.08 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.10 1.10 1.05 1 10 1.12 1.12 1.10 1.10 1.11 1.11 1.11 1.10 1.10 1.10 18.9 14.1 7.8 3,3 2.8 2.8 2.3 2 1 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.3 2.3 1.9 2 3 2.5 2.5 2 3 2.3 2.4 2 4 2 4 2,3 2.3 2.3 2 1 5 , 2 0 6 1 9 7 1 9 8 1 9 9... 1 8 10 11 12 13 14 15 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.5 1 5 16 . 1 4 17 1 4 18., . 1 4 19 1 4 20 1 4 21 1 3 22 1 3 23 1 2 24 1 2 25 1 1 26 1 1 27 1 1 28 1 0 29 1 0 30 1 0 31 1 0 . FRENCHMAN RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN 185 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 2od Daily Gauge Height akd Discharge of Oxarart Creek at Wylie's Ranche, Sask., for 1911 — Con. August. September. October. November. Day. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11... Feel. 0 89 0 89 0 89 0.89 0.S9 0 89 0.89 0.89 0 89 0.89 0 89 0 89 0.85 0 So 0.85 0 So O.So 0.85 0 85 0.85 0 85 0 85 0 85 0 85 0.85 0.85 0 85 0.85 0 85 0.85 0.85 Secft. 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 OS 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 Feel. 0 85 0.85 0.85 1.38 1.38* 1.38» 1.36 1.30 1.10 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 0 85 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 0 85 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 Sec.-fl. 0.8 0.8 0.8 5 9 5.9 5.9 5 6 4.6 2.3 0.8 0.8 0 8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 Feet. 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 0 85 0.85 0 85 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 Sec.-fl. o:8 0.8' 0 8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0 8 0.8 0 8 0.8 0 8 0.8 0.8 0.8 Feel. 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 0 85 0 85 0.85 0.85 0 85 0.85 0.85 0.85 .-Sec.-fl. 0.8 0 8 0.8 0 8 0.8 0.8 0 8 0 8 0.8 0.8 0 8 12... 0 8 13... 0 8 14... 0.8 15... . . . . 0.8 16. 17... . 18... 19 20.. 21... oo 23. . ' 24 25 27 28 29. 30 31 • Gauge-height only approximate. Note. — Discharge during October and November fron Springs just above the Station. Monthly Discharge of Oxarart Creek at Wylie's Ranche, Sask., for 1911. (Drainage area. 73 square miles.) DiscH.\RGE IN Second-Feet Run-Off. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. Depth in inches on Total in Drainage acre-feet. Area. April 18.9 18.9 2.5 2.1 1.0 5.9 0.8 0.8 ! 15 1.9 2.0 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 12.4 4.1 2 2 15 0 9 16 0 8 0 8 0 170 0 056 0 030 0 021 0.013 0 022 0 Oil 0.011 1 0.190 0 065 0 034 0 024 0 015 0 024 0 013 0.006 j 0.371 738 May 2.52 June 131 Julv 92 September 95 49 November (1-15) 24 1436 1 Note — Run-off for October and November caused by springs just above the gauging station. SucicER Creek at VVhiteco.mb .\sd Zeigler's Ranxhe. This station was established May 26, 1909, by H. R. Carscallen. It is located on the X.W. a Sec. 24, Tp. 6, Rge. 26, \V. .3rd Mer., about five miles south of Belanger post office and about thirty-two miles south of Maple Creek. 186 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 The channel is straight for 25 feet above and 45 feet below the station. The right bank is com[5aratively low, sparsely covered with brush, and will ovcrrtow at high stages. The left bank is high, free from brush at the station, and not liable to overflow. The bed of the stream is composed of sand and coarse gravel. The current is sluggish at the station, but swift imme- diately below. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is attached to a vertical post sunk in the bed of the stream at the left bank and securely stayed to the bank It is referred to bench marks as follows: — (1) a circle of nail-heads in a log near the ground at the northeast corner of a stable (elevation, 12.27 feet above the zero of the gauge); (2) a spike-head in the top of the initial-point stake on the left bank, marked "B.M." (elevation 5.30 feet above the zero of the gauge). Discharge measurements are made at or near the gauge by wading and at very low stages a weir is used. High-water measurements cannot be made, as the right bank overflows. The initial point for soundings is a square stake driven close to the ground on the left bank and marked "I. P." During 1911, the gauge was read by Mrs. P. A. Zeigler. Discharge Measurements of Sucker Creek at Whitcomb and Zeigler's Ranche, Sask., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. .\rea of Section. Mean Wlocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. April 20 May 18 June 14 July 13 Aug. 16 Sept. 20 G. H. Whyte do do do do do Feel. 13 9 11.0 10.6 8 41 6.61 9.1 Sq.-ft. Fl. per sec. 15.69 8.10 10 60 3 GO 2 05 2.66 1.783 0.658 0 276 0 494 0.707 1 Oil Feel. 1.42 0.81 0.60 0 .iS 0 56 0.055 See.-}!. 27.99 5.33 2.02 1.78 1.43 2 69 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Sucker Creek at Whitcomb and Zeigler's Ranche, Sask., for 1911. March. April. May. June. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height Dis- charge. Gauge Dis- Height. charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feet. Sec-ft. Feet. 1.20 0.90 0 70 0 70 0 70 0 75 0.79 0 82 2.60 3.12 2.80 1.50 1 30 1 20 1 13 1.10 2 02 2 31 1.75 1.45 1.55 1.43 1.28 1 02 1.00 0.95 0.85 0.90 0.85 0.87 Sec-ft. 17 0 7.4 3.3 3.3 3.3 4.2 4.9 5 5 87.0 113.0 97.0 32.0 22 2 17.6 14.7 13.5 58.0 72.0 44.5 29.5 34.5 28.5 21.3 10.7 10.1 8.7 6.2 7.4 6.2 6.7 Feet. 0 90 1 00 1.10 1.18 1.15 1 05 0 83 0.75 0.79 0.77 0.75 0.72 0.71 0.70 0.71 0.90 0 95 0 76 0 75 0.71 0 70 0.71 0.72 0.71 0.75 0.73 0 72 0.7 0.69 0.67 0.05 Sec-ft. 7 4 10.1 13.5 16.7 15.5 11.7 5.8 4.2 4.9 4.6 4.2 3.7 3.5 3.3 3.3 7.4 8.7 4.4 4.2 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.7 3.3 4.2 3.8 3.7 3.3 3.1 2 9 2.6 Feel. 0.61 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.65 0.63 0.70 0.69 0.65 0.63 0.60 0.56 0.58 0.55 0.53 0.45 0.40 0.50 0.30 0.33 0.63 0.63 0.38 0.36 0.70 Sec-ft. 2 1 2... 2 0 3 2 0 4 2.0 3 2 6 6.. , 2.4 7... 3.3 8.. , 3 1 9 2 6 10 2.4 11 ; 2 0 12... 1 3 13 1.8 14 1.4 13. 1.2 16 .■ 0.6 17 0.3 18 0.9 19 ... 0.9 20 1.2 21.-. 2 6 22 2.4 23 24 IS 1.5 25 3 3 26 3.3 2.6 2.0 1.1 1.3 1.1 ice 13.5 22.2 13.5 1.68 41.0 27 .... 1.00 10.1 28 O.SO 5.1 29 0.70 3.3 30 0.72 3.7 31 FRENCHMAN RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d 187 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Sucker Creek at Whitcomb and Zeigler's Ranche, Sask., (or 1911. — Continued. July. August. 1 September. October. November. Day. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge Gauge Height Dis- charge. Gauge Height Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feet. 0.82 1.00 0.75 0.70 0.65 0.55 0.54 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.50 0.53 0 50 0.50 0.53 0.53 0.51 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.45 0.45 fO.45 0.45 0.45 0.50 0.50 Sec.-ft. 5.5 10 1 4.2 3.3 2 6 1.4 1.3 2.0 2 0 2.0 1.4 1.4 14 0 9 1.2 0.9 0.9 1.2 1.2 1.0 0 9 0 9 0 9 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.6 0 6 0 6 0.9 0.9 Feet. 0.51 0.53 0.54 0.55 0.55 0.70 0.70 0.60 0.68 0.57 0.56 0.56 0.55 0.52 0.55 0.53 0.51 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0 50 0 50 0.55 0.00 0.56 0.51 0.50 0.50 0 50 Sec.-ft. 1.0 1.2 13 1.4 1.4 3 3 3 3 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.5 15 14 1.1 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.9 0 9 0 9 0 9 0 9 0.9 0 0 1.4 2.0 15 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 Feet. 0.50 0.50 0 50 0.70 0.95 1 00 1.15 0.9S O.SO 0.70 0.66 0.63 0.71 0.69 0.64 0.61 0.65 0.67 0.65 0.62 0 62 0 65 0.70 0 75 0.72 0.70 0 70 0.70 0.70 0.70 Sec.-ft. 0.9 0.9 0.9 3 3 8.7 10.1 15.5 9.5 5,1 3.3 2.7 2.4 3.5 3 2 2.5 2.1 2.6 2.9 2.6 2.2 2.2 2.6 3.3 4 2 3.7 3.3 3.3 3,3 3.3 3.3 Feet. 0.68 0.71 0.70 0 69 0.69 0 6S 0.68 0.67 0.67 0.67 0.67 0.67 0.66 0.66 0.66 0.66 0.66 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0 68 0.68 0.70 0.71 0.71 0.70 0.68 0.68 0.68 0 68 Sec.-ft. 3.0- 3.5 3.3 3 2 3.2 3 0 3 0 2,9 2 9 2,9 2 9 2,9 2 7 2 7 2.7 2 7 2.7 3 0 3 0 3.0 3 0 3 0 3 0 3 3 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.0 3 0 3.0 3.0 Feet. 0.68 Sec.-ft. 2 3 4 5 ' 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 ; 16 17 IS 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 30 31 1 1 Monthly Discharge of Sucker Creek at WTiitcomb and Zeigler's Ranche, Sask., for 1911. (Drainage area. 30 square miles.) Month. Discharge in Second-Feet. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. March (26-31). April May June July August September October November 1 . . . The period. 113 0 16 7 41 0 10.1 3.3 15.5 3.5 3.0 13.5 3 3 2 6 0 3 0.6 0.9 0.9 2.7 3.0 3.9 3.0 3.0 0.547 0.880 0.193 0.123 0.047 0.047 0.130 0.100 0.100 Rijn-Off. Depth in inches on Drainage Area, 0.061 0 982 0 222 0.137 0.054 0.D54 0 145 0.115 0.004 1.774 Total in acre-feet. 98 1571 357 220 86 86 232 .184 61 2893 LoNEPiNE Creek at Hewitt's Ranche. This station was established July 17, 1909, by H. R. Carscallen. It is located on Sec. 27, Tp. 7, Rge. 26, W. 3rd Mer., about two miles west of the surveyed trail from Belanger post office to Maple Creek and about four miles west of Belanger. The channel is straight for about 35 feet above and 45 feet below the station. The right bank is high and not liable to overflow, the left bank is comparatively low and will overflow at high stages of the stream. The surface of the ground on the left bank is very rough and broken. Xo. 2od— 7 188 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1>U The bed of the stream is composed of sand and coarse gravel. The current is smooth and swift. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is attached to a vertical post sunk in the bed of the stream at the right bank and securely stayed to the bank. It is referred to bench marks as follows:— (1) a spike-head in the top of the final stake driven close to the ground on the right bank, marked "B.M." in red paint (elevation, 5.63 feet above the zero of the gauge); (2) the head of a spike in the top of a pointed willow stump, blazed and marked "B.M.," on the left bank, 97 feet north of the gauge (elevation, 4. .59 feet above the zero of the gauge); (3) the head of a spike in the top of a post driven close to the ground at the east side of a wire corral on the right bank (elevation 10.10 feet above the zero of the gauge). Discharge measurements are made near the gauge by wading and at very low stages a weir is used. The initial point for soundings is a square stake driven close to the ground on the left bank and marked "I. P." This station is below ditches constructed by A. P. McDonald and S. \V. Hewitt, and in the case of water being used in these ditches the records at the gauge would not give the complete discharge of the creek. During 1911, the gauge was read by S. W. Hewitt. Discharge Measurements of Lonepine Creek at Hewitt's Ranche, Sask., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. April 20 G. H. Whyte.. May 18 do June 15 do July 13 I do Aug. 15 do Sept. 20 1 do Feet. 3.2 3.6 3.5 Sq.-ft. I Ft. per sec. 3.05 I 1.409 2.68 I 0.798 1.04 0.317 Feet. 1.395 1.150 0.620 0.830 0.820 0.950 Sec.-ft. 4.30 2.14 0.33 0.76* 0 84» I.IS* * Weir measurement. Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Lonepine Creek at Hewitt's Ranche,, Sask., for 1911. April. May. June. Day. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feet. Sec.-fl. Feel. 1.45 1.40 1.40 1.45 1.45 1.35 1.21 1.23 1.23 1.30 1.27 1.21 1.13 1.14 1.20 1.75 1.40 1.15 1.45 1.24 1.15 1.60 1.31 1.24 1.34 1.30 1.15 1.25 1.10 1.05 1.00 Sec.-fl. 4.7 4.3 4.3 4.7 4.7 3.9 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.5 3.3 2.8 2.2 2.3 2.7 7.1 4.3 2.4 4.7 3.0 2,4 5.9 3.6 3.0 3.8 3.5 2.4 3.1 2.0 1.8 1.5 Feel. 0.9S 0.95 0.90 1.10 1.60 1.25 1.25 1.18 1.13 0.89 0.70 0.68 0.63 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.54 0.56 0.56 0.62 0.61 1.05 1.05 1.06 1.86 1.51 1.00 1.00 0.87 0.86 Sec.-fl. 1 4 2 1 2 3 1 0 4 2 0 5 5 9 6 3 1 7 3 1 8 2 6 9 2 2 10 1 0 11 0.5 12 0 5 13 .• 0 4 14 i.ii 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.45 1.33 1.30 1.35 1.35 1.44 1.44 1.35 2.40 2 20 2.00 1.80 2.1 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 4.7 3.7 3.5 3.9 3.9 4.6 4.6 3.9 12.9 11.1 9.3 7.5 0 3 15 , 0 3 • 16 0 3 17 0 2 18 0 3 19 0 3 20 0.3 21 0 3 22 1 8 23 1 8 24 1 8 25 8 0 26 5.2 27 1 5 28 1 5 29 0 9 30 0.9 31 FRENCHMAN RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d 189 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Lonepine Creek at Hewitt's Ranche, Sask., for 1911. — Continued. July. August. September. October. Day. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Dis- Height. charge. Gauge Dis- Height.! charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1. . Feel. 0.86 1.57 1.00 0.90 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.87 0.90 0.88 0.88 0.84 0.84 0.82 0.81 0.80 0.75 0.85 0.86 0.84 0.79 0.80 0.95 0.85 0.78 0.76 0.84 0.77 0.75 0.74 0.75 Sec.-ft. 0.9 5.7 15 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 1.2 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 Feet. 0 75 0.75 0.75 0.76 Sec.-ft. 0.6 0.6 0.6 0 6 Feet. 0.69 0.69 0.70 1.05 1.70 1.78 1.30 1.05 0 90 0.87 0.86 0.85 Sec.-ft. 0,5 0.5 0.5 1.8 6.7 7.3 3.5 1.8 1.0 0.9 0.9 OS Feet. 0.94 0.95 1.44 1.04 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.94 0.93 0.93 0.93 p. 93 0.93 0.93 0.90 0.90 0.98 1.14 1.16 1.16 1.16 1.16 1.16 1.16 1.24 1.24 1.29 1.29 1.29 1.29 1.29 Sec.-ft. 1.2 2 1.2 3 4.6 4 1 7 5 0.78 0.7 1.4 6 ■ 1 74 1.34 1.34 0 88 0.87 0.85 0.81 0.79 0.79 0.81 0.76 0.75 0.75 0.73 0.70 0.86 0.76 0.74 0.70 0.72 0.95 0.74 0 72 0.70 0.70 0,70 7.0 3.8 3.8 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 1.2 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.4 7 1.4 8 i 1.2 9 1.2 10 1.2 11 1.2 12 1.2 13 0.90 1.0 0 86 0 9 0.86 0.9 0.85 08 1.00 15 1.04 1.7 1.04 1.7 1.00 1.5 1.04 1.7 1.04 17 1 2 14 '. 1.2 15 ; 1.0 16 1.0 17 1.4 18 2.3 19 2 4 20 2.4 21 2 4 22 2.4 23 0.98 0.98 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.95 0.94 0.94 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 2 4 24 2.4 3 0 3.0 27 t 28 29 30 31 t Stream frozen. Monthly Discharge of Lonepine Creek at Hewitt's Ranche, Sask., for 1911. (Drainage area. 8 square miles.) Month. Discharge in Secoxd-Feet. Ritn-Off. Maximum. [Minimum. Depth in Mean. Per square l inches on 1 Total in Mile. Drainage acre-feet. 1 Area. April (14-30) . . May June July August September October (1-26). The period 12.9 7.1 8.0 5.7 7.0 7.3 4.6 2.1 1.5 0.3 0.6 0 5 0.5 1.0 5.020 3.440 1.690 0.917 1.060 1.660 1.820 0.628 0.430 0.211 0.122 0.1.32 0.208 0.22S 0.400 0.496 0.235 0.141 0.152 0.232 0.220 1.876 169 211 101 60 65 99 94 799 Belanger Creek at Garissere's Ranche. This station \vas established June 12, 1909, by H. R. Carscallen. It is located on S.W. 14 Sec. 18, Tp. 7, Rge. 25, W. 3rd Mer., one hundred and fifty yards west of Garissere's ranche (Belanger post office), and about twenty-seven miles south of Maple Creek. 190 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 The channel is straiRht for 100 feet above and 125 feet below the station. Both banks are comparatively high, but will overflow at time of extreme flood. The ground on the left bank is very rough and broken. Both banks are covered with low underbrush at the station and with large willow brush above and below. The bed of the stream is composed of sand and coarse gravel. The current is moderate at low stages. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is attached to a vertical post sunk in the bed of the creek at the left bank and securely stayed to the bank. It is referred to a bench-mark consisting of the head of a spike surrounded by a circle of nail-heads in the top of the initial-point stake on the left bank, marked "B.M." in red paint (elevation, 7.27 feet above the zero of the gauge). Discharge measurements are made at the station by wading. No measurements can be made at extreme flood stage, as the banks overflow and make wading impossible. The initial point for soundings is a square stake driven close to the ground on the left bank and marked "I. P." During 1911, the gauge was read by G. C. Garissere. Discharge Measurements of Belanger Creek at Garissere's Ranche, Sask., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge. Height. Discharge. April 20 ... . G. H. Whyte Feet. 18.3 18.4 17.5 17.8 17.0 17.0 Sq.-ft. 16.76 11.75 13.40 12.72 12 34 11.10 Ft. per sec. 1.160 0.517 0.456 0.390 0.283 0.309 Feet. 1.755 1.540 1.500 1.500 1.420 1.405 Sec.-ft. 19.42 May 18 6.08 June 15 do 6.11 July 13 do 4 97 Aug. 16 do 3.49 Sept. 20 do 3.43 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Belanger Creek at Garissere's Ranche, Sask., for 1911. March. April. May. June. Day. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height Dis- charge. 1 Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. 1,40 1.40 1.50 1.50 1 60 I 60 1.00 1 70 2.00 2.10 2.00 1.90 1,70 1,70 1.70 1.70 Sec.-ft. 3.2 3.2 6.1 6.1 10 4 10,4 10 4 16.0 36 5 43.5 36.5 29.5 16 0 16 0 16 0 16.0 t Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. See-. ft. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ' '. . 11 12 13 14 . . 15 2.55 2 30 2.00 2 00 2 10 2.10 1.90 1.90 1.80 1 80 1.00 1.60 1.50 1.50 1 .50 1.40 1 40 75.0 57.5 36.5 36.5 43.5 43.5 29.5 29.5 22.6 22.6 10.4 10.4 0 1 6 1 6.1 3.2 3.2 16 17 18 19 ..............V... . . . 20 21 22 23 24 25 26. 27 28 29 30 31 FRE.\CH.\fAy RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d 191 Dau-y Gauge Height and Discharge of Belanger Creek at Garissere's Ranche, Sask., for 1911.- Continued. July. .\ugust. September. October. November. Day. Gauge Height Dis- charge . Gauge Height Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height Dis- charge . Gauge Height Dis- charge. 1 Feel. Sec.-fl. Feel. Sec.-ft. Feel. 1.28 1.28 1.40 1.40 1.43 1.43 1.43 1.30 1.30 1.31 1 31 I 32 I 33 1 33 1.33 1.33 1 34 1.34 1 33 1.35 1.39 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.42 1.41 1.39 1.39 1.39 Sec.-fl. 1.1 1.1 3 2 3.2 4.0 4.0 4.0 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.8 2.1 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.8 3.5 3.0 3.0 3.0 Feel. 1.42 1.43 1.43 1 43 1.43 1.43 1.'30 1.29 1.29 1.29 1.29 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.42 1.44 1.44 1.42 1.42 1.42 1.44 1.44 1.44 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.29 1.29 1.29 1.28 Sec.-ft. 3.8 4.0 4.0 4 0 4.0 4.0 . 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 3.2 3 2 3.2 3 8 4.3 4.3 3.8 3.8 3.8 4.3 4.3 4.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 12 1.2 12 1.1 Feel. 1.28 1.28 1.28 1.29 1.29 1.29 1.28 1.28 1.27 1.27 1.28 1.29 1.27 1.28 1.28 1.28 1.28 1.29 1.27 Sec.-fl. 1.1 2 1.1 3 1.1 4. . . 1.2 1.2 6 1.2 7 1.1 8 1.1 9 0.9 10 0.9 11 1.1 12 t 1.43 1.43 1.42 -1.42 1.42 1.43 1.4.-i 1,41 1.41 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.39 1.39 1.29 1.29 1.29 1.28 1.2S "s.s" 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.8 4 0 4.0 3.5 3 5 3.2 3.2 3 2 3.0 3.0 12 1.2 1.2 I.I 1 1 1.2 13 0.9 14 1 1 15 1.1 16 . 1 1 17 1.1 18 1.2 19 -. 0.9 20 21 22 23 24 ' 25 26 27 28 29 30 :...... 31 t No obser\'ations of Gauge height between 16 April and August 13. No observer. Monthly Discharge of Belanger Creek at Garissere's Ranche, Sask., for 1911. (Drainage area, 43. square miles.) Discharge in Second-Feet. Run-Off. Month. Maximum . Minimum. Mean. Per square Mile. Depth in inches on Drainage Area. Total in acre-feet. March (15-31) 75.0 43.0 4.0 4.0 4.3 1.2 3.2 3.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.9 26.0 17 2 2.9 2.5 2.8 II 0.605 0.400 0.067 0.058 0.065 0.026 0.382 0 238 0.047 0.065 0.075 0.018 877 April (1-16) 546 August (13-31) 109 September 149 October 172 41 The period . . .825 1394 Note. — No records for period from .April 17th to Aug. 12th. Davis Creek at Drury's Ranche. This station was established May 24, 1909, by H. R. Carscallen. It is located on N.E. }i Sec. 29, Tp. 6, Rge. 25, W. 3rd Men, about five miles southeast of Belanger post office, and about half a mile from the mouth of the creek. The channel is straight for 1-50 feet above and 200 feet below the station. The right bank is comparatively high and will not overflow except in cases of extreme flood; the left bank is low 192 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE V^ A. 1912 and will overflow at high-water stages of the stream. Both banks are covered with brush. The bed of the stream is composed of sand and coarse gravel, and there may be a slight sub-surface How at this point. The current is swift. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is attached vertically to a post in the bed of the stream at the right bank and securely stayed to the bank. It is re- ferred to bench marks as follows: — (1) the head of a spike in the top of a pointed willow stump about fifteen feet below the gauge on the right bank, the stump blazed and marked "B.M. ' with red paint (elevation 5.05 feet above gauge zero); (2) the head of a spike surrounded by a circle of nail-heads in the top of a log projecting from the southeast corner of Mr. Drury's house (elevation, 9.05 feet above gauge zero). Discharge measurements are made at or near the gauge by wading. Owing to the left bank being low, high-water measurements cannot be made. Considerable annoyance is exper- ienced by the construction of dams below the gauge by beavers. There are one or two proposed irrigation schemes on the head-waters of this stream, but as yet there has been no diversion of water. During 1911, the gauge was read by T. A. Drur\-. Discharge Measurements of Davis Creek at Drury's Ranche, Sask., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. , Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. April 20 G. H. VVhyte Feet. 19.5 ■ 12.0 8.8 8.6 9.0 11.0 Sq.-ft. 21.42 7.97 3.48 3.48 2.61 5.62 Ft. per sec. 2.668 1.590 0.557 0.583 0.417 1.617 Feet. 1.47 0 90 0.58 0.61 0.54 0.78 Sec.-U. 57 16 May 18 do ... 12.74 do 1 94 July 13 do ... 2 03 do 1 07 Sept 20 do 9.09 Daily Gauge Height and Disch.\rge of Davis Creek at Drur>''s Ranche, Sask., for 1911. April. May. June. D.\Y. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feel. Sec.-/l. Feet. 1.02 1.05 1.09 1.10 1.08 1.01 0.85 0.83 0.80 0.79 0.80 0.81 0.79 0.79 0.81 1.00 1.00 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.83 0.75 0.83 0.88 0.87 0.87 0.90 0.87 0.85 0.84 0.82 Sec.-ft. 20.0 22.0 25 0 25.0 24.0 19.0 10,0 9.4 8.1 7.7 8.1 8.5 7.7 7.7 8.5 ■ 19 0 19.0 13.0 13 0 13.0 9.4 6.2 9.4 12 0 11.0 11 0 13.0 11.0 10.0 9.8 9.0 Feet. 0.8 0.74 0.70 0.68 0.70 0.80 0.82 0.77 0.76 0.76 0.67 0.60 0.57 0.55 0.55 0.52 0.50 0.55 0.51 0.55 0.57 0.56 0.56 0.56 0.57 0.95 0.90 0.77 0.70 6.74 Sec.-ft. 8.1 r li . : . : . : :: 5.9 3 4.6 4 4.1 5 4.6 6 8.1 7 . 9.0 8 7.0 9 6.6 10 6.6 11 3.8 12 2.2 13 1.7 14 1.3 15 1.3 16 0.9 17 0.7 18 1.3 19 12 20 1.3 21 1.7 22 1.89 1.87 1.86 1.73 1.32 1.01 1.00 1.00 "■95" 93 92 81 44 19 19 19 1.5 23 1.5 24 1.5 25 1.7 26 16.0 27 13.0 28 7.0 29 4.6 30 . 5.9 31 FRENCHMAN RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN 193 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 2S<1 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Davis Creek at Drur)''s Ranche, Sask., for 1911. — Con. July. August. September October. Day. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height ' Dis- charge. Gauge Height Dis- charge. Gauge Height Dis- chatge. 1 Feet. 0.84 1.40 1.06 0.87 t Sec.-ft. 9.8 51.0 23.0 11.0 Feel. Sec-ft. 1 Feel. 0.40 0.41 0.41 0.42 0.42 0.45 0.65 0.64 0.60 0.56 0.50 0.47 0.48 0.60 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.84 0.90 0.78 0.70 0.76 0.75 0,75 0.84 0.84 0.80 0.75 0.75 0.74 Sec.-ft. 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.8 4.9 4.5 3.4 2.8 1.4 1.0 1.0 1.4 2.0 2.0 1.9 12.9 15.0 9.1 6.1 8.4 8.0 8.0 12.0 12.0 10.0 8.0 8.0 7.5 Feel. 0.73 0.72 0.72 0.72 0.72 0.71 0.70 0.70 0.69 0.67 0.65 0.63 0.62 0.61 0.61 0.60 See.-fl. 7.1 2... 6.8 3 -6.8 4 6.8 5 6.8 6 ... 6.4 7 6.1 8 6.1 9 5.8 10 '.'.'.'.'.'.'. 5.1 11 4.5 12 4.0 13 0.54 1.2 3.8 14 3.5 15 0.54 0.53 0.50 0.49 0.48 0.48 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.44 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.40 1.1 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 , 0.3 ' 3.5 16 3.2 17... . 18 19... 20 21... . 22 23 25 26 27 28 29 30 31... . t No gauge-height observations made until April 23. No observer. t No gauge-height observatiotis made between July 4 and August 15. Observer absent. Monthly Discharge of Davis Creek at Drury's Ranche, Sask., for 1911. (Drainage area, 45 square miles.) Month. Discharge in Second-Feet. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square I Mile. Rtra-OFF. Depth in inches on Drainage Area. Total in Acre-feet April (23-30) May June July (1-4 and 13). August (15-31) September October (1-16) The period. 95.0 25.0 16.0' 51.0 1.2 15.0 7.1 19.0 6.2 0.7 1.2 0.3 0.3 3.2 57.80 12.90 4.49 19.20 0.70 5.14 5.36 1.2S0 0.287 0.100 0.427 0.015 0.114 0.119 0.381 0.331 0.112 0.079 0.009 0.127 0.071 1.110 266S Note. — No records for periods from July 5th to 12th and July 14th to 31st. Blacktail Coulee at Garissere's Ranche. This station was established August 13, 1909, by H. R. Carscallen. It is located in N'.W. }4 Sec. 30, Tp. 6, Rge. 23, \V. 3rd Mer., forty miles southeast of Maple Creek and one-quarter mile upstream from J. Garissere's house. The channel is straight for 75 feet above and 200 feet below the station. Both banks are high and well wooded. The left bank has a gentle slope, but the right is quite steep. The bed 194 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 of the stream is composed of rocks and gravel, allowing a quantity of water to be lost by seepage. The current is swift. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is securely fastened to a poplar post, sunk in the bed of the stream at the left bank and stayed. It is referred to bench- marks as follows: — (1) two spikes driven into a poplar tree on the right bank, 30 feet upstream, and marked "B.M." (elevation, 7.7(5 feet above gauge zero); (2) a spike in a stump on the right bank, 15 feet upstream, and marked "B.M." (elevation, 7.61 feet above gauge zero). Discharge measurements are made during high water with a meter, and in low water a weir is used. The initial point of sounding is a stake driven into the left bank and marked "I. P." Water is diverted for irrigation purposes by J. Garisserc at a point about 150 yards below the station. During 1911, the gauge was read l>y J. Garissere. Discharge Measurements of Blacktail Coulee at Garissere's Ranche, Sask., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. I Width. 1 Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. April 19 G. H. Whyte Feet. 60 59-//. 1.81 1.57 Ft. per sec. 0 453 0 370 Feet. 1.28 1 10 0 92 0 86 Dry Sec.-ft. 0 820 May 17 do fi .■; 0 580» June 14 do i 0 138» July 12 do Nil Aug. 12 do Nil * Weir measurement. Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Blacktail Coulee at Garissere's Ranche, Sask., for 1911. June. July. August. D.w. Gauge Height Dis- charge Gauge Height Dis- charge Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 . . . ... Feet. Sec.-fl. Feet. 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.00 1 00 1 00 1.00 1.00 1 00 1.00 0.90 0.90 0 90 0.90 0.90 0.80 0,80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.60 0 60 0 20 0.20 0.10 0 10 Sec.-ft. 0 5 0 5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 5 0 3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 3 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Feet. Dry. ♦ *• Sec.'-fl. Nil. 2 3... 4 " 5 " 6 ,, 7 ■• 8 •• 9 ■ • 10 •' 11 12 13 t 0 5 0 5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 O.S OS 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.5 " 14 1.10 1.10 1.10 1 10 1 10 1.00 1.00 1 00 1 00 1.00 1.10 1.10 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.10 •• 15 ■• 16 ,, 17 '• 18 • ' 19 . ■• 20 '• 21 „ 22 ■ <■ 23 " 24 " 25 •■ 26 27 28 29 30 : 31 t Could not secure an observer before June 14th. * No observations after this date. Probably a small flow in early part of September but dry during the rest of the Fall. FRENCHMAN RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN SESSIONAL PAPRE No. 25d Monthly Discharge of Blacktail Coulee at Garissere's Ranche, Sask., for 1911. (Drainage area, 20 square miles.) 195 Month. Discharge m Second-Feet. Run-Off. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square Mile. Depth in inches on Drainage Area. Total in Acre-Feet. June (14-30) 0 7 0.3 0.4 0.0 0.520 0.181 0.026 0.009 0.016 0.010 18 July. . u 026 29 Fairwell Creek at Bewley's Ranche. This station was established June 10, 1909, by H. R. Carscallen. It is located about eleven miles southeast of Belanger Post Office, at Bewley's ranche, on N.W. M Sec. 30, Tp. 6, Rge. 24 W. 3rd Mer. The channel is straight for 75 feet upstream, but curv'es slightly to the right for 50 feet downstream. Both banks are comparatively low, and will overflow at high stages of the stream. The banks are covered with brush above and below the station. The bed of tlie stream is com- posed of sand and coarse gravel. The current is sluggish at the station, but is swift a short distance below. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is attached vertically to a post sunk in the bed of the stream at the left bank and securely stayed to the bank. It is referred to bench-marks as follows: — (1) the head of a spike driven into the pointed top of a willow stump about 50 feet southeast of the gauge, the stump blazed and marked "B.M." with red paint (elevation, 6.25 feet above the datum of the gauge); (2) the head of a spike surrounded by a circle of nail-heads in a notch cut in a large poplar tree 60 feet southeast of the gauge, the tree blazed and marked "B.M." with red paint (elevation, 5.08 feet above the datum of the gauge). Discharge measurements are made by wading a short distance below the gauge. Owing to the low banks high-water measurements cannot be made. The initial point for soundings is a square stake driven close to the ground at the left bank and marked "l.P." Within a mile upstream from the gauge, the stream is often perfectly dry, while at the gauge and a few miles below it, there is a continuous flow. This disappearance of the stream ffow, which occurs for a distance of three or four miles, is due to the loose gravelly character of the stream bed. Beaver dams below the station have given some trouble. There are a number of proposed irrigation schemes which will take their supply from this stream at points above the gauging station. During 1911, the gauge was read by R. L. Bewley. Discharge Measurements of Fairwell Creek at Bewley's Ranche, Sask., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. April 19 May 17 .; G. H. Whyte Feet. 63.5 28 5 52.0 59.-//. 91,95 18.73 22.18 Ft. per sec. 2 143 2 243 0.473 Feet. 3 055 2.300 1.980 1 960 1,87 1 750 1.920 Sec.-ft. 197 14 42.01 June 14 do 10 83 July 12 do 8 66 Aug. 12 do .....:■ 8.4 8.2 9.4 5 91 7 93 7.48 0 648 0 322 1.111 3 83 Sept. 25 do 2.55 Oct. 19 do 8.31 196 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEOBGE v., A. 1912 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Fairwell Creek at Bewley's Ranche, Sask., for 1911. March. April. May. June. D.*v. Gauge Dis- Height. charge. Gauge Dis- Height. charge. Gauge Dis- Height. charge. Gauge DIs- Height. charge. 1 Feel. Sec.-fl. Feel. 2.30 2.17 2.23 2.10 2.15 2.09 1.96 2.00 2.82 4.37 3.94 2 SO 2.71 2.71 2.70 4.00 3.62 Sec-fl. 42.0 27.0 34.0 20.0 25.0 19.0 9.6 12.0 140 0 512.0 409.0 135.0 115.0 115.0 113.0 423.0 .■532 n Feel. 2.20 2.12 2.12 2.11 2.14 2.11 2.10 2.10 2.06 2.06 Sec-fl. 30 22 22 21 24 21 20 20 17 17 z Peel. 1.98 1.98 1 98 Sec-fl. 11 0 2 11 0 3 4 1 98 11 0 5 6 1 98 11 0 7 8 1 98 i< ri 9 '...'.'.'.. C...... 1.98 1.98 1.98 1 98 10 .. . 11 0 11 11 0 12 11 n 13 1 98 11 0 14 1 98 111 15 1.98 11 0 16 11 0 17 2.30 2.23 42 34 X 1.99 1 99 11 0 18 3.09 205.0 3.00 183 0 11 n 19 1 89 11 0 20 1.77 1.80 1.95 2.60 4.10 3.90 3.31 3.20 2.85 2.96 2.70 2.72 2.9 3.5 9.0 92.0 447.0 399.0 257.0 231.0 147.0 173.0 113.0 117.0 3.10 2.97 2 90 207.0 176 0 i.iQ n 1 99 11 0 21 1 98 ' 11 0 22 1 97 in n 23 2 68 ins 0 1-91 1.97 1.98 1.98 1.98 1.98 1.98 1.98 10 0 24 2.50 2.50 2,40 2.41 2.26 2.20 2.20 73.0 73.0 56.0 58 .0 37.0 30.0 30.0 10 0 26 11 0 27 11 0 28...' 11 0 29 11 0 30 11 0 31 FRENCHAfAN RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN SESSIONAL PAPER No. 23d 197 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Fairwell Creek at Bewley's Ranche, Sask., for 1911. — Continued. July. August. September. October. Day. Gauge Dis- Height. charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Dis- Height. charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Fetl. Sec.-fl. 1.98 110 Feel. 1.83 1.82 1.83 1.83 1.84 1.85 1.85 1.85 1.84 1.84 1.83 1.82 1.81 1.81 1.80 1.81 1.81 1.79 1.79 1.79 1.78 1.78 1.77 1.77 1.78 1.78 1.77 1.77 1.76 1.75 1.75 Sec.-fl. 4.4 4.1 4.4 4.4 4.7 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.7 4.7 4.4 4.1 3.8 3.8 3.5 3.8 3.8 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.1 3.1 2.9 2.9 3.1 3.1 2.9 2.9 2.7 2.5 2.5 Feet. Sec.-fl. 1.76 2.7 1.77 2 9 Feet. 1.75 1.76 1.78 1.94 1.95 1.96 •1.96 1.96 1.96 1.96 1.96 1.96 1.94 1.93 1.94 1.94 1.95 1.95 1.94 1.94 1.94 1.94 1.94 1.95 1.97 1 98 1.97 1.97 Sec.-fl. 2 5 2 1.98 1.98 1.98 1.98 1.99 1.99 1.99 1.98 1.97 1.96 1.96 1.95 1.95 1.94 1.94 11.0 11.0 11.0 11.0 11.0 11.0 11.0 u.o 10.0 9.6 9.6 9.0 9.0 8.6 S fi 2 7 3 1.78 1.79 1.80 1.83 1.82 3.1 3.3. 3.5 4.4 4 1 3 1 4 8 6 5 9 0 6 9 6 7 9 6 8 ■ 1.77 2.9 1.77 2.9 1.75 2.5 1.74 2.3 1.75 i 2.5 1.75 2.5 1.76 2.7 1.76 2.7 1.77 2 Q 9 6 9 9 6 10 9 6 11... . 9 6 12 9 6 13 8 6 14 8 1 15 » . 8 6 16 8 6 17 1.94 8.6 1.93 8.1 1.93 8.1 1.92 7.7 1.92 ' 7.7 1.91 : 7.2 1.90 6.8 1.89 6.4 1.88 6.1 1,87 5.7 1.87 5.7 1.86 5.4 1.85 ' 5 0 1.84 4.7 1.84 I 4.7 1.78 1.79 1.80 1.80 1.79 1.78 1.77 1.76 1.75 1.74 1.75 1.75 1 75 3.1 3 3 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.1 2.9 2.7 2.5 2.3 2.5 2.5 9. F^ 9 0 18 9 0 19 8 6 20 8 6 21 S 6 22 . . ... 8 6 23 8 6 24 9 0 25 1 26 - 10.0 9 6 10 0 28 , 10 0 29 :..::.■:::::::;:::;:::::::: 30 1.75 2.5 X No observations between May 11 to 16 and May 19 to 31 owing to absence of observer. Monthly Discharge of Fairwell Creek at Bewley's Ranche, Sask., for 1911. (Drainage area. 125 square miles.) Month Discharge in Second-Feet. Run-Off. Depth in inches on Total in Drainage 1 Acre-Feet. Area. March (20-31) April May (1-10 and 17-18) June July August September October (1-28) The period 0.594 1.150 0 087 0.097 0.077 0.035 0.027 0.071 3951 7676 576 649 518 229 175 469 14243 Rose Creek at East End. This station was established on May 1, 1911, bv G. H. Whyte. It is located on the N.E. 14. Sec. 26, Tp. 7, Rge. 22, W. 3rd Mer., at East End post office. The channel of the stream is straight for about 4(3 feet above and 75 feet below the station. The right bank is low and liable to overflow, but the left is high and not liable to overflow. The bed of the stream is composed of sand, which is clear of vegetation, but shifts slightly. 198 STREAM MEASUREMENTS. 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 Discharge measurements are made during low water with a weir at a point 100 feet below the gauge, but, at high-water stages, with a current-meter by wading at the gauge. The initial point for soundings is a stake on the left bank. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is fixed to a post at the left bank. It is referred to bench-marks as follows; — (1) a spike-head on the southwest corner of Mr. Rose's barn (clev., 7.67 above the zero of the gauge); (2) a spike-head on the final plug on the right bank and about four inches above ground (elev., 4.97 above the zero of the gauge). During 1911, the gauge was read by B. E. Rose, postmaster at E^st End. Discbarge Measurements of Rose Creek at East End, Sask., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. Sq.-fl. Ft. per sec. May 2 G. H.Whyte.. J une 3 do July 5 1 do July 26.. I do Aug. 31 do Oct. 4 do Feel. 1 120 0 960 1.040 0.770 0.765 1.130 Sec-It. 0.6.S4* 0.420* 0.520' 0.857* 0.536' 0.714* ♦ Weir measurement. Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Rose Creek at East End, P.O. Sask., for 1911. May. June. July. Day. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Dis- Height.j charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feet. 1 00 1.12 1.09 1.07 1.04 1.05 1 05 1.05 1.05 1.06 1.11 1.06 1.05 1.26 1.20 1.33 1 23 1.15 1.14 1.15 1.10 1.05 1 24 1 15 1.23 1.20 1.15 1.10 1.09 1.05 1.01 Sec.-ft. 0 45 0 69 0 63 0.59 0.53 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.57. 0.67 0 57 0.55 0 98 0.86 1 13 0 92 0 75 0 73 0.75 0.65 0 55 0 94 0.75 0.92 0.86 0 75 0 65 0 63 0.55 0 47 Feet. 0.99 0 98 1.00 0.98 1.20 1.06 1 04 1 05 1.00 0.95 0.93 0 90 0 90 0.90 0.90 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.95 1.45 1.33 1.14 1.00 1.25 1.17 1.15 1 00 1 12 1.04 1 25 Sec.-ft. 0 43 0 41 0.45 0.41 0.86 0.57 0 53 0.55 0.45 0.35 0.31 0 26 0 26 0.26 0 26 0 17 0 17 0.17 0.35 1.38 1 13 0 73 0 45 0.96 0.79 0.75 0.45 0.69 0 53 0.96 Feet. 1.22 1 24 1 05 1.04 1.04 1.04 0 95 0 94 1.01 1.00 0 93 0.90 0 86 0.85 0.83 0 82 0 80 0.80 0.85 0.85 0 80 0 75 0.78 0 75 0.73 0 75 0 75 0 75 0 75 0 76 0.75 Sec.-ft. 0.90 1 0.94 3 0 55 4 0.53 5 0.53 6 0.53 7 0.35 8 0.33 9 0.47 10 0.45 It 0.31 12 0.26 13 0.19 14 . 0.17 15 0.14 16 0.13 17 0 10 18. . 0 10 19 0.17 20 .. .V .1 0.17 21 0.10 22 . 0 04 23 0.08 24 0.04 25 0.02 26 0.04 27 0.04 28 . . 0.04 29 0.04 30 0.05 31 0.04 FRENCH M.iX RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN 199 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 2od Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Rose Creek at East End, P.O. Sask.,for 1911. — Con. Aug ust. September. October. November. Day. 1 Gauge 1 Dis- Height. charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Dis- Height. charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1... Feet. 0.75 0.75 0.75 Sec.-ft. 0.04 0.04 0 04 Feet. 0.74 0.75 0.74 1.01 X X 1.25 1.15 1.05 0.95 0.94 0.85 0 95 0.95 0.90 0.85 0.85 0.95 0.92 0.90 0.86 0.98 1.04 1.05 1.05 1.10 1.04 0.95 0 95 0.95 Sec.-ft. 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.47 "6'96' 0.75 0.55 0.35 0.33 0.17 0.35 0.35 0.26 0.17 0.17 0.35 0.30 0.26 0.19 0.41 0.53 0.55 0.55 0.65 0.53 0.35 0.35 0.35 Feet. Sec.-ft. 0.95 1 0.35 1.10 ' 0.65 1.21 0 88 1.10 0.65 1.05 0.55 1.00 0.45 0.98 0.41 0.95 0 35 0.95 0 35 0.95 0.35 0.93 0.31 0.94 0.33 0.94 0 33 0.94 0.33 0.94 0 33 0.93 0.31 0.93 0.31 0 94 0 33 0.9S 0 41 1.00 0 45 0.99 , 0.43 1.05 0.55 100 0.45 105 0.55 0.95 0.35 0.94 0.33 0.94 0.33 0 94 0.33 0 94 0.33 0.94 0.33 0.95 0.35 Feet. 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.96 0.96 0.90 0.91 0.90 0.91 0.85 0.85 0.88 0.85 Sec-fl. 0 35 2 0.35 3 0 35 4 0.75 [ 6.04 0.81 ' 0.11 0.87 0.21 1.02 0.49 1.00 0.45 0.90 0 26 0.85 0.17 0.89 0.23 0.80 0.10 0.75 0.04 0.75 , 0 04 0.85 1 0.17 0.75 0.04 0.76 0.05 0.75 0 04 0.75 1 0 04 0.74 ^ 0.03 0.75 1 0.04 0.75 : 0.04 0.75 0 04 0.75 0.04 0.74 0.03 0.75 0.04 0.79 i 0.09 0.74 0.03 0.75 0.04 0.75 0.04 0.74 0 03 0,35 5 0 35 6 0 37 7 0 37 8 0 26 9 0 28 10 0 26 11 0 28 12 • 0 17 13 0 17 14 0 22 15 .. 0 17 16 . 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 1 Monthly Discharge of Rose Creek at East End, Sask., for 1911. (Drainage area, 13 square miles.) Month. Discharge in Second-Feet. Rv-n-Off. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. I Depth in j Per square j inches on MUe. Drainage Area. Total in Acre-Feet. May June July August September (1-4 and 7-30)* . October November . . . Q-15) The period. 0.96 0.88 0.37 0.45 0.17 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.31 0.17 0.69 0.53 0.25 0.10 0.37 0.41 0.29 0.053 0 041 0.019 0.008 0.028 0.032 0.022 0.061 0.046 0.022 0.009 0.029 0.037 0.012 .216 42 32 15 6 21 25 9 • High Water Sept. 5th and 6th. than the mean. Discharge not available on these dates but would have been greater 200 STREAM MEASUREMENTS. 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 Frank Cross Ditch near East End. This station was established September 9, 1911, by G. R. Elliott on the irrigation ditch of Frank Cross, which diverts water from the north branch of Frenchman River on the N.W. Ji Sec. 15, Tp. 7, Rge. 22, \V. .-Jrd Mer. The gauge is located on the N.W. 14 Sec. 15, and about 130 feet from the intake of the ditch. It is a plain staff 4 in. x 1 in., graduated to feet and inches, and is on the left side of the sluice llume. The zero of the gauge (elev., 94.45) is referred to a nut on the northwest corner of a bridge at that point (assumed elev., 100.00). The station is five feet from the end of the sluice flume of the ditch, which has a bottom width of 2.85 feet, with sides 1.8 feet in height. As this station was established after the irrigation se^ison was over, no gauge-height records were obtained during 1911. North Branch of Frenchman River at Cross's Ranche. This station was established July 25, 1908, by F. T. Fletcher. It is located on N.E. Ji Sec. 16, Tp. 7, Rge. 22, W. 3rd Mer., about two and one half miles from East End post office, and about forty-five miles southeast of Maple Creek, by trail. The channel is straight for about 100 feet above and 400 feet below the station. Both banks are high and liable to overflow. The bed of the stream is sandy and may shift at high stages. The current is smooth and fairly swift. The gauge is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, placed vertically at the right bank, about one mile downstream from the intake of Prank Cross's irrigation ditch, and one hundred yards below his house. The zero of the gauge (elev., 91.28) is referred to a permanent iron bench-mark (assumed elev., 100.00) situated '2G0 feet northeast of the gauge and about 1315 feet S. 5°36' \V. from the northeast corner of Sec. 16, Tp. 7, Rge. 22, \V. 3rd Mer. Discharge measurements are made at or near the gauge by wading. The initial point for soundings is a square hardwood plug driven into the ground on the right bank of the stream and marked "B.M." with white paint. Irrigation ditches owned by F. Cross, H. Cross and W. F. McNicol take their supply from the North Branch of Frenchman River at points above this station. A small quantity of water was diverted during 1911. During 1911, the gauge was read by Frank Cross. Discharge Measurements of North Branch of Frenchman River at Cross's Ranche, in 1911. Sask., Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean \'elocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. April 10 G. H. Whyte April 18 do May 16 ! do June 13 ' do July U do Aug. 11 do Aug. 31 ' G. R. Elliott. Sept. 6 G. H. Whyte Oct. 16 do Feet. Sq.-ft. Ft. per sec. Feet. Sec.-ft. 38 00 89.00 2 329 3 285 207.32 14.40 12 49 1 794 0.780 22.40 13.60 13.93 1 712 0 870 23.85 10.70 5 36 1076 0.460 5.77 10.30 5.54 1 231 0.515 6.82 12.30 5.74 1.132 0.495 I 6.51 13.25 4.87 0 786 0 350 3.83 13.50 20.44 2 307 1.255 49.37 11.00 6.39 1.058 0.540 6.76 FREyCHMAN RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN SESSIONAL PAPEK N*. 25d 201 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of North Branch of Frenchman River at Cross's Ranche, Sask., for 1911. April. May. June. July. Day. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feel. Sec.-ft. Feet. 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.75 0.70 0.70 0.65 0.65 0.63. 0.63 0.75 0.67 0.67 0.70 0.70 0.65 0.65 0.55 0.60 Sec.-ft. 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 10.5 10.5 10 5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 15.0 15.0 17.5 15.0 15.0 12.8 12.8 11.8 11.8 17.5 13.6 13.6 15.0 15.0 12.8 12.8 12.8 10.5 Feel. 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.42 0.55 0.50 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.48 0.43 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.48 0.52 0.53 0.48 0.40 0.40 0.70 0.52 0.50 0.50 0.70 Sec-ft. 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.0 8.8 7.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.5 5.2 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 6.5 7.7 8.0 6.5 4.5 4.5 15.0 7.7 7.0 7.0 15.0 F«<. 0.7 0.78 0.58 0.55 0.57 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.60 0.60 0.55 0.50 0.50 0.48 0.48 0.47 0.47 0.47 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.48 0.47 0.45 0.45 0.43 0.43 0.48 0.48 Sec.-ft. 2 19 0 3 9 8 4 5 9 4 6 7 8 8 8 9 225.0 121.0 97.0 81.0 73.0 31.0 45.0 52.0 31.0 31.0 31.0 25.0 31.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 10 5 10 3.5 2.2 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 11 8 8 12 7.0 13 14 . . . . 65 15 16 6 2 17 18 6 2 19 20 7.0 21 22 7.0 7.0 23 24 25 6.2 5.8 5.8 27 28. 29 5.2 30 31 6 5 202 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of North Branch of Frenchman River at Cross's Ranche, Sask., for 1911. — Continued. August. September. October. November. Day. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height Dis- charge . Gauge {Icight. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge . 1 . Feel. 0.47 0.47 0.47 0.47 0.S4 0.54 0 55 0.62 0.56 0.52 0.50 0.48 0.45 0.44 0.49 0.48 0.46 0.46 0.45 0.45 0 45 0.45 0.4S 0.48 0.45 0.54 0.53 0.48 0 47 0.46 0.46 Sec.-ft. 6 2 6.2 6.2 6.2 8.4 8.4 8 8 11.4 9.1 7.7 7 0 6.5 5.8 5.5 6.8 6.5 6.0 .6 0 5.8 5.8 5 8 5.8 6.5 6.5 5.8 8.4 8 0 6 5 6 2 6 0 6 0 Feet. 0.46 0.46 0.45 0.72 0.77 1.25 0.75 0.57 0.52 0.51 0 49 0.47 0.53 0.52 0.50 0.50 0.55 0.56 0.55 0.53 0.52 0.60 0.61 0.62 0.62 0.63 0.60 0.59 0.58 0.57 Sec.-ft. 6.0 6.0 5.S 16.0 18.5 48.0 17.5 9.4 7.7 7.4 6.8 6.2 8.0 • 7.7 7.0 7.0 8.8 9.1 8.8 8.0 7.7 10.5 11.0 11.4 11.4 11.8 10 5 10.2 9.8 9.4 Feel. 0 57 0.67 0.71 0.67 0 58 0 57 0 55 0.54 0.53 0.52 0.53 0 54 0.34 0.55 0.55 0 54 0.54 0.58 0.62 0.60 0.60 0.58 0.61 0.65 0.73 0 74 1 02 0.95 0.93 0.90 0.84 Secfl. 9 4 13 6 15.5 13.6 9.8 9.4 8.8 8.4 8.0 7.7 8 0 8 4 8.4 8 8 8.8 8.4 8.4 9.8 11.4 10. S 10.5 9.8 11.0 12.8 16.5 17.0 32.0 28.0 27.0 25 0 Feel. 0.85 0.84 0.86 0.90 0.84 0.90 0.98 1.01 1.04 1.03 1.23 1 25 1.35 1.54 1.55 a See.-/t. % 2 J 3 t %.. t 5 t 6 7 t I 8 : 9 t 10 t \\ { 12 : 13 t 14 t 15 t 16 17 18 19 20. . 21 .»• 22 24 27 29 31 t No observations previous to April 10. t Ice in stream not sufficient data to compute daily discharge. Monthly Discharge of North Branch of Frenchman River at Cross's Ranche. Sask., for 1911. (Drainage area. 53 square miles.) Discharge in Second-Feet. Run-Off. Month. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square Mile. Depth in inches on Drainage Area. . Total in Acre-Feet. April (10-30) 225.0 17.5 15.0 19.0 11.4 48.0 32 0 15 0 10.5 4.5 5 2 5 5 5.8 7-7 47.30 13 20 7 01 7 95 6 83 10 80 13.40 0.892 0 249 0.132 0 150 0 129 0 204 0 253 0 696 0.2S7 0.147 0 173 0 149 1973 \lay . ... 812 417 July. 489 420 0 22S 1 643 0.292 824 1.972 5578 Enright and Strong's Ditch. This station was established April 17, 1911, by G. H. Whyte, to replace the station on Sec. 36, Tp. 6, Rge. 2"2, \V. 3rd Mer. The new station, which is located on N.E. J4 sec. '25, Tp. 6, Rge. 22, \V. 3rd Mcr., is three-quarters of a mile above the old station and about half a mile below the head-gate of the ditch. Plate No. 28. White Clay from which Frenchman River gets its local name " Whitemud." Taken by R. J. Biirley. Pl\teNo. 29. Enright and Strong's Dam in Frenchman River. Taken by R. J. Biirley. FRENCHULIN RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN 203 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Discharge measurements are made at the rod by wading, or from the old bridge station (for description see previous reports). The initial point for soundings at the station is a plug on the left bank, 23 feet from the rod. The ditch is straight for about 250 feet above and 100 feet below the station. The current is rather sluggish, and during a greater part of the season, vegetation in the ditch causes con- siderable trouble in making discharge measurements. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is on a post at the right side of the ditch. It is referred to bench marks as follows: — (1) a spike on the initial post, which is about six inches above ground, on the left bank of the ditch (elevation 5.49 feet above the datum of the gauge "I ; (2) the top of a plug, about four inches above ground, on the top of the right bank and about fifty feet downstream from the gauge (elevation 7.52 feet above the datum of the gauge). During 1911, the gauge was read by J. C. Strong. Discharge Measurements of Enright & Strong's Ditch near East End, Sask., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean j Velocity. , Gauge Height. Discharge. April 17 G. H. Whyte do do do do do do do do Feel. Sg.-fl. Fl. per sec. ' Feel. Sec.-fl. Nil. May 15 14.3 14 0 16.0 12 5 10 6 16 0 ...1 14.0 11 7 14.70 12.49 18.74 7.98 5.96 19.66 10 40 7.78 0.857 0.817 1.116 0 494 0.490 0 210 0.460 0.848 1.29 1.16 1.49 0 95 0.70 0 92 1.16 0.91 12.60 10 20 June 12 20.93 3.95 July 10 2 92 July 27 .\ug. 3 4 14 4 79 \ug 31 6 60 Oct. 14 do -.1 Nil. i Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Enright & Strong's Ditch near East End, Sask., for 1911. April. May. June. July. August. September. Day. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 2 3. Feel. Sec-ft. Feel. Sec.-fl. Feel. 1 00 1.00 1 00 1.00 1.16 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.50 0.30 1.49 0.90 1.00 1 00 1.00 1 00 1 00 1.00 1.00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1 00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Sec.-fl. 6 6 6 6 6 6 6.6 9.6 6 6 6 6 6.6 6.6 1.5 0.4 21 0 5.1 6.6 6 6 6.6 6.6 6.6 6 6 6.6 6.6 6 6 6.6 6 6 6.6 6 6 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.6 Feel. 1 00 1.00 1 00 0.90 0.95 0 90 0.90 0 91 0.90 0.70 0.90 0 90 0 90 0.91 1 00 1 00 1.02 1.02 1.03 1.02 1.02 1.02 I 02 1.04 1.03 1.02 0 92 1 02 1.03 1.04 1.02 Sec.-fl. 6.6 6.6 6.6 5.1 5.8 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.1 2.9 5.0 4.9 4.9 4.8 6 1 6.1 6.4 6.2 6.3 6.1 6.0 5.9 5.5 6.0 5.7 5.5 4.1 5 1 4.9 4 6 4 0 Feel. 1.02 1.01 1.16 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.03 1.20 1 20 1 24 1.20 1.22 1 00 0 90 0.75 1.00 1.02 1.00 1 02 1.01 1.03 1.02 1.02 1 00 1 02 1.00 1 00 1 02 1.04 0 91 Sec.-fl. 3.8 3.4 4.8 3.3 3 5 3.7 4.0 4.1 6.5 6 7 7 7 7.2 7 9 4.7 3.7 2.4 5.1 5.7 5.6 6.1 6.1 6.6 6.7 6 9 6 8 7.4 7.3 7.5 S.I 8.7 6 6 Feel. 0.90 0.95 0.92 1 00 0.70 0.72 0.50 ** Sec.-fl. 6 4 7.2 6 7 4 8 2 ::;;:::::: 6 4 0 8 9 10. . ' 0.80 0.90 0.90 1.00 1.00 1 29 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1. 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1.00 1.00 1 00 3.9 5.1 5.1 6.6 6 6 13.2 6.6 6 6 6 6 6.6 6 6 6.6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6.6 6 6 6.6 6 6 6 6 6.6 6 6 11 12 13 14.. . 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 *0.70 0.60 0.60 0.60 0 60 0 60 J 2.9 2.1 2.1 2.1 2 1 2 1 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Water turned on. X Water shut off. ** Closed for season. 204 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 Monthly Discharge of Enright & Strong's Ditch near East End, Sask., for 1911. Discharge in Secokd-Febt.' Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square Mile. Run-Off. Depth in inches on Drainage Area. Total in Acre-Feet. AprU (22-27) . . . . May (20-31) June July August September (1-7). The period 2.9 13.2 21.0' 6.6 8.7 8.2 2.1 3.9 0.4 2.9 2,4 2.1 2.23 6.64 6.75 5.44 5.76 5.49 26 290 402 334 354 76 1482 Frenchman River at Enright and Strong's Ranche. This station was estabUshed July 31, 190S, by F. T. Fletcher. It is located at the Enright and Strong highway bridge on the N.E. J-4 Sec. 31, Tp. 6, Rge. 21, \V. 3rd Mer. It is about eight miles south of East End post office and a mile above the East End police detachment. Three miles above the station are the dam and head-gates of Messrs. Enright and Strong's ditch, and hence the discharge of the stream at the station does not include that of the ditch and the latter must be added in order to obtain the total flow of the Frenchman Ri\er. The bridge is a single-span, wooden structure set upon timber rock-filled abutments. The channel is straight for 300 feet above and 600 feet below the station. Both banks are high and not liable to overflow. The bed of the stream is composed of sand and gravel. The current is sluggish. The gauge, which is of the standard chain type, is fi.\ed to the floor of the east end of the upstream side of the bridge. The length of chain from the marker to the bottom of the weight is 16.80 feet. The zero of the gauge (elev., 85.54) is referred to a permanent iron bench-mark (assumed elev., 100.00), situated 240 feet N 11° E from the gauge. This gauge reads one foot higher than the staff-gauge used during previous years and the early part of 1911. Discharge measurements are made from the lower side of the bridge during high-water stages, and at a wading section a short distance upstream during low-water stages. The initial point for soundings is the inner face of the left abutment. The bridge is not quite at right angles to the direction of the current. During 1911, the gauge was read twice each day by J. C. Strong. All gauge-heights for 1911 have been reduced to the datum of the old staff-gauge, so that they can be compared directly with records of previous years. Discharge Measurements of Frenchman River at Enright & Strong's Ranche, Sask., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. April 13 April 17 April 17 May 3 June 5 July 5 July 10 July 27 Aug. 3 Aug. 31 Oct. 14 Feet. Sg.-ft. . H. Whyte 38.0 179.00 do 38 0 204.45 do 38.0 239.90 do 40.0 38.78 do 36.0 41.50 do 38.0 60.99 do 37.5 51.87 do ': 34.0 38.85 do ■ 14.1 4.77 do 13.5 • 4.00 do ' 38.6 ' 38.51 Ft. per sec, 2.603 2.723 3.933 2.223 0.600 0.709 0.598 0.221 1.180 1 1 .072 0.743 Feet. 4.520 5.155 6.280 2.360 1.550 1.900 1.660 1.320 1.270 1.230 2.530 Sec.-ft. 465.95 556.83 943.67 86.21 24.89 49.36 31.04 8.59 5.64 4.31 29.26 FRENCHMAN RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d 205 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Frenchman River at Enright & Strong's Ranche, Sask., for 1911. Day. April. May. Gauge Dis- Height. charge. Ga*ge Height. Dis- charge . June. Gauge I Dis- Height. charge. Feet. Sec.-ft. 2.50 102 2.40 112 2.45 98 2.35 88 2.45 98 2.40 93 2.30 84 2.05 62 1.70 34 1.80 41 8.30 84 2.30 84 2.40 93 2.30 84 2.30 84 2.40 93 2.40 93 2.30 84 2.25 80 2.30 84 2.20 75 2.15 70 2.10 66 2.20 75 2.20 75 2.10 66 2.10 66 2.10 66 2.00 57 2.10 66 2.10 66 July. Gauge ;' Dis- Height.' charge. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. II. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. J17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. j2S. 29. 30. 31. Feet. 4.60 4.40 4.40 3.90 3.70 3.20 3.30 2.70 2.70 6.50 8.40 6.50 4.70 4.00 3.80 2.80 5.74 5.75 4.45 4.10 4.05 3.90 3.70 3.30 3.10 3.00 2.90 2.75 2.65 2.45 Sec.-ft. 4.85 4.39 4.39 3.36 3.00 2.23 2.38 1.57 1.57 9.04 18.70 11.26 5.16 3.44 2.95 1.44 7.38 7.42 3.88 3.19 3.10 2.84 2.51 1.94 1.68 Feel. 2.00 2.05 2.10 1.90 2.00 1.90 1.90 1.85 1.80 2.00 2.00 1.90 1.75 1.55 1.65 1.60 1.90 1.75 1.65 i Sec.-ft. 57 62 66 49 " 57 49 49 45 41 51 57 49 38 24 30 27 53 38 30 0.98 1.75 38 2.55 107 1.80 41 1.75 38 1.90 53 1.80 41 1.70 34 1.75 38 1.75 38 1.75 38 1.90 49 Feel. Sec.-ft. 1.85 1.95 1.95 2.05 2.05 1.95 2.00 1.85 1.72 1.62 1.61 1.62 1.62 1.63 1.62 1.59 1.54 1.53 1.52 1.53 1.52 1.52 1.53 1.53 1.50 1.48 1.49 1.42 1.49 1.50 1.50 45 53 53 62 62 53 57 45 35 28 28 28 28 29 28 26 23 22 21 22 21 21 22 22 20 19 19 14 19 20 20 206 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v.. A. 1912 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Frenchman River at Enright & Strong's Ranche, Sask., for 1911. — Continued. August. September. October. November. Day. • Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Dis- Hciglit.' charge. Gauge Dis- Height. charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 .-. Feet. 1.47 1.44 1.39 1.41 1.50 1.48 1.46 1.46 1.42 1.45 1.50 1.42 Sec.-ft. 18 16 12 14 20 19 17 17 14 16 20 19 Feei. 1.31 1.26 1.25 1.26 1.90 2.00 1.70 1.48 1.45 1.42 1.42 1.40 1.36 1.38 1.50 1.52 1.52 1.51 1.49 1.48 1.50 1.48 1.45 1.40 1.38 1.34 1.31 a2.30d 2.95 2.45 Sec.-ft. 7.6 5.0 4.5 5.0 49 0 57.0 34.0 19.0 16.0 14.0 14.0 13.0 11.0 12.0 20.0 21.0 21.0 21.0 19.0 19.0 20.0 19.0 16.0 13.0 12.0 9.4 7.6 41.0 60.0 23.0 Feet. 2.21 2 31 2.35 2.46 2.52 2.51 2.54 2.62 2.62 2.59 2.62 2.61 2.62 2.61 2.60 2.58 2.45 2.51 2.50 2.51 2.55 2.59 2 65 2.71 2.70 2.72 2.67 2 64 2.62 2,64 2.66 Sec.-ft. 9 16 18 25 28 27 30 36 36 32 36 35 36 35 34 32 23 27 26 27 30 33 38 42 41 43 39 38 36 38 39 Feet. 1.92 1.68 1.62 1.60 1.52 1.82 2.25 Sec-ft. 2 3 5... 6 '. 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1.46 17 14 1.44 1.49 1.51 1.47 1.49 1.50 1.50 1.47 1.44 1.41 1.40 1.45 1.48 1.44 1.42 1.40 1.37 1.31 16 19 21 18 19 20 20 18 16 14 13 16 19 16 14 13 11 7.6 IS : 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 24 27.' 29 31 . .... a. Flash boards taken ofE dam. d. From this date to the end of season, bearer affect gauge heights. Monthly Discharge of Frenchman River at Enright & Strong's Ranche, Sask,. for 1911. (Drainage area.' 683 square miles.) Discharge in Second-Feet. Rum-Off. Month. Maximum Minimum. Mean. Per square Mile. Depth in inches on Total in Drainage Acre-Feet. Area. 1870 112 114 68 28 61 43 98.0 34.0 31.0 19.0 14.0 7.6 9.0 401.0 82.9 53.2 36.6 22.2 21.4 31.8 0.587 0.121 0.078 0.054 0.033 0.031 0.047 0.655 23861 May .... 0.140 5097 0.087 3166 July 0.062 2250 0 038 1365 0 035 1273 0.054 1955 The period . 1.071 38967 Note. — The Flow through Enright and Strong's ditch has been added to the Flow at the regular station to- obtain the total monthly flow of Frenchman river given in this table. FRENCHMAN RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN 207 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Morrison Brothers' Ditch. This station was established .August 22, 1911, by G. R. Elliott, on Morrison Brothers' irrigation ditch, which diverts water from the Frenchman River on S.E. 34 Sec. 27, Tp. 6, Rge. 21, W. 3rd Mer. The gauge is located on the S.W. ]4 Sec. 26, and about half a mile from the intake of the ditch. It is a plain staff 3 in. x 1 in., graduated to feet and inches, and is on the right side of the ditch. The zero of the gauge (elev., 97.36) is referred to the top of a rock 300 feet downstream on the right bank (assumed elev., 100.00) and marked "B.M." with red paint. The station is at a uniform cross-section of the ditch, which is seven feet wide at the bottom with side slopes of 4 to 1. As the gauge was established after the irrigation season, no gauge-height records were obtained during 1911. Discharge Measurements of Morrison's Ditch on Frenchman River, Sask., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean ' Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. Aug. Aug. 3 22 1 .. G.H. Whyte .. F.T.Fletcher., Feet. 7,0 16 0 Sq.-ft. 3 90 3.96 Ft. per sec. 0.703 0.663 Inches. Sec.-ft. 2 740 S.o 2 639 Mule Creek at Erwin's Ranxhe. This station was established May 12, 1911, by G. H. Whyte. It is located on the S.E. % Sec. 34, Tp. 5, Rge. 17, \V. 3rd Mer. It is about 48 miles by trail from East End and about one-quarter of a mile from the junction of the stream with P^renchman River. The channel is straight for about 60 feet above and 100 feet below the station. Both banks are high and covered with greasewood and sage brush. The channel is composed of gravel and sand, and is liable to shift. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is fi.\ed to a post near the right bank of the stream. It is referred to bench-marks as follows: — (1) a spike on top of the ihitial post on the left bank (ele\-ation 5.S3 feet above the datum of the gauge); (2) a spike on top of the final post on the right bank (elevation 6.88 feet above the datum of the gauge). Discharge measurements are made at the rod by means of a current-meter or weir. As only a few gauge-height observations were made during 1911, and these very unsatis- factory-, tables of daily gauge-height and discharge, and monthly discharge could not be prepared. Discharge Measurements of Mule Creek at Erwin's Ranche, Sask., in 1911. Date. 1 Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Discharge. Height. May 12 G. H. Whyte.. Feet. 5.1 Sq.-ft. 1.25 1.08 Ft. per sec. 0.696 0.546 Feet. Sec.-ft. 0 910 0 870 June 10 do 4.8 0 800 0 570 Aug. 2 do 0 820 0 736* Sept. 13 do 0 950 1 063* Sept. 13 do ......^.... 2.12 . . .. 1 726 1 055 3 660 ♦ Weir measurement. Frenchman River at Huff's Ranche. This station was established on May 23, 1910, by F. H. Peters. It is located in Sec. 5, Tp. 5, Rge. 14, VV. 3rd Mer., at Huff's Ranche. It is forty miles by trail from Notre Dame d'Auvergne post otifice, and seventy-five miles from Swift Current. During low stages of the stream, discharge measurements are made by wading. The initial point for soundings is the face of post on the left bank, marked "O. -(- 00." When the stream becomes too deep for wading, the discharge is determined by the slope method. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is fi,\ed to a post at the left bank. It is referred to the top of the post at the initial point for soundings (elevation, 9.75 feet above the datum of the gauge). It was read, during 1911, by Roy Huff. 208 STREAM MEASUREME.\TS, 1911 2 GEORGE v.. A. 1»I2 The gauge was carried out by ice early in the spring, but was replaced by N. M. Sutherland on June 15. Beaver dams below, which caused back-water on the gauge, and shifting condi- tions made it impossible to compute daily discharges (or 1911. As the gauge-heights are of no value and are misleading, discharges measurements only are given. 5(J5-5GG-5G7. Discharge Measurements of Frenchman River at Huff's Ranche, Sask., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. June 15 N. M. Sutherland. Feel. 4.3 5«.-/l. 40.84 Ft. per sec. 0.599 Feel. 2.16 2.20 1 81 2 05 Sec.-fl. 24 46 July 11 do July 28 do do 7 09* Aug. 13 * Measurements made upstream from regular section. MlscELL.\NEOUS DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS in Frenchman River Drainage Basin, in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Stream. Location. Width. Area of Section. Mean Discharge ■ Velocity. July 27 N.M.Sutherland May 16 G. H. Whyte... June 13 1 do Aug. 11 do Oct. 16 j do May 17 | do June 14 do July 12 do Aug. 12 do July 12 N.M.Sutherland July 13.. July 26. . Aug. IS.. Aug. 15.. Aug. 15.. do do do do do July 11 G. H. Whyte .. May 17 do June 14 do Sept. 13 G. R. Elliott. . . June 16 G . H. Whjte . . June 17.... July 14 Aug. 16 Aug. 2 G, Sept. 14 H N.M.Sutherland do do H. Whyte..., T. Thomas. . . Breed Creek Calf Creek do do do Concrete Coulee . do do do Creek N.W. 12^-12-3. Sec. 5-8-22-3. do do do Sec. 11-7-23-3.. do do do Sec. 35-3-12-3. . do do do do do Sec. 14-2-12-3. Sec. 25-4-12-3. Se c.35-3-12-3. Sec. 35-2-12-3. Sec. 3-2-11-3. A. M. Cross Ditch Sec. 5-8-22-3. Doyle Coulee. . . . Sec. 17-7-22-3. . do do do ' do Dip Creek Sec. 7-8-25-3 . Frenchman Riv.. S.W. 4-1-10-3. do do do ' do do , N.E. 2S-5-17-3. do ' do Aug. 3 ; G. H. Whyte.... Aug. 3 do Aug. 27 \ G.R.Elliott.... Sept. 6 ! R. J. Burley & F. T. Fletcher. . . Aug. 14 G. H. Whyte.. . . Sept. 13 G.R.Elliott Sept. 14 R. J. Burley & G. H. Whyte....! Sept. 25 FT. Fletcher. . . July 12 N.M.Sutherland. July 27 do Aug. 13 do do do North Br. of do. do Spring Creek do do do Sec. 26-6-21-3. Sec. 5-6-20-3. N.W. 16-S-22-3 N.W. 15-7-22-3. Sec. 28-7-24-3. . . Sec. 18-7-22-3. S.W. 7-6-16-3. N.E. 23-6-24-3. Snake Creek ; S.E. 33-3-13-3. do i do do ' do Feel. Sq. Feel. 7.5 5.7 7.5 5.5 3.22 2.06 2.75 2.17 8.1 4.76 6 7 3 72 4 4 I 2.35 4 6 1 86 4.3 2 0 1.7 1.16 1.01 0.68 20 6 21 0 9 4 13.6 46 7 21 5 23.8 4.5 11.53 12.56 2.93 10.59 50.44 13.35 14.50 1.86 30.00 Feet per Sec. 1.030 0.587 0.359 2.080 2 080 0.580 0 422 0.743 0 431 0.5.54 1.190 1.800 1.112 0.660 0.527 0.696 0.666 ' 0.319 ' 0.476 0.535 Sec.-Fl. NU. 3.590 1.360 1.448 • 1.510 3.170 1.190 1.120 1.001 • Nil. Nil. NU. NU. NU. NU. 1.220 0.590 • 0.380 • 0.371 • 0.182 • 23.940 26.140 1.650 4.470 37.510 5.760 8.040 2.180 34.100 0.706 • 0.314 • 0.3S9 • 0.064 • Nil. Nil. Nil. • Weir measurement. SWIFTCURRENT CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d 209 SWIFTCURRENT CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN. General Description. Swiftcurrent Creek rises in the eastern slope of the Cypress Hills and follows a northeasterly course for 75 miles and then northward for about 25 miles and finally empties into the South Saskatchewan River in Tp. 20, Rge. 13, \V. 3rd Mer. The only important tributary- is Bone Creek, which rises in the Cypress Hills and joins the Swiftcurrent in Tp. 10, Rge. 19, W. 3rd Mer. The main stream flows through a valley two to three hundred feet deep and a mile wide to within a few miles of its mouth, where it enters a sandstone gorge, about five hundred feet deep. The bench-land above the creek is of rolling prairie broken by innumerable coulees The soil is a sandy loam. There is very little tree growth along the stream. The mean annual rainfall at the town of Swift Current is about fifteen inches. This in- creases slightly at the stream's head-waters. The greatest precipitation occurs during the months of May, June, and July. From November to April the stream is frozen over. There are a number of small irrigation ditches in this drainage basin, and the tow-n of Swift Current and the Canadian Pacific Railway Company take water for domestic and industrial purposes from the creek. Pollock East Ditch at South Fork, Sask. This station was established August 10, 1911, by G. R. Elliott, on the irrigation ditch of Mr. D. Pollock, which diverts water from Swiftcurrent Creek on the N.E. J^ Sec. 22, Tp. 22 Rge. 7, \V. 3rd Mer. The gauge is located on the N.E. H Sec. 22, about twenty feet from the intake. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and inches, is situated at the left side of the ditch. The zero (elev., 91.96) is referred to a permanent iron bench-mark (assumed elev., 100.00), located at the gauging station on Swiftcurrent Creek, which is three-quarters of a mile below. The station is at a uniform cross-section of the ditch, which is one and a half feet wide at the bottom with side slopes of one to one and two to one. No gauge-height observ'ations were made during 1911. Discharge Measurements of Pollock East Ditch at South Fork, Sask., In 1911. Date. 1 Hydrographer. Width. Aie^ of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. July 7 G. H. Whyte Ftet. Sg.-fl. Ft. per sec. Feel. Sec.-/l. 0 240* July 28 do 0.268» Nil. Aug. 29 do • Weir measurement. Pollock West Ditch at South Fork, Sask. This station was established August 10, 1911, by G. R. Elliott, on the irrigation ditch of Mr. D. Pollock, which diverts water from Sw'iftcurrent Creek on the S.W. ^± Sec. 27 To 22 Rge. 7, W. 3rd Mer. The gauge is located on the N.W. J4 Sec. 22, about half a mile from the intake. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and inches, is situated at the right side of a flume. The zero (elev., 82.09) is referred to a permanent iron bench-mark (assumed elev., 100.00) located at the gauging station on Swiftcurrent Creek. The flume spans a coulee, is constructed of timber, and has a bottom width of two feet, and sides one foot in height. No gauge-height readings were taken or gaugings made during 1911. Swiftcurrent Creek at Pollock's Ranche, Sask. This station was established May 18, 1909, by H. R. Carscallen. It is located on the N.E. }i Sec. 22, Tp. 7, Rge. 21, W. 3rd Mer., about four miles southwest of Southfork post office. 210 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 The channel is straight for 50 feet above and 15 feet below the station. Both banks are high and not liable to overflow. The bed of the stream is composed of sand and gravel. The current is moderate at ordinary stages but sluggish at very low stages of the stream. Discharge measurements are made at or near the gauge by wading at ordinary stages and at very low stages a weir is used. Mr. Pollock diverts water from the creek into an irrigation ditch about half a mile above the gauge, and when he is using water in his ditch the gauge does not record the total tlow of the creek. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is attached vertically to a post sunk in the bed of the stream at the right bank and firmly stayed. The zero of the gauge (elev., 89.25) is referred to a permanent iron bench-mark (assumed elev., 100.00) situated 138 feet N 30° E of the gauge. During 1911, the gauge was read by D. Pollock. Discharge Measurements of Swiftcurrent Creek at Pollock's Ranche, Sask., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. .\rea of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. April 14 G. H. Whyte Feel. 9 0 4 6 4 0 4.8 Sq.-fl. 7 23 2 13 1.80 2.01 Ft. Iin- sec. 1 116 0 933 0 701 0.607 Feel. 1.37 1 22 0.68 0.74 0.68 0.94 0.88 0.94 Sec.-fl. May 4 do 2 030 June 6 do 1 300 July 7 . do 1 220 July 28 do Aug. 12 G. R. Elliott. ... 1 073* Aug. 29 G. H. Whyte Oct. 5 do ' 1 602« \ * Weir measurement. Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Swiftcurrent Creek at Pollock's Ranche, Sask., for 1911 . Day. May. Gauge Height. Dis- charge June. Gauge I Dis- Height.| charge July. Gauge Dis- Height. charge. 6. 7. S. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. Feel. 0.72 0.72 0.72 0.67 0.67 0.67 0.67 0.67 0.67 0.80 0.80 0 85 0 90 0.85 0.85 0 76 0.76 0.76 0.76 0.76 0.80 0.76 0.76 0.75 0.70 0.80 Sec.-ft. 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.8 IS 1.7 17 1.7 1.7 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.8 2.5 2.4 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.9 Feel. Sec.-ft. Feel. 0.80 1.8 0.75 0.65 1.3 0.76 0.80 1.8 0.75 0 SO 1.8 0.72 0 68 12 0.70 0.68 0.68 ; 0.68 ! 0.67 0 67 0.66 0 63 0.65 0.65 0.63 I 0.65 i 0.62 J 0 60 0.60 0.65 0.85 0.80 I 0.75 i 0.80 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.78 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 12 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.7 1.3 0.70 0.72 0.72 0.72 0.71 0.72 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.74 0.73 0.72 0.73 0.74 0.74 0.74 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 Sec.-fl. 1.3 1.3 13 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0 7 0.7 0 5 0 5 0.5 0 5 SWI FTCURRENT CREEK DRAINAGE BASIM SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d 211. Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Swiftcurrent Creek at Pollock's Ranche, Sask,. for 1911. Conimued. August. September. October. November. Day. Gauge Height Dis- charge. Gauge Height Dis- charge. Gauge : Dis- Height. charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1... Feet. *0.68 ♦0.68 *0.66 *0.67 0.70 0.95 1.50 0.95 0.90 0.88 0.88 0.86 0.80 0.76 0.70 0.70 0.75 0.78 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.90 0.88 0.88 0.90 0.90 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.88 Sec.-ft. 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.2 3.9 12 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.9 0 9 0.9 0.9 1.0 Feet. 0.88 0.88 0 90 0.95 0.98 0.98 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.98 0.98 0 98 0.98 *0 94 Sec.-ft. 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 14 I 3 Feet. Sec.-ft. 0.98 1.7 1.20 2.9 125 32 1.15 2.7 100 1.9 0.94 1.6 0.94 1.6 0.94 16 Feet. 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98 0 98 Sec.-ft. 1.8 2 : 1.8 3 1.8 4 .*. 1.8 5 18 6 . : . 1 8 7 8. . . 9 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.94 0 94 0.94 0.94 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.96 0.96 0.98 0.98 0 98 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 10 11 12 13 14 : 15 16 [ *0.94 1.3 *0 94 1.4 *0.94 1.4 *0.94 1.4 *0.94 ; 1.4 *0.94 ; 1.4 0.98 1.6 0.98 1.6 0.98 1.6 0.06 16 0 96 1 fi 17 18 19 20 21.. . 22 23 25 26.. 27 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 28 r ^. 30 * Water diverted above. Monthly Discharge of Swiftcurrent Creek at Pollock's Ranche, Sask., for 1911. (Drainage area, 16 square miles.) Month. DiscH.\RGE IN Second-Feet. Run-Off. Maximum. Per square Mile. Depth in inches on Drainage Area. Total in .■\cre-Feet. May (4-31) June July August September October November (l-6t The period 2.8 1.8 1.3 3.9 17 3.2 1.8 1.7 1.0 0.5 0.5 10 1.6 l.S 1.980 1.320 0.907 0.903 1.400 1.510 1.800 0.124 0.082 0.057 0 056 0.088 0 094 0.112 0.129 0.092 0.066 0.065 0.098 0.108 0.025 .583 110 79 56 56 83 93 21 498 212 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 AxTON East Ditch near South Fork, Sask. This station was established August 12, 1911, by G. R. Elliott, on the irrigation ditch of J. W. E. Axton, which diverts water from Swiftcurrent Creek on the N.E. J^ Sec. 23, Tp. 7, Rge. 21, \V. 3rd Mer. The gauge is located on the N.E. ]4 Sec. 23, about 40 feet below the intake. The gauge, which is a plain staff, graduated to feet and inches, is on the left side of the ditch. The zero (clev., 97.92) is referred to the top of a plug on the right bank (assumed elev., 100.00). The station is on a uniform cross-section of the ditch which is two feet wide at the bottom with perpendicular sides. No records were obtained at this station during 1911, as the gauge was established after the irrigation season. Axton West Ditch near South Fork, Sask. This station was established ."August 12, 1911, by G. R. Elliott, on the irrigation ditch of J. \V. E. Axton, which diverts water from Swiftcurrent Creek on the N.E. 34 Sec. 23, Tp. 7, Rge. 21, \V. 3rd Mer. The gauge is located on the N.E. J^ Sec. 23, about 33 feet below the intake. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and inches, is on the left side of the ditch. The zero (elev., 98.46) is referred to the top of a plug on the left bank (assumed elev., 100.00). The station is on a uniform cross-section of the ditch, which is three feet wide at the bottom with side slopes of one to one. No records were obtained at this station during 1911, as the gauge was established after the irrigation season. Jones Couxee at Read's Ranche, Sask. This station was established on September 23, 1909, by H. R. Carscallen. It is located on N.E. yi Sec. 5, Tp. 8, Rge. 20, W. 3rd Mer., about 300 yards from the surveyed trail from East End to Gull Lake, and about 42 miles south of Gull Lake. It is about two and a half miles northeast of South Fork post office, and near the mouth of the stream. The channel is straight for 75 feet above and 50 feet below the station. Both banks are high and not liable to overflow. The banks are free from brush except for a little undergrowth on the left bank. The bed of the stream is composed of soft clay with sand underneath. The current is very sluggish and the water comparatively deep at the station, giving rise to a small amount of vegetation. Discharge measurements are made a short distance upstream from the gauge by wading and at verj' low stages a weir is used. The initial point for soundings is a square stake driven close to the ground on the left bank and marked "LP." The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is attached vertically to a post sunk in the bed of the creek at the left bank and securely stayed. It is referred to bench-marks as follows: — (1) a spike-head in the top of the final stake driven close to the ground on the right bank and marked "B.M." (elevation, 8.25 feet above gauge zero); (2) the top of two spikes driven horizontally into the end of a log at the northwest corner of Mr. Read's stable, the log marked "B.M." (elevation 11.46 feet above gauge zero). During 1911, the gauge was read by W. F. Read. Discharge Measurements of Jones Coulee at Read's Ranche, Sask., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. AT«a of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. April 14 . G. H. Whyte do Feet. 18.0 5 5 5.0 5.3 Sq.-fl. 21.72 5.15 5.00 4.96 Ft. per sec. 0.755 0.65S 0.490 0.257 Feet. 4 32 2.14 1.S4 1.84 1.54 Sec.-ft. 16.390 May 4 3.39 June 6 do . . . 2.450 Julyi 7 do 1.260 July' 23 do O.IOl* Aug. 11 G. R. Elliott 0.575« Aug. 29 G. H. WTiyte :::::;:::::!::::::::::: ::;:::::::: 1.66 2.05 0.311* Oct. 5 do 4.6 3.75 0.496 1.860 ♦ Weir measurement. SWIFTCURRENT CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN 215 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Jones Coulee at Read's Ranche, Sask., for 1911. March. April. M ay. June. Ju y. August. Day. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feel. Sec.-fl. Feel. 5.35 5.35 5.35 5.35 5.35 5.30 5.30 5.30 6.40 8.60 5.30 4 00 3.98 3.99 3.98 3 00 3 33 3 33 3.00 2.90 2.90 2.70 2 80 2.80 2.90 3 00 3.20 2.95 2.92 2.30 .Sec.-fl. 26 0 26.0 26 0 26.0 26.0 25.0 23.0 25.0 35.0 55.0 25.0 13.0 13.0 13.0 14.0 6 6 10.0 11.0 9.3 8.3 8.3 6.6 7.4 7.4 8.3 9 2 11.0 8.8 8.5 2.5 Feel. 2 20 2.03 2.01* 2.00 2.00 1.98 1.99 1.99 2.00 2.20 2.00 1.99 1.99 2.00 2.30 2 31 2.00 2.30 2.00 2.00 2.30 2.20 2.30 3.30 2.20 2.10 2.05 2.03 2.02 2.00 1.99 Sec.-fl. 2 8 18 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 19 3.2 2 0 2 0 2.1 2 2 4.3 4.4 2.4 4.5 2.4 2.5 4.7 4.0 4.8 4.9 4.2 3.5 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.0 3 0 Feel. 1.99 1.90 1.97 1.70 1.76 1,76 1 70 l.SO* 1.90* 1.99 1.78 1 71 1.76 1.70 1.70 1.67 1.87 1.89 1.97 2.30 2,34 2,33 2.. 34 2.35 2.37 2.35 2,20 2.18 2.10 2 20 Sec.-fl. 3.1 2.6 3.1 1.6 1.9 2,0 1,6 2,1 2.7 3.2 1.9 1.5 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.3 2.2 2.3 2.7 5.1 5.4 5.2 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.2 4,0 3,8 3.1 3 8 Feel. 2.02 3.01 2.00 2.20 2.20 2.02 2.00 1.98 1.95 1.93 1.91 1.89 1.87 1.83 1.80 1.78 1.79 1.79 1.97 1.87 1.89 1.40 1.37 1.37 1.30 1.25 1.20 1.10 0 90 0 90 0.95 Sec.-fl. 2.5 2.4 2 3 3.6 3.5 2.3 2.1 2.0 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.2 12 1.0 1,1 1,1 1,9 1.4 1.5 0 1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Feel. 0.96 0.98 0.99 1.02 1.10 1.20 1.60 2.00 2.00 1.98 1.97 1.98 1.89 1.78 1.75 1.74 1.73 1.72 1.60 1.55 1.50 1.60 1.65 1.65 1,68 1.70 1.69 1.70 1.69 1.68 Sec.-fl. 0.00 2 0.00 3 0.00 4 0.00 5 0.00 6 0 00 7 0.20 8 1.60 9 1.60 10 1.50 11 1.50 12 1.50 13 1.20 14 0.70 15 0.60 16 0.60 17 0.60 18 0.60 19 0.20 20 0.18 21 0.15 22 0.20 23 0.40 24 0.40 25 0 40 26 0.50 27 0.50 28 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.G IS 18 18 19 0.50 29 0.50 30 0.40 31 * Gauge height interpolated. Note. — No observations of gauge height after September 1st. Monthly Discharge of Jones Coulee at Read's Ranche, Sask., for 1911. (Drainage area. 45 square miles.) Month. Discharge in Second-Feet. Run-Off. Maximum. Minimum I Depth in Mean. | Per square! inches on Total in Mile. I Drainage | Acre-Feet. Area. March (28-31) . April May June July August The period. 19.0 55.0 4.9 5.4 3.6 2.0 18.0 2.5 1.6 1.3 0.0 0.0 18.20 16.50 2.91 3.06 1.27 0.55 0.404 0.367 0.065 0.068 0.028 0.012 0.601 0.401 0.075 0.076 0.032 0.013 1.198 145 982 179 182 78 33 1599 SwiFTCURRENT Creek AT SINCLAIR'S Ranche, Sask. (Upper Station) This station was established June 15, 1910, by R. G. Swan. It is located on the S.E. ^ Sec. 18, Tp. 10, Rge. 19, \V. 3rd Mer., about 150 feet upstream from the mouth of Bone Creek, and about 1200 feet above the lower station, 214 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v.. A. 1SI2 The channel is straight for about 'iM feet above and 150 feet blow the station. Both banks are fairiy high, and covered with a growth of brush. Neither bank will overflow. The bed of the stream is composed of sand, which will shift. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is fixed to a post at the right bank. The zero (elev., 87.91) is referred to a permanent iron bench-mark (assumed clev., 100.00) located HOO feet S 64.5° \V of the gauge. Discharge measurements are made at the station by wading. The initial point for sound- ings is a plug on the left bank about four inches above ground and 45 feet from the gauge. Dur- ing high stages the gauge-heights at this station are affected by back-water from Bono Creek. During 1911, the gauge was read by Geo. A. Mackintosh. Discharge Measurements of Swiftcurrent Creek at Sinclair's Ranche (Upper Station), Sask., in 19U. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. April 15 G. H. Whyte Feet. Sq.-fl. Ft. per sec. Feet. 3.41 0.90 0.64 0 69 0.31 0.41 0.82 Sec.-ft. May 9 do 11.2 8.8 9.0 7.25 4.58 4. 75 1.320 0.926 0.692 9 570 do July 8 do * 3 2- swift below the station. Discharge measurements are made from the upstream side of the bridge during high water. The initial point for soundings is the inner face of the left abutment. Low-water measurements are made near the station by wading. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is attached vertically to the left abutment on the upstream side of the bridge. It is referred to bench marks as follows: ^(1) the head of a spike surrounded by a circle of nail-heads in the top of the stringer on the left abutment at the upstream side of the bridge, marked "B.M." with white paint (elevation, 4.17 feet above the zero of the gauge); (2) the top of the iron pin in the road mound 754 feet north of the bridge on the left bank of the creek (elevation, 5.92 feet above the zero of the gauge). During 1911, the gauge was read by C. L. Lewis. Discharge Measurements of Bone Creek at Lewis' Ranche, Sask., in 1911. Date. 1 Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. April 10 May 1 1 1 1 G. H Whjte. Feel. 12.3 12.3 12.3 12 3 9 0 12.3 12.3 S«.-/l. 25.32 3.70 2.70 2.00 0.80 1.75 3.00 Ft. per sec. 5 103 0.&t3 0.529 0 484 0.783 0.494 0.748 Feel. 2 45 0.40 0.32 0 26 0 14 0 24 0.34 Sec.-fl. 129 220 do 2.380 do 1.430 July 4 do 1.560 July 26 Aug. 25 do 0 642* do 0.987* Oct. 4 . . . ; do 2 230 • Weir measurement. Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Bone Creek at Lewis* Ranche, Sask., for 1911. March. April. May. June. Day, Gauge. Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Dis- Height. charge. Gauge ' Dis- Height. charge. 1 Fat. Sec.-fl. Fetl. 0.86 1.00 1.09 1.09 1.09 1.09 0.70 0 36 2,lSt 2.45 •1.15 1.09 1.09 1.09 0.50 1.25 0.95 0.59 0.70 0.75 0.50 0 49 0.48 0.45 0.47 0.41 0.41 0.42 0.42 0.51 Sec-ft. 18.0 26.0 31.0 31.0 31.0 31.0 10.4 2 2 108.0 126.0 36.0 31 £ 31.0 31.0 4.4 42.0 23.0 6.7 10.4 13.0 4.4 4.2 4.1 3.6 3.9 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.0 4.7 Feet. ! Sec.-fl. 0.39 i 2.5 0.38 , 2.4 0.37 2.3 0.37 2 3 0.37 2.3 0.37 1 2.3 0.38 2.4 0.32 1.8 0.32 . 1.8 Feet. Sec-ft. 0.30 1.6 2 . . 0.30 16 s::::::::::::::::::;::::::::::;:::::::;:::: 0.32 1.8 4... . 0.31 1.7 s::::::::::::::::::::::::::;:::;::::::::::: 0.48 4.1 6 . .... 0.31 0.31 0.32 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.29 0.28 0.27 0.26 0.25 0.23 0.22 1.7 7 1.7 8... 1.8 9 1.6 10 . . . .^ 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.32 0.51 0.52 0.60 0.45 0.44 0.44 0.40 0.34 0.34 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.33 0.34 0.34 0.33 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.8 4.7 4.9 7.0 3.6 3.4 3.4 2.7 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 2,0 2.0 1.9 1.6 Jl 1.6 12 . . 1.5 13 1.5 14.. 1.4 15 1.3 16... . . 1.3 17 1.1 IS 1.0 19 0.50 4.4 20... . 0.45 0.40 0.35 0.30 0.30 0.40 0.38 0.34 0.32 0.33 0.34 3.5 21 .- 2.7 22 2.1 23 1.6 24 1.6 25 1.10 0.70 0.80 0.60 1.15 0.69 0.59 32.0 10.4 15.0 7.0 36.0 10.1 6.7 2.7 26 2.4 27 2.0 28 1.8 29 ; 1.9 30 2.0 31 V SWIFTCURRENT CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN 217 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Bone Creek at Lewis' Ranche, Sask., for 1911. — Con. July. August. September. October. November, Day. Gauge Height Dis- charge. Gauge Height Dis- charge . Gauge Height Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 0.40 0.40 0.35 0.30 0.27 0.25 0.24 0.24 0.27 0.25 0.25 0.27 0.26 0.25 0.24 0.29 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.26 0.25 0.24 0.25 0.25 0.24 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.25 0.24 Sec.-fl. 2.7 2.7 2.1 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.2 1.2 Feet. 0.25 0.25 0.28 0.28 0.29 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.27 0.29 0.27 0.28 0.26 0.22 0.25 0 26 0.25 0.19 0.19 0 20 0,21 0.22 0.22 0.26 0.25 0.27 0.25 0.26 0.26 0.25 0.24 Secft. 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.2 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.0 10 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 Feet. 0.24 0.24 0.25 0 30 0 50 0.70 0 60 0.55 0.30 0.31 0.30 0 40 0.55 0.26 0.25 0.25 0.33 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.32 0.35 0.36 0.35 0.33 0.33 0.31 0.32 0.31 0.31 Sec.-ft. 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.6 4.4 10.4 7.0 5.7 1.6 1.7 1.6 2.7 5.7 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.9 1.6 1.6 •1.6 l.S 2.1 2.2 2.1 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.7 Feel. 0.30 0.31 0.40 0.31 0.31 0 30 0 29 0.31 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.29 0.30 0.31 0.32 0.30 0.30 0.30 0 30 0.27 0.25 0.25 0.27 0.30 0.27 0.25 0.25 0.25 Sec.-fl. 1.6 1.7 2.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 16 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.4 12 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.2 Feet. 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.25 0.25 0.25 0,50 0.55 0.65 0.68 Sec.-ft. 1.2 2 1.2 3 1.2 4 1.2 5 1.2 6 1 .3 7 1.3 8 1.3 9 1.2 10 1.2 11 1.2 12 13 14 . . 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 27 29 30 31 ... a Stream frozen after this date, t Water rose and ice went out. * Ice all out. Monthly Discharge of Bone Creek at Lewis' Ranche, Sask., for 1911. (Drainage area, 17 square miles.) Month. Discharge in Second-Feet. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square Mile. Riw-Ofp. Depth in inches on Total in Drainage ' Acre-Feet. Area. | March (25-31) . April May June July August September October November The period. 36.0 126.0 7.0 4.4 2.7 1,6 10.4 2.7 1.3 6.7 2.2 1.8 1.0 0.9 O.S 1.2 1.2 1.2 16.70 22.70 2.54 1.95 1.29 1.26 2.51 1.57 1.23 0.982 1.34 0.149 0.115 0.076 0.074 0.148 0.092 0.072 0.256 1.500 0.172 0 128 0.088 0,085 0.165 0.106 0.029 2.529 232 1351 156 116 79 77 149 96 27 2283 SwiFTCURRENT Creek AT SINCLAIR'S Ranche (Lower Station) Sask. This station was established on May 27, 1910, by H. R. Carscallen. It is located in the S.W. 14 Sec. 17, Tp. 10, Rge, 19, W, 3rd Mer., at the highway bridge on the surveyed trail from East End to Gull Lake, and just below the mouth of Bone Creek, 218 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 The channel is straight for 75 feet above and 20 feet below the station. The left bank has a gradual slope, is high and well wooded. The right bank rises abruptly. It is also high and well wooded. The stream-bed is sandy in character, free from vegetation and liable to shift at high water. The current at this point is sluggish. Discharge measurements are made from the downstream side of the bridge. The initial point for soundings is the inner face of the left abutment. Low-water measurements are made by wading, 100 feet upstream. The gauge is of the standard chain type. The box is nailed securely to the downstream side of the floor of the bridge. The length of chain from bottom of weight to marker is 21.2 feet The zero (elev., 84.83) is referred to a permanent iron bench-mark (assumed elev., 100.00) located on the right bank 600 feet upstream from the bridge. During 1911, the gauge was read by George A. Mackintosh. Discharge Measurements of Swiftcurrent Creek at Sinclair's Ranche (Lower Station), Sask., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. ! Discharge. April IS G. H. WTiyte do Feel. 22.0 28.0 17.0 16.0 17.1 Sq.-fl. 70 90 28.84 » 28.15 24 30 6 57 8.04 25.39 Ft. per sec. 1.690 1.179 0.827 0.630 0.685 0.859 1.114 Feet. 5 43 3 53 3.32 3 22 2 57 2 78 3.47 _Sec.-fl. 120 05 May 9 . . . 1 33 95 do 23 28 July 8 do 15 37 July 29 do 4.50 Aug. 30 .'.'. do . . .* 6.88 Oct 6 do 17.6 28 33 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Swiftcurrent Creek at Sinclair's Ranche (Lower Station), Sask., for 1911. May. June. Ju ly. August. September. October. T>\\: Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height Dis- charge. Gauge Height Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height Dis- charge. Gauge Height Dis- charge. 1 . . « Feet. Sec.-fl. Feel. 3.28 3.24 3.24 3.25 3.26 3.25 3.23 3.22 3.19 3.08 3.01 2.94 2.15 2,S4 2.83 2 80 2.76 2.74 2.73 2.84 3.84 3.74 3.72 3.68 3.70 3.76 3.74 3.54 3.48 3.47 Sec.-fl. 22.0 20.0 20 0 20.0 21.0 20.0 20.0 19 0 18 0 15 0 13.0 11.0 9.0 8.8 8 6 7.9 7.2 6.8 6.6 8.8 45.0 40.0 40.0 38.0 39.0 41,0 40.0 32.0 29.0 29.0 Feel. 3 69 3 78 3 74 . 3 73 3 58 3.44 3 41 3 31 3 31 3 22 3.19 3.14 3 OS 3 02 2.94 2.86 2.90 2.95 2. 98 2 96 2.95 2 95 2. 98 2 97 2.72 2.71 2 68 2.63 2.57 2.58 2 64 Sec.-fl. 38.0 42.0 40.0 40 0 33.0 28.0 26.0 25.0 23 0 19 0 18.0 17.0 15.0 13.0 11.0 9 2 10.0 11.0 12 0 12.0 11.0 11 0 12.0 12 0 6.5 6.3 5.8 5.1 4.3 4,5 5.3 Feel. 2.64 2.61 2.59 2.60 2.73 2.81 2.93 3.13 3.08 3.06 3.03 3.35 3 54 3 69 3.70 3.59 2.97 2.6S 2 61 2.54 2.65 2.76 2 75 2 75 2 79 2 84 2.80 2 79 2 77 2.77 2 75 Sec.-fl. 5.3 4.8 4.6 4.7 6.5 8.1 11.0 17 0 15.0 14.0 14.0 24.0 32.0 38 0 39.0 34.0 12.0 5.8 4 8 4 0 5.4 7 2 7 0 7.0 7.7 8.8 7.9 7.7 7 3 7 3 7.0 Feel. 2.70 2.64 2 04 2 90 3.50 4.50 4.34 5 01 4.70 4 05 3.60 3.41 3 28 3 24 3.20 3.19 3.19 3.21 3.21 3.20 3.21 3.25 3.33 3.33 3.32 3.31 3.30 3.29 3.29 3,28 Sec.-fl. 6.1 5.3 5 3 10 0 30 0 76.0 93.0 101 0 86 0 55 0 34 0 26. 0 22.0 20 0 19.0 18.0 18.0 19.0 19 0 19 0 19.0 20.0 23 0 23.0 23 0 23.0 22.0 22 0 22 0 22 0 Feel. 3.28 3.29 3 38 3 44 3.43 3.43 3.41 3.38 3.35 3.30 3.28 3.26 3.21 3.19 3 17 3.16 3.16 3 19 3.26 3 34 3.33 3.33 3.33 3.34 3.40 3.51 3.60 3.71 3.77 .S.79 3 82 Sec.-fl. 22.0 2 22 0 3 . . . . 25.0 4 28.0 5 27.0 6 27.0 7 26.0 8 25.0 9 24.0 10 22.0 11 22.0 12 3.54 3.54 3.58 3 61 3.89 4 04 3 98 3 94 3 75 3.60 3 59 3.58 3.63 3.68 3.71 3.69 3 70 3.68 3.50 3.35 32.0 32 0 33 0 35.0 47.0 54.0 51 0 50.0 41 0 34.0 34.0 33.0 36 0 38 0 39.0 38.0 39.0 38.0 30.0 24 0 21.0 13 ■ .... 19.0 14 18.0 15 . . . 18.0 16 17.0 17 . 17.0 18 18.0 19 21.0 20 24 0 21 23 0 22 23.0 23 23.0 24 24.0 25 26.0 26 31.0 27 34.0 28 39.0 29 42.0 30 43.0 31 44.0 SWIFTCURREXT CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN 219 SESSIONAL P.4PER No. 25d Monthly Discharge of Swiftcurrent Creek at Sinclair's Ranche (Lower Station), Sask., for 1911. (Drainage area, 365 sauare miles.) DlSCH.\RGE IN SeCOSD-FEET. Run-Off. Month. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square Mile. Depth in inches on Drainage -Area. Total in Acre-Feet. May (12-31) June .' 54.0 45 0 42.0 39.0 101.0 44.0 24.0 6.6 4.3 4.0 5.3 17.0 37.9 21.9 17.0 12.2 30.0 25.6 0.104 0.060 0.047 0.033 0.082 0.07 0.077 0.067 0.054 0.038 0.091 0 081 1.503 1303 July August September October 1045 750 1785 1574 The period. .408 Swiftcurrent Creek \t Swift Current, Sask. This station was established .\pril 30, 1910, by H. R. Carscallen. It is located at the traffic bridge on the north side of the C.P.R. tracks in the town of Swift Current on S.W. 3<4Sec. 30, Tp. 15, Rge. 13, \V. 3rd Mer. The channel cur\es slightly, but is almost straight for about 300 feet above the station and is straight for about 300 feet below. The right bank is rather low with a gradual slope; the left bank is high. Both banks are clear of brush and undergrowth, and are not liable to overflow. The bed of the stream is sandy, with a few large stones, and is liable to shift at high stages. Weeds in the cross-section make it difficult to make discharge measurements during low stages of the stream, when the current is sluggish. During ordinan,- stages, discharge measurements are made from the downstream side of the bridge, but at low stages they are made by wading near the bridge. The initial point for soundings is the inner face of the row of piles at end of the south approach. The gauge is a pjain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, spiked vertically to the inside face of the left abutment of the bridge. The zero of the gauge (elev., 85.71) is referred to a permanent iron bench-mark (assumed elev., 100.00) situated eight feet east of the south approach of the bridge. The sur\ey did not obtain sufficient data during 1910, to plot a gauge-height discharge cur\-e, and the records for 1910 are therefore published in this report. During 1910 and 1911, the gauge was read by C. E. Wesley, who lives within 200 yards of the bridge. Discharge Measurements of Swiftcurrent Creek at Swift Current, Sask., in 1910-11. Date. Hydrographer. Width. .Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. 1910 April 30 H. R. Carscallen.. Mav 25 P. M. Sauder June 6 1 G. H. Whvte June 23 R. G. Swan. July 21. Aug. 11 Sept. 1 Oct. 1 Oct. 29 1911. Mar. 27. April 25. May 22. June 6. July 4. Sept. 5. Oct. 25. do do do do do G. H. Whyte.. W. H. Greene. May 4 J.C.Keith do do do do do Feet. 67.8 43 5 42 0 42 0 38.0 39 0 39 0 41 0 42 0 85.0 74.1 71.5 70.5 70.0 71 0 29.0 70.0 Sq.-/I. 73.84 34.29 30.91 29.88 23.43 23 02 24.37 29.63 32.16 263.50 123.18 89.92 74.93 76.98 81.47 17.12 40.0 Ft. per sec. 0.581 0.962 0.774 0.726 0.260 0.318 0.400 0.548 0.731 2.113 1.520 1.090 0.840 0.700 0.610 1.060 0.400 1.600 1.600 1.500 1.600 1.390 1.460 1.400 1.380 1.470 6.420 2.340 1.870 1.700 1.740 1.825 1.430 1.290 Sec.-fl. 42.92 32.99* 23.93* 21.69* 6.10* 7.32* 9.74* 16.27* 23.51* 557. 36t 187.18 97.48 63.33 53.80 50.09 18.23* 15.99 * Measurement made upstream from regular station, t Ice in stream. No. 25d— 8 220 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Swiftcurrent Creek at Swift Current, Sask., for 1910. Day. May. June. Gauge Height Dis- charge Gauge Height, Dis- charge July. Gauge Height Dis- charge. August. Gauge Height. Dis- charge September. Gauce Height. Dis- charge. October. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Feel. 1 60 1.57 1.57 1 .55 1.55 1 55 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.35 1 55 1.55 1.55 1.60 1.60 1.70 1 60 1.65 1.75 1.90 1.70 1.70 1,65 1.60 1.55 1.55 1 .55 1.55 1..55 1.55 Sec.-fl. 4-1 40 40 36 36 36 35 35 34 34 34 33 32 32 38 37 48 36 42 54 76 46 46 40 32 28 28 28 28 28 28 Feel. 1 50 1 50 1 55 1.55 1 60 1 50 1 M 1..50 1,50 1,55 1 ,50 1.50 1,45 1 45 1 55 1.50 1.60 1.70 1.60 1.65 1 60 1.60 1.55 1.60 1 55 1,55 1,50 1,50 1.50 1,50 5«.-/(. 23 23 28 28 34 24 23 22 22 26 20 19 13 12 17 26 36 24 29 23 23 17 22 17 17 13 13 13 14 Feet. 1,50 1,45 1,60 1,50 1.55 1.50 1.70 1.80 1.55 1.59 1.65 1,55 1 65 1,60 1 53 1.55 1.50 1 .50 1,45 1,45 1.40 1.35 1,40 1 40 1,40 1.45 1.40 1 33 1,33 1,35 1.30 Sec.-ft. 14 9 24 14 19 14 36 25 20 24 32 21 32 IS 22 22 18 18 12 12 8 4 8 11 7 2 2 2 0.0 Feel. 1,25 1,25 1 25 1,20 1,20 1 .30 1 40 1.10 1.50 1.50 1.50 1,50 1,40 1 35 1 40 1,40 1,55 1 50 1.43 1.40 1 40 1 40 1 35 1.50 1.55 1 50 1 50 1 45 1.40 1 40 1.40 Sec.-fl. 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 13 13 13 13 3 1 4 4 20 16 11 7 S 8 3 18 23 19 19 14 9 9 9 Feel. 1.40 1 50 1.45 1.50 1.50 1.55 1 80 1.80 1.55 1.55 1.55 1 55 1/55 1.55 1.50 1.45 1.42 1.40 1.40 1,35 1,35 1 .30 1.30 1,30 1,35 1 30 1 30 1 30 1 30 1 35 Sec.-fl. 10 20 15 20 20 28 33 33 28 28 28 29 29 30 24 20 17 15 16 11 11 8 8 8 12 8 8 8 8 14 Feel. 1,35 1.35 1 40 1 35 1.35 1.35 1.35 1 35 1 35 1 35 1.35 1.S5 1.35 1.35 1.35 1 35 1 35 1 35 1.33 1 35 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35 1 35 1.55 1.40 1.40 1.40 Sec.-fl. 14 14 19 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 13 13 13 13 13 12 12 12 12 12 12 11 34 IS 18 17 SWIFTCURRENT CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN 221 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 23d Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Swiftcurrent Creek at Swift Current, Sask., for 1911. Day. March. April. I Gauge Dis- Gauge 'Height, charge, charge Dis- Height. May. June. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge ! Dis- Height. charge. 1 '. . . . 2 ...... 3 ;.::::::::::;::::::.. !.::... 4 5 6 '. 7 8... . 9 10 . 11 j 12 .... 13 ' 14 r 15 16 17 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. Feet. Sec.-fl. Feet. 4.8 5.0 5.0 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 4.5 4.1 3.9 4.2 4.4 5.0 4.8 3.8 3.1 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.7 6.42 6.40 6.10 5.. SO 5.00 558 600 568 400 365 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1 Sec.-ft. Feet. 360 460 505 580 625 675 725 608 548 538 672 728 896 810 562 376 350 350 298 272 272 248 224 200 178 136 157 157 136 136 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 Sec.-ft. Feel. Sec.-ft 117 117 99 99 99 99 82 82 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 82 82 78 61 60 59 58 71 70 69 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1-6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 S3 52 52 38 50 49 48 47 46 46 45 32 31 30 30 29 18 18 7 7 16 16 26 25 64 79 62 62 61 61 222 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Swiftcurrent Creek at Swift Current, Sask., for 1911. — Continued. Day. July. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. August. September. Gauge Height Dis- 1 Gauge charge . \ Height. Dis- charge . October. Gauge I Dis- Height, charge. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. Feel. 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 1 7 1.6 15 1.5 14 1.5 1.5 1.5 ■1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 1,4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 13 1.3 Sec.-fl. 61 60 60 47 60 48 62 48 49 50 38 38 26 16 16 7 17 17 18 18 18 8 IS 18 9 Feet. 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.6 16 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 Sec.-fl. 3 4 4 4 4 4 11 32 32 32 22 22 22 22 34 23 23 23 23 13 13 13 13 13 14 24 14 14 14 14 14 Feet. 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.7 2.1 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 Sec.-ft. 14 14 14 14 15 15 38 38 52 116 136 137 118 82 68 54 54 40 40 29 59 42 42 42 43 31 31 31 44 44 Feel. 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6 •1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 Sec.-ft. 44 32 45 45 46 34 34 34 35 35 36 36 36 23 25 25 26 26 38 38 39 27 27 39 28 17 17 17 28 28 28 Monthly Discharge of Swiftcurrent Creek at Swift Current, Sask., for 1910-11. (Drainage area, 1015 square miles.) Month. Discharge in Second-Feet. Maximum.! Minimum. Mean. Per square Mile. Run-Off. Depth i n inches on Drainage Area. Total in Acre-Feet. 1910 May. . . June. . . July. August September. October — The period. 76 36 36 23 33 34 28 0 12 0 0 0 0 0 8.0 11.0 37.50 21.40 15.00 8.55 18.20 14.50 0 037 0 021 0.015 0.008 0.018 0.014 0 043 0 023 0.017 0.009 0 020 0 016 .128 2300 1273 922 526 1083 892 7002 1911 March (27-31) 600 896 117 79 62 34 137 46 365 136 58 7 3 3 14 17 498 0 427.0 76.1 40.0 27.8 16.7 4S.9 31.9 0 491 0 421 0 075 0 0.39 0,027 0 016 0.048 0.031 0 091 0.470 0 086 0 044 0.031 0.018 0 054 0.036 4939 April 25408 May 4679 June 2.380 July ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1709 August 1027 September October 2910 1962 The period . . .830 45014 ANTELOPE LAKE DRAINAGE BASIN 223 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Miscellaneous Discharge Measurements of Swiftcurrent Creek Drainage Basin, in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Stream. Location. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Discharge. . G.R.Elliott.... do do . F.T.Fletcher... do A Coulee do do Spring Creek do Sec. 21-7-21-3- . . Feet. Sq. Feet. Feel per Sec. Sec.-Ft. 1.153 • Aug. 12 do Sec. 8-7-21-3 . . . Nil Aug. 12.... Nil. Aug. I. N.W. 34-8-22-3. N.E. 33-8-22-3. 0 411 « Aug. 1 0 575 • * Weir measurement. .•\XTELOPE L.\KE DR.AIN.\GE B.\SIX. General Description. Antelope Lake is a small body of saline water, six miles long, and from one to one and a half miles wide, at an elevation of "2300 feet above sea-level. It lies in a deep depression north of the main line of the Canadian Pacific Railway, in Tp. 1.5, Rge. 18, \V. 3rd Mer., and drains an area of about 350 square miles. The lake receives its supply from Bridge Creek, which rises in the Cypress Hills. The altitude of the source of this creek is '2800 feet and it has an average fall of 15 feet per mile. The valley traversed by Bridge Creek is narrow and quite shallow, rarely exceeding 100 feet in depth. The land lying along the creek bottom is verj- flat and liable to become inundated during periods of flood. The bench-land is rolling prairie, cut up by innumerable coulees which ■drain the surrounding country into the main valley. The mean annual rainfall amounts to about 1-1 inches, most of which occurs during May, June and July. The creek has only a small flow, and is dr>' along most of its course for several months during the year. A number of irrigation schemes receive their supply from this basin. The largest of these are Moorhead and Fearon's works, which divert water from Bridge Creek in Sec. 33, Tp. 10, Rge. 22, \V. 3rd Mer. Bridge Creek near Doyle's Ranche, Sask. This station was established April 8, 1911, by G. H. Whyte, to obtain the discharge of Bridge Creek above Pearon and Moorhead's irrigation ditch. It is located on S.E. }4 Sec. 33, Tp. 10, Rge. 22, W. 3rd Mer., and about 400 yards upstream from the head-gate of the ditch and some two miles from Skull Creek post office. The channel is straight for about 30 feet above and below the station. The right bank is low and co\'ered with small shrubs, while the left is high and clear of tree growth. The bed of the stream is sandy and shifts. The current is moderate at all stages. The gauge, which is read by Thos. Doyle, is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, placed at the left side of the channel and referred to bench marks as follows: — (1) a spike in the top of the initial-point stake driven close to the ground on the left bank (elevation 8.26 above zero of the gauge); (2) a spike on the top of a plug driven close to the ground, 56 feet N 62° W of the rod (elevation 7.9-4 above the zero of the gauge). Discharge measurements are made at the gauge by wading or during high stages at the government bridge three miles below. During most of the season, however, measurements are made with a weir at or near the gauge. The initial point for sounding is a plug driven close to the ground on the left bank, and a tagged wire is strung across the stream to mark the regular section. 224 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911. 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 Discharge Measurements of Bridge Creek near Doyle's Ranchc, Sask., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. G. H. Whyte Feel. 3.2 6.9 Sq.-fl. 2.27 4 33 Ft. per sec. Feet. Sec.-ft. 3.3400t April 29 n .^2S n Qi June 2 do 0.74 0.70 0 3120* June 29 do July 6 G. R. Elliott 0 3280* July 21 G. H. Whyte. 1 0.67 0.66 0 74 0 ''350* Aug. 24 do i 0 1750* Sept. 30 do t Ice in stream. * Weir measurement. Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Bridge Creek near Doyle's Ranche, Sask., for 1911. April. May. June. Day. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- Gauge charge.; Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. 1.00 0.93 0.85 0.80 0.75 0.75 0.80 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.80 0.75 0.75 0.80 0.75 0.80 0.80 0.78 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.94 0.90 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.84 0.80 0.80 0.75 Sec.-ft. 1.80 1.40 0.84 0.5S 0.41 0.41 0.58 0.41 0 41 0.41 0.58 0.41 0.41 0.58 0.41 0.58 0.58 0.51 0 41 0.41 0 41 0.41 1.40 1.10 0.84 0.84 0.84 0.79 0.58 0.58 0.41 Feet. 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.78 0.75 0.75 0.74 0.73 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.67 0.67 0.64 0.64 0 62 0.62 0.62 0.75 0.80 0.78 0.76 0.75 0.80 0.80 0.72 0.70 0.70 0.95 Sec.-ft. 0 41 2 0.41 3 0 41 4 1 0.41 5 0 51 6 0.41 7 ■ 0 41 8 0 38 9 0 34 10 0.24 11 0 24 12 0.24 13 0 19 14 0.19 15 0 14 16 0.14 17 0 11 18 0.11 19:....: .. :.:.:.:.:.:.:.: ::::::::::: 0 11 20 0.41 21 ! 0.58 22 0.51 23 0.44 24 0.41 25 0.58 26 0.58 27 0.31 28 0.24 29 0.95 0.90 1.4 1.1 0.24 30 1.40 31 ANTELOPE LAKE DRAINAGE BASIN 225 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Bridge Creek near Doyle's Ranche, Sask., for 1911.- Continued. July. August. September. October. Day. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge 1 Dis- Height.; charge. i Gauge Dis- Height. charge. 1 . . Feet. 0.80 0.95 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.80 0.78 0 75 0 75 0 75 0.72 0.72 0.72 0.70 0.67 0.65 0.70 0.70 Sec-ft. 0.58 1.4 0.84 0.84 0.84 0.58 0.51 0.41 0 41 0.41 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.24 0.19 0 16 0 24 0 24 Fett. 0.59 0.58 0.58 0.60 0.65 0.65 0.80 0.80 0.85 0.82 0 80 0.75 0.75 0"70 0.70 0 65 0 65 0.65 0 60 0.62 0 63 0 65 0.65 0.66 0.66 0.66 0.67 0.67 0 66 0 67 0.66 Sec.-fl. 0.07 0 07 0 07 0 08 0.16 0.16 0 58 0.58 0.84 0.68 0.58 0.41 0 41 0.24 0.24 0.16 0.16 0 16 0 08 on 0 13 0 16 0 16 0.18 0.18 0 18 0.19 0 19 0 18 0 19 0.18 Feet. 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.75 0.75 0.95 0.95 0.85 0.80 0.75 0 75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0 75 0.75 Sec-ft. 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.41 0.41 1.4 1.4 0.84 0.58 0.41 0 41 0 41 0.41 0.41 0.41 0.41 0.41 0.41 Feet. Sec.-fl. 0.75 0.41 2 0.75 ' 0.41 3 0.78 0.51 4 0.75 0.41 0.75 I 0.41 6 0.75 i 0.41 7 0.75 0.41 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.76 0.76 0.41 0.41 0.41 0.41 0.41 0.41 0.41 0.41 0 41 0.41 0.41 19 . 0.67 0.19 0.65 ! 0.16 0.64 ! 0.14 0.62 1 0 11 0.62 0.11 0.62 0.11 0.62 0.11 0 60 , 0 08 0,60 t 0 OS 0.60 0 08 0.60 0 08 0.60 0.08 0.60 0.08 0.73 1 0.34 0.73 0.34 0.44 20 0.44 21 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0 75 0 75 0.70 0.70 0.75 0.41 0.41 0.41 0.41 0.41 0.41 0.41 0.24 0.24 0.41 0.75 1 0.41 22 0.76 0.76 0.76 0 44 23 0.44 24 0.44 25 _ 26 28 30 . ' Monthly Discharge of Bridge Creek near Doyle's Ranche, Sask., for 1911. (Drainage area. 6 square miles.) Discharge in Second-Feet. Run-Oct. Month. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square Mile. Depth in ' inches on Total in Drainage .\cre-Feet. Area. April (29-30). ... 1.40 1 1.10 1.80 1 0.41 1.40 1 0.11 1.40 0.08 0.84 0.07 1.40 0.16 0.51 1 0.41 1.250 0.658 0.370 0.330 0.250 0.455 0.420 0.208 0 109 0 062 0 055 0 042 0 076 0.070 0 016 ' 5 0.126 1 40 0.069 22 July 0 063 20 August 0.048 , 15 0.085 1 27 October (1-24) 0.062 20 .469 149 226 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v.. A. 1912 Fearon and Moorhead Bridge Creek Ditch near Skull Creek, Sask. This station was established July 6, 1911, by C. R. Elliott, on Messrs. Fearon and Moor- head's irrigation ditch, which diverts water from Bridge Creek on the S.E. H Sec. 33. To. 10 Rgc. 22, W. 3rd Mcr. The gauge is located on S.E. H Sec. 33, and is about 25 feet from the intake. It is a plain staff graduated into feet and inches, and is on the left bank of the ditch. The zero (elev., 95.37) is referred to a small nail on the left side of the head-gate marked "B.M." (assumed elev., 100.00). The station is at a uniform cross-section of the ditch, which is three feet wide at the bottom with side slopes of two to one. As the rod was established late in the season, no records of the flow were obtained. Con- siderable water was diverted through this ditch earlier in the season. Bridge Creek near Skiill Creek, S.\sk. This station was established July 29, 1909, by H. R. Carscallen. It is located at the high- way bridge on the surveyed trail running eastward from Maple Creek on the N.E. )- dr>' years such as 1910, Skull Creek goes dry for a short time. The mean annual precipitation in the drainage basin is about 13 inches. There are several small irrigation ditches in this drainage basin, the largest of which is Moorhead and Fearon's ditch, which diverts water from Skull Creek on the N.E. \^ Sec. 29, Tp. 10, Rge. 22, W. 3rd Mer. Sklxl Creek at Doyle's Ranche. This station was established April 8, 1911, by G. H. Whyte, to obtain the discharge of the stream above all ditches. It is located on the N.E. M Sec. 29, Tp. 10, Rge. 22, \V. 3rd Mer., about one-quarter of a mile above the head-gate of Fearon and Moorhead's irrigation ditch, one and a half miles above Skull Creek post office, and half a mile upstream from Thos. Doyle's house. The channel is straight for about twenty feet above and below the station. The right bank is high, while the left is low and liable to overflow during high-water stages. Both banks are well wooded. The bed is composed of sand and gravel, which may shift during high water. The current is fairly swift. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is fixed to a post at the right bank. The zero (elev., 87.20) is referred to a permanent iron bench-mark (assumed elev., 100.00), located 350 feet N 32° E of the gauge. Discharge measurements are made at low and ordinary* stages by wading or with a weir. At high stages, measurements are made from the traffic bridge at the lower station, which is three miles downstream. The gauge was read by Mr. Thomas Doyle. Discharge Measurements of Skull Creek at Doyle's Ranche, Sask., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. -■^rea of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. April 9 .. G. H. Whyte Feet. 15.4 15.4 8.9 11.0 Sq.-ft. 18 IS 10.31 5.08 3.47 Ft. per sec. 2.788 0.869 0.594 0.562 Feet. 1.965 0.980 0.740 0.750 0.700 0.650 0.730 0.780 Sec.-ft. 50.700 April 29 do 8 960 June 2 do 3 020 June 29 do 1.95 July 21 do 0.985 July 25 do 0.736 Aug. 24 do 0.837 Oct. 1 do io.o 3.27 0.633 2.070 LAKE OF THE NARROWS DRAINAGE BASIN 231 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Skull Creek at Doyle's Ranche, Sask., for 1911. AprU. May. June. Day. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge' Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feel. Sec-ft. Feet. 0.95 0.90 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.80 0.85 O.SO 0.S5 O.SO 0.75 0.80 0.75 0.90 0.85 0.90 0.80 0.80 0.85 0.80 0.78 0.76 0.94 0.90 0.87 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.80 0.80 0.78 Sec.-fl. 8.0 6.3 4.8 4.9 5.0 3.6 5.1 3.6 5.2 3.8 2.6 3.9 2.7 7.3 5.6 7.4 4.2 4.2 6.8 4.3 3.9 3.3 9.3 7.9 7.8 7.2 7.2 7.2 4.6 4.6 4.1 Feel. 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.80 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.73 0.73 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.67 0.66 0.66 0.65 0.65 0.75 0.80 0.75 0.67 0.67 0.75 0.80 0.72 0.70 0.70 0.90 Sec.-fl. 3.3 o 3.3 3 3.3 4 . 3.2 5 4,5 6 i 3.1 7 3.1 8 al.lO 1.25 2.25 1.20 1.05 0.95 1.15 1.00 1.75 1.65 1.70 1.25 1.10 1.15 1.25 1.00 0.95 1.00 0.95 0.95 0.90 0.95 0.95 14.0 20.0 62.0 18.0 12.0 7.8 16.0 9.7 41.0 37.0 39.0 20.0 14.0 16.0 20.0 9.7 7.8 9.7 7.8 7.8 6.0 7.8 8.0 3.0 9 3.0 10 2.4 11 2.4 12 1.7 13 1.7 14 1.6 15 1 0 16 0.8 17 0 8 18 0.7 19 0 7 20 2.4 21 ; 3 6 22 2.3 0 8 24 0.8 25 2 2 26 S^ 2?: : 1 4 28 1 0 29 1 0 30 6 0 232 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Skull Creek at Doyle's Ranche, Sask., for 1911. — Con. Day. July: August. Gauge Dis- Gauge Dis- Height. charge . Height. charge , Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec-fl. 0.85 4.6 0.65 0.4 0.95 7.8 0.65 0,4 0.85 4.6 0,65 0 4 0.85 4.6 0 65 0,4 0.85 4.6 0,70 0,9 0.80 3.1 0.75 1.8 0.76 2.3 0.75 1.7 0.73 1.6 0.82 3.3 0.75 2.0 0.80 2.6 0.75 2.0 0.80 2.6 0.72 1.4 0.75 1.6 0.72 1.4 0.75 1.6 0.70 1.0 0 75 1.6 0.70 1.0 0.73 1.2 0.73 1.6 0.70 0.7 0.75 2.0 0,70 0.7 0.75 2.0 0 70 0.7 0.72 1.4 0,70 0.0 0.72 1.4 0.72 0.9 0.72 1.4 0.72 0.8 0.70 1.0 0.72 0.8 0.70 1.0 0.72 0.8 0.68 0.8 0.73 0.9 0,68 0.8 0.73 0.9 0.66 0.6 0.73 1.0 0.65 0.5 0.75 1.3 0.65 0.5 0 76 1.5 0 63 0.4 0.75 1..3 0.63 0.4 0,75 1.3 0 64 0.4 0.75 1,3 0.65 0.4 0,76 1.5 September. Gauge j Dis- Height. charge. October. Gauge Height Dis- charge. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 21. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. Feel. 1.00 1.00 0.90 0,90 0.85 0.80 0.80 0,80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0 82 0.82 0.82 0.82 0.83 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.83 0.80 0,80 0,80 0,80 Sec.-ft. 8.5 8.5 5.0 5.0 3 6 2 3 2.3 2,3 2.3 2,3 2,3 2,8 2.8 2,8 2.8 3.0 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.0 2 3 2.3 2.3 2.3 Feet. 0.78 0.78 0.78 0.78 0.78 0.78 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.78 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.85 0.85 0.86 0.86 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.88 Sec.-ft. 1.9 1.9 1 9 19 1.9 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 .b... a Sta. established. b Stream frozen over. Monthly Discharge of Skull Creek at Doyle's Ranche, Sask., for 1911. (Drainage area, 20 square miles.) Month. Discharge in Secokd-Feet. Maximum. Minimum Mean. Per square Mile. Run-Off. Depth in i inches on ■ Total in Drainage I Acre-Feet. Area. \ April (8-30) . . . May June July August September October (1-24). The period.. . . 6.2 9.3 6.0 7,8 3,3 8,5 4.4 6,0 2.6 0,7 0,4 0,4 11 1.9 17.90 5 33 2 28 1,89 1 21 3.22 2.77 0.895 0.266 0.114 0.094 0.065 0.161 0.138 0.766 0.307 0.127 0.108 0.075 0.180 0.123 1.686 815 328 136 116 74 192 132 1793 Fearon and Moorhead Skull Creek Ditch, near Skull Creek, Sask. This station was established July 6, 1911, by G. R. Elliott, on Messrs. Fearon and Moor- head's ditch, which diverts water from Skull Creek on the N.E. }i Sec. 29, Tp. 10, Rge. 22, W. 3rd Mer. The gauge is located on the N.E. }i Sec. 29, and is about ninety feet from the intake. It is a plain staff graduated into feet and inches, and is on the right bank of the ditch. The zero LAKE OF THE NARROWS DRAINAGE BASIN SESSIONAL PAPER No. 23d 233 (elev., 90.86) is referred to a permanent iron bench-mark (assumed elev., 100.00), located ISO feet S 25' E. The station is at a uniform cross-section of the ditch, which is five feet wide at the bottom with side slopes of one to one. As the gauge was not established until late in the season, no gauge-height observations were, obtained. Considerable water was diverted through this ditch earlier in the season. Discharge Measurements of Fearon and Moorhead Skull Creek Ditch near Skull Creek, Sask., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. Sq.-fl. Ft. per sec. July 6 1 G. R. Elliott. . Aug. 22 ■ G. H. Whyte.. Inches. Sec.-fl. 0.239* NU. * Weir measurement. Fearon and Moorhe.ad Main Ditch near Skull Creek, Sask. This station was established July 4, 1911, by G. R. Elliott, on Messrs. Fearon and Moorhead's main irrigation ditch, which diverts water from Skull and Bridge Creeks. The two branches join on the N.E. h Sec. 33, Tp. 10, Rge. 22, \V. 3rd Men The gauge is located on the flume on the X.E. }i Sec. 33 and about 75 feet from the junction of the two branches of the ditch. It is a plain staff graduated to feet and inches, and is nailed at the centre of the right side of the flume. The zero (elev., 89.19) is referred to the top of a rock (assumed elev., 100.00), situated 140 feet northeast of the flume and on the right side of the ditch. The flume is constructed of timber and has a bottom width of eight feet, with sides two feet in height. As the gauge was established late in the irrigation season, no observations of gauge-height were obtained. Discharge Measurements of Fearon and Moorhead Main Ditch near Skull Creek, Sask., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean \ Gauge Discharge. Velocity. Height. June 2 Feet. G. H. Whyte ' 5 4 Sq.-fl. 2.55 Ft. per sec. 0.537 Inches. Sec.-fl. 1 420 June 2 do ' 0 165*a b July 3 F. T. Fletcher & G. H. Whyte July 3 1 July 4 G. R. Elliott 3 0 937* Aug. 22 G. H. WTlyte NU * Weir measurement. a. Measurement made above reser\'oir at 14-11-22-3. b. In 8 miles of ditch there was seepage loss of 1 .255 sec. -ft. orO.157 sec.-ft. per mile. Warm wind and very dry. c. In S miles of ditch there was seepage loss of O.IIS sec.-ft. or 0.015 sec.-ft. per mile. Cool and had been Skull Creek near Skull Creek, Sask. This station was established June 29, 1908, by F. T. Fletcher. It is located on the N.W. 14 Sec. 10, Tp. 11, Rge. 22, W. 3rd Mer., at the highway bridge on the surs^eyed trail running east from Maple Creek. It is about two miles north of Skull Creek post office, and about twenty- five miles east of Maple Creek, by trail. The channel is straight for 100 feet above and 150 feet below the station. Both banks are high and not liable to overflow. The banks are clear of brush for about fifty feet above and below the station, and then become densely wooded. The bed of the stream is composed of sand, and may shift somewhat at high stages. The current is moderate. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is attached vertically to the centre pile on the upstream, or south side of the bridge. It is referred to bench-marks as follows: — (1) a bolt-head surrounded by a circle of nails in the top of the strmger at the right, or east, abutment on the upstream side of the bridge (elevation, 11.96 feet above the zero of the gauge); (2) the top of the iron pin in the road mound about fifty feet southeast of the bridge on the right, or east bank (elevation, 14.19 feet above the zero of the gauge). 234 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1011 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 Discharge measurements are made from the upstream side of the bridge. The initial point for soundings is the inner face of the right abutment of the bridge. There is only one channel at low stages, but owing to the centre row of piles supporting the bridge there are two channels at high stages of the stream. Low-water measurements arc made at or near the gauge by wading, and at vcr>- low stages a weir is used. During 1911, the gauge was read by James Mann. Discharge Measurements of Skull Creek near Skull Creek, Sask., in 1911. Date. 1 Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. April 7 ... G. H. Whyte do Feet. 6.7 21.0 5.8 5.0 SQ.-ft. 5.08 36.90 1.48 3.34 Ft. per sec. 0.624 1.147 0.824 0.461 Feet. 1.350 3.350 0.520 0.5.35 0.430 0.420 0.630 Sec.-ft. 3.730 42 iJ70 June 2 July 12 . 1 do 1 220 .. . G. R. Elliott 1 540 July 25 . . . G. H. Whyte 0 605t Aug. 24 do 0..598t Sept. 30 . . 1 do 1.551t 1 t Weir measurement. Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Skull Creek near Skull Creek, Sask., for 1911. March. April. May. June. D-\Y. Gauge Dis- Height.i charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Dis- Height. charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feel. Sec.-ft. Feel. Sec.-fl. Feet. Sec.-fl. 1.34 6.9 1.22 ' 5.8 1.21 5.7 0.88 ; 3.2 0.84 2.9 0.94 ' 3.6 0.83 2.8 0.69 ! 2.0 0.69 2.0 0.68 1.9 0.70 ' 2.0 0.70 20 0.69 2.0 0 69 2 0 0.70 2.0 0.71 2.1 0.71 ' 2.1 0.70 2.0 0.88 3.2 0.69 2.0 0.69 2.0 0.69 ! 2.0 0.68 1.9 0.69*! 2 0 0.72 2.1 0.84 2.9 0.86 1 3.0 0.83* 2 8 0.82 2.7 0.70 2.0 0.73 ' 2.2 Feet. 0.60 0.52 0 50 0.53* 0.56 0.56 0.57 0.59 0.59* 0.59 0.57* 0.55 0.54 0.50 0.42 0 .34 0.29 0.29 0.25 0.39 0.68 0.58 0.56 0.56 0.56 0.57 0.56 0.54 0.65 0.74 Sec.-ft. 1.5 2 h 1.46 6 b h 1.35 1.3.i 2.65 4.39 3.42 2.99 2.14 1 31 2.15 2 20 3.08 2.06 2 11 1.92 1.58 1.52 1.45 1.46 1.46 1.46 1.16 1.41 1.65 1.40 S.l 7.0 7.0 26.0 74.0 45.0 33.0 22.0 6 6 17.0 18.0 35.0 16.0 16.0 14.0 9.3 8.7 8.0 8.1 8.1 8.1 5.3 7.6 10.0 7.5 1.1 3 1.1 1.2 5 1.4 6 1.4 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.1 0.8 0 5 0.4 18 0.4 19 0.3 20 0.7 21 2.2 22 1.7 23 1.6 24 1.6 25 26 4.86 4.00 4.25 4.86 4.12 4.12 3.34 a a a a a a a 1.6 1.6 27 28 29 30 31 . . . 1.6 1.5 2.1 2.6 LAKE OF THE NARROWS DRAINAGE BASIN 235 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Skull Creek near Skull Creek, Sask., for 1911. — Con. .Tuly. August. September. - October. November. Day. Gau'-e Heig.it. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feel. 0.85 0.69* 0.54 0.54 0.54 (^54 0.51 0.52 0.52* 0.52 0.52 0.50 0.57 0.51 0.53 0.56 0.58 0.59 O.o6 0.54 0.53 0.43 0.45 0.42 0.43 0.39 0.36 0.34 0.36 0.37 0.39 .be . , /. i. 1 2.3 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 14 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.7 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.3 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 Feel. 0.41 0.44 0.45 0.46 0.48 0.72 0.74 0.64 0.5S 0.56 0.56 0.40 0.40 0.44 0.41 0.39 0.38 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.46 0.39 0.36 0.34 0.36 0.37 0.29 Sec-ft. 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 2.1 2.2 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.3 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.5* 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.3 Feet. 0.26 0.29 0 32 0.38 1.01 1.95 1.68 0.70 0.70 0.67 0.62 0.58 0.54 0.54 0.56 0.58 0.67 0.72 0.68 0.51 0.54 0.69 0.72 0.74 0.74 0.70 0.67 0.64 0.63 0.63 Sec-ft. 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 4.1 14.0 10 0 2.0 2.0 ♦ 1.8 1.6 1-.4 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.8 2.1 1.9 1.0 1.2 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 Feet. 0.60* 0.56 0.64 0.75 0.74 0.74 0.73 0.71* 0.69 0.68 0.67 0.66 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.66 0.68 0.69 0.70 0.71 0.71 0.71 0.72 0.72 0.72 0.72 0.72 0.73 0.74 Sec-ft. 1.5 1.3 1.7 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.2 Feet. 0.76 0.80 0.84 0.84 0.84 0.86 Sec-ft. 2 3 4 6 ... 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1 23 24 25 26 27 29 30 31 1 * Gauge height interpolated. a Ice in stream. d No gauge height observed. Monthly Discharge of Skull Creek near Skull Creek, Sask., for 1911. (Drainage area, 33 square miles.) Month. Discharge in Second-Feet. Maximum. Minimum Mean. Per square Mile. Run-Off. Depth in inches on Drainage Area. Total in Acre-Feet. April (3,7-30). May June July August Septemter October The period . 74.0 6.9 2.6 3.4 2.2 14.0 2.3 5.3 1.9 0.3 0.4 0.3 0 2 1.3 17 .000 2.700 ■ 1.350 1.280 0.823 2 290 1.96 0.515 0.082 0.041 0.039 0.025 0.069 0.059 0.479 0.094 0.046 0 045 0.029 0.077 0.068 .838 843 166 80 79 51 136 121 1476 236 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v.. A. 1912 CRANE LAKE DRAINAGE BASIN. General Description. Crane Lake is one of the largest of the lakes which receive their supply from the drainage of the northern slope of the Cypress Hills. It is situated in Tp. 13, Rge. 23, W. 3rd Mer., and covers an area of 25 square miles. The lake, which has no outlet, is shallow, and the water is saline in character. It is fed by Piapot Creek, which rises in the Cypress Hills and flows northeastward, being joined by Bear Creek in Sec. 7, Tp. 12, Rge. 22, \V. 3rd Mer., before it reaches the lake. The countr\' to the north of the lake is rolling and of little use, being the eastern end of a range of sand hills which extend northwestward some forty miles. South of the lake the country is rolling prairie which is devoid of tree growth except along the creeks, where there is small growths of willow and shrubs. As one gets closer to the hills the country becomes more broken and the tree growth increases, making the ravines and coulees at the head of the creeks, natural reservoirs which regulate the spring run-off considerably. There are a number of irrigation schemes, in operation and proposed, in this basin, also one or two industrial schemes along the main line of the Canadian Pacific Railway. The mean annual precipitation of the northern part of the basin is about twelve inches, but in the hills this is exceeded. During 1911, the rainfall was much greater. During the winter season, from November to .\pril, the streams are frozen over. E.\sT Br.\nch of Be.\r Creek at Johnson's Ranche, Sask. This station was established August 18, 1909, by H. R. Carscallen. It is located on the S.E. }4 Sec. 21, Tp. 10, Rge. 23, W. 3rd Mer., about a mile and a half southeast of Skibereen post office. The channel is straight for 50 feet above and 40 feet below the station. Both banks are high and not liable to overflow, except during extreme floods. The banks are free from brush at the station, but are wooded above and below. The bed of the stream is composed of coarse gravel and stones. Large stones in the bed of the stream make accurate soundings at the station rather difficult to obtain. The current is moderate. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is attached to a vertical post sunk in the bed of the stream at the right bank and securely stayed. The zero (elev., 92.63) is referred to a permanent iron bench-mark (assumed elev., 100.00), situated on the right bank in the line of the gauging section and 53 feet from the gauge. Discharge measurements are made at or near the gauge by wading, or by means of a weir. A measuring wire is stretched across the stream at the section. The initial point for soundings is a square stake driven close to the ground on the left bank and marked "LP. " During 1911, the gauge was read by Ralph Johnson. Discharge Measurements of East Branch of Bear Creek at Johnson's Ranche, Sask., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. April 6 April 27 June 1 June 26 June 28 July 20 July 20 Aug. 23 Sept. 29 G. H. Whyte., do do G. R. Elliott.. G.H. Whyte., do do do do Feet. 11.0 10.4 10.0 13.0 7.0 6.6 6.6 6.0 Sq.-fi. 4.56 6.85 5.42 12 50 2.85 2.29 2.74 1.95 2.70 Ft. per sec. 1.469 1.230 0.755 0.320 1.007 0.573 0.474 0.533 1.077 Feel. 1.04 0.66 0.54 0.53 0.46 0.35 0.35 0.34 0.45 Sec.-/t. 6.70 8.39 4.09 4.45 2.87 1.28* 1.30 1.04» 2.92 • Weir measurement. CRANE LAKE DRAINAGE BASIN 237 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of East Branch of Bear Creek at Johnson's Ranche, Sask., for 1911. March. April. May. June. Day. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Dis- Height. charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Dis- Height. charge. 1 Feet. Sec.-fl. Feet. 1.29 *1.2S 1.28 1.28 1.28 1.04 1.80 1.80 1.70 1.20 1.20 0.70 0 SO 0.80 0.80 0.90 0.95 0.98 0.84 0.80 0.80 0.80 *0.77 0.75 0.75 0.70 0.65 0.70 0.70 0.70 Sec.-ft. 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 6.7 32 0 34.0 35.0 16.0 17.0 1.9 4.0 4.6 5.0 9.1 12.0 14.0 9 1 8.3 9.0 9.8 9.6 9 5 10.0 9.3 7.8 10.0 10.0 10.0 Feel. 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 *0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 *0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 *0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 *0.6 0.6 0.6 *0.6 Sec.-fl. 10 0 10.0 10.0 10 0 10.0 10.0 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 10.0 10.0 10,0 10 0 6 1 6.1 6.1 10,0 10,0 10 0 10,0 10 0 10.0 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 Feet. Sec.-ft. 0.60 ' 6.1 0,60 1 6.1 3 0.60 ' 6.1 4 I 0,60 1 6.1 o . . . 0.50 ' 3.6 6 0.50 ' 3.6 7 1 0.50 1 3,6 8 0.50 ; 3,6 9 0.50 3.6 10 0.50 1 3 6 11 0.50 3,6 12.. ... . .". .... 0 40 I 19 13::::::;:::::::::::;;::;::::::::::::::::::: 0.40 ' 1.9 14 0.40 1 1 .9 15 0.40 1 1.9 16 . . 0 40 1 19 17 0 40 19 18 , ' 0 40 19 19 *0.40 ' l.d 20 ' *0.40 ' 19 21 *0,40 1,9 22 0 40 , 19 23 . 0 40 19 24 0 40 19 *0 40 19 0 40 19 27 1.31 1.31 1.30 1.30 1.19 17.0 17.0 17.0 17.0 12.0 0 40 19 28 , 0 40 1.9 29 0 42 2 2 30 0.43 ' 2.4 31 238 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. I9I2 D.MLY Gauge Height and Discharge of East Branch of Bear Creek at Johnson's Ranche, Sask., for 1911. — Continued. July. August. September. October. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- diarge. Gauge ! Dis- Height.j charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feel. 0.42 * 0.43 0.45 0.46 0.46 0.46 0,46 0.46 * 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.42 0,42 0.42 * 0.42 0.43 0.40 0 35 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.35 0.36 0.35 * 0.30 0.30 Sec-.-ft. 2 2 2.4 2.8 3.0 2.8 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.2 2,2 2 2 2.2 Feel. 0.29 0.30 0.30 0.31 0.35 0.36 0.45 0.51 0.46 0.40 0.40 0.39 0.37* 0.36 0.32 0 .•?! Sec.-ft. 0.8 0 9 Feel. 0.35 n aa Sec-fl. 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.9 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.5 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.7 2 8 3.6 1.1 1.7 2.8 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.4 Feel. 0.45 0.46 0 45 Sec.-ft. 2 8 2 3 0 3 0 9 * n 34 1 R 4 1.0 1.4 1.5 2.8 3.8 3.0 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.1 1.0 0.35 0.36 0.37 0.40 0.37 0.36 * 0.34 0.33 0.36 0.33 0.32 0.33 0 32 0 44 2 A 5 0.44 0.45 * 0.45 0 46 0.40 0.45 0.44 0.45 0.45 * 0.45 0.45 0.44 0.46 0.45 0.46 0.46 * 0.46 0.47 0.48 t 2 6 6 2 8 7 2 8 8 3 0 9 1 9 10 2 8 11 2 6 12 2 8 12 2 8 14 2.8 15 2 8 16 2 6 17 2 4 0 .■iO 0 9 * 0 34 3 0 18 1.9- 1.4 0.9 0.9 0 9 0.31 0.29 • 0.32 0.35 0 37 1.0 0.8 1.1 1.4 1.6 1.4 0.9 1.1 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.3 0.36 0.34 0.38 0.45 0.50 0.32 * 0.38 0.45 0.45 0.44 0,45 0.45 0.43 2 8 ig':: :.... :...:.:. 3 0 20 3.0 21 3 0 22 3 1 23 0 9 0 35 3 3 24 0,9 0,9 0.9 1.4 1.5 1.4 0.9 0.9 0.30 0.32 0.36 * 0.35 0.35 0.33 0.33 0.34 27 29 . ... 31 * No obser\'ation. Gauge-height interpolated, t Creek frozen over. Monthly Discharge of East Branch of Bear Creek at Johnson's Ranche, Sask., for 1911. vDrainage area. 22 square mites.) Discharge in Second-Feet Run-Off Month. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square MUe. Depth in inches on Drainage Area. Total in Acre-Feet. March (27-31) . . 17.0 35.0 10,0 6,1 3.0 3.8 3.6 3.3 12,0 19 6.1 1.9 0.9 0.8 1.1 1.9 16.00 12,80 8,10 2,90 1,95 1.50 1.80 2.80 0.728 0.582 0.368 0.132 0.089 0.068 0.OS2 (1.127 0.135 0.649 0.424 0.147 0.103 0.078 0,092 0.108 1.736 159 April 762 498 173 July 120 92 September October ( 1-23) 107 123 2039 West Branch of Bear Creek at Bertram's Ran'che, Sask. This station was established September 16, 1909, by H. R. Carscallen. It is located on the S.W. Vi Sec. 32, Tp. 10, Rge. 23, W. 3rd Mer., about a mile and a half north of Skibereen post office. It is about three hundred yards above the junction of this branch with the east branch of Bear Creek. The channel is straight for 25 feet above and 15 feet below the station. Both banks are com- paratively high and will overflow only in extreme flood. The banks are free from brush at the CRANE LAKE DRAINAGE BASIN 239 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d station, but are heavily wooded immediately above and twenty feet below. The bed of the creek is composed of sand and coarse gravel. The current is moderate at the station, but becomes very swift twenty feet downstream. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is attached vertically to a post sunk in the bed of the stream at the left bank and firmly stayed to the bank. It is referred to bench-marks as follows: — (1) a spike-head in the top of the initial-point stake on the left bank, marked "B.M." (elevation, S.OO above the zero of the gauge); (2) a spike-head in the top of a pointed poplar stump just below the bank on the left side of the stream, and about 50 feet down- stream from the gauge, the stump blazed and marked "B.M." (elevation, 8.41 feet above the zero of the gauge). During ordinary' stages discharge measurements are made at, or a short distance below, the gauge by wading. High-water measurements are made at the government bridge, situated about three-quarters of a mile upstream. The initial point for soundings at the station is a square stake driven close to the ground on the left bank and marked "LP." During 1911, the gauge was read by Charles Bertram. Discharge Measurements of West Branch of Bear Creek at Bertram's Ranche, Sask., in 1911. Date. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. April 7. April 27. June 1. June 26. June 28. July 20. July 20. Aug. 23. Sept. 29. G. H.WTiyte.. do do G. R. Elliott.. G. H. Whyte.. do do do do Feet. 12.0 18.0 20.0 17.3 7.40 7.70 Sq.-ft. 9.40 11.60 10.72 7.97 3.44 2.66 Ft. per sec. 0.970 1.2S0 0.911 0.S49 1.064 0.808 Sec.-fl. 7.0 3.22 1.460 1.34 9.120 1.46 14.7S0 1.34 9.760 1.34 6 7S0 1.22 3.660 1.16 2.150 1.16 2.073* 1.16 1.56.5* 1.26 4.560 * Weir measurement. Daily Gauge Height ants Discharge of West Branch of Bear Creek at Bertram's Ranche, Sask., for 1911. April. May. June. D.\Y. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feel. 1.60 1.60 1.50 1.30 1.73 1.40 1.33 1.35 2.00 2.50 2.30 2.00 2.00 l.SO 1.80 1.60 2.30 2.00 1.70 1.70 1.75 1.75 1.55 1.53 1.50 1.45 1.40 1.43 1.43 1.50 Sec-ft. 23.0 23.0 17.0 17.0 32.0 11.4 9.0 9.0 47.0 77.0 63.0 47.0 47.0 35.0 35.0 23.0 77.0 47.0 29.0 29.0 32.0 32.0 20.0 20.0 17.0 14.0 11.4 14.0 14.0 17.0 Feet. 1.55 1 .55 1.55 1.45 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.33 1.35 1.33 1.33 1.33 1.33 1.33 l.SO 1.40 1.38 1.38 1.38 1.35 1.35 1.65 1.70 1.50 1.50 1.43 1.43 1.45 1.40 1.40 Sec-ft. 20.0 20.0 20.0 14.0 11.4 11.4 11.4 11.4 9.0 9.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 17.0 11 4 10.4 10.4 10.4 9.0 9.0 26.0 29.0 17.0 17.0 14.0 14.0 14.0 11.4 11.4 Feet. 1.34 1.34 1.34 1.30 1.30 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.22 1.22 1.25 1.50 1.27 1.20 1.23 1.30 1.30 Sec.-fl. 8.5 2 8 5 3 .... 8 5 4 6 6 5 6 6 6 9 0 7 9 0 8 9 0 9 9 0 10 9.0 11 6 6 12 ... 6 6 13 6 6 14 6 6 25 16 ; 4 8 17 4 8 18 4 8 19 4 8 20 4 8 21 4 8 22 3 8 23 3 8 24 4 8 23 17 0 26 5 5 27 3 2 28 29 6 6 30 6 6 31 240 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., K. I9I2 Daily Gaige Height and Discharge of West Branch of Bear Creek at Bertram's Ranche, Sask., for 1911. — Continued. July. August. September. October. Day. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feet. 1.40 1.40 1.35 1.30 1.30 1 25 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.20 1 20 1 15 1 15 1.10 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.17 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.05 1.05 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Sec.-ft. 11.4 11.4 9.0 6.6 6.6 4.8 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 2.0 2.0 1.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 2.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.5 OS 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Feet. 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.10 1.15 1.20 1.30 1.30 1.25 1.20 1.20 1.15 1.10 1.10 1.19 1.10 1.10 1.10 1 10 1.05 1.00 1.16 1.12 1.12 1.12 1.20 1.15 1.10 1 10 1.10 1.10 Sec.-ft. 0.2 0 2 1.0 1.0 2.0 3.2 6.6 6 6 4.8 3 2 3.2 2 0 10 10 3.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 1.4 1.4 1.4 3.2 2.0 1.0 10 1.0 1.0 Feet. 1.10 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.30 1.40 1.47 1.40 1.30 1.25 1.20 1.20 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.35 1.40 1.40 1.35 1.35 1 25 1.25 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 Secfl. 1.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 6.6 11.4 15.0 11.4 6.6 4.8 3.2 3.2 2 0 2 0 2.0 2.0 9 0 11.4 11.4 9.0 9.0 4.8 4.8 6.6 6.6 6.6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6.6 Feet. 1.30 1.30 1.35 1.35 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.35 1.25 1.25 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.25 1.25 1 25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.29 1 29 1.29 1 29 1 28 1.2S 1.30 1.30 1.30 Sec.-ft. 6.6 2 6.6 3 9.0 4 9.0 5 6.6 6 6.6 7 6.6 8 6.6 g 6.6 10 9.0 11 4.8 12 •. 4.8 13 3.2 14 3 2 15 3.2 16 4.8 17 . 4.8 18 4.8 19 4.8 20 4.8 21 .'. 4.8 22 4.8 23 6.2 6.2 25 26 6.2 6.2 5.9 28 5.9 6.6 30 6.6 6.6 Monthly Discharge of West Branch of Bear Creek at Bertram's Ranche, Sask., for 1911. (Drainage area. 45 square miles.) Discharge in Second-Feet. Rira-OFF. Month. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square MUe. Depth in '■ inches on Total in Drainage Acre-Feet. Area. 77.0 29.0 17.0 11.4 6.6 15,0 9.0 9.0 8.0 3.2 0 2 0 2 0 2 3.2 29.70 13.20 6.72 2.69 1.91 5.91 5.88 0.660 0.294 0.149 0.060 0.042 0.131 0.131 0.736 ; 1767 May 0.339 812 0.166 400 July 0.069 165 0.048 117 0.141 352 October 0.151 362 1.650 3975 t Bear Creek near Unsworth's Ranche, Sask. This station was established June 22, 1908, by F. T. Fletcher. It is located on the S.E. H Sec. 18, Tp. 11, Rge. 23, W. 3rd Mer., at the highway bridge on the sur\eyed trail running east from Maple Creek. It is about half a mile south of S. Unsworth's ranche, and fifteen miles east of Maple Creek. The channel is straight for 100 feet above and below the station. Both banks are high and not liable to overflow. The station is kept clear of underbrush, but both banks are covered with small trees above and below the bridge. The bed of the stream is sandy and is liable to change at high stages of the creek. The current is moderate, becoming sluggish at ver>- low stages. CRANE LAKE DRAINAGE BASIN 241 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is attached vertically to the centre pile of the downstream side of the bridge. It is referred to bench-marks as follows:— (1) a circle of nail-heads in the top of the stringer at the left abutment on the downstream side of the bridge (elevation, 14.05 feet above the zero of the gauge) ; (2) the top of the iron pin in the road- mound southeast of the bridge on the left bank (elevation, 18.97 feet above the zero of the gauge). Discharge measurements are made from the downstream side of the bridge. The initial point for soundings is the inner face of the left abutment of the bridge. Low-water measurements are made at a wading section about half a mile downstream from the gauge, or about 200 feet above. There is only one channel at low stages, but at high stages the centre row of piles supporting the bridge divides the stream into two channels. During 1911, the gauge was read by S. Unsworth. Discharge Measurements of Bear Creek near Unsworth's Ranche, Sask., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Heiglit. Discharge. April 6 .. G. H Whyte Feel. 10.0 10.5 13.0 10.4 9.0 7.5 7.0 9.3 Sq.-fl. 25.60 24.61 11.76 11.38 13.78 9.87 6.92 12.10 Ft. per sec. 0.933 1.340 0.738 0.538 0 910 0.302 0.156 0.662 Feel. 2.21 2.43 1.46 0.88 1.37 0.70 0.38 1.11 Sec.-fl. 23 880 April 27 do 32 890 :; ; g. . .. G. do 14 260 June 22 R. Elliott 6 120 June 26 . H. Whyte 12 550 July 20 do 2 980 Aug. 22 do 1 078* Sept. 29 . do 8 010 * Weir measurement. Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Bear Creek near Unsworth's Ranche, Sask., for 1911. April. May June. July. Day. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 . . . . Feet. 3.90 3.55 3.05 2.75 2.20 2 10 2.05 2.05 4.10 8.20 12.00 9.80 7.90 3.40 3.75 4.50 7.05 11.00 8.10 5.40 4.10 3.75 3.40 3.05 2.85 2.80 2.95 3.00 3.10 3.10 Sec.-fl. 66.0 59 0 52 0 45.0 41.0 40.0 43.0 44.0 46.0 46.0 Feet. 3.00 3.05 3.00 2.95 2.90 2.80 2.80 2.75 2.70 2.68 2.70 2.75 2.75 2.72 2.70 2.70 2.75 2.70 2.50 2.50 2.45 2.42 2 SO 3.10 2.85 2.80 2.75 2.60 2.50 2.10 2 00 Sec.-fl. 44. 45. 44. 43. 42. 40. 40. 39. 38. 38. 38. 39. 39. 38. 38. 38. 39. 38. 34. 34. 33. 32. 34. 46. 41. 40. 39. 36. 34. 26. 24. Feet. 1.75 1.50 1.45 1.45 1.60 2.10 1.90 1.75 1.70 1.60 . 1.50 1.45 1,40 1.30 1.25 1.10 1.05 0.90 0.80 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 0.95 1.00 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.10 1.25 Sec.-fl. 19.0 ISO 14.0 14.0 16.0 26.0 22.0 19.0 18.0 16.0 15.0 14.0 13.0 11.0 10.0 7.9 7.2 S.l . 4.0 4.0 4.6 5 1 5.8 5.8 6.4 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.9 8.4 Feet. 1.35 2.00 2.05 1.80 1.65 1.55 1.40 1.35 1.30 1.30 1.25 1.20 1.15 1.05 1.05 0.95 0.90 0.90 0.85 0.80 0.75 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.62 0.62 0.60 0.60 Sec.-fl. 12 0 2 24 0 3 25 0 4 20 0 17 0 6 16 0 13 0 8 12 0 9 11 0 10 11 10 0 12 9 5 13 8 7 14 7 2 15 7 2 16 5 8 17 5 1 18 5 1 19 4 6 20 4 0 21 22 3 1 23 24 3 1 25 2 8 26 2 8 27 2 8 28 2 S 29 2 5 30 31 2 4 242 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1»12 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Bear Creek near Unsworth's Ranche, Sask., for 1911. — Continued. August. September. October. November. Day. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feel. 0.60 0.63 0.65 0 6S 0.70 0.75 0.S5 1.15 1.05 0.95 0.90 0.80 0.75 0.70 0.72 0.75 0.70 0.68 0.65 0.60 0.58 0.55 0.55 0.50 0.50 0.55 0.65 0.65 0.62 0.60 0.60 Sec.-fl. 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.1 3.6 4.0 8.7 7.2 5.8 5.1 4.0 3.6 3.1 3.3 3.6 3.1 3.0 2.8 2.4 2.3 2.1 2.1 1.8 1.8 2.1 2.8 2.8 2.5 2 4 2.4 Feet. 0.58 Scc.-ft. 2.3 Feet. 0.95 1.15 1.25 1.40 1.35 1.35 1.30 1.25 1 25 1.22 1.20 1.17 1.15 1.15 1.12 1.12 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.00 1.00 1.05 1.10 1.15 1.17 1.20 1.25 1.25 1.20 1.20 1.15 Sec-fl. 5.8 8.7 10.0 13.0 12.0 12.0 11.0 10.0 10.0 9.8 9.5 9.0 8.7 8.7 8.2 8.2 7.9 7.^ 7.9 6.4 6.4 7.2 7.9 8.7 9.0 9.5 10 0 10.0 9.5 9.5 8.7 Feel. 1.10 1.10 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.10 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1 15 1.15 1.15 1.15 Sec.-ft. 7.9 2 0.55 1 2.1 0.55 ■ 2.1 0.95 5.8 1.40 13.0 7 9 3 7 2 %>[ . .-, 7.2 5 7.2 6 2.10 2.15 1.90 1.50 1.40 1.30 1.25 1.10 1.05 l.OS 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.10 1.15 1.20 1.25 1.30 1 30 26.0 27 0 22 0 15 0 13.0 11 0 10 0 7.9 7.2 7.2 6.4 6.4 7.9 7.9 8.7 9.5 10.0 11.0 11 0 7 9 8.7 8.7 9 , 8.7 10 8.7 11... . ; 8.7 12 8.7 13 8.7 14 8.7 15 8.7 16 17 Ig 19 20 21 22 23 1.25 10.0 1 20 9 5 26 - . 1.18 1.15 1.10 0.95 9 2 8.7 7.9 5.7 28 . . • 29 As the stream was full of snow and ice April 1st to April 21st. the daily discharge was not taken as the curve will not apply. Monthly Discharge of Bear Creek near Unsworth's Ranche, Sask., for 1911. (Drainage area, 100 square miles.) Discharge in Second-Feet. Rito-Off. Month. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square Mile. Depth in inches on Drainage Area. Total in Acre-Feet. Apr 1 (21-30) 69.0 . 46,0 26.0 25.0 8.7 27.0 13.0 8.7 40.0 24.0 4.0 2.4 1.8 2.1 5.8 7.2 48.20 37.80 11.20 8.37 3.32 10.00 9.07 8.24 0.482 0.378 0.112 0.084 0 033 0.100 0.091 0.082 0.179 0.436 0.125 0.097 0.038 0.112 0.105 0.046 954 May 2324 666 J uly 515 204 595 558 245 1.138 6061 Needham Bb others' Ditch ne ar Piapo T, Sask. This station was established on June 22, 1911, by G. R. Elliott, on the irrigation ditch of Messrs. Xeedham Brothers, which diverts water from Bear Creek on the S.W. }4 Sec. 30, Tp. 11, Rge. 23, \V. 3rd Mer. CRANE LAKE DRAINAGE BASIN 243 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 23d The gauge is located on the S.W. J^ Sec. 30, at the outlet of the sluice-box. It is a plain staff graduated to feet and inches. The zero of the gauge (elev., 97.47) is referred to a plug on the right bank of ditch (assumed elev., 100.00). The station is on a uniform cross-section of the ditch, which has a bottom width of seven feet with side slopes of one to one. As this station was established after the irrigation season was over, no records were obtained during 1911. Braniff Ditch near Piapot, Sask. This station was established June 22, 1911, by G. R. Elliott, on D. Braniff's irrigation ditch, which diverts water from Bear Creek on the S.E. H Sec. 30, Tp. 11, Rge. 23, W. 3rd Mer. The gauge is located on the S.E. li Sec. 30, about twenty feet from the point of intake. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and inches, is fixed to the upstream side of a log bridge across the ditch. No records were obtained at this station during 1911. Beveridge East Ditch on Piapot Creek, Sask. This station was established June 9, 1911, by G. R. Elliott, on the irrigation ditch of D. Beveridge, which diverts water from Piapot Creek on the N.E. 34 Sec. 7, Tp. 10, Rge. 24, \V. 3rd Mer., to irrigate land on the east side of the creek. The gauge is located on N.E. J4 Sec. 7, and is about half a mile from the intake. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and inches, is located at the upstream side of the bridge over the ditch. The station is at a uniform cross-section of the ditch, which is three feet wide at the bottom with side slopes of one to one. As the ditch was used for only a few days after the gauge was established, discharge measure- ments only were made. Discharge Measurements of Beveridge East Ditch on Piapot Creek, Sask., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. Feel. Sq.-ft. Fl. per sec. June 9 do do do do do Aug. 20 G. R. Elliott.. do do do do do G. H. Whyte.. 14.5 15 0 14 0 13.9 13.5 13.0 Scc.-fl. 1 414* 1,625* 1 153* 1 ,050* 0 86S* 0 611* Nil. * Weir measurement. Beveridge West Ditch on Piapot Creek, Sask. This station was established June 5, 1911, by F. T. Fletcher, on the irrigation ditch of D. Beveridge, which diverts water from Piapot Creek on the N.W. }4, Sec. 18, Tp. 10, Rge. 24, \V. 3rd Mer., to irrigate land on the west side of the creek. The gauge is located on N.W. }i Sec. 18, and is about 240 feet from the intake. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and inches, is located at the left side of the ditch. The zero of the gauge (elev., 98.16) is referred to a peg in a cairn of stones (assumed elev., 100.00), located upstream from the gauge, and on the left bank. The station is at a uniform cross-section of the ditch, which is two feet wide at the bottom with side slopes of one to one. As the ditch was used for only a few days after the gauge was established, discharge mea- surements only were made. 244 STREAM MEASUREMENTS. 1911 2 GEORGE v.. A. 1912 Discharge Measurements of Beveridge West Ditch on Piapot Creek, Sask., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of 1 Mean Section. \ Velocity. Gauge. Discharge. Height. June 9 : Feet. G. R. Elliott ' Sq.-fl. Ft. per sec. Inches. , Sec.-ft. 12 00 0 391* do do ' 11 50 0 l.V)* do do 11 50 0 226* do do ; 12 50 ' 0 4r)6* do do 1 12.90 ' 0 530* 12.75 , 0 499» Nil do do \ Aug. 20 G.H. Whyte ! 1 ♦ Weir measurement. MooRHEAD Ditch on Piapot Creek, Sask. This station was established June 10, 1911, by G. R. Elliott, on the irrigation ditch of Mr. H. Moorhead, which diverts water from Piapot Creek on the S.E. K Sec. 25, Tp. 10, Rge. 22, W. 3rd Mer. The gauge is located on the N.W. }4 Sec. 25, about three-quarters of a mile from the point of intake. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated into feet and inches, is at the right side of the ditch. The zero (elev., 98.23) is referred to a wooden stake (assumed elev., lOO.OO), situated on the left bank. This station is at a regular cross-section of the ditch, which is three and a half feet wide at the bottom with side slopes of one to one. No data was secured as to the quantity of water diverted before the gauge was established. Monthly Discharge of Moorhead Ditch on Piapot Creek, Sask., for 1911. DiscHAKCE IN Second-Feet. Riw-Ofp. MOSTH. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Total in Acre-Feet. June ao.30) 4.2 6.9 0.56 0.56 1.31 3.27 547 July (1-15) 97 644 1 1 Note. — These results cover only period after gauge was established on June 10. CRANE LAKE DRAINAGE BASIN 245 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Daily Gavge Height and Disch-A.rge of Moorhead Ditch on Piapot Creek, Sask., for 1911. June. July Day. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Fett. Sec.-ft. Feet. 20 19 18 IS 20 15 12 12 12 11 11 10 9 8 7 Sec.-ft. 6.90 2 3 5 70 4 5.70 6.90 3.90 2 15 S 6 7 8 9 10 . 9.S 12.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 8.0 9.0 7.5 7.0 8.0 7.0 10.0 7.5 7.0 15.5 12.5 10.0 9.0 8.0 11.0 1.22 2.15 1.38 1.38 1.38 1.38 0.80 1.07 0.68 0.56 0.80 0-56 1.38 0.68 0.56 4.20 2.42 1.38 1.07 0.80 1.73 1.73 1.73 1.38 1.07 0.80 0.56 11 12 •. 13 14 13 15 17 18 19 '. 20 21 22 23 .' 24 23 26 27 28 * 29 .• 30 Discharge Measurements of Moorhead Ditch on Piapot Creek, Sask., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Mean Section. | Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. Feet. Sq.-ft. i Ft. per sec. June 10 ' G. R. Elliott Fl.. Ins. 0-7H 0-11 0-9K 1-0 1-1 1-1}^ Sec.-ft. 0 67*^* do do do do , 1 153* do do 2 146* do do ::■; i 2 422* do do 3 005* Aug. 20 G. H. Whyte : ^ 1 Nil * Weir measurement. Piapot Creek at Cumberland's Ranche, Sask. This station was established June 17, 190S, by F. T. Fletcher. It was originally located on Sec. 17, Tp. 11, Rge. 24, W. 3rd ^ler., at the highway bridge on the surveyed trail running east of Maple Creek and about nine miles from Maple Creek. On account of the difficulty of ob- taining an observer, it was moved on May 1.3, 1909, by H. R. Carscallen to a wading section near .-X. Cumberland's house. It is now located in the N.E. J-l Sec. 18, Tp. 11, Rge. "24, W. 3rd Mer., about one mile north of the bridge. The channel is straight for 50 feet above and 100 feet below the station. The right bank is high and not liable to overflow; the left is comparatively low and will overflow at flood stages of the stream. The bed of the stream is composed of sand, and may shift during high stages. The current is sluggish. During the summer months vegetation in the stream-bed gives considerable trouble. 246 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v.. A. 1912 The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is attached vertically to a post sunk in the lied of the stream at the left bank and securely stayed to the bank. The zero (elev., 89.75) is referred to a permanent iron bench-mark (assumed elev., 100.00), located on the right bank 47 feet .\ 40° E from the gauge, and sunk within five inches of the ground. During ordinary stages, discharge measurements arc made from the downstream side of the bridge at the old station. During 1911, the gauge was read by A. Cumberland. Discharge Measurements of Piapot Creek at Cumberland's Ranche, Sask., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. G. H. Whjte Feet. 10.0 8.8 8.2 8.5 8.5 8.3 8.5 Sq.-ft. 16.93 6.49 6.94 10.42 11.00 8.97 12.50 Ft. per sec. 0.765 0.980 0.537 0.355 0.208 0.185 0.416 Feet. 2 21 1.40 1.16 1.41 1.45 1.25 1.67 Sec-ft. 12.96 April 26 do 6.41 May 31 3.50 June 27 do 3.70 July 19 ... do 2 29 Aug. 22 do 1.65 Sept. 27 do 5.10 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Piapot Creek at Cumberland's Ranche, Sask., for 1911 . April. May. June. D..V. Gauge Dis- Height. charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feet. Sec-ft. Feet. 1.65 1.72 1.64 1.48 1.60 1.52 1.39 1.21 1.19 *1.25 1.31 1.21 1.15 1.24 1.19 1.45 1.19 1.18 1 21 1 22 1.14 1.14 1.19 1.25 1.44 1.50 1.45 1.40 1.27 1.19 1.17 Sec-ft. 10.0 no 10.0 7.8 9.7 8.4 6.5 3.9 3.6 4.5 5.4 4.0 3.1 4.4 3.7 7.5 3.8 3.6 4.1 4.2 3.1 3.1 3.8 4.7 7.5 8.. 5 7.7 7.0 5.0 3.9 3 6 Feel. 1.13 1.12 1.05 1.05 1.75 1.27 1.73 1.48 1.18 1.25 *1.14 1.03 1 13 1.20 1.17 1.15 1.18 1.17 1.13 1.19 1.15 1.22 1 13 1 53 2.06 1.32 1.39 1.29 1.25 1.40 .'Sec-ft. 3 0 2 2.6 3 1.7 4 17 5 2.21 1.80 1.55 1.28 1.65 2.66 2.47 is .6 7.0 3 6 0.7 5 6 21.0 19.0 12.0 6 4.5 7 11.0 8 7 4 9 3 0 10 3.4 11 2.0 12 0.7 13 -. 1.71 1.76 1.65 2.07 2.53 1.79 1.03 1.97 1.88 1.74 1 64 1.62 1.49 1.40 1.45 1.45 1.48 1.55 7.6 8.6 7.2 14.0 21 0 10.0 12 0 13.0 12.0 10.0 9 3 9.2 7.6 6.4 7.2 7.2 7.7 8.8 1.7 14 2 5 15 2.0 16 1.7 17 1.9 18.... 1.7 19 1.1 20 1.6 21 1.1 22:::;::: :::::::: ::::::;:::::::::;:;::::::::r:::::::::::: 17 23 0 8 24 .i 8 25 14.0 26 2.6 27 ■. 3.4 28 2 0 29 1.5 30 3.3 31 CRANE LAKE DRAINAGE BASIN 247 SESSIONAL PAPRE No. 25d Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Piapot Creek at Cumberland's Ranche, Sask., for 1911. Continued. D.\Y. July. Gauge Dis- Height. charge. Feel. Sec.-ft. 2.45 19.0 2.39 23.0 1.59 5.7 1.45 3-6 1.82 9.1 15.4 4.8 1.99 11.0 1.80 8.5 1.60 5.3 1.60 5.3 1.50 3.8 * 1.43 2.7 1 35 1.6 1.40 2.1» * 1.36 1.6 1.32 1.1 1.38 1.6 1.41 1.9 1.45 2.3 1.45 2.4 1.41 1.9 1.39 1.7 1.55 3.8 1.41 2.0 1.38 1.7 * 1.36 1.6 1.35 1.5 1.37 1.8 1.36 1.7 1.36 1.7 1.42 2.5 September. October. Gauge Dis- Gauge Dis- j Gauge Dis- Height. charge . 1 Height.' charge . Height, charge . 1 2 3 4 5 6, 7, 8. 9 10 11 12 13 14 15, 16. 17. 18. 19, 20, 21 22 23 24, 25, 26 27 28 29 30 31, Feet. 1.40 1.38 1.35 1.30 1.45 1.35 1.41 1.46 1.36 1.36 1.35 1.33 1.30 1.26 1.27 1.25 1.23 1.22 1.21 Sec-fl. Feel. Sec-fl. Feet. 2.3 1.21 1.0 1.45 2.1 1.20 0.8 1.50 1.8 1.35 2.3 1.78 1.4 * 1.69 7.2 1.75 3.2 2.03 12.0 1.74 2.0 2.65 22 0 1.67 2.8 2.39 18.0 1.64 3.5 2.00 12.0 1.55 2.3 1.65 6.1 1.49 2.3 * 1.55 4.6 1.49 2.2 1.45 3.1 1.47 2 0 1.37 2.0 1.46 2.0 1.25 0.8 1.47 2.5 1.25 0.8 1.47 2.4 1.22 0.5 1.43 2.1 1.20 0.3 1.45 2.5 1.45 2.7 1.48 2.1 1.85 8.5 1.45 2.0 1.65 5.4 1.55 1.7 1.55 3.9 1.55 1.6 1.53 3.5 1.55 1.7 1.55 3.8 1.65 1.3 1.85 8.1 1.72 1.6 1.75 6.5 1.91 1.4 1.70 5.7 1.55 1.6 1.89 8.6 1.53 1.7 1.45 2.1 1.65 1.4 1.55 3.5 1.64 1.2 1.54 3.3 1.70 1.1 1.48 2.5 1.42 1.0 1.42 Sec.-fl. 2.1 2.8 6.8 6.3 6.2 5.1 4.7 3.5 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.4 1.9 2.1 2.5 3.5 5.0 6.0 8.9 3.5 3.3 5.0 4.9 5.7 1.8 1.8 ♦Gauge height interpolated. Monthly Discharge of Piapot Creek at Cumberland's Ranche, Sask., for 1911. (Drainage area. 50 square miles.) DlSCH.\RGE IN Second-Feet. Rl-n-Off. Month. 1 Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square Mile. Depth in inches on ^ Total in Drainage Acre-Feet. Area. April (5-30) ,. 21 0 0 7 9.95 5.71 3.45 4.46 1.96 5.39 3.78 0.199 0.114 0.069 0.089 0.039 0.107 0.076 Mav 11.0 14.0 23.0 3.5 22.0 8.9 3.1 0.7 1.1 1.0 0.8 1.8 0 131 351 0 077 20t July 0 045 121 October 0 088 232 The period 748 1997 248 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 MisCELLAKEOUS DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS in Crane Lake Drainage Basin, in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Stream. Location. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Discharge. June 21 June 21 June 20 June 26 G. R. Elliott.... do do G. H. Whyte.... G. R. Elliott G. H. Whyte.... G. R. Elliott.... G. H. Whyte.... E. Branch of Bear Creek West do Glennie Creek.. . do Piapot Creek.... Spring Creek. . . . do do N.E. 29-10-2.3-3.. N.W. 29-10-23-3. S.E. 25-10-24-3. do N.E. 7-10-24-3. Sec. 26-10-23-3. N.W. 5-11-23-3. Sec. 25-10-24-3. Feet. 7.0 16.0 Sq. Feet. 4.16 9.04 Feel per Sec. 0.423 0.444 Sec.-FI. 2.140 4.010 0.213 * 0 408 • 11.5 4.9 11.60 2.29 0.763 0.420 8.850 April 27 June 22 June 26 0.960 0.408 • 0.200 • * Weir Measurement U.\Y LAKE DFL^INAGE B.\SIN'. Gene/al Description. Hay Lake is in Township 11, Range 25, west of the 3rd Meridian, and is fed by Hay Creek which rises in the Cypress Hills. It is a comparatively small body of saline water of an approx- imate area of three square miles. Like all lakes in this locality it has no outlet. The basin supplies \vater for a number of irrigation schemes and also to the town of Maple Creek for domestic and industrial purposes, the water being piped some nine miles, by means of a gravity system. The annual precipitation is about twelve inches, but during 1911, it was at least four inches greater; most of the rainfall occurred during May, June, July and September. Hay Creek at Hay Creek School, Sask. This station was established on July 4, 1910, by R. G. Swan. It is located on the S.VV. J^ Sec. 29, Tp. 10, Rge. 25, \V. 3rd Mer., and is above Mr. Fauquier's ditch and below the overflow of the Maple Creek waterworks reservoir. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is fixed to a post at the right bank of the stream. It is referred to two bench-marks as follows: — (1) a spike driven in the southeast corner of a house 300 feet west of the gauge and marked "B.M." (elev., 8.32 above the datum of the gauge); (2) a spike in the base of a willow stump, about 75 feet south of the gauge and marked "B.M." (elev., 4.96 above the datum of the gauge). The channel of the creek is slightly curved for about eight feet above and fifty feet below the gauge. The bed of the stream is sandy and covered with vegetation, which causes the point of zero flow to change slightly. The current is sluggish, and during high stages both banks, being low, are liable to overflow. Discharge measurements are made with a meter at high stages and with a weir at ordinary and low stages. During 1911, the Maple Creek waterworks were so arranged that all the over- flow occurred at the intake and there was very little, if any, at the reserv-oir near this station as in former years. During 1911, the gauge was read by Miss A. Bornemann. Discharge Measurements of Hay Creek at Hay Creek School, Sask., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. G. H. WTiyte Feet. 4.2 S,.-fl. 1.09 Ft. per sec. 0.716 Feet. 0.850 0.555 0.540 Sec.-fl. 0.780 do 0.198* Sept 27 do i 0.049* * Weir measurement. HA Y LAKE DRAINAGE BASIN 249 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Hay Creek at Hay Creek School, Sask., in 1911. March. April. May. June. Day. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . 1 Fett. Sec.-ft. Feet. 1.20 1 30 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.30 1.50 1 50 1.90 1.70 2.20 1.90 1.90 1.90 1.90 1 90 1.30 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 . 1.50 I.IS 1.09 1.19 1 17 1.22 Sec.-ft. 1.9 2.8 6.6 6.8 6.9 7.0 3.2 5.1 5.2 10.1 7.6 14.9 10.4 10 4 10.5 10.5 10.5 3.8 5.7 5.7 5.5 5.4 5.3 5 2 5.0 2.1 1.4 2 1 19 2.2 Feet. 1.28 1 30 1.30 1.21 1.13 1.50 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1 05 1 .05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1 05 1.05 1.05 1.06 1.06 1.05 1.05 1.05 Sec.-ft. 2.60 2.80 2.80 2.10 1.60 4.40 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1 00 0 95 0 95 0.90 0.90 0.85 0.80 0.80 0.75 0.70 0.65 0.60 0.60 0..55 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0 40 0.40 0.40 Feet. 1.04 1.04 1.04 1.04 1.01 1.05 1.08 1.10 1.07 1.06 1.05 1.05 1 05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1 05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1 05 1 05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1 05 1.20 Sec.-ft. 0.31 2 0.31 3 0 31 4 0.31 5 0.19 6 - 0.35 7 0 47 8 0.55 9 0.43 10 0.39 11 0.35 12 0.35 13 0 35 14 0.35 15 0.35 16 0.35 17 0 35 18 0.35 19 0.35 20 0.35 21 0.35 22 0 35 23 0.35 24 2.65 1.70 1.50 1.30 1 20 1.30 1.30 1.30 18.6 5.1 3.5 2.1 1.5 2 3 2.4 2.5 0 35 25 0.35 26 0.35 27 0 35 0 35 0.35 30 1.1 250 STREA2\{ MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Hay Creek at Hay Creek School, Sask., for 1911. — Con. July. August. September. October November. D.w. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feel. 1.20 1.70 1.15 1.15 1.10 1.05 1.05 1.05 Sec.-fl. 1.10 4.90 O.SO 0.80 0.55 0.35 0.35 0.35 a Feel. Sec.-fl. Feet. 1.04 1.04 1.04 1.05 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.20 1.15 1.10 1.07 1.07 1.07 1.07 1.07 1.07 1.07 1.07 1.07 1.07 1.11 1.11 1.11 1.11 1.11 1.11 1.11 1.11 1.11 1.11 Sec.-fl. 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.35 l.M 1.40 1.40 1.10 0.80 0.55 0.43 0.43 0.43 0.43 0.43 0.43 0.43 0.43 0.43 0.43 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 Feel. 1.11 1.11 1.13 1.13 1.13 1.13 1.13 1.09 1.00 1.09 1.09 1.09 1.00 1.09 1.07 1.07 1.07 1 07 1.07 1.07 1.07 1.07 1.15 1 15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 Sec.-fl. 0.80 0.60 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.51 0.51 Feet. 1.15 1.15 1.15 Sec.-fl. 0.8 0.8 3 0.8 4 b 5 7 9 ... 10 0.51 0.51 0.51 0.51 11 12 13 . . a 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0..35 0 35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1,05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.04 1.04 1.04 1.04 1.04 0.51 0.43 0.43 0.43 0.43 0 43 0.43 0.43 0.43 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 15 17 19 20 21 22 - 23 24 25 ■ o to a No observations made. b Creek frozen. Monthly Discharge of Hay Creek at Hay Creek School, Sask., for 1911. (Drainage area, 30 square miles.) Discharge in Secontj-Feet. Run-Off. Month. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square Mile. Depth in Inches on Drainage Area. Total in Acre-feet. March (24-31") 18.6 14.9 4.4 1.1 4.9 0.35 1.4 0.8 0.8 1.50 1.40 0.40 0.19 0.35 0.31 0.31 0.43 0.80 4.750 6.060 1.110 0.379 1.150 0.038 0.608 0.610 0.800 0.158 0 202 0.037 0.013 0.038 0.011 0.020 0.020 0.027 0.047 0.225 0,043 0.014 0.011 0.007 0.022 0.023 0.003 75.4 April 361.0 May 68.0 22.6 July (1-8) 18.0 August (14-31) 12.0 36.0 37.5 November fl-3) 4.8 .395 635.3 H.\Y Creek at Fauquier's Ranxhe, Sask. This station was established on April 22, 1909, bv F. T. Fletcher. It is located on the N.E. J4 Sec. 30, Tp. 10, Rge. 25, \V. 3rd Mer., about seven miles southeast of Maple Creek. It is situated below the intake of H. Fauquier's irrigation ditch, and also below the intake of the Maple Creek waterworks. Hence, records of flow obtained at this station do not represent the total discharge of the stream. The flow of springs below the Maple Creek waterworks intake, HA Y LAKE DRAINAGE BASIN 251 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d together with drainage, and the overflow from the Maple Creek waterworks give a continuous flow in the creek above the station. This flow, which is very largely the overflow from the Maple Creek waterw orks, varies greatly, depending upon the consumption of water by the town of Maple Creek and by the Canadian Pacific Railway. The disappearance of water before reaching this station is explained, in part, by the fact that Mr. Fauquier diverts water into his irrigation ditch. The remainder of the water must seep through the gravel of the creek-bed before it reaches this station. The fact that springs break out a short distance below the gauge and give a continuous flow (so far as is known) seems to bear out the seepage theory-. The channel is straight for 100 feet above and 200 feet below the station. Both banks are high and not liable to overflow. The bed of the stream is composed of sand and coarse gravel, and is liable to shift at high stages. The current is sluggish during low water, but is very swift at high stages. Discharge measurements are made near the gauge by wading and at very low stages a weir is used. The initial point for soundings is a square stake driven close to the ground on the left bank, marked "I. P." The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is fixed to a post at the left bank. It is referred to bench-marks as follows: — (1) a spike-head in the top of the initial- point stake on the left bank (elev., 6.62 feet above the zero of the gauge); (2) a "broad-arrow" marked with red paint on a large rock in the foundation of a frame out-building close to the gauge (elev., 9.34 feet above the zero of the gauge). During 1911, the gauge was read by Mr. H. Fauquier. Discharge Me.a.surements of Hay Creek at Fauquier's Ranche, Sask., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. Mar. 24 . . G. H. Whyte Feet. SO 5.0 Sq.-ft. 11 75 3 35 Ft. per sec- 1 1.58 0.61 Feet. 2.65 1.18 1.04 1.03 1 06 Sec.-.n. 18 53 April 26 do 2 04 May 31 do 0.487* July 19 do 0 294* Aug. 21 do 0 323* * Weir measurement. Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Hay Creek at Fauquier's Ranche, Sask., for 1911. Xo. 25tl— 9 252 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEOBGE v., A. I«12 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Hay Creek at Fauquier's Ranche, Sask., for 1911. — Con. July. August. September. October. November. Day. Gauge Heiglic. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feet. 0.75 1.40 0.72 0.60 0.62 0.55 0.53 0.53 0.55 0.52 0.50 0.50 0.49 0.40 Do- Sec.-ft. 0.49 3 9 0 41 0.18 0 21 0.11 0.09 0.09 0 11 0 07 0.05 0.05 0.04 Nil Feet. Dry 0 52 0.50 0.60 0.55 0.54 0.50 0.49 0.45 Dry Sec.-ft. Nil 0.07 0.05 0.18 0.11 0.10 0.05 0.04 0.01 Nil Feet. Dry 0 58 0.63 0.82 0.87 0.58 0 54 0.53 0.50 0.48 0.50 0.54 0.51 Dr>- 0.45 0.55 0 53 0.51 0.48 0.52 0.56 0.00 0 55 0.54 0.54 0.53 O..^ 0..iO Sec-ft. Nil 0 15 0.23 0.68 0.84 0.15 0.10 0.09 0,05 0 03 0 05 0 10 0 06 Nil 0 01 0 11 0,09 0.06 0.03 0.07 0.13 0.18 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.07 0 03 Feet. 0.49 0.54 0.61 0.63 0.55 0.54 0.52 0.52 0 53 0.51 0.53 0.54 0.53 0.50 0.52 0.58 0.58 0.60 0.55 0.57 0 55 0.54 0.57 0.60 0.61 0.62 0.63 0.63 0.62 0.63 0.68 Sec.-ft. 0.04 0.10 0.19 0 23 0.11 0.10 0.07 0.07 0.09 0.06 0.09 0.10 0 09 0.05 0.07 0.15 0.15 0.18 0.11 0.14 0 11 0.10 0.14 0.18 0 19 0.21 0.23 0.23 0.21 0.23 0.23 Feet. 0.70 0.71 0.70 0.69 0.60 0 59 Frozen Sec-ft. 0 37 2 0 39 3 0 37 4 0 35 5 0 18 6 0 17 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 IS 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 26 27 29 30 31 Monthly Discharge of Hay Creek at Fauquier's Ranche, Sask., for 1911. (Drainage area. 32 square miles.) Discharge in Second-Feet. Rinj-Opr. Month. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square • Mile. Depth in inches on Total in Drainage Acre-Feet. Area. ; March (22-31)... 5.50 4.70 1.37 2.00 3.90 0.18 0.84 0.33 0.39 0.37 0.33 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.17 2.110 0.066 1.140 0.036 0.310 0.010 0.142 0.004 0.187 0.006 0.020 0.001 0.120 0.004 0.140 0 004 0.305 0.009 0 024 I 42 0.040 1 68 May 0.012 1 19 0.004 1 8 July 0 007 i 12 August 0.001 , 1 September 0 .004 1 7 0,005 ' 9 November (1-6) 0 002 1 4 The period 0.090 170 BIG STICK LAKE DRAINAGE BASIN 253 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Miscellaneous Discharge Measurements of Hay Lake Drainage Basin, in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Stream. 1 1 Location. | Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Discharge . June 12 G. R.Elliott.... do do Hay Creek Br. c do Spring do Feel. f S. E. 16-10-25-3 * Sq. Feel. Feet per Sec. Sec.-FI. 0 600 N.W. 3-10-25-3 • 0 150 do N.W. 10-10-25-3 * 0 106 do .1 N.E. 3-10-25-3 * 0.213 * Weir measurement. BIG STICK L.'\KE DRAINAGE BASIN. General Description. This lake is one of the largest in the northern Cypress Hills district. It is situated in town- ship 15, range 25, west of the third meridian, covers an area of 35 square miles, is alkaline in character, and has no outlet. Maple Creek, which rises in the Cypress Hills, with its tributary. Gap Creek, is its only source of supply. On the south and east the lake is bounded by the sandhills. The drainage area is 820 square miles. The valley of Maple Creek is quite flat and shallow, and the surrounding bench-land is gently rolling prairie. The annual precipitation is about twelve inches, and most of it falls during May, June and July. There are several small irrigation ditches in the basin. Maple Creek at Maple Creek, Sask. This station was established May 9, 1908, by R. J. Burley. It is located at the highway bridge just north of the Canadian Pacific Railway tracks in the town of Maple Creek, on the road allowance east of the N.E. H Sec. 16, Tp. 11, Rge. 16, W. 3rd Mer. The channel is straight for 200 feet above and 100 feet below the station. Both banks are comparatively low, and will overflow at high-water stages of the stream. The bed of the stream is composed of sand, and may shift during flood stages. The current is moderate at high and sluggish at low stages of the stream. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is attached vertically to a pile on the upstream side of the bridge. The zero is referred to a permanent iron bench- maiic located on the right bank and on the west side of the road allowance. Discharge measurements are made from the downstream side of the bridge. The initial point for sounding is the inner face of the right, or south, abutment of the bridge. Low-water measurements are made at a point about fifty feet upstream from the gauge by wading, and at very low- stages a weir is used. The light, sandy soil of the banks gives rise to a great amount of erosion during flood stages, and this fact, coupled with that of the low banks of the stream, makes this station a rather unsatisfactory one for gauging purposes. The bridge is not at right angles to the flow and measurements made from the bridge must be corrected. The gauge was read daily by R. G. Williamson, from March 23 to June 23, and by Tom Williams from July 27 to November 4. Discharge Measurements of Maple Creek at Maple Creek, Sask., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. Mar. 23 G. H. Whyte Feel. 38,0 40.9 33 0 37.9 38.0 38.0 38.0 33.0 19.0 Sq.-fl. 78.07 121.20 54.15 61.44 55.70 55.70 55.70 37.05 16.10 Fl. per sec. 0.734 0.965 0.510 0.532 0 297 0.328 0.357 0.177 0.003 Feel. 2.950 3.800 2.185 2.225 1.940 1.930 1.920 1.520 0.710 0 300 1.140 0.740 Sec.-Jl. 57.28 Mar. 25 do 116.90 April 13 M. H. French 27.59 April 22 G. H. Whyte 32.71 May 5 M. H. French 16 59t May 5 do 18.2SJ May 5 do 19.90* May 29 do 6.59 June 23 do 0.05* Aug. 18 do Nil. Sept. 11 do ... 30.0 20.0 i 27.30 1 18.90 0.063 0.008 1.71 Oct. 16 do 0.15* * Weir measurement. t Gauging made at a poor cross-section upstream, with meter of pattern No. 623. j Gauging made at the same cross-section with meter of pattern No. 618. * Gauging made at the same cross-section with meter of pattern No. 600. 254 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1913 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Maple Creek at Maple Creek, Sask., for 1911. March. April. May. June. Day. Gauge Dis- Height. charge. Gauge Dis- Height. charge. Gauge Height. Fat. 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 Dis- charge Sec.-ft. 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 Gauge Height. Feel. 1.50 1.49 1.48 1.48 1.46 1.45 1.44 1.87 1.87 1.87 1.70 1.55 1.45 1.40 1.36 1.00 0.90 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.71 Dis- charge. 1 Feet. Sec.-fl. Feet. Sec.-ft. 2.00 15 0 1 80 11.0 1 fiO 6.5 1.30 3.0 1.30 2.8 1.70 9.5 2.00 18.0 Sec.-ft. 7.0 2 6.8 3 6.6 6.2 5 1.75 12.0 1.75 12.0 6.2 6 6.0 7 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1 70 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 11 0 5.8 8 2.80 3.10 4.25 4 75 3.70 2.15 2 30 2.24 6. SO 2 30 4.05 2.45 2.10 50.0 19.0 182.0 246.0 129.0 26 0 34 0 31 0 34 0 34 0 164.0 42.0 24.0 16.0 9 , 16.0 10. 16.0 11 . 11.0 12 170 11.0 8.0 13 1.80 1.60 1.50 1.40 1.40 1.30 1.30 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.55 1.55 1.55 1 55 1,55 1.55 1.55 1.52 1.50 14.0 9.0 7.0 5.0 5 0 4.0 4.0 3.5 3.5 3.5 8.0 8.0 8.0 8 0 8 0 8.0 8.0 7.4 7.0 6.0 14 S.O 15 4.6 16 V 1.3 17 .., 0.8 18 0.1 19 0.1 20 0.1 21 2.30 34.0 0.1 22 >. 2.16 2.37 2.20 2.00 1 90 1 70 1.60 1.70 1.70 27.0 38.0 29.0 20.0 17 0 11 0 9.0 11 0 11.0 0.1 3.40 3.41 3.69 2 90 2.52 2 28 2.40 2.32 2,26 87.0 87.0 108.0 53.0 33 0 23.0 29.0 25.0 24.0 0.1 24 27 . . . ■ 29 31 \ BIG STICK LAKE DRAINAGE BASIN 255 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 23d Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Maple Creek at Maple Creek, Sask., for 1911. — Con. Day. July. Gauge Height Dis- charge August. Gauge . Dis- Height. charge. September. Gauge Height. Dis- charge October. Gauge Height. Dis- charge, November. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Feet. Sec.-fl. 6 7 8 .. 9 10 11 ., 12 13 14 15 . . . 16... 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 0.59 0.56 0.54 0.48 0 43 Nii 28 .... 29 30 31 Feet. 0.44 0.43 0.41 0 40 0.38 0.38 0.37 0.36 0.36 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.33 0.33 0.31 0.30 0.29 0.29 0.28 0.26 0.18 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0 16 Sec.-ft. Feet. 0.15 0.14 0.19 0.31 0.47 0.64 0.87 1.45 1.32 1.20 1.14 0.94 0.87 0.74 0.66 0.66 0.66 0.66 0.66 0.66 0.66 0.66 0.66 0.06 0.66 0.86 1.16 1.10 0.92 0.92 Sec.-fl. Nil 0.7 6.0 4.2 3.0 2.4 1.0 0.7 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 1 0.6 2.6 2.0 0.9 0.9 Feel. 0.89 0.86 0.84 0.82 0.90 0.97 1.19 1.19 1.12 0.96 0.96 0.92 0.82 0.74 0.74 0.74 0.74 0.74 0.78 0.87 0.87 0.88 0.90 1.21 1.27 1.20 1.10 1.07 1.01 0.90 0.96 Sec.-fl. 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.8 1.2 2.9 2.9 2.2 l.l 1.1 0.9 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 3.1 3.7 3.0 2.0 1.8 1.4 0.8 1.1 Feel. 0.97 0.99 0.94 0.91 Sec.-fl. 1.2 1.2 1.0 0.8 Note. — The records for March. April, May. and June are only approximate as the obser\'er was either incom- tent or careies and did not perform his duties satisfactorily. There were no obser\-ations from June 24 to July 20, but there was considerable rain during the last few days of June, and the run-off during the period of no observations is estimated a t 370 acre-feet. .Monthly Discharge of Maple Creek at Maple Creek, Sask., for 1911. (Drainage area, 87 square miles.) Month. Discharge in Second-Feet. Run-Off. Minimum. Mean. I Per square Mile. Depth in inches on Drainage .\rea. Total in Acre-feet. March (23-31) . . . April May June (1-23) July (27-31) August September October November (1-4). The period 108.0 246.0 14.0 16.0 00.0 00. 0 6.0 3 7 12 23.0 2.8 3.5 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.8 52.1 45.2 8.7 5.6 0.0 0.0 0.9 1.2 1.0 0.599 0.520 0.100 0.064 0.000 0.000 0.010 0 . 138 0.011 0.200 0.580 0.115 0.055 0.000 0.000 0 Oil 0.159 0.012 1.132 930. 2,690. 535. 258. 00. 00. 54. 74. 8. 4549. Note. — The records for March, April. May, and June are only approximate. July 26 is estimated at 370 acre-feet. Run-o£F from June 24 to 256 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 Maple Creek near Maple Creek, Sask. 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 This station was established on May 4, 1910, by H. R. Carscallen. It is one mile north of the town of Maple Creek, on the bridge between Sees. 27 and 28, Tp. 11, Rge. 16, W. 3rd Mer. The channel is straight for a distance of 100 feet upstream and 10 feet downstream. The right bank is high and sandy. The left is low, with a gradual slope, and is liable to overflow. The stream is sandy and liable to shift. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is securely fastened to the downstream side of the second pile from the right abutment. It is referred to two bench marks, viz.: (1) two spikes in the downstream side of the plank wing at the right abutment, marked "B.M." (elevation, 9.37); (2) a spike-head in a five-inch post on the right bank, 35 feet west of the gauge and marked "B.M." (elevation, 9.42). Because of apparent inaccuracies in observations, the gauge-height records for 1911 are not considered satisfactory' and have not been used. There is, therefore, no table of daily gauge- height and discharge for 1911. Discharge Measurements of Maple Creek near Maple Creek, Sask., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. Mar. 25 Mar. 31 G. H. Whyte do Feel. .. 40.0 27 5 Si.-ft. 72.25 51.77 20.26 56.51 41.81 31.06 Ft. per sec. 1.118 i 0.451 1.392 0.102 0.102 0.008 Feel. 5.2.iO 3.695 3.740 3.520 3.010 2.700 2.680 Sec.-fl. 80.750* 23 338t April 22 do 26.6 28.440 May 5 M. H. French do 30.0 29.0 15.930 May 30 4.280 June 22 ... do .... 27 0 1 0 270t July 17 G. H. Whyte 0.355 J • .Anchor drift i + Floating ice. X Weir measure ce and snow, ment. White Ditch near Cypress, Sask. This station was established on June 15, 1911, bv W. A. Fletcher. It is located in the S.W. K Sec. 1, Tp. 9, Rge. 27, W. 3rd Mer. The gauge, which consists of a board divided into feet and inches, is nailed to a stake driven in the ditch. The zero of the gauge is referred to the top of a stump on the left bank and up- stream from the gauge. Discharge measurements are made with a weir. Gap Creek at Small's Ranche, Sask. This station was established .\pril 25, 1909, by F. T. Fletcher. It is located on the S.E. ]4 Sec. 4, Tp. 10, Rge. 27, \V. 3rd Mer., about 400 yards west of the sur\-eyed trail from Maple Creek to Tenmile and about 12 miles south of Maple Creek. The channel is straight for 60 feet above and 500 feet below the station. The right bank is high, and will not overflow except at verv' extreme flood stages; the left bank is much higher than the right, and will not overflow at any stage of the stream. The bed of the stream is com- posed of loose, coarse gravel. The current is sluggish. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is spiked firmly to a vertical post sunk in the bed of the stream at the right bank and securely stayed to the bank. The zero (elev., 66.62) is referred to a permanent iron bench-mark (assumed elev., 100.00), near the McShane Creek bridge, and about 1,000 feet south of the gauge. Discharge measurements are made at ordinan.' stages with a current-meter by wading, and from a cable-car at high stages. The initial point for soundings is a seven-eighths inch iron pin on the right bank. It stands about four inches above ground and is protected by a mound of stones. It is also about three feet west of the northwest corner of a log building used as a cattle shed. During 1911, the gauge was read by William Small. There are a few small irrigation ditches in course of construction above this station, but during 1911 little or no water was diverted. BIG STICK LAKE DRAINAGE BASIN SESSIONAL PAPER No. 2Sd Discharge Measurements of Gap Creek at Small's Ranche, Sask., in 1911. 257 Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. April 14 M. H. French Feet. 24.0 44.0 22.0 34.0 Sg.-ft. 28.74 24.20 19.40 47.10 Ft. per sec. 0.780 0.238 0.074 1.230 Feet. 2.47 2.25 2.14 2.81 Sec.-ft. 22.31 May 8 do 5 78 do 1.43* June 26 do 58 10 July 29 do Nil. Aug. 18 do 16.10 16.10 29.55 1.90 1.90 2.55 Nil. Aug. 21 do Nil. do 29.0 6.895 26.46 * Weir measurement. Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Gap Creek at Small's Ranche, Sask., for 1911. Day. March. Gauge Dis- Height. charge April. Gauge Height Dis- charge May. Gauge Height Dis- charge. June. Gauge Dis- Height. charge. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31 Feel. I Sec.-ft. 2.98* . 3.09* . 3 04* . 3.49* . 3.64* . 2.84 2.75 3.25 2.89 2.63 2.65 2.71 2.74 2.74 2.47 63.0 50.0 146.0 70.0 36.0 38.0 45.0 49 0 49 0 21.0 Feet. 2.24 2.20 2.25 2.65 3.25 3.40 2.46 2.40 2.40 2.81 2.95 3 08 2 80 2.83 2.73 2.46 2.40 2 38 2.40 2 50 Sec.-ft. 15.0 8.8 5.1 5.6 6.0 5.6 3 8 6.0 t 38.0 tl46.0 tl81 0 20.0 15.0 15.0 58.0 81.0 107.0 57.0 61.0 43.0 44.0 53.0 45.0 21.0 26.0 20 0 15.0 13.7 15.0 23.0 Feet. 2.72 2.70 2.65 2.70 2.55 2.42 2.36 2.30 2.22 2.19 2.21 2.23 2.25 2.18 2.15 2.18 2.30 2.30 2 25 2.19 2.35 2.40 2.34 2.27 2.20 2.19 Sec. ft. 46 0 44.0 38.0 44.0 28.0 17,0 12.4 4.2 5.1 6.0 3.1 2.0 3.1 8.8 8.8 6.0 3.4 3.1 2.0 3.8 11.8 11.8 11.8 15.0 11.2 7.2 3.8 3.4 Feet. 2.14 2.10 2.08 2.06 2.06 2.05 2.11 2.23 2.23 2.21 2 14 2.10 2.06 2.02 2.00 1.97 1.95 1.94 1.92 1.93 2.30 2.18 2.21 2.15 2.17 2.84 2.35 2.26 2.20 2.15 Sec.-ft. 1.8 0.9 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.3 l.I S.I 5.1 4.2 1.8 0.9 0.4 O.I Nil. 3 1 4.2 2.0 2.7 t63.0 til. 8 6.6 3.8 2.0 258 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 Daily Galge Height and Discharge of Gap Creek at Small's Ranchc, Sask., for I'JU. — Con. Ju Gauge Height. y- Dis- charge. August. Septe nber. Dis- charge . October. November. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1.... 2 ,. 3 4 Feel. 2 45 3.16 2.50 2.34 2.34 2.34 2.23 2.14 2.10 2.10 2.07 2.05 2.01 2.00 2.00 1.98 1.96 1.96 1.96 1.95 1.95 1.94 1.93 1.92 1.91 1.90 1.88 1.88 1.87 1.87 1.89 Sec.-ft. 19 0 1125.0 23.0 11.2 11.2 11 2 5.1 IS 0.9 0.9 0.5 0 3 0.1 Nil Feet. 1.89 1.88 1.88 1.87 1.91 1 94 1.95 2 20 2.37 2.23 2.14 2 08 2.02 1.99 1.95 1.94 1 93 1.92 1.91 1 91 1 90 1 89 1.89 1.88 1.88 1.90 1 90 1.87 1.S6 1,85 1 85 Sec.-ft. Nil 3.8 13.0 5.1 1.8 0.7 0 1 Nil Feel. 1.84 1.84 1.85 2.00 3.80 5 26 3.53 2.77 2.56 2 44 2.30 2.30 2.26 2 23 2 19 2 15 2 15 2 15 2.14, 2.14 2 15 2.16 2 18 2.34 2 37 2.39 2.32 2.25 2.23 2.20 Nil 1280.0 1645 .0 1212.0 53.0 29.0 18.0 12.4 8.8 6.6 5.1 3.4 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.8 2.0 2.4 3.1 11.2 13.0 14.0 10.0 6.0 5.1 3.8 Feel. 2.17 2.15 2.18 2.50 2.40 2 30 2 25 2.20 2.16 2.16 2.14 2 12 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.12 2.15 2.17 2.17 2.25 2.31 2.32 2.24 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.18 Sec.-ft. 2.7 2.0 3.1 23.0 15.0 8 8 6.0 3.8 2.4 2.4 1 8 1.3 0.9 0.9 0.9 0 9 0 9 0.9 1.3 2.0 2.7 2.7 6.0 9.4 10.0 5.6 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.1 Feet. 2.18 2.14 2.12 2 20 2.23 2.25 2.20 2.18 2.18 2.18 2.18 2 18 2.18 2.18 2 18 Sec.-ft. 3.1 1.8 1.3 3 8 5 5 1 6 6 0 7... 3 8 8 3 1 9 3 1 10 3 1 11 , 31 12 ! :.:. 3 1 13 3.1 14 : 3.1 15 3 1 16 17 18 ■ , 19 20 21 22 23. . 24 25 27 29 . . 31 . ' * Ice in stream. Not sufficient data to compute the discharge. t Spring freshet- 1 Heavy rain. Monthly Discharge of Gap Creek at Small's Ranche, for 1911. (Drainage area, 129 square miles.) Discharge in Second-Feet. Run-Off. Month. The period . ] Maximum. I Minimum. 1 Mean. . Per square Mile. Depth in inches on Drainage Area. 1 . IS? Total in Acre -feet March (22-31) 146.0 181.0 46.0 63.0 125.0 13.0 645.0 23.0 6.0 21.0 3.8 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 1.3 56.7 38.6 12.3 4.4 6.8 0.8 45.1 4.4 3.3 0.440 0.299 0.095 0.034 0.053 0.006 0.350 0.034 0.026 0.164 0.334 O.UO 0.038 0.061 0.007 0.390 0.039 0 014 1.125. 2.297. May 756. 262. Julv 418. 49. September 2.6S4. October. 270. November (1-15) 99. 7.960. McShane Creek at Small's Ranche, Sask. This station was established .\pril 2.3, 1909, by F. T. Fletcher. It is located on the S.W. Vi Sec. 3, Tp. 10, Rge. 27, \V. 3rd Mer., at the highway bridge on the surveyed trail from Maple Creek to Tenmile, about 12 miles south of Maple Creek. It is about 600 feet above the mouth BIG STICK LAKE DRAINAGE BASIN 259 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d of the creek and about 500 feet from \Vm. Small's house. Mr. Small diverts water from the stream for irrigation purposes, and as the intake of his ditch is above the station, records of daily flow do not represent the full discharge of the creek when water is being used in the ditch. The channel is straight for 100 feet above and 200 feet below the station. Both banks are high and not liable to overflow. The bed of the stream is composed of coarse gravel, and shifts at high stages. The current is swift. The gauge, which is a plain stafif graduated to feet and hundredths, is attached firmly to the right abutment on the downstream side of the bridge. The zero of the gauge (elev., 85.71) is referred to a permanent iron bench-mark (assumed elev., 100.00), located just east of the bridge upon the north side of the diversion of the road allowance. It stands about four inches above ground and is protected by stones. High-water measurements are made from the downstream side of the bridge. The initial point for soundings is the inner face of the right abutment of the bridge. Low-water measure- ments are made near the gauge by wading and at very low stages a weir is used. During 1911, the gauge was read by William Small. Discharge Measurements of McShane Creek at Small's Ranche, Sask., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. 1 Width. Azea of Section. 1 Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. Ap 15 July 29 M. H. French do Feet. ...' 14.5 Sq.-ft. 5.24 Ft. per sec. 0.437 Feet. 0.79 Sec.-ft. 2 283 Nil Aug. 18.. do Nil Sept 10 do 0.45 Nil • * Small seepage through gravel. Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of McShane Creek at Small's Ranche, Sask., for 1911. March. April. May. June. Gauge Height Dis- charge . Gauge Height Dis- charge. Gauge Height Dis- charge. Gauge Height Dis- charge. I Feel. Sec.-ft. Feel. 0.57 0.14 Nil 0.61 1.05 0.91 0.87 0.57 0.50 0.57 0.78 0.90 0.90 0.80 0.85 0.80 0.84 0.85 0.82 0.75 0.74 0.72 0.65 0.62 0 85 0.73 Sec.-ft. 0.6 Nil 0.8 6.6 3 9 3.3 0.6 0 2 0.6 2,2 3.7 3.7 2 4 3 0 2 4 2.9 3.0 2 7 1.9 1.8 1.6 10 0.8 3 0 1.7 Feel. 0.82 0.83 0.75 0.75 0.65 0 55 0.55 0 06 Dry 0.56 0 10 Dry. 0.72 0,49 Dp- 0 72 0,65 0.70 0.70 0,69 0,60 0,5,0 Dry Sec.-ft. 2.7 2.8 1.9 1,9 1.0 0 4 0.4 Nil 0.5 Nil 1.6 0.2 Nil 1,6 1.0 1.4 1.4 1.3 0.7 0 4 Nil Feel. Dry. 0,80 0 63 0,23 Dry Sec.-ft. Nil 2 3 4 5 •• 6 7 >• 8 2 5 9 .... 0 9 10 Nil 11 12 13 1. 14 13 16 ,, 17 1.13 0 94 1 02 1.14 1,07 0 90 0.93 0.98 0.85 0.73 0.68 0 76 0.80 0,84 0 76 8.5 4 4 5,9 8,7 7,0 3,7 4 2 5.1 3.0 1.7 1.3 2 0 2.4 2.9 2.0 18 • • 19 20 • • 21 22 23 24 25 26 •• 27 • • 28 29 ... . <• 30 31 260 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1011 2 GEOBGE v., A. 1912 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of McShane Creek at Small's Ranche, Sask., for 1911.— Continued. July- August. September. October. November. Day. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feel. 1.03 1.02 0.74 0.65 0.70 0.53 Dry Sec.-ft. 6.2 S.9 1.8 1.0 1.4 0.4 Nil Feel. Dry 0.84 0.57 Dry •• Sec.-ft. NU 2.9 0.6 Feel. Dry 1.00 1.35 0.90 0.74 0.72 0.26 Dry 0.84 0.74 0.70 0.35 Dry Sec.-ft. Nil 5.5 14.0 3.7 1.8 1.6 Nil 2.9 1.8 1.4 Nil Feel. Dry " 0.85 0.70 0.52 Dry 0.72 0.60 Dry Sec.-ft. Nil s'.o 1.4 0.3 Nil 1.6 0.7 NU Feel. Dpr Secft. NU 2 3 • t 4 • 1 5 • • 6 ,, 7 •• 8 •« 9 • • 10 11 ,, 12 •t 13::::::::::::::::::::::::::: •• 14 •• is: •t 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 25 26 1 28 > 29 30 I Monthly Discharge of McShane Creek at Small's Ranche, Sask., for 1911. (Drainage area, 24 square miles.) Month. Discharge in Second-Feet. Maximum. Minimum, Mean. Per square Mile. Rira-OFF. Depth in inches on Drainage Area. Total in Acre-feet. March (17-31). April May June July August September October November (1-15). The period 8.7 6.6 2.8 2.5 6 2 2.9 14.0 3.0 0.0 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 1.1 0.2 0.0 0.175 0.075 0.029 0.004 0.021 0.004 0.005 0.008 0.000 0.098 0.084 0.033 0.004 0.024 0.005 0.006 0.009 0.000 0.263 125. 107. 43. 6. 31. 6. 66. 18. 00. 402. Note. — To the above must be added the water diverted by William Small's irrigation ditch which took a large percentage of the year's run-oflf. There is a small flow near the head of the creek all summer, but it disap- pears in the gravel, evaporates, or is diverted by ditches, and the creek is dry almost all summer at the gauging station. BIG STICK LAKE DRAINAGE BASIN 261 SESSIONAL P.\PER No. 25d Gap Creek near Maple Creek, Sask. This station was established on May 3, 1910, by H. R. Carscallen. It is located at the traffic bridge on the road allowance between Sec. 31 and 32, Tp. 11, Rge. 26, \V. 3rd Mer., which is about four and a half miles north of the town of Maple Creek. The channel is straight for about 60 feet above the station, but is slightly curved for about 100 feet below. The left bank is high and the right low, but the stream is not liable to overflow. The bed is sandy, and shifts during flood stages of the stream. During high water, discharge measurements are made from the bridge, and during ordinary stages by wading. The initial point for soundings is marked on the north end of the bridge in red paint. The bridge is not at right angles to the direction of the current, and a co-efficient is applied to the measured discharge to obtain the actual discharge. The discharge is determined in extreme low water by means of a weir. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is nailed to the down- stream end of the south pier of the bridge. It is referred to a point marked "B.M." in red paint on the top of the cap of the left abutment (elevation, 13. 4S above zero). During 1911, the gauge was read by R. B. Williamson. Discharge Measurements of Gap Creek near Maple Creek, Sask., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean \'elocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. Mar. 23 . G. H Whyte. Feet. 29.7 44.0 47.6 27.9 46.4 44.0 44.0 44.0 4.0 Sq.-ft. 43.71 30.19 98.00 26.76 38.58 9.40 9.40 7.92 1.22 Ft. per sec. 1 .796 1.536 1.760 1.760 0.744 1 0.561 0.605 j 0.702 0.541 Feet. 3 205 2.300 3 720 2.380 2.345 1.560 1.560 1 550 . 1.270 Sec.-ft. 78 49* Mar. 31 do 46 37 April 11 M. H. French 172 20 April 22 G. H. Whyte 47.33« May 4 M. H. French 28 73 May 31 do 5.26 May 31 do S 69 June 22 ... do .... 5 56 July 17 G. H. Whyte 0 66* * Gauged below station. 262 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1812 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Gap Creek near Maple Creek, Sask., for 1911. March. April. May. June. July. Day. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feet. Sec.-/t. Feet. 2,20 2.90 2.00 1.84 1.70 1.80 1.80 2.90 3.00 4.35 ♦4.85 4.53 3.80 3.85 3.96 3 96 4.00 4 76 2.86 2 71 2.48 2 35 2.45 2.40 2,40 2,38 2.37 2,35 2.34 2.32 Sec.-ft. 37,0 94.0 25.0 19.0 14 0 8.0 16,0 85,0 94 0 251,0 307,0 274 0 185,0 192,0 207. 0 209.0 214.0 306.0 86,0 72 0 54 0 45 0 52,0 48,0 47.0 44.0 42.0 39.0 37.0 35.0 Feet. 2.30 2.28 2,27 2 26 2,25 2,20 2,18 2,16 2 15 2,12 2 09 2.10 2.00 1 70 1.70 1.60 1.60 1 60 1,50 1,70 1,70 1,70 1,60 1.80 1.90 1.90 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.66 1.50 Sec.-ft. 32 0 29.0 27.0 25.0 25.0 23,0 22,0 21,0 21,0 20,0 19,0 19,0 16,0 8.0 8.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 4.2 8.0 8.0 8,0 6.0 10.0 13.0 13.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 7.2 4.2 Feel. 1.55 l.Sl 1.50 1.61 1.39 1.44 1.39 1.39 1.39 1.41 1.49 1.44 1.34 1.36 1.40 1.38 1.35 1.20 1.18 1.16 1.20 1 27 1.30 1.34 1.50 1.92 2.39 2.15 1.94 1.64 Sec.-ft. 5.1 4.4 4.2 0.2 2.4 3.2 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.7 4.0 3.2 1.6 1.9 2.5 2.2 1.8 NU 0.7 10 1.6 4.2 14.0 32.0 21.0 14.0 6.8 Feet. 2.41 5.43 3.80 3.70 3 40 2.76 1.83 1.68 1.59 1.54 1.47 1.44 1.40 1.37 1.36 1.32 1.32 1.28 1.28 1.28 1.26 1.25 1.23 1.19 Sec.-ft. 33 0 2 t361 0 3 163.0 4 151 0 5 117.0 6 56.0 7 11.0 8 7.5 9 5.8 10 4.9 11 3.7 12 13 3.2 2.5 14 2.0 15 I. a 16 1.3 17 1.3 18 0.8 19 0.8 20 0.8 0.6 2'' 0.5 3.20 3.50 3.66 2.86 2.40 2.16 2.30 2.28 2.25 78 6 115,0 141.0 66.0 36.0 27.0 38 0 39.0 41.0 0.3 24 Nil 25 26 27 28 30 31 * Obser\'ation made in the evening and may not be the mean for the day. t Heavy rain. Note. — The creek was dry from July 24 to Sept. 4. Rain on Sept. 5. 6 and 7 produced a large during the first part of September, but as an observer could not be secured no records of it were obtained. n-ofif Monthly Discharge of Gap Creek near Maple Creek, Sask., for 1911. (Drainage area. 295 Square miles.) Discharge in Second-Feet. Run-Off. Month. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square Mile. Depth in inches on Total in Drainage Acre-feet. Area. March (23-31) 141.0 307.0 32.0. 32.0 361.0 27.0 8.0 4.2 0.0 0.0 64.6 104.6 14.1 4.9 38.8 0.219 0.355 0.048 0.017 0.132 0.073 0.396 0.055 0.018 0.118 1.153 April 6.224 May 867 292 Tulv (1-24^ 1.843 0.660 10.379 .\fANY ISLAND LAKE DRAIN.AGE BASIN 263 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d MiscELLANEOis DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS of Bigstick Lake Drainage Basin, in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Stream Location. Width. Area of Mean. Section. Velocity. Discharge. May 9..'. M. H. French. ... Cypress Creek.. . Sec. 6-9-27-3 June 2 1 do ...' do .,] do May 11 1 do ... Maple Cieek S.E. 16-11-26-3 Feel. Sq. Feet. 5 80 3.89 Feet per Sec. 10.75 5.55 Sec.-Ft. 1.340 0.691 5.195 * Weir measurement. MANY ISLAND LAKE DRAINAGE BASIN. General Description. Many Island Lake, about 25 square miles in area, is situated on the boundary line between the provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan about ten miles north of the town of Walsh. It is the farthest west of the several lakes which receive the drainage of the north slope of the Cypress Hills. The water is shallow and alkaline. Its only source of water-supply is Mackay Creek with its tributaries, Stony and Bo.xelder Creeks. The topography of the basin is very rough, and with the exception of a little timber around Mc.Alister Lake at the head of the basin, the country is practically devoid of tree growth. The channels of all streams are deep and well defined. There is no irrigation work being done at present in this basin south of the main line of the Canadian Pacific Railway. The annual precipitation, most of which falls during May, June and July, is usually about twelve inches. The run-otf, therefore, all occurs in the first part of the summer and generally after that there is none for the remainder of the year. East Branch of Mackay Creek at Grant's Ranche, Alta. This station was established on October 13, 1911, by M. H. French. It is located in the N.W. li Sec. 36, Tp. 10, Rge. 1, \V. 4th Mer., about 100 feet north of Arthur Grant's house. It is about five miles south of \Valsh and one mile above the junction of the east and west branches of Mackay Creek. The channel is straight for 50 feet above and below the station. The right bank is a cut- bank and will never overHow. The left bank is rather low, covered with brush, and will overflow in extreme floods. The bed of the channel is composed of coarse gravel, and will not shift. Discharge measurements are made with a current-meter by wading. The initial point for soundings is the face of a five-inch stake on the right bank, ten feet from the water's edge, and is well protected by a mound of stones. The final point is a willow stump on the left bank, 45.1 feet from the initial point and protected by a mound of stones. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is nailed to a post sunk in the bed of the stream near the right bank and just below the cross-section. The zero of the gauge (elev., 93.54) is referred to a bench-mark on the top of the initial-point stake (assumed elevation, 100.00) and to a bench-mark on the top of the final point (elev., 99.29). The gauge was read by Arthur Grant. Discharge Measurements of East Branch Mackay Creek at Grant's Ranche, Alta. in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Mean Section. Velocity. Gauge Height. 1 Discharge. Oct. 13 M.H.French Feet. 16.7 Sq.-ft. \ Ft. per sec. 12.54 ! 0.223 Feel. 1.00 Sec.-ft. 264 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 Mean Daily Gauge Height, in feet, of East Branch Mackay Creek at Grant's Ranche, Alta., for 1911. Day. Oct. Nov. 1 0 94 2 0 94 3 0 94 4 0 94 5 0 97 6 1 00 7 0 9.5 8 0 94 9 0 92 10 • 11 J 12 13 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.05 1.07 1.10 1.13 1.13 1.13 1.12 1.17 1.15 1.15 1.08 1.06 1.00 1.07 0.98 0.96 14 15 '. 16 ;'.... „ 17 18 19 22 24 27 . . 28 29 31 * Creek frozen. West Branch of Mackay Creek at Schneider's Ranche, .\lta. This station was established on October 12, 1911, by M. H. French. It is located in the S.W. M Sec. 23, Tp. 10, Rge. 2, \V. 4th Mer., about 1000 feet from Jacob Schneider's house. It is twelve miles by trail southwest of Walsh. The channel is straight for about 100 feet above and below the station. Both banks are high and not liable to overflow. The bed of the channel is composed of sand and gravel. Discharge measurements are made with a current-meter by wading. The initial point for soundings is a four-inch stake on the left bank standing about three inches above ground and protected by a mound of stones. The final point is a similar stake on the right 50.5 feet from the initial point. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is nailed to a post sunk in the centre of the stream eighteen feet below the cross-section. The zero of the gauge (elev., 95.26) is referred to the top of the initial-point stake (assumed elevation, 100.00) and to the top of the final point (elev., 102.26). The gauge was read by Jacob Schneider. There is no flow for several months during the year at this point. Mack.\y Creek at Walsh, Alta. This station was established on July 29, 1909, by F. T. Fletcher, It is located at the traffic bridge half a mile south of the Canadian Pacific Railway track at Walsh. The bridge is on the N.W. Ji Sec. 26, Tp. 11, Rge. 1, W. 4th Mer. The channel is straight for about 225 feet above and 500 feet below the station. Both banks are clean, but liable to overflow at high stages. The bed is clean, composed of clay, and not liable to shift. The current is sluggish. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is nailed to an upright timber on the upstream side of the bridge near the right abutment. During high water, discharge measurements are made from the downstream side of the bridge. At low stages, the discharge is measured by wading, and at e.xtreme low water, a weir is used. During 1911, the gauge was read by George Sept, general merchant, Walsh. MANY ISLAND LAKE DItilNACE BASIN SESSIONAL PAPEB No. 2M Discharge Measurements of Mackay Creek at Walsh, Aha., in 1911. 265 Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. May 6 J. C. Keith Feet. 14.5 12.5 7.4 14.0 57.0 13.5 Si.-ft. 20.17 14.45 2.35 21.72 164.81 18.35 Ft. per sec. 0.50 0.27 0.57 6.71 1.27 0.448 Feet. 1.10 0.86 0.54 1.25 4.43 1.045 Sec.-Jt. 10.95 May 24 do 3 96 do 1.34* July 6 do 14.59t 210.08 8.22 Sept. 6 Oct. 27 do * Gauging made 250 yards above traffic bridge, t Gauging made from bridge. Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Mackay Creek at Walsh, Alta., for 1911. March. April. May. June. Day. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feel. Sec.-fl. Feet. 0.94 0.40 * * Sec.-ft. 6.8 0.3 Feet. 1.43 1.52 1.42 1.28 1.17 1.09 0.92 0.91 0.76 0.67 0.65 0 65 0,77 0.68 0.62 0.73 1.26 1.15 0 88 0.80 0.77 0.74 0.90 0.92 1 02 1.06 1.22 1.13 1.04 0.92 0.80 Sec.-fl. 20.0 23.0 20.0 15.0 12.0 10.0 6.5 6.2 4.0 2.6 2.3 2.3 4.0 2.7 2.0 3.4 15.0 12.0 5.7 4.5 4.0 3.6 6.0 6.4 8.4 9.2 13.6 10.9 8.8 6.4 4.5 Feel. 0.69 0.64 0.55 0.47 0.57 0.52 0.45 0.53 0.51 0.52 0.44 0.40 0 55 0.24 0.19 0.14 0.40 Dry 0.90 1.00 1.15 0.90 0.77 0.66 Sec.-fl. 2 9 2 2 2 3 1 2 4 0 6 5 * 1 4 6 * 0.36 0.51 1.78 2.31 2.57 1.31 0.96 0.83 1.29 2.70 2.37 1.91 2.01 1.92 1.81 1.84 1.65 1.48 1.43 1.23 1.21 1.17 1.23 "6. 2' 0.8 33.0 58.0 71.0 16.0 7.0 5.0 16.0 79.0 60.0 38.0 42.0 39.0 34 0 36.0 28.0 21.0 20.0 14.0 13.0 12 0 14.0 0 9 7 0 5 8 9 10 0.9 11 12 0 3 13 1 2 14 Nil 15 16 ,j 17 1, 18 M 19 1.62 1.75 2.50 1 72 27.0 32 0 67.0 31.0 14.0 30.0 30.0 19.0 8.8 7.6 4.4 10 0 11.0 .« 20 21 „ 22 .1 23 1.22 1.71 1.71 1.40 1.04 0.98 0.79 1.10 1.12 ■ 1 24 -. (. 25 26 27 11 5 28 29 30 2 5 31 266 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Mackay Creek at Walsh, Alta., for 1911. — Con. July. August. September. October. November. Day. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Frel. 1.29 3.56 1.77 1.21 1.25 1.24 0.93 0.74 0.66 0.57 0.50 0.49 0.43 0.29 0 20 0.11 0.10 0.06 0.02 Do- Sec.-ft. 16.0 137.0 33.0 13.0 14.0 14.0 7.0 3.6 2.5 1.4 0.7 0.7 0 4 Nil Feet. Dry Sec.-ft. Nil Feet. Dry 0.65 4.58 6.22 3.15 2.55 1.52 1.25 1.06 0.92 0.80 0.72 0.64 0.57 0.56 0.58 0.82 0.70 0.67 0.70 0.82 0.96 1 02 0.96 0.87 0.78 0.74 Sec.-ft. Nil ;; 2.3 222.0 388.0 108.0 70.0 23.0 14.5 9.2 6.5 4.5 3.3 2.2 1.5 1.3 1.5 4 8 3.0 2.7 3.0 4.8 7 2 8.4 7.2 5.5 4.2 3.6 Feet. 0.77 0.72 0.69 0.79 1.16 1 02 0 91 0.S3 0.76 0.70 0.66 0.64 0 60 0.58 0.60 0.58 0.56 0.60 0.66 0.67 0.70 0.75 0.78 1.00 1.03 1 20 0.92 0.80 0.75 0.78 0.82 Sec.-ft. 4.0 3.3 2.9 4.4 11.8 8.4 6.2 4.9 3.9 3.0 2.5 2.2 1.7 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.7 2.5 2.6 3.0 3.8 4.2 8.0 8.6 13.0 6.4 4.5 3.8 4.2 4.8 Feel. 0.86 0.60 0.66 0.65 0.65 0.56 0 72 0.78 • « 2.30' 1.10 1.21 1.40 Sec.-ft. 5.4 1.7 2 3 4 2.3 6 7 8 9... 10... 11... 12... 13... 14.. 15... 16 1.3 3.3 4.2 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 23 26 27 28 29 30 31 Frozen over. Ice conditions Nov. 8 to Nov. 15. Monthly Discharge of Mackay Creek at Walsh, .\lta., for 1911. (Drainage area. 201 square miles.) Discharge in Second-Feet. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square Mile. Run-Ofi-. Depth in inches on Drainage Area. Total in Acre-feet. March (19-31) . . April May June July August September October November {IS) . The period 67.0 79 0 23.0 11.5 137.0 00.0 388.0 13.0 5.4 4 4 0,0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3 1.3 22.40 22.10 8.23 1.74 7.80 0.00 30.50 4.40 2.90 O.IIl 0.110 0.041 0.009 0.039 0 000 0.152 0.022 0.014 0.050 0.120 0.0.50 0.010 0.040 0.000 0.170 0.030 0.004 0.474 577 1315 506 105 480 000 1815 270 46 5114 MANY ISLAND LAKE DR/IINAGE BASIN 267 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d BoxELDER Creek near Walsh, Alta. This station was established May 24, 1909, by P. M. Sauder. It is located at John Young's farm on Sec. 2, Tp. 12, Rge. 30, W. 4th Mer., two miles east of Walsh. The stream flows in one channel, which is crooked both above and below the gauge. The banks are high and not liable to overflow. The bed of the stream is composed of clay. Discharge measurements are generally made by wading at or near the gauge, but during floods it may be measured from the Canadian Pacific Railway bridge a few hundred feet below the gauge. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is attached to a post at the right bank. It is referred to bench-marks as follows; — (1) the top of the frame of the outside cellar entrance of Mr. Young's house (elevation, 17.36 feet); (2) two spikes driven near the southeast corner of Mr. Young's house (elevation, 16.40 feet above the datum of the gauge). During 1911, the gauge was read by John Young. Discharge Measurements of Boxelder Creek near Walsh, Alta., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. May 6 J. C. Keith Feel. 9.5 9 0 8.0 13.6 30.0 SQ.-fl. 5.36 4.48 2.98 15.94 55.50 Ft. per sec. 0.710 0.540 0.270 0.788 0.540 Feel. 1 05 0.95 0.76 2 04 3 42 Sec.-ft. 3.825 May 24 do . . 2 394 June 10 . do 0 810 July 6 do 12 560 .Sept. 6 do 29.8101 Nil. Oct. 27 do t Gauging made from the C.P.R. bridge. Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Boxelder Creek near Walsh, Alta., for 1911. March. April. May. June. D.\v. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height Dis- charge . Gauge Height Feet. 0.65 0.53 0,50 0.50 Do- 1.15 0 90 0.75 0.55 0.30 Dry • " 2.75 2.05 1.50 1.15 Dis- charge . 1 Feel. Sec.-ft. Feet. 0.95 0.55 0.60 0.55 0.50 Dry 1.80 2 55 2.60 1 75 1.05 0.95 1.50 3.05 3.70 2.35 2 30 2 30 1.83 1,95 1.80 1.50 1.45 1.30 1 30 1 10 1.00 Sec.-ft. 2.4 0 4 0.5 0.4 0.2 Nil 10 0 18.0 19.0 9.8 3.2 2.4 7.3 24.0 34.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 11.0 12.0 10 0 7.3 6.8 5.4 5.4 3 6 2.8 Feel. 1.50 2.05 1.95 1.80 1.30 1.07 1.00 0.90 0.85 0.70 0.70 0.65 0.55 0.50 0.50 0.55 0.90 1.65 1.05 0.95 0.70 0.65 1.70 0.95 1.15 1.05 1.05 1.10 0.95 0.85 0.75 Sec.-ft. 7.3 13.0 12.0 10.0 3.4 3 4 2.8 2 0 1.8 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.4 0 2 0.2 0.4 2.1 8.8 3 2 2.4 0.9 0.7 9.3 2 4 4.0 3.2 3.2 3 6 2.4 1.8 1.2 Sec.-ft. 0 7 2 0 4 3 -. 4 0 "^ 5 ^ Nil 6 7 8 • • 9 . 4 0 10 2 1 11 12 13 14 15 16 4.30 3.70 3 20 3.50 3.40 2.65 2.55 2.55 2.35 2.90 3.10 3.60 1.50 2.45 2.65 2.00 1.25 0.95 0.85 1.00 1.20 45 0 34.0 26.0 31 0 29.0 20.0 18 0 18.0 16.0 23.0 25.0 32 0 7 0 17.0 20.0 12.0 5 0 2.4 1.8 2.8 4.5 1.2 0.4 Nil •17 •• 18 tt 19 20 21 22 23 •• 24 25 •• 26 ,, 27 .\. 21 0 28... .:.::;:.:^: ;;: 13 0 29 30 31 4.0 268 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1»12 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Boxelder Creek near Walsh, Alta., for 1911. — Con. Day. July- Gauge Height Dis- charge. August. Gauge Height Dis- charge. September. Gauge I Dis- Height.i charge. October. Gauge [ Dis- Height, charge. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Fett. 1.70 6.30 5.00 2.80 2.85 2.20 1.80 1.35 1.15 0.90 0.85 0.65 0.55 0.50 0.50 Dry. Sec.-ft. 9.3 99 0 60.0 21.4 22.0 14 0 10.3 5.8 4.0 2.1 1.8 0.7 0.4 0.2 0.2 Nil Fttt. Dry Stc-ft. Nil Pett. Scc.-fl. Dry 3.40 3.42 5.95 6.15 4.70 3.50 2.25 1.70 1.45 1.25 1.15 1.00 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.85 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0 90 0.85 2.60 1 95 0.90 0.90 Nil 29.0 30.0 88.0 94.0 53.0 31.0 15.0 9.3 6.8 5 0 4.0 2.8 2.1 2.1 2.1 1.8 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 2.1 1.8 19.0 12.0 2.1 2.1 Feel. 0.75 0.70 0.60 0.50 0.65 1.25 1.15 0.95 0.80 0.75 0 70 0.60 0.45 0.25 S«.-/(. 1.2 0.9 0.5 0.2 0.4 5.0 4.0 2.4 1.4 1.2 0.9 0.5 0.1 NU Monthly Discharge of Boxelder Creek near Walsh, Alta., for 1911. (Drainage area, 99 square miles.) Month. Discharge in Second-Feet. Run-Off. Maximum. Minimum . I Mean. Per square MUe. Depth in inches on Drainage Area. Total in Acre-feet. March (11-31). April May June .". . July August September October (1-14. The period .... 45.0 34.0 13.0 21.0 99 0 00.0 94 0 5.0 1.8 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18.56 8.13 3.57 1.82 8.10 0.00 14.02 1.34 0.186 0.082 0.036 O.OIS 0 0S2 0.000 0.142 0.135 0.148 0.091 0.042 0.020 0.095 0.000 0.158 0.070 0.624 783 484 220 108 498 000 834 37 2964 ROSS CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN 269 SESSIONAL PAPER Nd. 25d Miscellaneous Discharge Measurements of Many Island Lake Drainage Basin, in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Stream. Location. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Discharge . June 16 Nov 4 M. H. French.. W. A. Fletcher. M. H. French... do McKay Creek... do McKay Cr East Br McKav Creek West Br Sec. 21-9-1-4 FeH. 58. Ftel. Feel per Sec. Sec.-Fl. * 0.185 Sec. 23-13-1-4. Sec. 36-8-1-4. Sec. 36-8-2-4 . * 1.760 July 25 * 0 440 do » 0 300 * Weir measurement. ROSS CREEK DR.AINAGE B.\SI\. General Description. Ross Creek rises in Elkwater Lake, a small body of water covering an area of approximately two square miles, situated in Tp. 8, Rge. 3, west of the fourth meridian. The creek flows in a northerly direction as far as Ir\"ine and then turns sharply to the westward, and closely parallels the main line of the Canadian Pacific Railway to Medicine Hat. Here it is joined by Seven- persons River, and the combined flow empties into the South Saskatchewan in Sec. 32, Tp. 12, Rge. 5, west of the fourth meridian. The tributaries of Ross Creek are Bullshead Creek, which joins it in Sec. 21, Tp. 12, Rge. 5, west of the fourth meridian, and Grosventre Creek, which joins it in Sec. 14, Tp. 11, Rge. 3, west of the fourth meridian The topography of this basin is exceedingly rough and rolling and almost totally devoid of tree growth. The one exception is a small area of the Forest Reserve, just south of Elkwater Lake, which has a good stand of pine and spruce. The Canadian Pacific Railway takes the water-supply for its tank at Irvine from Ross Creek. Ross Creek at Robinson's Ranche, Alta. This station was established on October 11, 1911, by M. H. French. It is located about ^00 feet south of James Robinson's house, in the N.VV. ^ Sec. 24, Tp. 9, Rge. 3, \V. 4th Mer., and is about thirty miles southeast of Medicine Hat. The channel is straight for about 75 feet above and 50 feet below the station. Both banks are high enough to carr>- all stages of the stream. The bed of the stream is composed of very .coarse gravel and will not shift. The fall of the stream at this point is ver\- great. Water runs here all summer, but the •discharge being verj- small, it is soon lost by seepage and evaporation a short distance down- stream. Discharge measurements are made with a current-meter by wading. The initial point for sounding is a five-inch stake on the right bank 56 feet from the water's edge. It is painted red and is protected by a mound of stones. The final point for soundings is a stake on the left bank 103.2 feet from the initial point. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is nailed to a post sunk in the bed of the stream near the right bank, eighteen feet above the cross-section. The zero of the gauge (elev., 92.91 )is referred to the top of the initial-point stake (assumed elevation, 100.00) and to the top of the final point (elev., 99.41;. The gauge was read by James Robinson. Discharge Measurements of Ross Creek at Robinson's Ranche, Alta., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. Oct 11 M. H. French Feet. 14.3 ' Sq.-fl. 1 4.58 1 Fl. per sec. 0.555 Feet. l.ll Sec.-fl. 270 STREAM MEASUREMENTS. 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 Mean Daily Gauge Height, in feet, of Ross Creek at Robinson's Ranche, Alta., for 1911. Day Oct. Nov. 1 1 15 2 •. . ... 1 13 3 -. 1 13 4 1.16 5 1 14 6 1 1 12 7 1 12 8 1 09 9 1 OS 10 1 00 11 1.11 1.11 1.11 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.13 1.16 1.19 1.20 1.20 1.22 1.24 1.30 1.35 1.40 1.35 I.IS 1.13 1.13 0 75 18 0 75 13 0 70 14 0 60 15 0 60 16 17 19 22 24 .-. 26 27 29 31 * Creek frozen. Grosventre Creek at Tothill's Farm, Alta. This station was established on October 10, 1911, by M. H. French. It is located about 50 feet west of Mr. Tothill's house in the S.E. }i Sec. 27. Tp. 9, Rge. 4, west of the 4th meridian, and is about 28 miles southeast of Medicine Hat. This stream runs ever>' spring while the snow is melting, and is then dry during the remainder of the summer e.vcepting after a heav>' fall of rain when the water conies down in a flood. The channel is straight for 50 feet above and 100 feet below the station. Both banks are high enough to hold all stages. The bed of the stream is composed of coarse gravel, and is not liable to shift. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is firmly nailed to a ■post sunk in the bed of the stream near the right bank, eighteen feet above the cross-section. The zero of the gauge (elev., 94.12) is referred to the top of a rock (assumed elev., 100.00), sit- uated on the left bank just behind a stake used as the initial point for soundings. This rock is about two feet long, stands out of the ground about one foot, and is about 40 feet from the water's edge in low water. Discharge measurements are made with a current-meter by wading. The gauge was read daily by Kate Tothill till it froze up in November. The flow was only a small seepage through the gravel. Discharge Measurements of Grosventre Creek at Tothill's Farm, Alta., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. Oct. 10 . . M. H. French Feet. 13.5 Sq.-ft. 6.33 Ft. per sec 0.042 Feet. 0.50 Sec-Jt. 1 0.27* * Gauged down stream. Plate No. 30. Canadian Pacific Railway Company's Dam in Russ Creek at Irvine. Pl.\te No 31. Gauging Station on Ross Creek at Irvine. Taken by J. C. Keith. ROSS CREEK DR.iINAGE B.iSIX 271 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Grosventre Creek at TothiU's Farm, Alta., for 1911. October November. Day. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feel. Sec.-ft. Feel. 6.52' 0.52 0.64 0.74 0.62 0.64 Frozen Open. Sec.-Fi. 2 3 5 G .s 9 10 ■ 0.50 0.47 0 46 0.46 0.46 0.46 0 48 0.47 0.56 0.54 0.54 0.57 0.58 0.60 0.61 0.58 0 .55 0 ^5 11 .... 12 13 14 IS 16 . .. 17 IS 19 ..... 20 21 . 22 23 24 25 :.. 26 27 Ice on Creek 0.56 0 55 0.54 29 31 Ross Creek at Irvine, .\lta. This station was established on July 28, 1909, by F. T. Fletcher. It is located at the traffic bridge in the town of Irvine, on Sec. 31, Tp. 11, Rge. 2, west of the 4th meridian, and about 400 yards below the Canadian Pacific Railway dam. The stream flows in one channel, which is slightly curv'ed for 75 feet above the station, and almost straight for 600 feet below. The banks are composed of clay, high and not liable to overflow. The bed is composed of sand and gravel, and may shift at high stages. Discharge measurements are made from the downstream side of the bridge during high stages of the stream, and during low water it is waded. During extreme low water a weir is used. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is spiked to the down- stream pile of the first row from the left abutment. It is referred to bench-marks as follows: — (1) the top of the downstream pile in the first row from the left abutment (elevation, 15.52 feet above the datum of the gauge); (2) the top of the south rail of the Canadian Pacific Railway track (elevation, 23.11). During 1911, the gauge was read by H. G. Price. Discharge Measurements of Ross Creek at Irvine, Alta., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. May 6 J. C. Keith Feel. 10.0 12.0 3.1 15.7 32.0 Sq.-fl. 5 00 7 08 0 46 11.71 75.86 Ft. per sec. 1 074 1 140 0.344 1.340 1.520 Feel. 1.18 1 31 0.79 1.70 4.14 1 05 Sec-fl. 5 372* May 24 do June 12 do 0 167 July 7 do Sept. 7 do 115 680 Oct. 28 do 9 300 • Gauging 200 feet upstream. 272 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Ross Creek at Irvine, Alta., for 1911. March. April. May. June. Day. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Ftet. Sec-fl. Fed. 1.70 1.42 1.12 0.92 0.92 0.95 0.80 0.82 1.35 2.60 3.82 3.15 2.75 2 06 3.55 4.11 3.82 3.36 2.28 2.16 2.08 2.00 1.98 1.90 1.85 1.84 1.85 2.15 2. HI 2.08 Stc.-fl. 15.0 9.8 4,7 1.8 1.8 2.2 0.5 0 7 8.6 42.0 98.0 64.0 48.0 24.0 84,0 115.0 98.0 75 0 .30.0 27.0 25.0 22.0 22,0 20 0 19.0 19.0 19.0 27.0 25,0 2.3 0 F«(. 1.98 1.89 1.79 1.78 1.77 1.20 1.20 1.18 1.17 1.16 1.16 1.16 1.15 1.16 1.16 1.18 1.17 1.17 1.19 1.22 1.20 1.18 1.23 1.29 1.39 1.46 1.46 1.32 1,31 1.30 1.2S Sec-fl. 22.0 20.0 17.0 17 0 17.0 6.0 6.0 5.7 5.5 5.4 5 4 5,4 5.2 5.4 5.4 5.7 5.5 5,5 5.8 6.3 6.0 5.7 6.5 7.5 9.2 10.0 10.0 8.0 7.9 7.7 7.4 Feel. 1.28 1.28 1 26 I 24 1 21 1.17 1.14 1.12 1.10 1 02 0.87 0.80 0.78 0.75 0.72 0.72 0.72 0.72 0.72 0.72 0.72 0.72 0.70 0,70 0.70 0.70 0.91 0.94 1.18 1.20 Sec-fl. 2 7 4 3 4 6 7 5 0.04 0.02 0.22 lis 3 28 2.38 2.89 3.92 3. 48 3.60 3.25 4.58 2.18 3.35 5.15 4.60 5.00 4.60 3.32 2.46 2.75 1.95 1.82 1.76 1.84 1.89 2.00 Nil 5.7 71.0 34.0 54.0 103.0 81.0 87,0 70.0 143.0 28.0 74.0 177.0 144.0 168.0 144 0 73 0 36.0 48.0 21.0 18.0 17.0 19.0 20.0 22.0 6 5 5 7 8 4 7 9 10 3 1 11 12 0 5 13 14 0 2 15... 0 1 16 0 1 17 18 0 1 19 0 1 20 0 1 21 0 1 22 0 1 23 0 0 24 0 0 25 0 0 26 0 0 27 2 1 29 5 7 6 0 31 ROSS CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN 273 SESSIONAL PAPER N«. 25d Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Ross Creek, at Irvine, Alta. for 1911. — Con. July. August. September. October. November. Day. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feet. 1.26 3.98 3.80 3.50 2.70 2.10 1.74 1.44 1.26 1.01 0.98 0.96 0.84 0.80 0.76 0.74 0.73 0.72 0.70 0.69 0.69 0.69 0.69 0.69 0.69 0.69 0.69 0.69 0.69 0.69 0.69 Sec.-ft. 7.0 107.0 97.0 82.0 46.0 25.0 16.0 10.0 7.0 3.0 2.6 2 3 0.9 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 NU Feet. 0.69 0.69 0.69 0.69 0.69 0.69 0.85 1.02 1.10 1.09 1.08 1.06 0.98 0.90 0.82 0.78 0.74 0.74 0.74 0.74 0 74 0.74 0.74 0.74 0.74 0.74 0.74 0.74 0.73 0.73 0.73 Sec.-ft. Nil 10 3.1 4.4 4.2 4.1 3.8 2.6 1.6 0.7 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Feel. 0.73 0.73 0.85 1 66 2 62 4.30 4.10 3.30 2.45 1.86 1.59 1.40 1.28 1.26 1.23 1.19 1.09 1,04 1.02 1.04 1.05 1.04 1.12 1.20 1.29 1.24 1.20 1.14 1.10 1.06 Sec-fl. 0.2 0.2 1.0 14.5 43.0 126.0 114.0 72.0 36.0 19.0 13.0 9.4 7.4 7.0 6.5 5.8 4.2 3.4 3.1 3.4 3.6 3.4 4.7 6.0 7.5 6.7 6.0 5.0 4.4 3.S Feel. 1.02 1.00 1.10 1.18 1.25 1.24 I 19 1.14 1.08 1.03 0.98 0.96 0.99 1.02 1.02 1.01 1.02 1.04 1.08 1.11 1.14 1.15 1.14 1.12 1.11 1.10 1.08 1.06 1.04 1.03 1.07 Sec.-ft. 3.1 2.8 4.4 5.7 6.8 6.7 5.8 5.0 4.1 3.3 2.6 2.3 2.7 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.4 4.1 4.6 5.0 5.2 5.0 4.7 4 6 4.4 4.1 3.8 3.4 3.3 3.9 Feet. 1.01 1.01 1.00 0.99 0.99 0.99 0 99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 1.00 1.00 See.-ft. 3.0 2 3 0 3 2.8 4 2 7 5 2 7 6 2 7 7 2 7 8 2 7 9 2 7 10 ... 2 7 11 2 7 12 2 7 13 2 7 14 2 8 15 2 8 16 17 18 19 20 21 . . . 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Monthly Discharge of Ross Creek at Irvine, Alta., for 1911. (Drainage area, 240 square miles.) Month. Discbarge in Second-Feet. Maximum, Minimum . Mean. Per square MUe. Run-Off. Depth in inches on ' Total in Drainage i Acre-feet. Area. March (5-31) April May June July August September October November (1-15). The period 177.0 115.0 22.0 7.4 107.0 4.4 126.0 6.8 3.0 0.0 0.5 5.2 0.0 0.0 0,0 0.2 2.3 2.7 61.30 32.40 8.49 2.54 13.10 0.93 18.00 4.10 2.76 0.255 0.135 0.035 0.011 0.055 0.004 0.075 0.017 0.012 0.256 0.151 0.040 0.012 0.063 0.005 0.084 0.020 0.007 0.638 3284 1928 522 151 805 57 1071 252 82 8152 Blxlshead Creek at Clark's Ranxhe, Alta. This station was established on October 9, 1911, by M. H. French. It is located about 200 feet north of Mr. Clark's house, in the N.W. 14 Sec. 15, Tp. 9, Rge. 5, west of the ith meridian, and is about 25 miles from Medicine Hat. The channel is straight for about 100 feet above and below the station. Both banks are high enough to carry anything but an extreme flood. The bed of the stream is composed of coarse gravel and small stones, and will not shift. 274 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 Discharge measurements are made by wading at a section about 1133 feet below the gauge. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is firmly nailed to a post sunk in the bed of the stream near the left bank. The zero (elev., 95.28) is referred to the top of a six-inch stake, four feet long, driven Hush with the ground, situated thirteen feet south of the gauge and protected by a mound of stones (assumed elev., 100.00). The gauge was read by Mr. Edward Clark. Discharge Measurements of Bullshead Creek at Clark's Ranche, Alta., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean ' Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. Oct. 9 .. M. H.French Feet. 16.0 Sq.-ft. 3.80 Ft. per sec. 0.184 Feet. 1.18 Sec.-fl. 0.70« * Gauged 100 feet down stream. Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Bullshead Creek at Clark's Ranche, Sask., for 1911. 26. 27. 2S. 29. 30. 31. Day. October. November. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feel. Sec.-/t. Feet. 1,28 1 25 1 29 1 30 1.35 1.40 1.35 1 25 1.20 Frozen Over. Sec.-ft. 2 3 5 ; fi 7 ! 8 - .'. 1 9 1 18 1 19 1,19 1 19 1.18 1.19 1.18 1.18 1.17 1.25 1 20 1,25 11 12 i 13 15 16 18 20 21 ' 22 ■, .... 1.30 1.32 1 35 1 .30 23 24 25 1 30 1.25 1.25 1 25 1 30 1 27 Starks asd Burton Ditch ne.\r Woolchester, .^lta. This station was established on October 9, 1911, by W. A. Fletcher. It is located on the S.E. M Sec. 17, Tp. 11, Rge. 5, \V. 4th Mer., about 260 feet below the head-gate at the intake to the ditch. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and inches, is nailed to a post at the right bank. The zero of the gauge (elev., 97.87) is referred to the top of a stake (assumed elev., 100.00), in the right bank and six feet upstream from the gauge. The ditch is straight for 2.50 feet above and 50 feet below the gauge. The cross-section is uniform, and the bed and banks of the ditch are in good condition at this point. SEVENPERSONS RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d 275 Discharge measurements may be made with a current-meter by wading near the gauge at ordinary stages and with a weir at very low stages. No water was used after the gauge was installed. BULLSHEAD CREEK NEAR Dt NMORE, .AiTA. This station was established July 26, 1909, by F. T. Fletcher. It is located at the traffic bridge on the S.W. J4 Sec. 16, Tp. 12, Rge. 5, W. 4th Mer. It is four miles from Medicine Hat, and one mile above the junction of Ross and Bullshead Creeks. The stream flows in one channel, which is straight for about 200 feet above and 450 feet below the station. The banks are high, clean and not liable to overflow. The bed is composed of sand, and shifts. During high water discharge measurements are made from the bridge, but during low water the discharge is measured by wading, or by means of a weir. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is spiked to the down- stream side of the first row of piles from the right abutment. It is referred to the following bench-marks:) — (1), a spike driven in the top of the centre row of piles (elevation, 7.39); (2) the top of a wooden plug driven Hush with the ground in the road mound on right bank (elevation, 6.34). During 1911, the gauge was read by G. G. Trimble. Discharge Measurements of Bullshead Creek near Dunmore, Alta., in 1911. Hydrographer. Width. -Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. Fetl 25. May May June 12. July 7. Sept. 9. Nov. 1 . . C. Keith do do do do do Sq.-ft. i Fl. per sec. fi 7 6.7 2,46 1 87 0 77 0 52 9.3 10.1 2.0 4.59 7.25 0 43 1 17 1 98 0 44 Feel. 0.68 0.70 0 55 0.97 1.15 0.60 Sec.-fl. 1.900 0.970 0.012 5.390 14.340 0.190 Miscellaneous Discharge Measurements of Ross Creek Drainage Basin, in 1911. Date Hydrographer. Stream. Location. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Discharge . . M.H.French.. do . W. A. Fletcher. Ross Creek... . do ... do ... . . Sec. 23-9-3-4. . . Sec. 36-8-3-4. . . N.E. 7-12-3-4. Feel. S3. Feet. Feet per Sec. Sec.-Ft. • 0.71 JlJy 24 * 0 85 Oct. 28 * 0-42 * Weir measurement. SEVENPERSONS RIVER DR-^N.^GE B.\SIN. General Description. Sevenpersons River lies between the South Saskatchewan River and the Cypress Hills, and empties into the South Saskatchewan River at Medicine Hat. The catchment area consists almost entirely of open level prairie, with a small rainfall and ver>' little run-off. During the early spring freshets and after \ery heavy rains there is a good flow for a few days, but at other times the stream is either dr>- or almost dry. The soil is good, and dr\- farming is carried on quite successfully, but, owing to the limited water supply, irrigation is not likely to be attempted. Records on this stream are taken for general statistical purposes. Sevenpersons River at Medicine Hat, Alta. This station was established on .\pril 27, 1910, by H." R. Carscallen. It is located in the N.E. }<4 Sec. 30, Tp. 12, Rge. 5, \V. 4th Mer., at the bridge on the road from Medicine Hat to Dunmore Junction and about one and a half miles east of the Canadian Pacific Railway station at Medicine Hat. 276 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEOBGE v., A. 1912 The channel is straight for about 100 feet above and below the station. Both banks are high and wooded. The stream-bed is sandy and liable to change at high water. During high-water stages, discharge measurements are made with a current-meter. The initial point of soundings is the inner face of the left abutment of the bridge. Low-water mea- surements are made with a weir. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is attached to the west, or left, abutment of the bridge. It is referred to two bench-marks, viz.; — (1) the top of a bolt- head in the cap of the right abutment (elevation, 10.41 above the datum of the gauge); (2) the head of a spike driven into a large stump about 100 feet east of the gauge (elevation, 11.40 above the zero of the gauge). Because of apparent inaccuracies in observations, the gauge-height records for 1911 are not considered satisfactory and have not been used. There is, therefore, no table of daily gauge- height and discharge for 1911. Discharge Measurements of Sevenpersons River at Medicine Hat, Alta., in 1911. Date. 1 Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Discharge. Height. Mav 8 I. C. Keith Feel. 6.8 55.-//. 1.17 Fl. per sec. 0.480 Feet. 0.840 0.780 0.540 1.385 0.540 0.550 Sec.-fl. 0 571 May 25 . . . ; ; do 0.208» tune 12 i do 0.008* 15.5 14.52 2.216 32.290 Sept 9 do 0.009* 2.2 0.25 6.430 0.107 • Weir measurement. LAKE JOHNSTON DRAINAGE BASIN. General Description. Lake Johnston lies about twenty miles southwest of the City of Moose Jaw. It is about twenty-five miles long and fifteen wide and covers an area of nearly five townships. Almost all the drainage into the lake comes from the south and west through Wood River. The main tribu- taries of Wood River are Wiwa Cree,k Notukeu Creek, Pinto Creek and Wood Creek. These drain a large area, but, owing to the limited rainfall and the small slope of the drainage basin, the run-off is comparatively small. Lake Johnston has no surface outlet and there has been no surface flow from Lake Chaplin to Lake Johnston for several years, but it will be noted that the elevation of the two lakes is the same. There is often considerable flow in Wood River in the spring, and there is always some discharge, but ^the lake has during recent years receded. The lower' part of Wood River has a \ery small fall, and is more of the nature of a long slough than that of a running stream. The channel is from twenty to fifty feet wide, and is from two to five feet deep. The bottom is composed of soft clay and is covered with weeds and grass. There is so little fall that it would be impossible to take out water by gravity and a dam would flood a large area of good agricultural land. There is, therefore, little possibility of irrigation development in this basin. This drainage basin includes a large area of very good agricultural lands. These are pretty well taken up by settlers and are being farmed with good results. ROCKY CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN 277 SESSIONAL PAPEB No. 2Sd Miscellaneous Discharge Measurements of Lake Johnston Drainage Basin, in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Stream. Location. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Discharge ■ June 13 July 10. July 29. Aug. 12. June 28. June 22. June 25. June 25. June 25. June 25. June 25. June 25. June 25. June 25. June 26. July 24. July 26. Sept. 20 June 13. June 26. Julys.. July 29. July 31. Aug. 11. Sept. 14 Sept. 19 June 12. Julys.. July 31. Aug. 11. June 25. July 24. Aug. 1.. Sept. 19 Sept. 26 Sec. 14. June 26. June 25. June 26. Sept. 12 Sept. 14 Sept. II Sept. 11 . Sutherland do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do Bull Creek do do do Chaplin River.. Creek. A., do do do do do do do do do do McDonald Creek Mosquito Creek Notukeu Creek, do do do do do do do Pierce Creek. . . do do do Pinto Creek.. . . Sixmile Creek. . Whiskey Creek.. do Wiwa Creek do Wood River, do do do do Wood Creek do S.W. 6-8-14-3 . . do do do S.W. 12-14-3-3.. Sec. 20-4-3-3.. Sec. 28-7-5-3.. S.W. 24-5-7-3.. N.W. 9-5-6-3. . N.W. 4-5-5-3. . N.E. 4-5-5-3.. N.W. 5-5-5-3. , S.W. 3-5-5-3 . . S.E. 24-5-7-3. S.E. 21-5-9-3. Sec. 20-4-3-3 . . Sec. 25-9-8-3 Sec. 20-11-10-3. N.W. 3-9-14-3.. N.E. 24-11-5-3. N.W. 3-9-14-3.. Sec. 18-9-14-3. . Sec. 29-9-12-3.. N.W. 18-9-13-3. N.E. 24-11-5-3. Sec. 5-11-10-3.. S.W. 34-10-14-3 do S.W. 36-9-13-3. S.W. 34-10-14-3 Sec. 23-8-6-3... S.W. 17-4-4-3 . . S.E. 36-11-13-3.. S.W. 17-11-10-3 Sec. 36-12-5-3.. do Sec. 31-9-4-3... S.E. 23-5-7-3... N.W. 9-5-10-3. . N.W. 18-10-4-3. N.W. 4-13-4-3. . Sec. 20-4-3-3... N.E. 4-6-3-3... Feet. St. Feel. 1.09 12.8^ 11.8 13.89 9. 88 10.0 IS. 8 12.2 32.0 "7.6' 4.31 15.7 5.87' Feet per Sec. 0.23 0.61 oiso" 1.20 0.36 1.21 0.53 0.74' Sec.-Ft. • 0.202 • 1 249 • 0 139 • 1.163 0.000 • 0.050 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.262 0.000 0.344 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.100 0.000 0.000 • 0.309 3.830 • 2.257 • 0.139 0 670 • 0.056 4.180 11.760 • 0.505 • 0.629 0.030 • 0.446 0.050 0.050 1.530 » 1.183 0.000 0 000 6.760 0.030 0.000 5.210 8.270 » 0.822 4.360 * Weir measurement. ROCKY CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN. General Description. Rocky Creek lies between Frenchman River and Poplar River. With its many tributaries it drains the southwestern slope of Wood Mountain. The main stream has its source in Tp. 3, Rge. 5, west of the third meridian, and crossing the international boundary near the southwest corner of Sec. 2, Tp. 1, Rge. 6, west of the third meridian, eventually finds its way into Milk River near Hinsdale in Montana. There is only a small portion of the drainage basin of this stream in Canada. Owing, possibly, to the elevation, the precipitation in the upper part of this basin is a little above the average for the surrounding prairie. All the streams in the basin have a good flow during the spring freshet period, but soon recede, and most of the time they are all dry or have water only in pools, except the main stream, which generally has at least a small flow at all seasons. The upper portion of the drainage basin consists of rolling prairie land very much cut up by coulees and ravines. There are small areas of hea\'y gumbo land, but for the most part the soil is good and productive, and that portion of the drainage basin lying in Canada is quite suitable for ranching or mixed farming. Being remote from railways, very little of the land has been taken up by settlers. 278 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 Owing to the rolling nature of the lands and the limited water supply, irrigation can be developed but little in this basin. Miscellaneous Discharge Measurements of Rocky Creek Drainage Basin, in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Stream. Location. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Discharge. June 18 N.M. Sutherland, do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do Bluff Creek do do Creek. A do do do Coulee, A do do McEachran Cr. . do do Rice Creek Rocky Creek... do do do do do Rocky Creek. West Br do S.W. 1-1-9-3 .... Fitt. Sq. Feet. Feel per Sec Sec-FI. Nil. July 14 do Nil. Aug. 16 do Nil. June 19 S.W. 1-1-7-3 NiL June 19 June 19 N.W. 3-1-6-3. . . . Sec. 12-1-6-3. .. 3.1 0.38 0.87 0.72 Nil. July 17 N.W. 3-1-6-3 " 0.05 June 18 S.E. 6-1-9-3 NiL July 14 do Nil. July 18 Sec. 6-1-4-3 Nil. June IS S.W. 6-1-7-3 Nil. July 15 do NO. Aug. 17 do Nil. Aug. 19 N.W. 3-1-6-3.... * 0 03 June 19 June 20 June 21 July 17 Aug. 19 S.E. 5-1-6-3 Sec. 18-2-4-3. . . . do ... S.E. 5-1-6-3 do 10.3 4.2 4.1 5.0 4.18 2.55 3.54 1.47 0.77 1.48 1.96 0.69 3.20 3.78 6.93 1.01 * 0.918 Aug. 19 do * I 05 July 15 S.W. 1-1-7-3 • Nil. Aug. 17 S.W. 1-1-7-3 Nil. * Weir measurement. POPLAR RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. General Description. Poplar River rises in Tp. 3, Rge. 3, west of the third meridian, and with its many tributaries drains the southeastern slope of Wood Mountain. The main stream crosses the International Boundary near the southwest corner of Sec. 1, Tp. 1, Rge. 29, west of the second meridian, and empties into Missouri River near Poplar in Montana. There is only a small portion of the drainage basin of this stream in Canada. Owing, possibly, to the elevation, the precipitation in the upper part of this basin is a little above the average for the surrounding prairie. .Ml the streams in the basin have a good flow during the spring freshet period, but soon recede and most of the time they have only a very small flow. In the lower part of the basin the fall in the main stream is ver>- small. The channel is from thirty to seventy-five feet wide and from two to three feet deep. The current is sluggish and the channel is full of weeds. The banks of the stream are low, and liable to overflow at the time of the spring freshet. The upper portion of the drainage basin consists of rolling prairie and that portion lying in Canada is quite suitable for ranching or mixed farming. Being remote from railways, little of the land has been taken up by settlers. Irrigation development will be limited to the water- supply. QV'APPELLE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN 279 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Miscellaneous Discharge Measurements of Poplar River Drainage Basin, in 1911. Date. Hydrogiapher. Stream. Location. Width. Area of Section. Mean Discharge. Velocity. Feet. Sq. Feet. Feet per Sec. July 20. July 21.. Sept. 0. . Sept. 5. . Aug. 22.. Aug. 22.. Aug. 23.. Aug. 22.. Sept. 9. . Sept. 10. Aug. 16.. July 20. Aug. 23.. Aug. 23.. July 19.. Aug. 20.. N.M.Sutherland do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do Creek. A ' S.W. 3-2-29-2 . . do ' Sec. 13-14-29-2. do I N.W. 2-4-1-3. . . do 1 N.W. 2S-3-30-2. Coulee. A i Sec. 1-1-3-3. . . do ' Sec. 3-1-3-3 do Sec. 5-1-2S-2 Cool Creek Sec. 3-1-1-3 Hay Meadow Cr N.E. 3-4-30-2. do Police Creek ... . Poplar River. . . - do do East Br- do West Br. do S.W. 17-4-1-3 S.E. 6-1-9-3.. . S.E. S-1-29-2... S.E. 1-1-29-2... S.E. 4-1-26-2... S.W. 5-1-3-3 . . . S.E. 5-1-3-3.... 13.80 6.33 0.79 Nil. 0.020 * 0.994 * 0.110 Nil. NU. NU. NU. 13.260 * 0.369 NU. * 0.837 » 0.467 5.060 0.077 0.050 * Weir measurement. BIGMUDDY CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN. General Description. Bigmuddy Creek has no well defined course in Canada, but develops from a depression running southeast from Bigmuddy Lake, and after crossing the International Boundary- fiows southward and empties into the Missouri River near Cuthbertson, Montana. The source of Beaver Creek, a tributary of Bigmuddy Creek, is in Canada, but it, too, is a small and unimportant stream. That portion of the drainage basin lying in Canada consists of alkali flats and rough rolling prairie. It is quite suitable for ranching purposes, but, being remote from railways, few settlers have taken up land in this drainage basin. Miscellaneous Discharge Measurements of Bigmuddy Creek Drainage Basin, in 1911. Date. Hydrogtapher. Stream. Location. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Discharge . Aug. 24 N.M. Sutherland do do do do do Beaver Creek . . . Bigmuddy Flat- - Beaver Crk. Br Creek A ! Coulee A 1 do S.E. 5-1-23-2 Feet. S3. Feet. Feet per Sec. Sec. Ft. * 0 539 Aug. 30 Aug. 31 Sec. 10-1-22-2... Sec 33 1-23-2 1 NU. Nil Aug. 24 Sec. 3-1-23-2 I 0.100 Aug. 2.3 Sec. 0.1-25-2 . ' Nil. Aug. 28 Sec. 1-1-21-2 NU; * Weir measurement. QU'APPELLE RIVER DR.MN.\GE BASIN. General Description. Qu'Appelle River rises in Township 2.3, Range 4, west of the third meridian, and flows eastward into the .\ssiniboine River in Township 2S, Range 17, west of the first meridian. These waters eventually find their way into Hudson Bay through the Red River, Lake Winnipeg and Nelson River. The chief tributaries of Qu'.\ppelle River are Moosejaw Creek, Last Mountain, Was- kana Creek and Loon Creek. Last Mountain is the largest lake in the basin, being some sixty miles long and from one to three miles wide. The valley of the main stream is from two to three hundred feet deep, with a flat from one to three miles wide along the river. This flat is covered in many places with brush, and the hill- sides are in many places well wooded. The bench-lands above the river are mostly level prairie, much of which is now under cultivation. The mean annual rainfall at Moosejaw is fourteen inches, at Regina fifteen inches, and at Indian Head nineteen inches. The streams are frozen during the winter months and there is usually an abundant snow-fall. There are several irrigation and many industrial water-rights in this basin. 280 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 Qu'Appelle River at Lumsden, Sask. This station was established on May 12, 1911, by J. C. Keith. It is located at a private bridge on the N.W. I4 Sec. 33, Tp. 19, Rge. 21, \V. 2nd Mer., in the north end of the town of Lumsden, and is about three miles below the mouth of Waskana Creek and a little over a mile above the mouth of Boggy Creek. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is fastened to the down- stream side of the left abutment of the bridge. The zero of the gauge (elev., 85.33) is referred to a permanent iron bench-mark (assumed elev., 100.00), situated 34 feet from the southeast corner of the bridge. The channel is straight for 200 feet above and 100 feet below the station. Both banks are fairly high, but may overflow in an excessive flood. The bed of the stream is composed of gravel, and is not likely to shift. The current is moderate. Discharge measurements are made from the bridge at all stages. The initial point for soundings is the inner face of the left abutment. The gauge was read by R. T. Raven. Tables of daily gauge-height and discharge and monthly discharge will be computed during 1912 and published with the records for that year. Discharge Measurements of Qu'Appelle River at Lumsden, Sask., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. April 17 W. H. Green .' Feet. 45.5 27.0 25.0 27.0 25 0 24.0 24.0 Sq.-ft. 292.84 101.50 96.40 117.00 79.01 66 36 67.53 6.60 Ft. per sec. 1 830 0.643 0.710 1 000 0.370 0.202 0.210 0.470 Feel. See.-fl. 537 000 May 12 J. C. Keith 3.06 3.12 3 82 2.50 2.00 2.07 1.98 65 479 May 27 do 68 540 do 117 910* July 11 do 28 920 Aug. 18 do 13 410 Oct, 6 do 14 300 Dec. 1 do 3 110 * Gauged at bridge. Qu'Appelle River at Fort Qu'.^ppelle, Sask. This station was established on July 26, 1911, by J. C. Keith. It is located at the traffic bridge on the N.W. 1.4 Sec. 7, Tp. 21, Rge. 13, W. 2nd Mer., and is between the Upper Fishing and the Lower Fishing Lakes. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is nailed to the down- stream face of the north abutment. The zero of the gauge (elev., 86.68) is referred to a per- manent iron bench-mark (assumed elev., 100.00), situated 34 feet from the southwest corner of the bridge. The channel is straight for about 50 feet above, but curves directly below the station. The right bank is high, while the left is low, and will overflow at high stages of the stream. The bed of the stream is sandy and partly covered with weeds. The fall is small, the current slow and the bed is, therefore, not liable to shift. Discharge measurements are made from the bridge at all stages. The initial point for soundings is the inner face of the first pile at the north approach of the bridge. The gauge was read by W. M. Thomson, but, as only three discharge measurements were made, there are not sufficient data to compute the daily discharges. It will be noted that the highest discharge was obtained at the lowest gauge-height. This is probably due largely to the weeds, but may also be partly due to the effect of the wind. It should also be noted that the mean velocities are very small, and the results are, therefore, not thoroughly reliable. Discharge Measurements of Qu'Appelle River near Fort Qu'Appelle, Sask., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. July 25 ..' J. C. Keith Feet. 67.0 66.0 66.0 Sq.-/I. 163.32 156.17 144.37 Ft. pa sec. 0.17 0.13 0.28 Feet. 2.63 2 52 2.50 Sec.-ft. 28.57 Aug. 30 21.17 Oct. 12 do 42.59 1 Plate No. 32. S^SSSS^ Bridge over Qu'Appelle River near Katepwe, Sask Taken by J. C. Keith Pl.\te No. 3i. Gauging Notukeu Creek with a 15-inch Weir. Taken bv P. M. Sander. QITAPPELLE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN 281 SESSIONAL PAPER N*. 25d Mean Daily Gauge Height, in feet, of Qu'Appelle River near Fort Qu'Appelle, Sask., for 1911. Day. July. August. Sept. Oct. Nov. 1 ! 2.58 2.58 2.54 2.54 2.54 2.54 2.54 2.66 2.62 2. 58 2.54 2.54 2.54 2.60 2.56 2.56 2.56 2.54 2.54 2.54 2.60 2.56 2.54 2.54 2.52 2.50 2.58 2.54 2.52 2.52 2 52 2.54 2.52 2.52 2.60 2.56 2.54 2.51 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.49 2.54 2.52 2.52 2.52 2.58 2.52 2.52 2.52 2.60 2.50 2.50 2.54 2.52 2.52 2.52 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.54 2 50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.46 2.46 2.44 2.44 2.42 2.42 2.42 2.42 2.42 2 42 2 35 2.35 2 2.35 3 2.35 4 2.35 I:;:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 2 35 1 6 1 2 35 7 2 35 8 ; 2.35 9 2.35 10 2.35 11 . 2.35 12 2.35 13 2 35 14 2.35 15 2.35 16 17 18 20 21 . 23 25 2.63 2.62 2.64 2.64 2.60 2.60 2.60 26 . 27 28 . 30 . Qu'Appelle River near Katepwe, Sask. This station was established on July 27, 1911, by J. C. Keith. It is located at the traffic bridge on the N.E. }4 Sec. 22, Tp. 19, Rge. 12, VV. 2nd Mer., and is about half a mile below Lake Katepwe and twelve miles north of the town of Indian Head. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is fixed near the down- stream end of the north face of the centre pier. The zero of the gauge (elev., 89.83) is referred to a permanent iron bench-mark (assumed elev., 100.00), situated 73 feet from the southwest corner of the bridge. The channel is straight for 100 feet above and below the station. The right bank is high, while the left is low and will overflow. The bed is sandy, and is almost covered with vegetation. The current is sluggish. The cross-section at the gauge is not suitable, and discharge measurements are, therefore, made from the bridge on the S.E. J4 Sec. 13, Tp. 19, Rge. 12, \V. 2nd Mer., where there is a clean firm gravel bed. The initial point for soundings is a spike on the guard-rail marked "O." The gauge was read by Clem Peltier, but as only three discharge meaurements were made there is not sufficient data to compute the daily discharges. It will be noted that the discharges do not vary in accordance with the gauge-heights. This is probably due largely to the weeds, but may also be partly due to the effect of the wind. It should also be noted that the mean velocities are very small and the results are, therefore, not thoroughly reliable. Discharge Measurements of Qu'Appelle River near Katepwe, Sask., in 1911. Date. 1 Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. 1 Discharge 1 July 13 . . . J. C. Keith Feel. 50.0 48.0 47.0 48.5 55.-/1. 80.95 73 43 60 35 77.00 Fl. per sec. 0.83 0.67 0.26 0.46 Feel. i^os' 1.46 1.18 Sec.-fl. 67 41 July 27 do 41 76.1 Aug. 31 do 1 15 80* Oct. 13 do 35 49* X Gauge established. • Gauged at bridge. 282 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 Mean Daily Gauge Height, in feet, of Qu'Appelle River near Katepwe, Sask., for 1911. Day. July. August. Sept. Oct. Nov. 1 2.04 2 03 2.03 2.02 2.02 1 42 1.40 1 06 2 ..... ... 1.54 1 54 1.55 1.53 1.53 1.54 1 04 3 1 00 4 . 1.37 1.32 1.30 1.28 1.25 1.22 0 96 S 6 . ; 0 94 7 ". 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.04 2.03 2.03 0 93 8 0 93 9 1.45 1.33 1.30 1.30 1.22 1.16 10 0 90 11 1 30 1.39 1.44 1.49 1.53 1.55 12 13 0 91 14 2.01 1.94 1.96 1.94 1.91 1.90 0 90 15 : 0 89 16 : 1.15 1.15 1.14 1.14 1 13 1.13 17 1.55 1.54 1.54 1.52 1.52 1.54 19 1.85 1.83 1.80 1.75 1.69 1.65 22 1.10 1.08 1.08 1.05 1.03 1.00 24 , 1.52 1.54 1.54 1.53 1.55 1.52 26 - 27 2.03 2.05 2.04 1.60 1 55 1.49 1.46 29 1.10 1.10 31 2 02 Miscellaneous Discharge Measurements of Qu'Appelle River Drainage Basin, in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Stream. Location. I Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Discharge . July 12. May 17 Aug. 28 Oct. 9.. J. C. Keith , Kaposvar Creek. N.W. 7-21-3-2. do I Qu'.-\ppelle S.W. 6-19-24-2 do do do do do do Feci. Sq. Feet. 55 0 3 7 7 0 2.5 162 20 0 720 1.530 0.158 Feet per Sec. 0.473 0 320 0 238 0.270 Sec.-Ft. 76 630 0.230 0 364 0.043 MOOSEJ.WV CREEK DRAINAGE B.^SIN. General Description. Moosejaw Creek rises in the vicinity of Yellowgrass and flows in a northwesterly direction until it reaches the city of Moosejaw, and thence in an easterly and northerly direction, finally emptying into the Qu'.'^ppelle River near Buflfalo Pound Lake. From the head-waters to the city of Moosejaw, the drainage area is estimated at about one thousand eight hundred and thirty square miles. This area is almost entirely devoid of tree growth, except that the valley is lined with brush in the vicinity of Moosejaw. Throughout its entire length the creek flows in a xery crooked but well defined channel. The upper portion of the valley is small, being merely a depression, but it gradually increases in size until at Drinkwater it is about thirty feet deep and at Moosejaw about eighty feet deep. The fall in the creek is very small, particularly so between Drinkwater and Moosejaw, where the total fall is only 67.5 feet, or an average of 2.3 feet per mile of valley. The Canadian Pacific Railway Company has dams at Milestone, Rouleau, Drinkwater, two at Moosejaw and one at Pasque. There is also a municipality dam in Sec. 19, Tp. 15, Rge. 24, W. 2nd Mer., which supplies water to the neighbourhood in periods when there is no flow in the creek. The amount of water diverted in each case is small, as the Canadian Pacific Railway use the water only to operate their railway, and only a small quantity of stock has been watered at the municipal dam during late years. MOOSE JAW CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN 283 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d MoosEjAW Creek near Lang, Sask. This station was established on June 21, 1911, by J. C. Keith. It is located at the traffic bridge on the road allowance east of the N.E. }4 Sec. 24, Tp. 11, Rge. 19, W. 2nd Mer., and is four miles west of the village of Lang. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is nailed to the down- stream face of the centre row of piles. The zero of the gauge (elev., 94.80) is referred to the top of a pile (assumed elev., 100.00) on the downstream side of the south approach of the bridge. The channel is straight for 200 feet above and 150 feet below the station. Both banks are low and overflow in high stages of the stream. The bed of the stream is composed of clay, and in summer, when the stream is very low, becomes overgrown with vegetation. The current is sluggish at all stages. Discharge measurements are made from the bridge in high stages of the stream and by wading or with a weir at some other section during low stages. The initial point for soundings at the bridge is the inner face of the south abutment. The gauge was read by Miss Irene Irvine. Discharge Measurements of Moosejaw Creek near Lang, Sask., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. May 30 J.C. Keith do Feel. 49 0 . .1 10 0 Sq.-ft. 57.45 4.55 14.28 13 24 17.00 Ft. per sec. 0 579 0.360 0 270 0 210 0.245 Feet. Sec.-ft. 33 27 June 21 1.84 2.43 2 28 2 46 July 17 do 11 6 3 85 Aug. 22 do . . 12 0 2 80 Oct. 17 do 17 5 4 18 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Moosejaw Creek near Lang, Sask., for 1911. * June. July. August. September. October. D.w. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feet. Sec.-ft Feet.- 1.80 1 79 1.78 1 77 2.00 2.05 2.20 2.30 2.50 2.50 2 45 2.45 2.45 2.41 2.40 2.40 2.45 2.44 2.44 2 50 2.50 2 50 2.55 2 55 2.55 2 55 2.55 2 55 2 55 2.55 2.55 Sec.-ft. 1.6 16 16 1.5 2 0 2.1 2 5 2 9 4 6 4.6 4.1 4 1 4.1 3 7 3 6 3 6 4 1 4 0 4.0 4 6 4.6 4 6 5 2 5.2 5.2 5.2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5.2 5.2 Feet. 2.56 2.57 2 58 2 59 2.61 2.63 2.63 2 76 2 65 2 76 2.74 2.78 2 69 2 66 2.60 2.58 2 56 2 54 2.52 2.41 2.30 2.30 2.25 2 25' 2.20 2.25 2 26 Sec.-ft. 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.8 6.1 6.1 7.8 6.4 7.8 7.6 8.0 6.9 6.5 5.7 5 5 5 3 5.0 4.8 3.7 2.9 2.9 2 7 2 5 2.5 2 7 2 7 Feel. 2 21 2 20 2.19 2 16 2.16 2 15 2 14 2 13 2 13 2 14 2 15 2 16 2 17 2 IS 2 18 2 19 2 19 2 18 2 16 2.14 2.10 2.07 2.05 2 03 2 01 2 00 2.00 1.99 1 90 1.93 Sec.-ft. 2.5 2 5 2.5 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 5 2 5 2 4 2 4 2 3 2 2 2.1 2.1 2 1 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 19 19 Feet. 1.99 2 OS 2 10 2 15 2 20 2.21 2 30 2 35 2 35 2 35 2 36 2 37 "iJ 40 2 40 2 41 2 41 2 46 2 49 2.51 2 52 2 55 2 57 2 58 2 59 2 60 2 61 2 61 2 61 * Sec.-ft. 2 2 1 3 2 2 4 2 4 5 6 2 5 7 8 3 2 9 10 . 3 2 11 12... 3 4 13. 14.. 3 6 15. Ifi.. 3 7 17 4 2 18 4 5 19 20... 4 S 21.. 22. 23 24 25 26 27... 28 1.84 1 80 1 75 1 76 1.75 1 70 1.65 1,65 1.61 1.61 17 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 14 14 1.4 13 1.3 5.2 5.4 5 5 5 6 5 7 5.8 5.8 5 8 29 30 2 24 2 22 2.7 2 6 31 * Creek frozen 6ver. No. 25d— 10 284 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 19 1 1 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 Monthly Discharge of Mooscjaw Creek near Lang, Sask., for 1911. (Drainage area, 189 square miles.) Discharge in Second-Feet. Run-Off. Month. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square Mile. Depth in inches on Drainage Area. Total in Acre-feet. June (21-30).... 1 7 13 1.5 2.5 1.9 1.9 1 46 3.90 4.88 2.28 3.94 0.008 0.021 0.026 0.012 0.021 0.003 0 024 0.030 0 013 0.022 29 240 300 136 219 July 5 2 8 0 September October (1-28).. 2.5 5 8 The period 0.092 924 MoosEj.wv Creek at Bryce's Farm, Sask. This station was established on .^pril 13, 1910, by P. M. Sauder. It is located at the traffic bridge on the road allowance east of the N.E. I4 Sec. 15, Tp. 15, Rge. 25, \V. 2nd Mer., and is about seventeen and one half miles southeast of Mooscjaw. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is nailed to a pile on the downstream side of the bridge. The zero of the gauge (elev., 87.29) is referred to a permanent iron bench-mark (assumed elev., 100.00), situated on the left bank 51 feet downstream from the bridge. The channel is straight for 200 feet above and 100 feet below the station. The right bank is partly covered with brush, and overflows during flood stages of the stream. The left bank is also partly covered with brush, but is high and not liable to overflow. The bed is composed of soft clay (mud), but is free from vegetation and is not liable to shift except during very high water. Discharge measurements are made from the bridge during high water. The initial point for soundings is the south end of the hand-rail of the bridge. During low water the discharge is measured by wading or with a weir near the bridge. During 1911, the gauge was read by W. F. Bryce from April 9 to June 3, and by Gerry Chevrier from June 25 to November 11. Discharge Measurements of Moosejaw Creek at Bryce's Farm, Sask., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. April 22 W. H. Greene Feet. 84.3 67.5 57.5 64.0 28.5 27.5 Sq.-ft. 329.00 118 57 51. 59 97 22 13 57 11.87 Ft. per sec. 0.969 0 fion 0 62(1 0 633 0 560 0.380 Feet. 7.39 4.67 3 54 4 30 2 70 2.66 Sec.-fl. 318 48 May 2 J. C. Keith May 20 do 32 20 May 29 do 61 58 June 19 do 7 55 July 3 do 4 71 Sept. 1 do Nil. Oct. 10 do 63.0 102.08 6.470 4.32 48 3Sa a. Channel choked with grass. MOOSEJAW CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN ' SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Moosejaw Creek at Bryce's Farm, Sask., for 1911. 285 April. May June. July. Dav. Gauge Height Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height Dis- charge . Gauge Height Dis- charge . 1 Feet. Sec.-fl. Feet. 5.0 4.7 4.5 4.3 2.9 2.5 2 4 2.3 2.2 2.0 2.0 2.0 2 0 2.4 2.2 2.0 2.4 2.8 3 1 3.5 4.1 4.5 4 5 4 5 4.3 4.2 3 8 4.0 4 3 Sec.-fl. 90.0 75.0 66 0 58.0 12.0 2.3 1.3 0.5 Nil 1.3 0.0 0.0 1.3 9.3 18.0 30.0 50.0 66.0 66 0 66.0 58.0 54 0 39 0 46 0 58,0 Feet. 5.70 6 30 7 20 f Sec.-fl. 132.0 201.0 290.0 Feet. 2.70 2 55 2 60 2.60 2.60 2 50 2.70 2.70 2.75 2.75 2 60 2 60 2 60 2.60 2.60 2.70 2 70 2.60 2 55 2.50 2.50 2.50 2 65 2.70 2.70 2 60 2. SO 2.50 2.45 2.40 2.35 Sec.-fl. 6 7 2 3 4 4 4 5 ■ 6 ' 2 3 7 ' 6 7 6.7 7.9 7.9 4 4 8 9 7.6 7.8 7.7 7.6 7 6 6.9 7.0 7.3 7.4 7.7 7.7 7.5 7.5 7.4 7.1 6.6 6.3 6.1 5.7 5.5 5.5 5.3 352. 384. 368. 352. 352. 248. 262. 305. 320. 368. 368. 336. 336. 320. 276. 212. 181. 163. 132. 118. 118. 106. 10 11 12 13 4.4 4.4 4 4 14 15 16 17 6 7 18 t 2.70 2.60 2.55 2..T0 2.50 2.60 3.00 2.90 2.85 2 80 }2.90 2.80 '6.7 4.4 3.3 2 3 2 3 4 4 15.0 12.0 11.0 9 3 12 0 9.3 4.4 3.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 5.6 6.7 6.7 4.4 2.3 2.3 1.8 1.3 0.9 19 -. . . . 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 5 0 on n 1 1 286 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v., A . 1912 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Moosejaw Creek at Bryce's Farm, Sask., for 1911. — Con. August. September. October. November. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1... . Feci. 2 30 2.30 2 .30 2 30 2.30 2.30 2 20 2.35 2.30 2.30 2.25 2 U 1.80 1..50 1.20 1 00 0 00 0.70 Dry Sec.-fl. 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 0 0 9 0.5 0.5 0 2 Nil Feel. Dry .Sec.-fl. Nil Feel. Dry 0 l-iO 0.50 0 40 0 00 0.00 Dry 3.95 4.30 4 00 Sec.-fl. Nil 35 0 47.0 X7 n Peel. 2 30 2 30 2 25 2.25 2.20 2.00 2.00' 2 00 2.00 1.90 1.90 Sec.-fl. 0 5 2... 0 5 3... . 0 2 4... 0 2 5... 6... Nil 7... 8... • • 9 . 10 . 11.. . 12... 3.70 1 27 0 3 .50 21 n 13... 14.. 3 35 3.00 2.90 2 90 2. SO 2 80 2 70 2.70 2 70 2 70 2.65 2 60 2 60 2 .W 2. 50 2 SO 2 40 2 40 17 0 10 0 8.0 8 0 0 0 6.0 4 6 4.6 4.6 4 6 4 0 3.4 3 4 3 0 2 3 2.3 13 13 ' 15.. . 16.. 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26. 27 2H 29 30 31.. t No observer from June 4 to 18. * Changing conditions. Oct. 8 — Oct. 2S. t Used hydrographer's gauge-height. Monthly Discharge of Moosejaw Creek at Bryce's Farm, Sask., for 1911. (Drainage area. 1350 square miles.) Discharge in Second-Feet. Run-Off. Month. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square Mile. Depth in inches on Drainage Area. Total in Acre-feet. April (9-30) ■. . 384 0 90.0 290.0 7.9 0.9 0.0 47.0 0.5 100.0 00.0 00.0 0.9 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 272 00 32.90 47 00 4.41 0.16 0 00 8 43 0 13 0 202 0 024 0 .035 0 003 0.000 0 000 0 006 0 000 0 165 0,028 0 020 0 003 0 000 0 000 0.007 0.000 11,855 May 2.023 1.416 July. 271 10 00 October. 518 November (1-11) 3 The period 0.223 16.096 MoosEj.wv Creek at McCarthy's Farm, Sask. This station was established on April 7, 1910, by P. M. Sauder and \V. located at the traffic bridge on the N.W. 14 Sec. 16, Tp. 16, Rge. 26, W. 2nd miles south of Moosejaw post office. H Mer. ... 1.08 1.02 1.00 1.00 0 94 0 90 0 89 1 70 1 67 1.37 1.07 1.03 ■1 00 0 97 0 97 0.97 0 91 0.98 0.98 0.99 0.99 1 01 1 02 1 00 0 98 0 87 0.87 0.84 0.84 0.76 0.76 0.75 0.75 0.88 0 90 0.88 0 90 0 91 0 93 0 89 0.S8 0.86 0.85 0.83 0 81 0 S5 1.04 1.00 0 91 0 92 0 86 0,85 0.82 0.79 0 78 0.76 0.75 0 79 0 76 0 75 0 75 0.74 0.74 0.75 0.76 0.76 0.74 0.77 0.76 0.78 0.81 0.81 0.82 0.86 0.86 0.88 0.87 0.87 0.89 0.90 0 90 0.92 0.93 0 95 0.95 0.95 0.97 0.98 1.00 1.02 1.04 1.07 1 08 1.10 1.60 1 65 1 64 1 60 1 50 1.50 1.48 1 40 1.35 1.30 1.28 1.26 1.22 1.20 3.20 3.30 3 34 3.10 3.10 3.05 3.01 2.96 2 87 2 72 2.40 2 15 2.12 2.10 2.10 2.05 2 04 3 2.00 1.90 1.87 6 t 1.64 1 48 1.40 9 1.40 1 38 11 ■ • 1.35 1.34 13 14 15 16. 17.. IS.. 19. 20. 21.. 25. 26. 27. 28 29 30 31 1 37 1 35 1.50 1 40 1.37 1 37 1 32 1 20 1.30 1.2S 1.27 Souris River near Glen Ewen, Sask. This station was established on June 26, 1911, by J. C. Keith. It is located near D. F. Preston's house on the N.E. Jc4 Sec. 36, Tp. 2, Rge. 1, W. 2nd Mer., and is about three miles south and half a mile east of Glen Ewen. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is nailed to a post sunk in the bed of the stream at the left bank. The zero (elev., 79.9S) is referred to a permanent iron bench-mark (assumed elev., 100.00) on the left bank and within a few feet of the gauge. The channel is slightly curved for some distance above and below the gauge. Both banks are steep, but will overflow in very high stages of the stream. Both are partly covered with woods. The bed of the stream is composed of clean sand and gravel, and may shift during high water. Beavers may affect the records at the gauge by building dams and causing back-water. Discharge measurements are made during ordinary stages by wading at a point about 400 yards below the gauge. During high-water stages, they are made at the traffic bridge on the road allowance east of Sec. 2, Tp. 3, Rge. 1, W. 2nd Mer. The gauge was read by IVIr. D. F. Preston, but as only a few gaugings were made, there are not sufficient data to compute the daily discharge. Discharge Measurements of Souris River near Glen Ewen, Sask., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. .Area of Section Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Dischaage. June July .Aug. Ort 26 19 24 19 J. C. Keith do do .. do Feet. 49 0 30 5 2U U Sq.-fl. 52 89 14.80 10.54 31.17 Ft. per sec. 0 51 0.86 0 50 1.07 Feet. 2.000 1.755 1 630 2 350 Sec.-.n. 27.090X 12 790 5 257 33 520* X Gauge established. * Gauged at ford. 292 STREAM MEASUREMENTS. 1911 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 Mean Daily Gauge Height, in feet, of Souris River near Glen Ewen, Sask., for 1911. Day. June. July. August. Sept. Oct. Nov. 1 ^ 1.62 1.66 1.70 1.75 1.85 1.79 1.77 1.75 1.78 1.83 1.83 1.82 1.83- 1.85 1.83 1.79 1.78 1.77 1.75 1.70 1.69 1.68 1.65 1.64 1.63 1.57 1.57 1.57 1.56 1.57 1.57 1.57 1.56 1.58 1.57 1.57 1.58 1.58 1 58 1 61 1.67 1.68 1.70 1.73 1.77 1.76 1.77 1.75 1.75 1.76 1.87 1.91 1.95 2.00 2.00 2.04 2 02 2.05 2.06 2.02 2 05 2.06 2.08 2.26 2.40 2.43 2.42 2.50 2 50 2.45 2.50 2.50 2 47 2.45 2.45 2.45 2.44 2.40 2.36 2.33 2.34 2.31 2.34 2.79 2. 85 2.83 2.80 2.79 3.04 2.55 3.00 2.49 2 42 2 2.05 1.98 1.95 1.86 1.85 1.79 1.79 1 .76 1.69 1.67 1.66 1.65 1.65 1.64 1.64 1.64 1.70 1.74 1.73 1.72 1.70 1.75 1.75 1.76 1.75 1.75 1.70 1.69 1.66 1.62 2 52 3 2 40 4 2 34 5 2.34 6 2.33 7 2.32 8 2 29 9 2.17 10 ; 2 28 11 2 25 12 2.24 13 2 28 14 2.23 15 2.20 16 17 19 22 24 26 2.00 1.9S 1.96 2.05 2.10 2.11 27 29 . 31 . Souris River near Melita, Man. This station was established on July 20, 1911, by J. C. Keith. It is located at the traffic bridge on Sec. 6, Tp. 4, Rge. 26, W. 1st Mer. The gauge, which is a plain staff graduated to feet and hundredths, is nailed to a pile on the downstream side of the bridge. The zero of the gauge (elev., 84.02) is referred to a permanent iron bench-mark (assumed elev., 100.00), on the right bank about fifty feet from the end of the bridge. The channel is straight for a distance above the station, but curves to the right a short distance below. The banks are high and partly wooded. The bed of the stream is composed of clean sand and gravel, which may shift during high water. Discharge measurements are made from the bridge, except during extreme low water, when they are made by wading. The gauge was read by Mrs. .Andrew Lawson, but as only a few gaugings were- made, the daily discharges cannot be computed. Discharge Measurements of Souris River at Melita, Man., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. 1 Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. June 30 J. C. Keith Feel. 76.0 72.0 52.0 54.0 Sq.-fl. 137.70 107.65 48.25 45.16 Fl. per sec. I 0.410 1 0.230 0.704 0.890 Feet. 2.02 1.55 1.57 1.62 Sec.-fl. 56.45« July 20 do 24.83* Aug. 25 do 33.96 Oct. 20 do 40.391 X Measured at wading section. * Measured at bridge. SOURIS RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Mean Daily Gauge Height, in feet, of Souris River at Melita, Man, for 1911. 293 D.AV. July. August. Sept. Oct. Nov. 1 2 1.40 1.41 1.42 1.70 .169 1.S5 1.36 1 .59 1 57 1 57 1.56 1.55 1 52 1 50 1 50 1.51 1.52 1.52 1 51 1 CO 1.59 1 59 1.37 1 37 1.37 1.37 1.39 1 62 1 66 1 66 1.67 1.66 1.66 1.68 1.68 1.68 1.68 1.68 1 69 1 69 1.69 1.62 1 64 1.69 1.70 1.80 1.86 1.89 1.S7 1.S7 1.88 1.87 1.88 l.SS 1 65 1 65 1.66 1.66 1.66 1 66 1,68 1.98 1.99 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 1.82 1.82 1.81 1 80 1.80 1.80 1.S5 1 76 1.75 1.73 1.70 1.66 1.62 1.56 1.39 1.37 1.37 1.35 1 .35 1.33 l..i3 1.34 1.52 1.52 1.31 1.51 1.51 4 1.51 5 1.31 6 7 1.51 1.51 8 1 .5.") 1.34 1.56 1 58 1 53 1.50 1.49 1 48 1 46 1 46 1 40 1 40 1.51 9 1.51 10 1,51 11 12 13 1.31 1.51 1.51 14 1.51 15 1 51 • 16 18 20 21 23 25 26 27 28 29 30 Miscellaneous Discharge Measurements of Souris Drainage Basin, in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Stream. Width. Area of Section. Mean \'elocity. Discharge . June 27 J.C.Keith. June 24 do Junel27 do June 27 do Graham Creek . Moose Mountain Creek North Antler Creek South Antler Creek Fett. Sq. Fret. Ftel per Sec. Sec. 2-4-27-1 . . Sec. 22-3-2-2 39 5 17 69 0.61 Sec. 3-3-1-2 1.6 0 17 0.35 Sec. 6-3-32-1... 3 3 0.33 0 67 Sec.-Fl. * 0.070 10.830 0.060 0 3.59 .Appro.ximate. APPENDIX 295 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d APPENDIX No. 1. REPORT ON THE FIELD-WORK IN THE WOOD MOUNTAIN DISTRICT, DURING 1911, BY N. M. SUTHERLAND, DISTRICT HVDROGRAPHER. On May 23, 1911, I proceeded to Maple Creek, Saskatchewan, where I received my camp outfit including horses, etc., from Mr. R. J. Burley. One June 6th we left Maple Creek and proceeded along the Canadian Pacific Railway to Sw-ift Current, arriving there on June 10th. At Swift Current, we met Mr. P. M. Satider and accompanied by him, we left Swift Current on June 11th. We at first travelled south from Swift Current and inspected Pierce, Notukeu and Bull Creeks. There are small flats along these creeks which are suitable for irrigation, and during dry years require irrigation to grow a crop. The water-supply in this district, however, is very limited. When the snow is melting, or during periods of hea\'y and continuous rain, there are small floods, but in a dry year, as near as can be learned from the older settlers, the flow in these streams gradually diminishes and stops altogether early in the summer. We did not establish any regular stations or gauge-rods at any of these creeks, as at Pierce Creek the only available place to gauge it was some three miles from Mr. Pierce's house, and at Notukeu and Bull Creeks the land is homesteaded but there is no one with permanent residence, and, therefore, no gauge- rod readers were available. From Bull Creek we proceeded to Huff's ranche on the Frenchman River and re-established the gauge on N.W. J'4 Sec. 5, Tp 5, Rge. 14, W. 3rd Mer. From Huff's ranche we followed the north shore of the Frenchman River to Seventy Mile crossing in Sec. 32, Tp. 3, Rge. 13, W. 3rd Mer., where we crossed the river, and after following the south shore for a couple of miles pulled west out on the bench, and did not touch the river again until we crossed it in Sec. 4, Tp. 1, Rge. 10, W. 3rd Mer., near the International Boundary. Along the Frenchman River there are large flats, which are quite suitable for irrigation, but there is little opprotunity of storing water. Most of the level land has been filed on by homesteaders. Following the International Boundary towards the east, we crossed a very rolling prairie which is quite suitable for ranching and grazing purposes. There are a number of streams flowing south and southeast, which had water in pools. From what we could learn from the older settlers, these streams remain in this condition almost every summer but do not have any flow except during the spring freshets. The streams were all of this nature until we reached Rocky Creek in Tp. 1, Rge. 6, west of the 3rd Meridian. This creek had a flow of over three second-feet, is fed by some verj' strong springs and drains se\'eral townships. It has a constant flow and would probably irrigate several hundred acres. Near the International Boundary' this stream traverses a large flat of several hundred acres w'hich could be irrigated. After following upstream for a few miles we found that Rocky Creek passed through "bad lands," which were impassable with a wagon. We therefore left the creek and turned northeastward and after crossiiig a very hilly district, quite suitable for ranching and grazing purposes, we crossed Rocky Creek in Sec. 18, Tp. 2, Rge. 4, W 3rd Mer. In this locality the creek flows though a narrow valley, with little opportunity to irrigate. Rainy weather had made travelling very difficult, and, as our supply of oats and food was almost exhausted, we decided to go to Wood Mountain for supplies. On reaching there we found that there was no store and we could not get either groceries or oats. It was therefore decided to leave the boundary- line and inspect Wood River. One branch of Wood River rises near Wood Mountain post office. This had almost ceased flowing, but a rainstorm started a very small flow while we were there. There was a small flow into Twelvemile Lake, but no overflow. Following this branch of Wood River, which had a little water in pools, we reached the main stream on Sec. 6, Tp. 8, Rge. 5, W. 3rd Mer., near Capital post office, and inspected it at several points between Capital and Lake Johnston. There is only a very small flow in this stream, and, as it has a very small fall, there is scarcely any current at all. It was impossible to find a place where a meter could be used near Capital. We made a slope measurement, but, owing to the dense growth of grass in the channel, the results were very unsatisfactor\\ We made a gauging on Sec. 31, Tp. 10, Rge. 4, W. 3rd Mer. near Gravelbourg and found the discharge to be about 6.5 second-feet, but it was impossible to gauge the river near Lake Johnston. Wood River has a very small fall and is more of the nature of a long slough than that of a running stream. The channel is from twenty to fifty feet wide, and is from tw^o to five feet deep. The bottom is composed of soft clay and is covered with weeds and grass. There is so little fall that it would be impossible to take out water by gravity, and a dam would flood a large area of good agricultural land. The drainage basin includes a verv good agricultural district, but there is little possibility of irrgation development. Notukeu Creek had a small flow near 296 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEORGE v.. A. 1912 its mouth, but Finto and Wiwa Creeks were practically dry at their mouths. There was no How at all from Lake Chaplin to Lake Johnston and there has not been for several years. Mr. Sauder left the party at Courval post office on June 28th. Following Mr. Sauder's instructions, I proceeded north to Morse and then to Swift Current. From Swift Current we proceeded south over the same route as that followed on the previous occasion as far as Seventy Mile crossing, in Tp. 3, Rge. 115, \V. 3rd Mer. On this occasion we struck east from Seventy Mile for several miles and then south, coming to the Frenchman River in Sec. 34, Tp. 2, Rge. 12, \V. 3rd Mer., We crossed the river here and followed the west shore to McArthur's ranche on Sec. IS, Tp. 2, Rge. 11, \V. 3rd Mer. Here we left the river and struck southeast across the bench until we reached the boundarv' line and then east to the river. We passed several coulees running into the Frenchman river in Tp. 2, Rges. 11 and 12, but none had running water. Leaving Frenchman River we proceeded east along the boundary' line over the same route as on the previous occasion as far as Rocky Creek in Sec, Tp. 1, Rge. (>, W. 3rd Mer. From here we followed east, touching the west branch of Poplar River in Sec. 5, Tp. 1, Rge. 3, W. 3rd Mer., and the centre or main fork of Poplar River in Sec. S, Tp. 1, Rge. 29, W. 2nd Mer. The west branch of Poplar River had a very small flow of about O.OS second-feet. It resembles Wood River in many ways being from 30 to 75 feet wide and is from two to three feet deep. It is full of weeds and is very sluggish. The main fork of Poplar River isalso sluggish in many places. The banks are very low for some distance on both sides of it, and are probably covered with water during the early spring. The discharge of this stream was 0.8 second-feet. On account of running short of provisions we tra\elled north from Poplar River to W'illow- bunch, where, on account of my teamster giving notice of leaving, I decided to return to Swift Current. From Willowbunch we followed the Pole trail to Wood Mountain and then took the old police or Hudson Bay trail to Seventy Mile crossing. From Willowbunch to Wood Mountain we did not pass any streams, though there is considerable moisture supplied by springs. On leaving Wood Mountain we travelled by a good trail over a rolling country which brought us across the head-waters of Wood River, which consist of about 12 creeks running north and northeast. Of these creeks only four had running water in them, and, as the country is rolling, there is little possibility of irrigation. Leaving the head-waters of Wood Ri\er we crossed the head-waters of several creeks running south into Frenchman River. These were following deep coulees but did not have any flow. Apparently the only time of the year that these creeks run is during the time that the snow is melting or during very heavy rains. From Seventy Mile crossing we travelled north to Notukeu Creek by way of Huff's ranche, following the same trails as we did travelling south. We then travelled along Notukeu Creek to N.E. ,'4 Sec. 29, Tp. 9, Rge. 12, W. 3rd Mer., passing Pierce Creek on the way. Pierce Creek had a very small flow at its mouth, but 1 do not think that this flow would be added to if Mr. Pierce were to discontinue using the north fork of this creek for irrigation purposes. The flow above his head-gates is very small and would in all probability disappear before reaching Notukeu Creek, .■\fter leaving Sec. 29, Tp. 9, Rge. 12, W. 3rd Mer., we travelled north to the head-waters of Whisky (or Russell) Creek in Sec. 36, Tp. 11, Rge. 13, W. 3rd Mer. This had a discharge of l.u second-feet, but there is little possibility of irrigation. From this point we travelled northwest to Swift Current and did not pass any further streams on the way. After obtaining another teamster I again left Swift Current and travelled south to French- man river at the boundap.' line, inspecting Pierce, Notukeu and Bull Creeks on the way, also Frenchman River at Huff's ranche. We followed the same route as on the previous occasion with the exception that when travelling from Seventy Mile crossing to the boundary line we followed the west shore of Frenchman River as far as Heinrich's ranche in Tp. 1, Rge. 11, W. 3rd Mer., before striking on to the bench. There are flats along the Frenchman River between McArthur's ranche and Heinrich's ranche which could probably be irrigated by storing waters in the coulees which run into Frenchman river. F rom Frenchman River we followed the boundan.- line over the same route as on the former trip as far as Poplar River, inspecting Rocky Creek and others crossed on the previous occasions. Levels were run on Rocky Creek and the West Branch of Poplar River. The fall in Rocky Creek taken in Sec. 5, Tp. 1, Rge. 6, W. 3rd Mer., is 2.225 feet per mile; that in the West Branch of Poplar River in Sec. 5, Tp. 1, Rge. 3, W. 3rd Mer., is 0.5 feet per mile. From Poplar River (Sec. 1, Tp. 1, Rge. '29, W. 2nd Mer.) we continued east over a very rough rolling prairie, crossing the East Fork of Poplar River in Sec. 4, Tp. 1, Rge. 26, W. 2nd Mer. This river has a large flat on it in Tp. 1, Rge. 26, W. 2nd Mer., which could be irrigated. The discharge of the river on August "iSrd was 4.98 second-feet. The country between ranges "25 and 23 was so rough that we had to travel some distance south of the boundary line. No streams were passed until we reached Beaver Creek in Sec 5, Tp. 1, Rge. "23, W. 2nd Mer., which had a flow of 0.539 second-feet. The country around Beaver Creek is very rolling and unsuitable for irrigation. We continued east until we reached Sec. 4, Tp. 1, Rge. '22, W. 2nd Mer., and, striking a good trail here leading to Plentywood, Montana, and being about out of oats and provisions, we decided to go there to replenish our supply. From PlentN'wood we travelled due north to the boundary line at Sec. 1, Tp. 1, Rge. 21, W- 2nd Mer., and from here to Bigmuddy police detachment, in Sec. 10, Tp. 1, Rge. 22, W. 2nd .Mer. Plate No. 34. Wood Mountain Party Cooking Breakfast. Taken by P. M. Sauder. Plate No .?5. Wood Mountain Party Breaking Camp. Taken b\ P. M. Sauder. c V J2 a oi 3 z > o e a [3 APPENDIX 297 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d There is a large flat here of heavy soil which leads from Bigmuddy Lake. We followed this flat until we came to the lake and found that there is a very great deal of alkali both at the lake and all along the valley. Leaving Bigmuddy Lake we travelled west crossing the head-waters of Beaver Creek in Tp. 2, Rge. 24, \V. 2nd Mer. The country was very rolling and the creeks were either dry or had water standing in pools; none were flowing. On striking the trail to Willowbunch we followed it until we reached the town. From Willowbunch we travelled southwest to Fife Lake and then to J. M. Knox's ranche in Sec. 28, Tp. 3, Rge. 3, W. 2nd Mer. We passed Hay Meadow Creek which has a very large flat along it, and had a discharge of 13.26 second-feet. This, however, was taken after a very heaN-y rain, and the normal discharge of the creek is very probably somewhat less. At J. M. Kno.x's place there is a large flat which covers the greater part of the N.W. and S.W. quarters of Sec. 28, Tp. 3, Rge. 30, W. 2nd Mer. In a coulee in Sec. 29, Tp. 3, Rge. 30, W. 2nd Mer., there is a large spring which could be used to irrigate the land owned by Mr. Knox. Owing to the porous nature of the soil, which is of a hea%y sandy loam, the water from this spring disappears in the N.W. Vi Sec. 28, Tp. 3, Rge. 30, W. 2nd Mer. .Although the country is very hilly for some miles west and south of this point, and is probably more suitable for ranching purposes than for agricultural, there are numerous springs throughout the district which lead into small flats which could with small e.xpense be irrigated. Many of the settlers in this district are from the western states and have used irrigation previous to the time of their coming to Canada to live. We made a short trip to a small creek in Sec. 2, Tp. 4, Rge. 1, W. 3rd Mer., which had a discharge of 0.994 second-feet; there are small flats of about ten acres each which could be irrigated. From J. M. Knox's place we travelled to Mr. Franks' place in Sec. 17, Tp. 4, Reg. 1, W. 3rd Mer. There is a fine large spring in the S.W. '4 Sec. 17, Tp. 4, Rge. 1, W. 3rd Mer., which forms the head-waters of Hay Meadow Creek. The fall for several hundred feet from the spring is one foot in one hundred feet. Mr. Franks could use this spring to irrigate about ten acres in the quarter-section south of him. From this point we travelled to Wood Mountain and then followed the same route, as we did while Mr. Sauder was with us, as far as Lynthorp in Sec. 1 Tp. 7, Rge. 4, W. 3rd Mer., taking gaugings of Wood Creek in Sec. 20, Tp. 4, Reg. 3, W. 3rd Mer., and near its mouth at Twelve Mile Lake in Sec. 4, Tp. 6, Rge. 3, VV. 3rd Mer. ' At the latter point the discharge was 4.36 second-feet. This rather large How was caused by recent heavy rains. From Lynthorp we travelled northwest to Gravelbourg, crossing Wood River in N.W. J^ Sec. 18, Tp. 10, Rge. 4, W. 3rd -Mer. There is a very- good cross-section at this point, and it is the only good place to take gaugings which we met with along Wood River. The discharge here was 5.21 second-feet. Levels were run along Wood River in Sec. 31, Tp. 10, Rge. 4, W. 3rd Mer., which gave a fall of but Co feet per mile. While at Gravelbourg we made a trip n'orthj crossing Notukeu and Wiwa Creeks, and touched Wood River in Sec. 4, Tp. 13, Rge. 4, W. 3rd' Mer. On account of the river being very low, the result obtained at the latter point was poor. On leaving Gravelbourg we travelled west along the township line between Townships 10 and 11 as far as Notukeu creek in Sec. 5, Tp. 11, Rge. 10, W. 3rd Mer. The discharge here was 11.76 second-feet. Striking north, we crossed Russell Creek near its mouth at Sec. 17, Tp. 11 Rge. 10, W. 3rd Mer. (discharge 1.183 second-feet), and Mosquito Creek in Sec. 20, Tp. 11, Rge! 10, W. 3rd Mer. From this latter creek we travelled northwest to Swift Current. On Sep- tember 18th, I took the transport and camp equipment to Maple Creek, disposing of it there as per instructions. With regard to further work in the Wood Mountain district, there is little possibility of irrigation developments outside of the Frenchman River, Rocky Creek, and some very small schenies in the townships on the west side of Fife Lake, and I do not consider that further date m this district are of sufticient importance to warrant the expense of keeping an outfit in this district another year. APPENDIX No. 2. REPORT ON THE WINTER CONDITIONS fN THE BANFF DISTRICT DURING THE WINTER OF 1911-12, BY V. A. NEWHALL, B.A.Sc, DISTRICT HYDROGRAPHER. In this district winter work was begun shortly after the severe cold spell in the early part of November. Prior to this, great trouble was experienced with floating slush, and anchor ice. in all the mountain streams anchor ice forms on the stones and boulders in the river-bottom before surface ice forms. The swiftly flowing water probably breaks any ice cr^■stals forming on the surface, where the air is in contact with the water, while in the river-bottom crystals can adhere to the rough surfaces ot the boulders and rock fragments. On many streams this floating mass was in such- quantities that not only was the meter stopped but was even in danger of having stay-line and cable broken and carried away. The severe cold weather created a surface ice at the stations having low velocities. This was the case on the Bow River at Morley. 298 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, lOii 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 Bow River at Morley had ice formed on it, then slush ice packed underneath, so that the meter could not revolve. This condition continued until the station was abandoned at the close of 1911. Bow and Pipestone Rivers, at Laggan, were blocked by an ice-jam, so that the stations had to be temporarily abandoned. The cross-sections at these stations were later cut open in trenches three feet wide and down to the water, which was four to five feet below the top of ice. The difficulty experienced with such conditions as these is that the lowest ice surface — that in contact with the water — is composed of ice fragments, which deflect the water and disturb the stream- lines, so causing velocities that arc the result of eddies and currents. Bath Creek, at Laggan, flowed open during the entire winter season. Bow River, at Banff, was ice-covered at the gauging section only once during the winter. At other times shore ice extended fifteen feet from each side, but this was cleared aw'ay to give open-water conditions. On the Spray, Ghost and Kananaskis Rivers, ice formed at the sides, but owing to their high velocities these streams were kept open in the centre, until later in the season. Devils Creek and Cascade River were both influenced by the construction of the dam con- trolled by the Calgary Power Company. The gauging station on Uevils Creek had the ice cleared away by the huge flow that was continued for a day and a half, while the overflooding of the ice at the Cascade station, together with the ice cakes that jammed there, made it im- possible to get a reliable gauging. If such an amount of water is released during a "hard'' winter, when the snow is deep and the quantity of ice great, the Cascade station will be rendered useless again. The foregoing give the conditions as they were in general, though at e%ery visit some variation might be noted. Gauge-height records under such conditions are practically valueless, as the water may be backed by a jam or raised by a thicker ice-formation. This latter should be explained by stating that in all swiftly flowing streams the ice forms in an arch, the greatest thickness being at the shores; hence ice formation crowds the water higher in the centre. Ice so formed influences gauge-heights when a thaw conies, the water melting the ice at the sides, thus making a greater flow, though an apparent drop or very small increase may be observed on the gauge. To obtain gauge-height records of winter flow where the section is poor would mean clearing away, by sawing or cutting, the rough ice that formed, for a width of about twenty-five feet across the entire section, to permit a new and better formation, but this is too expensive for records, which even then would not always be reliable. A great trouble experienced in gauging when the temperature is more than twelve degrees below zero is the formation of ice on the meter, hindering the ready revolution of the cups and necessitating repeated warming. If the surface ice is covered with snow this seems to serve as a protective covering and reduces the escape of the heat in the water, by conduction, through the ice to the air. Much trouble lies in the bending of the electric cable when ice-coated. A break should usually be sought in this section before wasting time seeking elsewhere. With regard to cutting tools three are necessary, namely ice-axe, ice-chisel and shovel, while a fourth, an ice-needle, is useful when breaking ice underneath water. APPENDIX No. 3. DESCRIPTION OF AN APPARATUS FOR ADJUSTING THE LENGTH OF THE CREST OF A STEEL RECTANGULAR WEIR TO ANY DESIRED LENtiTH, USED IN THE EASTERN CYPRESS HILLS DISTRICT, BY G. H. WHYTE, DISTRICT HYDRO- GRAPHER. In the hydrographic work in the Maple Creek district, it has been found that the equipment must be reduced to a minimum, in so far as the accuracy of the results will permit. For this reason it was found that the carrying of two weirs would cause considerable inconvenience. At the same time there were a number of springs which it was necessary to measure. These small streams could not be measured with a ■24-inch weir to a sufficient degree of accuracy. To over- come this difficulty, the attachment shown in Plates 40 and 47 was constructed and used with the 24-inch weir, to reduce the weir-crest to any desired length. A plate of steel (see Plate 46) of the same thickness as the weir-face, was 9btained and the bottom cut at the same angle as that of the weir plate (45°), resulting in a close joint. The left side was also be\elled to 45° so as to form a sharp edge upstream. This plate was attached to the weir by means of angles making it possible to adjust their lengths slightly. To use this attachment, the weir is set in the creek as for ordinary use, then the plate is put on and clamped at the desired point. The crest is graduated to feet and inches, making it possible to obtain at once the desired width of crest. The intervening space between the plate and the edge of the weir is filled with sod, allowing the water to pass through the other opening only (see Plates 48 and 49). a ■r. -3 hJ2 ■O 41 u u o < it <-5 Si bi— • 2 |3 a: u Plate No. 42. Gauging Station on Devil's Creel; near Bankhead. .-Mta. Pl.\te No 43. iiiiil^i^ Gauging Cascade River on Feb 27th, 191i J3 u o o 2 'Ji, > 5 r3 C3 o Plate No. 46. Plate and Anglos for adjusting the Length of the Crest of a Steel Rectangular Weir. Taken by G. H. Whyte. Plate No. 47. Plate attached to a 24-inch Weir. Taken by G. H. Whyte. o Oh > d > J3 ^ d APPENDIX 299 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d APPENDIX No. 4. REPORT OX THE CURRENT-METER RATING STATION ESTABLISHED BY THE IRRIGATION OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR. AT CALGARY, ALBERTA, BY F. H. PETERS, C.E., COMMISSIONER OF IRRIGATION. .•\ description of this rating "station was. bv pel mission, submitted by the Commissioner^ of Irrigation in the form of a paper to the Canadian Society of Civil Engineers. The following report is practically a reproducuon of that paper. The work of stream measurements has been carried on by the Irrigation Office, Department of the Interior, for a long period of years in the two provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan, but it was not until the early part of 1909 that the great importance of this work was recognized by the Department, and at that time a special hydrographic surveys branch was organized under Mr. P. M. Sauder, C.E., from which time the work of stream measurements has been carried on systematically and extensively. Prior to this time a current-meter rating station had been established on a slack-water mill-pond on Bow river at Calgary, but its equipment was never very satisfactory, and it finally fell into bad repair and its use was discontinued. Along with the formation of the hydrographic surveys branch was considered the matter of establishing an up-to-date and efficient current- meter rating station, because it was realized that without this equipment, by which means all current-meters used could be frequently rated, that the current-meter records would be liable to serious errors. No active steps were, however, taken in the matter until the winter of 1910, when the plans, specifications and estimate of cost for the station and equipment were prepared by the writer. The contract for the work was let to the firm of Jones, Blackshire and Lyttle of Calgary, on May 29th, 1911, and was completed by them on July 21st, 1911. In carrying out the construction the steel reinforcing, the steel rails, the cement and the car were supplied by the Department, and the City of Calgary laid the water-supply pipe to the edge of the rating-station property. Every- thing else was included in the contract except some small electrical fittings which were installed after the work was completed under the writer's supervision. The total cost for the station and equipment was S4475.39. The total estimated cost for the station was .?4690.24. In designing the work the aim was to obtain the most perfect apparatus possible for rating the current-meters and to create a permanent structure, so that it was early decided to use concrete in the construction of the necessary tank. As no stretch of still water having a suitable length and depth was available, it was necessary to create a tank, and in studying its design two points had to be principally considered. First, as the water-supply had to be taken from the city mains, the tank had to be made proof against any leakage, as the city authorities were not willing to guarantee any large supply of water such as might be required if any serious leakage from cracks developed in the tank. Second, the cross- sectional water area was required as small as possible and yet of sufficient dimensions to guard against any following-on movement of the water, in running the meters through the tank. To overcome the first difficulty a heavily reinforced structure was designed, such that, being emptied and exposed to the weather in winter no temperature cracks could develop and the inside faces of the tank were waterproofed by Sylvesters' process. In deciding on the proper cross-section of the tank to overcome the second difficulty no data were obtainable, but with the tank as constructed no following-on movement or undue disturbance of the water has been observed, even with the largest meters tested at velocities as high as 10 feet per second. The length of the tank (250 feet) was adopted in order to bring the cost of the structure within the limits of the amount of money available, but provision has been made in locating the tank for its future xtension to a length of 500 feet, which is desirable in order to attain the highest degree of iccuracy. A description of the station will be given, the various points of which will be made clear by referring to the several plates. The main features of the station are a car, on which the current-meter is mounted, and it is hen run through the water in the tank at different uniform rates of speed. The three ele- aents, — the distance, the time, and the number of revolutions of the meter — are mechanically measured, and from these the velocity of travel of the current-meter through the water is related to the revolution per second of the meter, which relation of revolutions to velocity constitutes the rating of the meter. The concrete tank is 25'0 feet long with an inside width and depth of 6 feet by 5 feet 6 inches, and the depth of water to be maintained is 5 feet. The floor and walls are 8 inches thick and are remlorced fieavily longitudinally and transversely with half inch round mild steel rods— in order to absolutely preclude any temperature cracks in the concrete. The concrete was specified a mixture ot one part Portland cement to seven parts clean river gravel, to have at least fifteen turns in a good machine, and to be placed wet and thoroughlv tamped. All the interior faces were thoroughly spaded in order to create a smooth close-grained surface to which to apply the ^ 300 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1911 2 GEOKGE v., A. 1»12 Sylvesters' wash. All steel rods at joints were overlapped sixteen inches and it was specified that they were to be wired so as to have contact throughout the whole of this length. The tank floor was laid on an 8-inch foundation of large stones overlaid with smaller stones and gravel, in order to provide thorough drainage for any water which might leak through the tank, so that when the tank is emptied in winter, and exposed to the weather no heaving might result from any water being lodged under the tank bottom. The soil beneath is of sandy character, which is permeable to water. The water-supply is from a two-inch iron pipe laid from the city mains and a six-inch tile drain 224 feet long, fitted with an iron gate-valve at the tank, allows the tank to be emptied at any time into the Bow river. After the tank was completed, all the inside faces were treated with two coats of Sylvesters' wash. At the time of writing, the tank has been exposed, empty, to two cold snaps with the thermometer at — 30° and no cracking of the concrete what- soever has resulted, except a few hair-line cracks near the top of the walls. As regards the waterproofing, two observation shafts were left along the tank sides running down to the foun- dation and no leakage whatever was observed, d uring the summer when the lank was full, except a slight dampness at the bottom of the side walls. It should be noted that another reason why it was desired to make the tank leak-proof, is because it is intended to obtain evaporation records at the tank in future seasons. The track laid along the side of the tank for the car is of 16-pound, and laid to a gauge of 32 3-8 inches on 4 x 6 inch ties, fish plates and bolts being used to every joint. In laying the track the greatest care was e.xercised to get it laid solid and as level as possible, with close rail joints, in order that the car would run on the track as smoothly as possible. The measured run of the car is 200 feet, 25 feet being left at each end of the track in which to speed up the car, and the track at one end runs into the car-house, where the car is kept under lock and key, when not in use. The original idea was that the car should be mechanically driven by an electric motor work- ing on one of the axles of the car. It is an essential that the rate of travel of the car over its measured course should be uniform, but after much consideration the writer was not able to devise any method of control by which the rate of travel of the car could be kept uniform (without acceleration) throughout its run, if driven by an electric motor or some other mechanical means. The car is, therefore, propelled by hand, but its design is such that an electric motor can be easily attached at any future date if any means can be devised of overcoming the difficulty mentioned above. The main features in the design of the car have been copied from the car used by the Bureau of Standards, United States Government at their current-meter rating station at Washington, D.C., blue prints of the design of which were verj- kindly lent by an officer of the Bureau of Standards. The main features of the car are that the axles run in roller bearings and the platform is attached to the front axle by a pinion joint which makes the level of the platform entirely de- pendent on the rear axle, and thus any tendency of the platform to be twisted due to uneven tracks is overcome. It is thought that this arrangement eliminates practically all the sharp vertical movements which might otherwise be transmitted to the current meter in its travel through the water. Two horizontal iroh arms project from the car to the centre of the concrete tank. When the meter is being rated with the rod suspension, the meter rods are clamped in these horizontal arms. When the meter is being rated with a cord suspension and weights, the vertical cord is run down through the sockets used for clamping the meter rods, and a removable iron arm is used for attaching a wire stay-line to the meter. The car wheels have solid flanges and all the iron in the car is of heavy section, the idea being that with a hea\-y car running in easy bearings it would be easier to maintain a uniform rate of travel than with a light car. In making the run with the meter, the count of the revolutions of the meter and of the time internal are both automatically registered in the car-house by electric apparatus. The electric circuits from the car into the car-house are made by two trolley wires above the car and one wire laid along the ties between the tracks. The circuit from the meter for the count of the revolutions is made by the two trolley wires, while the circuit for the time internal is mide by the ground wire with one auxiliary wire, and one of the trolley wires used for the return. The diagram submitted will show the layout of the electric circuits clearly. The distance over which each run is made is 200 feet, and this distance is marked by two rods set up vertically on the ties at the side of the car. On the car platform are two electric switches with long arms projecting over the edge of the car platform, and these, engaging with the two rods at 200 feet inter\'al, close the electric circuit for this interval, running through the commutator box on the meter and thus the revolutions of the meter over the interval of 200 feet are transmitted to the car-house where they are registered by two electric registers set in series in order to check each other on the count. Some difficulty was experienced at first in getting the electric registers to count accurately when running the meters at high velocities, but this difficulty was overcome by always overhauling the commutator box on the meters and making a fine adjustment of the make — and — break apparatus therein. It will be seen that this method of counting the revolu- tions is liable to be slightly in error owing to the fact that the registers do not take any count of the fractional revolution of the meter at either end of the run. This error however, would be reduced to a minimum by increasing the length of the run. Plate No. 51. View of Current-meter Rating Car, showing Trollcya and Switches. Plate Xd. 52. End View of Current-meter Rating Car, showing Car House behind Plate No 53. General \ie\v of the Current-meter Rating Car at rest. Plate No. 54. The Cui rent-meter Rating Car in motion. 3l APPEXDIX 301 SESSIONAL PAPER No, 25d The time interval is counted by a stop-watch, which is operated by a simple electro-magnet, with a padded lever attachment, designed by the writer, in exactly the same manner that a stop- watch is operated by hand. At each rod, marking the 200 foot interval, the circuit running through the stop-watch via the ground wires has inset a one-nipple push-switch, and lugs under- neath the car make and break the circuit as the car passes these two points, thus starting and stopping the watch at the respective ends of the 200-foot run and thereby counting the time taken by the car in making the run of 200 feet. The procedure adopted in rating the meter is to make 20 runs for each meter with velocities varying from 0.5 feet per second to 10 feet per second, the increments in velocity for each run from the low speed to the high being as uniformly distributed between the limits as possible. From the data thus gained the revolutions per second with their corresponding velocities per second are computed, the points plotted and among them the most probable curve is drawn. From the rating curve thus constructed the rating table is prepared for use in the field and the office, showing in convenient tabular form the velocities corresponding to the various revolutions per second of the meter, from zero velocity up to 10 feet per second. It should here be noted that the rule in the service is not to measure any stream at a section where the average velocity falls below 0.5 feet per second, and a velocity of 10 feet per second is about the highest met with in practive. Mathematically, the most probable curve is that drawn from values found from normal equations by the method of least squares. It is considered, however, that the method adopted of taking the values off a cun.e carefully plotted as noted above is quite accurate enough to meet all practical requirements, and the saving of time and labour by using this method is ver>- great. For purposes of keeping a graphical office record of the succeeding ratings of the meters a separate sheet is prepared for each meter. On this is first plotted, for purposes of comparison, the standard curve for the meter (Gurleys' standard curve for all Price electric meters) and all succeeding ratings of the meter will be plotted on the sheet in different-coloured inks, with notes as to the date of ratings, conditions of the meter, etc., until the confusion of many curves will require the preparation of a new curve sheet. Revolutions per second are plotted as ordinates to a sea of 4 inches to one revolution per second, and velocities in feet per second are plotted as abscissae to a scale of 4 inches to 2 feet per second. For velocities up to 3 feet per second, an auxiliar>' cur\e is drawn with the velocity scale increased to 4 inches to 1 foot per second, to allow for greater precision in taking the quantities off the curve. It is the intention to carry on extensive experimental work in order to determine the various condit ns that affect the rating of the current-meter. Especially is it desirable to rate every large meter using the two methods of suspension, that is, by meter rods and by cable with stay line. With the limited time available during the past season it was possible to rate the meters only with the rod suspension. Some of the results obtained, however, are surprising and worthy of note. The writer has had a lengthy experience with the use of the Gurley N'o. 600, large Electric Meter, and his idea has always been (and he knows that it was shared by other men of experience) that with continued use on account of the pivot bearings constantly wearing, that the friction was increased, and that the revolution of the meter was thereby retarded. The experience of the past summer in rating nine of these meters has indicated that after considerable use the meters run fast instead of slow. The evidence points to the conclusion that with con- siderable use the bearing-points in the meter wear themselves smoother than they come new from the makers, and hence have less friction than when they are new. The experiments, how- ever, have not been exhaustive enough to prove anything conclusively beyond the fact that, except when they are perfectly new, no current-meter can be relied upon unless it is carefully and frequently rated. The new medium-size type of electric meter (Gurleys' Xo. 623) ha^ been adopted by this office for the first time this year, and therefore no experiments could be made on worn meters of this type. Five meters of this type were tested, of which two had been in light use for one season and three were perfectly new. All of these gave a rating curve practically the same as the standard curve issued b\- W. & L. E. Gurley, but in every case showing the meter running a little faster than Gurleys' standard. Of the small electric meters (Gurleys' Xo. 618) nine were tested and all showed nearly the same results, although four of them had been in use for two seasons and five of them were new. At low velocities the new cur\-e coincided with Gurleys' standard curve, but as the velocities increased the new cur\^e dipped below the standard, which means that the meter was running slower than the standard. This may have been due to the bending, at high velocities, of the ' small meter-rods by which the meter was suspended from the car. This bending from the vertical of the meter rods was actually noticed to take place, but no opportunity was "obtained to use a stay-line to keep the rods vertical, and thereby test the effect of the bending on the rating of the meter. As indicated above, it is the intention to earn,- on extensive experiments in the future to determine the effect of the method of suspension of the meter on the rating. In practice, all of the large streams are measured by suspending the meter in the stream with a cord and em- ploying a stay-line to hold the meter up against the current. Under these conditions, especially with high velocities, there is a tendency for the meter to sway continually from side to side at right angles to the current, and it will be interesting and important to determine what effect this has on the revolutions of the meter. Identical conditions will not be obtainable at the rating station, as the length of the cord suspension will of necessity be much shorter than that 302 STREAM MEASUREMENTS, 1191 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 used cither from a cable-car station or from a highway-bridge station, and this factor will no doubt, enter largely into the amount of sway that the meter will have. Four rating curves are submitted with this paper in order to show graphically, actual results obtained in rating meters of different types during the past summer. Explanatory notes have been added, (which do not appear on the original office copies) and the curves were selected to show typical cases. Mr. V. A. Newhall had charge of all the meter ratings during the past season, and under his direction, the working parts of the station were finally tuned up, and the electric switches and recording apparatus were finally adjusted and improved to overcome difficulties met with in operation. To him, also, the writer is indebted for the notes on the behaviour of the several types of meters on being rated. In conclusion, the writer would note, for the information of the engineering profession, that the Irrigation Office is prepared to rate any meters that may be sent in by any engineers or others, desirous of having their current-meters tested, and a certified rating table will be prepared and returned with the meters. A small fee will be charged to cover only the actual time of the en- gineer and his assistant, employed in making the rating and preparing the table, based on the salaries paid to the men of the Department. 2 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 2->d i]N^r>E2s: Page. "Acre Foot." definition of IS Alberta Railwav & Irrigation Co.'s Canal, near Kimball. Alta. (2. 24. W4): description 125 Aldersyde Gauging Station: (See Highwood Riverl. Anderson Ditch, near Thelma, Alta.: description 153 Antelope Lake Drainage Basin: general description 223 Antler Creek. North (3. 1. W2): discharge measurements. 1911 293 Axton East Ditch, near South Fork, Sask.: description - 212 Axton West Ditch, near South Fork. Sask.: description 212 B. BantT District: summarv of work S Winter. 191 1-12 t\'. .\. Newhall) 297 Banff Gauging Station: tSee Spray River.) Bankhead Gauging Station: (See Devil's Creek, and Cascade River.) Bath Creek: discharge measurements. 1911 90 Battle Creek Drainage Basin: general description 1C5 Battle Creek at Nash's Ranche (3. 27. W3): description 179 discharge measurements. 1911 180 daily gauge height and discharge, 1911. . 180 monthly discharge. 1911 181 Battle Creek at Tenmile Police Detachment (5. 29. \V3); description 172 discharge measurements. 1911 173 daily guage, height and discharge, 1911.. 173 monthly discharge. 1911 174 Battle Creek at Wilson's Ranche (.6.28. W3): description 175 discharge measurements. 1911 176 daily guage height and discharge, 1911 . . 176 monthly discharge. 1911 177 Battleford District: Summary of work 14 Battleford River at Battleford: description 28 discharge measurements. 1911 29 Bear Creek-East Branch (10. 23. W3): description 248 Bear Creek East Branch at Johnson's Ranche (10. 23. W3); description 236 discharge measurements, 1911 236 daily gauge height and discharge. 1911 . 237 monthly discharge. 1911 238 Bear Creek West Branch (10. 23. W3): description 248 Bear Creek West Branch at Bertram's Ranche (10. 23. W31: description 238 discharge measurements. 1911 239 daily gauge height and discharge, 1911. . 239 monthly discharge. 1911 240 Bear Creek, near Unsworth's Ranche, Sask. (11. 23. W3): description 241 discharge measurements. 1911 241 daily gauge height and discharge. 1911 . 241 monthly discharge. 1911 242 Beargulch (jreek (2. 9. W4): discharge measurements, 1911 148 Beaupre Creek (26. 5. W5): discharge measurements, 1911 90 Beaver Creek (1. 23. W2) : Page, discharge measurements. 1911 279 Beaver Creek Br. (1. 23. W2): discharge measurements, 1911 279 Belanger Creek at Garissere's Ranche (7. 25. W3): description 1S9 discharge measurements. 1911 190 daily gauge height and discharge, 1911 . 190 monthly discharge, 1911 191 Belly River Drainage Basin: general description 120 Belly River, near Lethbridge. Alta. (19. 22. W4) : discharge measurements. 1911 122 Belly River, near Mountain View (2. 23. W4) : description 120 discharge measurements 121 Belly River, near Stand-Off. Alta (6. 25. 4.): description 121 Bench marks 16 Berrv Creek at Forster's Ranche. Alta (23. 13. W4): description 33 discharge measurements, 1911 33 daily gauge height and discharge, 1911. . 33 monthly discharge. 1911 34 Berr>' Creek. East Branch (22. 12. W4): 36 Bertram's Ranche Gauging Station (See Bear Creek). Beveridge East Ditch, on Piapot Creek, Sask. (10. 24. W3): discription 243 discharge measurements. 1911 243 Beveridge West Ditch, on Piapot Creek (10. 24. W3): description 243 discharge measurements. 1911 ... 244 Bewlev's Ranche Gauging Station; (See Fairfield Creek.) Bighill Creek (26. 4. Wo): discharge measurements. 1911 90 Big Stick Lake Drainage Basin: general description 253 Bigmuddy Creek Drainage Basin: general description 279 Bigmuddy Flat (1. 22. W2); discharge measurements. 1911 279 Black Diamond Gauging Station. (See Sheep River S.Br.): Blacktail Coulee at Garissere's Ranche (6. 23. W3) : description - 193 discharge measurements. 1911 194 daily gauge height and discharge. 1911 . . 194 monthly discharge. 1911 195 Blairmore Creek (S- 4. Wo): discharge measurements, 1911 118 Blindman River (39. 27. W4): discharge measurements, 1911 36 Blood Indian Creek at Hallam's Ranche. Alta. (23. S. W4): description 34 discharge measurements, 1911 34 daily gauge height and discharge. 1911. . 35 monthly discharge. 1911 35 Bone Creek at Lewis' Ranche, Sask. (8. 22. WS): description 215 discharge measurements. 1911 216 dailv gauge height and discharge, 1911. . 216 monthly discharge. 1911 217 Boundarj- Creek Gauging Station. (See Fidler Brothers" Ditch). Bow River Drainage Basin: general description 36 Bow River at Banff. Alta. (25. 12. W5) : description 41 discharge measurements. 1911 41 daily gauge height and discharge. 1911 . 42 monthly discharge. 1911 43 303 3t)4 INDEX 2 c;eorc;e v.. a. i312 Page. Bow River, near Bassano. Alia.: description 87 discharge measurements. 1911 S7 daily gauge height and discharge, 191 1 . t>8 monthly discharge. 1911 89 Bow River at Calgary. Alta. (24. 1. W.'i):. . . description 59 discharge measurements. 1910-11 60 daily gauge height and discharge, 1910.. (iO daily gauge height and discharge. 1911. . 61 monthly discharge. llUU-1 1 62 Bow River at Laggan. Alia. (28. 16. Wo): description 36 discharge measurements. 191 1 37 daily gauge height and discharge, 1911. . 38 monthl V discharge. 1911 39 Bow River, near Morley. Alta. (25. 7. W5): description 53 discharge measurements. 1911 53 daily gauge hei'^ht and discharge. 1911 . 5-1 monthlv discharue. 191 1 55 Boxelder Creek near Walsh. Aka. (12. 30. W3): description 267 discharge measurements. 1911 267 dailv gauge height and discharge. 1911 . . 267 monthly discharge. 1911 268 Braniff Ditch near Piapot. Sask.; description 243 Breed Creek (4. 12. 3.): discharge measurements. 1911 208 Bridge Creek Dovle's Ranche. Sask. (10. 22. \V;ji: description 223 discharge measurements, 1911 224 daily gauge height and discharge. 1911 . . 224 monthly discharge. 1911 , , . 225 Bridge Creek at Gull Lake, Sask. (13. 19. W3): description 228 discharge measurements, 191 1 229 dailv gauge height and discharge, 1911. . 229 monthly discharge. 1911 230 Bridge Creek near ^kuU Creek. Sask. (11. 23. \V3): description 226 discharge measurements, 1911 220 dailv gauge height and discharge. 1911 . 227 Monthly discnarge. 1911 228 Bull Creek (8. 14. \V3): discharge measurements, 1911 . 277 BuUpound Creek (25. 14. \V4); discharge measurements. 1911 36 BuUshead Creek at Clark's Ranche. .Vila. 1.9. 5. \V41: description 273 discharge measurements. 1911 274 daily gauge height and discharge, 1911 274 Bullshead Creek near Dunmore. .\lta. (12. 5. W4): description 275 discharge measurements . 275 Burton Ditch. .\Ua. (11. 1. W5>: discharge measurements. 1911 96 Caldwell's Gauging Station: (See Christianson Ditch.) Calf Creek (8. 22. \V3): discharge measurements. 191 1 20S Calgary District; Summary of work. 1911 9 Calgary Gauging Stations: (See Bow River. Elbow River and C.P.R. Co.'s Canal). Callum Creek (10. 1. \V5): discharge measurement. 1911 118 Canadian Pacific Railway Co.'s Canal near Calgar\- (23.29.\V41: description 68 discharge measurements. 1911 68 daily gauge height and discharge. 191! , , 69 monthly discharge. 1911 69 Canal Creek U. 6. \V4): discharge measurements. 1911 151 Canyon Creek near Mountain Mill ^6. 2. \V5): description 108 discharge measurements. 1911 109 Mean daily gauge height in feet. Ht| 1 109 Cardston District: Summary of work 10 Page. Cardston Gauging Station: (See Lee Creek.) Carmichael's Spring (13. 29. \V4>: discharge measurements 118 Cascade River at Bankhcad. Alta. (20. ll.\V5): description 47 discharge measurements. !91 1 47 daily gauge height and discharge, 1911. . 48 monthly discharge, 1911. 48 Cave (Banff): discharge measurements. 1911 91 Chaplin River (14. 3. \V3): 277 Cheeseman Ditch near Coulee (8, 29. W3l: description 165 Christianson Ditch near Cardwell. Alta. (3. 8. W4) : description 121 Concrete Coulee (7. 23. W3): discharge measurements. 1911 208 Conditions of channel, changing 25 Connelly Creek near Lundbreck. .Mt;i, (7. 2. \V5): description 112 discharge measurements. 1911 113 Cool Creek (1. 1. W3): discharge measurements. 1911 279 Coulee. A. 1. 21. \V2): discharge measurements, 1911 279 Coulee. A. (1. 25. \V2): discharge measurements. 1911 279 Coulee. A. (1. 28. \V2): discharge measurements. 1911 279 Coulee. A. (1. 3. \V3): discharge measurements. 1911 279 Coulee. .\. {1. 3. \V3): discharge measurements. 1911 279 Coulee. A. (1. 4. \V3>: discharge measurements. 1911 278 Coulee. A. (1. 9. \V3): discharge measurements. 1911 278 Coulee. A. (7. 21. \V3) : discharge measurements, 1911 223 Coulee. A. (7. 21. \V3i: discharge measurements, 1911 223 Coulee Gauging Station.: (See Cheeseman Ditch). Cow Creek at Ross' Ranche (8. 2. Wo): description ill discharge measurements. 1911 112 mean daily gauge height in feet. 1911 . 112 Crane Lake Drainage Basin: general description 230 Creek. A. (1. 23. W2i: discharge measurements, 1911 279 Creek. A. (2. 29. W2): discharge measurements. 1911 279 Creek. A. (14. 29. W2): discharge measurements. 1911 279 Creek. A. (3. 30. \V2>: discharge measurements. 19U 279 Creek. A. (4. 1. W3): discharge measurements. 1911 279 Creek. A. (4. 3. W3): discharge measurements, 1911 277 Creek. A. (4. 3. W3): discharge measurements. 1911 277 Creek. A. (5. 5. W.3): discharge measurements. 1911, 277 Creek. A. (5. 5. W3>: discharge measurements. 1911 277 Creek. A. (5. 5. W3U discharge measurements. 1911 277 Creek, A. (5. 5. \V3): discharge measurements, 1911 277 Creek. A. {7. 5. \V3): discharge measurements. 1911 277 Creek. A. tl. 6. W3) : discharge measurements. I'.Hl 278 Creek A. (1. 6. W3): discharge measurements. 1911 278 Creek. A. (1- 6. W3): discharge measurements. 1911 278 Creek. A. (5. 6. W3) : discharge measurements. I'.ill 277 Creek, A. (1. 7. W3): discharge measurements, 1911 278 Creek. A. (5. 7. W3»:" discharge measurements. 1911 277 Creek. A. (5. 7. \V3): discharge measurements. 1911 277 INDEX 305 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Creek. A. (o. 0. \V3) : discharge measurements. lUll Creek. A. {2. 11. \V3) : discharge measurements. 191 1 Creek. A. (2. 12. \V3) : discharge measurements, 1911 Creek. A. (2. 12. VV3): discharge measurements. 1911 Creek. A. (3. 12. W3>: discharge measurements, 1911 Creek. A. (3. 12. \V3): discharge measurements. 1911 Creek. Spring (2. 11. 4): discharge measurements. 1911 Creek, Spring {7. 29. VV3): discharge measurements, 1911 Creek. Spring (7. 29. VV31 : discharge measurements. 1911 Creek. A. (2. IS. \V4): discharge measurements. 191 1 Creek. A. (1. 23. \V4): discharge measurements. 1911 Creek. Spring A. (6. 16. W31: discharge measurements. 1911 Creek. Spring A. (7. 22. \V3): discharge measurements. 191 ! Creek. Spring A. (8. 22. W3>: discharge measurements. 1911 Creek. Spring A. (S. 22. W3) : discharge measurements. 1911 Creek. Spring A. (10. 23. \V3): discharge measurements. 1011 . . Creek, Spring A. (11. 23. \V3): discharge measurements. 1911 Creek. Spring A. (.7. 24. \V3): discharge measurements. 1911 Creek. Spring A. (10. 24. W3): discharge measurements, 1911 Creek, Spring A. (13. 29. VV4): discharge measurements. 1911 Creek. Spring A. (11. 30. \V4): discharge measurements. 1911 Creek. Spring A. (13. 1. Wo): discharge measurements. 1911 Creek. Spring A. (13. 1. \V5) : discharge measurements. 1911 Creek. Spring A. (14. 1. \V5l: discharge measurements. 1911 Creek. Spring A. (14. 1. Wo): discharge measurements, 1911 Creek. Spring A. {15. 1. Wo): discharge measurements. 1911 Creek. Spring A. (15. 1. Wo): discharge measurements. 191 1 Creek. Spring A. (13. 2. W5): discharge measurements, 1911 Cross' Ranche Gauging Station: (See Frenchman River). Cross. A. M. Ditch (8. 22. W3): discharge measurements, 1911 Crooked Creek near Waterton Mills. Alta.: discharge measurements. 191 1 Crowsnest River near Coleman. Alta. (8. 5. W5): description discharge measurements, 1911 mean daily height, 1911 Crowsnest River near Frank. Alta. (7. 4. Wo): description discharge measurements, 1911 daily gauge height and discharge. 1911. . monthly discharge, 1911 Crowsnest River near Lundbreck. Alta. (7. 2. W5): description discharge measurements. 191 1 mean daily gauge height. 1911 Cumberland's Ranche Gauging Station: (See Piapot Creek). Current meters. Re-rating of Current meters. Report by F. H. Peters Daily discharge. Computations of Davis Creek at Drury's Ranche (6. 25. W3) : description discharge measurements. 1911 'age. 1 Page. 1 daily gauge height and discharge 1911.. 192 277 ; monthly discharge. 191 1 ' Dead Fish Creek: 193 208 1 discharge measurements. 1911 1 Dead Horse Creek (2. 11. W4): 31) 20S discharge measurements, 1911 . . - 148 Deer Creek at Deer Creek Cattle Co.s Ranche 208 (1. 12. W4):... description 145 208 discharge measurements. 1911 .. . 140 daily gauge height and discharge 147 208 monthly discharge 147 Deer Creek at Dickinson's Ranche, Alta. 14.S (1. 12. W4t: description 143 182 discharge measurements, 1911. . . 143 daily gauge height and discharge loii! '. 144 182 monthly discharge. 1911 143 Definitions 18 148 Depth in inches. Definition of 18 Devil's Creek near Bankhead (26. 11. 'W5): ■ 148 description 48 discharge measurements. 1911. . . 49 208 daily gauge height and discharge 1911 49 monthlv discharge 50 208 Dip Creek (2. 5. W3): discharge measurements. 1911 20S 223 ' • Discharge. ' ', Definition of Doyle's Coulee (7.22. W3): 18 223 discharge measurements, 1911 . Drainage Basins: 208 248 Antelope Lake 223 Battle Creek. . 165 248 Belly River. . 120 Bigmuddy Creek 279 248 Bigstick Lake, 2.53 Bow River 36 248 Crane Lake. 236 Frenchman River. 182 118 Hay Lake Lake Johnson 248 118 Lake of the Narrows. 230 Little Bow River 91 lis Lodge Creek, 152 Many Island Lak<^ 263 118 Milk River. , 127 Moosejaw Creek 282 118 Oldman River . 96 Pakowki Lake 149 lis Red Deer River 31 Rocky Creek. . 277 118 Ross Creek , 269 Qu'Appelle River 279 US St. Mary River - 122 Saee Creek 151 118 Saskatchewan River N'orth , , 20 Saskatchewan River South 29 Seven Persons River 275 Souris River 2.S9 20S Swift Current Creek. 209 Waterton River 119 119 Dnir\-'s Ranche, G. Station: (See Davis Creek.) Dunmore Gauging Station: 116 117 117 (See Bullshead Creek.) 114 E. 114 115 116 East End Gauging Station; (See Frenchman River. Enriglit & Strong's 113 Ditch). 113 Eastern Cypress Hills Di.^t 12 114 Elbow River at Calgary, .^Ita. (24. 1. W.5): discharge measurements. 1911 . . . 63 1 daily gauge height and discharge. 1911. ' 64 24 monthly discharge, 1911 65 299 Elbow River: 191 192 discharge measurements. 1911. . Elton's Ditch: discharge measurements. 1911 Elton's Ranche Gauging Station: (See Todd Creek.) Enright & Strong's Ditch (6. 22. W3): decsription discharge measurements. 1911 daily gauge height and discharse. 1911 monthly discharge. 1911 Equivalents. Convenient. . . 90 lis 202 203 203 204 19 306 INDEX Page. Kainvell Creek at Bewlays Ranche (6. 24. W3) : description 195 discharge measurements, 1911 195 daily gauge height and discharge. 1911 . . 196 monthly discharge. 1911 197 Fauquier's Ranche Gauging Station (See Hay Creek): Fearon-Moorhead Bridge Creek Ditch near Skull Creek, Sask. description 226 Fearon & Moorhead Main Ditch near Skull CreekClO. 22. W3): description 233 discharge measurements. 1911 233 Fearon & Moorhead Skull Creek Ditch, near Skull Creek. Sask. (10. 22. \V3): description 232 discharge measurements. 1911 233 Fidler Brothers' Ditch at Boundary Creek, Alta. (1. 26. \V.4): description 123 Findlay & McDougall Ditch near High River, Alta. (IS. 29. W3): discharge measurements, 1911 80 Fish Creek near Priddis. .\lta. (22. 3. \V5): discharge measurements, 1911 70 daily gauge height and discharge, 1911 . . 70 monthly discharge. 1911 71 Fish Creek X. Branch (22. 3. \V5) : discharge measurements. 191 1 90 Fish Creek S. Branch (22. 3. W5) : discharge measurements,* 1911 90 Fortier's Spring (7. 1- W5); discharge measurements, 1911 118 Fortier's Spring East (7. 1. W5) : discharge measurements, 1911 118 Fortier's Spring West (7. 1. Woi: discharge measurements. 1911 118 Fourmile Coulee (8. 29. W3): discharge measurements. 1911 182 Frank Gauging Station: (See Crowsnest River.) Frenchman River Drainage Basin: description 182 Frenchman River N. Branch at Cross' Ranche (7. 22. W3): description 200 discharge measurements, 1911 200 daily gauge height and discharge. 1911 . . 201 monthly discharge. 1911 202 Frenchman River (1. 10. W3) : discharge measurements. 1911 208 Frenchman River at Enright & Strong's Ranche: description 204 discharge measurements. 1911 204 daily gauge height and discharge, 1911 . . 205 monthly discharge, 1911 206 Frenchman River at Huff's Ranche (5. 14. W3) : description 207 discharge measurements, 1911 208 French River N. Branch (8. 22. \V3) : discharge measurements, 191 1 208 Future Work 17 Gaff's Ditch near Tenmile Police Detachment (5. 29. W3): description discharge measurements. 191 1 Gaff's Ditch (Marshall Ranch); discharge measurements, 1911 Gap Creek at Small's Ranche, Sask. (10. 27. W3): description discharge measurements. 1911 daily gauge heigh and discharge, 1911.. . monthly discharge, 1911 Gap Creek near Maple Creek. Sask. (11. 26, W3) : description discharge measurements, 1911 daily gauge height and discharge. 1911. . monthly discharge, 1911 Garissere's Ranche Gauging Station: (See Blacktail Coulee & Belanger Creek.) 175 175 256 257 257 258 261 261 262 262 2 GEOKGIi: v.. A. 1912 - . „ . Page. Gauging Stations: description 23 Ghost River at Gillies' Ranche. AIw. (26. 6. W5) : description 56 discharge measurements. 191 1 56 daily gauge height and discharge. 1911 . . .57 monthly discharge. 191 1 57 Gilchrist Bros. Ditch near Kelvinhurst (5. 29. W3) : description 173 Gillies' Ranche Gauging Station: (See Ghost River.) Glennie Creek (10. 24. W3): discharge measurements. 1911 248 Gold Creek (7. 3. W5) : discharge measurements, 191 1 iig Graham Creek (4. 27. Wl): discliarge measurements. 1911 293 Grand Valley (26. 5. Wo): discharge measurements, 191 1 90 Grayburn Creek (8. 1. W4): discharge measurements. 191 1 1H2 Grosventre Creek at Tothill's Farm. Alta. (27. 9. W4): description 270 discharge measurements. 1911 270 daily gauge height and discharge. 1911 . . 271 H. Half-Breed Creek (2. 10. 4.): discharge measurements, 1911 148 Hammond's Ranche Gauging Station: (See Middle Creek.) Hart's Ranche Gauging Station: (See Lodge Creek and Mudd^■pound Creek.) Hay Creek at Fauquier's Ranche, Sask. (10. 25. 3.) description 250 discharge measurements, 191 1 251 daily gauge height and discharge, 1911. . 251 monthly discharge. 1911 252 Hay Creek at Hay Creek School. Sask. (10. 25. W3): description 248 discharge measurements, 1911 248 daily gauge height and discharge, 1911. . 249 monthly discharge. 1911 250 Hay Creek. Branch of (10. 25. W3): discharge measurements, 1911 253 Hay Lake Drainage Basin: general description 248 Hay Meadow Creek (4. 30. W2): discharge measurements. 1911 279 Hewitt's Ranche Gauging Station: (See Lonepine Creek.) High River Gauging Station; (See Little Bow Ditch. 1 Highwood River (18. 2. \\o)\ discharge measurements. 1911 90 Highwood River near Aldersyde, Alta. (20. 2S. W4): description 86 discharge measurements, 1911 86 daily gauge height and discharge in feet, 1911 86 Highwood River at High River, Alta (19. 28. W4): discharge measurements. 1911 83 daily gauge height and discharge. 1911. . 84 monthly discharge, 1911 85 Hooper & Huckvale's Ranche Gauging Station: (See Mannyberries Creek): Horse Creek: discharge measurements. 191 1 90 Huff's Ranche Gauging Station: (See Frenchman River) : Innisfail Gauging Station: (See Red Deer River): Interpolation: Stout method Bolster method ' 25 INDEX 307 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Integration Method: determining mean velocity. Introduction Irvine Gauging Station: (See Ross Creek.) Jones Coulee at Read's Ranche. Sask. (8.20.W3): description discharge measurements. 1911 daily gauge height and discharge. 1911. . monthly discharge. 191 1 Jumping Pound Creek, near Jumping Pound. Alta. (24. 4. Wo): description discharge measurements. 191 1 daily gauge height and discharge. 1911. . monthly discharge. 191 1 Page. 312 212 213 213 57 oS 58 59 Page. monthly discharge. 1911 155 Lodge Creek at Willow Creek Police Detach- ment (1. 29. W3): description 162 discharge measurements. 1911 163 daily gauge height and discharge. 1911. . 163 monthly discharge. 191 1 164 Lonepine Creek at Hewitt's Ranche: description 187 discharge measurements. 1911 188 daily gauge height and discharge, 1911. . 188 monthly discharge. 1911 189 Long Creek near Estevan. Sask. (2. 8. W2): description 289 discharge measurements, 1911 289 mean dailv gauge height in feet. 1911. . . 290 Lost River (1. 4. W4): discharge measurements. 1911 148 Low Velocity Limitation 23 Lyon Creek (7.4. Wo): discharge measurements 1 IS Kananaskis River near Kananaskis (24. S. Wo) : description 51 discharge measurements. 191 1 51 daily gauge height and discharge. 1911. . 52 monthlv discharge. 1911 52 Kaposvar Creek il9. 14. W2): discharge measurements. 1911 2S2 Kelvinhurst Gauging Station: (See Gilchrist Bros.' Ditch. Richardson's Ditch and McKinnon's Ditch). Kennedy Creek (1. 5. W4): discharge measurements. 1911 I4S Ketchum Creek (4. 6. W4):. . discharge measurements. 1911 1.51 Kidney Springs (Banff): Discharge measurements. 1911 91 Kimball Gauging Station, .-Uta.: (See St. Mar\- River.) Knight's Ranche Gauging Station: (See Milk River. X. Br.) Lake Johnston Drainage Basin: general description 276 Lake of the Narrows Drainage Basin: general description 230 Lee Creek at Cardston. Alta. (3. 25. 4.) : 126 Lethbridge Gauging Station. Alta.: (See Belly River). Lewis* Ranche Gauging Station: (See Bone Creek.) Lindner's Ditch near Battle Creek (6. 29. W3): description 169 discharge measurements. 1911 169 daily gauge height and discharge. 1911. . 170 monthlv discharge. 1911 170 Lineham Spillway (19. 28. W4): discharge measurements, 1911 90 Little Bow Ditch at High River. Alta. (19. 28. W4): description SO discharge measurements. 1911 81 daily gauge height and discharge. 1911 . . 81 monthly discharge. 191 1 S2 Little Bow River Drainage Basin: general description 91 Lodge Creek (2. 29. W3): discharge measurements. 1911 165 Lodge Creek Drainage Basin: general description .... 152 Lodge Creek E. Branch at English s Ranche (7. 3. W4): description 152 discharge measurements. 1911 153 mean gauge height in feet. 1911. . . . 153 Lodge Creek E. Branch (6. 3. W4): discharge measurements. 1911 165 Lodge Creek at Hart's Ranche (6. 3. W4): description I54 discharge measurements. 1911 -. 154 daily gauge height and discharge. 1911. . 154 Mackay Creek at Walsh, Alta. (11. 1. W4): description discharge measurements. 191 1 daily gauge height and discharge. 1911, . monthly discharge. 191 1 Mackav Creek. East Branch, at Grant's Ranche. Alta. (10. 1. W4): description discharge measurements. 1911 mean daily gauge height in feet. 1911 . . . Mackay Creek. West Branch, at Schneider's Ranche. Alta. (10. 2. W4): description Mackie's Ranche Gauging Station: (See Milk River. South Branch). Madeod District: summary- of work Mami Creek near Mountain View, Alta. (2. 27. W4): description Many Island Lake Drainage Basin: general description Manyberries Creek. South Branch (5. 6. W4): discharge measurements. 1911 Manvberries Creek at Hooper & Huckvale's Ranche (5. 6. W4): description discharge measurements. 1911 daily gauge height and discharge, 1911 . . monthlv discharge. 1911 Maple Creek at Maple Creek. Sask. (11. 16. W3): description discharge measurements. 1911 daily gauge height and discharge, 1911. . monthly discharge. 1911 Maple Creek near Maple Creek, Sask. (11. 16. W3): description discharge measuremts. 1911 Marshall's Ditch near Tenmile Police Detach- ment (5. 29. W3): description discharge measurements, 1911 McDonald Creek (9. 8. W3) : discharge measurements. 1911 McEachran Creek (1. 7. W3): discharge measurements, 191 1 McGillivar>- Creek (8. 4. W5): discharge measurements. 1911 McKay Creek (9. 1. W4): discharge measurements. 1911 McKay Creek (13. 1. 4.): discharge measurements. 1911 McKay Creek. E. Br. (8. 1. W4) discharge measurements. 1911 McKay Creek. West Branch (8. 2. W4): discharge measurements. 1911 McKinnon's ditch near Kelvinhurst (4. 26. W3): description discharge measurements. 1911 McShane Creek at Small's Ranche, Sask. (10. 27. W3): description discharge measurements. 191 1 264 265 265 266 263 263 264 121 263 151 149 149 150 150 253 253 254 256 256 175 175 277 278 lis 269 269 269 269 178 178 258 259 308 INDEX Page. daily Rauge heiglit and discharge. 1911 . . 2o!) monthly discharge. 1911 2&.) Mean \*elocity. Methods of Determining .... 22 Middle Spring: dischari^e mcasiiremenis. 1911 91 Middle Creek i4. 29. 3.): discharge measurements, 1911 10.') Middle Creek (f.. 2. 4.): discharge measurements. 1911 Uio Middle Creek. East Branch (6. 2. 4 i discharge measurements. 1911 165 Middle Creek at Hammond's Ranche description KM) discharge measurements. 191 1 101 daily gauge height and discharge, 1911. . 101 monthly discharge. 191 1 102 Middle Creek at McKinnon's Ranche: description 155 discharge measurements. 191 1 150 daily gauge height and discharge, 1911 . 150 monthly discharge. 1911 157 Middle Creek at Ross" Ranche: description 158 discharge measurements, 1911 15S daily gauge height and discharge. 1911 159 monthly discharge. 1911 10(1 Milk River District: summary of work 11 Milk River Drainage Basin: general description 127 Milk River. North Branch, near Peter's Ranche. .\Ua. (1. 23. \V4h discharge measurements, 1911 127 Milk River. North Branch, at Knight's Ranche. Alta. {2. 20. W4*: discharge measurements. 1911..... 128 Milk River. North Branch, near Mackie's Ranche (2. S. W4): description 128 discharge measurements. 1911 . 128 Milk River. South Branch, at Mackie's Ranche. Aha. U- 18. \V4): description 128 discharge measurements. 1911 129 daily gauge height and discharge. 1911 . . 129 monthlv discharge, 1911 130 Milk River at Milk River. Alta. (2. 16. \V4^: description 131 discharge measurements. 191 1 131 dailv gauge height and discharge. 1911. . 132 monthly discharge. 191 1 133 Milk River at Writing-on-Stone Police De- tachment. Alta. (1. 13. \V4i: description 134 discharge measurements. 1911 134 daily gauge height and discharge, 1911 , . 135 monthly discharge. 1911 136 Milk River at Pendant d'Oreille Police De- tachment. Alta. (2. 8. W4): description 137 discharge measurements, 1911 137 daily gauge height and discharge, 1911. . 138 monthly discharge. 1911 138 Milk River at Spencer's Lower Ranche. Alta. (1. 5. \V4): description 140 discharge measurements. 1911 140 daily gauge height and discharge. 1911 . . 140 monthly discharge. 1911 141 conditions of runoff watershed 142 Milk River near Mountain Mill (0. 1. \V5) : description 107 discharge measurements. 1911 108 mean dail%' gauge height in feet. 1911 . . . 108 Mineral Water Springs: temperature of springs. 1911 , . 91 Miner's Coulee (2. 11. \V4): discharge measurements, 1911 , 148 Mink Creek: discharge measurements, 191 1 182 Mitchell Creek (6. 2. W4): discharge measurements. 1911 165 Monthly Mean: computations of 25 Moorhead Ditch on Piapot Creek. Sask. (10. 22. \V3): description 244 discharge measurements. 1911 245 daily gauge height and discharge, 1911. . 245 monthly discharge. 1911 244 Moosejaw Creek Drainage Basin: general description 282 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 Page. Moosejaw Creek, near Lang. Sask. (11. 19. \V2): description 'js'.i discharge measurements. ^ -jfs'.i daily gauge height and discharge. 1911 . . 283 monthly discharge. 1911 284 Moosejaw Creek at Br>'cc's Farm. Sask. {15. 25. \V2): description 284 discharge measurements. 1911 284 dally gauge height and discharge, 1911 . . 285 monthly discharge. 1911 286 Moosejaw Creek at McCarthy's Farm. Sask. (10. 20. \V2): description 286 discharge measurements. 1911. 287 daily gauge height and discharge, 1911 . 287 monthly discharge. 191 1 288 Moosejaw Creek (16. 20. \V2): discharge measurements, 1911 289 Moosejaw District (16. 20. \V2): sumniar>- of work 14 Moose Mountain Creek (3. 2. \V21: discharge measurements. 1911. 293 Morley Gauging Station; (See Bow River). Morrison Bros. Ditch (6. 21. W3): description 207 discharge measurements. 1911 207 Mosquito Creek (10. 1. \V5): discharge measurements. 1911 95 Mosquito Creek {11. 10. W3): discharge measurements. 1911. 277 Mosquito Creek near Nanton. Alta. (10. 2S. \V4): description 91 discharge measurements. 1911 92 daily gauge height and discharge. 1911 . 92 monthly discharge. 1911 93 Mountain Mill Gauging Station: (See Canyon Creek; Mill Creek.) Mountain View Gauging Station: (See Maml Creek) : Muddvpound Creek at Hart's Ranche (11. 28. \V4): discharge measurements. 1911 99 daily gauge height and discharge. 1911 \00 monthlv discharge. 1911 101 Mule Creek at Erwin's Ranche (5. 1. W3) : description 207 discharge measurements. 1911 207 N. Namaka Gauging Station: (See Bow River). Nanton Gauging Station: (See Mosquito Creek; Nanton Creek.) Nanton Creek near Nanton. Alta. {10. 28. \V4): description 93 discharge measurements. 1911 94 daily gauge height and discharge, 1911. . 94 monthly discharge. 191 1 95 Nash's Ranche Gauging Station: (See Battle Creek). Needham Bros". Ditch, near Piapot. Sask. (11. 23. W3): description 242 Nez Perc(^ Creek (8. 4. W.i) : discharge measurements, 1911 118 Nine Mile Coulee (7. 30. \V3) : discharge measurements, 1911 182 Nose Creek, near Calgary. Alta (24. 1. Wo) description - (>6 discharge measurements, 191 1 66 daily gauge height and discharge. 1911. . 66 monthly discharge. 1911 67 Notukeu Creek: discharge measurements. 1911 277 Office Work 17 Okotoks Gauging Station: (See Sheep River.) Oldman River Drainage Basin: General description 96 IXDEX 309 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Oldman River, near MacLeod, .^ta. (9. 26. W4): description discharge measurements. 1911 mean daily gauge height in feet. 1911 • Oldman River, near Cowley (7. 1. W'o) ; description discharge measurements. 191 1 Organization and Scope of Work ■ ■ - Oxarart Creek at Wylies Ranche (6. 27. W3): description discharge measurements. 1911 daily gauge height and discharge. 1911 . monthly discharge. 1911 Page. 103 104 104 110 110 1S3 l.*4 1S4 1,S5 Page. discharge measurements, 1911 2S0 mean daily gauge height in feet. 1911 .. . 2S1 Qu'.^ppelle River at Katepwe. Sask. (19.12.\V2): description -- ^ discharge measurements. 1911... 281 mean dailv gauge height in feet. 1911 . 282 QuWppelle at Lumsden 119. 21. \V2): description 2S0 discharge measurements, 1911 280 Pakowki Lake Drainage Basin: general description Pekisko Creek at Pekisko. Alta. (17. 3. Wo): description discharge measurements. 1911 daily gauge height and discharge. 1911. . Pendant d'Oreille Gauging Station: (See Milk River.) Peter's Ranche Gauging Station; (See Milk River.) Piapot Creek at Cumberland's Ranche, Sask. (11. 24. W3): description discharge measurements. 1911 daily gauge height and discharge. 1911. monthly discharge. 1911 Piapot Creek (10. 24. W3) : discharge measurements. 1911 Piapot Creek Gauging Stations: (See Needham Bros.' Ditch; Braniff Ditch; Beveridge East Ditch: Bever- idge West Ditch, and Moorhead Ditch.) Pierce Creek (10. 24. W3): discharge measurements. 1911 Pincher Creek at Pincher Creek: description discharge measurements. 191 1 mean dailv gauge height and discharge. 1911 Pinto Creek (S. 6. W3): discharge measurements. 1911 Pipestone River near Laggan. Alta. : description discharge measurements. 191 1 daily gauge height and discharge, 1911. . monthly discharge , Police Creek (1. 9. W3): discharge measurements. 1911 Police Creek (1. 13. W4): discharge measurements. 1911 Pollock Ditch East at South Fork. Sask. (22. 7. W3): description discharge measurements. 1911 Pollock Ditch West at South Fork, Sask. description Pollock's Ranche Gauging Station: (See Swift Current Creek. i Poplar River Drainage Basin: general description Poplar River: discharge measurements. 1911 Poplar River. East Branch: discharge measurements. 1911 Poplar River. West Branch: discharge measurements, 1911 Priddis Gauging Station: (See Fish Creek.) Pritchard Coulee (1. 11. W4): discharge measurements. 1911 Q. Qu'.-\ppelle River Drainage Basin: general description Qu'.\ppelle River (19. '24. 2): discharge measurements. 1911 Qu'.Appelle River at Fort Qu'.Xppelle. Sask. (21. 13. W21: description 149 245 246 24fi 247 24S lO.i io.-> 39 40 40 41 279 14S 209 ■209 279 279 279 Rating Cur\-es and Tables: computation of Rating Station Current Meter Read Creek (6. 3. W4I: discharge measurements. 1911. Reads Ranche Gauging Station: (See Jones' Coulee.) Red Creek (1. 1.5. W4): discharge measurements. 1911 Red Deer River Drainage Basin: general description- - Red Deer Gauging Station: (See Red Deer River). Red Deer River near Innisfail, .Mta. (36. 28. W4) : description discharge measurements. 1911 Red Deer at Red Deer Alberta (38. 27. W4): descripuon discharge measurements. 1911 Red Deer River (Miscellaneous): discharge measurements. 1911 Ribstone Creek (43. 3. W4l; discharge measurements. 1911 Rice Creek (1. 6. W3): discharge measurements. 1911 Richardson's Ditch near Kelvinhurst (5. 27. W3): description discharge measurements. 1911 Robinson's Ranche Gauging Station: (See Ros= Creek.) Rocky Creek Drainage Basin: general description Rocky Creek ll. ti. W3): discharge measurements. 1911 Rocky Creek, West Branch (1. 7. W3); discharge measurements. 1911 Rolf Creek near Kimball. -^Ita. (2. 24. W4): description Rose Creek at East End (7. 22. W3): description discharge measurements, 1911 .' daily gauge height and discharge. 1911. monthly discharge. 1911 Ross Creek Drainage Basin: general description Ross Creek at Robinson's Ranche. Alta. (9. 3. \y41: description discharge measurements. 191 1 mean dailv gauge height in feet. 1911 . Ross' Creek at Irvine, --Mta. (11. 2. W4): description discharge measurements. 1911 dailv gauge height and discharge, 1911. monthly discharge. 1911 ;s' Creek (9. 3. W4): discharge measurements. 1911 IS Creek (8. 3. W4) : discharge measurements, 1911 ;s Creek (12. 3. W4): discharge measurements. 1911 Ross Ranche Gauging Stations: (See Cow Creek; Middle Creek.! Runoff. Definition of Runoff. Computation of. Runoff, per square mile: definition of Runoff, in depth, in inches: definition of Runoff Watershed of the Milk River; Study of conditions of Ros Ros; Ros: 24 16 14S 31 32 32 32 32 36 29 278 17S 178 277 278 278 126 197 198 198 199 269 209 269 270 271 271 272 273 27.5 273 18 IS 142 310 lADEX 2 GEORGE v.. A. 1912 Page. Sage Creek Drainage Basin: general description Sage Creek at Wild Horse Police Detachment (1.2. \V4): description mean daily gauge height in feet. 1911 . . . St. Mar>' River Drainage Basin: general description St. Marv' River at Kimball, Alta. (1. 25. \V4): discharge measurements, 1911 daily gauge heij;ht and discharge. 1911. . monthly discharge. 1911 St. Marv River at Whitney's Ranche, Alta. (7. 22. W4): description discharge measurements, 1911 Saskatchewan River North Drainage Basin: general description Saskatchewan River North, at Battleford (43. 16. W31: description discharge measurements, 1911 Saskatchewan River North, at Edmonton (52. 24. W4); description discharge measurements, 1911 Saskatchewan River North, at Prince Albert, Sask.: description discharge measurements, 1911 Saskatchewan River South Drainage Basin: general description Saskatchewan River South, at Medicine Hat (12.o.W4i: description discharge measurements, 1911 . Saskatchewan River South near Bow Island: discharge measurements, 1911 Saskatchewan River South, at Saskatoon (36. 5. W3): description discharge measurements, 1911 Schnieder's Ranche Gauging Station: (See Mackay Creek. West Branch.) "Second Foot." Definition of "Second Foot." per sq. mile: definition of Seven Persons Drainage Basin: general description Seven Persons River at Medicine Hat, Alta. (12. 5. W4): description discharge measurements, 1911 Sexton Creek (7. 3. W4): discharge measurements, 1911 Spring Creek (5. 2. W4) : discharge measurements. 1911 Sheep River near Okotoks, Alta. (20. 29. W4): description discharge measurements, 1911 daily gauge height and discharge, 1911, . monthly discharge. 1911 Sheep River. North Branch at Millar\'ille. Alta. (21. 3. Wo): description discharge measurements. 1911 daily gauge height in feet, 191 1 Sheep River. South Branch, near Black Dia- mond. Alta, (20. 2. W5): description discharge measurements, 191 1 daily gauge height and discharge, 1911 . . monthly discharge, 191 1 Single Point. Method: determining mean velocity Six Mile Coulee (8. 29. W3): discharge measurements, 1911 Sixmile Creek (4. 4. W3): discharge measurements, 191 1 Sixmile Coulee at Soderstron's Ranche (7. 28. W3): description discharge measurements, 191 1 daily gauge height and discharge. 1911 . . monthly discharge, 191 1 151 152 123 124 125 126 127 26 27 27 28 28 26 26 29 30 31 31 29 30 18 IS 275 275 276 165 165 75 76 76 77 71 72 72 73 73 74 22 182 277 165 166 166 167 Sixmile Coulee at Spanglers' Ranche (6. 29. W3): description discharge measurements. 1911 , . daiU gauge height and discharge, 1911. . monthly discharge, 191 1 Skull Creek at Doyle's Ranche (10. 22. \\^3^: description discharge measurements. 1911 daily gauge height and discharge. 101 1 monthly discharge. 1911 ... Skull Creek Gauging Station: (See Bridge Creek; Skull Creek. i Skull Creek near Skull Creek, Sask. (11.22. W3): description discharge measurements. 191 1 . . . daily gauge height and discharge. 1911 - monthly discharge. 1911.., , Slope. Method of Determining: discharge Small's Ranche Gauging Station: (See Gap Creek; McShane Creek): Snake Creek (10. 1. W5>: discharge measurements, 1911. . Snake Creek (3. 13. W3): discharge measurements, 191 1 . - Sorrel Horse Creek (13. 30. W4): discharge measurements, 1911 Souris River Drainage Basin: general description Souris River near Estevan (2. 8. W2): description discharge measurements. 191 1 mean daily gauge height. 191 1 Souris River near Glen Ewen, Sask. (2. 1. W2): description discharge measurements. 191 1 mean daily gauge height in feet Souris River near Melita (4. 26. Wl): description discharge measurements, 1911 mean dailv gauge height, 1911 South Antler (Treek (3. 32. WH: discharge measurements, 191 1 South Fork River near Cowley, Alta. (7. 1. VV5) description discharge measurements. 1911 mean daily gauge height in feet Spangler's Ditch near Battle Creek (7. 28. W3) : description discharge measurements, 1911 . . Spencer Creek (26. 5. W5): discharge measurements. 1911 Spray River near Banff. Alta. (25. 12. W5l: description discharge measurements. 1911 daily gauge height and discharge, 1911 . monthly discharge, 1911 Spring. A. (10. 25. W3) : discharge measurements, 1911 Spring, A. (10. 25. W3>: discharge measurements, 19! 1 Spring. A. (13. 1. W51: discharge measurements. 1911 ... , Spring. A. (13. 1. Wo): discharge measurements, 1911 Spring. A. (14. 1. W5): discharge measurements. 1911 Spring. A. (14. 1. W5): discharge measurements. 191 1 Starks & Burton Ditch near Woolchester, Aha. (11.5.W4): description Stimson Creek (17. 2. W5): discharge measurements. 191 1 Stimson Creek near Pekisko. Alta. (17. 2. VCo): description discharge measurements. 191 1 daily gauge height and discharge, 1911. . monthly discharge, 1911 Stirling's & Nash's Ditch near Kelvinhurst (3. 7. W3) : description discharge measurements. 1911 mean daily gauge height in feet. 1911 Stout Method of Interpolation Stream Flow. Methods of Measuring 1911 .. . Page. 167 168 168 230 230 231 232 233 234 234 235 19 95 208 118 2S9 290 290 291 291 291 292 ' 292 292 293 293 106 107 107 167 167 90 44 44 45 46 253 253 lis 118 118 lis 274 90 79 79 SO 17S 179 179 25 19 T \'n irv 311 jauging Station: -) V. Page. Low determining mean curve method lod id od '.'.'.'.'.'.'. letermining discharge . -ve Method of deter- v'elocity 23 22 22 22 22 on: ;ek; Maple Creek.) lage Basin: in 2jg ng Station: ; Crooked River). iterton Mills 119 •.■•.■■-■.•■■ 298 "nimng discharge 20 District: I'l.'is.Wsi: '^ ments. 1911 ■■>■;' ress. Sask. : Station: ) W4.) ments. 1911 113 cleod. .Alta.: 101 Tients, 1911 J02 and discharge. 1911 . . lO' •19"-. io5 ng Station; k). t: 297 w. ■■ ^3 nents. 1911 277 oents, 1911 077 ^: '-'" 13 lents, 1911 277 Y. lents, 1911 119 IXDEX 311 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Page. Sucker Creek at Whitecombe and Ziegler's Ranche {6. 26. W3) : description 185 discharge measurements, 1911 186 daily gauge height and discharge. 1911 . . 186 monthly discharge. 1911 187 Summit Creek (8. G. Wo): discharge measurements, 1911 IIS Swift Current Creek Drainage Basin: general description 209 Swift Current Creek at Pollock's Ranche, Sask. (17.21. W3): description 209 discliarge measurements, 1911 210 daily gauge height and discharge, 1911 . . 210 monthly discharge. 1911 211 Swift Current Creek at Sinclair's Ranche. Sask. (Upper Station) (10. 19. \V3): description 213 discharge measurements. 1911 214 daily gauge height and discharge, 1911 . . 214 monthly discharge. 1911 215 Swift Current Creek at Sinclair's Ranche. Sask. (Lower Station) (10. 19. W3): description 217 discharge measurements, 1911 218 daily gauge height and discharge. 1911 . . 218 monthly discharge. 1911 219 Swift Current Creek at Swift Current. Sask. (l.>. 13.\V3): description 219 discharge measurements. 1911 219 daily gauge height and discharge. 1910. . 220 dailv gauge height and discharge. 1911 . . 221 monthly discharge. 1910-11 222 Tables. Explanation and Use of: Taylor\'ille Gauging Station: (See Rolph Creek): Tenraile Creek at Tenmile Police Detachment (6. 29.\V3i: description 170 discharge raeasarements. 1911 171 daily gauge height and discharge. 1911 . . 171 monthly discharge. 191 1 172 Three Point Method of determining mean veIocit\' 22 Two Point Method of determining mean velocitv 22 Todd Creek at Elton's Ranche (8. 1. Wo): description 110 discharge measurements. 1911 Ill mean dailv gauge height in feet, 1911 . . . Ill Tongue Flag Creek (19. 28. W4): discharge measurements. 1911 90 Tothill's Farm Gauging Station: (See Grosventre Creek): Transmittal. Letters of 1 Trout Creek at Lockwood's Ranche: description 99 discharge measurements, 1911 99 Trout Creek at Stevenson's Farm (12.28- W4): description 90 discharge measurements. 1911 97 daily gauge height and discharge. 1911 . 97 monthly discharge, 1911 98 Page. Unsworth's Ranche Gauging Station: (See Bear Creek.) Velocity Limitations. Low \'elocity. Methods of determining mean \'ertical velocity curve method. ......... Three-point method Two-point method Integration method \'elocity. Method of determining discharge . . \'ertical \'eIocity, Cur\'e Method of deter- mining Mean Velocity Walsh Gauging Station: (See Boxelder Creek; Maple Creek.) Waterton River Drainage Basin: general dewcription Waterton Mills Gauging Station: (See Water River; Crooked River). Waterton River at Waterton Mills (2. 29. W4): description Weir Adjuster: (G. H. White) Weir Method of determining discharge Western Cypress Hills District: summarN- of work Whiskey Creek, near (11. 13. W3): discharge measurements, 1911 White Ditch near Cypress. Sask.: description Willow Creek Gauging Station: (See Lodge Creek.) Willow Creek (12. 23. W4.) discharge measurements. 1911 Willow Creek near Madeod. Alta.: description discharge measurements. 1911 daily gauge height and discharge. 1911 . monthly discharge. 1911 Wilson's Ranche Gauging Station: (See Oxarart. Creek) . Winter in BanS District: (\'. A. Newhall) Winter Measurements Wiwa Creek (12. 5. W."}):. discharge measurements. 1911 Wood Creek (4. 3. W3): discharge measurements. 1911 Wood Mountain District: (N. M. Sutherland) Wood Mountain District: Summary' of work Wood River (9. 4. W3.) discharge measurements. 1911 York Creek (7. 4. W5): discharge measurements, 1911 . 23 22 22 22 22 22 21 298 20 11 277 256 113 101 102 102 103 297 23 277 295 13 2 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 26 A. 1912 SUMMARY REPORT GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BRANCH OF THE DEPARTMENT OF MINES FOR THE CALENDAR YEAR 1911 PRINTED BY ORDER OF PARLIAMENT OTTAWA PRINTED BY C. H. PARMELEE, PRINTER TO THE KING'S MOST EXCELLENT ALiJESTY 1912 [No. 26— 1912]— A [No. 1218.J 2 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 26 A. 1912. To His Royal Ilighness the Duke of ConnaugJit and Strafheam. E.G., &e., &c., £c.. Governor General of Canada. May it Please Tour Eoyal Highness, — The undersigned has the honour to laj' before Your Royal Highness — Ln oom- pliance with 6-7 Edward Vll, chapter 29, section 18 — the Suininarj- Report of th« operations of the Geological Survey during the calendar year 1911. (Signed) ROBERT ROGERS, Minister of Minei. lu 2 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 26 A. 1912 To the Hon. Robert Rogers, M.P, Minister of Mines, Ottawa. Sib, — I have the honour to transmit, herewith, my summary report of the opera- tioois of the Geological Survey for the calendar year 1911 : which Lnicludes the reports of tbe various oflScials on the work accomplished by them. I have the honour to be. Sir, Your obedient servant, (Signed) K W. BROCK:, Director Geological Survey. 2 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 26 A. 1912 TABLE OF CONTENTS. DIRECTOR'S REPORT— Page Organization : classified list of stafi 1 Deaths: Dr. R. W. Ells, and Mr. R. L. Broadbent 2 Resignations 3 Appointments 3 Comments Difficultr of retaining capable scientists 3 On tlie araining of field geologists and topographers 3 Appointment of supervising and consulting geologists 3 Committees : Geological, Map, and Library 3 Publications 4 Field work i Geologica 1 4 Topographical 8 Progress of divisions 8 Topographical 8 Draughting 9 Photographic 10 Natural history 10 Anthropological 10 Library 11 Museum 11 International Geological Congress 12 Turtle Mountain Commission 12 On the proposed federal mining law 13 Personal work of the Director 13 Investigation of tin and topaz in New Brunswick 13 Technical tour in western Canada 15 Edmonton, Alta.: on Turtle Mountain danger 15 Prince Rupert, B.C 15 Skeena river to Hazelton, B.C 15 Portland Canal district, B.C 16 STAFF FIELD WORK. Geological — D. D. Cairnes— I. Geology of a portion of the Tukon-Ala-ika boundary, between Porcupine and Yukon rivers 17 II. Quartz mining in the Klondike district 33 R. G. McConnell— I. Observatory inlet, B.C 41 II. Salmon River district, B.C 50 III. Portland Canal district, B.C : 56 G. S. Malloch— Reconnaissance on the upper Skeena river, between Hazelton and the Groundhog coal-field, B.C 72 Charles H. Clapp— I. Geology of Xanaimo Sheet, Nanaimo coal-field, Vancouver island, B.C. 91 II. Notes on the geology of the Comox and Suquash coal-fields, Vancouver island, B.C 105 Charles Camsell — I. Fraser canyon and vicinity. B.C 108 II. Geology of a portion of Lillooet mining division. Yale district B C 111 III. Geology of Skagit valley. Yale district, B.C .'.'.'. 115 IV. Notes on the occurrence of diamonds at Tulameen, and Seottie creek, near Ashcroft, B.C ' 123 vii viii GEOLOGICAL SVRTEf 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 STAFF FIELD WORK— Continued. Page. A. M. Bateman — GeoloKj of Fraser canyon and vicinity, B.C. — Siwash Creek area 125 L. Reinecke — Beaverdell map-area, Yale district, B.C 130 C. W. Drysdale— Franklin mining camp. West Kootenay, B.C 133 O. E. LeRoy— Geology of Nelson map-area, B.C 139 S. J. Schrfield— Reconnaissance in East Kootenay 158 Reginald A. Daly — Reconnaissance of the Shuswap lakes and vicinity (south-central British Columbia) 165 John A. Allan — Geolosry of Field map-area, Yoho park, B.C 175 Charles D. Walcott— Cambrian of the Kicking Horse valley, B.C 188 W. W. Leach- Geology of Blairmore map-area. Alberta 192 U. B. Dowling— L Geology of Roche Miette map-area, Jasper park. Alberta 201 II. Notes on coal occurrences and the progress of d&velopment work in Alberta and Saskatchewan 219 Heinrich Ries — I. Report on progress of investigation of clay resources 225 II. Whiteware materials in Ontario and Quebec. Kaolin near Huberdean, Quebec 229 J. Keele— I. Notes on tests of clay samples 233 II. Report on progress of investigation of clay resources 234 Andrew C. Lawson — The Archsan rocks of Rainy lake 240 W. H. Collins- Geology of Onaping Sheet, Ontario. Portion of map-area between West Shiningtree and Onaping lakes 244 W. A. Johnston — Geology of Lake Simcoe area, Ontario, Brechin, and Kirkfield sheets 253 F. B. Taylor- Pleistocene deposits of southwestern Ontario 262 Clinton R. Staufier— The Devonian of southwestern Ontario 269 Morley E. Wilson — Kewagama Lake map-area, Pontiac and Abitibi, Quebec 273 John Stansfield — Certain mica, graphite, and apatite deposits of the Ottawa valley, and an occurrence of Eozoon Canadense 280 Robert Harvie— Geology of Orford map-area, Quebec. Southern portion of Serpentine Belt,' Boiton township 286 J. J. O'Neill— BelcEil and Rougemont mountains 293 J W. Goldthwait— Records of post-glacial changes of level in Quebec and New Brunswick 296 J. Keele— Placer gold on Meule creek. Seigniory of Rigaud-Vaudreuil, Quebec 303 G. A. Young — Geology of the Moncton map-area, Westmorland and Albert counties, N.B... 309 H. E. Kramm — Gypsum of New Brunswick 322 W. A. Bell— Joggins Carboniferous section of Nova Scotia 328 • SUMMARY REPORT ix SESSIONAL PAPER No. 26 STAFF FIELD WORK— Continued. Page. E. R. Faribault— Goldbearing series of the basin of Medway river. Nova Scotia 334 W. J. WriRht— Lahave valley and Starrs point. Nova Scotia 341 DIVISIONAL REPORTS. Bore-hole records (water, oil, etc.) — E. D. Insall 343 Palcpnntologicnl Division — Vertebrates — Lawrence M. Lambe 346 Invertebrate — Percy E. Raymond 351 Paleobotany— W. J. Wilson 358 MinernlDqicnl Division — Robert A. A. Johnston 360 Topographical Division — W. H. Boyd 365 Part I:— Blairmore map-area — W. H. Boyd 365 Alberni sheet, Vancouver island — R. H. Chapman 366 Cowichan sheet. Vancouver island — K. G. Chipman 366 Triangulation— Moncton triangulation — Columbia-Kootenay triangulation — S. C. McLean 367 Slocan map-area, B.C. — A. C. T. Sheppard 368 Moncton map-area, N.B. — W. E. Lawson 369 Part II:- p Spirit levelling near Moncton, N.B., 1911 370 Natural Eisfory Division — John Macoun 373 Zoological section — P. A. Taverner 374 Anthropological Division — Ethnology — Edtt ard Sapir 379 General report on field work — Edward Sapir 379 Huron work — C. M. Barbeau 381 Iroquois work — A. A. Goldenweiser 3gg Micmac work — C. MacMillan 3gl Micmac and Malecite work — W. H. Mechling 3gg Work among the Arctic Eskimos — V. Stefansson ggg Archieology — Harlan I. Smith 391 Draughting Division — C. Omer Senecal qqq 26-B ^^^ X GEOLOGICAL SLRTEY . : I 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 j LIBRARY— p,nE Mrs. .lane Alexander 396 PUBLICATIONS— i Memoirs, etc., issued during 1911. S. Groves 397 French translations- Marc Sauvalle 398 ACCOUXTAXT'S STATEMEXT— John Marshall 399 INDEX 401 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF ECONOMIC INTEREST. ILLUSTRATIONS. Dravrings. Fio. 1. — Vertical longitudinal section of the ore bodies of the Silver King mine 139 " 2. — Vein system on the property of the Kootenay Gold Mines, Limited 147 " 3.— Plan of a portion of the Athabasca mine 149 " 4. — Section across the Athabsusca vein 150 " 5. — Vein system of the Eureka mine 153 " 6. — Eureka mine. Stope plan 155 " 7.— Plan of underground workings of Monarach mine 183 Diagrams' Diagram 1. — Yukon and Alaska. Showing area along International Boundary geologi- cally mapped by Canadian Geological Survey during season of 1911... 17 2.— Part of Observatory inlet, B.C 41 " 3. — Diagram showing mineral deposits and workings on Alpha and adjacent mining claims. Hidden creek. Observatory inlet, B.C 47 " 4.— Diagram of Portland Canal Mining district, with portions of Salmon and Xass valleys, B.C 56 " 5. — Diagram showing the location of Groundhog coal claims 72 " 6. — Location of principal mining properties, Franklin district, B.C 137 " 7. — Index map showing position of the Nelson map-area 139 " 8. — Geological and structural relations of two formations of the Purcell series, near Moyie, B.C 161 " 9.— Diagram of West Shiningtree area. Sudbury district, Ont., 1911 247 Maps. So. 1219.— Xanaimo Coal area. Map No. o4 .K 91 •• 1222.- Skagit valley, B.C., Map No. 56 A 115 2 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 26 A. 1912 SUMMARY REPORT OF THE GEOLOGICAL SUEVEY BRANCH OF THE DEPARTMENT OF MINES FOR THE CALEJ^DAR YEAR 1911. To the Hon. Robert Rogers, M.P., Minister of Mines. Sir, — I have the honour to submit herewith, a summary report on the operations of the Geological Survey for the calendar year 1911. The present organization of the Survey is as under: — Director. Administrative and General: — CoiTespondence — Secretary, 3 stenographers. Distribution — Chief, publication clerk, correspondence clerk. Stationery — 1 clerk. Instruments — 1 custodian. Cabinetmaker — 1. Messengers, etc. — 1 mail clerk, 4 messengers. Geological Division: — Palaeontology — 1 vertebrate palaeontologist, 1 invertebrate paleontologist. Geology — 11 geologists, 9 assistant geologists, 1 compiler. Mineralogy— 1 mineralogist and curator, 1 assistant curator, 1 collector and distributer, 1 stenographer. Topographical Division: — Chief topographer, 3 assistant topographers, 1 model-maker, 1 triangulator and computer. Draughting Division: — Geographer and chief draughtsman, 13 draughtsmen, 1 clerk. 26—1 •A GEOLOGICAL SillVEY 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912 Photortraphic Division: — Photographer in charge, 1 assistant. Natural History Division: — 1 botanist and naturalist, 1 assistant lotanist and naturali-t, 1 assistant naturalist and custodian, 1 preparator and taxidermist, 1 taxidermist, 1 stenographer. Anthropological Division : — 1 ethnologist, 1 assistant ethnologist, 1 archajologist, 1 stenographer. Lihrary : — 1 librarian, 2 assistants. In flie geological and anthropological division, officers were commissioned in addition to those of the regular staff, to take charge of field parties. Such officers are usually obtained from the staffs of technical universities. Field and student assistants were temporarily engaged for field work in the divisions of geology, topography, and natural history. During the j-ear the Survey lost through death the services of Dr. R. W. Ells and Mr. R. L. Broadbent. Dr. H. M. Ami was granted superannuation on account of ill-health, and Messrs. J. A. Dresser, F. H. MacLaren, and Hugh Matheson resigned. Appointments to the staff were made as under: — Dr. Charles D. Walcott, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, and formerly Director of the United States Geological Survey, accepted the honorary position of Collaborator in Geology with special reference to the Cambrian. Dr. H. I. Smith was appointed archaeologist; C. M. Barbeau, assistant ethnolo- gist; Robert Ilarvie, S. J. Schofield, and L. Reinecke, assistant geologists; W. E. Lawson, A. C. T. Sheppard, and K. G. Chipman, assistant topographers; S. C. McLean, triangulator and computer; S. N. Graham, assistant curator mineralogy and geology; P. A. Taverner, assistant naturalist and curator; G. D. Barrowman, custodian of instruments; Geo. P. Clarke, photographer; Alice B. Wilson, assistant in palseontology ; A. F. Clarke, and Adam McGregor, draughtsmen; and Eilleen Bleakney, stenographer. The death of Dr. R. W. Ells deprived the Survey of one of its oldest and most highly respected members. He entered the Survey in 1872 and was in active service up to the time of his death. The greater part of his work was in the Maritime Prov- inces, Quebec, and eastern Ontario, but he also carried on investigations in the northwest and in British Columbia. The results of his extended labours in these fields are to be found in the voluminous reports and maps that have appeared under bis name. To Mr. R. L. Broadbent were due more, perhaps, than.^ to any one else, the fine mineralogical exhibits for the Museum. His untimely death, at the moment the col- lections were to be installed in the new Museum, has been a blow which will long affect the work of the Museum. SUMMARY REPORT 3 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 26 The resignation of Mr. Dresser emphasizes the urgency pointed out in recent summary reports, for securing more rapid promotion and higher salaries for the scientific staff, especially the field ofiicials. The loss of an experienced officer is irre- parable; for he has in his work, secured a mass of detailed information concerning the districts in which he has been engaged that can never be embodied in a report, but that is of constant value to the Department and the public in answering inquiries concerning particular areas or special problems. When such an official leaves the service this fund of information is lost to the Department and to the public. As a partial offset to such losses the Survey now has a corps of well-trained young geologists and topographers to draw upon. Four years ago when the Survey was able to announce that it had been removed entirely from politics and outside influences, and that appointments and promotions would hereafter be based strictly on merit, the most promising students in the colleges began to train for positions on the staff. By restricting the appointments as student assistants on field parties to students of at least two years standing in approved universities or technical colleges, who were studying for the professions of geology, mining, or topography, the Survey has been enabled to try out each year about sLxty prospective technical men especially selected by their respective professors. The more promising of these are encouraged to pro- ceed with their training, the geologists to take doctorate degrees in geology in post graduate universities, the top