Cd,a, V SESSIONAL PAPEES VOLUME (! SECOND SESSION OF THE NINTH PARLIAMENT fiP 'IHE DOMINION OF CANADA SESSION 1902 :f:SS^ 6S ^H /" ^^ VOLUME XXXVI 2 Edw. VII. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1902 esrSee also Numerical List, page 3. ALPHABETICAL IN13EX OF THE SESSIONAL PAPERS OF THE PARLIAMENT OF CANADA SECOND SESSION, NINTH PARLIAMENT, 1902. Adulteration of Food Agricultural Implements ... Agriculture, Annual Report . . . . Alien Labour Law American Bank Note Co. ... Archives, Canadian Auditor General, Annual Report Banks, Chartered Belleville Post Ottice . . . Biology, Canadian Bonds and Securities British Canadian Loan and Investment Co. British Columbia Acts 14 72 1.5 60 49 18 1 G 59 22a 44 55 67 Canadian Contingents to South Africa. Canadian Pacific Railway : Appeal to Privy Council Bvjsiness with Interior Department . Increase of Capital Stock Lands sold by Cattle, Canadian Central Experimental Farm Chartered Banks Chinese Immigration Civil Service : Appointments and Promotions Examiners . Insurance ^. . List Superannuations Clinton, David Coal Mining in British Columbia Cold Storage on Steamships Commutations of Sentences Coronation of the King Contracts, Railways and Canals ... . Criminal Statistics . 1 63, 96 80 70a 48 70 42 56 6 54 47 31 41 30 38 59c 89 101 93 64 61 17 I> Devlin, C. R 58 Disallowance of British Columbia Acts. .. 67 Dividends unpaid in Banks 7 Dominion Lands 7.5, 75a Dominion Police 52 E Estimates 3 to oe Ewing, Treadgold & Barwick . 81, 81a Exchequer Court 45, 45(t Experimental Farms l(j F Farmer's Farm ,56 Farm Land Values 02 Fisheries, Annual Report 22 Fishery Regulations 22;> Fishing Bounties (jg a Geographic Board 21a Geological Survey Report 26 Glasgow Exhibition §7 Governor General's Warrants 37 H Hamilton and Guelph Mail . 59^. Harbour Commissioners 23 I Immigration .... (jj^ Indian Act g2 Indian Affairs, Annual Report 27 Inland Revenue, Annual Report 12 Insurance, Abstract 9 Insurance, Annual Report g Intercolonial Railway JOO Intercolonial Trade 77 Interior, Annual Report 25 Interior Department Officials 78 2 Edw. VII. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1902 Japanese Immigration . . •Justice, Annual Keport. Labour, Department of, Annual Report Lake Simcoe Langelier, Hon. F Librarj' of Parliament, Annual Report. List of Shipping 54 34 36 79 1)4 33 21h M MacKenzie & ^lann 98 Mail, Hamilton and Guelph 596 Manitoba Public Lands 83, 83(« Marconi's Wireless Telegraph Co. . . . Marine, Annual Report Marine Biological Station Militia and Defence, Annual Report. Monument to General Montgomery . . N New Brunswick Railwajs. . North-west Irrigation Act North-west Mounted Police. O Ontario Subsidies . Ottawa Improvement Conniiission. Over-rulings of Treasury Board Oyster-Fishing Licenses 51, ola 21 22a 35 91 74 76 28 92 39 43 99 Pan-American E.xhibition 86 Paper Manufacturers' Combine 53 Paris Exhibition . .57, 57a 52 28 24 226 102 2 32 19 Police, Dominion ■ Police, North-west Mounted Postmaster General, Annual Report. Predaceous Fish Preferential Trade Public Accounts, Annual Report Public Printing and Stationery Public Works, Annual Report Quebec Shoe Workers' Union , R Railway Commissions, &c Railways and Canals, Annual Report. Railways and Canals Contracts 90 20« 20 61 R Restigouche Indians 85 Rossland Miners' Union 90« Roy, Adrien 80 Roj-al Commission, Chinese and Japanese.. 54 Royal Commission re Paper Combine 53 S Seeretarj- uf State, Annual Report 29 Seine Licenses in British Columbia 95 Shareholdei-s in Chartered Banks C Shipping, List of 216 Simcoe, Lake 79 Soulanges Canal 71 South African Constabulary, &c 63, 96 Steamship Subsidies 97 St. Vincent de Paul Penitentiary .... 84, 84a Sugar Imports 73 T Taylor, Colonel. Report of 89 Therien, H b'M Thomas, Alphonse . . 59f Timber Limits 88 Trade and Commerce, Annual Report ... 10 Trade and Navigation, Annual Report. ... 11 Trade Unions 50 Treasury Board Over-rulings 43 Trout Hatching 226 U Unclaimed Balances in Banks 7 Unforeseen Expenses 40 V Vegetables from United States 66, 66rt Violations of Alien Labour Law GO \V Warrants, (rovernor (xeneral's 37 Weights, Measures &c 13 Winnipeg Post Office o'M Wireless Telegraph 51, 51n Wurtele, Hon. Mr 94 Y Yukon : Concessions and Leases 65 Ewing, Ti-eadgold & Barwick 81, 8b' Ordinances passed by Council 46 Timber Licenses . . i<\l> 2 Edw. VII. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1902 See also Alphabetical Index, page 1. LIST OF SESSIONAL PAPERS Arranged in Numerical Orde)\ with their titles at full length ; the Dates when Ordered and when presented to the Houses of Parliament ; the Name of the Member who moved for each Sessional Paper, and whether it is ordered to be Printed or Not Printed. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 1. (This volume is bound in two parts. ) 1. Report of the Auditor General for the'fiscal year ended 30th June, 1901. Presented 18th February, 1902, by Hon. W. S. Fielding Printed for both distribution and sessional XMpcrs. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 2. 2. Public Accounts of Canada, for the fiscal year ended 30th June, 1901. Presented 17th February, 1902. by Hon. W. S. Fielding Printed for both distribution and sessional j)apers. 3. Estimates of sums required for the services of Canada, for the year ending on the 30th June, 1903, Presented 17th February, 1902, by Hon. W. S. Fielding. Printed for both distribution and sessional jMxiers. 4. Supplementary Estimates for the year ending 30th June, 1902. Presented 6th March, 1902, by Hon, W. S. Fielding Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 5. Further Supplementary Estimates for the year ending 30th .June, 1902. Presented 30th April, 1902. by Hon. W. S. Fielding , .Printed for both distribution and sessional piapers. 5a. Supplementary Estimates for the year ending 30th June, 1903. Presented 7th May, 1902, by Hon. W. S. Fielding Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 5b. Further Supplementary Estimates for the year ending 30th June, 1902. Presented 7th May, 1902, by Hon. W. S. Fielding Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 5c. Further Supplementary Estimates for the year ending 30th June, 1902. Presented 14th May, 1902, by Hon. W. S. Fielding Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 6. List of Shareholders in the Chartered Banks of Canada, as on tiie 31st December, 1901. Presented 21st April, 1902, by Hon. W. S. Fielding Printed for both distribution and sessional jxipers. 7. Report of dividends remaining unpaid, unclaimed balances and unpaid drafts and bills of exchange in Chartered Banks of Canada, for five years and upwards, prior to December, 1901. Presented 9th May, 1902, by Hon. W. S. Fielding . . .Printed for both distribution and sessional jjapers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 3. 8. Report of the Superintendent of Insurance, for the year ended 31st December, 1901. Printed for both distribution and sessional ixipers. 9. Abstract of Statements of Insurance Companies in Canada, for the year ended 31 st December, 1901. Presented 26th March, 1902, by Hon. W. S. Fielding. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. n 3 2 Kdw. VII. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1902 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 4. 10. Report of the Department of Trade and Commerce, for the fiscal year ended 30th June, 1901. Pre- sented 18th February, 1902, by Sir Richard Cartwright. P rinted for both distribution and sessional papers . CONTENTS OF VOLUME 5. 11. Tables of the Trade and Navigation of Canada, for the fiscal year ended 30th June, 1901. Presented 18th February, 1902, by Hon. W. Paterson. . . Printed for loth distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 6. 12. Inland Revenues of Canada. Excise, etc., for the fiscal year ended 30th June, 1901. Presented 27tb February, 1902, by Hon. W. S. Fielding Printed for both distribution and scssioned papers. 13. Inspection of Weights, Measures, Gas and Electric Light, for the fiscal year ended 30th Jime, 1901. Presented 27th February, 1902, by Hon. W. S. Fielding. Printed for both distribution anel sessional papers. 14. Report on Adulteration of Food, for the fiscal year ended .30th June, 1901. Presented 17th Febiiiary, 1902, by Hon. W. S. Fielding Printed for both distribution and scssioned papers. 15. Report of the Minister of Agriculture, for the year ended 31st October, 1901. Presented 21st Febru- ary, 1902, by Hon. S. A. Fisher Printed for both distrihtitiem and sessional papers. 16. Report of the Directors and Officers of the Experimental Farms, for the year 1901. Presented 8th April, 1902, by Hon. S. A. Fisher. . Printed for both elistribution a'nd sessioneil peipers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 7. 17. Criminal Statistics for the year 1901 Printed for both distribution and sessional peipers. 18. Report on Canadian Archives, 1901. Presented 23rd April, 1902, by Hon. S. A. Fisher. Printeel for both distribution and sessioned peipcrs. 19. Report of the Minister of Public Works, for the fiscal year ended 30th June, 1901. Presented 17th February, 1902, by Hon. J. I. Tarte Printeel for both distribution and scssioned peipers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 8. 20. Annual Report of the Department of Railvvaj's and Canals, for the fiscal year ended 30th June, 1901 . Presented 19th February, 1902, by Hon. A. G. li\a,ir. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 20«. Reports upon Railway Commissions, Railway Rate Grievances, and Regulative Legislation. Printed for both elistribution and sessional pjeipcrs. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 9. 21. Report of the Dei)artment of Marine and Fi.sheries (Marine), for the fiscal year ended 30th June, 1901. Presented 19th February, 1902, by Hon. J. Sutherland. Printed for both elistribution and sessional peipcrs. 21a, Third Annual Report of the Geographic Board of Canada. 1901. Printeel for both elistribution and sessioned peipers. 2\b, List of Shipping issued by the Department of Marine and Fislieries, being a List of Vessels on the registry books of Canada, on the 31st December, 1901. Printeel for both distribution eind sessional peipers. 22. Report of the Department of Marine and Fisheries (Fisheries), for the fiscal year ended 30th June. 1901. Presented 26th February, 1902, by Hon. J. Sutherland. Printed for both distribution and sessional peipers. 22o. Contributions to Canadian Biology, being studies from the Marine Biological Station of Canada, 1901. Printed for both distribution and sessional peipers. 2 Edw. VII. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1902 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 9— Continued. 22b. Special Reports on the Hatching and Planting of Trout ; the Propagation and Planting of Predaceous Fish, and the Aim and Basis of Fishery Regulations. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 23. Report of the Harbour Coinniissioners, etc., 1901 Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 10. 2i. Report of the Postmaster General, for the year ended 30th .June, 1901. Presented 17th February, 1902, by Hon. W. Mulock Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. *25. Annual Report of the Department of the Interior, for the fiscal year ended 30th June, 1901. Presented 20th February, 1902, by Hon. C. Sifton Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 11. 26. yummary Report of the Geological Survey Department for the calendar year 1901. Presented 14th April, 1902, by Hon. C. Sifton Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 27. Annual Report of the Department of Indian Affairs, for the fiscal year ended 30th June, 1901. Presented 20th February, 1902, by Hon. C. ^\ito\\. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 12. 28. Report of the North-west Mounted Police, 1901. Presented 12th March, 1902, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 29. Report of the Secretary of State of Canada, for the year ended 31st December, 1901. Presented 27th February, 1902, by Hon. C. Fitzpatrick Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 30. Civil Service List of Canada, 1901. Presented 19th February, 1902, by Hon. C. Fitzpatrick. Printed for both distribution and sessional ■papers. 31. Report of the Board of Civil Service Examiners, for the year ended 31st December, 1901. Presented 20th March, 1902, by Hon. H. G. Carroll Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 32. Annual Report of the Department of Public Printing and Stationery, for the year ended .30th June, 1901. Presented 27th February, 1902, by Hon. C. Fitzpatrick. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 33. Report of the Joint Librarians of Parliament for the year 1901. Presented 13th February, 1902, by the Hon. The Speaker Printed for sessional papers. 34. Report of the Minister of Justice as to Penitentiaries of Canada, for the year ended 30th .June, 1901. Presented 17th February, 1902, by Hon. C. Fitzpatrick. Printed for both distribution and sessional jtapers . 35. Report of the Department of Militia and Defence of Canada, for the year ended 31st December, 1901. Presented 17th March, 1902, by Hon. F. VV. Borden. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers . CONTENTS OF VOLUME 13. 36. Report of the Department of Labour, for the year ended 30th June, 1901. Presented 17th February, 1902, by Hon. W. Mulock Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 37. Statement of Governor General's Warrants issued since the last session of parliament, on account of the fiscal year 1901-02. Presented 17th February, 1902, by Hon. W. S. Fielding Ifot printed. 38. Statement of all superannuations and retiring allowances in the civil service during the year ended 31st December, 1901, showing name, rank, salary, service, allowance and cause of retirement of each person superannuated or retired, also whether vacancy filled by promotion or by new appointment, and salary of any new appointee. Presented 17th February, 1902, by Hon. W. S. Fielding. Not printed. 5 2 Edw. YIL List of Sessional Papers. A. 1902 CONTENTS OF VOLUME IS— Continued. 39. Statement of receipts and expenditures of the Ottawa Improvement Comniiss;ion, for the fiscal year ended 30th June, 1901. Presented 17th February, 1£02, by Hon. W. S. Fielding Not printed. 40. Return showing the expenditure on account of unforeseen expenses from the 1st -luly, 1901, to the 13th February, 1902. Presented 17th February, 1902, by Hon. W. S. Fielding Not printed. 41. Statement in pursuance of section 17, of the Civil Service Insurance Act, for the fiscal year ended 30th June, 1901. Presented 17th February, 1902, by Hon. W. S. Fielding. Not printed. 42. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 19th Februar}', 1902, for copy of all papers and correspondence exchanged between Canadian and British authorities, with reference to the embargo imposed by tlie British government on Canadian cattle. Presented (Jth March, 1902.— Mr. Bonrassa Notprintcd. 43. Return of over-rulings bj- the treasury board of the auditor general's decisions between the conmience- ment of the session of 1901 and the session of 1902. Presented 18th February, 1902, by Hon. W. S. Fielding Not printed 44. Detailed statement of all bonds and securities registered in the department of the secretary of state of Canada, since last return, 11th February, 1901, submitted to the parliament of Canada under section 23, chapter 19 of the Revised Statutes of Canada. Presented 19th February, 1902, by Hon. C. Fitz- patrick Not printed. 45. Orders of the Exchequer Court. Presented 19th February, 1902, by Hon. C. Fitzpsitrick . Not printed . ■i'Hi. Rules of the Exchequer Coui't, pursuant to .52 Victoria, chajiter 3S, section 2. ^resented ]9th Mai-ch, 1902, by Hon. H. G. Carroll Not printed. 46. Ordinances passed by the Yukon council during the year 1901. Presented 19th February, 1902, by Hon. C. Fitzpatrick Not printed. 47. Return of the names and salaries of all persons appointed to or promoted in the Civil Service of Cajiada during the year 1901. Presented ■19th February, 1902, by Hon. C. Fitzpatrick.. iVo* printed. 48. Copy of a report of the committee of the honourable the privy council, approved by his excellency on the 23rd .January, 1902, relative to a proposed increase of the capital sto'jk of the Canadian Pacific Railway Company, by twenty millions of dollars and correspondence relating thereto. Presented 19th February, 1902, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier Printed for sseKsional papers. 49. Copy of a report of the committee of the honourable the privy council, approved by his excellency on the 31st May, 1901, relating to a contract with the American Bank Note Company and correspon - dence relating thereto. Presented 20th February, 1902, by Hon. W. S. Fielding. Printed for sessional papers. 50. Annual return under chapter 131 (R.S.C), intituled : "An Act respecting Trade Unions." Presented 21st February, 1902, by Hon. C. Fitzpatrick Notprintcd. 51. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 2Cth February, 1902, for a copy of the correspon- dence relating to an agreement made between the govei-nment of Canada and the Marconi's Wireless Telegraph Company, Limited. Presented 26th February, 1902, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier. Not printed. 51a. Memorandum of agreement made the seventeenth day of March, 1902, between Marconi's Wireless Telegrai)h Company, Limited, and the Marconi International Marine Communication Company, Limited, and His Majesty King Edward Seventh, represented herein by the Right Honourable Sir Wilfrid Laurier, G.C.M.G., President of the King's Privy Council for Canada. Presented 15th A.pril, 1902, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier Printed for sessional papers. 5 2. Report of the Commissioner, Dominion Police Force, for the year 1901. Presented 26th February, 1902, by Hon. C. Fitzpatrick NeA printed. 53. Report of Commissioner and other documents in connection with the Royal Commis.sion in re the alleged combination of paper mauufacturers and dealers. Presented 21st April, 1902, by Hon. /W. S. Fielding Printed for both disirihution and sessional papers . 54. Report of the Royal Commission on Chinese and Japanese Immigration. Part I.— Chinese Immi- gration. Presented 27th February, 1902, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier. Part II.— Japanese Immigration, together with all the evidence taken before the said Commission. Presented 14th April, 1902, by Sir Wilfrid Lanrier Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 6 2 Eclw. YII. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1902 CONTENTS OF VOLUME IS— Continued. r>5. Statement of the affairs of the British Canadian Loan and Investment Company, as on the 31st December, 1901. Presented 3rd March, 1!)02, by the Hon. The Speaker Not printed. 56. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated liJth February, 1902, showing the names and number of men employed on the 200 acres set apart at the Central Expernnental Farm, Ottawa, as a farm propev to be handled as a farm, that is, as any farmer's farm might be handled ; mentioned in the evidence of J. H. Grisdale, Esq., given Thursday, April 11th, 1901, at the morning session of the select standing committee on agriculture and colonization. The number of employees and the wages paid to each employee. The total crop of various kinds grown on said 200 acres, and the amount said total crop was sold for. Presented -Jth March, 1902.— Mr. Wilson Hot printed. 5 7. Supplementary return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 18th February, 1901, for copies of all correspondence, telegrams, letters, notes and memoranda exchanged between the Canadian com- missioner at the Paris exhibition, or any member of the Canadian commission, and Lord Strathcona or the royal commission or the colonial secretary, in relation to tlie rei)resentation of Canada at the exhibition. Presented 4th March, 1902.— Tt/r. Bonrasm. Not printed. 57a. Report of the Canadian Commission at the Paris exhibition. Presented 22nd April, 1902, by Hon. S.A.Fisher Not printed. 5 8. Return to an order of the House of ComnKms, dated 19th February, 19D2, for correspondence between the department of the interior or the minister of the interior, and Mr. C. R. Devlin, with reference to a letter that appeared in United Cttnada on 11th May, 1901, and a letter that appeared in the Montreal Herald on the 18th May, 1901 ; in both of said letters Mr. C. R. Devlin made certain statements regarding members-of this house. Presented 6th March, 1902. — Mr. Wilson. Not printed . 59. Return to an order of the House of Connnons, dated 19th February, 1902, showing : 1. The names of all employees in the post office at Belleville, Ontario, on June 30th, 1896, together with the age of each, date of entry in the service, and the salary of each on the said date. 2. The number of employees dismissed from the Belleville post office since June 30th, 1896, with cause and date of dismissal. 3. The number of employees superannuated, the date of their superannuation, reason for their superannuation, how much superannuation allowance has been allowed to each ; giving the names of all said employees so superannuated who have asked to be superannuated. 4. How many employees were employed in the Belleville post office on 1st January, 1902 ; what were their names and the age and salary of each employee on said date, and date of appointment. Pre- sented 7th March, 1902.— ilf/-. Wilson Not printed. 59a. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 10th March, 1902, for a list of the names of all permanent and temporary officials employed in the Winnipeg post office since the 1st of July, 1896 ; date of api>ointraent, length of service, and salary up to the 1st of January, 1902. Presented 3rd April, 1902.-ilf?-. LaRiviere Not printed. 59/j. Retiu'n to an order of the House of Commons, dated 28th April, 1902, of copies of all tenders re- ceived by the post office department in June, 1901, for carrying mail between Hamilton and Guelph. Presented 7th May, 1902.— /Wr. Smith ( Wentwortk) Not printed. 59c. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14th April, 1902, for copies of all petitions, correspondence and any and all other documents addressed by any person or persons to the honour- able the postmastei general upon which he or the department acted in dismissing, or which led to the dismissal of David Clinton, lately postmaster at Wellington, Ontario. Presented 9th May, 1902.— Mr. Atcorn N'ot printed. 59d. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 2Sth April, 1902, for a copy of the petition sent to the government asking for the dismissal of Mr. H. Therien, postmaster at Grandes Piles, in the province of Quebec ; and copies of all correspondence between the government and all persons in- terested in the subject of such dismissal. Presented 14th May, 1902.— Mr. Ball Not printed. 59r. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 9th April, 1902, for copies of all correspondence, petitions, affidavits and documents relating to the dismissal of Alphonse Thomas as postmaster at La Prairie, P.Q. Presented 14th May, 1902.- Mr. Monk Not printed. 60. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 27th February, 1902, for copies of all letters, tele- grams and other correspondence between the department of labour and the Canadian Pacific Rail- way, Mr. John Wilson and other parties, in respect of alleged violations of the Alien Labour Law, between June 1st and September 1st, 1901. Also between officers of the immigration department and the Canadian Pacific Railway. Presented 7th March, 1902.— Mr. Puttee Not printed. 7 2 Edw. VII. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1902 COis'TEiN'TS OF VOLUME Id— Continued. 61. Return to an order of the House of Comm< jus, dated 3rd March, 1902, showing: — 1. All contracts awarded by the department of railways and canals during the year ending June 30th, 1901, in which the "Current Wages" clause was incorporated, and the amount of such contracts. 2. The number of such contracts in which the schedule of wages was prepared by the fair wages officers. 3. The number of such contracts in which the schedule of wages was prepared by the contractors and accepted by the department. 4. The number of such contracts which were unaccompanied by .schedule of wages. 5. The number of contracts awarded by the department of railways and canals which did not contain either the " Current Wages" clause or a schedule of wages. Presented 11th March, 1902.— Mr. Puttee Not printed. 62. Report on the trend of farm land values as indicated by the selling price. Presented 11th March, 1902, by Hon. S. A. Fisher Not printed. 63. Return to an older of the House of Commons, dated 27th February, 1902, sho^^■ing : 1. Whether the government or any member thereof, by letter or otherwise, gave any ]jublic or jjrivate assurance that in the selection of officers for the Canadian South African constabulary, which left for South Africa, last year, preference would be given to those Canadian officers who have served in South Africa and to other officers of the Canadian militia. 2. What persons, officers or others, applied for commissions in said constabulary. What is the military record of each, either in Canada, South Africa or elsewhere 3. («). What officers were selected and appointed ; (I). What is the military record of each. 4. Who of those selected as officers had never before been officers, o. Whether there were enough applications from officers of the Canadian militia to officer the constabiilarj', and the reason for theii being passed over, and men without qualification, if there were any such, selected. 6. How n iny commissioned officers of the Canadian militia were enlisted in the first and .second contingents, ia the Royal Canadian Regiment, the Canadian Mounted Infantry, the Royal Canadian Dragoons, and the Canadian Artillery, as («.) non-commissioned officers and (h.) as men. 7. How many non-commissioned officers and men of the permanent corps were enlisted in tlie corps named in question. How many of these were non-commissioned officers in South Africa, (c. ) Why were the commissioned officers enlisted in the corps as privates, not given the non-commissions. Presented 11th March, 1902.— J/r. Monk Not printed. 64. Return to an address of be House of Commons, dated 19th February, 1902, for a copy of all papers and ctirrespondence relating to the coronation of his majesty the king ; the imperial conference which is to be held in London, and the appointment of Canadian delegates to the same. Presented 11th March, 1902. — Mr. Bourassa . . . . Printed for sessional papers. 6.5. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 19th February, 1902, for: 1. Copies of all applications for any jwrtion of the ground covered bj- the Matson concession (so-called), or lease No. 9, in the Yukon district. 2. Copies of all applications for any portion of the ground covered by the Doyle concession (so-called), in the Yukon district. 3. Copies of all applications for any portion of the ground covered by the Bronson & Ray concession, in the Yukon district. 4. A memorandum showing the date on which the application in the Brcnson & Ray concession was granted. 5. Cop}' of the application for all laj--overs in all these cases. 6. Copies of orders in council or other authority under which the minister of the interior granted any lay-over in these cases ; and copj' of the material, reports or other evidence upon which such lay-overs were granted. 7. A description of the Boyle concession and a map of same. 8. Copy of the ajiplication for Boyle concession. 9 The exact terms of the application in the case of the Milne concession. 10. The dates on which this application was made and granted. 11. Map showing ground co\'ered. 12. The date when the application for the Slavin & Gates concession was made and filed. 13. Copy of Green's original map, with copy of field notes attached in the case of the Slavin & Gates concession. 14. Copy of telegram from the deputy minister of interior to E. C. Senkler as to the boundaries of this concession, dated on or alxjut the 5th June, 1901. Presented 12th March, 1902.— 3/r. Taylor Not printed. 66. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 20th February, 1902, for a statement in detail showing the quantity of vegetables imported from the United States and entered at the ports of Montreal and Toronto during the years 1900 and 1901, respectively, as well as of the aniount of duties collected by the government of Canada during the said two years at each one of the said ports. Presented 14th March, 1902.— Mr. Liomird Not printed. 66«. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 20th February, 1902, for copies of all petitions, resolutions, letters, etc., addressed to the government in relation to an increase or a readjustment of the duties on vegetables, and of all replies sent by the government to said resolutions, petitions and letters. Presented 24th March, 1902.-3//-. Leonard Not printed. 8 2 Edw. VII. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1902 CONTENTS OF VOLUME IS— Continued. 67. Return to an addre.-s of the House of Commons, dated 19th Febx'uaiy, 1902, for a copy of all papers and correspondence relating to the disallowance of chapters 11 and 14 of the Statutes of 1900, pro • vince of British Columbia, viz.: "An Act to regulate immigration into British Columbia," and "An Act relating to the employment on works carried on under franchises granted by Private Acts." Presented 17th March, 1902.— Mr. £Qi/ws«a Not printed. 68. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 19th February, 1902, showing : 1. The amount of money spent each year from June 30th, 1891, to June 30th, 1901, on immigration. 2. The number of immigrants reported each year to have settled each year in the Dominion of Canada during the ten (10) years from 1891 to 1901. and the total for the ten years. 3. The number of immigrant agents employed by the Dominion govei-nment each year in Great Britain and Ireland from 1891 to 1901, and the total amount paid each year to the said agents, and the amount spent each year for printing and other expenses by the said agents. 4. The number of immigrant agents employed by the Dominion government each year in the continent of Europe from 1891 to IbOl, and the total amount paid each year to the said agents, and the amount spent each year for printing and other expenses by the said agents. 5. The number of immigrant agents employed by the Dominion gov- ernment each year in the United -States of America from 1891 co 1901 ; and the total amount paid each year to- the said agents ; and amounts spent each year for jjrinting and other expenses by the said agents ; and by the government of the Dominion of Canada. Presented 18th March, 1902. — Mr. Wilson Printed for sessional ixipers. 69. Statement for parliament relative to fishing bounty payments for the year 1900-1901, required under section 4, of chapter 9(), of the Revised Statutes of Canada, intituled: "An Act to encoiu-age the development of the sea fisheries and the building of fishing vessels." Presented (Senate) 19th March, 1902, by Hon. R. W. Scott Not printed. 70. Return of all lands sold by the Canadian Pacific Railway Company, from the 1st October, 3900, to the 1st October, 1901. Presented 21.st March, 1902, by Hon. W. S. Fielding Not printed. 70ft. Return (in so far as the department of the interior is concerned) of copies of all orders in^council, plans, papers and correspondence which are reriuired to be presented to the House of Commons, under a resolution passed (jn 20th Februarj% 1882, since the date of the last return under such resolution. Presented 21st Marcii, 1902, by Hon. W. S. Fielding Not printed. 71. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 3rd March, 1902, for copies for all applica- tions for water powers and other similar rights on or connected with the Soulanges canal, and all correspondence with respect thereto, and all reports, letters and communications of or from engineers or other experts respecting the same. Also all leases granted to any person, firm or corporation of water powers or other similar rights on or connected with the above named canal. Presented 20th March, 1902— it/r-. Bennett Not printed. 72. Return to an order of the House of Commons, datsd 26th February, 1902, showing amount of the rebate paid on agricultural implements exported from Canada for the fiscal year ending 30th June, 1901, specifying amount paid to each firm. Presented 20th INIarch, 1902 — Mr. Henderson. Not printed. 73. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated Gth March, 1902, showing : 1. The amount of refined sugar imported into Canada (a) from the first of January to 31st December, 1900 ; (h) from the first of January to the 31st of December, 1901 ; 2. The amount of raw sugar imported within same dates, each year separate, and the name of the country from which it has been imported. Pre- sented 20th March. 1902— il/r. Madore Not printed, 74. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 10th March, 1902, for a tracing showing the principal railway lines in operation in New Brunswick, and showing the railway lines, or portions of such lines, over which postal cars are run. Presented 24th March, 1902— il/r. Costigan . Not printed. 75. Return of orders in council, which have been published in the Canada Gazette and in the British Columbia Gazette, between 1st January and 31st December, 1901, in accordance with the provisions of subsection (d) of section 38 of the regulations for the survey, administration, disposal and manage- ment of Dominion lands within the 40-mile railway belt in the province of British Columbia. Pre- sented 21st March, 1902, by Hon. W. S. Fielding Not printed. 9 2 Edw. VII. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1902 COJ^TEN"TS OF VOLUME IS— Continued. 75«. Return of orders in council which have been published in the Canada Gazette between 1st January and 31st December, 1901, in accordance with the provisions of clause 91 of the Dominion Lands Act, chapter 54 of the Revised Statutes of Canada and its amendments. Presented 21st March, 1902, by Hon. W. S. Fielding Not printed. 76. Return of orders in council which have been published in the Canada Gazette between 1st January and 31st December, 1901, in accordance with the provisions of section .52 of the North-west Irrigation Act, chapter 35 of 61 Victoria. Presented 21st March, 1902, by Hon. W. S. Fielding.— iV"o< printed. 77. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 19th February, 1902, for copies of all letters, telegrams and other correspondence between the governments of Canada, Australia and New Zealand or any member thereof, respecting trade transportation, cable and other subjects of intercolonial concern. Presented 26th March, 1902— Mr. Carnpbdl Printed for sessional papers. 78. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 10th March, 1902, for list of the names of all permanent and temporary officials of the several branches of the department of the interior, date of appointment, and their salaries, on the 1st July, 1896; also a similar list on the 1st July, 1901. Presented 2()th March, VM2.—Mr. LuPdvitre Notiyrinted. 79. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 21st February, 1901, of all papers, reports and other data relati\e to the lowering of the waters of Lake Simcoe, with a view towards reclaiming certain flooded lands. Presented 26th March, 1902.-3/?-. MrLeod Not printed. 80. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 27th February, 1902, for a copy of the report from the judicial committee of the privy council, dated the 8th day of December, 1901, in the matter of an apjjeal from the court of king's bench for the jirovince of QueVjec (appeal side) between the Canadian Pacific Railway Company, appellant, and Adrien Roy, respondent. Presented 7th April, VM2.—Mr. Lei/deux Not printed . 81. Orders in council with respect to the ap]jlication made by ^Messrs. Ewing, Treadgold and Barwick, to divert water f(jr mining purposes. Presented 8th April, 1902, by Hon. C. Sifton. Printed for hoth distribution and sessional papers. 81«. Partial return to an addre.ss of the Hou.se of Commons, dated 9th April, 1902 : 1. For copies of all orders in council, petitions, applications, reports, telegrams, correspondence, grants, contracts, agreements, documents, and communications in writing, relating to or concerning the grant to or concession to A. N. C. Treadgold and others, or to the Hj'draulic Mining Syndicate, either separately or associated with A. N. C. Treadgold, of any claims, rights, and privileges on Bonanza, Bear and Hunker Creeks or their tributaries, or elsewhere in the Yukon territory. 2. A description and plan showing the situation, location, area, and other particulars of all the claims, rights, and privileges so granted or conceded to the said A. N. C. Treadgold and others, or to the said Hydraulic Mining Syndicate, as afore.said. Presented 23rd April, 1902.— il/r. Borden (Halifax). Printed for hoth distribution and scssioncd papers. 81'-. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 9th April, 1902, indicating : 1. The names of all grantees of permits to cut timber in the Yukon, to whom permits, licenses or leases have been issued since the 1st January, 1899. 2. The location of such grants. 3. The annual amount payable by the grantee, licensee or lessee. 4. The price or consideration of the grant. 5. The name in each case of the present holder of grant or lease, if transferred. 6. Whether eacli and everj- grant was publicly advertised for sale by auction. Presented 29th April, 1902.- J/r. Monk. Not printed. 82. Return showing the reductions and remissions under section 141 as added to the Indian Act by .section 8, chapter 35, .58-59 Victoria, during the fiscal year ended .30th June. 1901. Presented (Senate) 8th April, 1902, by Hon. R. W. Scott Not printed. 83. Return to an address of the Senate, dated 20th February, 1902, for copies of all orders in council, documents, memoranda, or other papers, relating to the transfer, from the federal to the provin- cial control, of public lands alloted for education in Manitoba, or relating to the payment by this governmeut to the Manitoba government of any monej^— whether it be on the capital or on the interest — derived from the sales of such lands ; also copies of all correspondence between the govern- ment or any member thereof, and the government of Manitoba or any member thereof, or any other ]jersons, up to this date, in connection with the al)ove matters. Presented (Senate) 9th April, 1902. — Hon. Mr. Btrni' r Printed for both distribvtion and .ne.^sional papers. 10 2 Edw. VII. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1902 CONTENTS OF VOLUME U— Continued. S3"> Return to an address of the. House af Commons, dated 19th February, 1902, for a copy of all corres- pondence, petitions, orders in council, and any and all documents in connection with the demands of the provincial legislature, with regard to the school lands in Manitoba ; moneys derived from sales thereof, together with interest accrued thereon. Presented 25th April, 1902. — Mr. LaBivikre . Incorporated tcith S3. 84. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 9th April, 1902, for copies of all correspon- dence, papers, letters, telegrams, etc., between the department of justice and the authorities of the St. Vincent de Paul Penitentiai-y, relating to the leave granted to the present warden, as well as that which passed resjiecting the superannuation of the said warden. Presented 21st April, 1902. — Mr. Leonard Not printed . 84'^f. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 9th April, 1902, forcopiesof all correspondence, letters, claims, etc., addressed to the government in regard to the indenmity of Treffie Nantel, a guard at the St. Vincent de Paul Penitentiary, who died on or about the 12th September, 1900 ; as well as all documents relating to that matter. Presente^l 21st April, 1902. — Mr. Leonard. Not printed. 85. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 9th April, 1902, for a copy of the report of Inspector McRae of the Indian de|5artment relating to the investigation held by him respecting the complaint by the Restigouche Indians against Indian Agent Peters, together with all correspondence and documents in connection therewith. Presented 21st April, 1902. — Afr. Fowler Not printed. 86. Report of the Commissioner for Canada at the Pan-American exhibition. Presented 22nd April, 1902, by Hon. S. A. Fisher Not printed. 87. Report of the Canadian Connnissioner at the Glasgow exhibition. Presented 22nd April, 1902, by Hon. S. A. Fisher Not printed. 88. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 13tii March, 1902, showing :— 1. The number of timber limits, and where located, that have been disposed of by the government since Julj', 1890, in the province of Manitoba and North-west Territories. 2. The names of the purchasers in each case, and price paid for each limit. 3. Copies of tenders for each l-mit, and names of newsi)apers in which advertisements appeared. Presented 23rd April, 1902.— 71/?-. Roche (Marquette). Not printed. 89. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 9th April, 1902, for any communications, reports, or other documents received by the government, or any member or department thereof, from Colonel Taylor, of Pittsburg, U.S.A., with reference to the deposits of coal and coal mining in South British Columbia, particularly the Crow's Nest Pass coal fields. Presented 25th April, 1902. — Mr. Bennett , Not printed. 90. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 9th April, 1902, for copy of petition dated on or about November 29th, 1901, from the president of the Queliec Trades and Labour Council to the department of labour, and of all documents connected with said petition or mentioned therein, or correspondence ensuing therefrom in reference to the arbitration controversy or conflict between the Shoe Workers' Union of Quebec city and Mgr. L. N. Begin, Archbishop of Quebec. Presented 28th April, 1902.— 3/r. Pm<;cc Not Printed. 90«. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 9th April, 1902, for copies of all letters, telegrams and other correspondence between the department of labour and the officers of the Rossland Miners' Union and other persons, in reference to the alleged violations of the Alien Labour Act in connection with the Rossland miners' strike. Presented 9th May, '1902. — Mr. Smith ( Vancouver) Not printed. 91. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 14th Av'ril, 1902, for copies of all memorials, petition.s or protests received respecting the erection of a monument to General Montgomery at Quebec, with dates ; also copies of replies sent thereto. Presented 29th April, 1902. — Mr. Clarke. Not printed. 9'2. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 9th April, 1902, for a statement of all moneys paid by the Dominion government to the province of Ontario during the calendar years 1900 and 1901, respectively ; stating in each case how much of such Tiioneys so paid was on account of subsidy, allowance for government, and interest, respectively. Also copies of all telegrams, letters, or cor- respondence q,f any kind in any way relating to or connected with the transmission of such moneys. Presented 30th April, 1902. — Mr. Henderson Not printed. 11 2 Edw. YII. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1902 CONTENTS OF VOLUME IS— Continued. 93. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 26th February, 1902, showing (let) the number of commutations of sentences that have been granted through the department of justice to prisoners convicted of arson or incendiarism during the years 1899, 1900 and 1901, respectively ; (2nd) the places where the crimes were committed ; (3rd) the sentences imposed. Presented 1st May, 1902. — Mr. Monk Not printed . 94. Return to an addiess of the Senate, dated 9th April, 1902, for a copy of the orders in council apix)int- ing : 1. The Honourable !Mr. Wurtele, one of the judges of the court of appeal for the province of Quebec, chairman of the commission for the revision of the statutes of the Dominion of Canada. 2. The Honourable Justice Francois Langelier, etween the government of Canada or any deiiartment or officer thereof, and any steamship company or agent of such company, engaged in the transjxirtation of the l>roduce of Canada from any port in Canada to Europe, regarding the ventilation of space on steam- shii>s used for storage during transi)ortation of perishable products such as apples and cheese ; also copies of all clauses in contracts with steam.ship companies relating to the ventilation of the holds or spaces between the decks of steamers employed as aforesaid ; also a statement giving the names of all steauLships and the owners thereof which have l>een equipped with means of generating cold air and distributing the same throughout their holds and between decks, in terms of the apj^ropriation made for such purpose during last session of parliament, giving the cost to the government in the 12 2 Edw. Vir. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1902 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 13— Concluded. case of each steamer ; also a statement showing tlie daily minimum and maximum temperatures maintained during each voyage in the holds or between the decks of steamers equipped in terms of the said parliamentary appropriation of last session; also a statement showing the comparative results in the transportation of apples between steamers equipped as above described and steamers without any special means of ventilation ; and also a statement giving the names and owners of steamers which it is proposed to equip as aforesaid, for the approaching season, and giving the port of departure from Canada of such steamers as well as of those already equipped as aforesaid. Pre- sented (Senate) 13th May, 1902. — ^on. 3Ir. Fcrrjvson JV'o^ printed. 102. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 1.5th May, 1902, for copies of all papers relating to preferential trade. Presented 1.5th May, VM2.—3Ir. Bdcourt ]^ot printed. 13 1-2 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPETJ No. 12 A. 1902 EEPOET, EETUEI^S A]^D STATISTICS OF THE INLAND KEYENUES OF THE DOMINION or CANADA FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30 1901 PA.IIT I. EXCISE, &c. PRINTED BY ORDER OF PARLIAMENT OTTAWA PRINTED BY S. E. DAWSON, PRINTER TO THE KING'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY 1901 [No. 12—1902.] 1-2 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 A. 1902 To His Excellency the Right Honourable The Earl of Minto, Governor General of Canada, (be, &c. May it Please Your Excellency : I have the honour to transmit to Your Excellency the Returns and Statistics of Inland Revenues of the Dominion of Canada, for the Fiscal Year ended June 30, 1901, as prepared and laid before me by the Deputy Minister of Inland Revenue. All of which respectfully submitted. M. E. BERNIER, Minister of Inland Revenue. 12-a^ 1-2 EDWARD VII. SEi>STONAL PAPER No. 12 A. 1902 CONTENTS Pages. . Report of the Deputy Minister of Inland Revenue, for the Fiscal Year ended June 30, 1901 ... i to xxvii Financial Statements, as detailed below 1 to 60 Statistics, Hydkadlic Rents, &c. (Appendix A), as detailed^below 61 to 115 Expenditures, &c. (Appendix B), as detailed below 116 to 165 Index, Alphabetical Vide end. riNANOIAL 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 to 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19(a) '19 (b) 20(a) 20 (b) 21 21 22 23 24 25 26 General Revenue Account— Showing account of Revenue accrued and collected from all sourc'-is during the year ended June 30, 1901 General Expenditure Account— Showing the cost of collecting the above Excise Collection Divisions — In account with Revenue II II Expenditure Hydraulic Rents, &c. — Summary Statement of Lessees account Bridges, Ferries, &c. — Lessees, &c., of — In account with Revenue. Culling Timber — Supervisor — In account with Revenue II II II E.xjJenditure Bill Stamps — Distributors of— h Inland Revenue Department Law Stamps— m • n u h Sundry Minor Revenues II Expenditures Comparative Statement of Excisable Articles taken for consumption, during the years ended June 30 1899, 1900 and 1901 respectively Statement showing the amounts deposited monthly (by Inland Revenue Officers and others) to the credit of the Honourable the Receiver (General on account of each of the above Revenues, respectively ... Comparative Monthly Statement of Excii^e Revenue accrued — Showing increase or decrease of Revenue yielded by each article, respectively, during each month of the Fiscal Year, as compared with the respective periods of the previous year Refunds — Statement of — Showing names of parties to whom, and under what authority, duties were refunded Departmental Expenditure — Showing Expenditure on account of the Inside Service of the Department Weights and Measures, Gas, Electric Light and Law Stamps— Statement showing Revenue accrued Weights and Measures — Inspection Districts— In account with Revenue Old . " . . " . " II Inspection Districts — In account with Expenditure II Old I, II II Law Stamps — Distributors of — In account with Inland Revenue Department Gas Inspection Districts — In account with Revenue II II II Expenditure Electric Light Inspection Districts — In account with Revenue II II • II Expenditure Statement showing .the transactions in connection with the manufacture of Methylated Spirits Statement showing the amount voted, and the Expenditure authorized, for each Service for 1900-1901 Pages. 3 4-5 6 to 9 10 to 13 14 15-16 17 18 19 19 20 21 22-23 24 to 27 28-29 30 to 41 42 43 44-45 46 47-48 49 51 50-51 52 to 55 56 57 58-59 60 VI INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 STATISTICS (Appendix A). EXCISE. 05 'u 'S- Is 1 O) g o be Q 1 3 '5 < o < Return of Manufactuees— Showing the number of Licenses issued and Fees collected, the materials used, the quantity produced, the amount of duties collected, ex-manufactory, and the amount of duties accruing upon excisable articles warehoused Pge G2 64 66 Pge 72 74 Pge 78 79 Pge 80 81 Pge Pge Pge 88 90 Pge Pge 96 98 Pge 105 105 Pge Comparative Statement of the above, for the years ended June 30, 1900 and 1901, respectively Return of Distilleries— Showing their transactions during the year ended June 30, 1901 Statement showing the transactions in Vinegar in the Bonded Manufactories for the year ended June 30, 1901 104 100 102 106 107 Return of Warehouse TRANSACTioNS-Showing the quantity of excisable goods remaining in bonded warehouses of each Collection Division, respec- tively, from previous years ; quantity placed in warehouse ex-factory during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1900, placed in warehouse from other Col- lection Divisions ; also, quantity ex-warehoused for consumption, with duty accrued thereon ; ex- warehoused to be rewarehoused in other Collection Divisions ; ex- warehoused for exportation ; also quantity used in bonded factories, and remaining in warehouse June 30, 1901 68 70 74 76 82 83 84 86 87 87 92 93 Comparative Statement of the above, for the years ended June 30, 1900 and 1901 respectively Return of Revenue collected from Canada Twist Tobacco Comparative Statement of the above, for the years ended June 30, 1900 and 1901, respectively 94 95 Return of Fees for Inspection of Petroleum, for the year ended June 30, 1901 Comparative Statement of Petroleum Inspection Fees, for the years ended June 30, 1900 and 1901, respectively Methylated Spirits— Statement showing the quan- tity of raw material on hand at beginning of year, raw material used, quantity produced and how dis- posed of 108 CULLING TIMBER. No. of Page. Statement. 36 Timber culled at Port of Quebec : description of timber, measurements, rates of Office and Culler's Fees charged and revenues accrued 109 HYDRAULIC AND OTHER RENTS. 37ia) Amount due from each Lessee or Purchaser, July 1, 1900 ^ .1 accrued during the year ended June, .30, 1901 I M paid by each Lessee or Purchaser, during the year ended June 30, ,- 1901 .1 remaining due by each Lessee or Purchaser on June 30, 1901 j 110 to 115 CONTENTS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 EXPENDITURES— (Appendix B.) Vll 6 o '> u m a l-H S bo _g O g O u h-l 41 0 fc "fc.. o Pge 155 Is SALARIES. • Paid to each Officer employed in collecting Revenue " SUPERANNUATION. How much deducted from each Officer's salary . INSURANCE FEES. How much deducted from each Officer's salary RETIREMENT. How much de lucted from each Officer's salary CONTINGENCIES. Authorized by the Department for office rent, fuel, travelling expenses, &c Pge 144 Pge 116 Pge 133 Pge 140 Pge 140 Pge 147 Pge 151 Pge 141 Distribution of Seizures 136 List of Persons employed during the year ended June .30, 1901 157 II I. a portion of the year ended June 30, 1901 164 1-2 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 A. 1902 REPORT OF THE DEPUTY MINISTER OF INLAND REVENUE To the Honourable M. E. Bernier, Minister of Inland Revenue. Sir, — Herewith I have the honour to submit statements of the Inland Revenues collected by this department during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1901, with the usual information as to the cost of collection and statistics respecting the sources whence these revenues were derived. The following summary comparison shows the accrued revenue for the y(;ars ended June 30, 1897, 1898, 1899, 1900 an 1 1901, respectively :— 1897. 1898. 1899. 1900. 1901. $ 1 $. .$ $ *Excise 9,182,042 7,916,483 9,722,967 9,931,950 10,423,865 Public Works ; . . 13,632 8,915 5,090 •5,366 4,805 Culling Timber ... . 10,356 17,107 10,624 8,155 8,271 ■Weights and Measures, Gas and Law Stamps 58,228 64,570 73,499 78,510 81,987 Electric Light 6,844 770 9,425 720 11 .520 14,452 643 15,568 537 73,675 Other Revenues 642 Methylated Spirits . . . Totals 9,271,872 8,017,220 9,824,342 10,039,076 10,608,708 *1897-8-9 and 1900 include Methylated Spirits. The increase over last iBscal year being $569,632. INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Details of Excise Revenue accrued during the undermentioned years. 1. 1897 1898. 1899. 1900. 1901. Spirits Malt liquor Malt Tobacco » Cigars *Petroleum and Acetic Acid. Manufactures in bond Seizures Other receipts t Methylated Spirits Totals 4,772,369 6,805 1,032,727 2,557,011 690,280 42,018 37,237 3,363 17,965 22,267 9,182,042 3,593,980 6,851 589,896 2,894,285 688,798 44,648 32,598 7,373 21,163 36,891 4,609,619 6,807 849,468 3,320,168 781,319 46,060 49,572 10,713 24,192 25,049 7,916,483 9,722,967 4,821,218 7,174 910,537 3,281,640 825,643 5,505 30,192 6,071 .34,132 9,838 5,180,775 6,569 977,330 3,337,848 837,434 8,910 44,242 1,292 29,465 73,675 9,931,950 10,497,540 * Petroleum for 1897-8-9 and 1900. Acetic Acid for 1901. t Years 1897-8-9 and 1900 show only the net revenue over expenditure, and 1901 represents the gross revenue. The quantity of spirits produced during the year, was 2,652,708 proof gallons, as compared with 2,658,557 proof gallons produced in the previous fiscal year. The raw material used in its production being as follows : — Lbs. Malt... . ., 3,584,301 Indian corn 33,265,288 Rye 7,572,749 Wheat 12,775 Oats 399, ISO Barley 37,380 The transactions of the several distilleries will be found stated in detail in Appen- dix A (Statement No. 3), pages 64 an:J 65. Proof Galls. There were on July 1, 1900, in process of manufacture 124,219 Manufactured during the year , . . . 2,652,709 Returned to distilleries for re-distillation —Duty paid. 674 In bond . . 408,476 409 150 Received into distilleries from other sources — Duty paid 5,868 Total 3,191,946 REPORT OF THE DEPUTY MINISTER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 This was disposed of as follows : — Proof Gallons. Placed in warehouse under crown lock 3,067,9] 9 Fusel-oil written off , 8,310 Deficiency arising from rectification 847 Remaining in process of manufacture, June 30, 1901, by actual stock taking 113,310 Written off 1,560 Total 3,191,946 The following statement shows the warehousing transactions in spirits during the year ended June 30, 1901, and the four preceding years : — 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Fiscal Years. i *^ H X. be 1— 1 4= o O S re c O O 1 C « . ID C 9 o 1 Q I.. o (in a i 1— I 1896-7 Pf. Galls. 12,869,714 11,886,114 11,260,036 11,820,992 Pf. Galls. 2,596,485 1,766,030 3,914,094 3,113,001 Pf. Galls. 125,692 94,798 145,805 135,196 Pf. Galls. 2,779,946 1,874,479 2,404,-599 2,523,576 Pf. Galls. 158, 9i3 87,471 120,161 138,637 Pf. Galls. 340,176 321,515 360,876 345,312 Pf. Galls. 212,500 135,318 138,300 131,222 Pf. Galls. 214,212 68,123 475,007 470,315 Pf. GaUs. 11,886,114 1897-8 1898-9 1899-1900 11,260,036 11,820,992 11,460,127 Totals 47v836,856 11,389,610 501,491 9,582,600 505,212 1,367,879 617,340 1,227,657 46,427,269 Annual average of four years ended .June 30, 1900 1900-1901.. .. 11,959,214 11,460,127 2,847,402 3,067,919 125,373 155,295 2,395,650 2,707,919 126,303 148,154 341,970 352,705 154,335 212,516 306,914 408,477 11,606,817 10,853,570 The quantities exported being as follows : — Proof Gallons. 1896-7 158,943 1897-8 87,471 1898-9 120,161 1899-1900 138,637 1900-1901 148,154 Zll INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 The following statement exhibits the entire quantities upon which duties were collected during the several years recited therein. The total column will be found to accord with the figures shown in Financial Statement No. 13, page 23 : — Canadian Spirits. Imported Spirits used in Bonded Fac- tories. Paid differf-nce between Customs and Excise Duty. Total quantities upon which duty was collected. Memorandum of Revenue accrued including License Fees. Fiscal Years. Paid duty Ex-distillery. Paid duty Ex-warehouse. 1896-7 1897-8 Pf. Gallons. 2,508 3,8(56 5,571 493 Pf. Gallons. 2,779,940 1,874,479 2,404,599 2,523,576 Pf. Gallons. 125,378 94,681 137,825 134,969 Pf. Gallons. 2,907,892 1,973,026 2,547,995 2,659,038 4,772,370 3,593,980 1898-9 1899-1900 4,609,619 4,821,218 Totals 12,498 9,582,600 492,853 10,087,951 17,797,187 Annual average of four vears ended June 30, 1900 -1900-1901 3,125 914 2,395,650 2,707,919 123,213 1.55,117 2,521,988 2,863,950 4,449,297 .5,180,775 REPORT OF THE DEPUTY MIXISTER xiii SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 Malt : The following statement shows the transactions in malt during the year 1900-1901, and the four preceding years : — 1 2 3 4 1 5 6 ( 8 Fiscal Years. 0) bo §.s o a j= a ■ is 5P«« cj 0) 0) O be ^ 7i iZ e ^ * a H .5 3 ^i- a O O £ a 3 a 1^ 1.3 ill 5^ 2^^-2 2 3 3 03 o u 1896-7 Lbs. 26,341,230 7,666,642 16,576,546 21,782,187 Lbs. 47,544,706) *2,368,763 / 45,478,5291 *2,497,134/ 61,020,8391 *2, 387, 782/ 61,497,029 \ *2,786,630J Lbs. Lbs. 572,765 68,443,353 678,738 .^S.9.'i4 71.5 Lbs. Lbs. 377,771 339,698 228 000 Rfii 7S9 Lbs. 7,666,642 16,576,546 21,782,187 24,521,335 Lbs. 1,032,727 589,896 849,468 910,538 1897-8 1898-9 1899-1900 552,363 ■^30,799 56,212,822 60,284,064 301,774 327,950 2,240,747 1,663,296 Totals 72,366,605 215,541,1031 *10,040,309J 2,534,665 223,894,954 1,235,495 4,805,523 70,546,710 3,382,629 of four years ended June 30, 1900 1900-1901. ... 18,091,651 24,521,335 53,885,276) *2,510,O77/ 64,095,8991 *3, 565, 270/ 633,666 807,838 55,973,738 64,723,616 308,874 310,000 1,201,381 1,882,070 17,636,677 26,074,656 845,657 977,330 Imported. XIV INLAND BE VENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 o Oi I— ( s ee o o OS 00 a> fl 3 m l-S ^ cs as i £3 P^ CO 0) o o o cti be-? ^ a d 'O 00 a O J3 O CO a o J3 H ^ (M in 00 C5 r»" CO CO >^^'c'=i^ T-t 00 CO CO © t^ T o_ IM^ ■■ t ^ 1-1 IM^ 00 o -» o C-= C m l^ •^'' © .-1 CO cf t>^ 3 a; OT3 S S ^ o o; (M CC in rt CO t-? X_ CO (M im' CO' 00 © im" 1-1 © CO eo" co" -^ 1 o in IM eo ^ id 1-1 c - c cc CO ^ t^ (M © — S c. "3 >o t~ © in o IM CO _c3 O^ A-^ to o" piJ lO O 05 1-1 (M © Tt- Eh"©^ " 5 J ©_ in -^ in «£ ^__ in E-'is g t£ ©" © ©" t 1-1 .-( to 1-1 (M .1-^ § © o: in -+ 00 in t^ t~ t^ ^ T-l t^ © © M CO T-l o; t^ rH in Canad Twii taken con sumpti s 00 in ■* 00 o © t^ 00 1-5 t- in 00 in CO lO CO OS CO in in ^ -tl =s 5; a CO ; o CO 00 iM © o ^ CC m IM CC_^ CO t- w I ken 1 con- mpti -O ^ 'S Oi C rr h^ © m — in ^ © -f 'a © 0- CC C^ CO — 1 V CO in ■* ^ in CO CD u t^ -r <:c- © CC © IM 1 't' o C5 t- - eo i^ I- © © 1-5 rH ^ rH 1-1 CO iH CO 1 X H fc: - IM t^ ■<* ^ t^ © © £ c t~ in 00 IM CO © © , .0 ■* 1-1 O i-l CO IM © r< C'*^ J ^ ?o o CO © CO 1 00 33 c — J5 o S © o © © ■* CO 1 1-5 CC © Tl 1-1 in ©_ "(S 5 © © © 1-1 © © ^ H S r-l 1-1 1— 1 •* be in © ^ CO t^ © in o-S t: ■* O CO -- © © © 5« i: :« 00 in T»< (M ©_ ■* 00 IM 3 a: oi oc 'S 1-1 O 1*" iM in" CO © -^ ^"i £ h^ t^ ID eo i-<_ 00 1^ © ^^ ^ r^ 00 ©' © T^ ©" © 1— T '* 3 ■" rH 1- i-i ■>»< as © (M -f in © 00 f" t^ IM Tt a eo © © 15 oT-^ in © IM tH © c © i-H ^i-l- -O 50 in S? S: ?5" s © CC im" CO 1-5 © IM ir CC in eo ■^ im" '"' in 'V CO -c C It 03 ^ QQ eS (^ Oj c3 >» ® >* u^ 1 m "*" © "^ s-2 -M 'A 1 O be 01 © © t>l v. ly 1— 1 g 3 o t> OC OS fe 3 © S 2 S CI >'-i © CC OC CO 00 < © lH iH a REPORT OF THE DEPUTY MINISTER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 XV g g g i) o t^ 05 CO OJ © -i< CO Oi 1-1 -f CO CO -o 5-^ c 175 t^ CO o © in •^ S S c a' » o" oo' rH in co" co" IC ce j;.^ o 2 C5 00 00 (M oo ■*! eo 00 e© o o t^ GO C5 (7f b- 00 a> iO in in © in § CO »n CO CO r ■"I i-i 1— 1 in T-l C M O "TS in © in ^ © M as IM © (M CO © (N CO in CO in herw for. d It t>r Tt<" co" Oi" CO CO '"' in 1-H in ir o O c8 lO o c i in © 00 © (M ir : r^ in CO in ■d Tf CO (> 1 05 C5_ t^ Tti OJ in" ^ a f cT TtT go" oo" t4 d ■o CO cr ■J t^ CO CO Oi o £' © CO 00 o o 1—1 1-1 rfi 1-1 11^1 lO 00 cc © a: t^ ^ I- in c CO CO CO o CO ■^ ■* CO CO CO Assessm to bring d action to Stand d id~ o- (» CO in t-T bo o © CO* r*"! 1—1 >" ^ 1-1 iH C 1— 1 1 © CO (D 13 =: *-5 TD aj ^2 f5 g **© s tc oo' C5 05 2 '"' 05 05 C5 C5 CO i-^ oo C5 ^ C5 as 05 Oi c CO GO 00 CO _^ Oi »-' 1-1 1-t rH <, 1 xvi INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWAT^D VII., A. 1902 The revenue derived from goods manufactured in bond during the past five years has been as follows : — 1896-97 $37,237 1897-98 32,623 1898-99 33,494 1899-1900 30,192 1900-1901 44,242 Acetic Acid : The revenue derived from acetic acid during the last four years has been as fol- lows : — 1897-98 $4,354 1898-99 16,078 1899-1900 9,647 1900-1901 8,910 Inspection of Petroleum : The quantity of Canadian Petroleum and Naphtha inspected during the year was as follows : — Gallons. Petroleum $11,197,315 Naphtha 1,477,663 Total 12,674,978 Public Works : The revenue accrued from this source was as follows : — 1S99-1900. 1900-1901. Hydraulic and other rents $3,528 $3,570 Minor public works 1,838 1,235 Culling Timber : ■ The amount accrued upon culling of timber was during 1900-1901, $8,270.78 ; the cost of the service (including $6,295.73' for annuities to retired cullers) having been $18,448.10. Weights and Measures, Gas and Electric Light : The usual special reports in relation to these services have been prepared, contain- ing full statistical information. The aggregate revenue accrued from these services was $92,428.92. The cost of the three services being $103,726.93. REPORT OF THE DEPUTY MINISTER XVii SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12- Prevention of Adulteration of Food and Agricultural Fertilizers : The usual supplementary report in relation to this service will be submitted con- taining details of the work done and the report of the analysts. Inspection of Staples : The usual statistics in relation to this service will be found in Appendix 13- Methylated Spirits : The quantity of methylated spirits manufactured during the year, was 94,653 proof gallons ; 94,449 gallons were sold. A statement of details appears on pages 58 and 108. Appendix (K contains, as usual, the details concerning illicit stills seized during the year. Appendix IB shows the amount of Excise Revenue collected at each out-office and under various headings, separately. The Administration of the Acts respecting " Inspection of Staples and Culling of Timber" having been transferred to the Department of Trade and Commerce, statistics relating to these services will not appear in the report of this Department after this year. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. Ottawa, August 10, 1901. 12— B zvm INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 APPENDIX ^. Table showing the Annual Consumption per head of the undermentioned articles pay- ing Excise and Customs Duties, and the Revenue per head derived annually. Dominion of [:!anada. Years. Quantity. Duty. o5 '5. "S in d 3 'i o H 1 Ph 1869 1870 1871 Gs 1- 1 1- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ais. 124 434 578 723 682 994 394 204 975 960 131 715 922 009 090 998 126 711 746 645 776 883 745 701 740 742 666 623 723 •536 661 •701 •765 G£ 2 2 2 2 3 3 \ 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 ills. 290 163 490 774 188 012 091 454 322 169 209 248 293 747 882 924 639 839 084 247 263 360 790 .516 485 722 471 528 469 •808 995 364 737 G rails. 115 19.-> 259 257 238 288 149 177 096 096 104 077 099 120 135 117 109 110 005 094 097 104 111 101 094 089 090 070 084 082 086 085 100 L 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 bs. 755 190 052 481 999 566 995 316 051 976 954 936 035 150 280 476 623 0.^2 062 003 153 143 292 291 314 264 163 120 243 358 174 300 404 Galls. •575 1103 1^591 1302 r387 1618 1-589 1360 1-103 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1, 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 S 761 962 059 160 135 363 127 182 949 927 005 772 990 084 186 074 198 007 045 944 107 257 004 156 235 235 124 159 341 306 367 455 593 i s 1 092 1 085 1 095 I 108 120 119 1 114 098 109 147 125 081 081 098 103 104 111 001 100 110 114 121 137 211 218 205 161 164 213 126 174 185 198 % 037 049 056 070 066 086 069 075 057 «52 057 055 073 092 097 082 074 074 066 066 C68 072 080 075 070 060 056 047 041 041 045 044 048 193 0 259 -0 336 0 422 0 3.50 •© 442 1 428 •O 513 1 446 -0 439 . . 449 .. 428 ... 443 . . 485 ... 473 ... 365 ... 393 ... 502 ... 514 ... 509 .. 529 ... 539 ... 590 .. 680 ... 691 683 ... 645 639 ... 671 .. 615 ... 841 . 853 ... 875 ... I 41 61 77 1872 1873 1874 76 84 03 1875 ... 1876 1877 98 05 84 1878 1879 . -. 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901* Average •983 3 •078 •124 2-250 1132 132 062 496 ... *The calculations for 1901 were based on a population of 5,338,883 as per figures supplied by the census oflBcials while those from 1892 to 1900 inclusive, were based on approximate figures. REPORT OF THE MINISTER XIX SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 "S ° S O !$ ^ f> O -3 - OJ •IH CD •2 % > > o © ^ d d d •n o u n en *5 m 1^ (B a_g O 0, • r3 -^ 0) ^ O -^ o rt 0*0 H O Q CO •S d 0 1-5 & '^ !«: d 1 ^ H © ^^ XJl N : : :S ^ CO Tj C .^ ^ O o o © u ... 1* Tl W ■^ - ■ ■Ol C5 ^ o . . . •* •^ m o ■ . . to • 8 o . .CN . o o © o o • © CO 1- • © 6 ^ o 05 . o OCIO • OS o C5 d fcfiO © 6 lO lO c; ■ © ^ t-OCl . 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CO ^ . 1-H . . to H •-fl • • bD C3 ■j: antreal . terborou ronto . . innipeg 1 M^^ XX IXLASD BE VENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 • o o * -«< o -W 00 W OD » '2-13 • •fl^ o . t^ b-T % ^6'^ o . a Ci • o c 1 o OJ .,_. • O C^ 1 (N ■*f !n« QQ .C e3 d .loeo c; , ^o| 6 •O © 1 o o . • •OC^ M -« ■t.i-i OD -2 •— *3 O '.to-v : Si O I-l ' ,^ . . -*l -J. . -* eo IS o • to d ^ o" '. s' ^ o ^ ; X X o o 3; o N X x" 1 d 5 5- X o ?0 Mir: X rH tc ■* X (M o co--^" ©" ^ Q i-H o r^ c -o o 1 s 03 o -o o 1 ©-iS cs X (M • O X cc -S 6 ,-1 -IM eo ^.1 i-T '.CQ -*!■ . o © o tff S o ^1 I-T ; 1 O s ^ o • © _2 -i (M • Cvf "S 05 T-4_ iH c -«^ I-T : 1-3" t— 1 !^g o o o © o -o IM cc s C^ c^ 0 0 0 0^ X t^ cc t-* t— "3 X SrS X X c3 ;^ 0 10 CO ©00 ■ ^ •^ — 0 1-H -t" cc t^ lO C-. xo t~ ^ 0 ^(MC^l b- » • 0 t^ • t- '^g*^ .s O C5 |"l ©" ; ©" 0 0 . 0 • 0 1 5S 0 •CO §5 1 © lO 0 0 • ITS 3^ CO 00 CO -CQ t^ >> o CO : co' p^ 15 6 1 ©■*i«0 © •>9< M 0 n C"] no x__cooo © 1 cf-^io* co' 5^. 0 X CO I-l ^ OX © ~~l~00 g X© © X l-H m INt--» 0 9 ^- y~\ Zl 1— ) 5 e3 z ^ >H © © © w TS ai ■'S' X (M s ■ t-© X H s'i ; t-T-* f-H* o Feed i No (Jr; Q • CO -«< © ■ ■ © -f . . •*! m — > Ci 1"^ cf ! (M" 0 ■* . . Tf to . . © _ • © © Mixed Re- jected, Ti • 0 ■CO CO 1 CO 6 .I-T 'Sw • 8 § o .2d 0 co" co' ©c ^ "O/vi ■ © © 35 r I-H ^j 0 • © • 5 ■ © • © to © •© ■ © p^s CO ! s? '. im" O CO . --H lO •^ ^ •© • © eo ■© • © 03 c^ • CO • iO o ^~ .C5 : © 6 ^^-^ O CO .© . © © 1^0 ■ t^ (N -*i © • © (M" CC CO t^ • © ^' © © © : o .-H © ■•© . CO ^ o 05 CO . CO^ 0 GO © ■ CO Tf< Xi iO • t~ I— ♦ CO UO CO © • 'CO d CO-rHC^" ! tc o ■*oo (jq . T s 1 1^ » 05 "©"" ■© © -* . ■•rf 00 ^ ^ IM CO 10 d -1^ CO . . CO ^ o © -^ © © •* CO =s 00 © 00 -fi © t» 0 t^ lM_CO © ■3 lo'coto' 10' 0 © CO t— ^ ^ « ■X. • ■ Eh .be treal.. , rborou nto . . nipeg. . 3 c H a <0 Q a s& 0 ^ 1 of o go > Q < Si; XXll INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Statement showing Quantity of certain Staple Articles of Canadian Commerce inspected, &c. — Continued. PICKLED FISH. FISH OIL. Seal Oil. Porpoise Oil. Cod Oil. Hake Oil. Herring Oil. 0 1 jT 3: Districts. No. 2 Pale. No. 3 Straw. No. 4 Bro'n. No. 2 Straw T-H ^ . r-i O CM A. i B. A. A. Fees. ^ ^ 0 a c w «: s K s ^ c m o5 w o » O b O D )h a E^ y c; ;.> u 0 EH PLH H M fQ n H ^ 05 tn H pq fiH H « M ffl H fi. 1 ! S cts. Quebec 1516 174117 1 3 '4 16 i35 151 570 ios 675 q 2 "io 4 95 45 St. Johu 324 324 '5 5 4 13 488 .. . 122 55 Lunenburg ■ 51 80 16 3 4 ^ 1 Totals 15 174 117 1 488 .. . 12 4 269 80 LEATHER AND HIDES. Districts. Leather Hides. Calf Skins. No. 1. No. 1. No. 2. No. 3. No. 1. No. 2. No. 3. Hamilton . , . . Sq. ft. 11,344 6,025 49,809 4,397 66,248 15,731 6,000 4,948 563 32,151 1,836 17,594 7,945 421 463 476 8,236 90 15,492 1,002 236 S cts. 837 75 Kingston . . 358 00 Toronto . . . 4,509 80 Levis .'.'.'... 315 15 Montreal 4,981 70 Quebec St. John 6,075 1,305 53 332 85 Totals 6,075 159,554 65,458 25,995 1 12,640 78 Inland Revenue Department, Ottaw.\, August 10, 1901. W. J. GERALD, Deputy Alinister. REPORT OF THE DEPUTY MINISTER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 zxm APPENDIX on* Statement of Seizures on account of Illicit Manufactures for Fiscal Year ended June 30, 1901. Divisions. Owen Sound. Perth Toronto . . Montreal . Quebec. St. Hyacinthe St. John, N.B. Pictou, N.S. . 4676 8 379 1047 1048 1049 1051 1055 1056 1058 1059 1062 518 519 522 74 Names. .Tames Stevenson . . . . F. W. Wilson & G. A. Burroug'hs R. Hamilton Henri Archambault. A. Lauzon G. Poirier Damase Bonvrette. Maxima Martel. . . Z. Leblanc . Henri Paquin. . . David Rousseau. . I. Archambeault . Joseph Ouellet. . . J. A. Delisle . . . . Geo. Gervais Pierre Perron. . . . 10.3, Geo. Gothers. 89 1 Unknown 90 -John Kennedy . . 91 'M. B. McDonald. 92 XTnknown 93 Neil McDonald. . 94' Dan. McEachern. 95 1 John McLennan. 5 00 3 00 12 50 3 40 1 00 1 00 8 45 12 80 3 00 20 30 1 10 6 50 5 00 20 00 10 00 3 00 46 00 12 00 6 00 28 00 12 00 35 00 8 00 Residences. Arron King Township.. Montreal St. Augustin Co. Montreal St. Pierre aux Liens Montreal Outremont . St. Antoine. . LTsle Verte. Quebec St. Casimir. . St. Denis, . . . June -Jan. Feb. Aug. July Acadiaville !Oct. Dates Antigonish jDec. Little Mabou. . . Jan. Upper Glencoe. Cape Mabou . . . Queenville Meat Cove Feb. Mar. Remarks. Dec. 27, '00 Fine imposed and col- I lected, -SIOO. Feb. 13, '01 1 No action taken. Dec. 3, '00 No action to be taken. .July 10, '00| Department of Justice for prosecution. M 16, Sept. 12, Dec. 29, Mar. 21, M 28, May 7, 15, '01 15, 12, 12, 2, 19, 19, 18, 24, 26, 7, 19, 18, 9, No action to be taken. Fined §100 and costs. Depai tment of Justice for prosecution. No action taken. Fined $100 and costs or 3 mos. in jail. Depar tmen t of .Justice for prosecution. No action taken. Department of Justice for prosecution. No action taken. Inland Revenue, OTTA.WA, August 10, 1901. W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. XXIV INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD Vli., A. 1902 s T3 ifi O efl H ^^ (P oS 5 09 O P=^ d ed (D OJ O X H «4-l o 49 G S3 O a ©©©©t:^0©t^©© >©©0©>Ot^CO©©© >©©©©r^cccocM©® <1-l>-ll-llH©IM©-t>l-li-l •*«C0K1 COt-i o N iM o (M m" t- rt ff © vc -- -r -^ -r -^ ^ lO I-l Electric Light Inspection Fees. «■ : :©©©©©©©©©©©©© ■© ; -g . . .0©©©©C©©©©00© •© • ■ • •©>n©c©©©©oi-';i.o©© 'lo g^ ■ ■ ■i-KMi-l-HrHr-l.-I^IMS'JOM.-KM -(M • ©©©©©©©©©©©©©© ©©©©©©©©©©o©©© 0©©©©©©©ir;ln•lr^©©© b-i-li-i^i-li-lr-li-iS^15..-I ■ • • -(N ■*"^' : ; ; :S 1—1 • • cq ■ • a • • fe : • 7,422 57 18,617 39 4,3.52 85 2,792 67 C o i5 ^ ! '. : 0© •© :©©©©©©©©©©©©© • • 0© •© •©©©©©©©©©©©©© • • 0© •© -ic© 0©t-©©©'£t©©©© ■ • joo •© ■ t^ 0 -T t^ '-C m tn ix oi 10 0 lO ^r 1-1 'CO- i-(i-IO'*» ?1 ->-(MlMi-l •• 20 00 111 00 220 00 120 00 i O O Deseronto Picton Trenton Kmbro Inger.soll Paris Port Dover Port Rowan Tilsonb'ir^ Woodstock Berlin (ialt Preston Salem Waterloo H Distillery. Dundas J. '> Napanee Alvinston Aylmer Dutton aj S fa5 Luean Parkhill Petrolea Sarnia St. Thomas Strathroy Waterford Divisions. i 1 Guelph Hamilton 1^ REPORT OF THE DEPUTY MINISTER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 XXV '25'66 20 00 " "25 Oo' 20 00 25 00 25 00 25 00 25 00 25 o6' 25 00 25 00 ""io'o6" 10 00 25 00 10 00 10 00 10 00 10 00 25 00 10 00 25 00 . ; . . ' 0 ;■;;;© ' • ' • -O - • (M ,^ : 125 64 551 94 "142 70 1 © • © © © • • ■ © • ■ in ■ . . . t- ■ © _© 00 in-in'-so M ••••©■© •© -co • '(M -t^ • ■ • -i-H -00 T-l • © • • CO • l-O • • • "*i -^ .•in--f--i-i--ti-- -Tf-co^^ .:•*'; ; ; ; ; . ; . co" in • 942 90 3,658 62 ""2",790'66' 1,261 80 "3,306 '75 8,886 15 16266" 33 .30 © ■ »n ■ © 00 O • t^ • • © ■ CO a -lO ■ c -in -f ■ T-l ■ 1. ■ QO ©__ ■ m • '— „ ■ "^i co" : (m" '. 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N .tH .M 1,254 61 "12,675 77 ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© • ■© •©© • ■ ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© ©©©©0©©©0 0©©0©©©©© • -lO •©© • • •©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© in©o©o©©o©o©©©©©o©'n • t^ -in© • •io©in©©©©©©in©©in©©i("jo©Loc.©©in (M T-l (M 0 -t< (M iM CO CO Cl IM I— in 1^ (M Cl T © • CO L- © © t^ C<1 © IM © © © C? CC in in 00 m O © O M t^ -* M 'J< o ,-i (M T-l M-f •■•i-i--t-Ii-I'MCOt— It-It-i^(MM IM 3 2 a '■ ^i ft '. '. • • a .2'^f ■1! .El. iborne ilhousie on : i h 11 te. Marie . . . u lie ■ 0 ■ 3 • 0 12— c XXVI I XL A XD BE VEX UEi> 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 m o ■73 a o ■o oi= s s o (j5 ^ ^ ^ 5si ~i o o o SOS => ■- iO ?1 (Tl M '^ O P3 o >^ T? ^. eS o CO .2 pt< o X Ei5 c '% o CO fn a s H c m © X X ~ t: -r s-i S5 :;■ ff. »^ >-< 1— t^ C5 O © © ©X — XC<)©O0©i-l ©cc©-H©©-T<©~; t-<^© © I- IM t^ t^ ^ TT -r~ ©' e^x'©co ©©©inr. x HE PORT OF THE DEPUTY MINISTER XXVll SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 CO o t 05 t^ C„ i- . . . 'f a: CO CO t- (M lO ^ CO (M 'XI CC o o o c^ C". 00 O CO lO ■* -t" C<5 O t^ © — < CO O lO cc 05 O OS O (M'"eo'"-r">-r CO iO ys (N 1-1 CO CO CO -^ CO ffq Oi CO ?Ci CO lO o » o o r— CC t^ 05 CO C5 t- i-H 1-1 O »0 CO i-l »0 CO O CS i-H o to W 0;05 O IC(M lO o o o (MO-fCiCClOrHlOI^OOTflOCM 1-1 c^ t-i ^ T-i eH gS^ -S 01 T' C-^ ? > CO C rt "" 3 -3:; oj oj 0) 6 3-:«a«aaziE6BitoSz < O ^ o g-2 ?5 1-2 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 A. 1902 FINANCIAL RETURNS, 1900-1901 12—1 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 FINANCIAL RETURNS m t^t^r-lO ODO. ■^ ; : T CC t^ 00 t^ i-l t~ i-H CO Nt^s^'t-^ c• * ,_^ :^ , ' •05 • 1-1 O i 7D S^' rH o ■ . O iH . ^ .:3 O"oo d ; ^in ^ IM c „• S^ 1 g cc RVICES. •So : c llpl ■w — " cS t-1-l r^i-i CD CO ^ o-ro5t~oo t^cocsi CO t^ t^x Oi ^ -^ t. -U Si . -5^ ©" cc 1 ' 12— U INLAND BE VENUES Dr. 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 No. 2.— GENERAL EXPENDITURES ^ >> o ^ o t-i o 01 o ^ a S a^O u o ■S T-t '?. JiirH P5 S cts. 49 08 21 94 EXPEXDITUKES AUTHOKIZED BY THE DEPARTMENT. Salaries. Con- tingencies. Seizures. Cullers' i Cullers' Fees. I Annuities. •S cts . ' S cts . 310,121 33j 90,910 53 5,950 00 2,002 37 12,250 00 44,285 43 20,073 30 5,859 70 .S cts. 369 73 3,860 15 S cts. 4,200 00 395 70' 49,787 64] 21,255 18 314 86; 16,729 52] 6,325 79j 348 60^ 2,400 00 6,359 37' 4,235 55 53,139 07: 1 85 S cts. 6,295 73 1,130 18 j 445,759 47 205,925 31 4,231 73 4,200 00 \ 6,295 73 >5 r O <» O) $ cts 343 98 75 (;0 7,798 30 16 66 193 26 212 88 8,640 08 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 10, 1901. Totals. b cts. 401,794 65 18,523 10 3,860 15- 40,143 54r 50,161 79^ 71,633 6a 23,583 05- 9,107 97 57,374 62 676,182 50. FINANCIAL RETURNS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 ACCOUNT, 1900-1901. Cr. Sebvices. Excise and Seizures, per Statement No. 4 Culling Timber, per State- ment No. 8 Excise Seizures, distributed per Statement No. 4, Ap- pendix B Sundry minor expenditures, k per Statement No. 12 Departmental expenditure, *" per Statement No. 17 . . . Weights and Measures, per Statements Nos. 20 (A) and 20(B). •Gas Inspection, per State- ment No. 22 Electric Light Inspection, per Statement No. 24. . . . Methylated Spirits, per Statement No. 25 Totals . $ cts 367 75 75 00 225 81 « 3J ^ .2 "^ O >, 0- 3 3j $ cts. 392,332 08 18,306 70 Deductions from S.\lakies for Superan- nuations . $ cts. 5,377 1)5 103 96 3,860 15 39,807 73 110 00 16 66 49,335 47 799 74 353 26 244 5(i 1,283 04 Insur- ance. Retire- ment . cts. $ cts. 71 76 70,656 23 361 99 23,071 89; 154 84 9,107 97 57,286 72 663,764 94 6,908 48 80 04 151 80 1,182 07 147 15 106 76 1,435 98 Guaran- tee. M afo la ^^' .$ cts. $ cts 2,413 06 49 08 37 44 9 92 34 96 5 00 87 90 2,589 18 49 08 Totals. $ cts. 401,794 65 18,523 10 3,860 15 40,143 54 ! 50,161 79 I 71,633 63 23,583 05 9,107 97 57,374 62 676,182 50 W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. Dr. IXLAyj) REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 EXCISE, No. 3. — Collection Divisions [For Details, see ! Balances due July 1, 1900. Amount accrued during the Year, including Licen.se Fees. Spirits. Malt Liquor. Malt. Tobacco. Cigars. Acetic Acid. Bonded Manu- factures. Seizures. S CtS. 250 82 626 34 " 1,036 48 510 41 111 53 2,037 26 769 06 S CtS. 118,749 87 24,255 23 11,857 79 467,585 58 202,323 81 39,516 99 75,995 56 257,3.39 65 17,777 66 66,056 71 27,656 85 16,134 86 94,766 13 19,870 85 .32,074 29 652,714 67 .344,384 55 S CtS. 50 00 150 00 "3.56'6o 150 00 100 00 .300 00 100 00 .300 00 20000 50 00 150 00 100 00 2.50 00 650 00 1.50 00 S CtS. 4,226 42 11,449 99 77,364 .51 6.5,751 95 55,406 71 68,626 22 5,907 58 17,204 54 100 00 12,196 42 1,622 58 23,064 24 14,5.34 95 28,208 50 189,463 30 36,602 83 ■S CtS. 2,977 60 6,726 40 .365 75 19,081 03 334,236 48 19,070 82 70,488 17 41,464 98 37,714 40 12,947 38 145 30 2,8.55 74 1,242 90 4,740 75 7,785 20 198,849 64 17,231 07 S cts. 1,641 00 S cts. S cts. -S cts. 50 00 21,803 37 "33",.372'i5 47,207 19 22,936 20 173,673 27 511 50 2,868 00 1,056 00 644 10 3.151 ?3 6.079 80 1,485 42 45 00 117 48 10 00 340 98 3 56 ' 213 85 352 45 308 50 3,125 98 385 28 ! 522 89 4,810 50 8,341 35 10,642 74 48,897 75 11,504 52 300 00 "12,657 98 400 00 7 50 '8, 620 '97 ""eooo 1 2,469,061 05 1 ! 10,591 83 72 94 9.741 24 904 64 1,683 20 3,0.50 00 611,730 74 777,923 61 389,909 64 8,620 97 23,474 58 293 54 4.5..326 49 1,095,247 86 424,472 91 138,443 64 29,230 63 77,593 07 65.400 83 24,626 04 50 00 525 00 200 00 100 00 20,8.59 28 1,69.5,739 19 114,839 51 144,290 43 4,273 35 290,805 74 24,522 40 39,229 46 147,587 55 5.5,814 74 17,036 78 288 65 9,829 42 4,010 40 1,669 19 693 30 97 40 182 45 218 98 1,556 61 2,333 65 2,191 20 5.415 66 5; 025 36 5,076 63 4,026 36 25 00 '3,29.5 .57 15,916 .57 ! 1 1,900,341 47 875 00 220,439 07 1,981,809 87 374,348 60 : 288 65! 19,535 37 998 15 2,392 14 1 1,442 62 128,898 30 100 00 13,529 04 96,982 69 11,673 51 1,232 21 i 3,834 7C 128,898 30 100 00 13,529 04 96,982 69 11,673 51 1,232 21 217 00 67,596 32 200 00 36,753 84 106,226 96 29,917 85 3,744 54 5,860 50 i 6,077 50 67,596 32 200 00 36,7;j3 84 136,114 81 3,744 54 •970 01 1,968 21 .50 00 1,9.36 05 48,416 55 FINANCIAL RETURNS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 1900-1901. in Account with Revenues. Appendix A.) Or. other Receipts. $ cts. 792 25 940 00 85 00 4,92.3 05 1,694 28 523 85 221 00 .334 50 180 00 405 20 60 00 80 00 196 87 140 00 80 00 3,459 45 6,221 14 Total Duties accrued. 20,336 59 1,140 00 3,132 62 922 75 192 70 60 00 705 03 60 00 40 00 6,253 10 r22 05 722 05 38() 16 60 00 446 16 20 00 S cts. 128,487 14 68,476 32 12, .308 54 602,676 32 657,413 5<; 139,084 99 389,304 22 305,775 69 76,054 60 80,565 29 40,906 23 20,743 18 121,538 14 47,727 90 79,040 73 1,114,773 76 416,494 11 Total Debits. 4,304,400 72 . 71,649 12 3,243,849 33 624,880 11 341,144 ()5 29,290 63 89,321 73 72,819 84 31,933 87 4,504,889 28 253,137 80 253,137 80 $ cts. 128,737 96 69,102 66 12,308 54 603,712 80 657,953 97 139,196 52 391,341 48 306,544 76,054 60 80,906 27 40,906 23 20,743 18 124,751 99 48,080 35 79.349 23 1,117,899 74 416,879 39 522 89 Divisions. 4,314,992 55 71,722 06 3,253,590 57 625,784 75 342,827 85 29,290 63 89, .540 71 72,819 84 31,933 87 3,295 57 4,520,805 85 255,529 94 1,442 62 256,972 56 214,907 82 215,124 82 29,977 85 244,885 67 52,390 81 29,977 85 5,860 50 250,963 17 .53,360 82 . Belleville .Brantford .Cornwall .Guelph .Hamilton .Kingston . London .Ottawa . Owen Sound .Perth.. . Peterborough Port Arthur .Prescott . (St. Catharines . Stratford .Toronto .Windsor .Suspense Account. Ontario . Joliette , . Montreal . Quebec .Sherbrooke .Sorel .St. Hyacinthe .Three Rivers . Victoriaville ...... .Suspense Account. . . . Quebec .St. .John .Suspense Account. .New Bi-unswick. . Halifax .Pictou .Suspense Account. Nova Scotia. Deposited to the credit of the Receiver General .Charlottetown, P.E.I. !» cts. 128,720 41 68,676 80 12,308 54 003,502 56 6.56,777 52 1.38,733 69 .389,570 09 306,544 75 76,054 60 80,755 53 40,707 64 20,743 18 124.365 15 47,906 94 79,050 83 117,194 01 415,983 03 4,307,595 27 71. 3,245, 625; 341, 29, 88, 72, 31, 693 305 232 103 290 842 819 933 4.506,222 09 253,126 97 253,126 97 213,980 51 29,977 85 243,958 .36 Balances due •June 30, 1901. !S Cts 17 55 425 86 ""2io'24 1,176 45 462 83 1,771 39 150 74 198 59 ' "386'84 173 41 29S 40 705 73 896 36 522 89 7,397 28 28 25 8,285 44 552 00 1,724 16 "698 34 3.295 57 14,583 76 2,402 97 1,442 62 3,845 59 1,144 31 5,860 50 7,004 81 53,015 52 345 30 Total Credits. •S Cts. 128,737 96 69,102 66 12,308 .54 603,712 80 657,953 97 139,196 52 .391,341 48 306,544 75 76,0.54 60 80,906 27 40,906 23 20,743 18 124,751 99 48,080 35 79,349 23 1,117,899 74 416,879 39 522 89 4,314,992 55 71, 3,2.53, 625, 342, 29, 89, 72, 31, 3, 722 06 590 57 784 75 827 85 290 63 540 71 819 84 933 87 295 57 4,520,805 85 255,529 94 1,442 62 256,972 56 215,124 82 29,977 85 5,860 50 250,963 17 53,360 82 INLAND REVENUES Dr. 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 EXCISE, No. 3. — Collection Diyisioi^ {For Details, see Balances due July 1, 1900. S cts. 1,277 56 1,277 56 4,022 75 163 28 4,186 03 Amount Accrued during the Year, including License Fees. Spirits. T^i^l^ § cts. S cts. 291,223 66 325 CO 29,522 89' 200 00 320,746 55 525 00 Malt. 172,451 13i 1,450 40 119,712 09 318 50 S cts. 28,57i{ 21 8,775 05 37,348 26 30,955 47 24,637 68 Tobacco. 292,163 22 1,768 90, 55,.o93 15 42,854 26 5,180,775 12; 6,568 90 I 52,697 451 5,128,077 67 6,568 90 S cts. 189,526 99 2,564 49 192,091 48 67,506 22 36,973 05 104,479 27 Cigars. Acetic Acid. S cts. 27,572 40 222 30 27,794 70 18,873 80 11,088 90 29,962 70 977,330 15 3,337,848 28i 837,433 69 76,952 12 50,515 15 ! 37 50 900,378 03 3,287,333 13 837,396 19 S cts. Bonded Manu- factures. 8 cts. Seizures. S cts. 8,909 62 8,909 62 44,242 16 150 00 44,092 16 1,291 69 55 00 1,236 69 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 10, 1901. FINANCIAL RETURNS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 1900-1901. in Account with Revenue — Concluded. Appendix A.) Cr. Total ^ Duties accrued. Total Debits. Divisions. Deposited to the credit Balances Total Credits. Other Receipts. of the Receiver General. due •June 30, 1901. $ cts. 737 10 150 00 $ cts. 537,958 36 41,434 73 $ cts. 539,235 92 41,434 73 . . Winnipeg Calgary $ cts. 538,384 .30 41,380 03 S cts. 851 62 54 70 S cts. 539,235 92 41,434 73 Manitoba andN. W.T . . . . Vancouver 887 10 579,393 09 580,670 65 579,764 33 906 32 580,670 65 660 00 140 00 291,897 02 192,870 22 295,919 77 193,033 50 290,015 66 192,910 20 5,904 11 123 30 295,919 77 193,033 50 . . . .British Columbia . . . Totals 800 00 484,767 24 488,953 27 482,925 86 10,426,608 40 6,027 41 488,953 27 29,465 00 10,423,864 61 180,707 22 10,466,718 87 40,110 47 10,466,718 87 300 00 . . Less— Refunds as per Sta . .Net Revenue. tement No. 16. 29,165 00 10,243,157 39 T r. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. 10 IXLAXD REVENUES Dr. 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 EXCISE, Iso. 4. — Collection Divisions {For Details, see Balances due by Collectors, Julyl, 190L Amounts received from Depart- ment to meet Expen- ditures. Deductions fbom Salaries for Super- annua- tion. Insur- ance. S cts. 1 43 98 •S cts. S cts. S cts. 23 77 67 75 7,760 27 8,746 76 1,074 2.5 15,988 20 20,016 13 8,558 49 18,315 46 6,268 55 5,147 98 7,273 18 3,955 97 1,099 63 10,434 91 4,538 44 6,0.50 98 35,260 04 18,992 72 8,015 18 187,497 14 4,056 40,982 14,404 6,836 1,002 3,834 2,046 1,178 4,701 152 67 144 03 20 00 323 72 361 18 160 .34 349 08 49 11 77 88 67 96 47 96 10 96 179 88 100 52 110 88 634 71 360 27 136 00 3,296 15 28 04 643 42 221 08 61 40 20 00 28 22 39 00 24 52 42 00 79,043 40 1,107 68 7,9f,l 97 2,893 46 10,885 43 10,859 63 1,978 91 12,838 57 155 07 50 00 71 76 Retire, Gua- ment. ! rantee. •$ cts. S cts. 6 711 76 52 6 711 110 191 24 60 29 52 3 60 50 40 71 52 28 08 Balances due to Collectors, June 30, 1901. Totals. Divisions. 65 48 180 00 35 58 159 87 61 98 2 15 23 15 6 71 1 24 224 01 30 00 S cts. I 8 cts. 7,988 23 8,996 83 1,097 85 16,369 03 20, .559 02 8,746 91 58 68: 1 18,860 46 23 16 1 6,520 82 15 12, .5,276 .56 32 76 1 7,533 77 71 76 990 30 205 0( 213 96 19 96 75 80 372 46 25 04 156 35 87 99 19 84 125 00 862 48 14 34 6 IS' 36 48 . 16 56 17 42; . 125 881 . 68 401 27 00 . 49 08 649 70 49 08 16 50 150 84 44 64 26 64 3 60 20 15 6 48 5 52 18 00 292 37 29 04 9 00 38 04 4,080 25 1,151 69 10,674 42 4,662 23 6,180 52 36,244 64 19,500 47 8,178 18 192,621 88 4,177 17 42,149 03 14,695 41 7,080 53 1,025 95 3,970 42 2,092 30 1,228 36 4,886 76 81,305 93 8,176 08 2,952 46 11,128 54 233 92 100 00 200 00 2,242 871 43 96 200 00 14,464 74 3,716 29 3,637 15 208 45 43 04 50 00 21,818 18i 301 49 34 96 1 38 161 ! 11,111 75 6 48' ! 2,040 34 34 96: 44 64 13,152 09 144 72 60 00 1204 72 6 48 51 12 12 24 9 00 72 36 2,393 31 15,069 03 3,831 57 3,696 15 22,596 75 .Belleville . Brantford . Cornwall Guelph .Hamilton . Kingston .London , Ottawa . Owen Sound .Perth.... . Peterborough . Port Arthur . Prescott . St. Catharines ... .Stratford . Toronto .Windsor . District Inspectors . . . Ontario . Joliette .jSIontreal . . . Quebec . Sherbrooke .Sorel.... , St. Hyacinths ■ . Three Rivers . Victoriaville . District Inspectors . . . Quebec . St. John .District Inspector . . . N'civ Brunswick . Halifax . Pictou . . . Nova Scotia . . . Charlottctown .Winnipeg .Calgary, N.W.T . District Inspector . . Manitoba and N.W.T. FINANCIAL RETURNS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 1900-1901. in Account with Expenditures. Appendix B.) XI Balances due to Collectors July 1, 1900. Expenditures authorized by the Department. Balances due by Collectors, June 30, 1901. Totals. Salaries. Seizures Expendi- ture. Special Assistance Rent. Travel- ling Expenses. Sundries. $ cts $ cts. 7,244 89 8,086 11 1,000 00 15,154 37 19,575 01 8,022 50 17,675 00 6,059 10 4,612 50 6,996 73 3,641 11 1,0-14 62 10,263 55 3,889 38 5,574 99 $ cts. 0 15 ■■■■ ■2'6o $ cts. 290 96 $ cts. 5000 $ cts. 215 45 480 79 6 85 461 77 74 73 92 25 148 04 37 00 403 25 156 05 58 50 56 85 31 30 211 10 362 80 570 30 437 35 1,063 88 $ cts. 186 80 379 93 89 00 449 11 243 80 $ cts. 43 98 .$ cts. 7,988 23 8,996 83 1,097 85 16,369 03 20,559 02 8,746 91 18,860 46 6,520 82 5,276 56 7,533 77 4,080 25 1,151 69 10,674 42 4,662 23 6,180 .52 36.244 64 19,500 47 8,178 18 192,621 88 166 86 665 48 136 92 ""276 00 80 00 362 16 319 65 262 25 135 81 213 56 340 00 50 22 257 15 146 58 17 85 27 90 3443 40 64 619 92 134 57 125 00 133 00 22 42 1 00 100 00 366 17 48 00 242 73 509 58 214 34 164 30 34,183 99 » 18,627 70 6,800 00 7 38 904 06 100 00 69 33 72 00 150 00 49 0^ 49 (A \ 178,451 55 159 77 3,348 02 1,134 25 4,868 26 4,566 97 43 98 3,917 65 38,014 81 10,909 91 6,202 87 1,000 00 3,214 43 1,950 00 1,097 03 4,600 00 ""57'95 47 47 12 30 15 18 2,267 82 2,749 68 116 00 814 10 461 41 402 09 8 05 228 61 67 35 24 40 252 13 128 34 994 35 .526 94 271 27 17 90 248 06 74 95 76 93 34 63 4,177 17 -12,149 03 14,695 41 7,080 53 1,025 95 3,970 42 2,092 30 1,228 36 4,886 76 ""i92 00 183 32 96 00 ""3000 70,906 70 117 72 5,216 00 318 00 2,374 14 2,373 37 81,305 93 7,879 13 2,500 00 10,379 13 82 48 436 68 519 16 214 47 15 78 8,176 08 2,952 46 230 25 11,128 54 10,710 00 1,700 00 12,410 00 150 04 113 31 251 71 134 79 11,111 75 2,040 34 92 24 92 24 2(53 35 386 50 13,152 09 2,200 00 30 00 63 31 100 00 2,393 31 1 13,071 25 2,900 00 2,500 00 730 00 61 31 180 00 90 00 619 55 572 15 1,097 90 268 23 208 11 98 25 200 00 15,069 03 3,831 57 3,696 15 18,471 25 791 31 270 00 2,289 60 574 59 200 00 22,596 75 12 IXLA XD Its VENUES Dr. 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 EXCISE, No. 4. — Collection Divisions (For Details, see Balances due by Collectors, July 1, 1900. Amounts received from Depart- ment to meet Expen- ditures. Deductions from Salaries for Balances due to Collectors, ■June 30, 1901. Totals. DlVISlON-S. Super- annua- tion. Insur- ance. Retire Gua- ment. rantee. -S cts. S cts. 11,312 70 8 cts. 30 00 Sets. 1 S cts. S cts. 3C6 50 43 56 S cts. S cts. 11,692 76 5,277 74 3,293 94 . . Vancou ver 5,132 90, 109 68 3,234 941 50 00 15 00 20 10 9 00 . .Victoria . . District Inspector 19,680 54, 189 68 i321 50| 72 72 20,264 44 ... British Columhia. ... 352 40 217 73 3,696 75 1,412 93 6,365 28 2,002 29 695 00 11,188 19 352 40 217 73 3,696 75 . .Chief Inspectorof Inland Revenue . . Inspector of Bonded Factories . .C-eneral K\-i)pnditurp. . . 1,412 93i . -Leeral P^xnenses 6,365 28 2,002 29 695 00 11,193 95 5,489 83 70 78 20,492 09 6,342 68 . . Printing . . Stationery ..Lithographing, Engrav- 5 76 ing, &c . . Preventive Service 5,489 83 ..Commission to Custom 70 78 20,492 09 6,342 68 Officers . . Commission on sale of Stamps for Canada Twist . . Tobacco Stamps . . Duty-pay to officers in charge of most impor- tant establishments. . . 367 75 392,332 08 5,377 95 71 70 2,4H96 1,182 07 49 08 1 401,794 65 .... Grand Totals Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 10, 1901. FINANCIAL RETURNS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 1900-1901, in Account with Expenditures — Concluded. Appendix B.) 13 Balances due to Collectors, July 1, 1900. ExPENniTURES AUTHORIZED BY THE DEPARTMENT. Balances due by Collectors, June 30, 1901. i Totals. Salaries. Seizures Expendi- ture. Special Assistance Rent. Travel- ling Expensfes. Sundries. $ cts. $ cts. 7,631 51 4,421 31 2,500 00 $ cts. $ cts. 1,941 27 397 98 $ cts. 826 00 120 00 $ cts. 704 55 172 85 793 94 $ cts. 589 43 165 60 1 cts. $ cts. 11,692 76 5,277 74 3,293 94 20,264 44 14,552 82 2,339 25 946 00 1,671 34i 755 03 ' 317 40 179 19 35 00 38 54 3,696 75 1,412 93 6,365 28 2,002 29 695 00 388 75 5,489 83 70 78 20,492 09 6,342 68 352 40 217 73 3,696 75 1,412 93 6,365 28 2,002 29 695 00 11,193 95 5,489 83 70 78 20,492 09 6,342 68 2,749 88 6,437 70 1,617 62 49 08 310,121 33 369 73 18,132 28 2,698 25 14,100 06 55,979 94 343 98 401,794 65 W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. i 1 14 IXLAXD REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 O m l-H Eh o o <^ O I— I vA P * N — o' iaz' i-T « IZ »— 4 CO ». i •so 1 • 1 s ^ -*©©©© © M 1 t~ 5_5 so o X© o © c c. -> t ^ g 1 -g 4^ ^ e ki w ^ i|S2S O '^ 1 §t! i O •!5 ^ s 1 > 05 i 5:c 11 -»J OQ ^ o H bO X ^gS§2 © cc t^ u iT. X H ^ y x -o © © » ccrr c; PS ^-^ m- P5 -c >. 1 1 O 1 iZ! <: Jz; . T. -K© OO© © cc I— lances duo ily 1, !I(H). o X © O © O X o o oe0 IMO CO ■©©©©©©© •© O © © © © © • o iffl © '^i i-( in c -"3 T3 t< !C so 0 o ml— II— I C a) IJ j_> s-( c^ ;; • ^M 5 5 -■;i'-c >^^ 5^ ?^ =1^' c'-^i; O O " " fttOMW '^ s s': S cq > ^11 III. Sj ij] g :zq o o pL( p^ pu pLi cs'o'o'P^ CO r^ sP^' -4-3-43 til. '*r W C C " '-^ '* C S "l* ® >^ " £.9 ^ 22SSS2SS?2''^-2£'®22®'='®<='0©©©©© ©©©©©©©©iO©t^ ©©©©©©©©©© o©©©© i21O=SOO©-* Cs « o- «r 3 €© g «: ^ . T 1 "* — ?i -« 0 oc oc _2 0 cs a >5 § c c ». ^ a!" be-- aj'a'-< 5; a; .r^ ^ ,tj T3 0 i: 3 b tiD ^„ " ro €^ oc " go P3 > cs «'g 5: a H a 5-S ^ _ (^ -2 ir 0 Cs ft - 0 •£ t> Tt Szi IT CT ""I S >> c oc o- €© IT SS pa s 1 T3 12—2 18 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 O o 05 tH O <=> Oi T-< .— ^ eq cc; .H t^ -T3 H <» ►H w- P i^i. Sz ^ W 55 •FM «0 X ^ w •<* P5 ft ~ =" 5S '3 05 C5 (M ly "o t-T in_ GO ^ r^ 1-H ."o? alances due une 30, 11)01. 1 8 in M ^ 1 0^ §H 02 \ ^v^ C5 O in s €^ (M ! A '~ I '.- 1 s s P^ 1 ¥ o-^ •^ "^f V. * to -* in 00 fe c 01 15 o © «5 02 lO in , «> h is 0 ! "3 < ; " t i> op. "* ! -c' 0 ■ ; CD 3 • • g^ ' o s^ 2 c c o 0) 0/ ^ '-5 -2 H a> a .% r» ^ ^ ^ q Ct' P-t 02 1 -3 ■2 S OS in in X © © ir^ 1-H 5q n tH o Oi T-H Toti o i-H 00 rH 5 02 IONS iIK« FOB 1^ -2 2: So OS § < H II r-t 2 &. 1 02 S go S re CO ift 00 1 P -§ w t- © IM 1 c- > eceive from partm 0 nice enditi lO lO to Si 5g H o" 00 P^ tH Q s . S o "S o 8 alanc due ulyl 1900. 1ft bi t— 1 fa ^ STATISTICAL RETURNS 19 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 -2 t^ f © c 73 © © — O t^lC o c Sc O ©® © M (M 1-1 fO C t^ en © CD CO 1 — , €© eo^ r- o 3 "» g^ ?= o '"' *" o H i-ToT m ^* 03 •eo S i r-l 1^ -2 o m ■*© 1 '^ JE'i °-S CD c <£ IT P3 ^ 2; 1 ( o rh ^ Hi s 7" — 09 if O < <: a o P t> t> 03 a> ft o C3 ^ t.'^ s^ rt " 03 o €© ■ ' < O 00 r-Teo P^ 1-5 — fl X iS t^ •s t^ S-^i !a © © © K K C o . o t-- • © l^ o c Q o© © -< O Z ■< ►J e© ' o 1-1 ! ft €© in cc r-Tco »n 1^ 1— 1 M 1 12— 2i IX LAND REVENUES Dr. 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 No. 11.— SUNDRY MINOR REVENUES, 1900-1901. Or. Accrued during the year ended June 30, 1901. $ cts. 322 00 211 00 4 30 537 30 Totals. § cts. 322 0.) 211 00 4 30 537 30 . Fertilizers Inspection Fees . Adulteration of Food Fees. . Casual Revenue .Totals. Deposited to the credit of the Receiver General. $ cts 322 00 211 00 4 30 Totals. $ cts. 322 00 211 00 4 30 537 30 537 30 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 10, 1901. W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister, STATISTICAL RETURNS 21 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 PP Si. ?iH 03 o5 CO s l-~ -* "8 T-l CO lO !£ t^ -f ^ CO c« m CO C:. -V o S^ 00 "^ $^ H s" T» c S: alance due ine 30, 1901. i "^ t> t-- - ^i i tionery to o 1-1 o c 1 i m M ;' '/3 O t ti, O cc ? H^ •^ (^ lO o- 1 1 £ e© 55 1-- t> (H p» Ph 1 m »5 ;d ~i^ © ^_ CD 00 c t^ « O S G c ec Ifl c- CD 00 iT O Sj m « C CO «: I-H «J 30 © ^ o a o 'fcH r2 o c 1 lO IT c© t~ IC S^ 02 o' 05 ' 11 _ O „ O C -M _ . o Tt o ?5 in c (M rt H PS -f^ --I oD 39 (1 » o C 2 ? c o c ■2 c^^^-S -4^ '^ i; flj -4-5 o o c u bo © c P S §2|N e© I-H '- P - Q cc «s *3 (B o t^ o- l^ o- -S-o 4; -k^ s C<5 o- CO t> Amoun receive from Departm to mee Expendit m oc as c cc •* •^ ■" c- o CO c^ » -< I 1-5 <» - S iH 1- 125 1 O ,-1 . o 00 cc )— 1 alan due uly 1900 €© II " R— 4 22 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 No. 13. — Statement showing the quantities of the several articles subject to 1899, 1900 and 1901, and Aktioles Subject to Excise Duty. [Spirits Totals Malt Liquor, the duty being paid on malt. Malt. Cigars — Foreign Canadian . . . Combination . Totals . Cigarettes — Foreign Canadian .... Combination . Totals. Tobacco from Foreign Leaf .1 Canadian Leaf. . . . II Combination Leaf . Snuff [Canadian Twist Totals........ Raw Leaf Tobocco, Foreign . Total Duties on Tobacco and Cigarettes Inspection Fees on Petroleum Vinegar 1899. Quantities. Ex-Manu- factory. E>- Warehouse. Total. Gallons. 5,5711 Imported. \ Gallons. 2,404,599 *137,825 Duty. 5,5711 2,542,424 21,101,873 Lbs. 19, 121 : Lbs. 46.193,701 Gallons. 2,410,170 137,825 2,547,995 21,101,873 Lbs. 46,212,822 No. 71,664,873 775,750 524,815 No. 55,577,730 245,900 130,000 72,965,468 55,953,630 100,609,828: 141,000 392,500 100,609,828! 533,500 Lbs. 719,987 1,564,167 263,906 218,225 2,766,285 Acetic Acid Licenses, Spirits Malt Liquor. Malt Cigars. Tobacco Vinegar .... Acetic Acid . Petroleum . . . Lbs. 6,385.800 622,2«0 88,299 84,115 7,180,474 10,239,863 No. 127,242,603 1,021,650 654,845 128,919,098 100,750,828 392,500 101,143,328 Lbs. 7,105,787 2,186,427 352,205 218,225 84,115 9,946,759 10,239,863 S cts. 4,566,147 06 41,347 41 4,607, 4ui 47 ->1 00 843,193 34 763,467 25 3,064 95 1,964 54 768,496 74 302,252 49 588 75 302,841 24 1,776,457 27 109,321 37 17,610 28 39,700 85 4,205 76 2,250,136 77 1,067,656 40 3,317,793 17 46,059 81 31,594 41 15,977 91 2,125 00 6,750 00 6.275 00 12,822 50 2,375 00 1,900 00 100 CO 9,663,014 35 * Spirits imported for use in the manufacture of crude fulminate, on which duty at the rate of 30 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 10, 1901. STATISTICAL RETURNS 23 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 Excise Duty taken for Consumption, during the years ended June 30, the Duty accrued thereon. 1900. 1901. Quantities. Duty. Quantities. Duty. Ex-Manu- factory. Ex -Ware- house. Total. Ex-Manu- factory. Ex- Warehouse. Total. Gallons. 493 Imported . Gallons. 2,523,576 *134,969 2,658,545 Gallons. 2,524,069 1.34,969 $ cts. 4,778,352 20 40,490 72 Gallons. 914 Imported. Gallons. 2,707,919 *155,117 Gallons. 2,708,833 155,117 $ cts. 5,131,739 99 46, .535 13 493 2,659,038 4,818,842 92 914 2,863,036 2,863,950 25,108,254 5,178,275 12 23,309,172 23,309,172 498 90 25,108,254 68 90 Lbs. Lbs. 60,284,064 Lbs. 60,284,064 904,262 81 Lbs. 1,104 Lbs. 64,722,512 Lbs. 64,723,616 970,855 15 No. 70,693,362 1,256,590 2,534,520 No. 61,799,185 429,550 1,328,500 No. 132,492,-547 1,686,140 3,863,020 794,965 41 5,058 42 11,589 06 No. 71,874,913 1,942,666 3,472,940 No. 61,272,370 166,300 2,367,700 No. 133,147,283 2,108,966 5,840,640 798,889 88 6,326 89 17,521 92 74,484,472 63,557,235 138,041,707 811,612 89 77,290,519 63,806,370 141,096,889 822,738 69 113,256,372 349,000 7'>,100 2,184,0.50 200,000 115,440,422 549,000 72,100 116,061,522 346, .321 26 823 50 108 15 119,343,584 "'741,666' 1,024,000 275,000 120,367,584 275,000 741,000 361,102 75 412 50 1,111 50 113,677,472 2,384,050 347,252 91 1,737,151 40 123,168 86 56,311 26 40.031 25 120,084,584 1,299,000 121,383,584 362,626 75 1,691,133 43 1.55,333 23 60,088 10 30,399 20 2,879 85 Lbs. 644,818 1,782,442 528,327 219,337 Lbs. 6,303,787 680,933 597,896 400 58,914 Lbs. 6,948,605 2,463,375 1,126,223 219,737 Lbs. 592,597i 2,624,18U 557,346* 199,795' Lbs. 6,171,934i 482 480J; 644,413" Lbs. 6, 764, .532 3,106,662 1,201,7.59* 199,795" 57,597 58,914 2,945 70 57,597 3,174,924 7,641,930 9,352,535 10,816,854 9,352,535 2,306,861 38 971,977 60 3,973,9201 7,356,425 9,848,8031 ll,330,345i 9,848,803f 2,308,460 56 1,026,265 72 3,278,838 98 5,502 71 28,192 25 9,546 96 2,375 00 6,675 00 6,275 00 14,0.30 00 2,800 50 2,000 00 . 100 00 2 on 9,891,555 92 3,334,726 28 42,067 16. 8,809 62 2,500 00 6,500 00 6,475 00 14,695 00 3,122 00 2,175 00 100 00 1 00 10,393,108 92 cents per gallon was collected and afterwards refunded, on the exportation of the fulminate. W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. 24 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 t>- 1-~ lO m o X c ~ 'T ^ r5 (Mr-ccor:^t^i^'MX Moxocioinoio T-ifi-rc;-fOco:r:x X CJ T)< O 50 C5 :C © (M ox CO r-ll^t- O C5 C5 O X '^ lO Tf< TtKM o X o t^o o 1~ =; -* N i-lCOCC t~?^ © in »;: m o CO t- I ^ 1 C-. 'f O t- «£> © m X -f © © rH i-H © in c(N cq rH© x-o r-lin © IM t^» © t^ O © Ci — in ~ 1^ ci m t^ s fl Di '^ "^ .2 •- ^ 0_bC : ' 2^02 2 ;c^;S 3 c Si-5 . J::H o;=S:? CK^O ."c P- iS r u is ptj O^C^-^^Z'-^^O Cm re -ti f-H oP.^ STATISTICAL RETURNS 25 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 < O O l^ •* t~ Tfn... S ' E g ii . -=-$ "— 2-=a3 ^ 5 3 = o-^-= ?^ g^ci ^.^ c-r; >. . (M CO ?0 C-1 CO -^ CO X © m rH I © Oi S-l "»< CO X 1 •>= c-c ►J X STATISTICAL RETURNS 27 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 t-hoICOOOOOtHjO cc 1-1 ■* i^i-H_o cc m Tf .T-ii-(l^(M-TiMlOCOO • O 4LJ lO 40 rH ■ X O "S" I- I— I lO lO ^ in o o o CO 05 t-^CO TT 00 IM -fi O M O O 05 c (M o in Ci i-T 00-1901.... Increase, 1900-1901 Decrease 1900-1901 247,259 05 268,257 78 253,987 06 296,948 65 310,946 07 274,512 96 320,103 90 315,9.55 10 321,780 161 309, .395 80 1 20,998 73 42,961 59 36,433 li 1,676 26 6.55;) 30 Pi-i CO iM t^ t^ rH CO iM in t^ — m t^ rH C-. -o t^ t^ io m Tfi O?0Ol0rflt-IMO©OC0l'-C0i-l-tlOi-llMTfi00 -tf^-ft^Oi-ft^l^lOTti CO •# OO IM rH 1-1 CO (M rH rH CO IM -^ ?0 t-h 00 lO S^ lO r-l © C^ ,-1 T-l t^ rt' rt rt 5aoooccaocccc'X>(X}(X>cdaooocc(x>cc(Xcccocoaocx> (M (M M o = = a )Xi-IIMO-*,-ICOI:^(NC5'XiXeOt^S;»00 l(M i-Hi-HIMS^IMWCq IM 2^3J3g^^5iS.2S'SH £ Qi E ?J^ uJ ffi '/I '>^ ^ -7S r-^ Et. r/^ J ^ C;OQCc;Oh:;giQgp:iM3;ggaaii-qffi,:gO^-^o£^i-3bai 32 IXLAXn REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 s re ?^ cc -^ w « — vc cc e~ ir — X ~ cc ~ i-- C-) i^ -^ — ^^ — ?M 1- cc ~ t^ ~. i>- m Tf -^ cc ^5 ^j CI '.5 r- — '^ cc i; i-C -I- cc »n o 1-- r; in -^ cc m c; o c b- to o ~ L" 'O t-- cv ?c 'M '^ c; "T CO OCOOOOOOXOOCCOOOOOOOOaOXOCXQOQOOOXODOOODf/OQOCOXOCaCOOCOXXOOODODOO l>.l>.t--l>.t^t-l^f~t-l>-t-l^l-t-«>.t^t^t>.t^t~t~t^(--t-.t^b-L-.t^t>-l~t-t~t~t^t-.|>- I C1 fN (N Cq W C-KM CI ?1 M W 'M N C-J W 5-5 IM C-l TIC^I ea s o O^ : - -^ % - zSf c "# T)< ^ T) "^^Md^l gf^'-^li Q .'!^H =5j PhO 5pm C3 J "*-• •— ' 5 (D '"S*"? fl' - :H-i IS C a S S 2 ■ t-=^-r O S ;? J* N ;HHk^ O :f4 Ph<5J 1^ p-i d.2S:3^ • u : be '7' ■ S 'QP3^ ;=yd .H .20 12—3 34 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWTkfJD VII., A. 1902 CC X1-CC'* O;3-*'*C^CCC0O Tf OC-(i— (»nt^S^C2XrH»Ort^CiC:©©rHO(MO. ^-^"©^©r-iMtOOt-b-CO©^:^' N C S = ? 5 C ^'E ^^ .;a^ jS is ^ ^~ . . . c3 d" g STATISTICAL RETURNS 35 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 OCOl^ C0C.t^t>.l>'t^t^t~^-t^t^t^t~t^t~t^t^l;^t^l>-t:^t^t--t~-t^t^t~l>.t^(^ iSiGiPiP®^^^ iHr-lt-l do ^"irif ip^gdj ^^'S as -2 r/1 NT r/l oopa Ph © -^ ^ c 1= t~ -^ -r -^ — t^ tr IS o c t>- c^5 — t^ -^ -^ ^ ir; cc r; c-*'-^'<*<-»'-t-'*'»*<'^rj - >-. X ( 2 tJ ^ X ^x ^ > > ^ ;-• J 'w 1 r^ ^r-rr — — zr-rrrrz--zz-----rrrrz^:rrrr- 1 ^ .g s 0) 1 2; Tl o X P3 : : :!^ ■ : S3 :p5 : : : : :^ • : '-"• ,2S --4 -.:_:.„:.- s^ . . .„• .„■ • • • ^- ' c c CS c^ • • • ■ 'ZCJkVI a ■ a ■ ■ • ■ ■ • : o -aiOr/i 2 • eS • ■ X t- ■ :g^'^=«J 2 • eS • ■ • • •.a • • : • g ooj :<«'^^ ^ j5 S^ ;<< :^g£ H^^ :|^J> E^ illlfilliiliWlilififfilli 11131^ 1 i^ = £<.^xSSx-iSS'j=:'j<^S^f^<:tSs;£c«S ?:<;h^-^Kc;^«. ^ ■^ 1 S Eh " STATISTICAL RETURNS 37 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 )':Ca50t^lOOOlOCOCilOOOOOTH©T).t~lO(MC^t~;Oi-i'»00-*C50DCOt^Ot^lMO UU l>- 'JO U» UN l^- UN T— I _^ ^— ' —^ 1,*^ ,^ s»^ ^^ ' 00 t— © '^ 05 O t^lO O O lO CO Ci lO © '~ — ^ ^ ,, .,^^^-^-. , _. _ ^...^-_, ,_„ ., «.„„ ^- ^ ,.-.,, ^ ,^ ,■ 05ioo5iM— iiOTH05mioi>-gim©fo ^^ ^ 00 CO O^ l>" T^ Oi lO ^-'•' uu UN -«^ ^•'•l I."* s^^ 1 — I i^ ^fc.' L^" .-H iniOrHt^t^ooioctioiot^Nj-nnTft l^ tH i-H CO »0 C5 loooiococot-t^cococococococococooiocoioinioior^ioi - - -- -. -, -, ^- Pk CZ2 :^l ' § " 3'cs o ".9"^ S -"ci =11 i^s lr-l,-(i-l,-i,-(tHTHi-lTHi-ii-lT-(IMlM!NCOt (r-lrHiHT-li-li-li-lT-l(M(N!NIM(M : o a; a2.a>- - c R 3 H S o : S o fc, „ s ^ ^ :o PQ c a . 0) 0) M ^ c^i!. pa o •2 c o :o :§. t- M M eo eo cc CO CO o o M o 05 s • O g ;« ^ • C c3 I I-l (N CO CO I-H l-H T-l I-H »H r-l i-( r- ,-H r- W N CO o •^ pS H -^ tv O p:<3 Q >-i sJ-^ ■ o ■ o O o c o O U o U O c ■ 0 a r- ■ o fl ■ o fl d o •o o •o o •U o m • o zn m • o CC 's^' !>■ < < < c 1 § 7-H O O i 01 C m ^ * ^ «3l -is! • :W Q ' i o S O-o " O Q Q - 3 <"^, o3 The.... aacs, A. elson, C. cDonald Drtier. J. . § : o c3 1— ; ^ o ■• in hig~§xxxxxxxxo© c^ ?5 e-3 s^ ^ m c-i cq ?5 (m c5M-*>«e<5e<5eo 5J O P^ P3 town .... ^ ^ , • c^ c - • ® It ■ 1 — 1 • 1— 1 . ,— 1 ^ ,i>-i 1-^ C =S - O C -tf ci : rt .^ . cS . c8 o eS -iSi o-^'-X-So- =^ai X aj _ 1/ *:> D "o 5 =i ^ i. -~"5"^ii3..--^J; i3 - ". s'-a = .§ ^CE ffip:si£^sss S o J25 :H :Q 02 , ,■'— , s -r o §1 i :0 Q^; !=M'-ri_: i;:- k^-t:;^: fS- ='"7: S~ C^ So O ST A TISTICA L RETURNS 41 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 i-IC0©IMX05rHT-IO'*l'XO O5C0C0O5O5O5CiO5C5X00CO OiCit>-t^t~t^r-t^t:^c^i(M bp ^ • d :o • o • o o • c« ri ^■' ^ •Si r .5! o =« ;' 13 H P5 <1 <1 PL, <«1 N h. tt <5 H » H 12; o Ec) > M M o ;2; ^ ;zi 42 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWAT^D VII., A. 1902 1 -^ n — z X cc IS — -5< ^^ 2P ,_^ • -fc3 w •V s in (M T-H I<1 x »4 F^ ^ '^ o j- X I<5 X o » X (M X ,_^ X IM ir: t>. CC €^ o Cn 55 t-- cc P^ ^ 1-1 o EH l-^ r- o la s~ 'ii u t: o -^ >-. - o -s o ~ SS Due b sundry i sons, June 3 1901. 4(i ;s ' -' 1-^ ^ ■/. o X 2 s o -1" CC X S2 c ^ %< • -.2 § ^ o § § 8 X ?? X cS m r c^ ^ "^ l^- tj -r :/: -»■ ~x o » H be c i bp i; '% ■£ 0) g J^ -| X ^ S 7. t— I ^ t^ 1 c 1 0 O >> '3 i 3 1 c o - J 1 s .2 J s be '-S t f - § ^ 1= H S £ ^ ^ w c M C5 X ec o iC. •* CC X c -t c; m IM IM CO (M t- X o o kT X cc X O c; X tj T-X 7-X ? 05 1—1 ^ cT ll o c c c f^S S& H 3 = i X l> o Ph |iil ! ^ c ^ s" 1 E5 ^ '"' cc ! — 5 li ^ H Pr« X c l~ — X CO • — iT *1* CC N l> WQ 1*N o c o W (M X :c ■^ ^^Jt 2 1^ X c X o 5S X N T-4 >f > S 1^1 = * i -1 i ^ o t>. 5^ l- CC ^ % 1 P^ 5-"tf5 t^ c : ? s -1 o a ■< ^big I St-: — — ^ x-r r. =;:; — S ~ ~ 03 i y ^ STATISTICAL RETURNS 43 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 _to CO g c<- x 0 b- . -^ CC IM ?5 ? i CO © OC iS Oj m CD © CD 0 Tti ^ IC 10 Tf 1 » 0^ rt ce c3 ; €# C5 CO 0 fe § '"^ e • M 5; s „ c^£ ;EM| 1 0 «-s S c S I * c"Ec5 s g 0) ^.5 +. rH >,M A >, m pq © 0 00 ir V. iS 00 CO lO IT t> [O 0 Tjl 0 CO 1- o~ c^ ,-1 CD 0 O- c^ il o H m T-H (M ^ ir i-T c^ 0 o- 0 1-1 CO -2 CO t> g 72 r^S-^ 0 C^l c^ cc s 1 0^ 1© v 5 CO 0 © c 1 — — 05 < k1 i s § 0 ; 0 iT • t- IM 1 *= c rH m 2 § m !S 0^ rH r- _o j^ © ■ © c c +:> VI 10 • in IT ir: 03 '^_2 2< 0 tH • f 1— b- S Lig Stan (S& CO CD ; 0 i> • cd' c CO ■- ^ t- ■* 0 • iO c IC S . 2 -2 © • © ir: ir 0 1© t- CO P3 <) - 1 H i2 S ^ 0 cc CD m 1 t-- ^1 Oj eS c3 cS m S ; 00 CO (M P ; ^ ^. K 1 ' • ' . OJ as a) ^ ^ ■ t> S '".'2 : 0 : g c p :-^§ — >5 : M , bo s : -^ w ir iz; <1 2 ^ :'3 • 2-2x® S ^ 1 I Q'T3-iJ-t>QaJo'-''-"^o'^'~ H H H H 4A INLAND BE VENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 0 a o |Z5 ft X ~ i^ iC -1- ir j c 1 [-©©It- 01 l-t-lO ^ ^ "5 M -r cc v; c ! c^ ~. c- -- 1 ■* N-r^; « t- CD b- CC 1^ n r- -t r— -^ — -t -^ ^ _ ~ IS 1 X ^ cs c^ X sc a: X 1 X 0 f^ n t- t- o s: 5^1 — . ?j X c^ X ^: -t t-O 't- t- 0 ?^ H -.S IM t- r-( OC r- 1 — -o c IW M " '" -* 1 " c<- -2 o •^ -t iS ^ c • © I— t— >- -<*< .-( m 0 cc CI • • 0 «>. IM ^ o o CC CC oeo ^-. ' 0 rH c: « ■^ -I'rM ■ X 0 m p^ IC « X ■* rH ^'M i 1 o O S5 C CI iC ^ t-rH C X ^ ■v^ 1 '^ ^ ,^ ■ z jj s < z, ^ © l-H l^ ^ C ff^ -^ O CC C— ^ ^ -^ S t— C0 "^ © ^ a O ::; i,-^ o cq c-1 e ^ ■M Ot X ~ -1" t--fCC IS u o ^ o 2 x I- cc -)< 0 •* iS t- cc xcr XCJt;^ *s CO t- 5; -r K i C r- X C .-« -t cc M y- ^ c -tf 2 .C o 5; cffx'is to'tr: •M 5sl ^ -2; O -^ w rc 1-1 .— s~ o -^ • la 0 ■ • "is 1 2- '? "^ -f 10 t- t- 1 o o> — X © © a £ J! 0 c^ -r X CI cq rt r "^ ^ 1 m| I i I >«. k OC ft,' 2; o 50 «1 .s s s > .= s' g 1 0 l-H 95 s lis MfflC C > Jl h %5 > 6 1 Is rH 1 1' i O O O "* IC cr 1-© c t- * t- t— iS ■* ._, N ■* c<; » c ec©o- ^ c:i -r cc © t- X u b-ooir; iM ^ -* t-o r- - © o e& :C Wt-rHX ' t^ ^'"»'^- C: X 1-4 s cT i-l IM '"^- © • -o © t-c<: © t- © -*< • -f ^ iS a •IM 1= 0 -^ »s ■* ©00 • X " . — -."^ o -*< o -* 1-H © rH iO C<) X • © a K S J 5 1 (M u: ir; t- IM !M IS • sa CC M ''1'"' « €€= T-T _ t- X D • KM'-' C in lO -^ IS * 1 ©t-© t> IN b-eo IS "Is .^ = - :„ T. J C-. -i< cc ■* c ^M «'» cq Z X 't - ^ < ^ S P s'H iJI-H^^ g 3 g t^ O i-S » ^ cc © © © "-H ir; X -r c^ :# '^iS — . X CC in CO .n -)■ i- IS 1 ©X t- ?3 0 C5 t- IS cc P: ^ ~ €€> -J-'-I-'n ■^"C'l X 1 x'cfcj C^ rH STATISTICAL RETURNS 45 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 5 © IT a > ) OS 1 V. CT 5£ oc .> ir IT t> •^ c- c- -* 1> S ister c s .'"jO (f. .^ l^ — J S cc 1 "" IT p- c i -t ?C c c- ly « 0- :, "* »r oc 0 (ir c -'- C ^ ss ? hi C^ Tf L'- iT IT ^ c- CC -t cc Cl- IT ■ ^ c cr O" ^ S E^ 1 ^ c ■^ te; q: c C ^ .5 E- 5; £ ^ t: s c„ ? s ^ t^ f- c- o IC cr c ■ o 0 '^ - 1 § o o 1^ «<1 c; ,3 ft S o 0 'P -* s ^ cc IS CO go P^ 0 « e Tf< 02 Cs ' ^ 46 Dr. INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARtJ VII., A. 1902 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES, 1900-1901. No. 19 (B). — Deputy Inspectors of the Old Divisions in Account with Revenue. Or. Balances due July 1, 1900. Cash on hand. Totals. Divisions. Balances due June 30, 1901. Cash on hand. Totals. S cts. 87 10 S cts. 87 10 S cts. 87 10 S cts. 87 10 Ontario 87 10 87 10 87 10 87 10 Hull 5 62 R R9 5 62 5 62 Quebec . Totals 5 62 5 62 5 62 5 62 92 72 92 72 92 62 92 72 W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 10, 1901. STATISTICAL RETURNS 47 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 r-i fl 13 C/J O w rS « p < ta; a -C5 -fCO 1-1 (M -rf lO 'X CO Ol' X to X t^ Ci O C^l Oi O^ C3 05 CD 05 -*i CO^^X^^X^O^-* co'~Oeo'"T)H"co" X ^^co CDiHOi O iM Ol rH (M CO x"io"i-r = -S * - Q |„(5 S a> (i O S 2 aa^u'Bj'Bnf) -9ai59'}j •QOU'BjnSUJ •uoii^'Bnu -u-BJadng o o o o o X -»< XX o © f O O 05 r-^ (M t^ CD ■* io CO T-H (r-H i-H CO X rH''C* 1 CO • CO 0 © ^ i; •saupung ^ g - i Oi X • © »S (M cc K €^ ■lO'OrH •^ i li-T V of i f^ 1 •sasuadxg; Sui^aA'BjjL "5 1 1-H © © -f X cc 1-1 X tH cc" 1—! E f^ ^ 00 § : © © § 0 , s •jnaa CI S • 1 K , 1 ^ m 1 i-H • f>i •-» 1 5 1 ^ i ^ ■• •"S" S 9DnB^sissY 0 S '■ 9S © ^ ^'Bioadg a& § ; ® © •< s i-T ; >-*" '-<" -^ s ~ •saanziag t> ,_( » & €# i "^ cc e2 ) 3 a2 3 H c q i T— i j ! Oi 1 ^ ir; :£ .— , -*| © © cc 05 t^ -2 c- t-o -»< 0 (M i-H S^l © cc '^ 1 'f. 0 ^ b-iC -If IM CC © iTi ?1 © 1 'a l> t^tc -t" t^ CO i-it^CC -r *v "o m CS ■*-*- 10 © t^ IC 0 1-1 ■^ 0 H *" larA "^ im' T-T tH • c © 0 ^ © tn H °Q ^ I- X ■* CI -* iH aa^u'BJ'Bn-r) 0 X © IQ -^ lO t^ m '"' '"' \ S P 1 < - i Ph <] P ? i •^uaxn % g -9Jl^8H m : CC J ; s Bd •ODUBJnSUI u © ^ s& X go •noiiBnu 0 ©5 S cc 0 © -UBjadng •^ C<5 X "* : i > Ph 1 ,_ T-© ,_^ -r CO ©ec© CO •sajni i Cv ©« C0 (M T^ 1-1 l^CC © in « 1 paAtao9J s;>unotuv m -^© 0 ©" im' 1-- 0 la 1-1 © !2i l-H •0061 J s ■ 'x •'^inf 'sjojoads © © -uj A(\ anp saou'Bi'Ba; €& iH FINANCIAL RETURNS 49 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 "WEIGHTS AND MEASURES, 1900-1901. Dr. No. 20 (B). — Inspection Divisions in Account with Expenditures, Cr. , Balances due by sundry persons, July 1, 1900. $ cts. 39 56 33 53 Totals. Divisions. Balances due by sundry persons, June 30, 1901. Totals. •f cts. 39 56 33 53 Essex $ cts. 39 56 33 53 $ cts 39 56 33 53 . ..... Waterloo Ontario Drummond 73 09 73 09 73 09 73 09 0 33 41 45 26 88 27 51 0 33 41 45 26 88 27 51 0 33 41 45 26 88 27 51 0 33 41 45 26 88 27 51 Laval Montmorency .... Richelieu Quebec .... 96 17 24 00 96 17 24 00 96 17 96 17 Lunenburg, Nova Scotia 24 00 24 00 W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 10, 1901. 1 50 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 O ;3 CJ 0 « 4d • -M .1-1 o fe- Oi T-\ -+j 1 d o S o 0 OS « iH 0 <1 CQ £3 p^ • l-l ^ < 0 H :3 S ,iJ ;h ^ -4-3 m <1 A h5 a. p a 03 ^ -t-3 ip8J0 aq^ o^ paVisodaQ • OOOOOiOlOlCOOOlCOOOlSO© jS IMC50?^©t^t^ c o o S a; o •siB^ox ioio©isio©mic©©©©ioio»o©m© Nt^©(Mt^©t^lM©inilO©IMIM5^©t-« t^ 'O rf" o cc eo i^ t^ i-H cc -^ri o c^ c c; oc ( MrH ^ C panssi sduiBqg • (MOO r-i di a :/:-§ Z X < i ^ 3 C r- ^ = S c Wir;©c.c3i-H g^ t^ ^ t" -f t-i CO ■* C O C^iH 05 Oi CO • S i-T ^ IH l-H r- CO CO' in in 8 § : 8 e CO 5£, . iD CO l^ 1— 1 8 1- o o o © iO in © in o o in © t^lM © ® 05 CO (M t-CO t~ 00 «D C5 ?! IM i-H O 05 05 -r C5 10 CO 1-^ '^ co~ ^ - i lO ^ ^ in © in "~©~ in © — v»*' t- o O N in t^ in in (M 00 cc CO 00 tr^m tH CO CO Hj I-H CO b- ©to 00 ^ t- > ; . • It ^ c in in © o IT C r^ t> o IT (M (M © »n V c o IT to oc in i^co m t~ C£ Ci IT o- (M -^ CO in 3 2 rH IT CO ?£ ©^^t-rH 05 c- Cf l-Tl-TrH co' ^ If ° t c tH I 1 • f ««-t^ ! c^ - 1 ^ G >^ 7 : 1 G G > l<1 ! :i : 1 A — ^ ^ C G > © •©' 1^ G ) G ft ? i- BO c C > © ;© © G ) G if C > in •© in G > « t- G 5 t- © t^ ir 5 2 t> 4 T-H 1-1 IM Tl 1 cc : "" " If > l? ^ © • o G : P^ c^ 5 ;© ; © ir • in ■ in T) c c 5 1 O G 5 in in © © If 3 1-^ »c 5 O ir 5 (MIM© in If 5 i25 l-H (X J .-1 o i 1 .T cc 00 5D i r- H « S CO ir 3 CO I- ©_ r-Ti-H <© CO 1 t- 12-4J 52 Db. INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 GAS No. 22. — Inspection Districts in {For Details, see S cts. r 3 ''■ •S cts. i 94 93 602 46 238 73 136 87 170 20 136 70 208 41 2,688 50 481 93 194 62 1,666 10 1,966 88 318 90 156 48 26 60 216 40 2,607 85 11,912 56 3,071 84 1,433 19 94 40 35 22 4,634 65 196 40 1,072 30 31 68 12 88 44 56 1,268 70 Deductions from Salabies for 2 00 4 96 2 00 2 00 4 00 36 00 4 00 4 00 31 96 90 92 25 96 2 00 27 96 2,668 27 25 96 2,668 27 25 96 52 12 355 17 96 40 91 40 413 03 199 95 800 78 6 00 4 00 10 00 -S cts. 3 60 5 40 3 30 60 60 60 20 60 60 60 60 3 60 3 60 3 60 5 40 Totals. S cts. 100 53 612 82 242 03 136 87 175 80 142 30 216 01 2.731 70 485 53 198 22 1,669 70 1,970 48 326 50 160 08 26 60 224 00 2,645 21 Divisions. 60 90 i 12,064 38 . Barrie Belleville . . . .Berlin . Brock ville .. . . Cobourg . Cornwall . Guelph .Hamilton... . . Kingston ... . Listowel . London . Ottawa . Owen Sound . . . Peterborough , .Samia .Stratford , . Toronto Ontario . 5 40 3,077 24 3 60 1,462 75 3 60 100 00 0 86 36 08 Montreal . Quebec .Sherbrooke.. . .St. Hyacinthe 5 00 13 46 3 60 3 60 4,676 07 j Quebec. 200 00 1,075 90 7 20 20 7 20 3 60 5 00 3 60 3 60 3 60 3 60 14 40 1,275 90 . Fredericton .St. John. . . . Ncic Brnn&wick 2,733 11 12 88 .Halifa.x. .Pictou .. 2,745 99 I Nova Scotia 1 ... Charlottetoun, P.E.I. . Winnipeg, Man 52 12 358 77 100 00 100 00 422 63 207 55 830 18 . Nanaimo .New Westminster .. . . .Vancouver . Victoria . . . .British Columbia. FINANCIAL RETURNS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 INSPECTION. Account with Expenditures, 1900-1901. Appendix B.) 53 Cr. 1— 1 Expenditure authorized by the Department. Balances due by In- spectors, June 30, 1901. Totals, i Balances due spectors, J 1900. Salaries. Special Assist- ance. Rent. Travelling Expenses. Sundries. $ cts. •S cts. 100 00 349 96 183 29 $ cts. $ cts. $ cts. $ cts. 0 53 62 16 13 78 15 .50 36 80 42 30 12 91 70 52 53 88 20 22 24 10 73 40 1 50 6 00 0 75 7 00 45 25 $ cts. % cts. 100 53 612 82 242 03 136 87 175 80 142 30 216 01 2,731 70 485 53 198 22 ' 1,669 70 1,970 48 326 50 160 08 26 60 224 00 2,645 21 164 75 35 95 31 50 39 00 13 46 21 41 99 96 100 00 100 00 200 00 2,496 73 400 00 100 00 1,000 00 1,000 00 20(1 00 152 08 3 10 13 60 9 15 36 00 22 50 60 00 95 00 300 00 125 00 114 85 18 00 44 80 57 08 76 00" 540 00 ""429 so' 2 00 0 25 9 00 5 60 20 00 8 00 200 00 2,599 96 1 . . 194 ''0 9,182 02 715 96 823 25 662 35 486 60 12,064 38 56 35 2,199 84 1,300 00 100 00 36 08 370 00 240 00 150 00 92 25 118 80 3 90 3,077 24 1,462 75 100 00 36 08 8 85 65 20 3,635 92 370 00 390 00 92 25 122 70 4,676 07 200 00 1,000 00 200 00 1,075 90 68 52 7 38 1,200 00 68 52 7 38 1,275 90 1,799 92 389 70 432 14 111 35 2,733 11 12 88 12 88 1,799 92 389 70 432 14 111 35 12 88 2,745 99 11 71 11 m 28 75 52 12 33 25 200 00 81 00 7 50 37 02 358 77 100 00 100 00 300 00 200 00 100 00 100 00 422 63 207 55 10 50 28 90 83 23 7 55 10 50 700 00 28 90 90 78 830 18 u Djl INLAND BE VENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 GAS No. 22. — Inspection Districts in {For Details, see S cts 200 00 244 56 > § c S C 0^ £ ^ X S cts. 680 37 384 06 208 49 106 72 Deductions feom Salaries foe © o $ cts. $ cts. 23,071 89 i 154 84 5 00 % cts. 106 76 Totals. 880 37 384 06 208 49 106 72 23,583 05 Divisions. . . General .General expenses. . .Printing . . Stationery Grand Totals Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 10, 1901. FINANCIAL RETURNS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 INSPECTION. Account with Expenditures, 1900-1901 — Concluded. Appe?}dix B.) 55 Or. EXPENDITCRE AUTHORIZED BY THE DEPARTMENT. Balances due by In- spectors, June 30, i 1901. ( Totals. Balances due spectors, J 1900. Salaries. Special Assist- ance. Rent. Travelling Expenses. Sundries. $ cts. •S cts. $ cts. $ cts. $ cts. 33 75 iS cts. 646 62 384 06 208 49 106 72 $ cts. 2C0 00 $ cts.! 880 37 384 06 208 49 106 72 314 86 16,729 52 1,085 96 1,683 95 1,325 41 2,230 47 212 88 23,583 05 w. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. 56 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 O o Oi 1—1 I o o Ph < w O d C3 O o o <1 O ^ W I « 15 o ft IS oo IM in 5^ •«• X r^ c; -r -f ■q. . . O M S z o r S 5 X 0) 0) D X !S c3 C -S S 5 03 - -^ pi-nc e3 "o ^ C S - .2 O ^ £ 05 <: o ^ -t. t- t^ sc 00 c iccq o — ^ n -^ X >-! •>!P O in iC 1^ cc ^ in lO-J in_^ (M in © ©'«< -r M X M i- I in M X in t^ in I cv • o o © o o _M © O © O © t> m in © © in ^ tS X X cc „, o IX © cc c; 05 tCi-i M •2 '" j: O J? Qi di 155 5 ^ o t^ I © i in © I io ,-H I ©' =0 !a tq ^ » > c3 JC © t, --q t^ T1 t~if5 ^ -r © «-, O i-c -J- t- r-l © © CJ X © X -M IM iH EC g in m © © m ■* ox X cc m cc © ro CI © M © .-I CC "* CO >-l cc .-I CC "* X • © ^ •05 c; in m © m in in in ^ © t- M i~ t^ ^ ^ o -r N © io©>-'«sin ^ © cr. o © P3 r-Ti-T,-!"©"©' :S I X 2 0 Xr-l o H CD IS rj S So S p < ^ ft 5 &0 P^ Hi FINANCIAL RETURNS 57 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 tf O o T-H I o o Oi ^ -73 o _^ H «:i O H w w Ph 5£ w >w 1— 1 fl "^ 8 60 h- 1 CO o J2i m /-v O ^ ft -" o l-H H O P rr O OJ n 05 U ^ 1) 0. ^- T) >. P4 HH t-5 r-( -H i-H i-l ■<*< t-l i-l (M iM CT5 .-I lOCOOCOOiMOlOOO t^t-iL-OY-'OrH-^050CO -P^CCOOOMr-imCOO ■Hi-HO-T'r-^I-IOOt-t- ■-H oo o © 05 lO O 00 lO 05 eO t^© 05 O 00 05 -* r-l ^ --^ o -r -f o rr ic 00 © ■^ Cq (M IM t- O -f -O CO 'O c; t^ ■:o ©Ci .-I 6c i" 05 "^ JH £ S * -3.S S - cS ii ^' bo O) P-ICC a 0 ^ S Hi's • Q l-C^CMC^l-^COtOCMt^COCCOOOlCib-.^ CO©©0 0(MTfH005©©lOl>.OlO© ©"^l-^~-oooo^D■^ci^-.ot--Tt<5<^c.rHO. t^ 1 >i cS -r 00 (M C oj ■^*-:^ ^ -^ C5 -r QU GN --3^_^in^ »r2 Qfq fo^O .^ cS §0 '*-' o t- IM Oin; "♦"■in I f r S •£ "rt CC Cl Cl 4J S £ « S £ d •jr ^^ »-^ >- cz cc EC W ri =« 5 a. =^& 4j r +5 >j i- t? cS "S Xm FINANCIAL RETURNS 59 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 t- W « ft !z; < ^ SZ3 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDV\/ARD VII., A. 1902 No. 26. — Statement showing the amounts voted and the Expenditure authorized for each service for the year ended June 30, 1901. Services. Minister's salary Departmental salaries M contingencies Excise salaries II contingencies M M on account of stamps Commission to Custom officers ... Duty pay « other than special surveys. . . . Cullers' salaries II contingencies II fees ■I annuities Preventive service, Minor revenues ... Tobacco stamp commission Weights and measures salaries 11 11 contingencies Gas inspection salaries II contingencies and V Electric light inspection J I Inspection of staples I I Adulteration of food i Methylated spirits ! Metre system supplies L. A. Frechette, translation Grants. S cts. 7,000 00 38,220 00 7,750 00 312,042 50 50,000 00 20,000 00 .5,500 00 6,000 00 1,000 00 5,950 00 3,000 00 4,200 00 6,329 05 13,000 00 200 00 100 00 49,060 00 22,241 18 16,900 00 15,758 82 19,250 00 25,000 00 74,000 00 500 00 100 00 Expenditures . 703,101 55 S cts. 7,000 00 37,285 43 5,859 70 307,371 45 50,020 31 20,492 09 5,489 83 5,701 02 641 66 5,950 00 2,002 37 4,200 00 6,295 73 11,193 95 91 37 70 78 49,787 64 21,270 50 16,729 52 15,716 94 14,834 99 24,991 37 57,374 62 222 23 27 00 Over Expenditures . 670,620 50 20 31 492 09 727 64 Under Expenditures. 1,240 04 cts 934 57 1,890 30 4,671 05 10 17 298 98 358 34 997 63 33 32 1,806 05 108 63 29 22 970 68 170 48 41 88 4,415 01 8 63 16,625 38 277 77 73 00 33,721 09 Imland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 10, 1901. W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. 1-2 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 A. 1902 APPENDIX A STATISTICS 62 INLAND REVENUES APPENDIX A— SPIRITS. 1-2 ECJWARD VII., A. 1902 No. 1. — Return of Manufactures for Divisions. Belleville, Ont. Brantford n Guelph M Hamilton n Perth Prescott II Toronto m Windsor n Joliette, Que . . Licenses. Grain used for Distillation. Totals 250 250 250 250 500 250 250 250 250 2,500 ^ Lbs. 144,800 130 212,420 120,768 243,464 175,648 579,523 1,328,988 778,560 O Lbs. 2,809,120 2, .300 3,744,440 2,337,260 3,454,740 10,262,298 10,092,000 563,130 I 3,584,301 1 33,265,288 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 10, 1901. tf Lbs. 839,840 25 689,930 522,642 679,592 2,248,140 1,824,970 767,610 Lbs. 28,960 100 36,310 37,730 43,680 126,200 126,150 7,572,749 399,130 Lbs. 275 12,500 12,775 STATISTICS 63 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 the Year ended June 30, 1901. Total Grain used for Distillation. Total Duty Collected ex-Manufac- tory, including License Fees. Barley. Proof Spirits Manu- factured. Duty Collected ex-Manu- factory, on Deficiencies and Assessments. Lbs. Lbs. 3,822,720 2,830 4,695,600 3,018,400 24.3,404 4,353,660 13,2.53,541 13,372,108 2,109,300 Galls. 229,328-73 Galls. $ cts. $ cts. 250 00 362 61 448 13 250 00 540 55 250 00 250 00 2,567 25 250 00 81 263,334 174,249 13,132 254,745 803,693 804,936 109,206 75 23 48 51 54 70 52 39 59-27 104 28 112 61 198 13 21 12 40 55 37,380 729-00 2,317 25 37,380 44,871,623 2,652,708-85 913-67 2,668 54 5,168 54 W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. 64 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 APPEJ^DIX A— Continued— ^VIRIT^. No. 2. — Comparative Statement of Manufactures Provinces. Licenses. Grain used for Distillation. 6 CO % c O O 1900. Ontario 9 1 2,125 250 Lbs. 2,348,154 785,990 Lbs. 33,125,464 611,80C Lbs. 6,897,759 692,500 Lbs. 421,618 Quebec Totals 1901. 10 2,375 3,134,144 33,737,264 7,590,259 421,618 9 1 2,250 250 2,805,741 778,560 32,702,158 563,130 6,805,139 767,610 399,130 Totals 10 2.500 3,584,301 33,265,288 7,572,749 399,130 1 1 Inland Revenue Department. Ottawa, August 10, 1901. 1 , ... STATISTICS 85 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 for the Years ended June 30, 1900 and 1901. Lb.s. G50 650 12,775 12,775 cq Lbs. 26,240 26,240 37,380 37,380 Total \ -r, c a ■ -1. Grain used for .Proof Spirits Distillation. Galls. 42,819,885 2,090,290 44,910,175 42,762,323 2,109,300 44,871,623 Manufactured. Galls. 2, .550, 367 13 108,189-92 2,658,557 05 2,543,502-46 109, 206 -.39 Duty Collected ex- Manufactory, on Deficiencies and Assessments. Galls. 493-31 493-31 913-67 2,652,708-85 913-67 $ cts. 1,203 53 1,203 53 2,668 54 Total Duty Collected ex- Manufactory including License Fees. $ cts. 3,328 53 250 00 3,578 53 2,668 54 4,918 54 250 00 5,168 51 W. J. GERALD, Deputy 3Iinister. 12—5 6 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 APPENDIX A— Con^mwerf— SPIRITS. No. 3. — Statement showing the transactions in the Distilleries in Divisions. Belleville, Ont. Brantford Guelph Hamilton Perth Prescott Toronto Windsor Joliette, Que. Totals.. Spirits in process, including de- ficiencies brought for- ward. ' Spirits manufactured during the year, including 1 surpluses. Galls. 1,596-35 18, 207 -28 505-64 109 06 26, 907 -55 6,149-27 56, 713 17 14,030-53 Galls. 229,328 81 263,334 174.249 13,132 254,745 803,693 804,936 109,206 124,218-85 2,652,708-85 Spirits retdeneu to distillery for redistillation. Duty paid. Galls. 279-26 394-93 674 19 In bond. Galls. 40,969-98 48,347 -18 575-60 222,478-55 96,105-44 408,476-75 Spirits received from other sources duty paid. Galls. 344 09 1,276-33 199-96 039-06 3,374-94 24-57 9-30 5,868-25 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 10, 1901. STATISTICS 67 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 the Dominion of Canada during the year ended June 30, 1901. Totals. Spirits warehoused during the year. Fusel Oil written off. Written ofiE. Deficiencies on which duty was paid. Spirits in process, including deficiencies carried forward. Totals. Galls. 231,269 17 Galls. 228,613 81 306,008 222,733 10,066 257,469 1,025,731 905,916 111.29!) 28 75 18 11 49 51 24 21 53 Galls. 1,093-92 Galls. Galls. Galls. 1,561 97 Galls. 231,269 81 323,787 223,581 13,241 282,867 1,036,091 957,779 123 246 17 75 82 52 57 75 39 70 99 81-75 323,787-82 223,581-52 1,280-82 171-16 104-28 16,394-54 677-25 3,153-96 23,128-72 7,416-10 49,030-67 11,946-69 13,241-57 21-12 282,867-75 1,036,091-39 709-86 2, 944 05 2,110-83 1,559-66 957,779-70 721-99 123,246-22 1 1 3,191,946-89 3,067,919-30 8,310 64 1,559-66 847-39 113,309-90 3,191,946-89 W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. 12- -5^ ' 68 INLAND REVENUES APPENDIX A— Continued— ^VIRYU^. Dr. 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 E'o. 4. — Warehouse Return Remaining in Warehouse from last year. Galls. 666, 96S 6,056 675 881,529 513,989 4,441 5,140 23,081 4,387 Placed in Warehouse. 1, 62, 2, 756, 2. 1, 4,131, 4,046, Galls. 228,613-28 81-75 306,008-18 / *8-89 L 222,733 11 Imported. Galls. 10,066-49 257,469-51 1,025,731-24 905,916-21 11,112,348-04 2,956,619-77 8-89 125,624 58,484 23,978 1,592 9,552 967 5, .592 2,697 228,489-99 7,333 6,489 329 30,366 6,543 39,737 19,877 59,614 8,612 11,460,127 90 111,299-53 111,299-53 82 54 39 3,067,919-30 Received from other Divisions. 115,937-52 J66-59 / i7-6B I, 4,160-67 120,098-19 74-27 t4-50 35,018-87 35,018-87 4-50 t90-46 90-46 155, 117 06 169-23 Galls. 9,105 24,961 5,961 97,904 93,497 27,739 42,587 135,402 73,630 66 9,278 26,226 16,008 8,494 56,821 9,636 16,965 124,496 Totals. Divisions. Galls, 904,687 31,099 6,637 1,285,442 830,229 32,180 47,727 158,483 78,017 66 10,775 99,245 16,819 10,735 1,186,949 11,732 18,543 5,281,876 93 Belleville, Ont 82 Brantford 80 Cornwall 25iGuelph 13 1 Hamilton g."?; Kingston 96 London 50 [Ottawa 81 „ Gvt.Wse. 621 „ Dep. Lab. 67 1 Owen Sound 26 Perth 13 Peterboro' 16 PortArthvir 88 Prescott 76 'St. Cath'ines 06 i Stratford 20, Toronto 15,369-21 4, 972,053 -52' Windsor 794,155-2314,983,304-39 22,025-22 696,984-02 247,265 31 75,639 11 69,686 82 15,335 99 35,841-92 14,841 -17 1,177,619-56 79,776-36 36-549 1,016 157,588 15,132 83,627-48 71,245-83 03 12 27 154,873-31 2,416,710-66 258,949 755,472 271,243 77,2.31 114,258 16,303 41,434 17,538 .Totals. 1,552,432-45 87,109-86 43,038-35 1,345-88 187,954-30 21,676 1^ 123, 455 04 91,123 55 214,578-59 8,612-54 Jolietbe, Que. Montreal u Quebec n St.Hya'ntheii Slier brooke n Sorel ThreeRivers ,i Victoriavilleti . . Totals St.John, N.B. Halifax, N.S. . Charlot'n,PEI Winnipeg,Mn. Calgary,NWT Vanc'ver, B.C. Victoria m . . Totals Sundries 17,100,052-53.Grand Totals.. Entered for Consumption. Galls. 62,368 12,575 6,240 245,861 106,350 20,798 39,996 135,423 22 9,358-22 34,394-20 14,552-74 8,492- 11 31,439-65 10,458-35 16, 877 -73 346,411-97 180,174-36 1,281,773-48 23,704 581,104 223,374 40,832 67,334 15,381 34,418 12,960 S cts. 118,499 87 23,892 62 11,857 79 467,137 45 202,073 81 39,516 99 75,995 56 257,339 65 17,777 66 6.5,516 16 27,656 85 16,134 86 94,516 13 19,870 85 32,074 29 652,464 67 341,817 30 2,464,142 51 999,112-06 67,841-08 35,576 1,035 153,273 15,538 90,763- 10 63,005-59 153,768-69 45,076 49 1,095,247 86 424,472 91 77,593 07 138,443 64 29,230 63 65,400 83 24,626 04 1,900,091 47 128,898 30 67,596 32 1,968 21 291,223 66 29,522 89 172,451 13 119,712 09 292,163 22 2,707,919-40 55,175,603 58 ' Surplus, t Seizure. : Rewarehoused. § This amount includes $46,535.13 collected on imported spirits used in Bonded Factories at 30c. per gallon. Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 10, 1901. ST A TISTICS ea SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 for the Year ended June 30, 1901. Or. Removed in Bond. Free. Used in Bonded Factories. Remaining in Warehouse . 1 Totals. To other Divisions. To Distillery for Re- distillation. Legal Allowance. Other. Exported. Galls. 184,937-35 Galls. Galls. 3,787-86 Galls. 282-55 Galls. 1,478-62 Galls. 14,433-98 Galls. 651,833-11 4,090-74 396-87 869,294-00 497,214-29 3,817-15 7,598-13 23,043-90 8,879-68 Galls. 904,687-93 , 31,099-82 ' 6,637 80 i 1,285,442-25 | 830,229-13 i 32,180-93 1 47, 727 -96 \ 158,483-50 ! 78,017-81 1 66-62 10,775-67 99,245 26 16, 819 13 10,735-16 1,186,949-88 11,732-76 18,543-06 5,281,876-20 : 4,972,053-52 101,966-28 140,905-35 40,969-98 48,347-18 18,172 16 6,713-96 1,226-81 459-54 7,951-96 514-22 9-53 133-52 29,723-72 7,555-93 16-38 1169,138-13 66-62 1,417-45 62,793-25 2, 266 -39 2, 243 05 719,973-52 1,145 -17 1,665-33 .3,729,491-44 3,804,853-68 1,480 -43 577-38 310,992-60 575-60 5,323-81 733-41 1.973-77 129-24 115,937-52 895,315-85 686,055-66 222,478-55 96,105-44 29,561-84 73,361-50 1,638-86 478-43 6,012 -12 126,863-78 50,965-57 4,160-67 2,321,653-52 408,476-75 137,498-51 4,902-60 145,066-86 222,777-39 1169,138-13 10,392,017-15 14,983,304-39 19,952 00 370-34 9-30 214,913-24 75,123-81 28,655-73 13,080-29 3,095-34 2.58,949-44 1 755,472-84 1 271,243-69 77,231-44 114,258-31 I 16,303-29 41,434-66 17,5.38-78 52,577-37 274-10 46,393 17 17, 950 -53 668-50 594-00 2-86 2,854-78 20,460-59 3, 34(1 -59 40,481-63 921-69 7,016 18 696-13 3,882-22 84,203 15 370-34 606-16 274-10 125,285-92 342,580-72 1,552,432-45 660 03 4,642 04 13, 966 -71 87,109-86 114-97 7,346-43 43,038-35 i 309-98 1,345-88 3,559-30 113-86 31,008- 11 187,954-30 6, 137 -96 21,676 -17 1,396 10 138 - 19 31,157-65 20,433-12 123,455-04 91,123-55 5,238-56 2,446-28 6,634-66 2,584-47 51,590-77 214,578-59 j 8,612-54 8,612 54 1 352,705-35 1169,138 13 2,416,710-66 408,476-75 137,868-85 5,508 76 148,154-26 10,853,570-37 17,100,052-53 1 II Used in the manufacture of methylated spirits at the Government Warehouse, Ottawa. W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. 70 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 APPENDIX X— Continued— ^VIRYY^. Dk. No. 5. — CoMPAEATivE STATEMENT of "Warehouse Remaining Placed Warehouse from Warehouse last year. Galls. 11,559,07976 Galls. *5-46n 3,010,314-25: J Received I Imported, from other , Divisions. , Totals. Provixces. 146,617-481 102,686-49 6, 273-59 ,025-09 400-59 .684-80 ,011-37 ,28r,-61 612-54 Galls. 118,483-20 •h222-15 16,485-88 11,820,991-83 5-46 3,113,000-74; 222-15 134,969-08 ill,112,348-04' I 2-28, -89 2,956,619-77 489-99, 111,299-53 333-501 489-32: 329-10 ,366-18 ,543-90 ,614-821 ,612-54! 1 rr4-27 / 120,098 19 +4-50 35,018-87 Galls. 708,613-67 •67 Galls. 1900. 999,684 66,664' 28,374' 837' 162,660 13,989 170,230 15,396,496-34 Ontario. 1,265,696-67 Quebec . 72,938-32iN. Brunswick. 36,399-39 Xova Scotia . 1,237 -971 P. E. Island.. 194, 345 -19! Manitoba .... 19, 000 -86 X. W. Territ. 225,517 •03lB. Columbia.. 8, 612 -54 1 Sundries ... ,151,055-0517,220,244 -31 . . . .Totals. 1901. 1 794,155-23 14,983,304 •39jOntario 1 1,177,619-56 ^90-46 79,776-36 36,549-03 1,016-78 157,588-12 15,132-27 154,873-31 1,552,432-45 Quebec 87,109-86 N. Bnmswick. 43,038-35 Xova Scotia. . l,.345-88 P. E. Island. . 187,954-30 Manitoba 21,676-17 X. W. Territ. 214,578-59 B. Columbia.. 8,612-54]Sundrie8 Entered for Consumption. Galls. -S cts. 1,176, 884-45|2,264, 290-26 921, 151 •661, 744,815 -55 116,382-82 61,254-04 29,801-95 908-87 159,947-36 12,456-96 161,170-85 56,626-02 1,726-83 303,903-97 23,668-28 306,225-66 2,523,576-14'4,817,639-39 1,281, 773-48;2, 464, 142 -51 999,112-061,900,091-47 ll,460,127-39|3oe_,,i8:|9^ 155 n7'o6 2' 416,710-66 17,100,052-53 . . . .Totals. 67,841-081 35,576-95 1,0.35-901 153,273-031 15,538-21: 153,768-69 128,898-30 67,596-32 1,968-21 291,223-66 29,522-89 292,163-22 2,707,919-40 5,175,606-58 •Surplus. fSeizure. JRewarehoused. Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 10, 1901. STATISTICS 71 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 Returns for the Tears ended June 30, 1900 and 1901. Cs. Removed in Bond. Free. Exported. Used in Bonded Factories. Remaining in Warehouse. Totals. To other Divisions. To Distillery for Re- distillation. Legal Allowance. Other. Galls. 2,100,103-66 46,131-74 330-45 Galls. 470,315-07 Galls. 122,451-93 Galls. 6,622-17 186-40 124-65 Galls. 135,569-79 518-61 3-18 108-12 Galls. / +58,547-04 1 213,654-19 69,218-27 3,892-50 Galls. j- 11,112,348-04 228,489-99 7.333-50 6,489-32 329-10 30,366-18 6,543-{>0 59,614-82 8,612-54 Galls. 15,-396,496-34 1,265,696-67 72,938-32 36,399-39 1,237-97 194,345-19 19,000-86 225,517-03 8,612-54 3,559-25 321-75 1.50-65 929-95 1,514-56 2,286-85 2,151,055-05 470,-315-07 122,451-93 8,769-53 138,637-20 r :.58,547-04 \ 286,764-96 1 11,460,127-39 17,220,244-31 2,321,653-52 84,203-15 660-03 408,476-75 137,498-51 370-.34 4,902-60 606-16 145,066-86 274-10 / +69,138-13 i 222,777-39 125,285-92 4,642-04 10,392,017-15 342,580-72 13,966-71 7,346-43 309-98 31,008-11 6,137-96 51,590-77 8,612-54 14,983,304-39 1,552,432-45 87,109-86 43,038-35 1,345-88 187,954-30 21,676-17 214,578-59! 8,612-54 114-97 3,559-30 113-86 6,634-66 2,584-47 2,416,710-66 408,476-75 137,868-85 5,508-76 148,154-26 r ^69,138-13 \ 352,705-35 } 10,853,570-37 17,100,052-53' tUsed in the manufacture of Methylated Spirits at the Government W 190( Total duty collected ex-manufactory and ex-warehouse . .$ 4,818,84 II 11 on licenses 2,37 'arehouse, Ottawa. ). 1901. 2 92 $ 5,178,275 12 5 00 2,500 00 1 otals . ..$ 4,821,21 ^Y. J. ( 7 92 $ 5,180,775 12 JERALD, Deputy Minister. 72 INLAND BEVENUES 1-2 EDWA:RD VII., A. 1902 APPE:N'DIX a.— Continued— UMjU. ^0. 6. — Return of Manufactures for the Year ended June 30, 1901* DlVLSIONS. Li No. DENSES. Fees. Grain placed in Steep. Malt Manufac- Paid tured at duty. 14c. per lb. ■ Ware- housed. j Total Duty 1 collected ex- Manufac- ' tory, including License Fees. Belleville, Ont JBrantford n 1 2 7 3 2 3 1 1 2 2 4 2 1 11 1 43 $ 50 100 850 500 250 450 100 200 100 250 350 100 200 1,425 200 Lbs. 34.3,797 789,482 8,820,521 6,797,321 6,321,924 6,179,365 3.S5,555 3,947,194 288,825 2,624,395 1,659,641 978,812 5,936,750 16,807,845 3,252,550 Lbs. Lbs. 271,718 633,849 7,097,450 5,566,982 5,055,058 4,956,305 Lbs. 271,718 633,849 7,097,450 5,566,982 5,055,058 4,956,305 271,151 3,102,076 237,627 2,054,015 1,309,693 789,908 4,835,250 13,223,879 2,671,445 8 cts. 50 00 100 00 8.50 00 500 00 250 00 450 00 100 00 200 00 100 00 2.50 00 350 00 , 100 00 i 200 00 1,425 00 ' 200 00 Hamilton u Kingston " London n Ottawa .1 Owen Sound, Ont Perth „ Peterborough n Prescott St. Catharines, Ont Stratford n j Toronto m Windsor i 1 Totals 271,151 3,102,076 237,627 2,054,015 1,309,693 789,908 4,835,250 13,22.3,879 2,671,445 ........ 5,125 65,083,977 52,076,406 52,076,406 5,125 00 Montreal, Que ' Quebec h 3 1 600 150 11,331,060 1,314,274 9,161,582 i 1,054,988 ' 9,161,582 1,054,988 600 00 150 00 I Totals Halifax, N.S 4 750 12,645,334 10,216,570 10,216,570 454,254 750 00 1 2 150 564,758 454,254 150 00 Winnipeg, Man Calgary, N.W.T Grand Totals 200 1,053,344 816,531 1,104 815,427 216 56 2 52 250 687,577 532,138 532,138 250 00 6,475 80,034,990 64,095,899 1,104 64,094,795 6,491 56 W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. ! Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 10, 1901. STATISTICS 73 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 APPENDIX A— Continued— MKLT. No. 7. — Comparative Statement of Manufactures for the Years ended June 30, 1900 and 1901. Provinces, Licenses. Grain placed in Steep. Malt manufac- tured at li cents per lb. Paid Duty "Ware- housed. Total Duty collected ex- Manufac- tory including License Fees. No. Fees. 1900. 44 4 2 2 2 54 $ 5,025 750 150 200 150 Lbs. 60,075,407 12,870,993 711,940 1,921,597 816,664 Lbs. 48,339,388 10,408,886 576,810 1,531,037 640,908 Lbs. Lbs. 48,339,388 10,408,880 576,810 1,531,037 640,908 $ cts. 5,025 00 750 00 150 00 200 00 150 00 Quebec Nova Scotia N. W. Territories Totals 1901. Ontario Quebec 6,275 76,396,001 61,497,029 61,497,029 6,275 00 43 4 1 2 2 5,125 750 150 200 250 65,083,977 12,645,334 564,758 1,053,344 687,577 52,076,406 10,216,570 454,254 816,531 532,138 52,076,406 10,216,570 454,254 815,427 532,138 5,125 00 750 00 150 00 216 56 250 00 Manitoba N. W. Territories .... Totals 1,104 52 6,475 80,034,990 64,095,899 1,104 64,094,795 6,491 56 Inland Revenue Department, Otta-h^a, August 10, 1901. W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. 74 INLAND REVENUES APPENDIX K^Continued—UKLT. Dr. 1-2 EDWARD V;i., A. 1902 'So. 8. — Warehouse Return Remaining in Warehouse from lasc year. Placed in Warehouse. Increases. Received from other Divisions. Imported. Totals. Divisiox.s. Lbs. 126,098 160,010 ' 1,787,375 1,667,276 1,732,644 2,245,021 ?59,092 377,730 21,548 543,064 23,443 1,050,916 142.944 1,867,358 , 5,8.30,237 j 785,608 Lbs. 271,718 633,849 7,097,450 .5,566,982 5,055,058 4,956,305 271.151 3,102,076 237,627 2,054,015 Lbs. 1,456 6,222 114,627 63,772 42,516 83,521 9,957 26,622 2,296 27,326 Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. 399,272 986,081 9,670,452 7,334,030 6,830,218 7,372,847 540,200 4,103,528 261,471 2,675,205 108,173 2,388,528 1,112,456 7,199,947 19,565,611 4,188,053 ..Belleville, Ont. 186,000 671,000 36,000 ..Brantford n . ..Guelph II . ..Hamilton n ..Kingston n ..London >< . ..Ottawa 11 . . .Owen Sound u . ..Perth „ . ..Peterborough u . . .Port Arthur m . . .Prescott M . . .St. Catharines u . ..Stratford m . ..Toronto m . . .Windsor n . 88,000 597,100 .50,800 84,730 1,309,693 789,908 4,835,250 13,223,879 2,671,445 27,9i9 5,004 16,839 171.495 14,733 174,600 480,500 340,000 711,200 5,067 j 18,620,364 52,076,406 614,305 3,419,930 5,067 74,736,072 Totals 1 1 2,530 1 4,753.290 64,000 32,5.50 9,161^82 1,054,988 7,785 161,704 1^635' 780,C00 2,417,466 2,723,000 1,164,000 790,315 16,508,746 3,841,988 1,198,185 . . Joliette, Que 14,704 ..Montreal ■ . .Quebec m . .Sherbrooke u 4,852,37" 10,216,570 171,124 7,084,466 14,704 22,339,234 Totals 60,326 1 ' 913,000 973,326 ..St. John, X.B 199,001 454,254 1,843,000 2,496,255 ..Halifax, N.S 12,280 790 136,000 149,070 . .Charlottetown, P.E.L. 391, S60 815,427 16,138 862,000 400 2,085,825 . . Winnipeg, Man •>?3,3S1 532,138 5,481 761,000 ..Calgary, N.W.T 161,753 82,082 160,000 1 2,022,574 1,522,525 2,266,409 1,682,-525 . .Vancouver, B.C. ..Victoria u 161,753 242,082 3,545,099 3,948,934 Totals 24,-521,335 64,094,795 807,838 14,500,478 3,565,270 ' 107,489,716 Grand totals - Inla ND ReVEN Otta-\ UE Depar VA, Angu TMENT, 8t 10, 190 1. STATlSnCS 76 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 for the Year ended June 80, 1901. <3a. Entered for Consumption at 1^ cents per lb. Removed to other Divisions. Exported. Free and Written off. Remaining in Warehouse. Totals. Lbs. 278 428 $ cts. 4,176 42 11,349 99 76,514 51 65,251 95 55,156 71 68,176 22 5,807 58 17,004 54 Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. 120,844 229,415 2,493,985 1,921,700 2,123,568 2,737,829 127,428 1,320,734 8,103 594,777 Lbs. 399,272 986,081 9,670,452 7,334,030 6,830,218 7,372,847 540,200 4,103,528 261,471 2,675,205 108,173 2,388,528 1,112,4.50 7,199,947 19,56.5,611 4,188,053 756 666 5,100,967 4,350,130 3,677,114 4,545,018 387,172 1,133,636 1,967,500 1,062,200 1,020,466 90,000 108,000 9,070 '25^666' 10,428 253,368 1,532,730 100,000 796,428 108,173 1,514,281 962,330 11,946 42 1,622 58 22,714 24 14,434 95 28,008 50 188.038 30 36,402 83 1,248,000 36,000 30,000 844,247 150,126 2,034,414 5,221,527 896,153 1,867,233 2,535,884 3,298,300 1,778,200 66,000 30,000 2,426,856 799,044 40,440,316 606,606 74 12,093,396 274,000 1,103,510 20,824,850 74,736,072 '36,666' 778,560 11,755 4,328,576 131,000 02,400 790,315 16,508,746 3,841,988 1,198,185 9,799,170 3,710,988 146,987 55 55,664 74 17,036 78 2,345,000 1,135,785 14,645,943 219,689 07 2,345,000 36,000 778,560 4,533,731 22,339,234 901,936 13,529 04 71,390 973,326 2,440,255 36,603 84 20,000 36,000 2,496,2.55 129,070 1,936 05 20,000 149,070 1,890,444 28,356 65 195,381 2,085,825 568,335 8,525 05 42,082 150,583 761,000 2,063,688 30,955 47 24,637 68 202,721 40,000 2,266,409 1,682,525 1,642,525 3,706,213 55,593 15 242,721 3,948,934 64,722,512 970,838 59 14,500,478 310,000 1,882,070 26,074,656 107,489,716 W. J. GERALD, De'puty Minister. i 76 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD Vll., A. 1902 APPENDIX A— Continued— KkUT. Dr. No. 9. — Comparative Statement of Warehouse Returns Remaining Placed Warehouse from I Warehouse, last year. Increases. Received from other Divisions. Lbs. 16,662, 4,042, 30 102, 3, 398, 234, 309, 000 158 0i(inu.<;— TOBACCO. No. 12.— Reiuhn of Mnuufocuirea loi tbe Year ended Jiuie 30, 1901. ,„ — ■ 1 T.,.„l .,.,.„,. ■■- „„....„, 'i:Z e!il!^' — '- ' "II" "is" L L sm^'m — » — — *'»•"'''■ """■■ u,.:" .... h. WO, ""-[-(-li > — " ^ 3 n « J ^r^i ' ' ■-[■■■■ m — 1 1 — — "\ -- i;, :■;: . - 000] 1 im ilMwi "-or™ > wj i.iriiiw; ;.-.i,>»4;' .■... 1 i im 1 1 1 :. «„ '>.;} rss ,- .. L"^: . 1 1. ». i. ~4i .« ,i » 2N *^mi > 04 -'%"' ^ J.0 ^ . OW 3m K»1 *." ^IM l»i, no, 1 K , SU^7 1W) XN ItOO'lO ngrj N H IX 1 , H3 ■^3 000 "in 1 . tfKJ ^ ' 1 J Ij 1 1 I'ii .U'5 Jr i . * '" .. .« 1 10! 1 1 1 ::: L:,. -f- l.MM i •' I'l iw" iT !!! lion 'l ' 1 > 1 " ' "'"" '"'*'"" ' ■" ^ K7 j % .oo U) .; '" "^ " ' T 1. ' "* "" 4 0) ' " U44. lO ,, *»K ll. « ■■ -^ ' 4U,« 1 ^m ■01 ""' '"*» -4100 "■ ,h' * '■""' |-r ..j *^ Im.ASIl Uevesie DtPAll-IMUKT, Kmw*, AugiiBt 10, ISIOI. 12—8 84 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 04 O (^ o o Oi m rH r/T o" «cr< CO «-S o '^ o H 13 cc 1-5 ■TS C5 O t^. -^ /-^ 0) I— ( u t ) a 1— 1 >^ ^ a> ^ HJ •^ ti (■) o r^ IVI-l r■^ ^ OS "■ o^i— 'c'--? -M'.'.'cr~''.t^C^O i-H O CO lO "^ ~ O CO ©i-co(M(Mccc;-t< T-i CO ;o o t^ I- o o i-T co'co im'c4"©~ 1-1 i?q T- i-H ^ (T O 2 3 ■paAoj^sap puB 'sasodjiid ^'Bjn^ ^^ i-((M«C50i»OCmo raojj psAiaoa'jj TO -r- (X) Ph § ^s'Bi tuoaj asnoq -s- X •*> t^ rH X 5<1 IM in C^ ^ X C-. O iM (M 3". -O -H T». O CO - - • - CO CO > 10 X X i2 X C-. ■ X 1:3 1 CJ inCS'Oi C^ CO iO O X -; ^ tH 5 t-< -^ oco ■* t— .-Ht-lCtOX'O CO C5 oi in *"(Mi— CI — Mco©lr^■*o5cocot^-f c vs 05 05 M 00 ©^ ©" T^O tIh" w Ol in CO -f CO Tf 7-i cr. 05 2 I- oco © rH tH i3 H d J ad 1 OS ; 03 3 H o Oi r-l c O •■< 0 o^ ^ S.5 ^ 3 o ^1 . "^f" ^ 's 8S OS . T-' a t ' •< '-5 O l2 q 3 X WA. • O ^ >> Hci H^ r4N «|C1 -^i« HJJ © iO cr > CO o CO >* (M © t^ (M C 5 ijq '^ CO ■* ■* CO (M ICr- H O- CO in i-i «3!M 05 © « oTc^ r i-T t^ -xT - ■^ t^-t< 1-1 o cf COCO rH 00 0^ eo C ■* 05 CO -f CO in lH rH Tfl ©" rH -»N -i^ 1 HM ^4?1 r+t (M «o ir 5 rH . CO© ■^ !M t^ i^a 3 -^ •^ 00 © t^ CC -)- SZ5 1— ( eo eoc 5 t^ C5 CI COr-__ ■*! © 05 ofc 5 C-. in" tC co-i-T ©" b-" H 1 iH in i ■ (M CO i I^ in" 12-8^ 86 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 •asnoq ■ paXoj^sap pu'B 'sasodand ^'BJn^ -piox^aog joj naJi'BX 5q «;i t^ (M t^ n --r c^ -t> iM eo t^ C'l t^ M iO ^ C2 ;5 ^OCCt^CiO-* CO 00 00 IM t-Too ;:i © L- IS IM •go ua^ju^YV P^'^ aajjl •pa^jodxg © •* L^ ctj w tr I JO OIM wee' •SUOTSIAIQ jaq^o 05 paAOraa'jj 00 1^:2 -r © •^ — 00 tH • m CO o . ©' i-T ©■" itT —■"■*'' ©■ -f ri © CC X © 111- X e-:i ,-H ,-1 ^ ^ CC '^'^ CO t~ *< • STA TISTIGS 8? SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 APPENDIX A— Continued— GA.^AJ>A TWIST TOBACCO. No. 18. — Statement of Revenue collected from Canada Twist Tobacco for the Year ended June 30, 1901. Licenses. Divisions. No. Belleville, Ont. Cornwall h Ottawa ir Prescott 11 Totals . Joliette, Que. Montreal n Totals Grand Totals. Fees. 39 98 137 Canada Twist, at 5 cts. per pound. Duty collected, including License Fees. Lbs. 290 1,990 3,753 420 6,453 24,385 26,759 51,144 57,597 •$ cts. 16 50 109 50 212 65 23 00 361 65 1,241 25 1,413 95 2,655 20 3,016 85 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 10, 1901. W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. CANADA TWIST TOBACCO. No. 19. — Comparative Statement for Years ended June 30, 1900 and 1901. Years. Provinces. Licenses. Canada Twist, at 5 cts. per pound. Duty collected, including License Fees. No. Fees. 1900 Ontario Quebec Totals Ontario 16 67 83 20 55 31 132 Lbs. 8,261 50,653 •$ cts. 444 05 2,664 65 1901 163 58,914 3,108 70 39 98 6,453 51,144 361 65 2,655 20 Totals 75 137 57,597 3,016 85 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 10, 1901. W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 APPEXDIX A.— Continued— GIG AR^. No. 20. — Return of Manufactures Divisions. Belleville, Ont.... Brant ford h .... Guelph I. ... Hamilton i, Kingston n .... London m .... Ottawa .. .... Owen Sound .. ... Perth M .... Peterborough, Ont Prescott M St. Catharine.s ,. Stratford n Toronto i> Windsor i> Totals. Joliette, Que Montreal ir Quebec .St. Hyacinthe, Que Sherbrooke n Three Rivers u . \'ictoria,viUe •. . Totals St. John, N.B. Halifax, N.S Winnipeg, Man . . . Calgary, N.W.T .. Vancouver, B.C. \'ictoria m . Totals Grand Totals. Licenses. No. Fees. Total weight of Raw Leaf Tobacco and all other materials actually used. 106 54 27 206 S cts. 75 00 600 00 937 50 1,0.50 00 1.50 00 1,500 00 75 00 1.50 00 75 00 75 00 300 00 712 50 225 00 1,462 50 4.50 00 Lbs. 6,461 62,539 89,290 143,803 66,932 464,124 2,366i 7,774' 2, 1041 1,591 12.318 21,129 32,686 140,078i 32,788^ 7,837 50 75 00 2,530 00 490 00 125 00 350 00 150 00 75 00 3,795 00 382 50 225 00 562 50 75 00 927 50 890 (X) 1,817 50 14,695 00 1,085,9.S5 26,658 909,4611 72,704i 51,443i 109,7075 14,253i t 1,184,228^ Defi- ciencies paying duty. No. 990 990 CiGAKS .•VT S7 PER Thousand. Pro- duced. No. 1,200 Paid Duty. No. 1,200 1,200 ! 1,200 1,.509 425 n,300 2,970 2,004 2,970 2,004 3,234 I 4,974 4,974 67,843 11,149^ 71,480 601 61,785^ 33,628 95,413* 2,516,700i t3,436 t3,436 7,660 6,174 6,174 Cigars Produced. No. 382,350 3,567,045 5,630,920 8,113,620 4,014,225 28,476,910 126,750 427,950 117,030 108,250 730,650 1,297,325 1,707,700 8,140,8.35 1,900,420 64,741,980 4.5,170,815 .3,716.055 970,330 6,234,510 789,255 1,187,810 58,068,775 603,790 672,800 4,056,190 33,350 2,852,800 1,699,625 4,552,425 132,729,310 t Victoriaville merged in St. Hyacinthe May 11, 1901. * Deficiency on Canadian cigars at S3 per M. X 11 Combination n ■■ Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 10, 1901. ST A TISTICS 89 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 for the Year ended June 30, 1901. AT $G PER T HOUS.-\ND. Canadian Cigars AT $3 PER Thousand. Combination Cigars at $3 per Thousand. Total Duty Collected ex-Manufac- tory, including License Fees. Paid Duty. Warehoused Pro- duced. Paid Duty. Ware- housed. Pro- duced. Paid Duty. Ware- housed. No. 140,500 No. 241,850 1,297,900 2,922,545 4,679,215 2,388,225 9,460,170 100,900 288,950 94,530 40,400 259,300 131,250 65,0.50 3,391,460 802,200 No. No. No. No. No. No. $ cts. 918 00 14,223 27 17,187 75 21,656 43 9,906 00 115,600 44 230 10 984 00 210 00 482 10 3,128 10 7,708 95 10,086 84 29,958 75 7,039 32 2,269,145 2,708,375 3,434,405 1,626,000 19,016,740 25,850 139,000 22,500 67,850 471,3.50 1,166,075 1,642,650 4,749,375 1,098,220 38,578,035 26,163,945 239,320 05 3,876 45 135,482 87 11,8.53 70 3,358 26 19,991 48 2,141 52 3,404 04 1,489,450 1,267,150 105,666' 496,580 68,600 222,300 21,102,235 1,735,675 24,068,580 1,980,380 105^600 2,929,900 391,900 2,103,200 826,700 210,100 181.800 287,600 682,730 2,995,230 457,335 632,970 496,580 68,600 3,239,280 331,920 .554,840 :':: ::;: :;: :;:: 27,251,550 30,817,225 2,160,230 1,937,930 222,300 3,321,800 2,313,300 1,008,500 180,108 32 236,040 367,750 2,793,140 81.5,340 1.977.800 4,244 76 291,240 .381,560 1,972 44 1,503,125 2,553,065 9,581 25 24,550 8,800 222 30 2,645,700 207,100 364,050 370,900 48,900 310,900 33,400 60,000 15,500 17,734 40 9,013 95 1,335,575 3,981,275 571,150 419,800 344,300 75,500 26,748 35 71,865,815 60,863,495 2,160,230 1,937,930 222,300 6,534,740 3,472,940 3,061,800 462,197 47 W. J. GERALD, Deputy Mini ster. 90 INLAXD BU VENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 APPENDIX A— Continued— CIGARS. Dr. N'o. 21. — Comparative Statement of Manufactures Provinces. Licenses. Total weight of Deficien- cies paying Duty. Cigars at §7 per Thousand. ClG.\ES No. Fees. Raw Leaf Tobacco and all other materials actuall.y used. Produced . Paid Duty. Ware- housed. Produced . 1900. 1 j S cts. Lbs. 105) 7.762 501 1.041.6364 No. 50 8,380 No. 7,200 690 No. 6,000 No. 1.20() No. 62,200,395 Quebec Xew Brunswick... Nova Scotia Manitoba British Columbia.. Totals 1901. 56 4 3 7 21 3,755 00 247 50 1,209,666|§ .36.782 690 60,105,250 765,850 225 00 i 10,435 525 00 9'>.686 i 615,360 I 5,214,145 1,515 00 94,370 2,202 2,202 4,696,575 196 106 54 6 3 8 2 27 206 14,030 00 2,485,576j^ 8,430 10,092 8,892 1,200 133,597,575 7,837 50 l.OR.'i.flRS 990 1,200 4,974 1,200 4,974 64,741,980 58,068,775 603,790 Quebec New Brunswick.. . Xova Scotia Manitoba X.-W. Territories. British Columbia.. Totals 3,795 00 l,184,228i 382 50 67,843 225 00 11,1494 562 50 71,480" 75 00 601 1,817 50 95,4134 *3,234 672,800 4,056,190 33,350 t3,436 4,552,425 14,695 00 2,516,700^ 7,660 6,174 6,174 132,729,310 * 1,300 of these t Combination cigai cigar s were mar s at S3 per ufactured fn M. m Canadia a leaf at S3 per M. Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 10, 1901. STA TISTICS 91 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 for the Years ended June 30, 1900 and 1901. Cr. AT $6 PER Thousand. Canadian Cigaes at .|3 per Thousand. Combination Cigars at .$3 per Thousand. Total Duty collected ex-Manu- factory including License Fees. Paid Duty. Warehoused Produced. Paid Duty Ware- housed. Produced . Paid Duty Ware- housed. No. 36,736,315 No. 25,464,080 32,214,030 558,750 336,500 3,818,400 529,775 No. No. No. No. No. No. $ cts. 228,222 69 loO,(;80 24 2.077 80 i;898 16 8,899 47 27,794 07 27,891,220 207,100 1,539,340 1,234,890 304,450 2,65'2,670 1,169,450 1,939,370 195,900 712,700 973,550 278,860 21j66 1,39,5,745 " " 21^00 399^250 4,166,800 399,250 70,676,040 62,921,535 1,561,040 1,256,590 304,4.50 4,220,770 2,534,520 1,686,250 449,572 43 239,320 05 180,108 32 4,244 76 1,972 44 9,581 25 222 30 38,578,035 26,163,945 30,817,225 367,750 381,560 2,553,065 8,800 571,150 27,251,550 236,040 2,160,230 1,937,930 222,300 3,321,800 2,793,140 2,313,300 815,340 1,008,500 1,977,800 291,240 1,503,125 24, .550 3,981,275 419,800 344,366 3,472,940 75,500 96 74S .^5 3,061,800 462,197 47 71,865,815 60,863,495 2,160,230 1,937,930 222,300 6,534,740 W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. 1 APPENDIX A— Ci.nfinim/— rliiARS. No =■:.— Wabeuucse Return fur llio Year en.lc.l Jiioc 30, 1901. APPENDIX A—Conlinued^ClQA'RS. ST.l TISTICS 1.2 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 A 1902 No. 28.— CoHPARATlva Statbmbnt of "Warehouee Retan.a f^r tLe Tears ended June 30, 1900 and 1901. i.^: , -rs^--- : -- .,.•„..„ ? „^"sss^,„ P„„.,c„ ..^. Consumpln.m. D,?„,o'=. 1 ...^. ^-^ «.,.™,.„w„..„. .«.,..,..w ,.,.,.. -....J-:.- K,..,.. c.,„.,.„. .,.,. c...,„--r- IIK'^^S '?,ZT Duly. F.re, Fon-ipn. '^r-.. ... -•■ N ' , N ■m N ^ N , ^<", «.je.,...i; "^I tJ? 'z 00 .. TO „ 1 >CZ m 3« - « .. !W A =. ,?s; 3.7 >»| . ;. ,J " i r. "' "■*• 1- 0 !!•« ., «l 8,.W 11 im . IXi . •v .. 1 «« t«.,..l«-|.rM I ToUld c -c °"'""Zu.<. rolouBe "llSm "u..Zi> S»2»M5S9 1 Inlani' Revende Depabtm 1 Ottawa, Ah gllftt 10, 1901. W. J. GERALD, Deputy MmxsUr. 94 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 APPENDIX A— Continued — INSPECTION OF PETROLEUM. No. 24. — Return of Canadian Petroleum and Naphtha inspected during the Year ended June 30, 1901. Divisions. London . Licenses. Petroleum. No. j Fees. 8 Galls. 1 11,197,314 80 Naphtha. Galls. 1,477,662 77 Totals. Galls. 12,674,977 57 W. J. GERALD, Inland Revenue Department, Deputy Minister. Ottawa, August 10, 1901. STA TISTICS 9S SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 APPENDIX A— Con^mwec/— INSPECTION OF PETROLEUM. No. 25. — Comparative Statement of Petroleum and Naptha inspected during the Years ended June 30, 1900 and 1901. Under Old Act. July 1 to Aug. 31 1899 Provinces. Ontario.. Quebec ... I New Brunswick Nova Scotia Prince Edward Island. Manitoba N. W. Territories British Columbia Totals. Packages. At 25 cts. At 10 cts. At 5 cts. At 2^ cts No. No. 24,2G8 1.3,705 4,718 2,840 150 1,993 1 271 47,940 No. 15 21 300 33(3 No. 12,892 13 1,654 1,200 .50 11,800 27,609 Fees Collected. % cts. 2,7.50 17 1,370 50 473 19 325 35 15 00 230 05 1 35 337 10 5,502 71 Under New Act. September 1, 1899, to .Tune 30, 1900. Year 1901 Licenses. No. Feei Petroleum Galls. 10,323,076 08 11,197,314 80 Naptha. Totals. Galls. Galls. 1,273,359 21 11,596,435 29 1,477,662 77 12,674,977 57 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 10, 1901. W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. 96 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 APPENDIX A— Conimwe^— MANUFACTURES IN BOND. No. 26. — Return of Manufactures Divisions. Brantford, Ont. Hamilton Kingston Prescott Toronto Windsor Totals. Licenses. No. Fees, Materials used. Spirits. 13 S cts. 100 00 100 00 .50 00 300 00 175 00 400 00 Montreal, Que Quebec ^< . . St. Hyacinthe, Que. Sherbrooke, n . Totals 10 St. John, N.B Grand Totals . 2.5 1,125 00 350 00 50 00 50 00 500 00 Galls. 14,433 29,723 7,555 11.5,937 50,965 4,160 222, 777 -39 Beer, Wine, &c. Galls. 902-90 446 00 209-28 Nitric Acid . Lbs. 664-80 2,222-98 564,918 ' 18,160 ' 583.078 950 00 100 00 2,175 00 46,393- 17 17,950-53 20,460-59 40,481-63 125,285-92 4,642 04 352,705-35 1,216-70 920 00 748-50 151 10 3,036-30 69 90 5,329 18 150,377 150,377 733,455 Mercury. Lbs. 61,516 ' '2,323' 63,839 19,039 19,039 82,878 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 10, 1901. STATISTICS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 97 for the Year ended June 30, 1901. Manufactured. Paid Duty Ex-Manufactoky. Warehoused. Total Duty Collected Ex-Manu- factory, including License Fees. Vinegar. Crude Fulminate. Vinegar. Duty. Vinegar. Crude Fulminate. Galls. 76,280-87 Lbs. ""75,921-00" ""2",733-i5 Galls. 73,375-65 75,739-22 22,553-72 19L137-86' $ cts. 2,935 05 3,029 57 902 13 "7',645'52' Galls. 2,905-22 106,202-84 30,315-45 '154,638-69" Lbs. % cts. 3,035 05 3,129 57 £52 13 300 00 7,820 52 400 00 181,942 06 52,869 17 "'345', 175 -95' 7^921-66 2,733-i5' ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ 656,268-05 78,654-15 362,806-45 14,512 27 293,461-60 78,654 15 15,637 27 260,218-43 101,208-48 121,177 11 32,424 43 ""22^496-66 221,693-55 79,142-69 75,936 14 22,033 02 8,867 78 3,165 72 3,211 98 881 32 38,524-88 22, 065 79 45,240-97 10,391-41 "' '22496 '66' 9,217 78 3,215 72 1 3,261 98 1,381 32 515,028-45 22, 496 00 398,805-40 16,126 80 116,223 05 22, 496 00 17,076 80 28, 436 13 22,115-58 884 63 6,320-55 984 63 1,199,732-63 101,150-15 783,727-43 31,523 70 416,005-20 101,150-15 33,698 70 II W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister, 98 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 APPENDIX A— Conimwe^— MANUFACTURES IN BOND. No. 27. — Comparative Statement of Manufactures Pkovence-s. Licenses. >Iatekials Used. No. Beer. Fees. I Spirits. | -vyjng ""*„ Nitric Acid. Mercury 1900. 1 Ontario 15 C^uebec 11 Xew Brunswick 1 s Galls. 1,225 i 213,654-19 72.5 69,218-27 50 .3,892-50 Galls. Lb.s. 2,122-84 j 575,269 1,671-80 j 74,635 174 40 i Lbs. 63,002^ 9,163 Totals. 27 2,000 286,764-96 3,96904 1901. Ontario Quebec New Brunswick . Totals. 25 1,125 222,777-39 2,222 98 649,904 583,078 950 100 2,175 125,285-92 1 3,036-30 ! 150,377 4,64204 69-90 ' 352,705-35 i 5, 329 18 733,455 72,16.5<^ 63,839 19,039 82,878 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 10, 1901. STATiISTlCS 99 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 for the Years ended June 30, 1900 and 1901. Manufacture u. Paid Duty ex-Manufactory. Warehoused. Total Duty Collected ; ex- Manu- factory, including License Fees. ;• $ cts. 14,430 51 10,498 59 809 13 25,738 23 Vinegar. Crude Fulminate. Vinegar. Duty. Vinegar. Crude Fiilminate. Galls. .529,533-24 282,344 -40 .25,167-30 Lbs. 78,120^ 10,782 88,9025 Galls. 330,138-69 238,746 -00 18,977 -76 $ cts. 13,205 51 9,773 59 759 13 Galls. 199,394-55 43,598-46 6,189 54 Lbs. 78,120f 10,782 837,045 00 587,862-45 23,738 23 249,182-55 88,902| 050, 268 05 515,028-45 28,436 13 78,654-15' 22,496 GO 362,806-45 398,805-40 22,115-58 14,512 27 10,126 80 884 63 293,461-60 116,223-05 6,320 55 78,654 15 22,496-00 15,037 27 17,070 80 ; 984 63 : 33,698 70 1,199, 732 -63 101,150-15 783,727-43 31,523 70 416,005-20 101,150 15 W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. 12—9 100 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 ArrENDJX A— Con^mwfrf— MAIS^UFACTURES IIST BOND. Dr. No. 28. — Warehouse Return for Remaining in Warehouse from Last Year. Vinegar. Galls. 1,106-70 14,975-21 Placed in Warehouse. Vinegar. 98,999-50 115,081-41 19,867-20 12,742-82 32,610 02 6,189-54 153,880-97 Galls. 2,905-22 106,202-84 30,315-45 154,038 09 293,461-60 38,524-88 22, 065 -79 45,240 97 10,391-41 Crude Fulminate. Lbs, 75,921-00 2,733 i5 78,654 15 116,223 05 6,320-55 416,005-20 22,496 00 22, 496 00 101,150-15 Received from other Divisions. Vinegar. Galls. 4,074 42 15,937-33 20,011-75 20,011-75 Totals Vinegar. Galls. 4,011-92 121,178-05 30,315-45 253,037-59 Crude Fulminate. Lbs. 408,543 01 42,599-30 41,932-99 61,178-30 23,134-23 108,844-82 12,510-09 589,897-92 75,921 00 '2,733-15 78,654-15 Divisions. . Brantford, Ont . Hamilton . Kingston . Prescott . Toronto .Windsor .Totals 22.490-00 . Montreal, Que . .Quebec n .St. Hyaeinthe m . . Sherbrooke m . 22,496-00 1 Totals. I.. St. ,Tohn, N.B... 101,150 15 i Grand totals. Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 10, 1901. ST A TISTICS 101 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 the Year ended June 30, 1901. Ck. Entered for Consumption. Vinegar. Galls. 2, 907 00 73, 757 11 13,332-25 105,935-25 195,931-61 15,290-92 19,8(;7-20 19,109-49 7,196-90 61,464-51 6,189-54 263,585-66 Duty. $ cts. 116 28 2,9.50 28 533 29 4,237 46 7,837 31 611 64 794 68 764 38 287 ^7 2,458 57 247 58 10,543 46 Removed to other Divisions. Vinegar. Galls 4,074-42 4,074-42 15,937-33 15,937-33 20,011-75 Exported. Vinegar. Galls. 728-18 728 -18 728-18 Duty. Remaining in Warehouse. Vinegar. .$ cts. I 75,921 00 "2' 733 -is 78,654 15 22, 496 00 22,496 00 101,150-15 Galls. 1,104-92 47,420-94 16,983-20 142,299-74 207,808-80 Totals. Vinegar. Galls. 4,011 92 121,17805 30,315-45 253,037-59 408, 543 01 27,308-38 22,065-79 42,068-81 91,442-98 6,320-55 305,572-33 42,.599-30 41,932-99 61,178-30 23,134-23 168,844-82 12,510 09 589,897-92 Crude Fulminate. Lbs. 75,921 -00 "'2,73.3 -is' 78,6.54 15 22,496-00 22,496 00 101,150 15 W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. 12—9^ J.02 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 APPENDIX A— Con^mwerf— MANUFACTURES IN BOND. Dr. No. 29. — Comparative Statement of "Warehouse Returns Remaining in Warehouse from Last Year. Placed in Warehouse. Vinegar. Vinegar. Crude Fulminate. Received from other Divisions. Vinegar. Totals. Vinegar. ^^^.i^:,,. Provinces. Galls. 4,871-72 15,628-50 Galls. 199,394-55 43,598-46 6,189-54 Lbs. 78,120| 10,782 Galls !l,046 16,194 20,500-22 I 249,182-55 ,902| 25,840 115,081-41 I 293,461-60 .32,61002 116,223 05 6,189-54 6,320 55 78,654-15 22,496 15.3,880-97 416,005-20 101,150 15 Galls. 21.3,912-98 75, 421 14 6,189 54 Lbs. 78,120| 10,782 1900. Ontario Quebec New Brunswick. 89 295,523-66 88,902| Totals , 1901. 408, .543 01 20,011-75 168,844 S2 12, 510 09 20,011-75 78, 0.54 15 22,496 Ontario. ... . . Quebec New Brunswick. 589,897-92 101,150 15 . Totals Island Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 10, 1901. STATISTICS 103 sessional: paper no. 12 for the Years ended June 30, 1900 and 1901. Cr. I]ntered for Consumption. Removed to other Divisions. Exported. Remaining in Warehouse Totals. Vinegar. Duty. Vinegar. Vinegar. Crude Fulminate. Vinegar. Vinegar. I Crude Fulminate. Galls. 69,984-88 41,365-73 $ cts. 2,799-40 1,654-62 Galls. 24,395-50 1,445 .39 Galls. 4, 451 19 Lbs. 78,120f 10,782 Galls. 115,081-41 32,610 02 6,189-54 Galls. 213,912-98 75, 421 14 6,189-54 Lbs. 78,120f 10,782 111,350-61 4,454-02 25,840-89 4,451-19 88,902f 153,880-97 295,523-66 88,902| 195,931 -6r 61,464-51 6,189-54 7,837-31 2,458-57 247-58 4,074-42 15,937-33 728-18 78,654-15 22,496 207,808-80 91,442-98 6,320-55 408,543-01 168,844-82 12,510 -09 78,654-15 22,496 263,585-66 10,543-46 20,011-75 728-18 101, 150 15 305,572-33 589,897-92 101, 150 15 Total duty collected, ex-i 11 on nanufactory and ex-warehouse 1900. 1901. $ 28,192 25 $ 42,067 16 2,000 00 2,175 00 Totals S 30. 192 25 S 44.242 16 ; W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. 104 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VTl., A. 1902^ ef II 11 t-^ t-iO o c; X © in S2 fc © lO •^rH ■* «0 t- © w i= in ^~^; c; in lO i-i m ~ -J" — . 1 in CI •-2 CO — ;^ t^ ^ ® t^x © t- ca ■w :3 y\ MXX-H^ *l • "!).©[- — « I ©_ d Q c3 'ce t-Tt^Tcf-sT c- 1 t-x c © "1 --" 1 =^ ^ ■6 c-j -.c in o o cc r-. C5 -* £? § SR L _ c? X CC X t^ CS — ©w© t> ■s. T-l CC X X Tf ""l.^,^ '"1 © cc ^ !>• 02 o -^■"c4"ini-r «f i-T—'t-^x' »^* SS" 2" S l^C^XO O -*C:t^TTC © iM © o ,-, Ss O - © M © « o «o t^ oc cr. m m 7-^ i^ C: '^ 1 "-1 in IN o ^ X T- -^ l^ •^ © t^X © t^ sg ?* -g 15 CC X X -- (M t-T— r--'x' x* ■.^ i-in in cocc^oi ICl CO eo o X Ot-HO © •f -^ 7-t^ T rH o ^ = 1 C f-l c: m QO XX t- 'I' X © S fH H QQ X f .£ l- rl © t-N 23 CO eo I'Sig w S CI ^'^^^"'■^ © in x' t-- go* "|-c>^ r^x in -r in © © iNfl (M » — n !S IM T— rH in 1-1 H C s r^ > 1^ 1 1 1 1 H 1 < © X • © X eq © © eo e. l-H 6 1-5 1 1 1 1 !z; 1 1 1 STATISTICS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 APPENDIX A— Continued— KCYITIO ACID. 105 No. 31. — Return of Manufactures for the Year ended June 30, 1901. J Divisions. Licenses, Manufac- tured. Paid Duty ex-Manuf.\ctory. Free, Duty paid Acid taken FOR re- Working. Ware- housed. Total Duty collected ex-Manu- factory, including License Fees. No. Fees. Acetic Acid. Acetic Acid. Duty. Acetic Acid. Acetic Acid. Toronto, Ont . . Montreal, Que. Totals 1 1 2 50 50 Galb. 223,555-84 7,754-67 Galls. 152,969-74 1,043-46 $ cts. 6,118 79 41 74 Galls. 4,827-77 Galls. 65,758-33 6, 711 -11 $ cts. 6,168 79 91 74 100 231,310-51 154,013-20 6,160 53 4,827 ■ 77 72,469-54 6,260 53 W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 10, 1901. No. 32. — Comparative Statement of Manufactures for the Years ended June 30, 1900 and 1901. Provinces. 1900. Ontario Quebec Totals 1901. Ontario Quebec Totals Licenses. Manufac- tured. Paid Duty ex-Manufactory. Free, Duty PAID Acid taken FOR re- Working. Ware- housed. Total Duty collected ex-Manu- factory, including License Fees. No. Fees. Acetic Acid. Acetic Acid. Duty. Acetic Acid. Acetic Acid. 1 1 50 50 Galls. 189,.511-36 45,316- 14 Galls. 163,166-28 44,772-14 $ cts. 6,526 65 1,790 90 Galls. Galls. 26, 345 08 544 00 $ cts. 6, .576 65 1,840 90 2 100 234,827-50 207,938-42 8,317 55 6,118 79 41 74 26,889 08 8,417 55 1 1 2 50 50 223, .555 -84 7,754-67 152,969-74 1,043 46 4,827-77 65,758-33 6,711-21 6,168 79 91 74 100 231,310 51 154,013-20 6,160 53 4, 827 -77 72,469-54 6,260 53 W. J. GERALD, Deputy 3Iinister. Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 10, 1901. TtO& INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 APPENDIX A— Continued— ACETIC ACID. Dr. iSTo. 33. — Warehouse Return for the Year ended June 30, 1901. Cr. Remain- ing in Ware- bouse from last year. Galls, 26,345 08 26,345 08 Placed in Ware- house. Galls. 65,758 33 6,711 21 72,469 54 Totals. Galls. 92,103 41 6,711 21 98,814 62 Divisions. .Toronto . .Montreal .Totals Entered for Con- sumption. Duty. Galls. 61,304 25 4,922 81 66,227 06 S cts. 2,452 18 196 91 2,649 09 Remain- ing in Ware- house. Galls 30,799 16 1,788 40 32,587 56 Totals. Galls. 92,103 41 6,711 21 98,814 62 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 10, 1901. W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. STATISTICS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 APPENDIX A.— Continued— AOm^lG ACID. 107 No. 34. — Comparative Statement of Warehouse Returns for the Years ended June 30, 1900 and 1901. Dr. Cr. Remain- ing: in Ware- house from last year. Galls. 26,800 33 3,390 6.5 Placed in Ware- house. Totals. 30,190 98 26,345 08 26,345 08 Galls. 26,345 08 544 00 26,889 08 65,758 33 6,711 21 72,469 54 Galls. 53,145 41 3,934 65 57,080 06 92,103 41 6,711 21 98,814 62 Provinces. 1900. Ontario . .Quebec . Totals 1901. . Ontario . Entered for Con- sumption. Galls. 26,800 33 3,934 65 30,734 98 61,304 25 .Quebec I 4,922 81 Totals 66,227 06 Duty. $ cts. 1,072 02 157 39 1,229 41 2,452 18 196 91 2,649 09 Remain- ing in Ware- house. Galls. 26,345 - 26,345 08 30,799 16 1,788 40 32,587 56 Totals. Galls. 5.3,145 41 3,934 65 57,080 06 92,103 41 6,711 21 98,814 62 1900. 1901. Total duty collected, ex-manufactory and ex-warehouse $ 9,546 96 $ 8,809 62 on licenses 100 00 100 00 $ 9^646 96 $ 8,909 62 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 10, 1901. W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. 108 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 APPENDIX k—Conliymed—'M'mB.Yl^A.'^WD SPIRITS. Xo. 35. — Statement showing quantity of Raw Materials on hand at beginning and end of year and brought in and used during the Year 1900-1901. Ur. Ck. (A) Names of Articles. Stock on hand July, 1900. Alcohol Wood Naphtha Pr'f gaUs. 4,387-52 5,117-82 Brought in during the year. Total to be Accounted for. Pr'f galls. 73,630-29 Pr'f galls. 78,017-81 28,229-24; 33,347 06 Used in manufacture of Methylated Spirits. Pr'f gaUs, 69, 138 13 26,898 96 Sold. Stock on hand June 30, 1901. Total Accounted for. Pr'f galls. 91-93 Pr'f galls. 8,879-68 6,356 17 Pr'f galls. 78,017:81 33, 347 06 (B) Statement showing quantity of Raw Material used and Methylated Spirits produced therefrom. Alcohol used. Statement (A) above. Wood Naphtha used. Statement (A) above. Methylated Spirits used. Statement •(C) below. Total to be Accounted for. Pr'f gaUs. 69,138-13 Pr'f galls. Pr'f galls. Pr'f galls. 26,898-96 ' 96,03709 Methylated Spirits produced. Loss in Manufacture. Pr'f galls. Pr'f galls. p. c. 94,65306 1,38403 1-46 Total Accounted for. Pr'f galls. 96, 037 09 (C) Statement showing quantity of Methylated Spirits on hand at beginning and end of year, and brought in, sold and otherwise accounted for during the Year. Stock on hand July 1, 1900. Brought Manufac- tured as above. ■, ■ ,-, Statement /'"""^ ^^''- (B) I y^'"' Pr'f galls. Pr'f galls. 2,911-68; 94, 653 06 Total to be Ac- conuted for. Sold. ! Used in ' Methylat- ' ed Spirits Ware- house. Prf galls, Pr'f galls. I Pr'f galls. Pr'f galls. 97,564-741 94,449 75 Re- used in Manufac- ture of Methylated Spirits. Stock on hand June 30, 1901. Total Accounted for. Pr'f galls, i Pr'f falls. , 3,114-99 Prf galls. 97,564-74 W. J. GERALD, Inland Revenue Department, Deputy Minister. Ottawa, August 10, 1901. STATISTICS 109 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 APPENDIX k— Continued. 1^0. 36. — Statement of Lumber measured, culled and counted, through the Office of the Supervisor of Cullers, at the Port of Quebec, during the Fiscal Year ended June 30, 1901. Pieces. Description. Measured '^and^ Tons standard, counted. Rate. Cullers' fees. Total accrued. 22,661 1 1 1,747 5,589 20,637 564 340 14 28 17 1,146 1 3 245 13,286 1,535 6,552 15,784 373 2,716 1 1 Waney White Pine Strincfid. 34,384 01 1 07 1 20 955 35 3,177 03 10,994 10 543 37 116 23 16 07 14 15 12 32 532 13 1 38 2 13 216 17 cts. H Add for $ cts. 4,778 51 839 27 2,652 88 $ cts. 1 i 8,270 66 0 12 Ked Pine Oak 1, Elm Ash „ Birch ,1 Maple ,t Hickory ir Bass wood 11 Cherry 11 Butternut Walnut 11 Balm of Gilead 1. White wood 11 Chestiuit Square White Pine 11 Red Pine 11 Oak Me isurec 50,970 29 13,428 11 1,526 35 10,704 39 18,503 08 309 26 1,110 07 0 29 0 22 11 Elm 11 Hickory . 11 Birch 1, Maple 11 Tamarac .... 32,156 06 fractions. . . . 8,270 78 Inland Revenue Department Ottawa, August 10, 1( W, J. )01. GERALD, Dejpuly Minister. 110 Dr. INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 No. 37. — Hydraulic and other Rents, &c., to c >> cts. 100 00 I 50 00 ! 150 00 1 50 00 200 00 ""4006 570 84 200 00 96 00 '380 66' 75 00 45 00 2 00 10 00 50 00 . 1 00 i'6o' 165 00 90 00 25 00 25 W S cts. 200 00 100 00 300 00 300 00 100 00 100 00 300 00 400 00 100 00 600 00 200 00 104 00 10 00 100 00 96 00 8 00 25 00 1 00 150 00 5 00 50 00 1 00 10 00 1 00 25 00 1 00 1 00 Totals. 1 1 1 1 00 100 00 00 00 00 25 00 25 00 1 00 1 00 12 (»0 5 00 5 00 1 00 50 00 8 cts. 300 00 150 00 450 00 300 00 100 00 150 00 300 00 600 00 100 00 GOO 00 2W 00 104 00 10 00 100 00 96 00 48 00 570 84 25 00 200 00 96 00 1 00 380 00 225 00 50 00 50 00 3 00 20 00 1 00 75 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 5 00 1 00 1 00 2 00 1 00 2 00 100 00 H>5 00 90 00 50 00 50 00 1 00 1 00 12 00 5 00 5 00 1 00 50 00 Location. Ottawa River Original Lessees. Perley & Pattee Thompson & Perkins. . . Lyinan Perkins , R. Blackburn et al 'McKay MillingCo., Ltd Present Occupants. J. R. Booth J. & J . Petrie A. H. Baldwin Ottawa Electric Ry. Co, Perley & Pattee. J. M. Currier Harris, Bronson & Co . . Levi Young J. R. Booth Bronson & Weston Ottawa Electric Co . Ottawa Electric Co N. S. Blaisdell The Bronson & Weston Lumber Co Ottawa Electric Ry. Co Perley & Pattee .J. R. Booth. . L. M. Coutlee Mary Conroy. .John Rochester Neree Tetreau Hon. J. Skead .IG. A. Grier& Co .. . j.Tohn Rankin . J. R. Booth .Colin Devvar . 1 Bronson & Weston . . Alfred Desjardins . . Thomas Aheam . Ottawa Investmeijt Co. . i Ottawa Electric Co St. Lawrence R.Que. Har. Commissioners I. . .Rich, and Ont. Nav. Co. Kingston, Ont. .The Frontenac Milling Co., Ltd Quebec ' Corporation of Quebec . . I M iNarcisseBlais. Richibucto Har. Wm. Hudson Rondeau Har. . . School Trustees. CoUingwood H . Ottawa Walkerton, Ont. Three Rivers.. . . BritishColumbia GreatNorth'n Transit Co. E. G. Laverdure D.Robert.son&.J. Rowland Corporation of Three Ri v. W. Ritchie A. Peel •Jonathan Maury Roderick Finlayson Joseph Spratt Bank of BritishColumbia W. Dodd D. W. Gordon . S. Williams. . . Geo. H. Huff . Canadian Pac. Ry. Co. John Reid . STA TISTICS 111 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 Lessees' Accounts, 19Q0-1901. Ok. L»escription of Property. Lots B and C, Chaudiere St., service ground Lot D , Lot.4 E, F and G, South Head St Lots H, I and J, grist mill, South Head St Lot K, fanning mill, South Head St Lot L, service ground Lots C^. R and T, service ground, North Middle St Lots M, N O and P, service ground (no water used) Lot S, service ground Lots IT, V, W, X and Y, service ground Two strips of land Lumber yard at head of slides Bridge over slides Strip of land, Amelia Island Keserve, head of Chaudiere Island Small Island, Deschenes Raiids ... Portion of lot 39, Concession ' A,' Nepean Excavate;d chaimel slide and two dams, Little Chaudiere. Water lots opposite lot 30, Concession ' A,' Nepean. . . . Three small islands, Ottawa River . . Covering over portion of Ottawa slide.s East portion of Hawley's Island Piece of land, south-west end of Unicm Bridge Piece of land on Victoria Island Piece of land, .south side of Middle St., Victoria Island.. Piece of land, Longue Pointe Rouge, Templeton, Ottawa County , Lot Pa, South Head St Small lot near Custom House, Quebec Roadway from pier at Cdteau Landing Portion of the Graving Dock, Gore St., Ont Old Provincial Government Building grounds on Mountain Hill Privilege to erect bridge on St. Charles River Piece of land at North Beach Use of old log house formerly used as Custom House, Shrewsbury, Ont Use of old breakwater for storing coal Southeast half of lot 8, Ottawa.. Right of way over strip of land Lot of land on St. Christojjher Island, St. Maurice River Outlet of River St. Maurice. Portion of Assay Office, New Westminster Privilege to erect two bulk heads, Ri ck Bay, Victoria Harbour Privilege to build a wharf opposite his own property, Victoria Harbour Right of drainage through Government property, Nauiiimo Old (Government House, Yale Beach lots A, C, E and F, front of 7, 8 and 9, Nanaimo Harbour Frontage on lot 7, block M, Victoria Permission to build a wharf on lot A, block 2, Somas River, Alberni, B.C Portion of Custom Hou.se lot. New Westminster Lot 1, block 13, corner Begbie and Columbia Sts., New Westminster <^ c3 O June 30, 1901 „ 30, 1901 „ 30, 1901 ., 30, 1901 Dec. 31, 1900 M 3], 1900 M 31, 1900 H 31, 1900 June 30, 1901 >, 30, Jan. 1, Sept. 20, JuneoO, Jan. 1, M 1, M 1, Feb. 1, Mar. 1, Dec. 1, May 1, Nov. 10, June 30, Nov. 12, June 15, Aug.31, Oct. 24, Jan. 10, Sept. 1, Jidy 1. 1901 1902 190] 1902 1902 1902 1901 188.5 1902 1891 ]891 1001 1891 1901 1902 1901 1901 1902 1901 1901 May 31, 1902 June 25, Feb. 6, June 30, Sept. 11, Feb. 5, Dec. 18, April 27, Dec. 1, June 30, June 11, „ 11, " 1, ,- 1, Dec. 1, July 24, Aug. 27, July 16, Aug. 12, April 14, 1902 1902 1900 1900 1902 1901 19021 1901 1901 1881 1881 1902 190? 1901 1900 1901 1901 1901 1902 May 12, 1902 $ cts, 200 00 100 00 300 00 150 00 100 00 150 00 300 00 600 00 100 00 600 00 200 00 104 00 10 00 100 00 90 00 a: O esco n 25 00 1 00 150 '66 "50 o6 3 00 20 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 5 00 1 00 1 00 2 00 25 00 25 00 1 00 1 00 12 00 5 00 5 00 1 00 50 00 •$ cts, 100 00 50 00 150 00 150 00 48 00 570 84 200 00 96 00 380 '66 75 00 50 00 75 00 1 00 2 00 100 00 165 00 90 00 25 00 25 00 Totals. $ cts. 300 00 150 00 450 00 300 00 100 00 150 00 300 00 600 00 100 00 600 00 200 00 104 00 10 00 100 00 96 00 48 00 570 84 25 00 200 00 96 00 1 00 380 00 225 00 50 00 50 00 3 00 20 00 1 00 75 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 5 00 1 00 1 00 2 00 1 00 2 00 100 00 165 00 90 00 50 00 50 00 1 00 1 00 12 00 5 00 5 00 1 00 50 00 112 Dr. $ cts. 70 00 20 00 240 00 ^ — _: 53 rtcc $ cts. 1 00 20 00 16 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 5 00 1 00 5 00 2,660 84 I 3,570 00 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 1^0. 37.--HYDRAULIC and other Rents, &c., Totals. $ cts. 70 00 1 00 40 00 16 00 1 00 240 00 1 00 1 00 10 00 1 00 6,230 84 24 Location. Riviere duLievre Original Lessees. 25 Charlottetown. 26 Riviere St. Mau- rice Antigonish,N.S Owen Sound . . . Windsor Levis, Quebec. . PortMorien, N.S 32 Bayfield, N.S.. 33 Dominion Phosphate Co. Ltd Rt. Rev.BishopMcIntyre Laurentides PulpCo.Ltd, L. 0. Archibald. _ Grand Trunk Railway Archie McNee ... Gyrille Robitaille .... The Gourie & Blackhouse Collieries, Ltd Chas. S. Gass . Present Occupants. Rt. Rev. Bishop Mc- Donald Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 10, 1901. STATISTICS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 Lessees' Accounts, 1900-1901 — Concluded. 113 Cr. Description of Property. Permission to erect a landing at Little Rapids, Riviere du Lievre Leave to connect drain to main service of public building Tract of land, Cliflte de la Grand-Mere, St. Maurice River Track of land and water lot, McNair's Cove Lot of land west of Sydenham River Lot on Ouellette St., Windsor, Ont Ground rent Water lot for the purpose of constructing a pier. Water lot Grand total 24 April 30, 1898 May IG, 1902 June 17, 1902 Dec. 30, 1901 M 31, 1901 April 30, 1900 „ 4, 1902 $ cts. 31 Dec. 20, 1901 32 „ 7, 1901 33 June 8, 1902 20 00 16 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 5 00 « o c „ "SCO pa $ cts. 70 00 1 00 20 00 240 00 5 00 1 00 3,541 00 2,689 84 Totals. $ cts. 70 00 1 00 40 00 16 00 1 00 240 00 1 00 1 00 10 00 1 00 6,330 84 W. J. GERALD, Dejputy Minister. 114 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 APPEIS'DIX Xo. 37 (A). — Hydraulic and other Rente, &c. — S cts. 12,092 83 433 34 333 34 300 00 147 80 248 40 154 80 600 00 333 33 533 33 333 33 63 00 15,573 50 6,298 25 558 00 120 00 306 00 155 22 275 82 208 95 828 00 190 00 298 68 35 91 100 00 100 00 9,474 83 S cts. 12,092 83 4.^ 34 333 34 300 00 147 80 . 248-40 154 80 600 00 333 33 533 33 333 33 63 00 15,573 50 6,298 25 558 00 120 00 306 00 155 22 275 82 208 95 828 00 190 00 298 68 35 91 100 00 100 00 9,474 83 Hamilton and Port Dover Road.. Bonner's proiJerty, Quebec Name of Proprietors. Land Sales— Principal Account. Choat and Kern Timothy SuUivan, now M. Murphy. .John Bailey, now Alex. Powell . . . . , Abraham Thompson John Boomer John Garbatz, now J. C. Nolan N. H. Bowen Estate Robert Reid John Chevalier Daniel Holden George Greeley Thomas McAdam Land Sales — Interest Account. Hamilton and Port Dover Road..jChoat & Kern (matured) Bonner's property, Quebec. . . . Timothy Sullivan, now M. Murphy. John Bailey, now Alex. Powell . . . . Abraham Thompson John Boomer John Garbatz, now J. C. Nolan. . . . N. H. Bowen Estate Robert Reid .John Chevalier Daniel Holden George Greeley Thomas McAdam Joseph Brook, tenant Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 10, 1901. STATISTICS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 A — Concluded. Lessees' Accounts, 1900-1901 — Concluded. 115 Description of Property. Hamilton and Port Dover & Caledonia Bridge Lot No. 1, Wolfe Street 9 „ „ 49 „ II 73 and 74, Tower Street M 64, Wolfe Street and 211 and 252 Ware Street. II 67 and 68, Monument Street ,1 22 and 23, Wolfe Street „ 32, Wolfe Street ,1 65 and 66, Wolfe Street M 31, Wolfe Street M 135, Church Street Lot No. 1, Wolfe Street 9 H 49 „ 73 and 74, Tower Street 64, Wolfe Street, and 211 and 252 Ware Street 67 and 68, Monument Street 22 and 23, Wolfe Street 32, Wolfe Street 65 and 66, Wolfe Street 31, WolfeStreet 135, Church Street Monument Hotel 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 ^.2 V ^ ri eS 53 5 Q Totals. $ cts 12,092 83 433 34 333 34 300 00 147 80 248 40 154 80 600 00 333 33 533 33 333 33 63 00 June May Nov. 30, 1874 1, 1889 1, 1863 $ cts. 12,092 83 433 34 333 34 300 00 147 80 248 40 1.54 80 600 00 333 33 533 33 333 33 63 00 15,573 50 6,298 25 558 00 120 00 306 00 155 22 275 82 208 95 828 00 190 00 298 68 35 91 100 00 100 00 9,474 83 15,573 50 6,2&8 25 558 00 120 00 306 00 155 22 275 82 208 95 828 00 190 00 298 68 35 91 100 00 100 00 9,474 83 W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. I'J— 10 116 IXLAXD BE VENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 APPEITDIX B. 2^o_ 1. Details of Excise Expenditures for the Year ended June 30, 190], To whom paid. McAllister, A Standish, J. G Pole, C. W... McCoy, W . McCuaig, A. 1 McFee, A. C . Brown, W. J. Service. Belleville. Salary as Collector for year Special Class Exciseman for year Deputy Collector for year 1st Class Exciseman n . Deputy Collector n . . 3rd Class Exciseman « . . Probationary Exciseman from March 25, 1901, to Deduction's for I IK '-5 pi § cts. Spence, John. Sinon, E. H.. Walsh, D. J . . Wejrms, C . . . Bell, J. E. . . Hart, P. D.. Orr, H. N... Berry, H. L.. Sloan, Wm . . June 30, 1901. Salaries Contingencies. 6 71 6 71 Brantford. Salary as Collector from July 1 to Aug. 31,1900 Deputy Collector from July 1 to Aug. 31, 1900, and Collector from Sept. 1, 1900, to June 30, 1901 . . . Special Class Exciseman for year IstClass Exciseman for year 1st 2nd 1st 3rd Deputy Collector from Sept. 1, 1900, to June 30, 1901 i. o S 3 $ Cts. 37 80 28 04 25 96 20 23 16 04 24 60 S cts, 7 20 4 32 3 60 3 00 2 88 2 88 0 72 Amounts paid. S cts. 1,845 00 1,367 64 1,270 44 992 28 781 08 677 52 126 95 152 67 24 60 5 32 27 30 24 00 19 96 19 96 16 96 30 53 30 72 45 80 Salaries..... | 76 52, 144 03 Contingencies Cornwall. Mulhern, M. M. . [Salary as Collector for year Contingencies Powell, J. B Till, T. M Dawson,.W . . . . Woodward, G.W. Broadf oot, S Bish, P... Spence, F. H . . Bowman, A 0'Donoghue,M.J Kilroy, n. T . — Brain, A. F O'Brien, E.G.. Howie, A Guclph. Salary as Collector for year , „ June 30, 1901 .... Actual disbursements agreeing with Statement No. 4, page 12 49 08 343 98 367 75 49 08 392,748 91 416 83 392,332 08 W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 10, 1901. 1 12—11 132 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 APPENDIX ^—Continued, 1^0 2. — Details of Fees paid to Cullers for the Fiscal Year ended June 30, 1901. Office. Article. Quebec Square timber Names of (jullers. Amounts paid. Bergeron, Joseph. Frederick, Antoine, Kelly, Edward . . . McKendry, Daniel. McPeak, William. . O'Brien, Martin O. $ cts. 700 00 700 00 700 00 700 00 700 00 700 00 Totals, $ cts. 4,200 00 Inland Revenue Department, , Ottawa, August 10, 1901. W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. STATISTICS 133 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 ^^ SP-( O-f o oo^s O O O O © IC C/3 CO lO lO O S^ lO CO CO CO CO I— I O GO t^ t^ l^ t^ g o Sa rt coPQcc 0©©iM©OCO©IM©tOO©»OCO©IoK® O5C0NI0 =3"^'-' S^^C IMTt-^ScN =« d Si3 (= = -^.S c "^ e^'5 u ■ SfS^ 03 ^S"^ 1%^ j2 a S s SP2- ■^ hc:§ i^ rt i=l fl "t" ^; to ^^tg > ^t2 =« ■=« ^ o ?« « gi ,_■ to ca ce 5 o o ooS^ffiWo-^ C 12-lH 134 INLAND REVENUES O 5z5 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Oh 5J P o o CO ® O) d -^ O t-i ■73 O O (4-1 o E-i ^ CJ IS O t-- i-H lO ©OTt<000000000-*SOOCC:C'0© COCC^OOOCOOOOCOCOOOOCOO ©oeoooocoococ^:oOwC:©ooS' 0©X©C:0©C©©©©CC©=; 00©C©© W i?l CJ T1 ?1 71 M M 71 75 71 7-1 71 71 71 71 71 71 7J ^ ft^ Z re ^ ^ ~«-- C3.--- iS-i >:S S.2 1 0 ••' • ■ ? '.2 -i ^O-p 2 1 T : 2 i a i^;=.-—r'. — i: p^cn^'sas ST A TISTIOS 135 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 CO O t^ CO L^ © © O O O OCJ O O O O © O I- (M (N SSlCq . o ^ h i 0) t: o c 1 o 1 << ^-'D 0-- "-P-lr „ ci -5 - s o G >^ Sq e;-^ fe tJ < H-5 ^' O OS H OQ !?; S tel bf) y Vi S < *« P4 •«1 P &: O H w H p o &3 > M « A ;z; <3 1^ iz: 136 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 APPENDIX B— Continued. No. 4. — Distribution of Seizures for the Year ended June 30, 1901. Divisions. Belleville . Brantford.. ■. .. Comwall Guelph Hamilton To whom paid. Floody, E Kingston , Ottawa. . . Peterborough . . Prescott . . . Owen Sound . . St. Catharines.. Stratford Fairbairn, R. D. McAllister, A. . Bill, J. E Cameron, D. M. Curless, C. . Floody, E PoweU, J. B... Fairbairn, R. D. Floody, E Fairbairn, R. D. Miller, W.F. ... Crawford, W. P. Floody, E. . Floody, E Costigan, H. A. Floody, E, Fairbairn, R. D. Howden, R. . . . Gerald, W. H. . Keeler, W. H. Graham, W. J. Hesson, C. A.. Schram, R. L . . Floody, E Floody, E Fairbairn, R. D. Service. Ontario. For his portion of seizure No. 6 „ Genl. „ 4345 ,, ,-4345...... To pay informer penalty in seizure No. 6. For his portion of seizure No. 44 M 44 M 11 M 87 Genl. 87 35. 36. 35. 36 35 36. 35 4651 4652. 178. 4662 187. 189. 190. 191. 192. Le.SS — Overpaid in previous distribution To pay informer penalty in seizure No. 190 „ Genl. M 4662 M 192 For his portion of seizure No. 20. 21. Genl. Genl. 4341. 20. 21 4341. 21. 36 36 4676. 18. 18. 26. 4473. lei. 101 4473 101 101 Amounts paid. S cts. 21 15 39 38 14 36 22 59 14 35 22 59 14 35 22 58 20 00 25 00 28 05 25 00 14 63 18 82 7 73 5 00 29 00 75 18 10 65 5 00 25 00 25 00 13 58 17 92 28 75 13 58 17 92 28 75 27 50 16 24 26 87 27 50 16 24 26 88 STATISTICS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 APPENDIX ^—Continued. No. 4. — Distribution of Seizures, 1900-1901 — Continued. 137 Divisions. Stratford. Toronto. . Windsor. Montreal . To whom paid. Caven, A . Egener, A. Floody, E. Fairbairn, R. D. Her, B... Boomer, J. B. Falconer, J. B. Cook, W. R Frankland, H. R. . Floody, E Service. Ontario — Concluded . For his portion of seizure, Genl. Dunlop, C . Tansey, .J. P. F Brabant, J. B. G. N. Warren, .1. S. . Cinq-Mars, A. Watkins, .J. A. Ryan, W Beauchamp, J. P. Lawlor, H Genl. To pay informer penalty in seizure Genl. No. 101 ,. 101 M 341 H 342 H 364 372 4444 4445 .341 342 4444 4445 341 342 374 372 378 4619 374 378 For his portion of seizure No. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 65. 66. 67. Quebec. For his portion of seizure No. 513. H 897. „ 958. „ 975. M 979 H 980. „ 1030. n 1042 „ 879. M 958. „ 975 „ 979. „ 980. „ 1030. ,. 1042. 980. 994. 994. 1026. 1026. 1029. Amounts paid. $ cts 18 34 16 72 5 00 2 .50 89 38 28 25 18 33 16 72 89 37 28 25 18 33 16 71 7 75 I 75 5 00 37 65 23 22 48 22 23 21 97 85 23 22 48 22 23 22 1 75 25 00 0 08 29 65 0 08 21 45 29 02 25 00 0 07 29 65 0 09 21 i5 29 02 0 08 0 75 1 47 8 47 Totals. •S cts. 16 24 16 23 160 19 152 67 42 79 2 50 5 00 100 00 12 75 230 15 94 66 5 25 107 03 1 75 105 28 0 83 0 75 1 47 138 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 APPENDIX B— Continued. No. 4. — Distribution of Seizures, 1900-1901 — Continued. Divisions. Montreal— Con. Quebec . , To whom paid. Lawlor, H. Service . Kearney, D. J . Quebec — Continued. For his portion of seizure No. 10.31 . , 1036.. 1043.. 1045.. 1046.. 1047.. 1048., Amounts paid. Topayinformer penalty in seizure No. 1031 1043 1048 1051 1057 1058 1059 1060 For his portion of seizure No. 1026 ... 1027.... 1029 Jones, F. L. Compte, J . . , Fox, T Lambert, E. A, Bourget, O Lepine, L . . . . Trudel, E Pelletier, N. G Bouliane, S . . . LaRue, G 1031 . . . 1035.. 1036... 1041 . . . 1043 . . . 1045 . 1046... 1047... 1048 ., 1051... 1003. 1038. 1035. 1041. 1043 1051 Less — Overpaid in previous distribution. . For his ix)rtion of seizure No. 2,160 439 501. 443 492. 507 $ cts. 4 05 0 13 43 22 24 86 32 63 26 60 24 55 Totals. 5 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 5 00 50 00 50 00 5 00 1 46 0 30 8 48 4 05 14 .52 0 12 2 76 43 21 24 86 32 64 26 60 24 55 21 75 6 14 1 50 14 53 2 77 43 21 21 75 82 26 2 22 37 00 39 90 10 00 14 50 5 48 For his ixjrtion of seizure No. 443. 443. 481. 492. 507. 452.. 495.. 496. 498.. To pay informer penalty in seizure No. 452 10 00 15 00 14 50 5 47 46 60 46 10 48 10 $ cts 165 98 265 00 205 30 7 64 80 04 10 00 76 90 29 98 10 00 44 97 5 00 140 80 5 00 STATISTICS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 APPENDIX B— Continued. No. 4. — Distribution of Seizures, 1900-1901 — Concluded. 139 Divisions. Sherbrooke St. Hyacinthe. . To whom paid. Simp.son, A. F Boivin, C. A . . Simpson, A. F. To pay informer penalty in seizure No. 197 197 199 For his portion of seizure No. 39 59 St. Johns, Que. Simpson, A. F Paquet, J. T . . . . Brabant, J. B. C. B St. John, N.B..|Floody, E Halifax . Winnipeg. Fitzpatrick, W. G . Floody, E Blethen, G. W.. Tompkins, P Grant, H. H ... Fairbairn, R. D Gosnell, T. S . , . Barrett, J. K . . . Service. For his portion of seizure No. 86 . 197. 199. 55 . 61 . 76 . 76 . 81 . 94 . 96 . G 2,494 . 169 . G 4,484 . G 4,486 . G4,557i. G 4,634 . 169 . 169 . 169 . 53 . 53 62 . 63 . 64 . Amounts paid. $ cts. 0 96 59 67 21 90 25 00 25 00 25 00 2 00 1 00 4 00 1 00 Grand total Less— Refund 39 90 49 00 14 01 200 00 25 00 200 00 4 87 20 50 5 00 19 00 Totals. $ cts. 82 53 75 00 3 00 5 00 5 21 5 21 18 35 88 90 2 40 439 01 50 00 14 01 14 01 14 00 4 88 49 37 3,910 15 50 00 3,860 15 RECAPITULATION. Ontario $ 1,770 30 Quebec 1,413 27 New Brunswick 91 30 Nova Scotia 531 03 Manitoba 54 25 Total $ 3,860 15 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 10, 1901. W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. 140 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 APPENDIX B— Continued. No. 5. — Details of Sundry Minor Expenditures for the Fiscal Year ended June 30, 1901. To whom paid. Services. Amounts paid. Halloran, G. F. O American Bank Note Co Law costs in re Rex vs. J. A. Gagnon. Printing law stamps * cts . 49 45 36 25 Add— Printing . Total 85 70 5 67 Roy, Geo Will's, E.X '.'.'..'.'.'.'.'.'.'. Grain, T. A...... W. Wilson, C. A.... St. Martin, A Castle, C. C, Winnipeg Horn, D Lawlor, W. H Parmelee, W. G Gerald, W. .J Frankland, H. R Hadrill, George, Secre- tary Board of Trade, Montreal Bell, Chas H., Secretary Board of Trade, Win- nipeg Horn, David Inspection of Staples. Salary as chief inspector of raw hides Travelling expenses and rent, &c .. Purchases of samples of grain and travelling expenses of delegates in connection with board meetings to determine standards of grain. &c Expenses in connection with meeting of examiners for the examination of candidates Expenses attending examination in Montreal Expenses attending Royal Commission, Montreal . . . Services rendered as secretary of Royal Commission, Montreal Reporting and transcribing evidence of Royal Com- mission, Montreal Salary of typewriter from Aug. 30 to Oct. 26 at .S60 per month -S 111 50 Nine months' rent of office at S25 per month 225 00 Travelling and other expenses as warehouse commissioner 964 46 Travelling expenses, &c., attending Royal Commis- sion, Montreal Freight and express charges on flour samples Expenses attending Royal Commission, 5lontreal . . . Express charges Expenses of board meetings to determine standards of grain . Expenses in connection with the examination of can- didates, Montreal 1,500 00 160 98 627 03 9 95 10 50 433 85 341 00 622 20 1,300 96 569 40 29 23 377 25 ISO 00 0 30 506 77 68 97 Expenses of board meetings to determine standards. of grain 1 Exp>en8es in connection with grain warehouse | 1,081 85 14 75 i 7,834 99 Add— Advance to be accounted for by David I Horn 7,000 00 Totals. S cts, 91 37 14,834 99 ST A TI8TICS 141 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 APPENDIX ^—Continued. No. 5. — Details of Sundry Minor Expenditures, 1900-1901 — Continued. To whom paic'. Macfarlane, Thomas. McGill, A Tourchot, A. L. J . . . Watson, James .... Tyrrell, M. J Wright, S. E Leveque, H Watson, James Kidd, Thomas. . . , . . . Costigan, J. J Ferguson, J. C Waugh, R. J Saucier, X . Fletcher, R. W Parkinson, E. B . . . . Macfarlane, Thomas. Watson, James Kidd, Thomas Costigan, J. J . . . . Ferguson, J. C Waugh, R. J Saucier, X Parkinson, E. B Bowman, M. Valade, F. X . Ellis, W. H . Fiset, M. Kenrick, E. B. Harrison, ,F. T. Fagan, C. J . Services. AnULTERATION OF FOOD. rr ^ C £l ^ ^ TS o s % cts, Salary as Chief Analyst for the year j fiO 00 ?8 00 1st Assistant Analyst for the year, 2nd n M .. Clerk in laboratory u Messenger in laboratory Food Inspector 5 00 3 00 4 00 Contingencies. Travellmg and other expenses . . . 110 00 Allowance under Act for retaining fees 11 ir rent 11 II material used in analysis. Fees for analysis Allowance under Act for retaining fees 11 II rent 11 II material used in analysis. Fees for analysis Allowance under Act for retaining fees II 11 rent II 11 material used in analysis. Fees for analysis Allowance under Act for retaining fees 11 11 material used in analysis . . Fees for analysis .' Allowance under Act for retaining fees II II rent II II material used in analysis . II II cartage Fees for analysis , Allowance under Act for retaining fees 11 11 material used in analysis . Fees for analysis Allowance under Act for retaining fees 11 II rent II II material used in analysis. Fees for analysis Amounts paid. $ cts, 2,940 00 1,862 00 1,250 Oo 950 00 GOO Oo 600 00 450 00 200 00 500 00 245 00 147 00 300 00 196 00 200 00 200 00 893 40 567 01 416 95 424 86 168 00 216 16 119 55 136 17 150 00 75 00 75 00 721 00 150 00 75 00 75 00 740 67 150 00 75 00 75 00 880 00 150 00 75 00 720 00 150 00 75 00 75 00 2 50 560 00 150 00 75 00 710 00 150 00 75 00 75 00 487 00 Totals. $ cts. 10,640 00 2,942 10 1,021 00 1,040 67 1,180 00 945 00 862 50 935 00 787 00 142 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 APPENDIX 'Q— Continued, -^o^ 5. — Details of Sundry Minor Expenditures, 1900-1901 — Continued. To whom paid. Parkinson, E. B.. Benedict, F. R Whitehead, Mrs. J Dominion Express Co.. . Eimer & Amend Watson, Miss A Lyman Sons & Co Skinner, J. & Co McGill, A Girdwood, Dr. G. P.... Choquette, Rev. C. P . . Gooderham & Worts . . . Muller & Co., London .. Dessaints, Mrs Can. Pacific Ry. Co ... . DesRosiers, E. R O'Reilly & Murphy ... Ehrhardt & Metzger Blyth& Watt McNeil & Stewart Doyle, J. E. & Co Ah earn & Soper Boyd en Furniture Co. . . Storey, D Dunn, Mrs. S Leger, E. J Johnson, Matthew Butterworth & Co Turchot, A. L The Ottawa Literary S.S Service. Adulter.\tion of Food — Continued. Contiiujencies — Continued. Fees for analysis Typewriting list of druggists and grocers, &c.. . . . Services cleaning instruments, &c., for the year . . Express charges Chemicals apparatus and materials for laboratory Folding and addressing circulars, &c Chemical supplied to laboratory Travelling expenses _■ Attending meeting of Board of Examination of candi- dates for public analysts Spirits for laboratory 2 Chapman's essential oil apparatus and case Services rendered in June, 27 days at 75e. per day . Freight charges Chemicals for laboratory Electric work as per contract for laboratory Apparatus for laboratory Materials, labour and fitting up laboratoiy 2 Andrews chairs 9,000 crown capsules 1 resistance box and plug Furniture for laboratory Lumber, materials for laboratory Charwoman in laboratory Chemicals for m Materials supplied to laboratory Amounts paid. § cts. Topley, W. J Murphy, J.J Curry, J. P Chandler, Massey Valin, J. A. G Mead, Miss M Davidson, Miss E Canadian Express Co. . . Dominion Express Co. . American Express Co.. Maveity, Mrs. S Potvin, Amanda Payment, T Dupont, J. C Storr, A. M St. Cyr, Jean Potvin, N Travelling expenses to St. Hyacinthe Printing 500 copies of Mr. McGil! illustrated paper on well water 1 camera and outfit Sundries for St. Hyacinthe laboratory Cartage of laboratory Chemicals apparatus for laboratory Services in laboratory, Ottawa Express charges Washing towels. Soap, &c . . Matches, &c. Sundry petty expenses . Add— Printing. . . Stationery . 39 00 137 .50 15 80 238 15 26 40 67 23 41 60 11 89 40 00 50 00 32 88 6 55 20 25 8 16 21 30 85 35 39 07 1,245 87 14 00 27 00 5 75 208 60 256 26 .19 61 147 62 180 37 49 53 11 20 17 51 66 70 19 80 54 00 61 78 181 98 99 99 60 00 49 84 77 25 1 20 45 00 19 50 12 00 8 25 1 ,50 1 00 3 35 267 86 240 16 Totals. S cts. 120 00 3,827 59 24,300 86 508 02 24,808 88 STATISTICS 143 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 APPENDIX B— Continued. No. 5.— Details of Sundry Minor Expenditures, 1900-1901 — Concluded. To whom paid. Service. Adulteration of Yood— Concluded. Contini/encies — Concluded. Add — Balances due by Food Inspectors July 1, 1901. . Less— Balance.s due by Food Inspectors June 30, 1901 . Total adulteration of food expenditure Grand total, agreeing with statement No. 12, page 21 . . , Totals. $ cts. 298 30 25,107 18 22.5 81 24,881 87 39,807 73 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 10, 1901. W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. 144 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 APPENDIX B— Continued. '^o 6 Details of Departmental Expenditures for the Year ended June 30, 1901. Names. Hon. M. E. Bernier Miall, B Gerald, W. J do Himsworth, W Campeau, F. R. E.. Hall, C. R Valin, J. E Carter, W Shaw, J. F Doyon, J. A Westman, T Blatch, F. K Newby, F Byrnes, John Quain, R Fowler, G Dunne, J. P Bums, John Winter, C. F Lebel, J. A. W ... Hughes, P. A Hudon, L. E McCullough, A . . . Bouchette, R. Errol do Halliday, W. A Chevrier, Blanche. . , Rank. Minister Commissioner . Period. Assistant Commissioner and Chief Inspector Deputy Minister Chief Clerk and Secretary Chief Clerk and Chief Acc'tant Assistant Accountant Accountant's Branch Clerk.. . . Assistant Secretary Chief Statistical Clerk, Ac- countant's Branch Weight and Measures Clerk, Accountant's Branch Statistical Clerk, Accountant's Branch Clerk of Supplies, Secietary's Branch Secretary's Branch Clerk Accountant's Branch Clerk.. . . Stamp Clerk, Secretary'.* Br'ch Accountant's Branch Clerk . . . Weights and Measures Clerk, Accountant's Branch Second Class Clerk Secretary's Branch Clerk Accountant's Branch Clerk.. Statistical Clerk, Accountant's Branch Secretary's Branch Clerk — Second Class Clerk Private Secretary Accountant's Branch Clerk. Junior Second Class Clerk . Potvin, X Messenger Yetts, R. P Total salaries. For the year .... From July 1, '00, to Mav 31, 1901. FromJy 1,'00,^ to June 5, "01. I From June 6, to [ June 30, 1901. j For the year From July 1, '00, to Feb. 28, 1901. For the year From July 1, '00, to Feb. 28,1901. For the year . . . From July 1, '00, to Jan. 31,1901 For the year. . . . From Feb. 1 to June 30, 1901... For the year . . . Amounts paid. S cts. From March 2, to .June 30, '01. Retirem. Fund, .89.92 For the year 58 63 60 28 48 00 48 00 24 00 3(5 00 36 00 32 00 30 00 29 00 18 64 28 00 28 00 28 00 28 00 28 00 28 00 25 00 22 47 38 50 38 50 16 21 16 03 "26'28' S cts. 7,000 00 2,874 63 2,953 61 2,352 00 2,352 00 1,176 00 1,764 00 1,764 00 1,568 00 1,470 00 1,421 00 914 64 1,372 00 1,372 00 1,372 00 1,372 00 1,372 00 1,372 00 1,225 00 619 15 1,061 50 1,061 50 798 00 442 35 600 00 726 12 Retirement. 188 47 15 60 ' 504 40 12 60 407 40 799 74 9 92 809 66 Totals. S cts. 43,475 77 STATISTICS 145 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 APPENDIX B-^Continued, No. 6. — Details of Departmental Expenditures, 1900-1901 — Continued. Names. Hagerty, Miss B Lawless, Miss E. M Robillard, G. A , Chateavivert, G. E Chevrier, Miss Blanche Postmaster Controller of Stationery King's Printer C. P. Railway Co. 's Telegraph G. N. W. Telegraph Co The Bell Telephone Co Sproule, W. H. & Co., Ottawa McNeill & Stewart, Ottawa McNeill, E. R Miall, E Jones, Yarnell & Poulter, London, Eng. Chemical and Electrician The Budget, Quebec Le Re veil, Montreal La Tribune, St. Hyacinthe Le Bulletin Mensuel du Travail The Canadian Gazette, London, Eng. . . , Toronto Daily Star Canadian Manufacturer, Toronto The Chronicle, Quebec , The Catholic Record, London Scientific American Suj^plement, N.Y. ., The Winnipeg Dailj' Tribune La Presse, Montreal Le Temps, Ottawa Mail and Empire, Toronto. L'Union de St. Hyacinthe The Catholic Register, Toronto The Witness, Montreal The Daily Sun, Belleville Le Progres, Windsor , . . . The Chatham Banner News Canadian Mining Review, Ottawa The Gazette La Patrie The Journal Toronto Saturday Night Le Soleil, Quebec The Daily Telegraph, Quebec Acadian Recorder, Halifax The Citizen, Ottawa Manitoba Free Press, Winnipeg , The Intelligencer, Belleville , Daily Times, Hamilton The 'Herald Punishing Co., Montreal... Daily Morning ( 'hronicle, Halifax L'Union des Cantons de I'Est, Artha baskaville The Despatch, Hull, P.Q Le Cultivateur, Montreal Globe Printing Co., Toronto The Toronto World : Service. Contingencies. Extra clerk for the year . It for Jan. and Feb. Postage Stationery Books Parliamentary publications . . . Printing . .. . Lithographing Telegraph account 1900. Telephone messages , Repairing clocks, &c 1 (12 drawers) fitting cabinet Rent of 1 Smith-Premier typewriter from Sept. 21 to Dec. 21, 1900 at, $3 per month Travelling expen.ses Subscription . . Amounts paid. $ cts. 475 00 475 00 245 06 447 26 81 66 32 83 1,760 26 35 30 180 85 1,112 24 66 00 187 47 137 68 37 55 6 25 24 00 9 00 16 40 10 71 4 87 5 00 9 00 1 00 0 75 8 76 3 75 1 00 6 00 2 00 7 00 4 00 3 00 3 00 4 00 2 OO 1 00 6 00 5 00 1 00 4 00 6 00 12 00 6 00 6 50 4 00 6 00 4 25 10 00 6 00 8 00 12 00 6 00 6 00 5 00 2 00 3 50 1 00 8 00 3 00 Totals. $ cts 146 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 APPENDIX B— Continued. jS'o. 6. — Details of Departmental Expenditures, 1900-1901. — Concluded. Names. Service. 1 i Amounts m , , paid. Totals. Bryson, Graham & Co The New Capital Ice Co Batterton, T Storr, A. M Maveity, Mrs. S Dupont, J. C Paj'ment, T Canadian Express Co Contingencies— Conclnded. Towels, cloth, etc Supplying ice . •S cts. S cts. 60 58 15 00 30 94 86 65 60 00 10 95 Packing Cartage Washing towels Sundries for department Soap, &c 16 50 5 30 2 25 4 50 Freight Sundries for department Graves Bros Sproule, W. H 2 80 6 25 , 20 08 1 Repairing clocks Potvin N Total, Departmental Contingencies Authorized disbursements (less super- annuation) and retirement 5,859 70 49,335 47 Add— Balance due June 30, 1901 Less— Balance due July 1, 1900 Actual disbursements, agreeing with Statement No. 17, page 42 16 66 49,352 13 16 66 49,335 47 W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 10, lOul. STATISTICS 147 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 APPENDIX B— Continued. No. 7. — Details of Weights and Measures Expenditures for the Year ended June 30, 1901. To whom paid. Service. Deductions for t a 1 7? 6 Amounts paid. Johnson, W Slattery, T .... Irwin, S Behan, J. J Errett, R. W.... Freed, A. T McDonald, J Marentette, A . . . Fitzgerald, E. W. Laidman, R. H . . Wheatley, A. E. . Jarvis, H Macdonald, 3. A. Sala Sala Sala Salai Salai Belleville. ry as Inspector for year $ cts. $ Cts. 24 00 13 96 13 96 $ cts. 3 60 1 80 1 80 1 80 1 80 •S cts 1,172 40 I Mechanical Inspector for vear 684 24 I Asst. Inspector for year . . . Salaries 684 24 598 20 198 12 51 92 10 80 3,337 20 Contingencies 2, .546 24 Hamilton. ry as Inspector for year 3 60 1 80 1 80 1 80 1 80 1 80 1 80 1,596 36 782 16 782 16 1 Asst. Inspector for year . . . 16 04 16 04 748 20 698 16 „ ... 648 12 598 20 Salaries.. 32 08 14 40 5,853 36 1,210 30 Contingencies Ottaiva. ry as Inspector for year 3 60 1 80 1 80 1 80 1 80 1,396 32 598 20 551 16 700 93 556 44 McFarlane, J Win.sor, J. A, . . . Elliott, T. H Kelly, D Milligan, R. J . . . Wright, R. J.... Smith, J. C Murdoch, .J Hay ward, W. J . Coughlin, D Thomas, J. S . . . . Hughes, R. A... 7 04 1 11 11 Insurance Insur- ance. 41 76 41 76 7 04 10 80 3,803 05 1,571 40 Contingencies Toronto. y as Inspector for year 3 60 1 80 1 80 1 80 1 80 1,296 36 798 12- 782 17 598 20 598 20 Asst. Inspector for year . . . 16 03' 11 n Salaries 16 03 10 80 4,073 05 1,789 27 1,172 40 798 12 798 12 648 .12 Contingencies Windsor. y as Inspector for year 24 00 3 60 1 80 1 80 1 80 Mechanical Inspector for year Asst. Inspector for year . . . Salaries 24 00 9 00 3,416 76 1,504 68 Total amounts paid. $ cts. 5,883 44 7,063 66 5,374 45 5,862 32 4,921 44 12—12 148 IX LAND REVENUES 1-2 EDVv.'.RD VII., A. 1902 APPENDIX B—Coniinued, ;^ro. 7. — Details of "Weights and Measures Expenditures, 1900-1901 — Con. Chalus. J. o. .. Daoust, J. A . . . Gervais, S. . . . Hebert, J. A. P. Boudet, E Collins, D Baker, J. S . . . - Tomlinson, W.M. Dessert, V Fournier, L. A. . . Quay, G. N Kellj', M.J Guay, A Pinhey, H Chabot, F. X.... Petit, J. B Moreau, A LeBel, J. .- . W. Prefontaine, F.X Montreal. Salary as Inspector for year Asst. Insijector for year. Deduction-s foe I- c C.2 ts -5 't. . . . McPhie, W. H. Dennis, W. N. Behan, J. J. . Male, Thos... Guclph. Salary as Inspector for year Contingencies Hamilton. Salary as Infapector for year II Asst. Inspector from July 3, IflOO, to June 30, 1901 II Asst. Inspector for year. . . Salary Salaries ... . Contingencies Xinffston. as Inspector for year Contingencies Listowel. Salary as Inspector for year Contingencies S cts. 2 00 4 96 4 90 2 00 2 00 4 00 3(5 00 36 00 $ cts 3 60 3 60 1 80 5 40 3 30 3 60 3 60 3 60 3 60 1 80 1 80 7 20 3 60 3 60 $ cts. 94 40 0 53 241 44 98 16 339 60 262 S6 179 99 45 28 94 40 75 80 94 40 42 30 192 40 12 91 1,760 40 i 594 97 98 16 2,453 .53 221 37 396 40 76 38 96 40 80 22 $ cts. 94 93 602 46 225 27 115 46 170 20 136 70 205 31 2,674 90 472 78 176 62 152 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 APPENDIX B— Continued. ISo. 8. — Details of G-as Inspection Expenditures, 1900-1901 — Continued. To whom paid. Nash, A. F . . Roche, H. G. Graham, W. J. Rudkins, W. Hicks, W. H Rennie, G. Johnstone, J. K . Pape, J Aubin, A O'Flahert}', M. J Le Vasseur, N . . . Moreau, A Simpson, A. F . . Benoit, L. V. . . . Service. London. Salary as Inspecbor for year Continsrencies Ottawa. Salary ap Inspector for year Contingencies Oicen Sound. Salary as Inspector for year Contingencies Deductions for P5 $ cts.' $ cts. Peterborough. Salary as Inspector from June 26, 1900, to June 30, 1901 .... Contingencies Sarnia. Contingencies Stratford. Salary as Inspector for year. Contingencies Toronto. Salary as Inspector for year ....... 11 Assi.s.tant Inspector for year Salaries Contingencies . Montreat. Salary as Inspector for year 11 Assistant Inspector for year Salaries Contingencies Quebec. Salary as Inspector for year. 11 Caretaker n Salaries Contingencies . Shcrhrookc. Salary as Inspector for year. St. Hyacinthe. Salary as Inspector from Jan. 8 to June 30, 1901 4 00 4 00 31 90 31 96 0 86 19 96 6 00 25 96 2 00 O $ cts. 3 60 3 60 3 60 3 60 3 60 3 60 1 80 5 40 3 60 1 80 5 40 3 60 3 60 3 60 Amounts paid. $ cts. 996 40 624 90 996 40 913 40 192 40 126 50 148 48 8 00 192 40 16 00 1,564 44 998 16 2,562 60 45 25 1,396 32 798 12 2,194 44 821 05 976 44 294 00 1,270 44 153 90 Total amounts paid. $ cts. 1,621 30 1,909 80 318 90 156 48 21 00 208 40 2,607 85 3,015 49 1,424 34 94 40 35 22 STATISTICS 153 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 APPENDIX B— Continued. Jij'o. 8. — Details of Gas Inspection Expenditures, 1900-1901 — Continued. To whom paid. Service. Deductions FOR Amounts paid. Total amounts paid. |S CD P5 g.2 , a- 2 3 O Fredericton. $ cts. .$ cts. .| cts. % cts. $ cts. Fowler J D 3 60 196 40 St. John. Wilson, J. E 3 60 996 40 75 90 1,072 30 Halifax. Miller, A Kitchie, A. J Mimro, H. D Salary as Inspector for year ,1 Assistant Inspector for year 24 00 3 60 1 80 1 80 1,172 40 498 12 96 24 2,699 95 1 96 25 96 7 20 1,766 76 933 19 Conting'encies Charlottctoivn. Bell, J. H Salary as Inspector from June 17 to June 30, 1901 11 66 28 75 40 41 ; Winnqxg. Magness, R . . 3 60 196 40 125 52 321 92 Conting'encies Nanaimo, B.C. Mc Aloiiey Salary as Inspector for year 3 60 96 40 Nc^o Westminster. Wolfenden, W 5 00 3 60 91 40 Vancouver. Miller, J. E Salary as Inspector for year 6 00 3 60 290 40 112 13 402 53 Victoria. Jones, R Salary as Inspector for year Contingencies 4 00 3 60 192 40 7 55 199 95 General. McPhie, D 680 37 154 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 APPENDIX B^Continued. No. 8. — Details of Gas General Contingencies, Expenditures for the year ended June 30, 1901 — Concluded. To whom paid. Wright, Alex. & Co . . Pritchard & Andrew & Co Robert Mitchell & Co., The Service. American Meter Co . . . . Cleary & Sutherland.. . . Canadian Rubber Co . . . Canadian Pacific Ry. Co. General Contingencies. 200 lbs. sperm candles Letter punches, numerals, rubber stamps &c Repairing gas testing machines and equipment o.*^ St. Hyacinthe Gas Office , Two test meters Professional services in re L. A. King Rubber tubing Freight on candles above Total General Contingencies. Grand Total Add— Printing . . Stationery . Authorized disbursements, less (superannuation reti- rement and guarantee) Add— Balances due by Inspectors June 30, 1901. July 1, 1900.. Less— Balances due by Inspectors July 1, 1900. . j Actual disbursements agreeing with Statement No. 22, page 54 Amounts paid. $ cts. 170 33 12 40 122 75 50 18 10 00 n 50 6 90 208 49 106 72 212 88 314 86 Totals. $ cts. 384 06 22,473 50 315 21 788 71 22, 23, 527 74 316 45 244 56 23,071 89 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 10, 1901. W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. STATISTICS 155 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 APPENDIX B— Continued. No. 9, — Details of Electric Light Inspection, Expenditures for the year ended June 30, 1901. To whom paid. Johnson, W. McPhie, D. Nash, A. F. Johnstone, J. K. Aubin, A . LeVasseur, N. Simpson, A. F. Wilson, J. E. Miller, A. Magness, R. Jones, R Higman, O. Service. Belleville. Contingencies . Hamilton. Contingencies . Londoyi. Contingencies. 'foronto. Contingencies Montreal. Contingencies Quebec. Contingencies. SherbrooJce. Contingencies St. John. Contingencies . Halifax. Contingencies . Winnipeg. Contingencies . Victoria. Contingencies . Chief Electrical Engineer. Salary for year . . Contingencies ... Amounts Paid. $ cts. Totals. •^ cts. 187 08 87 65 101 00 149 25 389 25 63 64 2,400 00 599 47 76 59 120 34 146 59 197 75 17 95 2,999 47 156 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EUWARD VII., A. 1902 APPENDIX B— Continued. No. 9. — Details of General Electric Light Contingencies, Expenditures for the Year ended June 30, 1901 — Concluded. To whom paid. Service. Amounts paid. Totals. Higman, O., jr American Bank Note Co Aheam & Soper Electric Storage Battery Co Eimer & Amend Weston Electrical In- struments Co May, Geo. & Sons Edison Decorative Co. . Butter worth & Co Sproule, W. H. & Co. . . Topley, \V. J Harris, Campbell & Boy- den Co., L't'd Blyth & W.itt Shedrick, C. E Curbutt, J Lyman Sons & Co Canadian Pacific Ry. Co Ottawa Electric Co. . . . Warburton & McKinnon Borbridge, T. & H ... Dominion Express Co. . Canadian Express Co. . General Contingencies. 3 months and 22 days services as electrician, from Maj' 15 to September 8, at -$75 per month. . . . Electric Liglit inspection stamps One Watt transformer, 100 lamps, two voltmeters, svritches, &c Electrical battery 300 specimen tubes One voltmeter, 1-600 volt multiplier and repairs toi voltmeters 13 leather cases Repairs to ajjparatus One Stillion wrench 4 conograph watches . Plates, prints, &c 0 birch blocks 90 lbs. sheet lead Rebuilding 1 Hoyt ammeter and 2 Watt meters and repairs to voltmeter X ray plates 5 lbs. suli^hurous acid Freight Rent of motor current for the year Law costs in re Rex vs. Electric Go's, in P. E. I ... . Lock on case Express charges Total general contingencies Grand Total .... Add — Printing Stationery. Add — Balances due to inspectors July 1, 1900. Actual disbursements agreeing with Statement No. 24, page 56 $ cts. 282 50 791 52 1,469 46 847 69 47 65 137 61 188 50 16 70 2 75 40 00 5 60 3 80 7 20 130 70 10 24 1 10 23 29 125 00 26 25 0 75 20 25 20 70 7 35 16 2Cl S cts. 4,199 26 8,735 82 23 55 8,759 37 348 60 9,107 97 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 10, 1901. W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister, UTA TISTICS 157 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 APPENDIX B— Continued. No. 10. — List of Persons employed by the Inland Revenue Department on Salary, during the Year ended June 30, 1901. Names. Services. n h-l 'o X 8 o a3 Electric Light Inspection. a 13 > PM 1 o a 1— ' Adams, J. S . . Alexander, Thos Allen, a. A Alteman, Peter J Andrews, A. A Ar mstrong, Walter 1 1 Baby, W. A. D Baker, J. S 1 Barber, J. S Barnes, G Bayard, Gilbert A Beauchamp, J. P Beaulieu, J. B Behan, J. J 1 1 1 Belair, A. (Plessis dit) 1 Belleperche, H. J. K Bellerive, Geo Belyea, T. H 1 . . ■. Bennett, James Berry, H. L Biekle, J. W '.::::: .:;.;;ii 1 Bish, Philip . Bishop, A Bishop, J. B Blackman, C . . . . Blaii, A Blair, J. B Blethen, C. W Blyth, Alex Boomer, J. B :.:::: :: ■." 1 Bouchette, R. E , 1 Boudet, E 1 Bourassa, Joseph Bourget, 0 . ... Bousquet, .T. 0 Bouteiller, G. A Bowman, Allan Boyd, J. F. S Boyd, S. I .... Boyle, P Bowen, F. C 1 1 Brain, A. F , Breen, John 1 Brennan, D. J Broadfoot, S 1 Browne, G. W Browne, W. J Bruyere, H. P Burgess, Thomas H 1 Burke, T 1 ■ ■ • ■ Burns, John 1 158 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 APPEN^DIX 'Br— Continued. Xo. 10. — List of Persons employed by the Inland Revenue Department, 1900-1901— Conimwerf. Names. I Services. oi 73. 2 .1 3 6 o 6 1^ « u 05 S 'J Electric Light Inspection. Preventive. o If j Byrnes, John | 1 Cahill J H ... i ... . 1 Cahill' j' W ! 1 Campeau, F. R. E Caro-ill W 1 Carroll D Carter, William ... 1 1 Caven'. W Chabot F X . . 1 1 "i Chains JO Chisholm J J . .... Chisholm' W. Noble i ... . Clark A. F 1 1 1 . Codd Herbert J. S 1 Coleman, J. .J ... Coles F. H Collins D Ccmte, L. A. A. J f Cook W R 1 Coste'llo J. W 1 Costigan, H. A . 1 . 1 1 Cowan, Edgar . . . Crawford W P I 1 Daoust J A 1 Daveluj' J P David T 1 \ Davis T G 1 1 1 1 Ir 1 Dibblee William 1 1 Dick J W Dickson C T Dixon H G S STATISTICS 159 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 APPENDIX B— Continued. iq'o. 10. — List of Persons employed by the Inland Revenue Department, 1900-1901— CoriimweflJ. Names. ' Services. a5 S 1— 1 '5 o So "a O is r s o Electric Light Inspection. > 1 > Pi _5 Inspection of Staples. Doyle B J Doyon, J. A Dudley W H 1 Thiniie J P 1 J)uuil.rille, R. W Duplessis, C. Z Dustan VV W 1 Elliott, T. H 1 1 Eirett R W Evans G T Fahey' Ed . Falconer R. H '"l Finley, Hugh Fitzgerald E W 1 1 " i ! Fletcher R. W. Floody, E Flynn D J 1 Forest E R Fortier, J. J. 0 Fournier, L. A . 1 1 Fowler, J. D Fox J D ' "l' 1 1 Frame, Archibald Francis G M 1 1 " 1 :..,.. Fraser, G. J ... Fraiser, P 1 1 ...... Freed, A. T 1 Geldart 0 A 1 1 1 1 1 { Gerald C Gerald W H. Gerald, W. J 1 1 Gill Wm . . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Girdlestone, R, J. M 1 1 (iosnell T S Gow', J. E 1 1 Graham W J Graham, W. T 160 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 APPENDIX B— Continued. ]Nfo. 10. — List of Persons employed by the Inland Revenue Department, 1900-1901— Co7i^mMec?. ' Services. Names. 1— i 9 '3 X 6 T3 . J_ Ililectric Light Inspection. > > V. Food Inspection Inspection of Staples. Grant H H • 1 1 Grimason, Thomas Guav, Alphonse Guay G N 1 1 HaUidav W A 1 1 Harris J G Hart P D . 1 . . Hawkins, W.L Havhnrsr T H 1 1 HeWt, d D 1 Hebert J \ P Helliwell H N Hicks W H 1 1 Hill AM . Himsworth, Wm Hobbs G X 1 Howard W W. S Howden, R Howie, A Hublev H H .... Hudon L E 1 "'i' Hughes, Henry Hughes. P. A Hutches R A 1 1 Her B Irwin, Robert i' Ives G C James T C 1 Johnson, Wni 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Jubenville, J. P Kearny, D.J Keeler, G. S ...... Keijty T Kelly, Daniel STA TISTICS 161 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 APPENDIX B— Continued, No. 10. — List of Persons employed by the Inland Revenue Department, 1900-1901— Con^mwec?. Names. Services. ■n 03. II go 1— 1 1 1 1— ( CO .2 o X. i o 3 ■» Electric Light Inspection. > 0) > a; d 1 Kelly M J 1 Keo^h P M 1 Kilroy E T . . ^ King R M 1 1 Lane T M Laporte, G-eo LeBel, J. A. W 1 Lepine, Louis LeVasseur, N 1 1 1 ] Long, W. H. A Lyons, E . Macdonald, A. B 1 1 Magness, Robt 1 1 Mainville C P. 1 Malo, T Marcon, F. E . . Marentette, Alex 1 Marshall, F Metcalf, W. F Miller, A 1 1 i 1 Miller J. E Miller, W. F Millier Elie MiDigan, R. J Milliken, E 1 Moore T Moreau, J. Alf . . . 1 1 1 "i' Mulhern MM ... Munro, H. D . " "i' " 1 Murdoch, .lames Murray, A. S. E . '.'.'.'.'.' McAllister, A McClo.^key, .J. R McCraney, H. P . 1 162 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 APPE:S'DIX B-^ Continued. j^Q_ 10. — List of Persons employed by the Inland Revenue Department, 1900-1901— Continued. Services. Names. I OT-\7 T J .... O'Sullivan, D 1 1 Parent F • 1 1 1 Parkinson, Edward B 1 Pf*l1ptipr TC (^ ... 1 ""i 1 1 ""i Pcfit T "R 1 1 ... Pole, C. W,., Potvin, Napoleon Powell, J. B ' "i' Provost, J. J "'i' i 1 Oninn J D T?£i*^oi/rl A TT ""i 1 Ridgman, A. H Rinfret CI 1 1 1 "i 1 "i Roche, H. G Ross, S. F ■ i ... ^. 1 1 "' i 1 ""'i' STA TISTICS 163 SESSIONAL PAPER Nc. 12 APPENDIX B— Continued. No. 10. — List of Persons employed by the Inland Revenue Department, 1900 1201— Concluded. ■■ Names Services. "3. % 3 ■A 6 o |i 6 T5 ^ S O Electric Light Inspection. 6 > c > J S a 6^ Scullion, W. J Shanacy, M 1 Shaw, J. F Simpson, A. F 1 1 i Sincn, E. H Slattery, R Slatttry, Thomas Snowdon, J. W Spence, F. H Spereman, J. J Standish, J. G Stevens, D. B Stewart, James St. Michel, F. X "l Stratton, W. C Swannell, F. W Talbot, John Taylor, G. W , Thomas, J. S ""i Thomas, Philip Thomas, Robert Thorburn, James Till, T. M Timmons, P Tomliiison, W. M Tompkins, P 1 Tourchot, A. L 1 Tracey, J. P Tyrrell, M 1 V'alin, J. E i Verner, Francis Verner, Thomas H 1 I Villeneuve, I Wainright, F. G ! Waller, J Walsh, Daniel J Warden, R. S. R Watson, James "l Watson, W. W i Waugh, R. J 1 Webbe, C. E. A Weir, James Westman, T "i Wheatley, Alfred E. ... ^ 1 Whelan, W. F Whitehead, J. P '""^ Wilmot, J. B Wilson, David '"'i' ""i Wilson, J. E 1 Winsor, John A 1 Winter, C. F 1 Wolfenden, William 1 Wood, James A Woodward, G. W Wright, Robert J 1 Yetts, R. P 1 Totals 22 298 6 62 36 18 4 14 1 " 12—13 164 IXLAXD REVEXUES 1-2 EDWARD Vll., A. 1902 APPENDIX B -Continued. j^Q, 11, — List of Persons employed by the Inland Revenue Department on salary, during a portion of the Year ended June 30, 1901. Names. Peritxi. Atherton, R Babv, Jos Beli;j. H... ., Benoit, L. V Bernard, H. J. D. .. Bernier, J. A Bishop, C. A. P. A. . Blatch, F. K Boivin, C. A Brown, W. J Bulmer, W . . Burns, R. J Cheseldine, J. H. . Chevrier, B Coutts. J. J Davirl, D Dodds, E. W Doyle, J. E. H Dnmaine, E Earle, R. H Fontaine, A.. ... . . F.jrest, M Hall, C. R Hall, J. J 1 Harwjod, J. O. A. . ' Hodder, W. E Lambert, J. A Law lor, John J . . . Macdonald, D Manning, J Mackay, G.^W Maranda, N. A . . . Miall, E Morin, J. P Morton, H. McA . McPhie, W. H Noonan, H. T O'Donnell, M. J.. . Patterson, C. E. A. Pinhey, H Pinsonneault, A. . . Prefontaine, F. H. . Ralston, T '. Robinson, R. S . . . . Rork, T Scullion, P. J .... Siii)i>son, W. A Sloan, AV Smyth, B.B Si)ence, J Thorburn, J.. . . Waddingfton, L. S. . White, J. B Yomig, "R. E From July 1, 1900, to October 31, 1900. . . . Julv 1, 1900, to March 31, 1900 June 17, 1901, to June 30. 1901 January 8, 1901, to June 30, 1901 May 25, 1901, to June 30, 1901 January 19, 1901, to June 30, 1901 . July 1, 1900, to Avril 30, 1901 July 1, 1900, to February 28, 1901 . . . July 1, 1900, to March 31, 1901 March 2.5, 1901, to Jvuie 30, 1901 July 1, 1900, to June 30, 1901 January 1, 1901, to June 30, 1901 March 25, 1901, to June 30, 1901 March 2, 1^01, to June 30, 1901 March 25, 1901, to June 30, 1901 . . February 19, 1901, to June 30, 1901.. July 1, 1900, to Octoljer 31, 1900 . . . July 1, 1900, to July 13, 1900 February 19, 1901, to June 30, 1901.. July 1, 1900. to Marcli 31, 1901 January 1, 1901, to June 30, 1901.. . . Januar'y.30, 1901, to June 30, 1901.. July I,'l9>i0, to February 28, 1901. . . July 1, 1900, t(j Augu.st 31, 1900 May 25, 1901, to June 30, 1901 April 19, 1901, to June .30, 1901 March 5, 1901, to June 30, 1901 .... March 25, 1901, to June 3i», 1901 . . . July 1, 1900, to February 28, 1901. . July 1, 1900, to February 28, 1901. . . July 1, 1900, to April 30, 1901 January 15, 1901, to Jun(' 30, 1901. . July 1, 1900, to May 31, 1901. . . . April 1, 1901, to June .30, 1901 January 9, 1901, to April 30, 1901. . . July 3, 1900, to J>me 30, 1901 July 3, 1900, to June 30, 1901 October 6, 1900, to June 30, 1901 May 23, 1901, to June 30, 1901, . . . . . July 1, 1900, to May 31, 1901 July 1, 1900, to February 28, 1901 . . April 9, 1901, to June 30, 1901 May 1, 1901, to June 30, 1901 Juiie 12, liKJl, to June 30, 1901 January 29, 1901, to June 30, 1901 . . Jtily 1, 1900, to July 19, 1900 March 25, 1901, to June 30, 1901 . . . . September 1, 1900, to June 30, 1901. July 1, 1900, to July 31, 1900 July 1, 1900, to August 31, 1900 Fel')ruary li), 1901, to June 30, 1901.. July 2, 1900, to May 4, 1901 .. July 28, 1900, to June 30, 1901 Juiie 1.3, 1901, to June 30, 1901 Services. H i i Totals ■fee 6? STATISTICS 165 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 APPENDIX B— Concluded, List of Persons employed by the Inland Revenue Department on salary, during the Year ended June 30, 1901 — Concluded. KECAPITULATION. Employed during the year 408 II II a portion of the year 54 Total 462 Services. Employed in the Inside Service 24 Excise 313 Culler's Office 6 Weights and Measures 52 Gas 7 Electric Light Inspection 2 Preventive Service 3 Food Inspection 7 Inspection of Staples 1 Inside and Excise Service 1 II Weights and Measures 1 Excise and Preventive 1 II Weights and Measures and Food Inspection 1 Gas 12 II Food Inspection 5 Weights and Measures and Gas 2 II I, Food Inspection 1 Gas and Electric Light 10 Excise, Gas and Electric Light 5 II II Weights and Measures , 1 Weights and Measures, Gas and Electric Light 3 II II and Excise 4 Total corresponding with above 462 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 10, 1901. W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. 1-2 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 A. 1902 INDEX Page. Acadian Recorder , . . . Subscription 145 Acetic Acid .... License fees 22-23 II Quantity taken for consumption .... 22-23 II Revenue — Comparative Statement showing monthly increase or decrease for 1899-1900 and 1900-1901 28-29 II Warehouse Return , 106-107 Adams, J. S Salary 120 Adulteration of Food, Expenditure, page 21 Details of 141 to 143 I, I, II Fees 20 Vote for 60 Ahearn, Thomas , Lessee 110 Ahearn & Soper Contingencies 142, 156 Alain, L Law costs , , 128 Alexander, T Contingencies and salary 117 Allan, S Refunds 41 Allen, G. A Duty-pay 130 Salary 121 Allen, S. A Duty-pay 130 Alteman, P. J Salary 117 Ambrose, T. H Refunds 34 American Bank Note Co Contingt'ncies 120, 140, 150, 156 American Express Co. ... . . . . Express charges 142 American Meter Co Contingencies 154 American Tobacco Co Refunds 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41 Amor, William Salary 117 Amounts voted and expenditure authorized for each service 60 Amyot & (iau vin Refunds 33, 35 Anderson, J.J Commission 129 Anderson, T. E n 129 Anderton, C Refunds 32 Andeiton & Co h 35 Andrews, A. A Salary 122 Appendix, A . . Revenue statistics 61 II B Details of expenditure 116 Archibald, L. C Lessee 112 Arnold, Thomas Contingencies 133 Atherton, R n and salary 124 Aubin, A h 155 II II and salary 152 Audette, L. A Law stamps 19 Baby, J Salary 122 Baby, W. A. D Duty-pay 130 Salalry.; 117 Bailey, E. R Commission 129 Bailey, John Purchaser 114 Baker, John S Salary 148 Baldwin, A. H Lessee 110 Bank of British Columbia, The n 110 Barber, J. S Salary 120 Barnes, G n 125 Barrett, J. K Contingencies and salary 127 II Distribution of seizures 139 Barrie Gas Division Contingencies and salary 151 Barsalo, Edward Culler's annuity. . 135 Barton, F Refunds 33 Basinet, L Contingencies and salary 121 Batterton, Thos n n 146 Bauer, A Refunds 31, 34 Bauld, Bros. & Co „ 37, 40 Bayard, G. A Duty-pay 130 Salary '. . 121 Beauchamp, J. P Contingencies and salary 127 II Distribution of seizures 137 Beaulieu, J. B Salary 123 12—14 168 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Page. Beauport Brewing Co., Ltd Refunds 3;s Beaupre, Noel Culler's annuity , 134 Bedard, Jeremie " 134 Behan, J. J Salary 147 ,, II and contingencies 151 Belair, A. P " • •. 122 Bell, C. H Inspection of staples 140 Bell' J. E Salary..... IIG Bell J. H.. . . Contingencies and salary 153 BellTelephone Co Rent of telephone and message.s 133, 145 Belleperche, A. J. E Salary 121 Bellerive, G " 133 Belleville Electric Light District Contingencie.s 155 ., Excise Division « and salaries 116 ,, „ Distribution of seizures 136 M Gas District Contingencies and salaries 151 ., Weights and Measures Division .i « 147 Belyea, T. H Salary 124 Benedict, F. R Contmgencies 142 Benjamin, E. R Bill stamps 19 Bennett, James E. H. Salary 118 Benoit, L. V m 124,152 Bergeron, Joseph Culler's expenses 134 M fees 132 Berlin Gas Office Contingencies and salary 151 Bernard, X. J. D Duty-pay 130 Salary 123 Bernard, W Refunds 36 Bernhardt. Peter. . . i 31 Bernier, Hon. M. E Salary 144 Bernier, J. A 148 Berry, H. L - ". • • • 116 Bickie J W Contingencies and salary 151 „' ■ Salary.. 119 Bill, J. E Distribution of seizures 136 Bill Stamps— Distributors' Account . 19 Binney, J. W Commission 129 Bish, Philip Duty-pay ... 130 ,, Salary 116 Bishop, A Salary 126 Bishop, J. B " 117 Bixel, A. A Refunds 31^ 34 Blackburn, R.,etal Lessees 110 Blackman, C Salary 117 Blackwood, W Refunds 33 Bla-r, A Salary 123 Blair, H. C Commis.sion 129 Blair! J. B Salary 120 Blais, Narcisse Lessee 110 Blaisdell, N. S " 110 Blatch, F. K Salary .. 144 Blethen, C. W Distribution of .seizures 139 „ ' Salary 125 Blyth, A •■ " 118 Blyth & Watt Contingencies 156 Boivin, C. A -■■ . ." . and .salary 124 ,, Distribution of seizures 1.S9 Bolnier, J. E. Refunds 30,31 Bonded ^Manufactures, Revenue 6, 8 Boomer, J Purchaser 114 Boomer, J. B Distribution of seizures 137 ,, Salary 120 Booth, J. R Lessee 110 BorVjridge, T. & H . .Contingencies . 156 Bosw ell Bros Refunds 33,35 Bouchette, R. Errol Salary 144 Boudet, E '■ 148 Bouliane, S Distribution of seizures 118 Bourassa, Joseph ..Salary 123 Bourgf t, O Distribution of seizures 118 ,, Salary 123 Bousquet, J. 6 ■ 124 Bouteiller, G, A ^^. Duty-pay 130 ^,, Salary 121 INDEX 169 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 Boyd, A , Commission . . Bowen, F. C Salary Bowen, N. H Purchaser Bowie, R . . Refunds Bowman, Allan Salary Bowman, M Food analysis Boyd, J. F. S Salary Boyd,S.I... „ Boyden Furniture Co Contingencies Boyle, P Salary Brabant, J. B. G. N Distribution of seizures II Salary Brain, A. F i Brain, Edwin Refunds Brantf ord Excise Division Contingencies and salaries M Distribution of seizures Breen, J Salary Brennan, D. J Duty-pay It Salary Brennan, John Duty-pay II Salary Bridge, Revenue Lessees Bridgeburg and Black Rock Ferry n Bristol Ferry m British American Bank Note Co Contingencies British Columbia Excise District ■ n and salary Britton, W. H Commission Broadfoot, S Contingencies and salary II Salary Brockville Gas District Contingencies Broderick, J. S Law costs Brodeur, S. A , Commission . . Bronson & Weston Lessees Bronson & Weston Lumber Co. , The n Brook, Joseph Tenant Brown, G. W Salary Brown, W. J n . Bruyere, H. P m Bryson, Graham & Co , Contingencies Buckingham and Cumberland Ferry Lessee Budget, The, Quebec Subscription Buffalo and Point Abinot Ferry Lessee Buildings Revenue Bulletin nicnsuel du Travail, Lie Subscription Bulmer, W Salary _ ., Burgess, Thomas H i Burke, T Contingencies and salary Burns, John Salary Burns, R. J i Burrow, Stewart & Milne Repairs Butterworth & Co Contingencies , Byrnes, John Salary Cahill, J. H Cahill, J. W Duty-pay M ...Salary Calcutt, H. Refunds Calgary Excise Division Contingencies and salaries II Weights and Measure Division m m Cameron, A., Mc,K Commission Cameron, D. M . . Distribution of siezures " Duty-pay II Salary Cameron, R Law stamps Campbell, G Commission Campeau, F. R. E Salary Canada Atlantic Ry. Co ., Freight Cdruida Lurnhcrman, The Subscription Canadian Express Co Freight 128, 142,, M6» Canadian Gazette, The, London, Eng Subscription Canadian Ma nufa<;turer, Toronto n . . Canadian Mining Review, Ottawa . n Canadian Pacific Railway Co .Freight 142 150 II IT .Lessee 12-UJ Page. 129 123 114 32 116 141 120 120 142 lis 137, 139 122 116 32, 33, 35 116 136 147 130 120 130 121 15 15 15 128 127 129 151 116 151 128 129 110 110 114 117 116 122 146 15 145 15 16 145 122 150 127 144 121 150 142, 156 144 123 130 121 32, 35 125 149 129 136 130 117 19 129 144 150 133 150,, 166 146 146 146. 154, 156 110 170 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902- Page. Canadian Pacific Railway Co. . . ... Refunds 31 II Go's Telegraph Messages 14.5 Canadian Rubber Co Contingencies 154 Canadian Twist Tobacco Quantity taken for consumption 22-2.3 Cape Breton, Weights and Measures Division . . . Contingencies and salary 148 Capital Brewing Co., The Refunds 32 Capital Brewing & Malting Co ^ 35 Cargill, W ...Salary 126 Carling, T. H Refunds 31,34 Carroll, D Salary 125 Carter, William u 144 Castle, C. C , Inspection of staples 140 Casual revenue n ... 20 Catholic Record, The London, Ont Subscription 145 Catholic Register, The Toronto .. 145 Cauchy, C Culler's annuity 134 Caven, A Contingencies and salary 120 II Distribution of seizures 137 Caven, W Dutv-pay 130 Salary 122 Chabot.F. X 148 Chains, J. O Contingencies and salary 148 Champness, F Commission 129 Chandler, Massey , Contingencies 142 Chailottetown Gas District . m and salaries . , 153 M Weight and Measures Division... t. » 149 Chartier, E Salary..... 123 Chateauvert, E. G Extra services 145 Chater, Edwin Contingencies 128 Chatham Banner News, The Subscription 145 Chemical d: .Electrician, London, England m 145 ChLseldine, J. H Salary 117 Chevalier, John Purchaser 114 Chevrier, Miss B Extra services 145 ,1 Salary 144 Chief Electrical Engineer Contingencies and salary 155 Chief Inspector, Excise « u 127 Chisholm, J. J Salary 149 Chisholm, W. N I 118 Choat & Kern Purchasers... 114 Choquette Revd. C. P Contingencies 142 Chronicle Printing Co., Quebec Subscription ... 133 Chronicle, The, Quebec n 145 Cigarettes — Nuniber taken for consumption 22-23 Cigars— Comparative statement of manufactures for 1899-1900 and 1900-01 90-91 i 134 Dennis, W. N Salary 150 Departmental contingencies Vote for . 60 II Expenditure, page 42 Details of 144 to 146 „ „ Vote for 60 II Salaries . . . « = 60 Desaulniers, J. E. A Duty-pay 130 Salary 122 Desjardins, Alfred Lessee 110 Desiuarais, H. F .. Salary 124 Despatch, HuU, The Subscription 145 DesRosiers, E. R Contingencies 142 Dessaints, Mrs Extra services 142 Dessert, V Salary 148 Devlin, F Refunds . . . 32, 35 Dewar, Colin Lessee 110 Dibblee, William Sa'ary 124 Dick, .1. W 120 Dick, Walter Duty-pay .••••••; 130 Dickson, C. T Salary and contingencies 117 Dingman, N. J >i 127 Distribution of seizures .• . . 136 to 139 .1 recapitulation 139 District Inspectors — Exciee Contingencies and salaries 127 Gas II .1 151tol59 II Weights and Measures n n 147 to 149 Dixon, H. G. S Salary 122 Dodd, William Lessee 1 10 Dodds, E. W Salarv 120 Dominion Express Co Freight 128, 142, 146, 1.50, 156 Dominion Phosphate Co., Ltd Lessee 112 Dominion Plating Co Contingencies 150 Donaghy, W Salary 117 Dorval, George Culler's annuity 135 Dorval, Philippe i. 134 Doyle, B. J Duty-pay 130 Salary 120 Doyle, J. E. & Co Contingencies 142 Doyle, J. £. H Salary 118 Doyon, J. A 144 Dow, W. & Co Refunds 32 Drewrv, E. L h 33 Dudley, W. H Salary 120 Duggan, Edward Culler's annuity 134 Duggan, James ife Co Contingencies 133 Dumaine, J. D. E Salary 124 Dumbrille, James . . . . Contingencies and salary 119 DumbriUe, R. W Salary 117 Dnmouchel, L " 122 Dundas and Waterloo Road — Lessee Minor expenditure 15 Dunlop, C Distribution of seizures 137 Salary 121 Dunn, Mrs. S Services 142 Dunne, J. P , Salary 144 Dunnville Bridge . Lessee 15 Duplessis, C Z Salary 124 Dupont, J. C Contingencies ... 142 INDEX 173 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 Page. Dustan, W. M " and salary 149 Duty-pay to officers . . . - Details of expenditure 130 Vote for 60 It other than special surveys it 60 Dwyer, P. O Refunds 35 Dyer, .J. .1 - 3!) Earle, R. H Salary 118 Eaton, C Refunds 32,35 Edison, Decorative. . . . Contingencies 156 Edmundston and Maine Ferry ... . Lessee 15 Edwards, W. C, & Co Contingencies 12F, 150 Egan, W . ... Salary 119 Egener, A Distribution of seizures 137 , Salary ^ 120 Ehrhardt & Metzger Contingencies 142 Einier and Amend " 128, ] 41. 156 Ein, S Refunds 30, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41 Electric Light Inspection — Contingencies Vote for 60 II 11 Expendituie, page 57 . Details of 156 II II Revenue 43 It It Revenue Monthly deposits 24 to 27 II tt Stamp Inspection Districts in account with revenue 56 Electric Railway Co , Contingencies 128 Electric Storage Battery Co . n 156 Elliott, T. H ■ Salary 120, 147 Ellis, W. H .. Food analysis 141 Errett, R. W Salary 147 Estate of late Robei t Reid Purchaser 114 Evans, G. T Salary 120 Excise Contingencies Vote for 60 II Expenditure, pages 10 to 13 Details of 116 to 131 It It on account of stamps . . . Vote for , 60 II General expenditure, pages 12-13 Details of 128 to 1.31 ti Revenue 6 to 9 It 11 Comparative Statement showing increase or decrease for 1899-1900 and 1900-1901 28-29 ,1 " Monthly deposits 24 to 27 Refunds 30 to 41 II Salaries .... Vote for 60 It Statistics 61 Expeonditure— Adulteration of food, page 21 Details of 141 to 143 ti Culling timber, page 18 n 133 to 135 It Departmental, page 42 n . 144 to 146 Details of (Appendix B) 116 to 162 " Electric light insjiection, page 57 . . Details of 1.55-156 II Excise, pages 10 to 13 n 116 to 131 It Gas inspection, pages 52 to 56 ti 151 to 154 II General statement 4-5 i. Inspection of staples, page 21 Details of , 140 It Sundry minor, page 21 n 140 to 143 It Weights and measures, pages 47 to 49 i. 147 to 149 Fagan, C.J Food analysis 141 Fahey, Edward Salary 117 Fairbairn, R. D Distribution of seizures 136, 137, 139 Falconer, J. E Dutv-pay 130 Salary 121 Falconer, R. H Distribution of seizures 137 Salary , 120 Farquharson and Grainger Refunds 32, 35 Ferguson, J Salary ... 119 Ferguson, J. C „ 124, 141 1, Travelling and other expenses 141 Ferguson, -J. M Law costs 128 Ferland, E Conmiission on sale of tobacco stamps . 129 Ferland, P Culler's annuity 135 Ferries — Revenue 15 Fertilizers Insjjection fees. 20 Findley, H Contingencies and salary 149 Finlayson, Roderick Lessee 110 Fiset, M Food analysis 141 Fisher, .John Refunds ..... 31, 34 Fitzgerald, E. W Salary. 147 Fitzgerald, .J. & Co Contingencies . . 133 Fitzgerald, Martin .t 133 .174 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 r~" Page. Fitzpatrick, W. G Distribution of seizures 139 ritzpatrick, W. J Salary 124 Fletcher, R.W 125,141 Floody, E Distribution of seizures 136, 137, 139 Fh^nn, D. J Duty-pay 130 Salary 120 Foley, Mary Services as charwoman . , . . 133 Food, adulteration of— Expenditure, page 21 Details of . . 141 to 143 „ Vote for 60 Forest, E. R Salary. . . 122 Forest, M -• . • 121 Forest, Z Commission on sale of tobacco stamps . 129 Fort Erie and Buffalo Ferry Lessee 15 Fortier, .T.J. O Contingencies and salary 123 Fortier, J. M Refunds 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41 Fortier, V- Salary 122 Foster, Henry Duty -pay 130 Salary 118 Fournier, L. A « 148 Fowler, G 144 Fowler, J. D •> 153 Fox, J. D .. ..; ; 122 Fox, Thomas Distribution of seizures. 118 Salary 122 Frame, A Contingencies and salary 149 Francis, G. M Salary. 149 Frankland, H. R Distribution of seizures 137 ,, Inspection of .staples 140 Salary .... 120 Fraser, P Contingencies and salary 125 Frechette, L. A ■> 128 Frederick, Antoine Culler's expenses 134 fees 132 Fredericton Gas District Salary 153 P'reed, A. T Contingencies and salary 147 Frenette, Joseph Culler's annuity 134 (iallagher, F Salary 133 Garbatz, John Purchaser 114 (tus Co., Quebec .... Gas 133 Gas Inspection — Contingencies ... Vote for 60 .1 Expenditure, pages 52 to 55 . . .Details of 151 to 154 II Revenue 43 „ " Monthly deposits 24 to 27 ,. Salaries Vote for _ 60 ,, Stamps Distributor's account 50-51 Gass, Charles S Lessee 112 Gazette, The, Montreal Subscription 145 Geldart, O. A Salary 124 General Exci.se — Contingencies 156 General Gas Contingencies 154 General Weights and Measures Contingencies 150 George, John Salary 119 Gerald, Charles Duty-pay 130 Salary. 120 „ Travelling expenses 128 Gerald, W. H Distribution of seizures 136 I, Duty-pay 130 ,, Salary 119 Gerald, W. J Contingencies 127 ,, Inspection of staples 140 „ Salary 144 Gervais, S . . . 148 G. E. Tuckett & Son Co. The Refunds 35,36,37,38,39,40,41 Gilchen, Thomas Culler's annuity 134 Gilhuly, R. H Commission 129 Gill, William Contingencies and salary 127 Gilpin, R. R Commission 129 Girard, I Salary 118 Girdlestone, R. J. M .. 125,149 Girrlwood, Dr. G. P Contingencies 142 Globe Printing Co. Toronto Subscription 145 Gold, T. F Refunds . . . 35 Gooderham, W. G - 30,31,34 Gooderham & Worts Contingencies 128, 142 INDEX 175 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 Page. Goodman, A. W Duty-pay 130 Salary 118 Gordon, D. W Lessee 110 Gorman, A. M Salary 125 Gosnell, T. S Contingencies and salary 125 ,, Distribution of seizures 139 Gouin, Lomer Law costs 128 Gould Landing and Portage du Fort Ferry Lessee 15 Gourie & Blaekhouse Collieries Ltd. The ,. 112 Government Telegraph Lines Lessee 16 Gow, J Contingencies and salary 127 Gow, J. E Duty-pay 130 Salary 121 Gowen, C.N Refunds 34 Graham, A. L Salary 120 Graham, W. J.. Contingencies and salary 118, 152 ,, Distribution of seizures. . , 136 Graham, W. T Salary 120 Grand Trunk Ry. Co Lessee . ... 112 Grant, H. H Contingencies and salary 125 ,, Distribution of seizures 139 Grant & Lottridge, B., & Co Refunds. 31 Gravel, A. I Contingencies and salary 148 Graves Bros n 128, 146 Great Northern Transit Co Lessee 110 Great North-western Telegraph Co Telegrams 145 Grier, G. A., & Co Lessee 110 Grignon, A Commission on sale of tobacco stamps.. 129 Grimason, Thomas Salary 117 Grosbois, C. B. de n 123 Guay, A m 148 Guay, G. N Contingencies and salary 148 Guelph, Excise Division n n 116-117 M II Distribution of seizures 136 II Gas District Contingencies and salary 151 Guerard, L n " 133 Hadrill, G Inspection of staples 140 Hagan, James Contingencies 128 Hagarty, Miss B Extra services 145 Hagarty, P Salary 125 Haldke, E Refunds... 31 Halifax Electric Light District Contingencies , 155 II Excise Division n and salaries 125 II II Distribution of seizures 139 II Gas District Contingencies and salaries 153 II Weights and Measures Division n n 149 Hall, C. R Salary 144 Hall, J. J 119 Halliday, W. A i, 144 Halloran, G. F. O Law costs 140 Hamilton Electric Light Inspection District Contingencies 155 ■ I Excise Division n and salaries 117 II II Distribution of seizures 136 M Gas District Contingencies and salaries 151 II Weights and Measures Division n m 147 Hamilton, J. S., & Co. . Refunds 31 Hanley, A Salary 117 Harney, Thomas Contingencies and salary 133 Harris, J. G Salary 119 Harris, Bronson & Co Lessees 110 Harris, Campbell & Boyden Co., Ltd Contingencies 156 Harrison, F. T Food analysis 141 Hart, P. D ....Salary 116 Harwood, J. O. A i. 123 Havez, V ve. L Contingencies 150 Hawkesbury and Grenville Ferry Lessee 15 Hawkins, A. C Salary 122 Hawkins, VV. L „ 125 Hay. M. G Commission 129 Hayhurst, T. H Salary. . . 117 Hay ward, W. J Contingencies and salary 147 Hearn, .John, estate of Rent 133 Hebert, CD Contingencies and salary 124 Hebert, J. A. P Salary 148 176 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD Vfl., A. 1902 Page. Heisz, L Refunds 35 Helliwell, H. X Salary 120 Henderson, W „ , ... 120 Heney, J. J Refunds 30, 31 Henrj', J „ 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41 Henwood, G Salary , 126 Herald Publishing Co., The Montreal Subscription 145 Hesson, C. A Contingencies and salary 119 " . Distribution of seizures 136 Hicks, W. H Contingencies 152 M Salary 117 Higman, O Contingencies and salary 155 Hignian, O., jun Extra services 156 Hill, A. M Salary 124 Hims-worth, William >• 144 Hinchey, E. H „ 118 Hiram Walker & Sons, Ltd Refunds 30, 31, 32 Hobbs, G. N Salary 117 Hobrecker, A Refunds .... 39 Hodder, W. E Salary 126 Holden, Daniel . . Purchaser 114 HoUiday, Thomas , Refunds 31, 34 Holmes, Margaret Contingencies 133 Horn, David Inspection of staples 140 Houde,B.,&Co Refunds 36,37,38,39,40,41 Howard, A. L., estate of. . . „ 30,41 Howard, G. W^ „ 31 Howard, W. W. S Duty-pay l.SO Salary. 120 Howden, R Distribution of seizures 136 , 119 Howell, Thomas „ i, 126 Howie, A Duty-pay 130 Salary 116 Hubley, H. H „ 125 Hudon, L. E „ 144 Hudson, W^illiam Lessee 110 Hueter, W Refunds 32,34 Huether, C. N 31,33,34 Huff, G. A Lessee 110 Hughes, Henry Salary 149 Hughes, P. A „ 144 Hughes, R. A „ 147 Hull Ferry (new) Xessee . 15 (old) „ 15 Hurst, Levi B Duty-pay 130 Salary 120 Hydraulic and other rents Appendix " A " 110 to 115 " " Lessees' account 110 to 115 t< Monthly deposits 24 to 27 II Revenue 14 Her, B Distribution of .seizures . . 137 Salary 120 Inland R*;venue Department List of persons employed in 157 to 165 ■1 II Expenditure, page 41. Details of 144 to 146 Inspection of Staples— Expenditure, page 21 n 140 Vote for 60 Insfjectors of bonded factories Contingencies 127 Jntellirjenccr, Belleville Subscription 145 Irion, A. L Refunds 32 Ironside, G. A Contingencies and salarv 119 Irwin, R Salary " 117 Irwin, S 147 •I Duty-pay 130 Isaacs, A Refunds 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41 Ives, G. C Salarv 125 James, T. C „ ' 125 Jameson, S. B . ... 125 Janiieson, R. C Duty-pay 130 Salary 120 Jarvis, Henry ,. . . 147 Jobin, Jacques Culler's annuity . ... 134 John.son, J. J Salary 118 Johnson, Mathew Contingencies 142 INDEX 177 SESSIONAL PAPER iNo. 12 Johnson, W. Johnston, C, W. Johnston, G. E. . Johnstone, J. K . Joliette Excise Division. . Jones, Andrew Jones, V. L Jones, R Jones, Yarrell & Poulter, London. Journal, The Ottawa . Jubenville, J. P Kane, J. R . . . . , .... Kearney, D. J Keay, W. S. Keeler, G. S., Keeler, W. H.. Keilty, Thomas Kelly, D Kelly, Edward. Kelly, G Kelly, M.J... . Kelly & Omand Kenning, J. H. Kenrick, E. B. . Keogh, P. M. . . Kidd, Thomas. Page. . Contingencies . 155 If and salaries 147,151 151 .Duty-pay 130 Salary ... 119 . Contingencies 155 II and salary 152 II and salaries 121 .Salary... 120 . Distribution of seizures 138 . Contingencies 155 II and salaries 126,153 . Subscription 145 145 121 133 138 122 129 130 119 136 119 147 . Culler's expenses 133, 134 II fees .Refunds . Salary . . Refunds . Contingencies and salary . Food analysis Duty-pay ' ... . Salary . Salary . Contingencies. . .Distribution of seizures. Salary . Commission Duty-pay Salary . Distribution of seizures . . Salary Kilroy, E. F. King, R. M King's Printer Kingston Excise Division . . Travelling expenses , Duty-pay .Salary II Gas District. Knowlson, J. B Kuntz, Jacob Labatt, G. T Labatt, John. ... Laflamnie, Joseph Laidman, R. H Lambert, E. A Lambert, J. A Land sales . Printing Contingencies and salaries. . Distribution of seizures. . . . .Contingencies and salary... Salary Refunds Lane, T. M Lapasse and Gower Point Ferry. Lu Patrie, Montreal Laporte, G La Presse, Montreal LaRiviere, A. C LaRue, G .Culler's annuity . Salary Distribution of seizures . Salary .Details . General account of . Salary . , . Lessee . Subscription 132 36 148 33 121 141 130 121 141 . . 141 130 116 125 145 117 136 151 119 32, 35 35 31, 32, 34, 35 . . 1.S4 147 138 122 . . . 114-115 14 122 15 145 LaRue, J. B. A LaSalle, B Latchford, T. R La Tribune, St. Hyacinthe. Laurentides Pulp Co., Ltd. Laurier, J. L La verdure, E. G Law costs Lawless, Miss E. M Lawlor, H Lawlor, J.J Lawrence, George C Salary ... 118, 122 . Subscription 145 . Salary 125 , Contingencies and salary 123 . Distribution of seizures 138 . Salary 123 . Bill stamps 19 . Refunds 41 . Subscription 145 . Lessee 112 . Salary li!2 . Lessee 110 Expenditure 128 . Extra services 145 Contingencies and salary 121 . Distribution of seizures 137, 138 . Inspection of staples (contingencies). . . 140 .Salary 117 . „ 148 178 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Page. Law stamps Distributor's account 19 M Revenue 43 LeBel, J. A. W Salary 144, 148 Le Bulletin Mensuel du Travail Subscription 145 Lecours, H. T Salary 121 Le Cultivateur, Montreal Subscription 14.5 Leduc, J. D Law costs 128 Lee, Edward Salary .... 118 Leger, E. J Contingencies .. 142 Leraesurier, J Refunds 35,37,38,3!) LeMoine, J Salary 123 Lepine, L Distribution of seizures 138 M Duty-pay 130 Salary 123 Le Progrln, Windsor Subscription , 145 Le RivcU, Montreal n 145 Le Snleil, Quebec, u 145 Letellier, Blaise Law costs 128 Le Temps, Ottawa Subscription 145 Le Vasseur, N Contingencies. . . 155 II II and salary 152 Leveque, H Salary . 141 List of persons employed by Inland Revenue Department 157 to 1(55 Listowel Gas District Contingencies and salary 151 Logan, J Salary 117 London Electric Light District Contingencies. . 155 II Excise Division u and salaries 117-1 18 M Gas District n and salary 152 Long, W. H Salary 125 Luke, C Refunds. 31,34 L' Union de St. Hyacinthe Subscription 145 Z' Union des Cantons de I'Est m 145 Lutz, \V. H Refunds 31, 34 Lynian & Perkins Leasee 110 Lyinan Sons & Co Contingencies 128, 142, 1.50, 150 Lynch, .John B Culler's annuity 134 Lyons, Edward Salary 117 Macdonald, A. B n 119 .. Duty-pay 130 Macdonald, D Salary 121 Macdonald, J. A Contingencies and salary 147 Macfarlane, Thomas u 141 . Salary ... 141 II Travelling expenses 141 Macintyre, D Salary . . . 122 Magness, Robert . Contingencies 155 It II and salaries 149, 153 Mail and Empire, Toronto Subscription 145 Mainville, C. P Salary 122 Male, Thomas Contingencies and salary 151 Malo, T Duty-pay 130 , Salary 122 Malone, J. C Culler's ann»iity 134 Malone, Thomas h 134 Malt— Comparative Statement for 1899-1900 and 1900-1901 73 License fees 22- 23 Licenses issued, grain i-sssued, quantity produced 72 Quantity taken for consumption 22-23 Revenue 6 to 9 II Comparative Statement showing monthly increase or decrease for 1899- 1900 and 1900-1901 28-29 Refunds 31 to 35 II Warehouse returns 74-75 II ,1 Comparative Statement showing increase or decrease for 1899-1900 and 1900-1901 76-77 Liquor, Comparative Statement showing monthly increase or decrease for 1899- 1900 and 1900-1901 28-29 II License fees 22-23 Licenses issued, materials used and quantity produced 78 II Quantity taken for consumption . 22-23 II Revenue . 6 to 9 M II Comparative Statement of malt liquor manufactured for the years ended 1899-1900 and 1900-1901 79 Manitoba Excise District Contingencies and salary 127 INDEX 179 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 Manitoba Free Press Subscripticn . . Manning, J Salary Manuf. in Bond.— Comparative Statement for 1899-1900 and 1900-1901 H License fees II Licenses issued, materials used and quantity produced II Quantity taken for consumption It Revenue II II Comparative Statement showing monthly increase or decrease ' for 1899-1900 and 1900-1901 II II refunds II II warehouse returns II II M Comparative Statement showing increase or decrease for 1899-1900 and 1900-1901 II Transactions in vinegar Maranda, ^ . A . Salary Marcon, F. E Duty-pay ti Salary Marentette, A < Marion, J. E. E „ , Marshall, F , Martini, Joseph Refunds Mason, F Duty-pay M Salary , Mauray, Jonathan Lessee Maveitty, Mrs. S Contingencies May, G. & Sons m May, John P .. Refunds Mead, Miss M Services Metcalf, W. H. Salary Methylated Spirits — Refunds ... II Statement showing expenditure, page 58-59. Vote for II II net receipts 11 II quantity of raw material on hand at beginning and end of year, brought in and used during year 1900-1901 .... II II quantity of raw material used and quantity pro- duced therefiom II 11 quantity of methylated spirits on hand at begin- ning and end of year, brought in and sold and otherwise accounted for during the year 1900-1901 .... II II transactions in connection with manufacture of. Metric System supplies Vote for ... Meyer, F. E Commission Miall, E Salary. . 11 Travelling expenses Miller, A Contingencies 11 11 and salary Miller, J. E u and salaries Miller, W. F h and salary 11 Distribution of seizures Millier, E Duty-pay 11 Salary Milligan, R. J Milljken, E i, Minister of Inland Revenue ... n 11 11 II vote for Minor Expenditure, page 21 Details of 11 II Vote for Minor Public Works Revenue 11 Revenue Monthly receipts II II Vote for Montebello and Alfred Ferry . . Lessee Montreal Electric Light Inspection District Contingencies 11 Excise Division h and salaries 11 11 Distribution of seizures II Gas District Contingencies and salaries 11 Weights and Measures n h Moore, T Salary Moreau, A 1 >uty-pay 11 . . . Salary , , Moreau, E. P Refunds Moreau, J. A Salaries Morency, D Culler's annuity •. .- Page. 145 122 98-99 22-23 96-97 22-23 6 to 9 28-29 41 100-101 102-103 104 123 130 121 147 121 119 32, 35 130 118 110 142, 146 156 33, 34, 35 142 120 41 60 58-59 108 108 108 58-59 60 129 144, 149 145 155 153 126, 153 117 136 130 122 147 119 144 60 140 to 143 60 15-16 24 to 27 60 15 155 121 to 123 137-138 152 148 125 130 121 41 148-152 135 180 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Morin, J. P Morisette, Joseph ... . Morton, H. McA Mulhera, M. M Muller, Jas Muller & Co Mulrooney, W. J. & G ]\[vilvena, H. W Mimro, H. D Murdoch, J . . . . Murphy, J. J Murphy, M Murphy, T Murray, A. S. E Murray, D Page. .Salary ..: 124 . Culler's annuity 134 .Salary 121 . Contingencies and salaries 116, 151 Refunds . Contingencies. McAdara, Thomas McAllister, A McAloney, J. A McCarthy, D. J McCloskey, J. A McCormick, John McCormick, Man Co., Ltd., The. McCoy, William. . . Law costs . Salaries . Salarj' . Contingencies . Purchaser . Culler's annuity . Salary Duty-pay .Salary 123,124 . Purchaser 114 .Contingencies and salary 116 . Distribution of seizures 136 .Salaries 126, 149, 153 31 142 133 128 125, 153 147 142 114 134 120 130 . Refunds . . Salary .Culler's annuity .Refunds . Duty-pay . Salary McCraney, H. P McCuaig, A. F McCuUough, A McCutcheon, H McDonald, A. J McDonald, A. W McDonald, John McDonald, J. Fred McDonald, R. D ilc Donald, Rt. Rev. Bishop McDonald, Sir W. C McFarland, CD McFarlane, J McFee, A. C . Commission .Refunds Ijessee Refunds 35, 36, 38 Salary McGill, A . Duty-pay .Salary . . McGuire, T Mclnenly, T Mclntyre, Rt. Rev. Bishop McKay, G. W McKay Milling Co. (Ltd). . . McKendry, Daniel McKenna, A McKenna Bros .... McLenaghan, N. . . . McLeod, Col. J. F. . McMorran, R. M . McNaughton, John McNee, Archie . . McNeiU, E. R McNeiU & Stewart . McNivern, J. D..., McPeak, William . . .Travelling expenses . Salary . . . . .Culler's annuity . . . . . Lessee , . Salary , Lessee .Culler's expenses II fees . Refunds .Contingencies and salary. .Bill stamps account . Contingencies - Culler's annuity . Lessee .Contingencies Mcpherson, J . McPhie, D. . . .Salary .Culler's expenses . II fees . . . .Commission . . . . 32-34 124 135 41 130 116 126 116 144 126 125 149 147 129 39 112 39, 40 117 147 130 116 141 142 118 134 110 117 110 . . 134 '36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41 ..36, 37, 38,39, 41 118 19 150 134 110 .. 146 142, 145 ....... 125 134 132 - 129 Contingencies 153, 155 McPhie, W. H McRae, W. D MoSween, James .... Nanaimo Gas District Napanee Gas District Nash, A. F .Salary and salary . .Contingencies and salary. 3faeh,3. C... Nefeon, C. H . Refunds . 151 1.51 151 117 15& 15S 155 \m 12& 3» INDEX 181 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 Page. New Brvinswick Excise District Contingencies and salary . . 127 Newby, F Salary 144 Newineyer, .J as Refunds 33 New Westminster Gas District Salary 153 Niagara and Youngston Ferry Lessees 15 Nichols, J. T Salary 118 Nicholson, D Refunds . 35, 39, 40 Nolan, J. C Purchaser 114 Nolan, J. F Refunds 35 Noonari, H. T Salary 118 Nutter, C. S Refunds ,33 O'Brien, E. C Salary... 116 O'Brien, J. F_ „ 117 O'Brien, Martin O Culler's expenses 134 ... " fees 132 O'Donnell, J Salary 117 O'Donnell, J. M „ 122 O'Donoghue, M. J „ 116 O'Dwyer, Patrick O Refunds 31 Oertling, L , Contingencies 128 O'Flaherty, E. .T Salary 122 O'Flaherty, M. J 152 O'Keefe, Eugene Refunds 32, 35 Oland, J. C ., - 33,35 O'Leary, T. J Duty pay 130 fi Salary 120 O'Meara, F. M. . . . „ Ontario Excise Districts Contingencies and salaries 127 O'Reilly & Murphy „ 142 Orillia JBrewing Co Refunds 32, 35 Orr, H, N Salary 116 0.sborne, F, A ., 125 Oshner, R Refunds ... 33 O'Sullivan, D Salary 126 Other receipts — Revenue —Comparative statement showing monthly increase or decrease for 1899-1900 and 1900-1901 , 28-29 „ II from 7, 9 M M monthly deposits 24 to 27 n II refunds 41 Ottawa and Kettle Island Ferry Lessee 15 II Electric Co Contingencies 156 II II Lessee 110 II Electric Railway Co n 110 II Excise Division Contingencies and salaries 118 II II Distribution of seizures. 136 II Gas District Contingencies and salary 152 II Investment Co Lessee 110 11 Weights and Mea.sures Division Contingencies and salaries 147 Ottterbein, C Refunds. 31,34 Ouellette Street Fen-y, Detroit Lessee 15 Owen Sound Excise Division Contingencies and salaries . 118 II ,1 Distribution of seizures 136 II Gas District , Contingencies and salary . . 152 Panneton, G. E , Salary 122 Papt, .Tames n 152 Papineauville and Brown's wharf Lessee 15 Paquet, J. T Distribution of seizures 139 Park, W. A Commission 129 Parkinson, E. B Contingencies. . . 142 „ Salaries 126, 141 11 Travelling expenses 141 Parmelee, W, (jr Inspection of staples 140 Parson, C. H ....Salary 120 Part of building, Portland. N.B , 16 Patrie, La, Montreal Subscription 145 Patry, Thomas Cullers' annuity 134 Patterson, C. E. A Salary 123 Patton, .James u 133 Payment, T Contingencies 142, 146 Peel, A Lessee 110 Pelletier, N. G Distribution of seizures 138 Salary 123 Ptsmbroke and AUumette Island Ferry (new Iease)Lessee 15 II II 11 (old lease),. n 15 182 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Page. Perkins, Lyman Lessee ... 110 Perley and Pattee .. 11 0 Persons employed by Inland Revenue Dept List of 157 to 165 Perth Excise I)i\'ision . . Contingencies and salaries . . . 118, 119 Peterborough Excise Division !■ i. 119 ,t II Distribution of seizures 136 II Gas District Contingencies and salary 152 Petit, J. B Salary 14S Petrie, J. & J Lessees 110 Petroleum . . .Number of packages inspected 95 I. Inspection Fees 22, 23 Comparative statement for 1899-1900 and 1900-1901 95 II Return of Canadian petroleum and naphtha 94 II Revenue — Comparative statement showing monthly increase or decrease for 1899-1900 and 1900-1901 28,29 Pictou Excise Division Contingencies and salaries 125 II Weights and Measures Division .... m m 149 Pinhey. Henry Salary 148 Pinsuiinault, A. C 122 Plamondon, J. D Law costs 128 Plamondon, M. A Culler's dues 17 Poirier, J. X Contingencies and salary 124 Pole, C. W Salary 116 Port Arthur Excise Division Contingencies and salaries 119 Postuiaster, Ottawa ... Po.stage for the year 145 Post Office Department Bill stamps account 19 Post Office, Quebec Rent 133 Potvin, Amanda Contingencies 142 Potvin, Nap .. 128,142,146,1.50 ,1 Salary 144 Pouliot, J. C Law cost 128 Powell, Alex Purchaser 114 Powell, J. B Contingencies and salary 116 •1 Distribution of seizures 136 Powers, R Culler's annuity 135 Prefontaine, F. X Salary 148 Prescott, Excise Division Contingencies and salaries 119 ,, 11 Distribution of seizures 136 II ani Ogdensburg Ferry Les.see 15 Presse, Lki, Montreal Subscription 145 Preventive Service Contingencies and salaries 131 Vote for 60 Pritchard Andrews Co., The Contingencies 128, 150, 154 Pro'jri-f, Lc, Windsor Subscription . 145 Protean & Carignan . Refunds 33 Provost. J. J Salary.., 148 Quain, Redmond n 144 QueVxjc Cullers Office Annuities . 134, 135 II 11 Contingencies and salaries 132, 133 If II £x])enses ■ . . . . 134 Fees 132 ,1 .1 Revenue 17 >• Electric Light Inspection Districts Contingencies 155 M Excise Districts h and salaries 127 II II Division •■ n 123 ,, I, II Distribution of seizures . 138 II Gas Co Contingencies 133 II Gas District h and salaries 152 II Harbour Commissioners Lessees 110 II Weights and Mea-sures Divison Contingencies and salaries 148 II Post Office Contingencies 133 Quenston Ferry Lessee ... 15 II and Lewiston Ferry . . h . . 15 Quinn, J. D . . Dutv-pay 130 Salary... 123 Quyon Ferry Less(;e 15 Ralston,!' Duty-pay 130 Ramon, P Salary 121 Rancour, N Contingencies 133 Rankin, .John Lessee 110 Ratchford, C. E Commission 129 Rau, Mary Refunds 31, 34 Raw leaf tobacco taken for consumption 22, 23 Ready, James Refunds 33 INDEX 183 SESSI0IVW\L PAPER No. 12 Refunds Registrar, Exchequer Court. Reid, John Reid, Robert (Estate of). . . . Reinhardt, C. S Reinhardt, L Renaud, A. H Reunie, G . . . Contingencies . Lessee . Purchaser . . . , Refunds Reveil, Le, Montreal Revenue, Casual II Culling timber M Electric light inspection II Excise M Gas inspection II General II Hydraulic and oth er II Law stamps II Methylated spirits II Minor Public Works II Monthly deposits . . . II Sundry minor revenue II Weights and Measures Richard, D Richelieu and Ontario Navigation Co. Ridgman, A. H . . . Riley, H. T Rinfret, C. T . Salary . Contingencies and salary . .Salary . Subscription Ritchie, A. J Ritchie, W Ritchie, W. B. A Robert Mitchell Co., The Robertson, David, and Rowland, J. . Robillard, G. A Robinson, R. S Robitaille, Cyrille Roche, H. G Rochester, John Rockliffe and Gatineau Point Ferry. Roger, G. M Rork, T Rose, G. C Ross, H. E Ross, S. F Ross, W Ross, W. J Rouleau, J Rousseau, E. H Rowan, W. E. Rov, George Roy, J. A Roy, Joseph Rudkins, W Rudolp, Henry Ryan, William Salary Lessee . Salary . Refunds . Contingencies and salary .... . General excise contingencies Salary . Lessee . Professional services . . Contingencies . Lessees Extra services Salary . . Lessee Contingencies and salary . . Lessee . . . Law costs . . . Salary . Commission . Salaries . . . . . Refunds .... . Commission . Salary Page. 30 to 41 128 110 114 33 32, 35 122 152 120 145 20 17 56 6 to 9 50-51 3 14 43 58-59 15-16 24 to 27 20 44-46 148 110 126 35 127 128 153 110 128 154 110 145 119 112 1.52 110 15 128 119 129 125, 14!) 117 32,35 Sarnia Gas District. Saucier, X . Contingencies II and salary . Refunds Commission on sale of tobacco stamps . . Contingencies and salaries .Refunds . Distribution of seizures . Salary .Contingencies 123 123 118 140 31, 34 129 119, 152 31, 35 1.37 122 152 Sault St. Marie Ferry School Trustees, Rondeau Harbour. Schram, R. L Schwan, David Schwan, W Schwartz, John S Schwartz, W Scicntilic American and Supplement, N. Y, Scullion, P. J Scullion, W. J Salary. 125,141 . Travelling expenses . Lessee . Lessees . Distribution of seizures Salary . Refunds . . Seagram, Jos. E Seizures — Distribution of . .Subscription. . Salary .Duty-pay. . . . Salary Refunds 141 15 110 13() 119 32 32, 35 32 33 145 122 130 122 31, 34 136 to 139 12—15 184 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Page. Seizures — Excise — Comparative Statement showing monthly increase or decrease for 1899- 1900 and 1900-1901 28-29 „ ,1 Recapitulation 139 „ It Revenue 6 to 9 <■ Refunds ■ 41 n Revenue Monthly deposits 24 to 27 Shanacy M Contingencies and salaries 151 „ ' salary 120 Shaw, J. r 144 Shea, Patrick Refunds 33 Shedrick, C. E . . Contmgencies 156 Sherbrooke Electric Light District m 155 ' „ Excise Division « and salaries 123 „ „ Distribution of seizures 139 Gas District Salary ... 152 Sheriff, District of Montreal Contingencies 128 Sherman, G Refunds 31 Simard, A. H Daw costs 128 Simpson, A. F Contingencies 155 „ M and salary 123 „ Distribution of seizures 139 „ ..Salary 152 Simp.son, T. W Refunds 32,35 Simpson, W. A Salary 120 Sinon, E. H " 116 Skead, late Hon. James (Estate of) Lessee 110 Skelly, Sophia M Refunds 41 Skinner, J Contingencies 146 Skinner, J., & Co 142 Slattery, Ralph Salary 118 Slattery, Thomas " 147 Sleeman, Geo Refunds 33, 34 Sloan, Wm Salary 116 Smith, A. H Commi-ssion 129 Smith, J Refunds 35 Smith, J. C Salary 147 Smith, L.M.. . Refunds 36,37,40 Smyth, B. B Salarj' 124 Snowden, J. W 122 Snuff — Quantity taken for consumption 22-23 Soldi, Lc, Quebec Subscription 145 Sorel— Excise Division Contingencies and salary. . . 123 Sparling, J. W Salary 125 Spence. F. H -. , 116 Sijence, John , Contingencies and salary 116 Spereman, J. J Salary 117 Spirits— Distilleries, transactions 66-67 M License fees • 22-23 ,1 Licenses issued, m.aterials used and quantities produced 62-63 „ ,, II II Comparative Statement for 1899-1900 and 1900-1901 64-65 „ Quantity taken for consumption 22-23 II Revenue • 6 to 9 „ „ Comparative Statement showing monthly increase or decrease for 1899- 1900 and 1900-1901 28-29 Refunds 30-31 „ II Warehouse Returns 68-69 Comparative Statement for 1899-1900 and 1900-1901. 70-71 Siwatt, Joseph Lessee 110 Spronle, W. H., & Co Contingencies 145,146,156 Stamps— Bill— Distributors' account 19 I, Electric Light Distributors' account . 56 ,1 II Revenue 43 „ Gas Distributors' account 50-51 I, II Revenue 43 II Law Distributors' account.. 19, 51 II Revenue 43 II Weights and Measures 43 Standish, G. J Duty-pay 130 „ Salary 116 Stanley, T. D Commission 129 Stevens, D. B Salary 126 Stewart, .Tames 118 Storr, A. M Contingencies 146 INDEX 185 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 Page. Stratford Excise Division .... m and salaries 120 „ „ . Distribution of seizures 136-137 M Gas District Contingencies and salary 152 Stratton, W. C " - 127 Steel, J. J Refunds 31 Stevens, D. B Salary 126 Stevenson, Thomas Refunds 31, 34 Storey, D . Contingencies 142 Storr A. M Cartage. 142 Street, A. F Comuiission 129 Sullivan, Timothy .Purchaser 114 Swannell, F. W Salary 126 Swift, E. G Refunds 30,31 St. Catharines Excise Division ... Contingencies and salaries 119-120 ,1 ,, Distribution of seizures 136 St. Cyr, .Jean Cartage, 142 St. Hyacinthe Excise Division Contingencies and salaries 124 M tf , . Distribution of seizures 139 H Gas District Salary 152 St. John (N. B. ) Electric Light Inspection District . Contingencies and salary 155 M Excise Division n << 124 t, „ Distribution of seizures . 139 II Gas district Contingencies and salaries 153 II Weight and Measure Division n n 148 St. Johns (P.Q. ). ... Distribution of seizures 139 St. Laurent, Alfred Contingencies 150 St. Leonard and Van Buren Ferry Lessee 15 St. Martin, A Contingencies 140 St. Michel, F. X Salary 122 Talbot, J, Law costs 118 Tansey, J. P. F Distribution of seizures 137 Taschereau, L. A Law costs 128 Taylor, G. W Duty-pay 130 Salary 121 Taylor, H. J ... Refunds ' 32 Temps Le, Ottawa Subscription 145 Tennant, J. F Commission 129 Tetreau, Neree Lessee HO Tetreault, J ...Salary 124 The A nah/st, London, England Subscription 145 The Ottawa Literary S. S Contingencies 142 The Bell Telephone Co Messages and rent 133, 145 The Bronson & Weston Lumber Co Lessee 110 The Budget, Quebec Subscription 14-5 The Canadian Gazette, London, Eng m 145 The Catholic Beeord, London n 145 The Catholic Register, Toronto " 145 The Chatham Banner n 145 The Chronicle, Quebec i. 145 The Citizen, Ottawa .. 145 The Daily Sun ,i ■ 145 The Daily Teleqraph, Quebec ■ 145 The Despatch, lin\\,V.q, i. 145 The Electrical World, N. Y .. 145 The Frontenac Milling Co., Ltd Lessees HO The Gazette, Montreal Subscription 145 The G. E. Tucket & Son Co Refunds 35,36,37,38,39,41 The Gourie & Black House Collieries, Ltd Lessee 112 The Herald Publishing Co. , Montreal Subscription 145 The Intelligencer, Belleville ... n . 145 The Journal, Ottawa h 145 The McCormac-Man Co., Ltd. .Refunds 41 The Ottawa Literary S. S Contingencies 142 The Toronto World Subscription 145 The Winnipeg Daily Tribune m • • • 14o The Witiiess,'Mon%Yea\ n 145 Thomas, J. S Salary 147 Thomas, P . . Contingencies and salary 125, 149 Thomas, R. T Duty-pay 130 Salary 121 Thomas, W.J Refunds 32,35 Thompson, Abraham Purchaser 114 Thompson & Perkins Lessees HO Thorbum, Jas Salary 126 186 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Page. Three Rivers Excise Division Contingencies and salaries 124 M Weights and Measures Division .... m h 148 Till, T. M Salary 116 Timniuns, P . . n ... 123 Tobacco, Canadian Twist Commission on sale of stamps 129 .. II Comparative statement for 1899-1900 1900 and 1901......... . 87 ti " Quantitj' taken for consumption 22-23 II II Statement of the revenue collected for vear lSOO-1901 87 License fees ' 22-23 ,1 II Comparative statement for 1899-1900 and 1900 and 1901 81 II 11 issued, material used and quantity produced 80 II Quantity taken for consumpticn 22-23 Raw leaf 22-23 ■I II scraps and cuttings ...... . Duly collected on actual weights 86 II " warehouse returns 84-85 comparative statement for 1899-1900 and 1900-1901 86 II Revenue 6 to 9 II II comparative montlily statement showing increase or decrease for 1899-1900 and 1900-1901 28-29 „ refunds 35 to 31 II ?i warehouse returns ■ 82 comparativestatementfor 1899-1900 and 1900-1901 83 II Snuff — Quantity taken for consumption 22-23 II Stamps Commission 129 II II ..... II vote for 60 Tobin, John & Co Refunds 37, 39, 40 Tomlinson, W. M Salary 148 Tompkins, P Distribution of seizures 139 II Salary 125 Topley, W. J Contingencies 142, 156 Toronto, B. & M. Co Refunds 32,35 II Electric Light Inspection District ... .Contingencies.. 155 II Excise Division n and salaries 120-121 11 II Distribution of seizures 137 II Gas District Contingencies and salaries 152 II Weights and Measures Division n n 147 Toronto Daily Star Subscription 145 Toronto Saturday Niqht n 145 Toronto World, The n 145 Toupin, F. X. J. A Salary 121 Tourchot, A. L. J Contingencies 142 II Salary 141 Tracy, J. P ,i 118 Traversy, F. X Duty-pay 130 Tremain, S Refunds 38 Tribune, La, St. Hyacinthe Subscription • 145 Trudel, E Distribution of seizures ... - 138 Tucker & Reeves General excise contingencies 128 Tuckett, G. T Refunds 37. 38 Tucket & Son Co. The G. E n 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 41 Turgeon, P. L Contingencies 133 Tyrell, Mi.sR M Salary 141 Union Brewing Co Refunds 33 Union des Cantons d'Est Subscription 145 Union de St. Hyacinthe, V n 145 Vachon, J. B Culler's annuity 135 Valade, F. X Food analysis 141 Valin, J. A. G Extra services . . 142 Valin, J. E. ..Salary 144 Vancouver Excise Division Contingencies and salaries 126 II Ga.s District n n 153 Vancouver World Subscription 145 Veniot, P. J Commi.ssion 129 Vemer, F Salary 122 Verner, T. H. „ 125 Victoria Electric Light District Contingencies 155 II Excise Division n and salaries ... .... . 126 II Gas District u and salary 153 II Weights and Measures Division « and salaries 149 Victoria Phcenix Brewing Co Refunds 33, 34 Victoriaville Excise Division Contingencies and salaries 124 Villeneuve, Jacques Culler's annuity 134 INDEX 187 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 Page. Villeneuve, J ..Salary 122 Vinegar License fees _ 22-23 ,, ... . '. Quantity taken for consumption 22-23 „ Revenue, comparative statement showing monthly increase or decrease for 1899- 1900 anrll900-in01 28-29 M Statement showing transactions in bonded manufactures 22-23 Waddingham, L. T Salary 119 Wainwright, F. G , - • 125 Walkerville Brewing Co., Ltd Refunds.... 32,33,34 Wallace. G. H Commission 129 Waller, John Duty-pay " - 130 • Salary 120 Walsh,D.J Duty-pay 130 „ ■■ ; Salary ll'> Walsh, William ... . '. Culler's annuity 134 Warburton & Mf^Kinnon Law costs 156 Warden, R.S. R... Salary 117 Warren, G. S Distribution of seizures 137 Watkins, J. A .- . ■ 137 Watson, George Commission 129 Watson, James Salary 141 „ Travelling expenses 141 Watson, John Refunds 32, 35 Watson, Miss A Services 142 Watson, W. W Salary. . . , 125 Waugh, Richard, J Salaries 141,149 „ Travelling expenses 141 Webbe, C. E. A Salary 118 Weights and Measures Contingencies, vote for 60 " „ Deputylnspector'saccount(old division) 46 „ „ Expenditures (old division) 49 „ „ „ pages 47-48. Details of. 147-150 „ ,, Inspection Division in account with expenditure ..-. 47-48 „ „ Inspection Division in account with revenue 44-45 „ „ Inspector's account 47 „ „ Monthly deposits 24 to 27 M II Revenue 43 II ,1 Salaries, vote for 60 Weir, James Duty-pay 130 Salary 117 Westman, Thomas n 144 Weyms, C Duty-pay 130 .1 Salary 116 Wheatle.y, A. E .. 147 Whelan,W.r 133 White, J. B M 119 Whitehead, J. P 118 Whitehead, Mrs. J . . . Contingencies 128-1 42 Wiarton Docks Lessee 16 Wiekwire, W. N Refunds 33, 34, .35 Williams, J. S 36, 38, 39, 41 Williams & Baker , ... n ^^ Williams, S , Lessee HO Wills, E. A Inspection of staples 140 Wilmot, J. B Contingencies and salary 148 Wilhon, C. A Inspector of staples 140 Wilson, D Salary- 118 Wilson, D. H Refunds 33,34 Wilson, J. E Contingencies 155 ^, 153 Wilsou,M.G'. ';"....!".'.'.. '.".'.'.'. '.'..' Refunds.... 31 Windsor Excise Division , Contingencies and salaries 121 „ „ Distribucion of seizures 137 II Weights and Measures Division Contingencies and salaries 147 Winnipeg Daily Tribune. The Subscription 145 Winnipeg Electric Light District Contingencies 155 II Excise Division n and salaries 125 „ I, Distribution of seizures 139 II Gas District Contingencies and salary 153 II Weights aud Measures Division m and salaries 149 Winsor, J. A Salary.... 147 Winter, C. F i. 144 188 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Page. Wiser, J. P Refunds 32 Witness, The Montreal Subscription 145 Witteman, M Refunds 33 Wolfenden, W Salary 12C, 153 Wood,J.A . 119 Woodhouse, J. A Refunds 32 Woodman, C n 33 Woodward, G. W Duty-pay , 130 II Salary 116 Wright, Alex., & Co Contingencies 154 Wright, Miss S.E..- Salary 141 Wright, R. J .' M 147 Wright, S. W Law costs 128 Yetts, Robert P Salary 144 Young, Levi Lessee 110 Young, R. E Salary 120 1-2 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 A. 1902 EEPOET, EETURI^TS AI^D STATISTICS UP THE INLAND EEYENUES DOMINION OF CANADA FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30 1901 PART II PRINTED BY ORDER OF PARLIAMENT OTTAWA PRINTED BY S. E. DAWSON, PRINTER TO THE KING'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY 1901 [No. 13—1902.] 1-2 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 A. 1902 OF THE DEPUTY MINISTER OF INLAND REVENUE ON THE INSPECTION OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES, GAS AND ELECTRIC LIGHT To the Honourable The Minister of Inland Revenue. Sir, — I have the honour to submit herewith my annual report on the inspection of weights and measures, gas and electric light, with the usual statements in connection therewith, for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1901. 1. The total revenue collected during the year for the inspection of weights and measures was $54,385.56, as against $53,635.04 collected during the year ended June 30, 1900. 2. The total expenditure was $71,280.37, as against $68,707.55 expended during the year ended June 30, 1900. 3. Appendix ' A ' gives a summary statement of the receipts and expenditures of each inspection division. 4. In Appendices 'B,' 'C and'D' will be found a detailed statement of weights, measures and weighing machines presented for verification verified and rejected during the year. The number of all descriptions may be summarily stated as follows : Weights, Dominion Measures of capacity, Dominion Lineal measures Balances, equal arms II steelyards II platform scales . . Troy weights Irregular weights II measures II balances 13— IJ 3 Presented. Verified. 62,281 84,327 7,122 12,089 4,654 31,000 67 687 488 5,876 61,553 84,205 6,978 11,784 4,520 29,964 67 685 486 5,688 Rejected. 728 122 144 305 134 1,036 2 2 188 Percentage of Rejections. INLAND REVENUES Inspection of Gas. 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 5. The total revenue collected during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1901, for the inspection of gas and gas meters, was $22,173.55, as compared with $21,106.75 collected during the year ended June 30, 1900. 6. The total expenses were $23,338.49, as against $22,706.16 expended during the year ended June 30, 1900. 7. Appendix 'E ' gives a summary statement of the receipts and expenditures of each gas inspection district. 8. A statement of the illuminating power and purity of gas inspected during the year will be found in Appendix ' F.' 9. The illuminating power, where inspection has been made, has been as follows: — n-6 o^- n^ Places. iber esbe ndar Places. iber esbe ndar ss c g cs S Oj B H cS 12 ^■:^m ^^ ^-^ Barrle. Sarnia 12 Belleville 34 12 Stratford 12 12 1 Berlin St. Catharines Brantford 12 St. Thomas 14 Brockville 12 Toronto 104 Chatham 12 Windsor 13 1 Cobourg 12 \\'oodstock 12 Cornwall 12 Montreal 102 Deseronto 8 Quebec 12 12 12 Sherbrooke Fredericton .... . 12 55 2 Gait.... 1 Guelph . . . 12 Moncton 9 12 12 St. .John, N.B 47 12 1 Ingersoll Halifax Kingston 22 Pictou 10 Listowell 12 19 Yarmouth .. 10 12 London Charlottetown 10 Winnipeg Nanaimo 12 Ottawa 24 12 Owen Sound 12 12 New Westminster . . Peterborough Vancouver 12 Port Hope 12 Victoria 11 1 i WEIGHTS AND MEASURES SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 The revenue derived from the inspection of electric light was as follows : — Fees for inspection of meters, &c , $ 10,565 52 Registration of companies 4,797 50 $ 1.5,363 02 The expenses of inspection (annual) 4,908 71 $ 10,454 31 Expended on standard instruments, &c 4,199 26 Leaving a net revenue of $ 6,255 05 Appendix ' K ' contains extracts from a paper on Dominion Electrical Standards read before the Canadian Electrical Association by Mr. O. Higman, Chief Electrical Engineer of the Department, on June 20, 1901. Since the year 1896-97 the two services of gas and electric light inspection, which are conducted largely by the same staff of otEcers, have r cached that point at which they have ceased to be a burden upon the general taxpayer, as shown below : — Yeak. Gas and Electkic Light. Revenue. Expenditure, Exclusive of cose of Standard Instruments. 1897-98 $ cts. 28,150 00 30,015 25 .35,523 50 37,536 57 $ cts. 23,402 00 1898-99 23,436 30 1899-1900 26,424 48 1900-01 28.247 20 The kindred service of weights and measures inspection, it will be observed, has, the same as last year, earned somewhat over three-fourths of its annual cost, the expenditure as already stated having been $71,280.37, against a revenue of $54,3S5.56. Owing to the adoption, by many of the leading nations of the world, of the ' Metric System ' of weights and measures, and in order that the people of our country might become conversant therewith, the department has distributed to Boards of Trade and Educational Institutions throughout the Dominion, over one hundred sample sets of Metric Weights and Measures. It has also recently procured standards which will be placed in the hands of Inspectors at the leading Commerical centres, by means of which weights of the Metrical System may, when required, be verified. These standard sets contain the following weights, viz.: — 20, 10, 5, 2, (2). Kilo- grammes, I Kilogramme, 500, 200, (2). 100, 50, 20 (2). 10, 5, 2, (2). Grammes, 1 gramme, 5, 2, (2). Decigrammes, I decigramme, 5, 2, (2). Centigrammes, I Centi- gramme, 5, 2, (2). Milligrammes, I Milligramme. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, Inland Revenue Dept., W. J. GERALD, Ottawa, August 10, 1901. Deputy Minister. 1-2 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 A. 1902 APPENDIX A. Statement of Weights and Measures Expenditures and Revenues, for the Year ended June 30, 1901. Divisions. Belleville. Hamilton. Ottawa . Toronto . . Windsor. , Inspectors and Assistants. Johnson, Wm. Slattery, T Irwin, S Behan, J. J. . . Errett, R W. Freed, A. T. . . McDonald, J. . Marentette, A, Fitzgerald,E.W Laidman, R. H Wheatley, E. A Jarvis, H . . . Macdonald,J.A, Elliott, T. H.. McFarlane, Jas Breen, J Winsor, J. . . Kelly, D. . . Milhgan, R. J, Wright, R.... Murdoch, J . . . Smith, J. C... Hay ward, W. J Coughlin, D... Thomas, J. S. . Hughes, R. A. Ontario Expenditures. $ cts. 3,399 92 5,899 84 3,862 65 4,099 88 3,449 76 20,712 05 $ cts. 1 85 1 85 $ cts. 499 92 499 92 > Oh cts. $ cts. 290 00 250 00 540 00 1,304 69 1,101 90 1,123 20 1,652 10 1,300 87 6,482 76 $ cts. 451 63 108 40 198 20 137 17 201 96 1,097 36 $ cts. 5,946 16 7,110 14 5,434 05 5,889 15 4,954 44 29,333 94 Revenues $ cts. 3,755 65 8,992 26 5,415 20 6,396 08 5,698 10 30,257 29 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 APPENDIX A—Continued. Statement of Weights and Measures Expenditures and Revenues, &c. — Continued. Divisions. Inspectors and Assistants. Quebec. ThreeRivers St. John, X.B. Cape Breton Halifax. . Pictou Montreal. . . |Chalu8, J. O.. . . ' Daoufit, J. A. . . Gervais, S Hebert, J. A. P. ,ker, J. S . . . . Tomlinson, W. . Collins, D Dessert, V Fournier, L. A. , Guay, G. N . . . . LeBel, J. A. W. Kelly, M. J.... Pinhey, H. .. Chabot, F. X.. Guay, A Petit, J. B Moreau, A Gravel, A.I... Provost, J. J. . . Quebec Expenditures. S cts. 8.199 68 S cts. Wilmot, J. B. Cowan, E Richard, D . . . Bernier, J. A. Lawrence, G. C . . Frame, A "| Waugh, R. J. . . J Dustan, W. M. \ Chisholm, J. J . J Nova Scotia. . . 5,222 13 1.699 96 15,121 77 2,770 96 Chariottet'n Davy, E 1 P.E.I. Hughes, H / Winnipeg, Ma^ess, R. . . .^ Man. McDonald, A. W Francis, G. M. . Girdlestone, R. J. M Ross, H. E. . . . m) 00 1.599 96 1.600 00 3,999 96 1,500 00 2,899 88 S cts. 62 49 62 49 299 30 ^ S cts. .S *' 200 00 200 00 1,058 41 % cts. 1,683 30 1,533 6^ ZTi $ cts. 325 69 299 67 439 60 9 59 2,149 15 3.656 57 417 55 37 50 375 00 12 50 425 00 108 00 281 40 202 20 149 11 632 77 S cts, 10,208 67 7,317 96 634 95 19,675 78 18 14 27 85 155 24 49 48 232 57 109 44 61 47 1,670 91 1,311 60 Revenues $ cts. 12,139 35 3,505 95 1,146 75 2,332 40 1,811 15 5 290 30 99 86 5,477 75 2,885 85 1,093 90 16,119 10 1,413 49 384 79 696 40 574 35 1,655 54 327 50 3,753 03 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 APPENDIX A— Concluded. Statement of Weights and Measures Expenditures and Revenues, &c. — Concluded. Inspectors and Assistants. Expenditures. Divisions. .2 II O c3 a. 2 c3 so CO ^0, i a 02 '^ t Revenues Calgary, Thomas, P 1 Costello, J. W../ Findley, H. . . .1 McAloney, J.A / $ cts. 899 92 % cts. $ Cts. $ cts. $ cts. 166 74 $ cts. % cts. 1,066 66 % cts. 464 41 N.W.T. ' Victoria, B.C. 1,149 84 840 70 81 50 2,072 04 395 20 RECA PITULATION. Ontario 20,712 05 15,121 77 2,770 96 3,999 96 1,500 00 2,899 88 899 92 1,149 84 733 26 1 85 499 92 62 49 299 30 540 00 200 00 "425' 00 6,482 76 3,656 57 417 55 632 77 109 44 1,311 60 166 74 840 70 1,097 36 634 95 18 14 232 57 61 47 99 86 " 81 50 29,333 94 19,675 78 3.505 95 5,290 30 1,670 91 5,477 75 1,066 66 2,072 04 733 26 1,510 16 575 23 132 69 30,257 29 16,119 10 New Brunswick 1,413 49 1,655 54 327 50 Manitoba 1,058 4i 108 00 ! 3,753 03 464 41 395 20 1,510 16 575 23 132 69 Totals 49,787 64 1 85 1,920 12 1,273 00 13,618 13 4,443 93 71,044 67 54,385 56 1 W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 10, 1901. 10 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 APPENDIX Return of "Weights and Measures Inspected during the Fiscal Year ended June 30, each Division, for each Province, Weights. Measures of Capacity. Dominion. Troy. Miscellaneous. Dominion. Miscel- laneous . Divisions. a o si r -a i > i o G '5" 2 T3 S) > o o -a 'u > 1 0 2 -i _tC > 2 -i 'u CD > -a % Ontario. Belleville 3,175 .S.I 75 7 134 2 21 7 134 2 21 6,723 5.171 2,347 11,640 15,941 6,723 5,167 2,254 11,640 15,941 "4 93 2 13 2 283 3 2 13 2 283 3 Hamilton 10,784 10,755 2,904 2,817 5,031 5,031 4,690 4,690 29 87 Ottawa Toronto 14 14 Windsor Totals 26,584 26,468 116 14 14 164 164 41,822 41,725 97 303 303 1 Quebec. Montreal 1 1 14,744 14,168 11,014 10,982 1,996 1,996 576 32 8 8 23 497 23 495 '2 23,684 7,102 1,194 23,684 7,097 1,177 "5 17 44 3 44 3 Quebec Three Rivers Totals 27,754 27,146 608 8 8; 520 518 2 31,980 31,958 22 47 47 New Brunswick. St. John 2,086 2,086 1 1 1 1 4.067 4,966 1 5 5 ' Nova Scotia. Cape Breton 415 1,218 677 413 1,216 677 2 2 "29 436 434 1,191 865 2 3 30 21 3 28 21 Halifax 29 1 191 Pictou 2i 5>i ! SfiR 1 Totals 2,310 2,306 4 29 29 2 2| .. 1 2.492 2,490 2 54 52 2 ' Prince Edward Island Charlottetown 400 400 282 282 Manitoba. Winnipeg 2,419 351 2,419 351 2,369 292 2,369 71 8 71 8 Calgary 292 ! Totals 2,770 2,770 i. .. 2,661 2,661 79 79 British Colwmbia. Victoria 377 377 16 16 123 123 !■■■■ WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 11 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 B. 1901, showing the Total Number brought for Verification, and for the whole Dominion. Verified and Rejected, for Measures of Balances, &c. Length. Equal Armed. Steelyards. Platform Scales, Weigh Bridges, &c. Miscellaneous. a _o r pq T3 'a? d 2 'u > o 0 2 -i "Eh > 1 u .* 04 1 1 > 0 JO P4 0 0 2 -a tg > % 0) 03 266 627 561 830 326 266 522 555 830 326 165 6 576 2,863 532 996 920 576 2,742 471 996 906 "i2i 61 "14 143 2,107 34 505 337 143 2,041 30 505 337 "66 4 2,376 6,792 1,595 2,992 3,115 2,376 6,185 1,474 2,992 3,098 "607 121 "17 41 1,097 3,383 668 41 1,093 3,213 668 "4 170 2,610 2,499 111 5,887 5,691 196 3,126 3,056 70 16,870 16,125 745 5,189 5,015 174 2,601 1,057 118 2,594 1,051 108 7 6 10 2,704 1,656 310 2,611 1,649 307 93 7 3 1,112 82 10 1,060 78 10 52 4 6,843 1,676 734 6,644 1,662 732 199 14 2 306 149 2 296 149 2 10 3,776 3,753 23 4,670 4,567 103 1,204 1,148 56 9,253 9,038 215 457 447 10 114 114 394 394 57 57 830 825 5 68 68 98 96 48 88 96 48 10 81 227 139 80 226 139 1 1 13 35 10 13 34 10 .. ^ 272 464 367 270 442 367 2 22 ""8; IL ■"so 12 "3 242 232 10 447 445 2 58 57 1 1,103 1,079 24 95 92 3 3 3 75 75 18 18 258 258 6 6 248 129 248 129 473 66 469 66 4 150 15 143 15 7 2,131 252 2,084 252 47 52 7 51 7 1 377 377 539 535 4 165 158 7 2,383 2,336 47 59 58 1 77 77 26 26 303 303 2 2 12 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 APPENDIX Return of ^Veights and Measures Inspected during the Fiscal Year ended June 30, each Division, for each Province, REC APIT Weights. Measuees of Capacity. Dominion. Troy. Miscellaneous. D»-»»i»- £S. Divisions. S ■A -i > T3 •2. c 2 -i > c o s -a 0) cC > '6 -S o '5? 03 c o '•5 2 pq ■JS ® !> § o u ffl 73 > 1 I Ontario 26,584 27,754 2,086 2,310 400 2,770 377 26,468 27,146 2,086 2,306 •400 2,770 377 116 608 14 8 14 8 164 520 1 2 164 518 1 2 2 41,822 31,980 4,967 2,492 282 2,661 123 41,726 31,958 4,966 2,490 282 2,661 123 97 22 1 2 303 47 5 54 303 47 5 52 Quebec New Brunswick Nova Scotia Prince Edward Island 4 29 29 2 Manitoba 79 79 British Columbia 16 16 Grand totals 62,281 61,553 728 67 67 687 685 2 84,327 84,205 122 488 486 1 2 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 10, 1901. WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 13 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 B — Continued. 1900, showing the Total Nunber brought for Verification, Verified and Rejected, for and for the whole Dominion. U L A T I O N. Measures of Balances, &c. Length. Equal Armed. Qfn^iTTo.,^^ Platform Scales, Steelyards. ^^j^,^ g^.^^^^^ ^'^_ Miscellaneous. a o r > 1 a u ci O o r > o 2 -i S > '6 I u rf ^> 2 !> 1 1 0 0 2 '6 0 '57 2,610 3,776 114 242 3 377 2,499 3,753 114 232 3 377 111 23 io 5,887 4,670 394 447 75 539 77 5,691 4,567 394 445 75 535 77 196 103 "2 "4 3,126 1,204 57 58 18 165 26 3,056 1,148 57 57 18 158 26 70 56 .... '"7 16,870 9,253 830 1,103 258 2,383 303 16,125 9,038 825 1,079 258 2,336 303 745 215 5 24 "47 5,189 457 68 95 6 59 2 5,015 447 68 92 6 58 2 174 10 3 "i 7,122 6,978 144 12,089 11,784 305 4,654 4,520 134 31,000 29,964 1,036 5,876 5,688 188 W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. 14 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 APPENDIX Return showing the Number of Dominion Weights and Lineal Measures of each Fiscal Year ended Dominion Inspection Division. Avoir 1 o ^ g 1 i 1 o 1 in ^ •^ 1 (M i o 00 a, N O m N o Ontario. BelleviPe . 11 H 8 4 21 3 *11 21 12 6 98 228 } 148 126 117 235 132 157 212 220 392 1,663 372 506 542 654 3,011 536 1,033 993 587 3,017 473 1,007 847 334 637 304 524 485 291 546 278 461 447 268 Hamilton . 34 524 60 205 Toronto 3 5 420 Windsor 370 Totals 60 34 3 5 58 74 717 956 3,475 6,227 5,931 2,284 2,023 1,787 Quebec. Montreal Quebec . . 416 90 92 8 20 I 2 54 J3 24 122 4 }32 187 3 744 855 147 774 702 129 1,295 899 241 2,576 1,528 343 2,421 1,518 316 1,750 1,437 279 1,639 1,471 278 1,338 1,141 171 Totals 416 182 28 57 153 222 1,746 1,605 2,435 4,447 4,255 3,466 3,388 2,650 New Brunswick. St. John 5 92 136 196 418 408 224 178 157 Nova Scotia. Cape Breton 31 3 18 2 14 2 9 5 2 8 7 24 49 25 21 64 36 51 120 68 99 274 172 79 225 143 39 152 57 18 122 48 8 Halifax 84 45 Totals 34 20 16 14 17 98 121 239 545 447 248 188 137 Prince Edward Island. Charlottetown . 12 10 42 107 88 42 35 31 8 " i Manitoba. Winnipeg "' i 3 4 1 64 13 5 5 401 50 531 71 476 70 202 29 186 28 176 Calgarv 28 Totals 8 1 1 3 5 77 10 451 602 546 231 214 204 British Columbia. Victoria 2 2 25 79 75 50 48 45 81b3. 1 25 lbs. 1 14 lbs. Inland Revenue Depabtment, Ottawa, August 10, 1901. WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 15 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 c. Denomination presented for Verification in each Inspection Division, during the June 30. 1901. Weigh dupois [TS. he '53 Sf K 3 0 0) C 0 CO Lineal Measures. i 0 i 10 ^3 1 i 0 g 0 *^ i 00 g 'S 0 -tf i 73 J 0 0) 6 to 3 t -a 00 u ^ ■* ^ a 0 1 210 57 382 85 203 12 84 37 89 76 3 9 13 28 15 2 12 6 33 5 i 3,175 10,784 2,904 5,031 4,690 7 134 266 627 561 830 326 i 1 266 627 561 830 326 501 164 361 14 21 34,3! 219 1,579 946 298 68 58 1 26,.'>84 14 162 2,610 2,610 1,001 759 413 190 16 111 28 54 51 3 1 1 14,744 11,014 1,996 8 23 497 2,601 1,057 118 2,601 1,057 118 69 1,829 619 139 61 54 2 27,754 8 520 3,776 3.776 121 43 5 1 2 2,086 1 114 114 2 66 40 "28 22 "6 10 "5 2 "3 2 415 1,218 677 '"29 2 98 96 48 98 96 48 108 50 16 7 5 2,310 29 2 242 242 25 7 1 62 7 400 3 3 35 4 7 3 4 159 25 96 15 2,419 351 248 128 248 129 184 111 69 39 10 4 2,770 376 — 377 38 9 4 377 16 .... W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. 16 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 APPENDIX Return showing the Number of Dominion Weights and Lineal Measures of each Year ended Dominion Inspection Division. Avoir i 3 i 3 i 3 o 1 1 3 •* i CO 1 (M jO O 00 o o Ontario. Belleville 11 8 4 21 3 *11 18 12 6 98 228 1 126 126 117 235 132 139 212 220 392 1,660 346 506 542 654 3,006 524 1,033 993 587 3,009 469 1,007 847 334 632 304 524 485 291 543 276 461 447 268 34 522 60 205 3 5 420 370 Totals 60 34 3 5 58 71 695 938 3,446 6,210 5,919 2,279 2,018 1,785 Quebec. Montreal 416 90 92 8 20 54 J3 24 121 4 186 3 709 855 147 733 698 129 1,244 898 241 2,477 1,524 343 2,328 1,515 316 1,669 1,431 279 1,572 1,466 278 1,277 1,139 Three Rivers . ... 171 Totals 416 182 28 57 152 220 1,711 1,560 2,383 4,344 4,159 3,379 3,316 2,587 Neiv Brunsioick. St John 5 92 136 196 418 408 224 178 157 30 3 18 2 14 2 Nova Scotia. Cape Breton 9 5 2 8 7 23 49 25 21 62 36 51 120 68 99 274 172 79 225 143 39 152 57 18 122 48 8 Halifax 84 45 Totals 33 20 16 14 17 97 119 239 545 447 248 188 137 Prince Edward Island. 12 10 42 107 88 42 35 31 Manitoba. 8 3 4 1 64 13 5 5 401 50 531 71 476 70 202 29 186 28 176 1 1 28 Totals 8 1 1 3 5 77 10 451 602 546 231 214 204 British Columbia. 2 2 25 79 75 50 48 45 ^8 lbs. 1 25 lbs. 1 14 lbs. Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 10, 1901. WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 17 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 C — Continued. Denomination, Inspected and Verified in each Inspection Division, during the Fiscal June 30, 1901. Weights. bo 'i m J o m Lineal Measures. 0? 2 dupois. 1 0 ^ Hie) III' 5^ rH H«q , wv test cnains. | 66 feet chains. Tape or Riband. S la 1 1 o 1-1 00 rH|(M 1 1^ 0 a 210 57 381 85 203 219 12 84 37 89 76 3 9 13 28 15 2 12 6 33 5 ""i 3,175 10,755 2,817 5,031 4,6'JO 7 134 266 .. 266 522 555 830 326 499 522 .. 555 .. 164 361 14 21 830 .. 343 326 . . 1,577 945 298 68 58 1 26,468 14 162 2,499 . . 2,499 965 404 187 16 109 28 54 7 51 3 1 1 14,168 10,982 1,996 8 23 495 2,594 . . 2,.o94 1,051 108 757 ],051 .. . ..|.... 69 108! ---■l- 1,791 607 137 61 54 2 27,146 8 518 3,753 . . 3,753 121 43 5 1 2 2,086 1 114 .. 114 2 413 1,216 677 88 88 90 48 66 28 22 6 10 5 2 3 2 29 "2 96 .. 40 48 .. — '-IHL 108 50 16 7 5 2,306 29 2 232 . 232 25 7 1 400 3 .. 3 • 159 96 15 62 7 35 4 7 3 4 2,419 248 1 248 129 25 351 128 1 1 184 111 69 39 10 4 2,770 376 1 377 38 9 4 377 1 W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. 13—2 18 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 APPENDIX Return showing the Number of Dominion Weights and Lineal Measures of Year ended Dominion Inspection Division. 1 CO Avoir i i s 3 o O 1-1 1 ^ t>3 o CO i o IM Ontario. Hamilton 3 26 5 12 8 4 5 3 2 2 Ottawa 3 22 18 Totals 3 22 18 29 17 12 5 5 2 Quebec. 1 1 35 41 4 51 1 99 4 93 3 81 6 67 5 61 Quebec ... 1 2 Three Rivers ... 1 . - . Totals 1 2 35 45 52 103 96 87 72 63 Nova Scotia. 1 1 2 Totals 1 1 2 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 10, 1901. WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 19 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 C — Concluded. each Denomination, Rejected in each Inspection Division during the Fiscal June 30, 1900. Weights. 5 J3 6p a o S S o m Lineal Measures. 9 diipois. 1 CD iO c3 t-( •• 0) O o o3 a -a o i-H o to «D 1 O a- .a 3 1 c3 o 00 ^ T3 ■* Total Number. o 1 o 1 2 1 29 87 105 6 105 6 1 2 1 116 111 111 36 9 3 2 576 .... 7 6 10 7 6 JO 2 32 38 12 2 608 23 23 2 10 10 2 2 4 2 10 10 W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. 13-21 20 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 APPENDIX Return showing the Number of Dominion Measures of Capacity, Balances and Division, during the Fiscal Measures ( DF Capacity. Dominion. Inspection ^ Divisions. 3 1 Is C5 s 4J a (3 5 i s 5 3 o H o3 § 2 1 1 C o % 1 in Ontario. Belleville 161 33 ■"68 1,255 502 127 lo 142 380 787 195 45 278 327 1,033 663 412 1,490 1,085 1,237 990 645 1,939 1,866 1,591 1,664 742 3,162 5,414 1,198 1,193 386 3,768 3,496 207 306 92 774 2,052 6 1 6,723 5,171 2,347 11,640 15,941 2 13 2 283 3 158 Hamilton Ottawa Toronto 1,50» 153 335 299 9 19 66 1 Totals 1,517 1,167 1,632 4,683 6,677 12,573 10,496 3,431 100 41,822 303 2,4.54 Quebec. Montreal . . . Quebec , Three Rivers 1 1 644 174 40 1,119 316 22 2,867 1,142 193 4,240 1,659 308 5,739 1,683 300 6,056 1,191 206 2,662 549 114 356 87 11 23,684 7,102 1,194 44 3 815 175 88 Totals 2 858 1,457 4,202 6,207 7,722 7,753 3,325 454 31,980 47 1,078 New Brunswick. St. John 130 116 579 1,378 1,437 1,030 175 122 4,967 5 70 Nova Scotia. Cape Breton Halifax 2 6 35 20 1 33 23 84 190 98 159 298 260 140 292 274 39 203 125 4 98 63 1 42 2 436 1,191 865 2,492 3 30 21 27 53 44 Totals 2 61 57 372 717 706 367 165 45 54 124 P. E. Island. Charlottetown 13 33 1.38 89 9 282 18 Manitoba. Winnipeg Calgary . 17 5 5 11 1 503 55 582 91 647 85 568 48 34 7 1 1 2,369 292 2,661 71 8 134 27 Totals 22 5 12 558 673 732 616 41 1 1 79 161 British Columbia. Victoria 7 12 37 67 123 30 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 10, 1901. WEIGHTS AND MEASURES SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 D. Weighing Machines of each Denomination Presented for Verification in each Inspection Year ended June 30, 1901, Balances. With Equal Arms. Steel yards w Arir th Divided IS. Weigh Bridges 01 Platform Scales. Totals. i s i j2 o o 7-i o CO a 0 ^ 0 'V 3 3 0 8 i-T 0 -t-3 i 0 0 0 0 J 0 m' T3 a cS Si 0 s 8^ of 73 S ci 1 0 10 0 1 0 0 0 0 c 8 10 0 2 8i 0 '-' 0 to" 0 3 3 •A 0 c5 8^ 0" m 3 0 a 418 138 2,074 28 464 327 3,031 1 30 6 28 5 70 3 3 1 774 3,530 690 952 1,208 184 127 189 122 125 785 2,525 531 1,210 1,198 221 295 55 272 225 121 72 57 65 68 383 29] 243 73 371 291 1,269 3,095 11,762 2,161 4,493 4,373 25,883 41 1,354 379 1,097 3,383 661 621 10 5 21 3 668 3,433 4 7,154 747 0,249 1,068 5,189 1,881 1,358 222 '""37 8 86 1,063 78 10 15 3 1 27 2,381 443 227 1,235 657 293 2,496 445 199 216 59 1 230 35 7 285 37 7 10,659 3,414 1,054 306 497 2 3,461 37 94 1,151 18 8 27 3,051 2,185 3,140 276 272 329 15,127 805 324 56 1 377 170 215 12 17 39 1,281 68 47 173 3 1 4 11 35 10 2 155 228 157 52 61 70 33 102 68 3 16 20 20 6 17 9 51 35 366 726 516 ""83 95 12 215 4 4 56 2 540 183 203 39 43 93 1,608 95 57 18 77 59 97 2 7 16 351 6 339 147 12 3 1 1 i 665 113 45 7 563 325 345 4 188 27 2,754 333 52 39 98 3 7 378 159 4 1 1 778 52 661 328 349 215 •3,087 59 47 20 2 4 154 17 89 7 7 29 406 2 W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. 22 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 APPENDIX Return showing the Number of Dominion Pleasures of Capacity, Balances and Division, during the Fiscal Measckes OF Capacity. Dominion. IXSPECTIOX Divisions. o Ah a 3 ?4 ■*3 -*> 3 3 S 1 2 o "3 ■a a s a a i Ontario. Belleville 161 33 502 127 10 142 380 787 194 32 278 327 1,033 663 377 1,490 1,085 1,237 988 619 1,939 1,860 1,591 1,661 732 3,162 5,414 1,198 1,192 383 3,768 3,496 207 306 92 774 2,052 6 1 6 723 9 158 Hamilton .5,167 13 1,500 127 Ottawa .... 9 19 86 2,254 11,640 15,941 41,725 2 283 3 Toronto Windsor 68 1,255 335 292 Totals.. 1,517 1,161 1,618 4,648 6,649 12,163 10,037 3,431 100 1 303 2,412 Quebec . Montreal Quebec 1 1 644 174 39 1,119 315 20 2,867 1,140 191 4,240 1,659 307 5,739 1,682 298 6,056 1,490 203 2,662 549 108 356 87 11 23.684 7;097 1,177 44 3 .... 807 173 Three Rivers. ... 88 Totals ' 857 1,454 4,198 6,206 7,720 7,749 3,319 454 ... 31,958 47 1,068 New Brunswick. St. John 130 116 579 1,377 1,437 1,030 175 122 4,966 5 70 Nova Scotia. Cap Breton Halifa.x 2 35 6 33 20 1 190 23 84 298 98 159 292 260 138 203 274 39 98 125 4 42 63 1 434 1,191 3 9H 27 53 Pictou 2 865 21 44 Totals 37 59 214 480 711 615 262 109 3 2,490 i 52 124 P. E. Island. Charlottetown ■ ■ ■ 13 33 138 89 9 282' ... . 18 Manitoba. Winnipeg Calgary 17 5 5 11 1 503 55 582 91 647 85 568 48 34 7 1 1 2,369 71 292 8 133 27 Totals 22 5 12 558 673 732 016 41 1 1 2,661 79 160 British Coturabia. Victoria 7 12 37 67 i 123 30 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 10, 1901. WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 23 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 D — Continued. Weighing Machines of each Denomination Presented for Verification, in each Inspection Year ended June 30, 1901. Balances. With Equal Arms. Steel yards with Divided Arms. ■''.','■■' Weigh Bridges or Platform Scales. 3 o 73 o iO -S O o T-H o jQ o s o i-T o o o o o J r-T 6< © cS o f= 3 a 3, o in i o o lO o 1 i o 8 in g o -S B o o _o J c CO 3 O 2 1 418 138 2,011 24 464 327 1 28 6 28 5 3 2 10 5 1 3 774 .3,348 650 952 1,203 184 97 167 122 123 785 2,267 500 1,210 1,189 221 228 47 272 225 121 63 47 65 68 291 182 03 371 290 3,095 10,908 1,975 4,493 4,341 41 1,242 1,093 344 661 614 3,213 668 3,279 2,964 68 20 4 6,927 693 5,951 993 364 1,197 24,872 .5,015 1,796 1,353 219 8 37 ""86 1,011 76 10 15 1 7 1 27 2,349 440 227 1,194 656 292 2,432 439 198 209 5G 1 195 34 7 205 37 7 10,315 3,389 1,049 296 495 2 3, ,368 45 86 1,097 16 8 27 3,016 2,142 3,069 266 236 309 14,753 793 324 56 1 377 169 212 12 17 38 1,276 68 46 3 1 4 11 34 10 2 154 223 157 52 58 70 33 93 68 3 13 20 20 5 17 9 50 35 .363 702 516 172 80 95 12 313 4 4 55 2 534 180 194 36 42 94 1,581 92 57 18 77 59 97 2 7 16 351 6 136 140 12 3 1 652 113 44 7 548 98 322 3 338 4 180 27 2,696 333 51 39 1 1 7 175 152 4 1 1 765 51 646 325 342 207 3,029 58 47 20 2 4 154 17 89 7 7 29 406 2 W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. 24 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 APPENDIX Return showing the Number of Dominion Measures of Capacity, Balances and during the Fiscal Year Measures of Capacity. Dominion. Inspection Divisions. to P PQ O 1) PL| o C5 Is 1 3 c a 5 3 s 1 3 o CO c s cS Ontario. Belleville 1 13 "'".35 2 26 ""io Hamilton 1 3 4 93 9 Ottawa 6 26 Toronto Windsor 7 Totals 6 14 35 28 10 4 97 42 Quebec. Montreal 1 2 2 2 5 17 8 Quebec 1 1 2 1 3 2 Three Rivers . i 6 Totals 1 3 4 1 3 4 6 22 10 Neio Brunswick. St. John 1 1 Nova Scotia. Cape Breton 2 2 Halifax 2 Pictou ■ ■ ■ ■ Totals 2 2 2 P. E. Island. Charlottetown Manitoba. Winnipeg 1 Calgary 1 , 1 Totals 1 i British Columbia. Victoria ! 1 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 10, 1901. WEIGHTS AND MEASURM 25 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 D — Concluded. Weighing Machines of each Denomination Rejected, in each Inspection Division, ended June 30, 1901. Balances. With Equal Arms. Steel yards with Divided Arms. Weigh Bri dges or Platform Scales. 1 o o 1 id 1 o o i o o ^ o I-H a J o 1 o 1 o o o c^" o si c O © o _o :2 o iO o o o 0 -2 o o o •*" o B a 3 C s i 1 112 35 63 4 2 1 182 40 30 22 258 31 67 8 9 10 61 10 794 186 4 170 7 5 2 9 1 31 154 07 2 1 227 54 298 75 19 72 1,011 174 85 52 2 2 32 3 41 1 1 64 0 1 7 3 35 1 20 344 25 5 374 10 5 2 3 93 54 2 35 43 71 10 36 20 12 ! 1 3 1 5 1 2 5 3 24 1 1 3 9 3 1 1 3 2 1 7 3 9 3 1 1 27 3 3 7 13 1 15 3 7 8 o8 1 3 7 13 .1 15 3; 7 8 58 1 1 ) W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. INLAND REVENUES APPENDIX E. 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Statement of Gas Inspection Expenditures and Revenues for the Year ended June, 30, 1901. Districts. Inspectors and Officers. EXPENDITUEES. Barrie. . . . Belleville . Berlin Brockville . Cobourg.. Cornwall . . Guelph . jShanacy, M jjohnson, Wm 1 iMcRae, W. D j" . jBroadfoot, S m S cts. 100 oo; 349 96 183 29 S cts. $ cts. 164 75 Hamilton Kingston Listowel London Xapanee . . . . Ottawa Owen Sound. Peterborough . . . -'| Samia Stratford Toronto \ iBickle, J. W jMulhem, M. M JBroadfoot, S ' McPhie, D ^ Dennis, W. A \ iMcPhie, W. H J j Behan, J. J Male, T ,' Xiish, A. F ....! Johnson, Wm., acting. Roche, H. G.. Graham, W. J Rudkins, \Ym "| Rork, Thos / Hicks, W. H 1 Rennie, Geo ! Johnstone, J. K . . 1 | Pape, Jas / j 99 96 100 00 . , loe 00 . 200 00 . 2,496 73 .. 400 00 ., 100 00 . 36 00 22 50 60 00 1,000 00 76 00 95 00 1,000 00 540 00 300 00 . 125 00 S cts. S cts. i 35 95 31 50 39 00 0 53 62 16; 13 78' 15 50 36 80' 42 30 12 91 S cts. 100 53 612 82 228 57 115 46 175 80 142 30 212 91 114 85j 70 52 2,718 10 429 80 53 881 20 22. 24 lOl 476 38 180 22 1,624 90 Revenues. 200 00 152 08 200 00 2, .599 96 I 2 00; 20 00 0 25 I 9 00 12, 40 1 50 6 00' 075' 7 00 1,913 40 326 50 160 08 I 21 Ool' 216 00 45 251 2,645 21 Ontario i 9,182 02 715 96|823 25 662 35 486 60 11,870 18 Montreal . / Aubin, A "I I lOTlaherty, M. J. . . . / Quebec ^ I LeVasseur, N | ^ t. Moreau, A J Sherbrooke Simpson, A. F St. Hj'acinthe Benoit, L. V 2,199 84 370 00 240 00 92 25 1 118 80 3,020 89 1,300 00' 150 00' Quebec . Fredericton .... Fowler, Jas. D St. John Wilson, J. E. . . New Brunswick. r Mil Halifax Charlottetowh . . . Davy, E f Miller, A 1 Munro. H. D \ I Ritchie, A. T ) Winnipeg. Nanaimo . Magness, R. . . . jMcAloney, J . A.. New Westminster.] Wolf enden, Wm. Vancouver Miller, J. E Victoria .. Jones, R British Columbia. 100 00 36 08 3,635 92 370 00 390 00 200 00 1,000 00; 1,200 00 1,799 92 11 66 200 00 100 00 100 00 300 00 200 00 700 00 389 70 3 90 1,453 90.: 100 00 36 08. 92 25 122 70 4,610 87 i 200 00 68 52: 7 38! 1,075 90 68 52 7 38' 1,275 90 432 14 111 35 2,733 11 28 75' 40 41 81 00 7 50 37 02 325 52: 28 90; 83 23 7 55 100 00 100 00 412 13 207 55 28 90! 90 78 819 68 .? cts. 58 00 132 00 196 50 292 00 130 75 40 25 263 00 1,647 25 323 00 80 00 2,596 00 45 75 607 75 61 25 77 00 206 25 73 25 7,360 25 14,190 25 5,523 05 358 00 36 00 5,917 05 60 25 361 75 422 00 518 75 88 00 476 00 108 25 267 50 185 75 561 50 OAS INSPECTION SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 APPENDIX 'K— Concluded. Statement of Gas Inspection Expenditures and Revenues, &c. — Concluded. RECAPITULATION. 27 ExPENniTUEES. Provinces. Salaries. Special As- sistance. Eent. Travelling Ex- penses. Sundries. Totals. Revenues. $ cts. 9,182 02 3,635 92 1,200 00 1,799 92 11 00 200 00 700 00 $ cts. 715 96 370 00 $ cts. 823 25 390 00 "" 38976 $ cts. 662 35 92 25 68 52 432 14 $ cts. 486 60 122 70 7 38 111 35 28 75 37 02 90 78 646 62 384 06 208 49 106 72 $ cts. 11,870 18 4,610 87 1,275 90 2,733 11 40 41 325 52 819 68 680 37 384 06 208 49 106 72 $ cts. 14,190 25 Quebec . New Brunswick 5,917 05. 422 00 518 75 88 00 %i 66 7 50 28 90 33 75 476 00 561 50 Totals 16,729 52 1,085 96 1,683 95 1,325 41 2,230 47 23,055 31 22,173 55 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 10, 1901. W. J. GERALD, Dejmty Minister. 28 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD Vll., A. 1902 APPENDIX Return of the Illuminating Power and Purity of Gas iKSPEcnoN Offices. Barrie — July Au^st September. October November . December . January . . February . March .... April May June Highest. Candles. Belleville — July August September October.. , November December . January .. Februarj' March . . . April May June. ... Berlin- July August . . . September. October. . . . November. December.. January .. . February . March . . . . April May.. . . . June ■47 ■49 •32 ■25 •94 •92 •92 •24 •40 •58 •94 •90 Illuminating Power. Lowest. Candles. •68 •65 •90 •58 •90 •39 •19 •06 •00 •20 •39 •19 Average. Candles. 19 •70 20 01 19 45 20 53 1830 2000 20 09 19-41 20 22 21 05 21 55 19 34 20 08 22 07 20 57 20 86 20 47 20 17 18 27 19 61 18.45 19 48 19 16 19 99 Standard. 16 Candles. •58 •76 •12 •62 •19 •49 50 •46 •88 •47 00 •72 o o Sulphur per 100 Highest Grains. 12 Lowest. Grains. Average Grains. 0 12 GAS INSPECTION 29 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 P. Inspected during the Year ended June 30, 1901. Cubic Feet. Ammonia per 100 Cubic Feet. Sulphuretted Hydrogen. Standard. s -• X c o 0) ce 2i in 0 d 12; Highest Lowest. Average Standard. No. of times in excess of allow- ance. O d a ■^^^ d S Hi s d Remarks. 35 Grains. Grains. Grains. Grains. 4 Grains. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 12 2 2 3 3 2 3 4 3 4 4 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 3 3 2 3 4 3 4 4 2 2 34 0 34 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 12 30 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD Vll., A. 1902 APPENDIX Return of the Illuminating Power and Purity of Gas Illuminating Power. SULPHUK PER 100 Inspection Offices. Highest. Lowest. Average. Standard. --5 * o o Highest Lowest. Average Candles. Candles. Candles. 16 Candles. Grains. Grains. Grains. Brantford — 20-06 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 12 12 20-40 19-73 20-16 19-01 18-50 19-28 19-92 18-79 19-95 20-18 18-66 September . January April May Broekville — July. 20-00 20-00 19-86 20 -06 20-88 19-71 19-00 17 70 18-84 19-77 20 00 19-86 18-14 17-54 16-53 17-78 16-67 16 05 16-01 16-22 1700 16-02 19-06 18-45 December.. Match . .... May.. June . ' Chatham — July August. October Noveu^ber Fe.bruary March April May \ GAS INSPECTION SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 F — Continued. Inspected during the Year ended June 30, 1901. 31 Cubic Feet. Ammonia per 100 Cubic Feet. Sulphuretted Hydrogen. Standard. No. of times in excess of allow- ance. H o 1 Highest liowest. Average Standard. No. of times in excess of allow- ance. 5 6% 5 "^ 1 I d "-A Remarks. 35 Grains. Grains. 3rrains. Grains. 4 Grains. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ■^ ;;;;;;;t 12 0 12 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 : j 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 12 0 12 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 APPENDIX Return of the Illuminating Power and Purity of Gas Illuminating Power. Sulphur per 100 Inspection Offices. Highest. Lowest. Average. Standard. 62. 1 d Highest Grains. Lowest. Grains. Average Candles. Candles. Candles. 16 Candles. Grains, Cobourg — July 18 -SO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 12 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 12 1 1 1 1 1 August 19 19 18 19 19 17 17 18 17 17 17 97 08 16 01 11 35 01 59 78 76 65 October November December February . . ^larch May June . ... Cornwall — July 18 10 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 17 17 18 18 10 10 40 10 00 10 30 80 80 10 00 December February May Deseronto— July 21-30 20-90 17 10 22"3C 18-50 ' 22-80 0 1 24-90 0 1 23 .^^ 0 0 1 8 GAS INSPECTION SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 F — Contimied. Inspected during the Year ended June 30, 1901. Cubic Feet. Ammonia per 100 Cubic Feet. Sulphuretted Hydrogen. Standard. No. of times in excess of allow- ance. 1 H Q d Highest Lowest. Averagf ? Standard. No. of times in excess of allow- ance. 1 d zr dS 1 Remarks. 35 Grains. Grains. Grains, Grains. 4 Grains. 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 / 22 3 25 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 .... 12 0 1 0 1 :0 ] 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 .... 0 1 0 '6 1 6 2 8 13—3 34 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 APPENDIX Retdr\ of the Illuminating Power and Purity of Gas Tlluminatixg Power. Sulphur per 100 Ikbpection Offices. Highest. Lowest, j Average. Standard. i -2-73 6 o t c Highest Lowest. Average Candles. 1 Candles. ■ Candles. ) 16 Candles. Grains. Grains. Grains. Dundas— July 2004 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 1 1 1 1 19 18 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 28 84 80 66 68 18 34 01 89 34 13 September 1 February ... .. . . April Galt- July 20-22 August 19 18 22 20 18 19 18 18 19 20 00 00 02 20 10 82 64 02 02 00 1 oi 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 12 1 1 A.pril 1 21 07 1812 Guelph — July 17 17 17 17 16 16 19 18 18 18 18 02 54 00 40 07 87 38 71 16 33 72 1 September I ' February March i . 1 1 GAS INSPECTION SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 F — Continued. Inspected during the Year ended June 30, 1901. 35 Cubic Feet. Ammonia per 100 Cubic Feet. Sulphuretted Hydrogen. Standard. No of times in excess of allow- ance. H O 6 Highest Lowest. Average Standard. No. of times in excess of allow- ance. 0) Eh d 35 a ° c a, a 'A H d Remarks. 35 Grains. Grains. Grains. Grains. 4 Grains. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 12 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 .... 14 1 15 13-3^ 36 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 APPENDIX Return of the Illuminating Power and Purity of Gas iLLUMTNATiyG POAVEB. Surplus per loa iNSPEcnoK Offices. Highest. 1 Lowest. Average. 1 1 Standard. , l| -2, I "o 6 ^ 1 Highest Lowest Average Candles. Candles. Candles. 16 Candles. Grains. Grains. Grains. Hamilton — July 17-79 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 i i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 12 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 12 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 21 18- 17- 17- 18- 18- 18 18 18 17 17 18 Ofi 73 85 20 00 15 50 00 74 93 01 March May IngersoU— 16 -02 20 16 21 19 19 17 16 18 17 22 23 41 51 85 22 05 77 02 28 15 72 44 Mav Kingston — July- 21 22 August 21-90 21-20 21-22 20-90 21 21 21 21 22 22 22 22 22 21 21 m 05 GO 32 -29 -45 -48 -60 fW 90 -75 22-13 22-48 22-50 22 72 20-52 22-]0 22-40 22-24 January April May 22-66 22 10 22-10 22 54 21-70 21-40 QASi INSPECTION SESSIONAL pVpER No. 13 F — Continued. Inspected during the Year ended June 30, 1901. m Cubic Feet. Ammonia per 100 Cubic Feet. Sulphuretted Hydrogen. Standard. No. of times in excess of allow- ance. -2 1 o 6 Highest Lowest Average Standard. No. of times in excess of allow- ance. 0) H 6 c3 Ammonia per 100 Cubic Feet. Highest Grains. Lowest Grains. Average Standard. 4 Grains. o o o . X c O flj tS Sulphuretted Hydrogen. O to 12 24 o a . D O to Remarks. INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 APPENDIX Return of the Illuminating Power and Purity of Gas Illuminating Power. SULPHUK PER 100 Inspbgtiojt Offices. Highest. Lowest. Average. Standard. l| :2; H "o d Highest Lowest. Average Candles. Cittidles. Candles. 10 Candles. Grains . Grains . Grains. Ottawa — July 21 90 21 86 21-88 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 2 I 2 2 2 2 24 12 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 15 08 14 -19 14 63 August September October 22 21 21 21 22 22 22 22 21 21 21 09 55 56 ?7 07 33 01 93 63 58 7fi 21 21 21 20 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 70 54 52 56 59 55 90 45 46 41 61 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 22 21 21 21 89 54 54 46 83 94 95 19 54 49 68 14 15 15 14 14 17 15 15 88 48 37 92 99 63 29 iq 14 15 15 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 88 48 37 41 73 97 70 41 64 54 47 14 15 15 14 14 16 14 14 73 2S n 66 December January 86 30 ^February 99 March 79 April May 15-29 14 92 14-75 14-96 14 73 June 14-61 Owen Sound — July 21-76 August 21 21 22 22 22 22 21 22 22 22 22 60 60 10 13 40 70 07 54 07 00 September October November December January February March 1 April May June Peterborough — July 21-77 24-97 21-00 19-31 24-00 18-87 17-19 August ' September October November December January February March 25-00 19 17 23 00 2100 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 1 12 April May 20'- 00 18-34 June GAS INSPECTION SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 F — Continued. Inspected during the Year ended June 30, 1901. 41 Cubic Feet. Ammonia per 100 Cubic Feet. Sulphuretted Hydrogen. Standard. No. of times in excess of allow- ance. _2 H d Highest Lowest. Average Standard. No. of times in excess of allow- ance. 1 O 6 O 03 B '-13 0 m -2 1 c Remarks. 35 Grains . Grains . Grains. Grains . 4 Grains . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 ■;:::' :;:;.::;: 0 2 0 24 23 0 i 23 0 0 0 0 H 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 12 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 ' 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 1 0 0 0 1 2 1 12 0 12 42 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 APPENDIX Return of the Illuminating Power and Purity of Gas Illuminating Power. Sulphur per 100 Inspection Offices. Highest. Lowest. Average. Standard. H •Si o ^ 1 H d Highest Grains. Lowest. Grains . Average Candles . Candles. Candles. 16 Candles. Grains. Port Hope — July August 18-28 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 2 1 19 19 17 18 17 17 19 17 17 19 18 52 11 49 01 25 73 67 94 66 24 I 1 1 1 1 November 1 1 1 1 1 1 12 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 12 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 12 February March April May . ... June Sarnia — July 19-80 August 21 19 21 19 20 19 19 19 19 20 04 14 32 September October . . November 76 ! December 36 38 38 92 26 fifi January February March April May June ' 18 40 16-fi1 Stratford — July August 16 16 16 16 16 16 22 41 70 76 95 70 September October November December ■■■■■■■■ 1 Feljfuary 15 06 15 86 17 17 16 61 16-79 March April May June -» GAS INSPECTION 43 F —Continued. Inspected during the Year ended June 30, 1901. 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Cubic Feet. Ammonia per 100 Cubic Feet. Sulphuretted Hydrogen. Standard. No. of times in excess of allow- ance. 1 H d Highest Lowest. Average Standard. No. of times in excess of allow- ance. 35 a> H o d .6 O m 1 to S O M ;2; H o d Remarks. 35 Grains . Grains . Grains . Grains . 4 Grains. 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 24 24 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 12 M INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 190S. APPENDIX Return of the Illuminating Power and Purity of Gas Illuminating Power. SCLPHCK PEE 100 iNSPBenoN Offices. Highest. Lowest. Average. Standard. ■5 B 6 0 d Highest Lowest. Average Candles. Candles. Candles. 16 Candles. Grains. Grains. Grains. St. Catharines — July 19 60 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 12 1 19 19 19- 20 19- 19 20 19 20 20 18 44 28 50 30 September October 98 50 07 84 07 08 January February March St. Thomas- July 16-52 August "l6-48" "14-3.5" 16 15 16 16 16 17 16 16 16 17 17 29 65 56 04 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 14 8 9 9 9 8 9 9 8 9 9 8 9 104 October 00 19 January 11 10 03 95 08 April Toronto — July August 20'710 (•62 ^•2S $•88 GAS INSPECTION SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 V — Contimied. Inspected during the Year ended June 30, 1901. 4» Cubic Feet. Ammoni.\ per 100 Cubic Feet. Sulphuretted Hydrogen. Standard. No. of times in excess of allow- ©ocooooooooo ance. -2 M Q) H o 6 2 o 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Highest Lowest. Average Standard. No. of times in excess oi allow- 1 ©1 ©©©o©©®©©©©© ance. O d 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 24 a ■-J3 d » 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 i & d£ 1 o d Remarks. 35 Grains. Grains. Grains. Grains. 4 Grains. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 24 24 12 5 5 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 4 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 c 0 0 0 0 0 24 12 5 5 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 4 5 55 0 55 13—4 50 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 APPENDIX Retuen of the Illuminating Power and Purity of Gas Illuiiinatixg Power. Sulphur per 100 Inspection Offices. Highest. Lowest. Average. Standard. i •! Highest Lowest. Average Candles. Candles. Candles. 16 Candles. d Grains. Grains. Grains. Monctop — July 17-97 17-94 16-97 16-77 16 00 18-57 16-18 17-75 17-79 0 0 0 0 9 February 1 0 i 0 0 0 0 St. John- July 0 16-50 16-47 18-56 18-72 17 67 17 39 17-38 17-60 16-81 16-40 15-86 16-40 16-75 16-48 16-25 16-47 17 -05 16-39 16-45 16-19 17 -09 17 70 17 -18 16-81 16-97 17-27 16-61 17 -.ol 0 ] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 5 6 6 6 5 6 6 5 47 12 23 -is 29 03 20 06 24 16 19-33 27-38 25-11 27-76 20-67 15-42 17-37 23 01 18-09 20- 15 16-64 22-70 13-85 24-03 December January February March 18-98 23-58 18-71 23-76 20-87 May June Halifax- July 25 -2S 17-26 13-73 17 17 17 16 17 16 16 17 16 17 17 05 64 80 20 40 88 61 October 11-90 10-69 10-77 January February 11 61 10 11 22 35 37 49 11 08 April May June 9-88 8-90 11-61 GAS INSPECTION SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 F — Continued. Inspected during the Year ended June 30, 1901. 51 Cubic Feet. Ammonia per 100 Cubic Feet. Sulphuretted Hydrogen. Standard. No. of times in excess of allow- ance. ■Ji a; Highest Lowest. Average Standard. No. of times in excess of allow- ance. CO H d .a m d § -2 CO i a. d » i d Remarks. 35 Grains. Grains. Grains. Grains. 4 Grains. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 "3"i4' 1-63 104 0-56 0-51 1-51 0-77 204 ■■i'43 0-56 101 0 00 0 00 127 0-51 1-2G 3-73 2-14 109 102 0-28 0-25 1-39 0-64 1-65 0 0 0 0 I 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 19 1 3 5 6 6 6 5 6 6 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 5 6 6 6 5 6 6 5 0 0 19 1 48 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 :;■ ;■■ i 12 0 12 13— 4 i 52 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 APPENDIX Return of the Illuminating Power and Purity of Gas Illuminating Power. Sulphur per 100 Inspection Offices. Highe&t. Lowest. Average. Standard. •II 62. 1 d 125 Highest Lowest. Average Candles. Candles. Candles. 16 Candles. Grains. Grains. Grains. Pictou — July 18-81 1 0 0 0 18 18 20 September 00 18 18 18 18 18 18 63 63 08 C9 15 33 0 0 January- 0 0 0 0 I April 1 May 18 10 17 -42 16-75 17 -15 16-81 17-51 17-51 16.60 17 -00 1714 0 0 0 1 10 Yarmouth- July 0 0 0 0 0 0 January. 0 0 April May 17 05 17 56 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 10 12 CharlottetowTi— July 18 17 21 18 19 19 19 21 19 19 45 41 44 30 40 70 42 13 97 81 ....1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 March May 19 79 1 GAS INSPECTION SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 F — Continued. Inspected during the Year ended June 30, 1901. 53 Cubic Feet. Ammonia per 100 Ccbic Feet. Sulphuretted Hydrogen. Standard. No. of times in excess of allow- ance. H d Highest Grains. Lowest. Average Standard. No. of times in excess of allow- ance. 1 d i 05 .s d « Remarks. 35 Grains. Grains. Grains. 4 Grains. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . . . .* 1 1 0 1 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ... 1 0 1 10 0 10 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 12 54 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 APPENDIX Return of the Illuminating Power and Purity of Gas Illuminating Power. Sulphur per 100 Inspection Offices. Highest. Lowest. Average. Standard. J -3 11 a: a; 6 Highest Lowest. Grains. Grains. Average Candles. Candles. Candles. 16 Candles. Grains. Winnipeg — July 22-28 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 22 20 20 19 20 21 20 20 21 19 19 00 52 21 82 08 10 04 62 11 94 95 * 01 1 0 1 0 1 0 ! 12 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 \ 1 0 i 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 ' 1 May Nanaimo— July 19 04 18 19 18 19 18 18 17 17 19 18 19 29 7^ 1 72 21 48 21 85 59 34 66 10 1 1 1 May New Westminster — July 0 12 Nil November February March 1 - - - - April ' May 1 June ■ GAS INSPECTION SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 F — Continued. Inspected during the Year ended June 30, 1901. 55 Cubic Feet. Ammonia peh 100 Cubic Feet. Sulphuretted Hydrogen. Standard. No. of times in excess of allow- ance. ■4J 1 o Highest Grains. Lowest. Grains. Average .Standard. No. of times in excess of allow- ance. 1 H 6 No. of times ab- sent. i D. 0) tc d Remarks. 3.5 Grains. Grain.s. 4 Grains. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 j i 0 1 1 oi 1 12 0 12 1 Nil ! 1 56 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 APPENDIX Return of the Illuminating Power and Purity of Gas Illuminating Power. Sulphur per 100 Inspection Offices. i Highest. 1 Lowest. Average. Standard. X 5 .5 S 6 ;z; 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 12 1 1 Highest Lowest. Grains. Average Candles. Candles. Candles. 16 Candles. ^02 Grains. Grains. Vancouver- July 18-42 17-44 18-23 17-89 18-68 18-36 18-48 18-26 18 15 18 23 18-23 18-42 18 38 18 10 0 0 0 0 0 I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 March April ".'.'.'.'.'.'. T -^ Victoria — July 1807 18 02 18 10 18-24 18 11 17-94 18 44 ■ 18-77 18-02 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 ■ 1 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 10, 1901. GAS INSPECTION SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 F — Conchided. Inspected during the Year ended June 30, 1901. 57 Cubic Feet. Ammonia per 100 Cubic Feet. Sulphuretted Hydrogen Standard. No. of times in excess of allow- ance. H 'o 6 Highest Grains. Lowest. Average Standard. No. of times in excess of allow- ance. 'o d cS m s O m 1^ i CL CO s dS M 1l H o d Remarks. 35 Grains. Grains. Grains. 4 Grains. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 12 0 0 "o' 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 11 0 11 W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. 58 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 APPENDIX G. Statement of Gas Meters presented for Verification, Verified, Verified after first Rejection, and Rejected, during the Year ended June 30, 1901. Inspection Offices. § 1 ;> u <2 -2 a Kind. Verified as coming within the Error tolerated by Law. Verified after First Rejection. Rejected. Totals. Verified and Rejected. £ o Q 53 "8 £ 1 ^ ^ S c D 0 a 1 i CO •5 > 22 74 130 236 43 4 232 1,415 229 34 1,837 29 537 22 42 175 37 6,928 ' i 4 22 74 130 236 43 4 232 . 1,415 229 34 . 1,837 29 1 536 22 5 27 4 131 37 . 6,928 . 5,6.50 . 173 ' "l2 3 55 4 ""5 237 .82 11 376 9 28 20 15 146 3 1,041 651 29 10 33 59 111 8 1 71 121 29 8 337 7 56 1 27 5 11 1,777 761 41 11 22 55 60 29 3 156 1,056 117 14 1,108 10 450 1 1 5 3 1 21 67 119 230 42 4 232 1,414 228 33 1,823 26 534 22 42 169 33 6,895 5,609 171 1 Belleville 4 3 6 7 Berlin 1 3 1 1 1 11 Brockville Cobourg ... . 1 2 6 1 Guelph.. . 1 ' "i 1 1 1 2 1 Kingston 1 1 London.. . . 2 .... ... 13 2 1 14 Napanee 3 3 \"" Peterborough Saruia 5 19 4,077 4,197 100 5 8 '2 16 33 1 6 2 3 6 6 4 Toronto 14 2 1 33 5,6501 41 Quebec 173 32 1 2 32 222 4 83 53 421 79 232 153 21 55 170 9 35 8 51 36 5 18 31 7 7 4 145 55 18 .'?79 1 1 • 1 ■"8 31 218 256 34 421 1 78 , 232 ! 153 1 222 . . . 257 17 53l . . . 4211. . 79! . . . 232 . . 153... 3 1 4 1 11 19 Winnipeg 14 1 56 94 87 1 1 42 75 1 Totals 19,298 23 4 19,064 3,112 3,692 12,309 5j 8 1 11 34 84 43 19,137 161 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 10, 1901, W. J. GERALD, Dej^uty Minister. ELEGTBIG LIGHT INSPEGTION 59 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 APPENDIX H. Statement of Electric Light Inspection Expenditures and Revenues for the Year ended June 30, 1901. Inspectors. Expenditures. Revenues. Districts. Special Assistance Rent. Travel- ling Plxpen- ses. Sundries. Totals. Registra- tion Fees. Inspection Fees. $ cts. $ cts. 169 91 86 50 97 00 .$ cts. 17 17 1 15 4 00 % cts. 187 08 87 65 101 00 $ cts. 545 00 365 00 680 00 380 00 935 00 - $ cts. 243 25 Hamilton . . McPhie, D 821 75 London. . . . Nash, A. F 581 75 Ottawa Roche, H. G 735 50 Toronto .... Johnstone, J. K . . 140 80 8 45 149 25 1,573 00 Ontario . , . . 494 21 30 77 524 98 2,905 00 3,9.55 25 Aubin, A Montreal. . . Quebec Sherbrooke. . 360 00 19 50 '74'45' 9 75 63 64 2 14 389 25 63 64 76 59 310 00 132 50 340 00 2,728 75 1,213 50 Simpson, A. F.. . . 237 00 Quebec Wilson, J. R 360 00 93 95 75 53 529 48 782 50 4,179 25 St. John... . 1 102 54 17 80 120 34 185 00 562 75 Miller, A Magness, R Miller, J. E Jones, R British Columbia 1 Halifax 142 84 3 75 146 59 375 00 372 75 Winnipeg. . . 27 00 162 00 8 75 197 75 275 00 428 77 Vancouver. . , Victoria . . . il'm 3 45' '"l7'95 215 00 60 00 769 00 297 75 14 50 3 45 17 95 275 00 1,066 75 RECAPITULATION. Ontario Salaries. 494 21 93 95 102 54 142 84 162 00 14 50 463 17 30 77 75 53 17 80 3 75 8 75 3 45 106 30 4,199 26 7 35 16 20 524 98 529 48 120 34 146 59 197 75 17 95 2,999 47 4,199 26 7 35 16 20 2,905 00 782 50 185 00 375 00 275 00 275 00 3,955 25 Quebec 360 00 4.179 25 New Brunswick .... 562 75 Nova Scotia and P.E.I Manitoba "'2706 372 75 428 77 British Columbia .... 1,066 75 Chief Electrical Engr. (General 2,400 00 30 00 Printing. Totals 2,400 00 390 00 27 00 1,473 27 4,469 16 8,759 37 4,797 50 10,565 52 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 10, 1901. W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. 60 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 APPENDIX I. Statement showing the number of Electric Light Meters Verified, Rejected, and Verified after first Rejection, in each Inspection District, for the Fiscal Year ended June 30, 1901. 1 Verified as coming within the Error tolerated by Law. Rejectee . Verified after first rejection as coming within the Error tolerated by Law. Districts. s 3 6 1 o S c t3 a f^ • 0 0 IK ^ ^ m Belleville 205 140 37 28 Hamilton ■. . 578 426 809 464 100 86 42 177 249 72 145 462 6 1 2 2 4 1 Ottawa .... Toronto 761 2,212 106 1,209 282 671 176 196 ■■47 2 6 ' io 62 .55 78 Montreal 2' 66 0 Quebec Sherbrooke 1,633 139 398 458 56 1 30 73 308 574 54 205 97 492 55 120 16 2 1 ... St. John '"' 2 ■"23 Halifax 4 5 2 1 Winnipeg Vancouver 264 691 74 226 45 177 145 288 Victoria . 349 98 149 102 Totals 8,923 3,478 2,759 2,297 57 34 20 j 71 1 123 84 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 10, 1901. W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. ELECTRIC LIGHT INSPECTION SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 61 l-H P e3 -^ TO r "§§SSSSS§§8§§§§88§§g§S§S§§§g8§Sg liiliMIfiillWIIIiiiiiiiiillli 62 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 be C 3 W •Z O c O 3 eo © O) CI -r CO fcij-c: © OJ T3 a m 0) a; C oj &, a o CJ .^3 ^ 60 H a *^ o GQ EH 1 a: S § 1 — ti o ta tC •r: m o eo C. • o©o ooocooooocoosoocoooooooooc © © 'T. ^ 5 ©OO 00OC=:C:C=:0=;©CC:O30©C0O©©0 = 0C © © ^1 o " ooo ©©©©ir:©»^io©in©»n©©©©©o©o©oc©©c ICIO aj !M (M S^ 1 r-l .-H — ,-1 M t-l IM C-. lMt~-*C^l--;©OS^iM©XX5MX©r^-*C<|— . — . -* X eg 5 C^'l-HT- ^ — :— t^i-i -c^ -o-^io • • en t^iM 1-1 ■ ,-1 -Is] o © ^ P ^ •S^ O • • Mr-I ^ "M ^ © © •aBa^\ pos IJ c; % '"' joj a}-Bogpja3 ,-!,"' _r-rr--rrrrrrr-rrrrrr-rrrl © O C o © o ^- r^ . . . . . . . X 0,' 1 5 £li 3 i: . = r .... = . : S 0 o "2 = : S"'"'''"'''3"'"d -a S r i ^ 1 f ^ O 1^ 3i >> - z - r 05 C '' ■OiV: l^l^ias O © I- •^(MC<;-flO©XX©©r^r-liMCC"*.— C-lCC-*iO©t^X©©r- -HIM • o X ::..■;: c : • ^ l-H • "^ ^ 1 • "o o . ' ! ! ! . - ^ i ;'e .i ■ •ie o • ; ; • ; ;c3K : :I5 > 3J ^— ' >J . OJ .i J O s £ jwer Co. , Ltd er Works Commission •lit and Water Siiimlv c ■ o 1 ex iiy Co r and Light Co., Ltd flit Syndicate Ojierating Co., Ltd . . ., Ltd t and Power Co., Ltd t and Cataract Powei inifacturing Co., Ltd. td . . n of Niagara n of Thorold Light and Power Co., , Ltd.. Port Dalhousi it Co.. Ltd . > ^c3 d O S o IP ■X. c X. r s 3 £ le (ias and Water ''t^bster, Norwich . . nburg Electric Lig s Munro. Embro. . Istock Electric Lig Rowan Electric Li tford Street Railw: •.soil Electric Powe Dover I'^lectric Lig tford Electric and P]lectric Light Co ilton Electric Ligh ilton Electric Ligh ric Power and Ma: las Electric (>o., Li oration of the Tow oration of the Tow atharines Electric e Leaf Rubber Co. u'iile Elecbric Ligl . Van Dyke, (Ji-im and Electric Light rio Electric Light ; itton Electric Ligh Cooke, St. Cathar e Leaf Rubber Co. h5 : is o to o ^ ® 03 c 5 C.J3 IIS £.:i S C ^ "C 2 i S t > s o CD "O c a i ^ c3 o 1 w ^ ELECTRIC LIGHT INSPECTIOX 63 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 lOiCOOOOOOCOOOOOOCOOOOOiOOiOOiOOOOiOlOiOOOOOOOOOOlOlOOiC (^^(^lr^r^•^T-^r^r^r^1-HT-^^^I-^^--l^^r^1^NIHr^^^C^^^C<^T--lN,-^r^T-HI^^^^I*lTtlCC^«DCO'*'lO-^-*C5(M:OCOt^iO «CC5lM05010r-iCOO'*'iOC.'^MlOOlOr-IIM 05 0 CC l^ 00000000!000-t*00©lOOOOOOOOOOQOO ooiot--oor:ot— oo^oiciot^cooiooooooooioo t^OCC(^10»'MCOCOT}^00^-IO^^-tt>lO iMiOtNCC^OOOCOOCO-* C". O O CO 05000 •C05<10I O © I 1-1 T-l (M cOTth-- O ^ -w O o^ be boT, '~ O ,"g 1, c c * t- -^S ^ o P5 o S 2 bjoij 4.0 •So .2 o-c i- o 1-2 S Ph be "^ I =' £ S L'.S « O S &c :3^ -^ -is > — ^ lij o ^ o3 to r:^ +3 1^ C ^ aj 64 INLAND BEVEXUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 c3 a 3 '^3 W ,i: I— 1 •*-> O u C5 oo 00000 Or-0-, M p— •OM FH»S ■^ jqcO'VioaJL^xiO — — iMcof>o;c i-H N CO f ..o « t- 0OC;©i-''t: ^:^^'r:. -^ s = j 31 ■ P-i • ' be >-, c a c 0 - > .2t ^^ iv2 2- .2 c 5 'C ■11 o ■ 5 3 X , r. C^ n't : o •o ll 2 -t> E 1 lectric Light and Co s., Drayton ey. New Hanibui h: Bros.. Avton > X C c > bi C L 3 S o H «- X! S bj pi: Pakenham John Bourk Mattawa E Renfrew El Wm. A iSI Smith's Fal Perth Ek^ct Almonte E A rn prior ]*'. Carleton PI Citizen's El Canadian J C. Bonfield Corixir.itioii ■^ g-S'H'K 2 S S A. Grov'es, Waterloo E Berlin Gas Adams Bro Jacob Mori N. Winger Bearman & Robert Yoi Thomas An -X o g fl ■" c § c ) H ELECTRIC LIGHT INSPECTION 65 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 © © O lO o iH rH .^ IMi-l ©0®00©©0©00©00®®00 ©00©©©©©0000©©000© OC©l0 10©>00©©©0©®!P»OlOO rH.-HT-((M(N.-IIMi-lrHT-lrHTHi-(tHC<|lM(Mi-l ®o®®io®®®®®m®m®®®®®io©©©io©® .Hi-lrHiHC^rHr-liHr-liHIMrHC^tiHT-lr-lT-trHSqr-li-li-INiHi-l iH Tj< iOtO O ®t^O®®®®i0OOCCO®OO®C-H0®O®®®00l0 ®i^oooo©io©®co®®®®®(M»a®®®®oooiO Ot-it^'r®r-'Got^oioiMt^®®oo»nc^®©®»no-*i>. OOC-1(MlO^-*?OCOrHOOincC®;DC5->l<10Tt<05lOO'»®Ot- 100CC®®®00©®< TH -^ ■* TtH lO _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _iOOCOp-f®iC t:^C1c<^-*iO^Ot^C005 ®.-IS^C0'*'lC;«t^0005®i-HIMC0'*O«0t>-C0CiO' . & o o eS CB g ^'^ c a- Q SO P-l ^ " o || O o H .13 °-; 5 !h 01 i- CtS ■gS s.^Opg s '^ <3i ^ "^ g =0^*1 S.S e=y gQ -^3 O to hCr-)_bC .-^si^ > bc«^ C bc"^ r" 1^ ^< 1 go 2S 2 S i;-;-; ^ '^ ^ 05 O =« ^od5.oi,:g-£Ot^<§t o bo.* •go TTrP ^^ s o o «>« 0:5 =»0;g ■= '3 a. J "i^ '^ •'" ^'^ o 355^-Sta-OtS^O oj a> Q kT > O- >- w g " 2 ?^ .2-S ^ .a ao -§5.2 -=-? d > o o o ^ §.2 2 0. S 3 _=^ _G 1> rf S* '^'-^-f.boo c =5 a a^ i-aC?'-;OiIiO 13—5 .]«6 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 d s Oi K J3 I— ( o s^ Oi 0) Tl o CO -73 d <0 d 01 1-5 bCTS OI ^ T3 CO 0) d 0! d rt Oh d o U -u J= tc f^ d o H i o o s g lis o in o IN 1^ cc •H CO -s m c: eo iH H o o o o OOOOOC) gggoggg©©©©©© ©©©©©©© • fi *^ oooo © © © ©©© ©®©©©©o .2 o 05 o © iCl o o io©ir5o©©©©©©io©oio©©icin© iCl © lO lO lO © (M © ,H (N i-li-l (M iH (M C<1 iH 1-1 i-lt-(r-(T-l(Mi-l(M(MrHiH (MIM iH IM i-l(N as (N iH 1-1 H m o coo o CO © CXi(M©©CO©©©©©©©©©»00© © © © © © © ©^ c: CO O 0C0»0OOC0©l0©©©i0ia©rH t^© iH l-H CV O rHCJCSC "^ t> • S p> O i i ■ ■ C - - - 0) .2 |_ c3 1 . 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Morden Electric L L s <:;■:: :e s 0/ o ^ w^ >■ 2: >- s o c s a ^ c3 > ELECTRIC LIGHT INSPECTION SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 ©o o o o o JO -f O O (M 05 lO 00 M CO -o C^l_ l-T r-Toc" 0?D O O O © 10-* © O © © ■H (M CO ^60 •J3 i*^ US' a^ So c >. ^- ^ S (B S <1 P5 §^ O ^' W Q 1-2 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 A. 1902 DOMINION ELECTRICAL STANDARDS BY ORMOND HIGMAN, M. INST. E. E.; A. M. CAN. SOO. C. E., Chief Electrical Engineer, Inland Revenue Department. In 1894 when Parliament passed the Electrical Units Act, (Schedule A.) the writer was called upon to procure the apparatus necessary to produce and express the standard units therein legalized. In seeking for guidance in the discharge of this important and responsible duty, I naturally turned to the brilliant work accomplished by the Committee on Electrical Standards appointed by the British Association in the seventies, and the no less brilliant work accomplished by the Electrical Standards Committee of the Board of Trade and contained in their report to Parliament in 1891-92. The results of the labours of these committees will, I venture to say, be found to be the most interesting and instructive chapters in the history of electrical science. At the period when they commenced their labours the experimental sciences of electricity and magnetism were, for the most part, mere collections of qualitative results estimated by means of units which were altogether arbitrary. The work of the committees changed experimental electricity into an exact science by adopting the C. G. S. system as their fundamental basis, and which enabled them to express their results in units that are altogether independent of instruments or surroundings. For practical purposes, however, it was necessary that the units should find expression in apparatus, the accuracy and constancy of which could not be ques- tioned. For the absolute measurement of current and electro-motive force, both varying and unvarying, Lord Kelvin's instruments were recommended. The following apparatus has been procured by bhe department as Standards of Electrical measure ; and although not by any means complete, 1 am glad to be able to report that substantial progress has been made in complying with the requirements of section 3 of the Units Act. STANDARDS OF RESISTANCE. Two standard ohms, one of the Board of Trade and one of the Reichsanstalt (Berlin) pattern. 72 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 One resistance box containing ten 1 ohm coils with suitable plugging arrangements for putting the coils in series as a 10 ohm standard or in multiple as a Jg- ohm standard. One Kelvin resistance coil 100,000 ohms with 10 sub-divisions of 10,000 ohms, each arranged with plugs for connecting in series or in parallel or any combination of series and parallel. One Wheatstone Bridge (Anthony pattern) with ratio coils 1, 10, 100, 1,000 and 10,000 on each side with bridge coils of tenths, units, tens, hundreds and thousands. These coils are made of manganin wire specially selected and the box is fitted with an electric thermometer. Measurements of great accuracy can be obtajned with this bridge used in conjunction with a sensitive reflecting D' Arson val galvanometer. Tntercompari- sons between these standards will be made from time to time and records kept of their variations. ELECTRICAL STANDARDS 73 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 MEASUREMENT OP CURRENT. For the measurement of current a set of Lord Kelvin's balances has been provided ■covering the following ranges : 0 to .... 1 anopere. 1 to 5 5 to 25 " 25 to 125 " These instruments are founded on the mutal forces, discovered by Ampere, between movable and fixed portions of an electric circuit. The shape chosen for the mutually influencing portions is circular and are called by Lord Kelvin ' Ampere Rings '. In «ach of the instruments each movable ring is actuated by two fixed rings, all three approxi nately horizontal. There are two such groups of three rings — two movable rings -attached to the two ends of a horizontal balance arm pulled, one up and the other down by a pair of fixed rings in its neighbourhood. The current is in opposite directions in the movable rings to practically annul disturbances due to horizontal components of terrestrial or local magnetic forces. It is fortunate that these magnetic disturbances have \ een thus annulled for reasons that will be alluded to presently. In all of the balances the current goes in opposite directions through the two fixed rings, so that the movable ring is attracted by one of the fixed rings and repelled by the other. The balances were constructed specially for the department and are a modification of the ordinary type. They are intended as ultimate standards, great accuracy and permanency being guaranteed. The scale and sliding weights are taken away and the beam is made specially sti'ong and has a pointer at each end. A scale pan is hung at each end of the beam, and the distance from coil to coil is greater than in the ordinary balance. The method of making an observation is by placing a weight of fixed amount on the left hand scale pan, and the beam is balanced with no current through the coils ; the weight is then lifted to the right hand scale pan and the current turned on. The amount of current passing is adjusted till the beam again balances, when the current will be according to the value of the weight used. Tests, having an accuracy of 2-V of 1 per cent can be quickly made, and with more careful manipulation, a much higher degree of accuracy can be attained. For purposes of graduation or standardization, the silver voltameter is used. It is one of the most accurate for calibrating current measuring instruments. It depends on the well-known principle that when a current of electricity flows through an electrolyte, the amount of decomposition resulting in a ^iven time is directly proportional to the 74; INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EdWATlD VII., A. 1902 total quantity of electricity which has passed ia that time. For any substance 1 coulomb will always decompose or liberate at the cathode the same fixed weight of the substance and is defined as its electro-cheinical equivalent. The latest experiments agree in giving O'OOlllS (9,634 C.G.S. units) as the electro-chemical equivalent of silver. The specification for the electrolyte is given in schedule B. A more convenient, if not quite as accurate a method is the copper cell. The exerimenter should be careful to procure pure copper sulphate and plates and the use of a chemical balance. A small quanti y of sulphuric acid will improve the electrolyte. The electro- chemical equivalent of copper is 0 003 37 or 1-177 grammes of copper are deposited per ampere hour, approximately. ELECTRICAL STANDARDS 75 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 TS INLAND REVENUES .1-2' EDWARD Vll., A. 1902 Another method for the measurement of current and the standardization of instru- ments is the fall of potential or potentiometer method. The department is now instal- ling one of Crompton's laboratory instruments of this type, made expressly to order and suitable for reproducing and comparing standards with the highest possible degree of accuracy. Standard resistances of the following capacity are furnished with the instru- ment for current measurement : — Resistance Maximum current in ohms. in amperes. 1 1.5 .5 3. .1 15. .01 150. .005 300. ffiCE^ These resistances consist of a sheet or strip of metal, or a coil of wire, each provided with four terminals, two for connection to the circuit and two for connection to the potential leads. The resistances are made of manganin and owing to the exceedingly low temperature co-efficient of the alloy, no temperature correction is necessary except for accuracies exceeding 1 part in 1,000 when a curve giving the temperature value of the ELBiCTRICAL STANDARDS Tl SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 whole range of current that the instrument is capable of carrying is supplied. The cur- rent to be measured is passed through one ef these standard resistances and the fall of potential noted. If the resistance standards are properly proportioned to the instrument, the reading in amperes will be direct. Thus a standard carrying 1,500 amperes should cause a fall of 1 5 volts, each section of the instrument being equivalent to ^^ of a volt will therefore correspond to 100 amperes. The accuracy of the apparatus for current measurement, as will be observed, is largely dependent on the accuracy with which the standard resistances are constructed. Another and similar method for the measurement of current by the fall of potential is that known as the "Vienna method." A set of instruments comprising a Weston milli-voltraeter and shunt box have been procured and forms one of the most flexible and at the same time, accurate means of current measurement. In this as in the pre- ceding method, if the resistances are proportional to the voltmeter, the reading in amperes will be direct. The resistances in the shunt box are made of manganin alloy with practically no temperature variation and are correct to |- of 1 per cent. The com- bination gives three full scale readings as follows : — From 0 to 1.5 ampere, from 0 to 15 amperes, and from 0 to 150 amperes. Tests can be made with great rapidity and readings on each scale from a small fraction of an ampere up to 150 amperes can be had in the space of two or three minutes. 78 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 MEASUREMENT OP ELECTRO-MOTIVE FORCE. Primary Standards. — Two standard Clark cells ; three Hibbard 1 volt cells and a set of six special standard multicellular electrostatic voltmeters by Lord Kelvin. The latter covers a range of from 20 to 3,200 volts and was specially constructed for the department as ultimate standards of E M.F. great accuracy and permanency, being guaranteed. During the two years since the instruments were first installed, the variation in the calibrating curves has been less than 1 part in 10,000. These instruments have the great advantage of being equally accurate on direct or alternating circuits. Being electro-static, they use no current and are unaffected by local magnetic conditions. They can be kept continuously in circuit and require no temperature correction. The instruments are calibrated by comparison with the difference of potential between the terminals of a known resistance through which the current is being UlECTlllCAL SfAXDAJlDS •r? ^ Tiic^ c;^2^«' t^3c;^ 't?'"^!' _.^_S ELECTRICAL STANDARDS 79 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 measured by means of a Kelvin standard centi-ampere balance, or by the potentiometer method. Inter-comparisons with the standard e.m.f. cells are periodically made and all variations recorded. The method of comparison followed is that known as the Clark- PoggendorfF method and consists in the balancing of electro-motive forces against one another by the changing of resistances. It is preferred over most other methods for the reason that it is both a zero and null method. The apparatus used comprise a sensitive galvanometer, two or three cells of working battery, the E. M. Fs. Ej and Eo to be compared and adjustable high resistances r^ and r^,. Different readings of resistances are made and a comparison of the E. M. F. obtained from the relation : — El : E^ = ri ; r^. The specification for the standard Clark cell will be found in Schedule C. THE POTENTIOMETER. This excellent piece of laboratory apparatus and its adjuncts, though equally appli- cable to the measurement of current and resistance more properly comes under the head of E. M. F. standards for treatment. The fall of potential method of making measure- ments originated with Poggendorf, but the credit for developing the system from a crude workshop method up to what may fairly be described as a scientific instrument of no mean calibre, mainly belongs to Col. R. E. Crompton, of London. Measurements from the lowest to the highest value may be taken by direct comparison with the legal standard, to well within ^L of one per cent under ordinary circumstances, whilst by special care a far higher degree of accuracy may be attained. The form of instrument now being furnished the department by the Messrs Crompton may be said to consist of 15 sections of wire connected in series, 14 of which are in the form of coils within the instrument, the 15th being stretched along a scale suitably divided ; they are accurately adjusted with each other, so that with a fixed e. m. f. of 1 -5 volts over the whole, each section has a fall of yL of a volt, the scale beneath the slide wire having 1,000 divisions, each corresponding therefore, to j o^o^ ^f a volt. The unknown quantity to be measured is placed in series with a galvanometer attached to the movable contacts on the slide wire and is so connected up that its e. m. f. oppo(=€8 that of the main circuit of the instrument. No deflection of the galvanometer tak^s place when the point of balance between the opposing e. m. f s. is obtained. The value of the comparison is then read from the scale. The instrument is calibrated by substi- tuting for X a known value or standard — in this case a standard Clarke's cell — its tem- perature noted, and the contacts on the slide wire placed upon the figures coriv:jsponding with the value of the cell which would be 1.434 or 14 and 34. Resistance is added in the main circuit until there is no deflection on the galvanometer due to the fact of the e. m. fs. in the main and galvanometer circuits being equal ; the instrument is thus standardized from what afterwards becomes the x circuit and is then ready for obtain- ing the value of unknown e. m. f s. Multiples and submultiples of the ohm are used to vary the range of the instrument. They are so proportioned that their maximum carry- ing capacity is some definite value proportional to that of the instrument (IS volts) and it is entirely upon them that the range of the apparatus depends. Given proper standard resistances, the range of the instrument is practically illimitable. Weston standard voltmeters are used as secondary standards of e. m. f., both for direct and alternating current. One of these, for alternating current work was, specially made for our laboratory and has its coils and working parts immersed in oil, thus making it absolutely dead beat in its operation. It is supplied with a differential scale giving readings to i volt. These voltmeters are furnished with multipliers giving ranges from 0 to 1,500 volts and accurate to within -^^ of one per cent. 80 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 MEASUREMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY One Standard Kelvin Watt Balance. — This balance is intended to measure the true energy developed in an inductive alternating current circuit. It is similar in form to the Ampere Balances, but the movable coils are wound with fine wire. These coils are of low resistance and are joined up in series with a large non-inductive resistance in a potential circuit across the mains, while the fixed coils carry the whole current to be measured. Three sets of weights are supplied with the instrument weighing respectively 1-7564 grms., 4-3910 grms., and 17-5640 grms. The constant for each set of weights with 1 - 000 ohms in the fine wire circuit is 2 watts, 5 watts and 20 watts per division of the scale. The constants vary directly as the resistance in the fine wire circuit. This instrument has proven to be an excellent standard having been in constant use for four years with absolutely no change in its accuracy. Secondary Watt Standards in upe by the departmental ofiicers are those of the Weston and Hoyt types. ACCESSORIES. The following apparatus as accessories to the foregoing standards have been installed in the department : — One 5 Kilowatt rotary transformer 500 to 120 volts for charging storage batteries; One 5 Kilowatt alternator 60 cycles 104 volts. One 5 Kilowatt alternator 130 cycles 104 volts. One 5 Kilowatt direct current motor for operating the alternators. 300 small cells of secondary battery as a source of e. m. f . for direct current pressure tests. 55 cells type E 9 chloride accumulators for operating the direct current motor. The alternators are so constructed as to admit of wide ranges of variation both in respect of voltage and frequency. PHOTOMETERIC MEASUREMENT OF LIGHT. The Bunsen Photometer is used throughout the Dominion by the oflScers of the department. This piece of apparatus is so well known that a lengthy explanation of it before this association would be quite unnecessary. It is known as the grease spot method, and consists mainly of a wooden movable frame over which a piece of white paper is fixed with a grease spot in the centre. The two sources of light to be compared shines on either side of the disc and the practical value of the light to be measured is determioed by the total brightness which that light is capable of producing on the disc when compared with the total brightness which the unit candle is capable of producing on the same surface. In order that both sides of the disc may be read simultaneously, a system of mirrors, introduced by RudorfiF, is used. The sliding carriage containing this arrangement of disc and mirrors is moved along the scale until it reaches a point where the spot entirely disappears.. The candle-p iwer of the light being measured is then obtained by dividing the square of the distance of the source of light from the screen by the square of the distance of the standard candle from the screen. Notwithstanding the fact that the sperm candle is not a first-class standard, fairly accurate work can be done with it. The incandescent lamp is now more or less used as a secondary standard for the practical measurement of light, but the system is dependent on too many conditions being fulfilled to be accepted with any degree of confidence. Sir William Preece, among a number of other?, considered that an incandescent lamp of a given type, coming from the same maker, present only insignificant differences among themselves with respeet to luminous intensity and efficiency, and he was of the opinion that a very convenient standard of this kind sufiiciently exact for most purposes might be obtained. The subject of photometery and light standards, however, is a large one and had better be reserved for treatment on some future occasion. ELECTRICAL STANDARDS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 SCHEDULE A. H 57-58 VICTORIA. CHAP. 38. An Act respecting the Units of Electrical Measure. [^Assented to 23rd July, 1894-^ ER Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate and House of Commons of Canada, enacts as follows : — 1. This Act may be cited as The Electrical Units Act. Short title. 2. The units of electrical measure for Canada shall be the follow- Units estab ing : — lished. (a.) As a unit of resistance, the ohm, which is based upon the ohm ohm equal to \Q^ units of resistance of the centimetre-gramme-second system of electro-magnetic units, and is represented by the resistance offered to an unvarying electric current by a column of mercury, at the temperature of melting ice 14*4521 grammes in mass, of a con- stant cross-sectional area and of the length of 106 3 centimetres. (6.) As a unit of current, the ampere, which is one-tenth of the unit Ampere. of current of the centimetre-gramme-second system of electro-magnetic units, and is represented sufficiently well for practical use by the unvarying current which, when passed through a solution of nitrate of silver in water, and in accordance with the specification contained in schedule one to this Act, deposits silver at the rate of 0-001118 of a gramme per second. (c.) As a unit of electro-motive force, the volt, which is the electro- Volt. motive force that, steadily applied to a conductor whose resistance is one ohm, will produce a current of one ampere, and which is repre- sented sufficiently well for practical use by Jf |f of the electro-motive force between the poles or electrodes of the voltaic cell known as Clark's cell, at a temperature of 15° centigrade and prepared in accordance with the specification contained in schedule two to this Act. (d.) As a unit of quantity, the coulomb, which is the quantity of Coulomb electricity transferred by a current of one ampere in one second. (e.) As a unit of capacity, the farad, which is the capacity of a Farad, condenser charged to a potential of one volt by one coulomb. 13—6 INLAND BE VENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Joule. (/•) ^s a unit of work, the joule, which is equal to 10" units of work in the centimetre-gramme-second system, and is represented sufficiently well for practical use by the energy expended in one second by one ampere in one ohm. Watt. {g-) As a unit of power, the watt, which is equal to 10'^ units of power in the centimetre-gramme-second system, and is represented sufficiently well for practical use by the work done at the rate of one joule per second. Henry. (^h.) As the unit of induction, the henry, which is the induction in a circuit when the electro-motive force induced in that circuit is one volt, while the inducing current varies at the rate of one ampere per second. Units and ap- ^. The units of electrical measure described in the next preceding m Depart- ^ section, or such standard apparatus as is necessary to produce them, ment of In- shall be deposited in the Department of Inland Revenue and shall and Revenue, form part of the system of standards of measure and weight establish- ed by The Weights and Measures Aot. SCHEDULE B. In the following specification, the term silver voltameter means the arrangement of apparatus by means of which an electric current is passed through a solution of nitrate of silver in water. The silver voltameter measures the total electrical quantity which has passed during the time of the experiment ; and by noting this time, the time- average of the current, or, if the current has been kept constant, the current itself, can be deduced. In employing the silver voltameter to measure currents of about one ampere, the following arrangements should be adopted. The cathode on which the silver is to be deposited should take the form of a platinum bowl not less than 10 centimetres in diameter and from 4 to 5 centimetres in depth. The anode should be a plate of pure silver 30 square centimetres in area and 2 or 3 millimetres in thickness. This is supported horizontally in the liquid near the top of the solution by a platinum wire passed through holes in the plate at opposite cor- ners. To prevent the disintegrated silver which is formed on the anode from falling on to the cathode, the anode should be wrapped round with pure filter paper, secured at the back with sealing wax. The liquid should consist of a neutral solution of pure silver nitrate containing about 15 parts by weight of the nitrate to 85 parts of water. The resistance of the voltameter changes somewhat as the current passes. To prevent these changes having too great an effect on the current, some resistance besides that of the voltameter should be inserted in the circuit. The total metallic resistance of the circuit should not be less than 10 ohms. SCHEDULE C. The cell consists of zinc and mercury in a saturated solution of zinc sulphate and mercurous sulphate in water, prepared with mercurous sulphate in excess, and is conveniently contained in a cylindrical glass vessel. The mercury — To secure purity it should be first treated with acid in the usual manner, and subsequently distilled in vacuo. ELECTRICAL STANDARDS 83 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 The zinc. — Take a portion of a rod of pure re-distilled zinc, solder to one end a piece of copper wire, clean the whole with glass paper, care- fully removing any loose pieces of the zinc. Just before making up the cell, dip the zinc into dilute sulphuric acid, wash with distilled water, and dry with a clean cloth or filter paper. The zinc sulphate solution. — Prepare a saturated solution of pure (" pure re-crystallized ") zinc sulphate by mixing in a flask distilled water with nearly twice its weight of crystals of pure zinc sulphate, and adding zinc oxide in the proportion of about 2 per cent by weight of the zinc sulphate crystals to neutralize any free acid. The crystals should be dissolved with the aid of gentle heat, but the temperature to which the solution is raised should not exceed 30° C. Mercurous sulphate treated as hereinafter described, should be added in the pro- portion of about 12 per cent by weight of the zinc sulphate crystals, and the solution filtered, while still warm, into a stock bottle. Crystals should form as it cools. The mercurous sulphate. — Take mercurous sulphate, purchased as pure, and wash it thoroughly with cold distilled water by agitation in a bottle ; drain ofi" the water, and repeat the process at least twice. After the last washing, drain off as much of the water as possible. Mix the washed mercurous sulphate with the zinc sulphate solution, adding sufiicient crystals of zinc sulphate from the stock bottle to ensure saturation, and a small quantity of pure mercury. Shake these up well together to form a paste of the consistence of cream. Heat the paste, but not above a temperature of 30° C. Keep the paste for an hour at this temperature, agitating it from time to time ; then allow it to cool, continuing to shake it occasionally while cooling. Crystals of zinc sulphate should then be distinctly visible, and should be distributed throughout the mass. If this is not the case, add more crystals from the stock bottle, and repeat the whole process. This method ensures the formation of a saturated solution of zinc and mer- curous sulphates in water. Contact is made with the mercury by means of a platinum wire about No. 22 gauge. This is protected from contact Avith the other materials of the cell by being sealed in a glass tube. The ends of the wire project from the ends of the tube ; one end forms the terminal ; the other end and a portion of the glass tube dip into the mercury. 1-2 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 A. 1902 EEPOET, EETUE^S AISTD STATISTICS INLAND KEYENUES DOMINION OF CANADA FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30 1901 PART III ADULTERATION OF FOOD PRINTED BY ORDER OF PARLIAMENT OTTAWA PRINTED BY S. E. DAWSON, PRINTER TO THE KING'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY 1901 No. 14—1902.] 1-2 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 A. 1902 CONTENTS. Deputy Minister's Report Official Analysts' Reports : — District of Halifax, IST.S. do Quebec Appendix do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do Ottawa Toronto London Winnipeg British Columbia , A " Inspection of Lager Beer. B" C" D" E" F" G" H" I " J" K" do do do do do do do do do do Page. 1 Tea 11 Aerated Waters 14 Potted Cream Cheese 18 Cocoa 20 Jam 22 Pickles Saltpetre 27 Borax 30 Vinegar 32 Linseed oil 38 ' L " Bulletin No. 74. Milk, 1900 42 'M" do 75. Fertilizers, 1901 54 ' N" do 76. Canned Salmon • • ■ • 100 ' O " do 77. Effervescent Sodium Phosphate 115 ' P " do 78. White Lead in oil 129 5 6 7 8 9 10 - 13 - 17 - 19 21 - 25 26 - 29 - 31 - 37 - 41 - 53 - 99 113 -128 141 1-2 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 A. 1902 REPORT DEPUTY MINISTER OF INLAND REVENUE. INSPECTION OF FOODS, DRUGS AND FERTILIZERS. To the Honourable M. E. Bernier, Minister of Inland Revenue. Sir, — I have the honour herewith to submit the reports of the official analysts of the Dominion for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1901. The following is a summary statement of the whole number of samples analysed by them : — Description of Sample. Genuine. Adulter- ated. Doubtful. Not Classed. Total. Canned salmon 94 8 38 61 127 16 1 1 19 8 1 14 31 25 5 1 2 2 18 9 1 1 100 Lager beer Tea 10 40 Aerated waters 6 10 69 Milk 155 Cream cheese 25 Abbey's effervescing salt ... 1 2 1 Effervescing phosphate of soda Pickles . , . . 40 5 2 64 10 Cocoa 6 10 3 15 1 1 43 7 9 1 5 7 Jams , 8 32 Borax 34 Saltpetre Baking powder 2 42 1 Cream of tartar . 8 56 57 31 31 25 9 White lead in oil 99 Fertilizers , . . . . 1 65 Vinegar 14 54 Turpentine 32 30 Total 652 178 49 2 881 I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, October 27, 1901. 14—1 1-2 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 A. 1902 REPORTS OF PQBLIC ANALYSTS. Laboratory of the Official Analyst for Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island, 66 Bedford Row, Halifax, N.S., August 17, 1901. The Deputy Minister of Inland Revenue, Ottawa. Sir — I have the honour to submit my annual report on the samples of food &c. analysed by me during the year ending June 30, 1901, as follows : Sample. Canned salmon Tea Ginger beer, &c , Milk Cream cheese Effervescent phosphate of soda., Borax Saltpetre Baking powder Cream of tartar. White lead Fertilizers Oil of turpentine Raw linseed oil Genuine. IG 8 13 21 1 i' 3 Adulter- -ated. 79 3 9 10 1 2 1 1 8 7 "5' 47 Not Classed. Total. 16 8 13 24 10 10 5 5 1 1 16 10 3 5 127 I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, MAYNARD BOWMAN. U— U INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Annual Report of the samples analysed in the Quebec Laboratory, from July 1, 1900 to June 30, 1901. Description of Sample. Month in which Analysed. Number of Sample. Genuine. Doubtful. Adulter- ated. Sold as Compound Total. Canned salmon Saltpetre Ginper beer 1900. July August. . . . September . October . . . November . December . 1901. Januarj' . . . February . . March April June 16 10 12 2 i 10 24 10 5 5 16 5 5 10 5 5 13 8 6 2 s' 23 5 5 3 7 1 2 10 5 4 1 2 2 2 1(5 10 4 12 2 Eff . sodium phosphate . . . Pickles 2 1 1 10 Milk 1 5 24 Eff. sodium fjhosphate. . . 10 5 Saltpetre 4 ' 2 2 9 5 16 Vinegar on pickles Vinegar 5 1 5 10 5 1 5 Total , 141 102 13 26 141 Dr. M. FISET, Analyst. Laboratory Inland Revenue, Quebec, July 8, 1901. ADULTERATION OF FOOD SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 Ottawa, August 19, 1901. To the Commissioner of Inland Revenue, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to make the following report on the inspection of samples which were referred for my examination during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1901. Sample. Genuine. Adulter- ated. Doubtful. Total. Canned salmon Tea 14 7 4 6 4 9 24 3 5 7 5 9 5 4 14 Ginger beer Lemon sour 2 6 6 Effervesc. soda phosphate 3 4 4 I 2 11 Jams Milk 14 26 Saltpetre 5 Borax 5 White lead in oil 7 4 14 Vinegar Fertilizers 9 9 Oil of turpentine ... Linseed oil 5 4 Total ' 106 18 11 135 I have the honour to be, sir, Yours respectfully, F. X. VALADE, M.D Public Analys INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Ottawa, September 21, 1901. To the Commissioner of Inland Revenue, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit a statement of the work done in my laboratory during the past year. I have analysed 141 samples, of which 118 were reported as unadulterated, 1 6 as adulterated, and 7 as doubtful. The details of this work are given in the annexed table. Samples examined by Official Analyst at Toronto during year 1900-01. Sample. Canned salmon Larger beer Aerated waters Efferves-c. soda jjhosphate. Eno's fruit salts Potted cheese Milk Saltpetre Borax Vinegar Vinegar from pickles White lead in oil Fertilizers Linseed oil Turpentine Totals. Genuine. Adulter- ated. Doubtful. 16 8 12 2 1 10 19 3 5 5 5 12 10 4 6 1 1 8 1 2" 1 5 4 118 16 7 Total. 16 10 12 11 1 10 24 5 6 .5 5 16 10 4 6 141 I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, W. HODGSON ELLIS. ADULTERATION OF FOOD SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 Office of Public Analyst, London, June 30, 1901. To the Commissioner of Inland Revenue, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to present a tabulated statement of results of analyses of samples submitted to me by the department during the past year : — Samples. Genuine. Adulter- ated. Doubtful. Total. Canned Salmon Tea Aerated waters Effervescent salts Cocoa Milk Effervescent phosphate of soda Saltpetre Borax . Vinegar White lead Fertilizers Oil of turpentine . . . Raw linseed oil Totals 14 5 10 1 1 18 3 2 4 6 10 18 5 4 101 25 14 7 10 1 7 21 10 4 5 9 14 18 5 ■4 129 I have ihe honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, FRANKLIN T. HARRISON. H - ^ INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Winnipeg, Canada, July 20, 1901. To the Commissioner of Inland Revenue, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to present a tabulated statement showing the general results of the examination of samples submitted to me by the department during the year ending June .30, 1901 : — I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant. 1 Samples. i Genuine. Adulter- 1 Doubtful. Not Classified. Total. 12 12 8 4 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 12 Tea i" 12 8 9 1 Borax Saltpetre 4 1 6 0 3 6 6 " 0 0 6 2 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 7 0 4 4 12 8 Fertilizers . . . ... 8 4 4 5 16 8 4 4 Jam Milk.. 18 18 Totals 84 22 15 1 122 E. B. KENRICK ADULTERATION OF FOOD SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 Public Analyst's Office, Victoria, B.C., Sept. 12, 1901. To the Commissioner of Inland Revenue, Ottawa. Sir. — I beg to submit report for year ending June 30, 1901 : — Samples. Genuine. Adulter- ated. Total. Cream of tartar Canned salmon 8 9 6 6 1 5 6 2 4 7 4 4 0 3 0 12 1 0 .5 2 0 1 0 0 8 12 Tea 6 Milk Effervescing phosphate Cream cheese White lead Saltpetre Borax 18 2 5 11 4 4 Vinegar 8 Oil of turpentine , 4 Linseed oil 4 Totals G2 24 86 I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, C. J. FAGAN. 10 jyiAXD REVEXUEiS 1-2 EDWARD V!l., A. 1902 1 '{- > 1 < '1 Q -r X -^ "-^ t*- ^•^ ^ X — c br C- .^ — Ti >- C > u ■.5 S i 5 r 1-^ o a O fS ^^ "s : : - ^ > h4 fa s ^ K ^ t> Tc -r < *^ t^ c ^ S • a.i£ : .1^ = (S . 1 eS 0- 0 CO t^ 1 >. •anpisai past (M K g (M (M -:)< L-: ■<*■ ■* 5^) © © X ' %'e jsag O c o © o © © i-( 1^ I-l tH T-H ^ rH r-i iH J 1 o i-H IM cs ■* in O b- X 05 I •* ■* ■<*> -i< ■* -^ ■<}ldui«g }o •os^ fe fe l^ ^ ^ fcC fe & fe (.N (M (N 0 5?^ g PQ.£ _^«^* S 'i i 3 i 5 " ^^ g!_£ bt^> tt II r-^ 1-^ 1-:; vj i-J h^ 1-3 1-5 I-l v-3 iJ -*■ -»• -* Tt< JO to ^^ 1—1 UOI^08[PQ JO a^JISQ g (M N w IM IM (M 1 — ■z - - - - = = 1 "^ ADULTERATION OF FOOD n SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 Name and Address of Vendor of Sample. P. Wambolt, Halifax, N.S. W. Wentzell & Co., Halifax, N.S. P. Torrens. Halifax. 'o -o O 02 a 8 N.B. M. & A. A. Barker, St. John, N.B. L. P. Swetra, St. John, N.B. c8 1 o o O d O Is Barnes, Ottawa . W. Sumner, Carleton Place. . Daron, Carleton Place. . E. Hicks. Perth. Ont. o Oh 1-^ ffi <1 \S^ f^ Q O C5 'V . cS .^ a< e3 1 d ■V CS CO > eS a > > « So r 1 1 0) OS s O !4H 0) o O h- O !^ CQ !^ CO c X in X CO r-( 'z!£S?' 6 CO -t< -1 c^ 1?; CO CO CO CO • © T-H m cq t^ •0 2? 'pUBg o o c <= © © © © © ©© ©©© o CO rr ir; cq ,_) cq X ©cq X t-^ CO o •^ cc e^ CO cq CO© •8^qn{0suj IM IM (M 1-H cq cq cq cq cqr-i iH rH cq rH CSI ^__ ^ Q © .-IC*< oc r- cc c: CO © ©X CO© •9jnqsioj;\[ 05 o . o © X © •^ t- XX ©OJ-l- 3 U I-H in •^ •^ »r •c l^ CO oeo t~-J X -^ cq I'B^ox "^ cq CO cq 00 05 <- ,_ 'T lO CO b- CO -^ in© CO M CO CO o- cr •8jd UI'Bg JO -o^ ?n f? • Jr h- t- t^ t- p© fe?^ ©o© iH i-H 1- I— "^ rH CSI osi ci cq csjcqcq ^ r C" ■* 10 © l^ CO -t< in © t^xos •8^'BO CO r' r^ M CO CO CO coco rr oc OC X X X t^t^ t^i>. ■W*J9C ) S,C)8^ Buy JO -0^ ^ « t- t^ t- cqcq cqcq cqcqcq uonoa lOQ JO Q'\VQ_ o 05 ba s -1^ " * ~ " • ~ ' ~ " " ' 12 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 -a IE a PQ 1 "5 c -iJ d C") 0^ P Is"-:; ■fcj ho s ■ rtage la ^tage la rtage la c il t2 1 1 g o .3 P3 .eg . .O 6 o G a S c 3 a S--S 5 P O £ ^ ^. >:s a d as .^ .1 «£ *'S aj ^5 a)„to ^ '.tK'.b^'.S §~ 2b 2h ^-^ 1 > c c. o 6 - s .2 c3 „ a; OJ c3 a be JO 1 §1 u ^ ^1^ m UTS cS ■c S t- 01 •2^ 0 «> q; ^- S c; « c^^ fcp.S J^ rt ^' u = sis £ fi H^ P 0- > Q> > -C qi "t; '- • ^ > sS > a K > tCt^ a^ ® ' S)^^ he o to ® 0 . in t^i- in CO X ii^ t~ i-i CO CO • ^ © 1-1 in t^ X o •^ U ■^ (M 00 »o o CO 0-. X t^co t^ in (M P3 s c 2 •8U1811X D- N eo q X F*oX IMIM(M IM IM tH r-( IM CO -r lO CO t^ t-xc- O 1-1 IM h- t^ r^ t^ t^ t^ •a[duii3f,' JO 'osj S 52 S S co ?s ?s IM IM ■9%V0 CO CO ■^ ■* ■^ rf •* • Sj: be O © " ■ ~ ' ~ C0~ " H - ■ " ' y^ ^_j (M CO O: C-. C c O © :<: eo CO IM IM C c- CO CO • Lioi!>oanoo JO ai'BQ 2 >. b£ he i-f o 10 o XI as ;o o t^ ^ be 4^ f2 05 C* C Oi OiOi feb 14 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 ^ S 5 .CQ . be - ^ _ .. ^s. -, __ HH H-i j^ Q J^cJ l^-S -5 * JO 05 •sjuidg jooaj^ tlC i •s[Biapi Xq pqoD^Y •aidiUBg }o -ox o rr — o C<1 CO ^' -^ ^ '-^ -H J5 o g t^ l^t^ l^ l^ t^ t^ ■■£ ^ :C !0 -^iO — t^- El; 3 '5 a* in O t^ 00C5 O X C-. © ,_! (N CO rH ■«< ■^ ■* •^ -»" iTi CC CO -* -f> -* ■"»■ O X CO X oo X X X X X X X X t- M IM c>; M « .'C >« K.Sa: = C iJ c o 1 ^ 3 . 2 o •UOl^OailOQ JO 9^BQ ADULTERATION OF FOOD 15 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 g I W CO ^ C0„' >;g ^S a a ^ o S c 5i = t: -t^ s g o s 6r -2 T3 S^ 'C 3^ h s cc a*' bo tJ «i^ WJ i-s og o l-S o Fi'S OJ niells Brit 2 p. T3 O g 3 and s contai above cohol ; btt |§ d tastes ger, and iment ; it in a] a S ■^ fa T3 3 S? S cr^ o-'SdS-^ 1-1 ij JlD O ^ ^^. 'i^ 00 4i M^ 'r/P .1^ H ^ § J2 S J 1^^ I'y C5 Soo 0) S c S S C l§sll a . « O So « o ^ "S -^ "3 Pm P-i r? >. 2" ^- oj B (u 2 S 3Q o (M ^ C'l c3 D 0) ."^ -w -C^ 5 S vP o £-" "S S*^ o S.2 yip3 <» > ss « o oj t^ o ^ s n "^ '!-§ -i fl ^ =e-S ^-^13 r/l (U £ a c'a ST3-S c c aj a. 2 82 a c -C rt Ji S/.Oi "^ ^ a > a O OJ' c3 c3 u o o 5^^ -=T3 .S S ■^ « tf a ^ geq g-. ^ ^ r* s =« ' '^ S §'2S:.5 »-3 r- p a ^ o-'hbS k1 o J " .all 1-3 c-c.-ti SJu H H H H H H iJ i-:i l-q §? ^ ^ ^ ?i § '■a s ■*1 ^ ^ g •1*" I-l iH o cc 1-1 'S" © T-H o (N © (N '-' 05 iH i-l CO -H •X (M Pi C5 u bo ^ -^ ^ 2 P3 "5^ O _A \ : O -G o "Sj •' • DO o Is s OS "5 a; o a; cS ■ ■ >j O 3 U) J=' OJ &- .fi c« bp-c m : . OD "^-c J; _G , ! 1 ^1 E S : : 1 ls-3 , r r r = r = : = O o 4-3 2 c o S ^ Q •8j:;i^ .lad "oSj^ 2 •SF^aM ►J < •si^uidg J00.1 J a : : : : ■ : : : : ls : .'S'o :§ : :§ 5^ * * U~t '.Js ' %* o ■ ■ ^ oo OS CO t^t^O © lOO © a IM 4) Jiq pqooiY d iH tH b.^ b ©bbi^ 1-1 bb b ? © T-H IMM ""rfi"" O -Xi l^ 00 ^ OrH T*n ic iO CO CO toco to ?o to •9tdm'Bg JO -0^ fe O o o o o o o & ©© t- 1^ t^ © © © © © (N IM (M Kl (M CO(M(MIN (M CQIM IM (M IM IMIM O i-H IM CO ■«J< lO cc t~ao CI C tH in CO t^ 00 05 •a^uogn J9'~\ -r ^ •rf Tt< -* -^ Tf Tt< Tt< -*i m in CiO> Oi o; o; '-i t>. t~ t^t^ t^ t^t^t^ t^ t- t~ t~ ■rt" -f ■* ->ti •*< 's c^sXjBuy JO -o]^ l-H ^ rH i-l 1-1 Tf Tj. Tf Tf< l-H iH l-H rH •TI rH •^ •fi i-H rH IM IM IM rH rH rH Q cq -^ - :. o j^l =2 o CO . u o .5^ G «-=! da c T3 a J. Pa Mart . Matt a . <^' p4o^ ^ a, aJ So c ;So a - - - o >> g m" a b e4h bi-^'H H <1 (N 05 iO 01 T-H 05 cq O CCiH O CO So ^ :3 h:^ o = g o - o s O = CO O ( 2 OlMOC-fOO ;?; ^^ H^ •CO o CD IM OXM • ■ S ■ XOO C-l 1^ t^ t^ t^ l^ t^ i^ r^ t^ t^ ©oooo (M cq (M C<1(M H!^ OO 050--lC-1CO'*iO CDt^ l^ t^ 00 00 OC' GO CC' GO GO 00 CO CO CO CO CO cc CO OS coco o = O -O !>■ GO 05 O CD 'to CD CO C'l cq cq cq O) l^ t- 1^ l^ t^ cq CO •*! lO CD O O OO o o o o o o yj CD CD coco lO CD t^ Xi (35 O --I cq CO »*< Tt< Tji Tj( Tt< ■* lo lo lo ic in cq cq CO CO CO CO CO CO coco o iH cq CO -* lO O O >0 lO a H ■jS O ^ CD b- t~- t^ 00 CO o 14—2 ^^ 33 ^ lJI o a a a a J 3 01 3 0) 3 Tr*iO*OiOCDCDCD CDt^ ■-« M > H CO 05 Ci 05 GO 00 Xi cq N c^5 cq cq cq cq 18 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 APPENDIX D.— INSPECTION OF POTTED o 1900. Sept 28 Oct. 3 Description of Sample, together with Name and Address of Manufacturer when known. Official Analyst, M. Bowman, Halifax, N.S. Potted Cream Cheese, McLaren, Toronto O Potted Cream Cheese, Royal Cream Brand, Regal Cream Cheese Co., Charlottetown, P.E.I. 3 Potted Cream Cheese, Rosemary Cream Brand, L. S. Rosemary Co., Hamilton, Ont. Sept. Oct. Sept. Dec. Jan. Potted Cream Cheese, Royal Oxford, Oxford Cheese Co., Woodstock, Ont. Potted Cream Cheese, Imperial, A. F. Mac- Laren, Toronto. Potted Cream Cheese, Roquefort Extra Fine, Cole Butter and Cheese Co., Ottawa. Potted Cream Cheese, Bayley's Devilled, Bay- ley, St. Louis, Mo., U.S'.A. Potted Cream Cheese, Imperial, A. F. Mac- Laren. Potted Cream Cheese, Ingersol Packing Co., Ont. Potted Cream Cheese, Star Cream, F. H. Fearman, Hamilton. Official Analyst, Dr. W. H. Ellis, Toronto. Potted Cream Cheese, Cream Cheese, Regal Cream Cheese Co., Charlottetown, P.E,I. Potted Cream Cheese, Cream Cheese, A. F. MacLaren, Toronto. Potted Cream Cheese, Roquefort Cheese, A. F. MacLaren, Toronto. Potted Cream Cheese, Trappist Fathers, Oka, Que. Potted Cream Cheese, not known Potted Cream Cheese, Oxford Cheese Co., Woodstock, Ont. Potted Cream Cheese, Potted Cheese, Ingersol Packing Co. Potted Cream Cheese, the L. S. Rosemary Co., Hamilton. Potted Cream Cheese, A. F. MacLaren Result of Official Analyst, Pr. C. J. Fagan, Victoria, B.C. Cream Cheese, A. F. McLaren, Toronto. ,1, Millar Co., Ingersol, Ont ,< Eby Blain, Toronto I, Martin Fensier & Co., San Francisco. !• Getz Bros., San Francisco 12881 12876 12877 12882 12883 12884 12885 12878 12879 12880 16015 16016 16012 16013 16017 16018 16014 16009 19982 17737 17738 20779 20782 20786 20787 19396 19398 19399 20001 20008 19988 19989 19990 19991 19398 17280 16010: 17281 16011 16951 16950 16949 16948 16947 17282 .21521 21522 21523 21543 21544 p. c, 29-87 32-84 p. c. 35-52 30-36 27-52 3904 23 33 p. c. 3-99 416 . 4-76 ADULTERATION OF FOOD SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 CREAM CHEESE— Tabulated Statement. 19 Analysis. S .^.^ 5! 3 be to Oi s c3 O 1 D 3 o H 6 1900. O^cM Analyst, Prof. E. B. Kenrick, Winnipeg. — Con. p. C. P, c. p. c. p. c. p. c. p. c. Oct. 10 Jam, Raspberry, Toronto Biscuit Co 11458 17276 66-45 60-43 None. .1 10 Jam, Strawberry, Thos. Upton, Hamilton. 11459 17277 69 13 63-97 " • o o 1-1 1-1 Jam, Strawberry, The Dyson Gibson Co., Winnijieg. Jam, Plum, vendors Official Analyst, Dr. C. J. Fagan, Victoria, B.C. 11460 11461 17278 17279 70 19 75-23 65-52 65 04 M . July 18 Jam, Raspberry, Simcoe Canning Co 15093 21508 28-5 39 7 2-5 „ 19 „ 20 Jam, Black Cunant, Toronto Packing Co. Jam, Plum( Dyson Gibson Co., Winnipeg 15095 15010 21509 21510 276 26 3 ; 38-4 40-00 31 5 1 ., 20 Jam, Raspbeiry, T. A. Lytle, Toronto. . . 15094 21511 2700 40-00 1200 M 31 Jam, Peach, M. Lefebvre, Montreal 15098 21512 27-8 320 190 .. 31 ,. 31 Jam, Strawberry, O'Kell & Monis, Vic- toria. Jam, Raspberry, Climax Preserving and Packing Co., Vancouver. 15097 21513 21514 2400 24-7 43-1 320 15-6 35-5 ADULTERATION OF FOOD SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 J AM — Tabu'ated Statement — Continued. 25 OF Analysis. Remarks by Analyst. O O c be . J +3 a- < < 6.§ 3% Name and Address of Vendor of Sample. Doubtful... . None found . Yes. . . Unab say. Yes . . Yes .. Apparently genuine Sold as strawberry jelly. The colouring matter ap- pears to be identical with that of the two samples of raspberry jam Nos. 17276 and 20002. Doubtful Genuine Adulterated with magenta. Genuine R. Fairley, Winni- Probably present. Doubtful... . le to Yes . . peg. P. Minark. J. Coltart. None 2-41 1/4 0-72 3 92 4-21 1-91 2.45 0-46None. 0-59 „ . 0-21 „ . The Blackwood's, Ltd. Wilson Bros., Vic- toria, B.C. Hardress Clarke, Victoria, B.C. Johns Bros., Vic- Magenta . . . None . 0-39 0-41 0 26 11 toria, B.C. G. E. Munroe & Co., Victoria, B.C. H. Hesson, Van- couver. S. Fades k Co., Van- couver. Carmichael & Dickie, Vancouver. INLA XD RE VEX UES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 'o m I g -g a -3 '^ c3 -— ^ bb . 1 > S S w 5 ?: -^ 2. 1!= if ■c « '0 02 ■A 'a )£ a- - .-fe top5 c 2 -i ^11 ® S .r > |r c 1 ^^ '^ 1 - '■' <5^ x" i-^l 1 P5 SiD be i: ci 3 3; 1 3 ?£ 13 .•- M c ^ a2 a ^. O H « S < C a: e o u -tS 50 -U> S J; s " ■5 0 e8 "^""--S . OJ he S ll-l > o ^ ^'3 ■5 E .Ss -S-2 SI i'S- 11 5!^ ; "■S 00 ■o 1 5 §*? J : ^ c s ^ 3 0 ® t3 .S tf _^ x ■- : - - " a) fc* 3> S S 0) o ® w X ^ •sp^apj Hi" O " " 2 S 0 » >> ^ •pioypj8mj\^ 89a^ o : : : < ^ . < r^ CC CJ m >-i (N 8 § g • © © 5 © © o •BniraniY ^. © © © 2 = b © © b g *" H H 1 'J^ « lO CO CO t — 0 1^ in p ,. © © © © © c 5 © © -^ © •ppY' ounqd^ng _. i; © c b © i : © b b © tf ■** 1 •0 -Q GOT Jad X l~ © C5 O O © in © eo i-i CC -^' © © CO to c5 ^ iH 1-1 r-t ii^ Qi ^ cq (j^ w 9^ JO pmbi^ a aqi UT ppv oi^aov *^ © I— © © C ; © 1-i CO -r CC l-^ I- CO oc © © r^ t~ •a^draBg JO •oj;[ © © t^ © © t- l^ ■* © © © © 2; ?1 Tl CI 1-1 r-. rH (M IM rH -H r-^ ^ (X O © © rH (M t~ CO -+ in •3!)'B0 c^ rH rH (M (M (M i-H iH IM (N t^ t— t^ t- t~ l- t^ l^ t~ t~ -■Qi-Vii >Q s^is^jBay JO •QN^ l-( CO CO 1— 1 rH eo CO CO CO 1-1 rH iH r-i CO CO CO 1-1 I-I iH .^ 3 ^' " •* r r tH <-* >> 1 -2 '-: -^ o o 5 "S o o 1 > be ^ "" ^ 5 i ^ 1 3 a 3 1 X s 1 C ^ -•^ - J '^.2- •r"tS o Si ."loj & S 5 ^ P3 :c Q -: § » -• ?' S yr-c 1 4 j^ s ■p- p- £ i£ b - — "ji, P- P, j , •* eo oo 00 t^ r- -?< 0 © © 1 (N « IM ^ •uoijoaijoQ JO a^vQ s ^ -e « i> a t: Q ADULTERATION OF FOOD 27 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 a 12; be w .z< - bc=y a:' H H .2C0 bjo"1 QPP PS 1-5 1^ CD . oj .a iT'^ I-: Ph <1 i-s 1-5 cS"*- est:! 0 0 .s ° bD -S c« 0 5' a 2 .22 TJ lu bD bn a tri T3 0 g. ^ 0 « 03 r ^ da a 2 is 1- s 0 MO-H cj ^5 c» 0 •sai^ijnduij ■uaSojciijvj T-l O •-0 00 CO -H DO CO O CO •aarnsioj\[ CO l~ 00 CO 0 CO 1^ 0 ,_j Tj< 1-1 W CO (M 00 05 C5 •* •Sldtll'Bg JO -o^ 0 0 t~ ^ C5 00 0 CO OS 00 05 00 00 !^!^ (N (N (Nr-I tH I-l tH (M C^CM iO ss t^OO Oi CO -*l t- 9? .H tH (NCO xn b© a - i- & a =«-^ S"? a "° s ^ a B !Li o cs aj -C ^ a CO ^ r- Q 2 § «S a) ^^ bo &5 fe; j^ ri^ -^-i ^ J rt ^ w I" . t a" !*< ^ O d iS § t- (N © CO ■H 0 b- CO(M CJ •*! CO CO -* CO a 0 ■* T-( eOr-( HS-B^OJ CO © CD CD CD _ CO CD coco Tf( ■* ■*! ■^ !z; ■<*< CO lO 1-1 ■^ iH 0 00 CO (M ■* ■* a 0 •O'-BN '-BpOg (M lO © 0 - CO CO ^ Ig I § ^ I .s ^ a) •uoi^oaiioQ JO a-jiJo; 2 a 28 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 ^ •sapundrai •usSoa^i^ •qs'B^oj; •O'^^N ^POS •ajinsxoj^ •9{dra'«?s JO 'ojvj £o a-n 1- ■ '.^ c S+^ rr c3 oV, J3 &&> ^%% so-" aCCO Q a 05 -5- 6 c3 ^ •' c3 K-a "o ^^ O C 3 <1 O 'iO -M " - m O C ■| £i| -s -^-^ u - c-^m-^ >- c cc k5o -" « < g"! 1 ^•"s ^a >• s > CO i ico 3 a; li o ^ :; X 2- ?* ?*•- t« 5s 'K'^ «= O ., , S-^-^ o o a: S OS (T C •- 6 o g « T3 i "-^ g S g £ P UJ So &. C > 2 ® as ^1 ^ ^ o • bcM bb a a "5^ c'gQ.2^ § ^ S Q S3 cS, S tf (M Cfj C -^ lO 1 ^ IM Tj. !£ «= t^ OS i-H =? ?S ^ (M CO •* ■*! in CO t^ .-H i-l rH CD o «o '•-O o © ® 05 05 C5 as t^ tr^ t^ O CD ?o «5 i-H -H i-H 1-H o ?? m a; P pq M -a ^ C -^ o fe 30 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VI I., A. 1902 ■502 ^ v-,^^ ^z 35 ; C bo be -= -= tr H H •= be be o - i2 £25 ''■^.fZ "^'T. o 2 ^ 5 fC; i:"^ rd 5a U iO O" "^ r-" as < Z. > o r^ i> 0 da C Graham F. X. C Ottaw Hand & erset a tf •' t: ■? -iS T3 a rl M >■ ;. »— < »— < t) ;d bo« "I bD'.w .So S to o ■S S c s o o •sai^undui]; •miAV8jaq^ pauiqoiOD 'Bpog •pioyoinoqjBQ ■(O'^-BX s«)^?T •:; t^ t- CO •aidmBg JO 'o^ C»350 to C<] N t-( i-H .5SS: T-HIO i to -niJUJllB I'B^OX ^ i-i I-l rH ^ IM ""* '"' ""^ I-H I-l I-H r-(.-l '"' •noi^iuSi ^q n CO 99 9 S ^ ■M 53 e<5 © I-H r 0 9 -r 0 CO 0 t^OO 05 00 0000 OOOO CO o III a.- £ Q $ i r~ --i ," 5 ^J M It O o ;. O S c ^ C^ Ph Km 2 a W o U o I- — '' ~ ^ W § f4 ^ ^ ■ -f CO (D c«0 fa -1^ i he o ii "S'tlr 3 .."a bus 60 =! 2 o o - ^ Oh "*^ p- g C Cos ■: hJ ■A ^, ^ bci bD z 3 C5» c.S o g^ OIK ^.- be 'o Q p So ^ . 3 d >> 6 . o bo - 3 - P 0 &0 d c=« CJ 0 3 !£ 0 <« ^S gS ^^ ; I y^ >Q «H ^'M ^H t> > ^ (1) Ol •O -Q ■ pq^M- I Q ^ -tf o ^ 3T ^ . 0) ' cS-o" .^'a m o H ^ ^:p — — m t^ h- t- CO » 00 T-H t~ ■* IM t~ io vn w 0 -*l iH . C5 1^ 10 «5 ?o h- ?o 0 t^CC t- 02 to C5 CD CD coco CO CO CO CD rH rH tH l-H 1-1 r^ rH 1-1 T-i T-i CO CO 0000 0 0 N. 1-1 IM (M CO ; 1 a 3J 'a § 0 S : 0 3 2 0 fa -if S k5 be J > >■• -3 1 s .2 2 > "3 £ 0 g d d bo 3 'u a fa m' s -W 0 m fa ^ H 0 fe) &, ^1 II 0) ID HH Winnipeg. Nicholson & Broc Pugsley, Dingm ^ 'I 0 d c 0 d a 2 0 "S 0 c c J) 8 0 0 c 3 < c C 0 0 3 1 3 s .0 3 d SO el: cc.S c -' d Q 3 "o 0 a> "3 3 0 a; § 0 H 1 1 a. 8 d i 0 H p w 3 i u 3 M 3 0 a ■% fa c" a 0 0 sOS ■n <^*^ t3 j3 '. 0 24Palebrown0 I and dry. 0 24 Brown and 0 I dry. I 2^06!Brown.softO j and sticky 2 01 [Brown and dry. p. c. Alkaline, 473 241 977 517 035 0 18 0 20 019 019 05 'Very alka- line. 03 ,1 . . 02 11 . . 20 SI. alka. . . 22 PalebroAvn and dry. „ .7 Brown and dry. Charred 002 0 02 0 05 004 004 Very alka- line. Alkaline. . 81. alka. . . Alkaline. . SI. alka. . . Alkaline p. c. 43 >> ^ < Mere- est trace. Not suffi- cient liquid to de- ter mine. Mere- est trace. 0.044 0 133 Mere trace. None p. c. Trace. Not suffi- entfor test. Trace. 0-39 None. Trace. 1-60 0'67 None 0 80 0 17 010 None. 010 Heavy Metals. p. c. Trace of iron None Traoe of iron None Trace of iron eg a> c^ See ^ 55 a «■ a 3 0) a; Remarks by Analyst. NaTne and Address of Vendor of Sample. More than; 5-5 Took 5 cc . Not done. More than 5 cc. 0 • 0.5 Unadulterated . 01 11 005 0-8 Pickles made with'pure vinegar. Pickles made with vinegar which contains added acetic acid. Unadulterated , Pickles made with vinegar which contains added acetic acid. Unadulterated , Cider vinegar unadulterated . Doubtful Probably made from acetic acid. Doubtful Wm. Morrison, grocer, 192 Queen W., Toronto. Wm. Barber, grocer, 242 Queen W., Toronto. Geo. Carton, Peterboro'. Geo. H. Coojier, grocer, 250 Queen W., Toronto. Jas. Sutherland, Peterboro'. C. Mcllhaizey, grocer, Strat- ford. Barrisdale Trading Co., grocer, Stratford. Dodge Bros., grocers, Wood- stock, Ont. Ulman & Lazamby, grocers, Woodstock, Ont. R. Kenny, Sarnia, Ont. Edward Kelly, grocer, Sarnia, Ont. Brown Bros., grocers, 266 Dun- das St., London, Ont. Geo. H. Davey, grocer, London, Ont. John Lawson, 261 Dundas St., London, Ont. R. J. Gallagher & Co., Winni- peg. F. Rosenblat, Winnipeg. Philip Luhpzier. J. R. Clements. F. Hill. C. Harrington & Co. Matheson Bros. Hardy & Buchanan. U-.3| 36 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 APPENDIX J.— INSPECTION OF o Description of Sample, together with Name and Addrer^j of ^Manufacturer when known. Official Analyst, Dr. Fagan, Victoria, B.C. Feb. 26 Vinegar, John Stephens & Co., Gloucester, Eng. 26 Pickles in vinegar, W. Pater- aon, Son & Co., Brantford 26 Pickles in vinegar. Cote Bros. 1 Vinegar Co., Rochester and ; St. Louis, U.S.A. 26jPicklas in vinegar, T. A. Lytle, Toronto, O 16972 16973 16974 16975 CO 21560 215bi p. c. 1007 1018 Character of Solids. Reaction of Ash. p. c. p. c. 21562 1011 26 Pickles in vinegar. Cote Bros. \ 16976 Vinegar Co., U.S.A. 21563 21564 0-2 211 0-52 SI. charred Not charred. SI. charred 1029 6- Pickles in vinegar, Rowat & 16977 j 21.565 Co., London, Eng. j Pickles in vinegar, not known. 16978 21566 Pickles in vinegar, B. C. Fruit 16980 21567 Canning Co., Vancouver. j 1017 1022 101 1018 1-.54 3-9 0-87 2-26 jp. c. 0 04 1-8 008 1-42 01 0-66 0 01) 0-8 p. c. Neutral Si. acid.. Neutral . Alkaline. Result of Total free Acidity in 100 CC. CD 14007 20S54 0-9327 175.5 135 - c 5 5 14908 14909 20855 20856 0-9333 0-9338 173 0 172-0 130°- c 130- c Official Analyst, Dr. W. H. Ellis, Toronto. May 6 Raw Linseed Oil, Livingston, Baden, Ont. 16101 20857 0-9335 174-7 106'- c „ 6 16102 20858 0-9329 171-2 iir- c .. 6 Livingston, Baden, Ont.. 16103 20859 0 9311 174-3 109 - c 5 1 ,, 16104 20861 0-9332 174 1 112'- c Official Analyst, F. T. Harrison, London, Ont. 3 14345 19493 0 933 159 -2 i 4i II Jas. Robertfeon, Paint and Oil Merchant. 1 1 143^6 19494 0-934 158-7 .. 5 II Robert Lewes 14349 19496 0-9335 157-6 „ £ i 11 14350 19498 0-933 158 -0 Official Analyst, Prof. E. B. Kcnrick, 1 Winnifeg. 4,Raw Linseed OU, G. T. Stephens & Co., 1 Winnipeg. 4! .. 1, M .. 17050 17051 17334 ! 17335 0-9340 0-9320 172-2 170 5 ADULTERATION OF FOOD SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 LINSEED OIL— Tabulated Statement. 39 ov Analysis. -3h ■S> Small pro- portions. Complete. 5 days . 44 M . 5 M . 5 M . O ft 20" -50 20"- c 22°- c 20°- c 20°- c 15°- c 20°- 0 20°- c I n c o m plete. Dark yel- low. Yellow . Brown . . Dark yel- low. Remarks by Analyst. Name and Address of Vendor of SatTiple. Genuine Genuine . J. Denis, 236 St. Lawrence, Montreal. (Hardware and Paint Merchant. ) •T. H. Wilson, 1S74 Notre Dame, Mont'l. (Hardware.) Lajeunesse & Frere, 773 Valier St., (Quebec. (Hardware and Paint Merchant. ) C. A. Parent, St. Joseph St., Quebec. (Hardware.) J. Sullivan, Main St. (Painter) Richmond. J. Skinner «& Co., Ottawa. Genuine Joseph Archambault, (Oil and Colour Merchant), Ottawa. W.Madill, Druggist, Peterboro. Peterboro Hardware Co. Elliott & Co,, Wholesale Drug- gists, Fiont St., Toronto. Russell & Co., Hardware, King St., Toronto. The Harris Co., Ltd., King St., Toronto. Kingan Hardware Co., Peter- boro. It fairly corresponds to McCurday Bros., Hardware, the tests and charac- Stratford, ters outlined in the B.P. It has considerable sedi- ment, possibly drawn off from last of bar- rel, otherwise it fair- ly corresponds to the tests of B.P. Un- adulterated. It fairly corresponds to Wm. Scarrow, Paint and Oil the tests of B.P. Un- '' ' " adulterated. Nevent, Clinton & Baxter, Hardware, Windsor, Ont. Merchant, London, Ont. •las. Cowan & Co., Hardware, London, Ont. Genuine. Graham & Rolston, Hardware, I Winnipeg. iR. Wyatt, Hardware, Winni- I peg. 40 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 APPENDIX K— INSPECTION OF 1901. Description of Satcple, together with Name and Address of Manufacturer when known. O No. of Sample . Official Analijst, Prof. E. B. Kcnrick, Winnipeg. — Con. May 4 Raw Linseed Oil, Body & Xoakes, Linseed Winnipeg. Oil Mills. „ 4 M L^nion Oil and Cake Mills, Rotherhithe, Eng. I Official Arudvsf, Dr. C. J. Fagan, I Victoria, B C. Jun 4 Raw Linseed Oil. 17052 17053 16985 P. D. Dodds, Montreal... 1G987 16988 17336 17337 21.580 0-932 Pilcher Co., London, Eng. 1 16986 21581 Result 'is 0 9346 0 9341 0-925 p. c. 179-6 173 0 142-8 142 1 ^ c X .11 H g?^ i .=5S a s ^ 3 Ul S 21583, 0-934 } 142 21584 0-935 1 143 ADULTERATION OF FOOD SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 LINSEED OIL— Tabulated ^tSiiemenX.— Concluded. 41 OF Analysis. Remarks by Analyst. «4-l o o g Dries to Hard Varnish. Congeals at. Soluble in 90 per cent Alcohol. s a < Name and Address of Vendor of Sample. Genuine Winnipeg. Soluble h cc. in 10 cc. 1 cc. in 10 cc. i cc. in 10 cc. 0-2 cc. in 10 cc. SI. turbid & yellow. Yellow & clear. Dk. yellow & clear. Spread on glass diu not dry in 7 days. Dried m 12 hours at 100 c. Genuine. Spread on glass dried in 7 days. Dried in 12 hours at 100°c. Genuine. Paints, Winnipeg. ver. Vancouver Hardware Co. S. Shore, Victoria. Nicholls & Renouf, Victoria. 42 INLAKD BEVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 APPENDIX L. BULLETIN No. 74.— MILK, 1900. Ottawa, February 8, 1901. E. MiALL, Esq., Commissioner of Inland Revenue. Sir, — Appended to the present report will be found a tabulated statement, giving the results of examining 131 samples of milk which, in accordance with your instruc- tions, were collected in various towns of the Dominion where, so far as could be ascertained by the food inspectors, no regular system of milk inspection had been instituted by the municipal authorities. The samples were obtained during November and December, last year, and the number collected in each town was as follows : — Nova Scotia — Sydney, C.B 3 Antigonish 3 New Glasgow 3 Windsor 3 New Brunswick — Sussex . ... 3 Newcastle 3 Bathurst 3 Campbellton 3 Quebec — Three Rivers 5 Sherbrooke 6 Magog ....... 2 oo . -J Levis 4 St. Hyacinthe 7 Ontario — Ottawa 12 Brockville 8 Cobourg 6 Orillia 8 Kingston - .... 6 CornwaU 4 Exeter 3 Clinton 3 Waterloo 3 St. Marys 3 Glencoe 1 Aylmer 2 Simcoe 4 Seaforth 2 Manitoba — Portage la Prairie 3 Carberry 3 Regina . . 3 Indian Head 3 Brandon 3 Deloraine 3 Total 131 ADULTERATION OF FQOD 43 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 It will be observed from the table that in these analyses the percentage of ash has been determined, and that a new column has been added under ' analysis,' headed ' other solids.' This simply gives the non-fatty solids, less the ash. In view of their importance in forming an opinion regarding a sample, two special columns are added giving the percentage of ' total solids ' and ' non-fatty solids.' The opinions expressed by the district analysts regarding the milks will be found in the table. Of 131 samples, 104 or 79-4 percent have been pronounced 'genuine' or ' unadulterated,' but some of these are abnormally rich in cream. When the amount of butter fat is almost as high as the ' non-fatty ' solids, it is scarcely possible to regard the sample as genuine. Whether such richness is owing to carelessness in taking the sample or design on the part of the vendor must remain undecided. It is to be re- gretted that some of the analysts have not been sufficiently systematic in using the right expressions for their judgments, because this makes a comparison with former reports impossible. At p. 2 of Bulletin No. 43, an attempt was made to give a certain degree of definiteness to the expressions used by the analysts, and it would be well if this matter were to receive better consideration at their hands. No addition of potassium-bichromate was made to any of the samples at the time of collection, and in consequence many of them were received in a state unfit for analysis. The addition was avoided in order to give the analysts an opportunity of searching for preservatives. It will be observed that no evidence was obtained of the use of anything of the sort. In this laboratory special care was taken to test for boracic acid, the method employed being essentially that described in Allen's Organic Analysis, Vol. IV., p. 176. Methyl alcohol was, however, substituted for ordinary alcohol, because, with the former, the greenish flame colour is more distinctly observed when boracic acid is present. Twenty to twenty-five grammes of milk weie usually operated on, and in no case did the ash show any indication of the presence of boracic acid. After making the test, 1 cc of a 0-2 per cent solution of anhydrous borax, was frequently introduced into the capsule, when the presence of boracic acid was found to be distinctly recognis- able. Even when this quantity is introduced into twenty grammes milk and evaporated and incinerated with it, the admixture can be detected. One cc of a 0'2 per cent solution of anhydrous borax in 20 grammes milk is equal to 00135 per cent of boracic acid. Since the usual addition for preserving purposes is said to be 35 grains of boracic acid per gallon of milk, or 0-05 per cent on the latter, it is evident that the above mentioned test is quite sufficient for its detection. I beg to recommend the publication of the report, and I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, THOMAS MACFARLANE, Chief Analyst. 44 IXLAXI) REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 J4 B eg c3 1 1 i 1 •-^ X "5 .; s< -f- o-^ < ai - ^ Ji -c-o i S5g a. -3 ;s Oi ai s s ►5 =s w 1^ w i •6 .^ •■u t; -t: ._; ^ T3 .-_; ■•o . o . u o O • O CJ .^ -^ • c - :e . ci ■ ci ci • rf . V . o o .a ■ V . u o . o CJ . o ■ o " i) ■ o ■ o o 1 ■ ^ • cS • CS • :i ci ■ ci ■ o c ■ o • o • o ■ o o • *. ■ O o -C ■-° :-c! :^ • ^ •.X> ^ .X> Ah • o ^ o • c • o . ^ o • O ■ O o ■ o ■■'z "z ^ :z; :;zi :^ •z, 'IZ :^ JS ^ [ CO oc w C-. cc C J^ — X t^ -i< o o -^ o o X o ••t-m m CO t-rH 1 Tf -}< C^ X L~ ~ in -^ LO 1^ I- wl t-o 'spiiog ^:j; BJ-UOX o CO cc '^ * X t^ X X c: =-. CJ c: C-. C-. xxxx X X c; X X X O(MCS(MC0lC r- (N X t^ i^ rH oooco l^ com •^ laiCiT-i t-m (Mooo; c; OiO -J t^ O X XIM »0 t^ t~ X C5 t- osx xxoix o C<1 (M X X 5^^ CI t-l mm iM CO CO CO M CI m^ MN CO CO N CO - t-l ^ ^i-tr-lt-t rH rH o 00 T-l X r^o ^: X 1 ~ CO c<5 c: c- t-t^XX X X X X t^ t~ XI- X XXX X t- 22 aaq^O - ^ t^-t ^r- '.T' ocq •M C^ O O CO -.r X -^ CO l^ X c: ©© © X © ■* ^ ., t^x CTi O IM ^ l-IO t~x •* OCrH CC t~o rH t— eo oo^»o ir: t^x X t^ t-t^ t~t^ t^ t- 1^ t~ t- 1^ •qsv o ^' ~ " *^ " " ^ o - c o oo •=■ c O © » ■ '" ©® «r (M w CO -* m X CO X CO cc CO ■^l.'K 33 01 asi (N 05 •H o o i. ,:; o rH © 7-* o rH rH - S sc £ s 1 !^ c- ^^ 5 c >> 1-^ •ts ^ ^ ft, >- , . X. •-», ^i c r* .^. <^ I f5 a o ci :i o s pa •^ Q 'J2 1^; fe Pm d i-s d ^ ^' r^ ^ 0' W a Q M h>H ffi o ^ ^ 1-5 55 c^ H ^ ^ o o ^.^ C-l CO -^ lO o t— X © © IM •aidoiBg JO -ox o 2 X. c 2 ?=; © © § g ■?) u C] rl N Cn m Tl c^ (M c^ Cl IM CO •UOI^OanOQ p 8^B(X 9 > o TT, ADULTERATION OF FOOD 45 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 3 TJ « O s " ^*^ a 2 a. •"^ o^ jj fl S o cS '1^ 1^ .-H -a T3 O _fl §^ 6 a 1^5 a. 1§ 3 a5 a a, c fl 3 a = : f o a .a a CD 1 a - * 2 •-K 111 01 t; -c t; ^ T? J 73 -T! ■v T) T3 "C >■ .-) >- Ci >; o >•. f) >> o ' ;=-, n i :1 ^ § 'i j: c3 j= rt J3 OS . js ci -d a a c« T1 T- o . o o . o 01 ^ n( r1 rt ■ rt d c8 crt o ■ o o o 2 y ^ u fc. • ci cs 01 eS cS cS r r n o ■ u ^ ^ t4 ^ o ^ O -^ • O ^ o u . O -o :-a .c ^ ^ ;i o O o ■ o n O c ■ o o o o • o '>C ^ ^ ^ '^ S-) ■^. )-. ^ !-i : z U '. Z :Z z •z Z :52; CO 00 Oi -f i> 1-1 t-co «c C5 CO t~ 1-1 OC0 05 05 r- t>- (M in CO CO 1 t~eo CO ■ti ® Tf (N ^ rH ccin © t- 00 00 © lO O © t^© t^© 00O5 00 05 00 oo OO 00 o: ^"^ 00 00 00 CO OiCso: Oi CO © 00 CO t» L^ r-l© CO 'J5 00 Ci 0-. o -t m y^ CO t^lM© t^Tti ^ CO CO CO Tjt CO © 00 (M 05 -tl ©CO c CO ^ in t^eooiH C5 (M!N3 't (M cr on cq o T T) CO© © i^ t^ cq CO t^ 1 l^O t- :0 l~- lO t~i- a © CO t^ t^ © 00 ©OC © 00© t~© t-in ] oo c o c © o © c © © ^ © oo©c o © « ©o©© CO -(- c<- 8D© •fl © 00 © © © © o © C2 IT ■ © ■ © CO c:i»n ^ CO -f © cocoa: t~ Oi CO 1-H *" ^~ 1— 1 T-l ^ iH 1-< iH 1— 1 1— 1 T-l IM T- CO c- rH • rH o Tf «c ^ C^ CO y—i •^ := CO C-5 CO CO © CO c«- rr 1 © CO 1^ c -3< -t< CO CO © CO c- CO CO CO CO CO © c © © © © © © © © ^ — ■- 1—1 ■- "^ '-' r-{ 1- 1-H 1-H rH 1-H «5 "5 «5 >> 0 a c c CO 6 o 1 § CO D . = 1 S 0, e- c4 o s o 1 O 0, 1 David Dohert; Jerome Peters Tf ir cr t^ or 05 © 1-1 o; CO -f in -* Ti ■fl ■* T( ■* in o m ir in in t>. h- r^ t^ t^ t^ h- i^ t~- t^ I- t- .-H 1-1 '— '"' 1-1 1-H rH i-i 1-1 C3 ^^ rr ,_4 1— 1-1 (M oi o\ CC CO CO "- M S- (T- 5^1 5? J l^^ TJO rr > Hi o « T) 0) 0 O c ©1 w 46 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 a CO o ■§ X Cc) •spipg lu^ox •ja?BjV\ •spipg •qsy d -llMeCrHCqc<5COlC)l:^ OOOOO © XXt^XXODt^OCCOX X CI t^ C-. t^ CO c; c ■M 1^ o X Oi O ~ t-H CI -f r-- i-< t^ O X X !Dt^t>.XXXXXI-^t~t~t^ O N b-ffl X t>. t- t— scc^'j'cO'^'^corc-^co : 003 X o ^ ^^ ^ ^ CO o C<5d"*'C1IM>-lOOOO t^Ot-CDXb-t-Ot-O oooooooooo ©COOCS^Ot^COOOOClcO t~»r;ooeoxt~t~t^t^oi-~t- oooococbocoo 1— OJ -*i t^ X o t^ o b b b b ijpog ^ OQ— Aipioy '0 oSI ^'^ 'Jf ) "dS icoci'— IX — — o-t>: CI f i^ t~ I- lo ift o -^ in •* ci ci -r CC' ~. -p -t< t^ X o CO o 03 l- Cl ^ CI CO CI CI 1 '^ 71 P5 02 ■-S .5 5: £" o> ;^ fc -?, » I E>1 5 ■5 .q -2 o , • 5 •$■ :i: < < 1) 5* 'k^ •c» ^ i n < &s H a "^ ij Q "^ .^«P^' -■ a. a O •a|dui'Bf; JO o^ 1^ ^i ^ d •aoi^oaxpo jo a^isQ ADULTERATION OF FOOD 47 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 ^ ''^ ■C.S2 is 0) p oj tioii -ai i-q W OJOiC0O5aiC»0D00^~00COC0O500 ■5tio5ioc;T-icv©c-Hco -t.0000 <0-*-tiC0O"*i>0O-^'*i-^-*-1<-* ©©©©©©©©©©©© ©® t~ •' t^ • 00 1-^ ^ ■ 1— 1 I-l CO' -co • © rH ^ • I-H ■ lO IC © CO C5 I- 11^ t-H t^ (M t^ CO CO CO CO CI (M CO IM 'I' CO (M lO ■ rfi ? O « -g * "1 ^ _^ o -wo col m"o 0) 01 =« -cjs g C3 t; c^ I © (M CO .-I 1 ' (MOO t^iH ■ COOlt^OOOOOOOOOOQOOiOOOSODOOQOClOOOO Q0CO-^-*©C0C0©i— icOlO00©iM©©W00 lO©THC0CO©Ci©lOCO©(M©©CCt^t~00 CO'^COCOfMNi— iiMCOCO'COCOCOCOCTiMC'^iM '*'t-cD-*©oooot^eooi^-t^T)H©oocoooi-( ©t^iHC0Oi-(l0b-©Tfl0iC010IMO'*'C0(M t-cot^t^t^oot^t^oooot^oot^oooooot^oo in'^»oiococococo'*Ttcoco-t<-ti Tt^COCOlOCQClOI^T— ilCL^rJ^coOQCOtCCOrH t^T)<©lOl^»CCOOt-©COwO©CO©t^© ®©ooo©©©© © © ©©©©©©© lO in CO io^- ^ m pt. « -: w •atdm'Eg JO -o^ --0 --r -^ :c o --r •uoipanoo JO a^BQ; | o >• , o te 5 o 5E - . Of 5 0) =3 X > >;'c -° s s 2 ® t- H rti C !-. 1> fe eS ^ o ~ fl Oi [C ^ go S eO a) (U cj ADULTERATION OF FOOD 49 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 IB aa (M o eS-S ^ a ^ ■■'^ :^ -^ ;z ■:?; ^ tnTJ O CJ3 !2i •'o o .'^ O >j • o C-=3 2 t-'a O B-C • c S-^ :;2; ::2; 00 01O'ffl«0Q0(r)C0!r>-H(MC0 ODO00OOO>X)OOCOOOOOOOOOOO CO l-H i-IO^C.wOC;o (M O "M (M I<1 -T v; iro C<5 C<1 CC IM X l^ t- t^ O © O N C<5 -^ cc r- <3 ^ _ ^ 1^ t- X t^ t~ 5i t^ iT X t^ X t^ cooooccoooob ©ooooooo « I 111 •a[duiBg JO •o>j •aotpan°0 }° ^'^Q O Ph ft* O *= rv* *— ' -^ g J >-:■ B H 6 « d K Q 5h " 03 r" pii ^ *3 '^ o j: (/J ^ 5H St) >■- J o CT3 Z .c P c:5 Cl W •-< 5-1 -r ^ eo o 'J" ^IM •* t~(Mxeo occeo ■<}< O ©lO t^ ©©o© o © «5 X © C^ C^ Cl.-^ C.2 tH cc*^ o bo ^ n V C »— hq 1 Q W h^ ^ C ) •* c a < i-H « > ;o < 1-H 5 ^2 ADULTERATION OF FOOD 51 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 -d^ _5> fc-j^ j3 ^.bc 60 ^,t >5 3 ,fi >> >» o es c« rt 2 ^ £ rt 's § g s S S t* s-d TJ a . >. be 2 be >■- cs ^ oj fl cS '-' fe aj o aJ o « '^ >ooo> ^ <0 ^■6 =« 01 l> fl tc T3 'C "TS S'O Hi 01 01 g; 4> S^ gj g;§ ";^ 2 5o 2 be S bij'3 be 00 00 t^ CO 00 CO O •* t^ CO CO •* t^ 00 t^ 05 00 GO l(N iCiCOOO 00 05 b-O as O CO 05 00 !D en (M i N C5 (M (N CO c: 05 CO CO COC• com oi l^ t- CD OO CD CO 00 00 00 00 CO -t< >-( CD ■^ OS 00 t- t-b-b-t-t-t- •* CO -^coco o ■*00.H (M (MOO O CO CO Oi o n •ii< •^ CO CO t~ Tt< CO •* (N ■* 00 -t< in CD CD ■*! lO C-1 CO CO lO CO CO coco in Tf C5 t-iH Oi m CO CD ti Tfl-^COCOCOCOt^lO CO GO ob ©oo o oo © 00 CO >-l ■* CO CO m o CO in CD o © © © © © o©©oo in CO © © in CD CD CD © © © © ©©©©©©©© CO l-H T-H s fe " -2 ^J H W ■^ 0) 03 "" 3 o -3 H td W © rH ,-1 .3 -c 03 p^ w > incoininb^inosb- i-lioi-lcbrHOOiHlb ^ ^ w W M ^ C5 C5 Gi Ci CO CO CO CO (N (M > ID u 0- g 1 C5 1-1 i-~ » •sptpg X^i'Bj-aoj>j " «3 b oo CO GC 3D t^i-l to < IM 'MCO O •spiiog O M « CO y Goiox X ■* X to in f 1-1 X o o ^ ^ 1^ ,;^ •qsy X X xco iO t^ — 1^ " b o b b -^■ea^nau o; pajinbaa •epog ^ OQ— ^ippv t- 1-1 "0 cSI *^ '-If) "tig 10329 10317 1 Scaforth, Ont. a " 'I c •a|dni'Bg JO -o^ 19422 19423 •uo'.^oa] [00 JO a^tjQ ^ 1 g CO g (B u Oj C -, I' 1* 3i U j5 ? -. s o ^ ^ H -tJ >-. o o t-T w C5 CO 1-1 IM a -* n 0 , o .— ^ >. a cS W j= 0) H n H \^ >• 0) 3 X! tH — O 1-] TI 0/ -< C ' ' 'J= o Im ■^ s t: £ >- 3j >»2 1^ ^ "o h! — ^-^ ■^ f- "-I tx ^ 00 hf ■, ; o Cl/ t< rt a ^ 1-1 . 0) as u -^ .'5 c.S . o >■■'" S (A S - S . 03 O 03 .^ . O' o !5'3 3'o "-^'3 • o o :^ (M lO (MX (MX C<5 •* CI '^^ t^X CO 1-1 IM :r CiCO O O c:x X X c: X > X CO CO •* IM O CO IC o o t^ X X o IM xm CO (M Ct IM IM 1-1 O [^ O O O CO IM i-l CS l^ IM TT CO t^ :0 t^ t- X X X X X X X XX l^X lO X X X ^ X IM O X I-- ir; o M t^ IM X X X X t^io t~ X O IM :0 C5 b iOTff 1-1 1^ 1-1 ~ X (^ t^ -^ »n 1-1 C: X t- o Tf Ttl Tf< CO CO CO in CO ic X LO -f l^ O t- --O t^ CO b c: b b b b CO -r X -* o O CO M IM M CO CO 2 ^ o ^ ^ .S o ^ 7^ u > HH 00 ^ w I IMCO IM 1-1 l~CO 10(M coco t~in ^ lO CO t^ X C5 O X X X X IM IM Ol IM IM «>. t^ t^ tr~ l^ t~ 1-1 '^ ADULTERATION OF FOOD 53 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 CQ %4 00 T-l ■* 05 (N I-H O OS 05 C5 C5 00 O COOi Tt< iHCOO i-H tH CO <>.l 0-1 O Cn CO t- 1^ QO 00 CO GO >0 -"l* CO CO 00 00 CO CO C-5 t^lO IC CO »oo ^ TfH -Tf coco t>.-t< CO CO t^ CO I- --o boob ■'d T5 iT3 . o f) . c3 tS . eS ■ O o " -o ■ o o • o • cS c« • (S o ■ o ■Xi ^ •^ ■ o o • 0 ■12; ^ •:5 CO t^ <0 CV' CO Oi t^ t~0 (M coco C-. C5 C5 c:. c: o O CO t-- t^iO OC. »o '^ CO t^O C: CO 00 00 CO 05 00 ■* -* (M (M Tf Tf N (M CO CO coco lO lO t^ l^ O CO 'X CO CO 00 CO oo lO o o t~co o t^OO CO 00 CO lO t^ t^CO CO CO CO 00 00 00 00 CO CO t~ (M £» cr- CO o O; T-H (M CO O (M CO CI CO coo C5 1-- IC Tl< 00 O CO t^ 1^ I-l Ol CO *< (M m cj t- lO CO coco N ■* tH lO O t^ t~ ■* 1* lO OD ■* O (M tP JO CO . t^ t^ b b bbbb 1-1 •Ttl CO -co 1^ 1^ CO 00 1-1 CO 1-1 00 1-1 iH lO -(M • O t^ . CO • t^ iH -1-1 • iH Tf< -co • t^ CD • r-* • i-l ■ 1 0334 10334 10336 1034 oc CO •* 1-1 1-H OS lO ■* CO CO o c tH 1-1 g 1-t 10320 "i'6326 10324 1-1 .Tf 1 ■! ■ o © • -5 < "a^ -5 — >5 gpd -^ J2 1-1 5>q CO ■* lO CD 1^ 00 OS (^ ,_, OS OS OS OS CS OS OS C^J r^ C X cS H\ ■tJ n JJ hfi ?-. 0 n l 1 ■u o ^ fe c8j= OJ M CP 00 54 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 APPENDIX M. BULLETIN No. 75.-FERTILIZERS. Ottawa, May 13, 1901. E. Mi ALL, Esq., Commissioner of Inland Revenue. Sir, — I beg to submit herewith two tabulated statements : No. I., describing the standard samples of the fertilizers which, in accordance with the provisions of the Fer- tilizers Act, have been furnished to the Department by their manufacturers, importers or vendors, and No. II., containing the results of analysing the samples of fertilizers which have been collected as sold in the open market during the present year. The number of samples described in Table I. is slightly below that for 1900, and much less than that of the two previous years. In 1897 there were analysed 107 standard samples. " 1898 " 124 " " 1899 " 154 " 1900 " 107 " 1901 •* 102 The decrease is mainly in the samples sent from the United States, where it is said that measures have been taken to confine their fertilizer trade in Canada to a smaller number of manufacturers. "With reference to the standard samples, as given in Table I., it will be observed that as a rule two lines of figures are given opposite the description of each sample ; the upper line gives the quantities of fertilizing constituents guar- anteed by the manufacturers, and the lower line the results of the analysis in this Branch. The fourth column in the table states the materials from which the different fertilizers were manufactured in all cases where the information has been supplied. The column headed ' Relative value per ton of 2,000 pounds, gives the value of each fertilizer based upon the following prices for the fertilizing constituents : — Cents per pound. Nitrogen in salts of ammonia or nitrates 13 Organic nitrogen in ground bone, fish, blood or tankage 12 Phosphoric acid, soluble in water fi " soluble in 1 p.c. citric acid 5| " insoluble in ground bone or tankage 5 " insoluble in Thomas' phosphate powder 3^ " insoluble in ground rock phosphate or in compound fertilizers 1^ Potash contained in wood ashes 6 " in high grade potash salts 5|- It is to be observed with regard to the " fertilizers as sold " described in Table II., in which the date of the collection and the names of the vendors and manufacturers are given, that, in most cases, there are three lines of figures opposite the description of each sample. The uppermost of these shows the contents guaranteed by the manufac- turer ; the next lower line gives the percentage of fertilizing constituents found in the standard sample submitted to the department and the lowest line gives the same per- centages found in the sample collected. In cases where no samples have been submitt- ed, and nevertheless, in contravention of the Fertilizers Act, the fertilizers have been offered for sale, the two upper lines will of course show no figures. ADUL TERA TION OF FOOD 55 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 According to the opinions expressed by the analysts, out of 65 samples collected none have been found to be adulterated and only 4 defective or not quite up to guaran- tee. Eleven samples were illegally sold, not having been registered No objection has been taken to any of the samples of basic slag or Thomas phos- phate powder, regarding which so much discussion took place last year. It will be observed that none of the samples of it mentioned in Table II. have been characterized as "adulterated under the Act." Since these samples were of the same nature as those of 1900, it will be necessary to explain the cause of this different finding and to relate the history of the question of " available " phosphoric acid from the point up to which it was given in last year's Bulletin (No. 70, p. 7.) By a reference to the latter it will be seen that the Agricultural Committee of the House of Commons adopted the amendment which the minister of Inland Revenue proposed to incorporate in the Bill brought in by Mr. James Domville, M.P., to amend the Fertilizers Act. Nevertheless, on account of the abandonment of Mr. Domville's Bill, no change in the Fertilizers Act was made, and the prospect was opened up of a continuation of the disagreement between the department and manufacturers or importers of basic slag. Under these circumstances I proposed to you that the whole matter should be re- ferred to the council and members of the Society of Public Analysts in London for such action as they might see fit to take, and I was authorized to open a correspondence with the secretaries of said Society with the view of obtaining a distinct expression of opinion regarding the analysis of basic slag and other fertilizers. Having, during the course of my leave of absence last year, had occasion to be in London, England, I took the opportunity of entering into communication, verbally and otherwise, with several mem- bers of the council of the Society of Public Analysts and with the secretaries. To the latter I addressed a letter dated 25th June, 1900, which was considered at a meeting of the council and a sub-committee was appointed to consider its subject. Dr. Dyer, however, wrote me that it was impossible to arrange for a meeting of this committee in July, and the matter had, therefoi-e, to stand over until after the recess. It was not until the 16th of October that the sub-committee held a meeting, at which the proceed- ings, as communicated by the secretaries, were as follows : — " Extract of Minutes; Sub-Committkb Meeting. 'Tuesday, Oct. 16, 1900. ' The President in the chair. ' Present : Dr. Dyer, Dr. Voelcker, Mr. Voelcker and Mr. Chapman. ' A letter was read from Mr. Smetham to Dr. Dyer in which he detailed his views on the subject of Mr. Macfarlane's proposal. After some discussion it was resolved that : — The committee, having very carefully considered the proposal of Mr. Macfarlane, as stated in his letter of June 25, and the documents referring to it, do not see their way to recommend the council to take steps in the direction either of laying down stan- dards or of prescribing arbitrary methods for the analysis of fertilizers. ' With regard to the subject more especially dealt with in Mr. Macfarlane's report, (Bulletin No. 70) the Committee do not make any recommendation in reference to the formulation of an official process for the estimation of " available " phosphoric acid in basic slag or other fertilizers. The Committee are however unanimously of opinion that the ammonium citrate process, which is at present officially used in the United States of America, while affording a useful means for the approximative determination of "reverted " phosphates in superphosphates, dissolved bones and similar acid manures, is nevertheless in no sense an adequate means of measuring the amount of available phos- phate that does not happen to have gone through the processes of solution and reversion. ' The Committee are further of opinion that the citrate of ammonium process is wholly inapplicable to the analysis of basic slag, and that if any process of analysis is to be used for distinguishing between total and available phosphate in that manure, it must be an acid process, and one proceeding on some such lines as the present process of Professor Wagner." 56 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 While in London I also took the opportunity of calling on the firm named H. & E. Alberts Chemical Works, from whom the supply of Thomas Phosphate Powder, which was imported into Canada had been obtained. I did this for the purpose of discussing fully with the manager of the firm the position of the question as set forth in Bulletin No. 70 pp. 5, 6 and 7, and in order to explain to them the reasons why their wish could not be complied with, that the Wagner method of determining the available phosphoric acid in basic slag should be adopted in this laboratory. In these discussions my argu- ments were mainly founded on the position taken under paragraph 5 on page 6 of Bulle- tin No. 70 which reads as follows : — 'To apply a two per cent citric acid solution for determining'the available phosphoric acid in Thomas Phosphate Powder, and not to the water-insoluble part of other fertilizers, would be a course calculated to occasion strong objections on the r-art of the fertilizermanufacturers of this country and of the UnitCv- States.' Besides defending the position taken by this Branch, and also by the Agricul- tural Committee of the House of Commons, I also suggested a plan by which all fertili- zers could be tested by exactly the same method without doing any injustice to the Thomas Phosphate Powder or basic slag. This consisted (after the removal of the solu- ble phosphoric acid, when present, by water) in boiling the water-insoluble residue, or, in the case of basic slag, the powdered sample direct with a strong solution of ammo- nium chloride, so as to remove any free lime which the sample might contain, and after this to determine the available phosphoric acid by a one per cent solution of citric acid as recommended by Dr. Bernard Dyer. The latter part of the plan is justified in an elaborate paper by that gentleman entitled ' On the analytical determination of probably available mineral plant food in soils,' and published in the Journal of the Chemical Socisty Vol. LXV., from which the following important conclusion may be quoted : — 'A one per cent citric acid solution appears, then, to give indications fairly bearing out the manurial properties of phosphatic materials as recogaizedby experience in the field ; it approximates fairly well to the average strength of the natural solvent (root-sap) used by the plant itself ; and tested by the result it gives on soils of known history and condition, it appears likely to afford a not unreliable means of gauging, as regards the available mineral constituents the probable fertility of the soil itself.' I endeavoured to explain the advantages of the method here indicated to the representatives of the Albert firm in London, but they suggested that I should visit their works at Biebrich on the Rhine and explain it to Mr. Heinrich Albert and also to Professor Dr. Wagner at Darmstadt. This 1 accordingly did, with the result that both gentlemen received me with much courtesy, exhibited much interest in my suggestions, and engaged to investi- gate their value. In October, 1900, after my return to Canada, I caused some trials to be made in this laboratory by Mr. A. L. Tourchot on basic slag, using the processes above describ- ed. These experiments proved that about 8 per cent of lime were removed by the ammonium chloride solution and that this occasioned an increase of nearly 4 per cent in the citrate .soluble or available phosphoric acid as determined by the ordinary official citrate of ammonia method. When, in treating the residue from 2 grammes of the sample, 200 c.c. of a 1 per cent citric acid solution is substituted, for the 100 c.c. of a 20 per cent solution of citrate of ammonia, and allowed to act in the cold for half an hour with moderate agitation, the increase in the available phosphoric acid is about the same. These experiments were described in detail in a memorandum which I prepared for the meeting of the Association of official agricultural chemists which was held at Wash- ington, on November 16, 1900. I attended this meeting, pressed the subject of my memorandum on the consideration of those present, and endeavoured to represent that it deserved investigation at the hands of the Association. I also submitted a draft of the changes I proposed, of which the following is a copy : — Memorandum of proposed alterations in the analysis of fertilizers to be made in the 7fficial method under (3) ' Determination of Phosphoric Acid,' (4) aid (5) on p. 13 of ' Methods of Analysis as adopted by the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists being Bulletin 46 U.S. Department of Agriculture.' (4) Citric insoluble phosphoric acid. ADUL TERA TION OF FOOD 57 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 (a) In acidulated samples — Introduce the filter containing the washed residue, de- prived of watei'-soluble phosphoric acid, from two grammes of the original sample into a flask with 100 cc of 1 per cent citric acid solution, stopper tightly and shake violently until the filter paper is reduced to a pulp. Add 100 cc additional of the 1 per cent citric acid solution and digest at room temperature for half an hour, shaking the flasks thoroughly every five minutes. With four analyses in hand this means an agitation of one minute duration repeated six times. Filter and wash thoroughly. Dry and trans- fer the filter and its contents to a crucible, ignite until all organic matter is destroyed, add from 10 to 15 cc of strong nitric or hydrochloric acid and digest until all phosphate is dissolved. Dilute the solution to 200 cc, mix well, filter through a dry filter and pro- ceed as under total phosphoric acid. (b) In non-acidulated samples — In case a determination of citric insoluble phos- phoric acid is required in non-acidulated samples, such as basic slag, Thomas phosphate powder, ground bone, bone char, bone ash, it is to be made by taking two grammes of the phosphatic material (without previous washing with water) and introducing it into a flask with 100 cc of a 5 per cent solution of ammonium chloride and boiling it for thirty minutes, replacing always the evaporated water, then filtering and washing the residue and treating it, exactly as above described with 1 per cent citric acid solution, determin- ing the phosphoric acid in the residue. (5) Citric Soluble Phosphoric Acid — The sum of the water-soluble and the citric- insoluble phosphoric acid subtracted from the total gives the citric-soluble phosphoric acid. The sum of the latter and the water-soluble phosphoric acid is to be regarded as * available phosphoric acid.' After discussing my proposals, the Association voted that they should be sub- mitted to the committee on recommendations for consideration and report. A similar decision was arrived at concerning a motion to permit Wagner's 2 per cent citric acid method to be used provisionally on basic slag until such time as the Association could arrive at a final conclusion. Subsequently, the committee reported in favour of submit- ting my proposals to the referee on fertilizers for further investigation, but declining to recommend the use of Wagner's process even temporarily. It will thus be seen that no decided action is to be expected on this subject by the Association until next Novem- ber. After my return from Washington, I requested Mr. McGill to undertake an inves- tigation of the matter, which he did very thoroughly. His report is quite voluminous and is appended to this communication. On the whole it confirms the advisability of adopting the changes above referred to. The following extracts have special reference to these changes : — ' III. In basic slags a 5 per cent solution of ammonium chloride forms an effective solvent for the free lime, and does not dissolve phosphoric acid.' ' IV. Citric acid of 1 per cent strength is practically as efiicient a solvent of phos- phoric acid as a 2 per cent solution for lime-free slags.' On January 4 last, I submitted to you a report regai'ding the condition of this question at that date. The Association of Ofiicial Agricultural Chemists had not had time to investigate the proposed changes, and the Society of Public Analysts in England had declined to make any positive recommendation. The English committee condemned the United States official method for determining ' available ' phosphoric acid other than ' reverted,' and favoured one resembling Wagner's, while the United States As- sociation declined to sanction the use of the latter, even temporarily. At the same time the necessity existed for coming to a conclusion regarding the methods to be used during the present year. I therefore applied to you to sanction the adoption in this laboratory of the methods proposed by me at once, and also for permission to request the district analysts to modify their treatment of fertilizer samples accordingly, beginning on February 1. This action received your approval, and has been in operation since the date mentioned. It will be observed that, in both the tables of results of analysis now submitted, the old column heading under ' phosphoric acid ' which used to read ' Reverted or citrate 58 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VI L, A. 1902 soluble' has been changed to 'citric soluble,' which indicates the percentage of phos- phoric acid soluble in a 1 per cent solution of citric acid. This percentage added to that of the water-soluble phosphoric acid is stated in another column as that of ' avail- able' phosphoric acid. The general result of the alteration made in the analytical methods is slightly to increase the quantity of available phosphoric acid, not only in basic slag, but also in other fertilizers, and especially in those made from bone, and it would appear that in this way their practical agricultural effect is more closely indicated. In conclusion I have to recommend the publication of this report with accompany- ing tables, as well as Mr. McGill's report, and also the memoranda on manures, which it has been customary to append to the fertilizer bulletins for some years past. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, THOxMAS MACFARLANE, Chief Analyst. 1-2 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 A. 1902 TA.BLE I. 59 60 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWArtD VII., A. 1902 Table I. — Statement of the Results of Examining 102 Standard Name of ^Manufacturer. Bj' whom sent. 1148 Russia Cement Co., !S. C. Shaffner, Clem- Gloucester, Mass. I entsport, N.S. Imported . Fraser River Oil & Guano Syndicate. Palmerston Pork Pkg. Co., Ltd. The Standard Ferti- lizer and Chemical Co., Ltd., Smith's Falls Ont. 1149 1150 1151 1152 1153 1154 1155 1156 1157 1158 1159 1160 B o w k e r Fertilizer Co., 43 Chatham St., Boston Mass. 1161 1162 1163 1164 M. J. Henry, Van- couver, B.C. T. Watts, Manager Vancouver. Manufacturers . . . From what Materials Produced. Name or Brand of Fertilizer. Blood, bones and gen- eral packing house refuse. From mineral phos- phate of lime. Made from ni- trate of soda, sulphate of am- monia, potash and magnesia , salts, mineral ' superphos- phate, bone char and fine bone meal. Made from bone. bone black, phosphatic guano, bone p h o s p h a tes, dried blood, meat or fish, sulphate of am--! monia or ni- trate of soda, sulphate o f potash or muri- ate of potash and sulphuric acid. { Essex Complete Manure for Pota- toes, Roots and Vegetables ' — Guaranteed Found Muriate of Potash ' — Guaranteed Found Fish Guano ' — Guaranteed Found Tankage ' — Guaranteed Found Su]>erphosphate of Lime ' — Guaranteed Foimd Special Fertilizer ' — Guaranteed Found No. 1 Fertilizer ' — Guarauteed Found Standard Fertilizer ' — Guai-anteed Found Corn and Grass Fertilizer '^ Guaranteed ... Found Royal Fertilizer ' — Guaranteed Found Bone ileal '^ Guaranteed Found Nitrate of Soda ' — Guaranteed Found Bowkers' Potato and Vegetable Fertilizer ' — Guaranteed Found Bowkers' Square Brand Bone and Potash Fertilizer ' — Guaranteed Found ' Bowkers' Farm and Garden Ferti- lizer ' — Guaranteed Found ' Bowkers' Vermont Fertilizer ' — Guaranteed Found ' Bowkers' Ground Bone ' — Guaranteed Found ADULTERATION OF FOOD 61 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 Samples of Commercial Fertilizers, registered for 1901. RtiSULTS OF Analysts. Relative Value per Ton of 2,000 lbs. Nitrogen. Phosphoric Acid. Potash. Moist- ure. _ Total, including that of Nitric Acid or Ammonia, if present. Total calculated as Ammonia. Soluble in Water. Citric Soluble. In- soluble. Total. Total Avail- able. GO u p. c. 3-70 3-98 p. c. 4-50 4-83 p. c. 300 5-57 p. c. 400 403 p. c. 200 ?-37 p. c. 9-00 11-97 p. c. 7-00 960 p. c. 8 -.50 9-46 p. c. "".5-56' $ cts. 26 40 31 30 1148 1149 50-40 5-58 22-57 20-30 "'5-68' 52 92 5-95 7-22 6-99 7-82 719 9-08 909 11-70 12-48 16 00 16-95 10 00 1150 5-76 6-45 5-92 0-64 Trace. 077 4-93 3-83 614 3-52 7-87 5-57 5-57 3-83 6-91 14-00 14-40 8-00 9-28 9.00 9-78 9-00 9-55 7 00 9 73 800 10 36 23-00 15-35 0 43 017 0-20 23 98 27 74 27 67 1151 1152 12-66 1-74 2 -.55 6-65 17 87 3 50 600 11.53 315 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 3 5 5 19 19 82 00 92 50 95 00 37 00 43 00 34 00 fi7 6-22 306 1-50 10 11 12 11 12 9 10 9 87 00 10 00 10 00 88 0(1 7 1 1 2 2 4 5 3 48 00 21 00 42 00 74 00 7-20 ""5-76' "7-65' 26 69 ' 1923" '21 '29' 1154 2-41 6-51 3-27 2-30 1155 2-44 6-07 3-48 2-55 1156 2-77 6-85 2-88 1-15 5-02 24 91 1157 2-83 704 3-32 0-64 11 00 3-79 612 23 32 '34'80' 1158 440 15-35 7 -36 22-71 4-42 1159 16-22 0-46 38 92 200 2-43 2-00 2'52 2 00 11 00 11 70 12-00 12-40 10 -00 900 9 40 6-00 9 02 800 912 800 9-53 2-00 2-14 200 2-66 200 2-95 400 4-26 1160 200 4-40 500 2-30 615 19 04 1161 213 205 6-97 3-38 3-45 18 52 1162 2-21 2 3 3 3 2 68 00 21 00 75 4-28 4-84 2-58 11 10 10 24 22 70 00 45 00 70 5-50 "7-66' 19 62 "2273' 1163 264 800 1-53 0-92 1164 2-62 14-70 8-66 14-70 3-85 31 86 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Table I. — Statement of the Results of Examining 102 Standard 1165lThe Laing Packing I and Provision Co., Ltd., Montreal. 1166 Ingersoll Packing I Co., Inger&oU Ont. 1167|The Wm. Davies Co., Ltd., Toronto. 1168 The Nichols Chemical Co. , Ltd. , Capel ton Que. 1169 1170 1171 1172 1173 1174 1175 1176 1177 1178 1179 1180 1181 1182 Provincial Chemical rertilizerCo.,Ltd. St. JohnN.B. Bv whom sent. From what Materials Produced. Manufacturers. The W. A. Freeman Co., Ltd., 57 Fer- gison Ave., South amilton Ont. Name of Brand of Fertilizer. Dried tankage and bones from hogs. Blood, tankage and bone from the hog, Dried blood, bone and meaty matter. Canadian apat- ite, Tennessee apatite, s u 1 - phate of am- mo n i a and muriate of pot- ash. ' Tankage ' — Guaranteed Found ' Ingersoll Fertilizer ' — Guaranteed Found Fertihzer ' Exhibit A '— Guaranteed Found ' Capelton Brand ' — Guaranteed Found ' The Royal Canadian ' — Guaranteed Found ' The Victor ' — Guaranteed Found ... , ' The Reliance ' — Guaranteed Found 'No. 1 Brand '^ Guaranteed Found * Our Crown Brand ' — Guaranteed Found ' Imperial Superphosphate ' — Guaranteed . . . Found ' Potato Phosphate ' — • Guaranteed Found ' Victor Guano ' — Guaranteed Found ' Bone Meal ' — Guaranteed Found ' Freemanj's Pure Bone Meal ' Guaranteed Found.. ' Freeman's Sure Growth Manure ' — Guaranteed Found ' Freeman's Potato Manure ' — Guaranteed . . Found ' Freeman's Bone and Potash ' — Guaranteed Found ' Freeman's Celery and Early Vege- table ' — Guaranteed Found ADULTERATION OF FOOD SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 Samples of Conlmercia] Fertilizers, registered for 1901. 63 Rdsults of Analysis. Relative Value per Ton. of 2,000 lbs. Nitrogen. Phosphoric Acid. Potash. p.c. Moist- ure. _6 "Si Total ; including that of Nitric Acid or Ammonia, if present . Total ; Calculated as Ammonia. Soluble in Water. Citric Soluble. In- soluble. Total. Total Avail- able. m (4-1 -0 s p. c. 412 p.p. 5-00 5-58 900 907 912 9-87 p. c. p.c. p.c. p.c. 14-71 20-60 p.c. p. c. 5-52 6-24 8-00 8-10 7-43 6-30 % cts. 1165 459 15 16 5 -.50 10-40 5-44 6 80 0-80 15-16 0-70 33 87 1166 797 11-20 13-60 12-20 10-40 0 64 32 04 7-50 1167 813 0-50 922 2-48 9 8 9 9 9 7 7 6 7 11 10 11 11 7 10 8 9 7 10 72 00 10 00 92 00 55 00 13 50 48 00 85 99 76 01 54 40 29 32 73 1168 8-20 0 90 510 14-20 9-95 12 36 400 4-94 200 2-87 200 2-85 5 5 3 3 2 00 23 00 92 00 1169 406 9-30 0-62 3-08 13-00 4-90 27 99 1170 2-36 6-30 1-25 4-55 12 10 9-40 20 08 1171 £■35 5-53 '"'io'-is' 1-55 4-82 ""'4-76' 11-95 '15-18 2-72 5-05 18 34 1172 11 -.50 13 99 200 2-67 2-79 306 3 19 401 1-89 2-65 4-35 5-90 3 00 445 3-50 418 300 401 200 2-46 600 7.24 2-50 3-50 2-27 2-35 5-29 6-49 2-24 2-43 1173 219 2-29 2-52 2 63 3-30 1-55 218 3 59 10-85 6-43 750 6-38 6 97 615 7-15 100 1-56 3-26 1-63 2-57 1-25 314 3-50 8-28 6-64 6-64 5-83 6-64 5-36 15-35 16-27 17-40 14 65 15-40 14-04 15-65 24-48 21-62 23-00 22-60 800 9-70 8-00 9-80 900 10-75 9-00 915 6 90 "'9-16' "'8-25' "8-56' 24 10 19 80 23 10 23 30 27 68 16 79 21 42 1174 1175 1176 1177 1178 4-85 15-47 615 15-47 6-05 34 81 3-67 0-23 13-65 8-72 13-88 7-30 32 82 300 1179 1180 3-44 6 08 2-62 100 8-70 5 5 7 6 44 00 40 on 2-49 24 45 3-30 5-95 2-46 1-39 8-41 2-00 26 51 1181 203 5-95 2-48 2-32 8-43 8-47 6-00 6-97 4-17 24 38 1182 5-86 5-48 2-22 i-45 7 70 "i-55 30 83 64 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Table I. — Statement of the Results of Examinina: 102 Standard s s s Name , of Manufacturer. By whom sent. From what Materials Produced. Name or Brand of Fertilizer. ns3 The W. A. Freeman Co., Ltd., 57 Fer- guson Ave., South Hamilton, Ont. Canada Lime and Cement Co., Lake Weedon. Quebec. The American Agri- cultural Chemical Co., Bradley Ferti- lizer Works, Bos- ton, Mass. II II . . Manufactures ' Freeman's Grass and Grain Man- 11S4 ure ' — Guaranteed Found ' Freeman's Tankage Manure ' — Guaranteed Found ' Freeman's Tobacco Manure ' — 118f) 1186 Guaranteed Found 'Freeman's Phosphate Powder' — 1187 Guaranteed Found ' Lake Weedon National Brand Fer- n8H tilizer XX, for Vegetables and Gardens' — Guaranteed Found ' Bradley's XL Superphosphate of Lime ' — Guaranteed Found 1189 ' Bradley's Eclipse Phos[)hate ' — Guaranteed Found . . . . ' Bradley's Potato Fertilizer ' — Guaranteed Found ' Bradley's New Method Fertilizer' — 1190 1191 „ .. 1195? Guaranteed Found ' Bradley's Fine Gmund Bone' — Guaranteed Found Williams & Clark's ' Corn Phos- 1193 phate ' — Guaranteed 1194 Williams & Clark's ' Potato Man- 1195 ure ' — Guaranteed Found Williams & Clark's ' Royal Bone 1196 Phosphate ' — Guaranteed Found ' Soluble Pacific Guano ' — Guaranteed Found . . 1197 ' Pacific Potato Special ' — Guaranteed Found ' Pacific Nobsque Guano ' — 1198 Guaranteed Found ADUL TERA TION OF FOOD 65 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 Samples of Commercial Fertilizers, registered for 1901 — Continued. Results ( 3F Analysis. Relative Value Nitrogen. Phosphoric Acid. Potash. Mois- ture. per Ton of 2,000 lbs. 3. Total, including that of Nitric Acid or Ammonia, Total calculated as Ammonia. Soluble in Water. Citric Soluble. In- soluble. Total. Total Avail- able. S "o u a if present. p.c. '^ p.c. p.c. p.c. p.c. p.c. p.c. p.c. p.c. $ cts. 200 3-62 •55 9' on ""6-83' 100 330 1183 2-98 4 2-28 4-52 11 •35 2-55 19 93 500 8-94 6-00 7-29 12 14 7 8 -00 00 -00 -35 1184 7-36 10-96 3-04 10-96 '7-43' 470 "'2'55' 32 76 "si "92' 7-00 8-09 1185 6-00 5-80 1-63 0-92 15 on 118 0-77 0-94 0 43 1-56 2-50 11-15 1-55 600 18-70 10 11 10-80 10-00 12 70 ""6-40" 8- 00 1-21 3-21 2-80 1-50 400 20 00 1187 1-21 640 3 00 4-40 2-00 0-50 14 20 16 41 2 06 5-00 1188 2-67 3-25 6-40 4 09 1-60 12 09 10-49 3-52 12-08 22 77 1-03 1 25 6-00 200 200 10-00 8-00 200 14 57 1189 1-41 1-72 6-21 3-26 2 05 11 52 9-47 2 47 15 -32 17 62 2-06 2-50 5-00 300 200 10 00 800 3 00 17 99 1190 2-23 2-70 6-72 2-87 205 11 64 9-59 3 96 12 76 20 92 103 1-25 6 00 2-00 2-00 10 00 8-00 2 00 14 57 1191 1 34 1-63 3 00 4-52 2-50 5-89 402 1-73 11 22 24 64 80 31 9-91 303 15 14 18 21 1192 3-72 16-63 300 7-68 2-00 16-63 8-00 570 34 90 16 41 206 500 10 00 150 1193 2-48 301 6-4G 474 1-28 12-48 11-20 2 16 11-70 21 56 2-06 2-50 500 300 2-00 10 00 800 300 17 99 1194 2-24 2-72 6-75 2-66 2-14 11-55 9-41 409 13-40 21 35 103 1-25 6-00 200 200 10 00 800 200 14 57 1195 1 26 1-53 6 50 314 1-66 11 30 964 2 66 15 40 17 57 206 2-50 5 00 3 00 2-00 lo- 00 800 1 50 16 41 1196 2-38 2-89 6 80 319 1-86 ll 85 9-99 2 20 13-55 20 25 206 2-50 5 00 3-00 2-00 10 00 8-00 3 00 17 99 1197 2-17 2-63 6 50 312 1-88 11- 50 9-62 3 46 13 00 20 63 1-03 1-25 6 00 200 200 10 00 800 2 00 14 57 1198 160 1-94 6-05 1 3-63 1-42 1110 1 9 68 2-12 1 14 70 17 73 14 —5 66 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Table I. — Statement of the Results of Examining 102 Standard « ■ft i Si i Name of Manufacturer. By whom sent. From what Materials Produced. Name of Brand of Fertilizer. 1199 The American A^i- cultural Chemical Co., Bradley Ferti- lizer Works, Bos- ton, Mass. Palmerston Pork Pkg. Co., Limited, I'almerston, Ont. The American Agri- cultural Chem'l Co., Rutland, Vermont. The Leeds Phosohate Manufacturers . . . . ' Pacific Fine Ground Bone ' — 1200 Guaranteed Found ' Cleveland Fertilizer for all Crops ' — Guaranteed Found ' Quinnipiac Climax Phosphate '— Guaranteed . , Found , . . . ' Quinnipiac Mohawk Fertilizer ' — 1201 1202 i2as Guaranteed Found ' Quinnipiac Potato Phosphate '— Guaranteed Found . . ' Cumberland Superphosphate '— Guaranteed Found 1204 1205 1206 ' Cumberland Potato Fertilizer ' — Guaranteed Found ' Cumberland Fine Ground Bone ' — 12.17 Guaranteed Found ' Read's Standard ' — 1208 G uaranteed Found . . . ' Read's Leader ' — Guaranteed Found 1209 'Tucker's Imi^erial Ijone superphos- phate ' — Guaranteed Found ' Tankage '— Guaranteed Found . . ' Great Eastern General Fertilizer ' — Guaranteed Found ' Great Eastern Potato manure Fer- 1210 1211 1212 Blood, bone and general packing house refuse. tilizer ' — Guaranteed 1213 Found ' Great Eastern Northern Com Sjje- cial Fertilizer' — Guaranteed Found ' Great Eastern Grass and Oats Fer- tilizer ' — Guaranteed Found ' Basic Slag ' — 1214 1215 1 Work, Hunslet, 1 Leeds, England. Guaranteed Found ADULTERATION OF FOOD SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 Samples of Commercial Fertilizers, registered for 1901. — Continued. 67 Result S OF ANALYSIS. Nitre )gen. Total calculated as Ammonia. Phosphoric Acid. Potash. Mois- ture. Relative Value per Ton of 2,000 lbs. "ft Total including that of Nitric Acid or Ammonia, Soluble in Water. Citric Soluble. In- soluble. Total. Total Avail- able. 2 0 a if present. ^ p.c. p.c. 300 3-51 p.c. p.c. p.c. p.c. 22-80 22-40 p.c. p.c. p.c. $ cts. 1199 2-88 Trace 18-98 3-42 18-98 •50 31 21 103 1-25 600 200 200 10 00 800 200 14 57 1200 1-27 55 5 85 3-67 1 48 11 00 9-52 1 99 15-35 16 84 103 25 6 00 2-00 2 00 1000 8-00 2 00 14 57 1201 1-34 63 5 81 4-24 1 25 11 30 10 05 2 49 11-40 17 83 0-82 00 5 00 200 1 00 8 00 7 00 1 00 11 52 1202 1-18 43 2 90 5-82 2 88 11 60 8-72 1 76 9-65 16 58 2 06 2 50 5 00 300 2 00 10 00 8-00 3 00 17 99 1203 213 2 58 6 60 3-22 1 88 11 70 8-48 3 75 15 60 20 97 206 2 50 5 00 300 2 00 10 00 800 1 50 16 41 1204 2-42 2 94 6 90 3-49 1 76 12 15 8-66 2 47 11-75 21 14 2-06 2 50 5 00 300 2 00 10 00 800 3 00 17 99 1205 216 2 3 5 1 62 00 59 00 6-90 2 69 1-76 11 22 22 35 80 fiO 8-66 3-61 13-35 20 83 1206 461 5-00 12-92 3-00 9-68 200 12-92 800 500 35 44 13 97 0-82 10-00 400 1207 1-43 1 73 6-60 2-85 1-90 11 35 9-45 4-88 23-84 20 17 0-82 1 00 5-00 200 100 800 7 00 100 11 52 1208 1-22 1-48 3 10 5-25 2 95 11-30 8-35 3-07 11-02 15 53 103 1-25 600 200 2 00 10 00 8 00 200 14 57 1209 1-39 1-G8 6-45 3-25 1-70 11 40 9-70 2-64 14-72 17 93 1210 8-54 10-37 1-00 1-68 5 65 '"3-53 1-60 100 2-12 7-25 5-65 2-47 4.00 415 8-54 "li-io' 30 92 "i9'45' 800 6-05 1211 1-38 11-70 9-58 2-50 2-62 800 6-60 ■'2'8i' 100 214 3 00 2-74 1212 2 15 11-55 9-41 12-40 19 69 2-50 2-68 800 6 65 ■■'3-47' 100 1-98 200 1-95 1213 2-21 12-10 10 12 11-40 19 74 11 00 6 70 ■"4-85 "g'so' 100 3 70 "9-71 2-00 2-18 1214 Traces .... 15-25 18 00 19-51 11-55 9-45 16 77 "i7'42" 1215 . ..1 ...1 9-80 6-62 14-5^ INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Table I. — Statement of the Results of Examining 102 Standard Name of Manufacturer. 1216 The Leeds Phosphate j Works, Hunslet, I Leeds, England. 1217 The Thomas Phos- phate Company. W. Harris & Co. Toronto. Thos. Reid, St. John N.B. Wm. Faint, Peter boro'. The Nova Scotia Fer- tilizer Co., Halifax N.S. 1218 1219 1220 1221 1222 1223 1224 1225 1226 1227 1228 1229 1230 1231 1232 1233 Russia Cement Co. j Gloucester, Mass. By whom sent. From what Material Produced. Name or Brand of Fertilizer. Manufacturers Wm. Gray, Ottawa. Manufacturers . Victoria Ch e m i c a 1 Co., Limited, Vic toria, C.B. Blood, flesh & bone. } Tankage, char potash & kainite I Tankage, nitrate I of soda, char, j muriate of pot- ash aud kainite. f S. C. ShafiFner, Clem- ents port, N.S. ' Basic SI ig ' — Guaranteed Found ' Thomas' Phosphate Powder ' — Guaranteed . Found ' Bone Meal ' — Guaranteed Found Brand H '— Guaranteed Found ' Superphosphate ' — Guaranteed Found ' Bone Meal ' — Guaranteed Found . . . ' Ceres Superphosphate ' — Guaranteed .... Found ' Apple Tree Phosphate ' — Guaranteed Found ' Strawberry Phosphate ' — Guaranteed Found ' Potato Phosphate ' — Guaranteed Found ' Ground Bone ' — Guaranteed Foimd ' " A " Kainite ' — Guaranteed Found .... ' " B " Muriate of Potash '— Guaranteed Found ' " C " Sulphate of Potash '— Guaranteed . . . Found ' " D " Superphosphate ' — Guaranteed Found ' " E " Nitrate of Soda '— Guaranteed Found ' " F " Mixed Fertilizer ' — Guaranteed Found ' Essex Complete Manure, for corn- grain and grass' — Guaranteed Found ADULTERATION OF FOOD SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 Samples of Commercial Fertilizers, registered for 1901 — Continued. 69 Results of Analysis. Relative Value per Ton of 2,000 lbs. Nitrogen. Phosphoric Acid. Potash. Mois- ture. Total including that of Nitric Acid or Ammonia, if present. Total Calculated as Ammonia. Soluble in Water. Citric Soluble. In- soluble. Total. Total Avail- able. m '0 s 3 p. c. p. c. p. c. p. c. p.c. p.c. 20-00 20-55 18-00 17-59 p.c. 'i4-40' p.c. p.c. % cts. 1216 14-40 6 15 20 14 1217 14-49 310 14-49 18 11 1218 4-54 5 51 11 34 6-96 18-30 11-34 1-80 30 33 1219 7-56 918 7 -50 2-80 10-30 750 8-45 27 23 1220 4-83 5-86 1-80 4-50 3-60 9 90 6-30 1-87 15 60 21 74 1221 3-84 4-65 2-00 2-40 3-25 3-42 2 02 2-99 3-71 3-21 13 94 6-76 20-70 13 94 2-14 4-56 6 -.53 9-07 6-50 10-62 4-70 5-29 4-85 31 31 1122 1-97 2-69 4-98 608 13-75 7-67 6-16 20 05 1223 2-81 2-24 3-83 5-25 11-32 6-07 12-36 ""'5-92 24 77 "'2422' 1224 2-46 2 37 2 42 5-57 10-36 4-79 1225 2-65 2 69 4-02 6-53 13-24 6-71 6-26 24 13 1226 2-94 3-57 17 -14 8-13 25-27 17 -14 12-00 11-49 .50 00 50 59 50-00 49-13 8-60 "'2-85' "'i-9o' 34 04 12 60 11 86 52 50 53 12 52 50 51 59 1227 1228 1229 16 00 15-70 1230 0-92 0-68 17-30 16-62 0-66 13-50 21 22 41 60 40 25 16 00 19 00 18-77 1231 15 • 48 0 55 ""8-63 "'8-92' 2 00 500 5-76 0-50 10-55 ■ '5-i2' "'8-95' 3.50 3-55 9-50 9-12 1232 2-33 3-70 3-75 2-70 4-50 4-56 416 3 00 3-33 0-96 4-00 5-62 0-64 2-50 1 60 15 56 27 61 29 24 1233 70 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Tarle I. — Statement of the Results of Examininc; 102 Standard Name of Manufacturer. 1234; Russia Cement Co., Gloucester, Mass. H. B. Marcille, Tho- Manufacturers rold, Ont. New England Ferti- lizer Co. , 43 North Market st., Boston Mass. F. D. Burris, Truro N.S. 1235 1236 1237 1238 1239 1240 1241 1242 Lowell Fertilizer Co., 44 North Market St., Boston, Mass. 1243 1244 1245 1246 By whom sent S. C. Shaffner, Clem- entsport, N.S. 1247 1248 1249 B. and M Ratten- bury. Charlotte- town, P.E.I. Messrs. Wallace & Fraser, St. John N.B. From what materials produced. Blood, meat and bone, with clay loam as a drier. ^ Nitrogen derived f from organic | matter. Phosp- horic acid deriv- ed frrm high - grade p h o s - I p h a t e s , and i potashfrom high I grade muriate I and sulphate of j potash. Animal matter, high p;rade su- perphosphate, muriate of potash, and high grade sulphate of potash. Name or Brand of Fertilizer- Market Garden and Potato Man- ure ' — Guaranteed. ... Found ... Essex XXX Fish and Potash ' — Guarant€ed Found Fertilizer ' — Guaranteed Found New England Potato Fertilizer ' — Guaranteed Found New England Com Phosphate ' — Guaranteed Found ' General Phosphate ' — Guaranteed Foimd ' Bone Meal ' — Guaranteed Found ' Potato Phosphate ' — Guaranteed Found ' Swift's Lowell Bone Fertilizer ' — ( Guaranteed Found ' Swift's Lowell Animal Fertilizer ' — (Guaranteed Found ' Swift's Lowell Potato Phosphate ' — Guaranteed Found ' Swift's Lowell Potato Manure ' — (juarauteed Foimd ' Swift's Lowell Ground Bone ' — Guaranteed Found ' Tankage, Blood, Potash and Nitrate of Soda Fertilizer ' — (Guaranteed Found ' Dried Blood Fertilizer ' — Guaranteed Found ' Albert's Thomas' Phosphate Pow- der Basic Slag ' Guaranteed Found ADUL TERA TION OF FOOD 71 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 Samples of Commercial Fertilizers, Registered for 1901. — Concluded. RESULTS OP Analysis. Nitrogen. Phosphoric Acid. Relative Value per ton of 2,000 lbs. OJ "a S u s 3 Total, including that of Nitric Acid or Ammonia, Total calculated as Ammonia. Soluble in Water. Citric Soluble. In- soluble. Total. Total Avail- able. Potash. Moist, ure. if present ^ p.c. p.c. p.c. p.c. p.c. p. c. p.c. p. c. p.c. $ cts. 200 2-40 4-50 4 50 200 11 00 5-00 21 00 1234 2-51 3 04 5-44 3 97 2 24 11-65 9-41 4 79 ii-62 22 62 2 10 2 50 4-50 4-50 300 12-00 2 25 19 66 1235 2-42 2 84 672 3 51 2-56 12 -79 10-23 2 74 7-17 21 38 5 4 78 01 o'eo 3-20 3 43 5-11 416 8-31 819 "4-63' 3 3 95 76 3-65 502 1236 3-30 20 52 1G4 2 00 7-00 6-84 4 00 1237 239 2-90 3-20 3-64 1-92 8-76 4-65 4-30 19 14 104 200 2 53 8-00 8-76 3-00 3-38 ■■■7'3.5' "ion' 1238 2-08 3-84 4-92 1-92 10-68 1239 1()8 2 04 3 20 0-64 3-84 3-20 3-20 17-17 11 14 1240 2-74 3-33 511 11 52 16-63 5-11 0-02 0-32 23 74 1241 1-57 1 2 2 90 00 02 0-64 3-81 0-67 512 4-45 800 8-97 6-08 3-00 3-29 18-15 15 31 1242 l-GG 4-48 449 0 63 9-60 7-44 17 51 3 2 00 86 9 00 9 28 4 00 4-90 1243 2-35 5 43 3-85 2-07 11-35 8-84 20 70 3 2 00 86 8-00 8-15 600 8-00 1244 2-35 256 559 1-12 9-27 4-96 22 82 2 1 00 90 7-00 7 04 4-00 4-34 1245 1-57 3-84 3-20 111 815 4 53 16 01 3 2 00 25 00 27-50 1246 246 0 47 12-48 14-55 12-95 3-60 34 74 1247 6-60 802 0-40 6-75 3-60 10-75 715 4-38 7-80 29 42 1248 9 "47 10-90 5-61 104 6-65 15-00 15 03 5-61 17-25 29 94 1249 11-83 3-20 11-83 15 25 72 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Table II. — Results of the Examination of 65 Q 190L April 18 Name axd Address of Vendor. Charlottetoion P.E.I. 20039;B. & M. Ratten bury. ,- 18 20040 M 18 20041 „ 19 20042 .■ 19 20043 A. Horn & Co Pictou N.S. J. W. D. Fraser. . . Truro N.S. J. H. Kent.... Manufacturer or Furnisher as given by Vendor. Analyst, M. Bowman, Halifax, N.S. Vendor Swift's Lowell Ferti lizer Co., Boston. Name or Brand of Fertilizer. Nitrogen. Total includ- ing that of Nitric I Acid or Am- monia if present. p. c. Total calculat- ed as Am- monia. p. c. Dried Blood ' — Guaranteed .... Standard .sample. Sample as sold . . . Animal Brand '— Guaranteed ... . Standard sample. Sample sold Kentville N.S. I. 22 20044 DeWolf & LamonfThe Nova Scotia Fer- tilizer Co., Halifax] Bradley Ferti lizer Co., Boston. Bowker Fertilizer Co., Boston, Mass. Potato Manure ' — Guaranteed Standard sample. Sample as sold . . . 9-47 974 1-66 2-63 Bradley'.s XL. Superphos- phate '— Guaranteed Standard sample Sample as sold M 23 20045 Windsor N.S. ' E. C. Shand Pro\dnc-ial Chemical Fertilizer Co., St.! John, N.B. I Dartmouth N.S. I Farm and Garden Fertilizer"- Guaranteed Standard sample Sample as sold ' Cere's Superphosphate ' — Guaranteed Standard sample Sample as sold Imperial Superphosphate' — Guaranteed Standard sample Sample as sold 1-57 0-92 206 2 67 2 24 M 2.5 20046 E. M. Walker .... The American Agri- I cultural Chemical Co., Boston, Mass. I ,. 25 20047 Colin McNab. 2:3 20048 AV. McV. Smith.. St. John N.B. .. le; 17776 D. J. Seely & Son. Soluble Pacific Guano ' — Guaranteed Standard sample . . Saniple as sold Thomas' Phosphate Powder' Guaranteed Standard sample Sample as sold 2-21 1 68 1-97 2-46 2-29 2-52 1-48 206 2-38 2 3.5 Provincial Chemical Fertilizer Co., St.' John, N.B. I Analyst, F. T. Har- rison, London, Ont. Bowker Fertilizer Co., Boston. Potato Phosphate ' — Guaranteed Standard sample. Sample as sold . . Square Brand ' — Guaranteed .... Standard sample. Sample as sold.-. 2-63 3-30 1-32 2 13 1-62 10-90 11-83 200 2- 02 3-20 200 1-90 1-12 2.50 3-25 2-72 200 2-68 2 04 200 2-40 2-99 2 79 3-06 1-80 2-50 2-89 2-86 319 401 1-60 200 2-52 1-96 ADUL TERA TION OF FOOD 73 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 Sample of Fertilizers as sold in 1901. Results of Analysis. Relative Phosphoric A cid. Potash. Moist- ure. value per ton of 2,000 lbs ■ft 1 m "0 u Official Analyst's Remarks. Soluble in Water. Citric soluble. In- soluble. Total. Total Avail- able. p. c. p. c. p. c. p. c. p. c. p. c. p. c. $ cts. 20039 **'o'74' 5-61 407 1 04 1-59 6-65 6-40 5-61 4-81 17-25 17.19 29 94 30 34 8-00 8-97 7-99 300 3-29 3-97 20040 4.48 317 4-49 4-82 0G3 3 07 9-60 11 06 7-44 8-94 17 51 20 50 • 700 704 9-21 400 4-34 1-76 20041 Below guarantee in monia and potash. *' 3.84 800 3-20 1 21 111 5-69 8 15 14-90 4-52 18-30 16 01 16 70 am- 500 6-40 6-41 3 00 4 09 2-43 200 1-60 2-83 10 00 12 09 11-67 8-00 10-49 8-84 1-50 3-52 "i2-08' 12-51 16 41 22 77 16 58 20042 10 00 11-70 11-15 8 00 9-12 9-33 2-00 2-95 2-25 "5-56' 19-30 19 62 21 43 18 09 20043 Genuine. 4-28 5-89 4-84 3-44 2-58 2-82 214 4-56 2-49 20044 2-69 381 4-98 1-70 608 307 13-75 8-58 7-67 5-51 6-16 19 11 20 05 15 88 6-43 7-50 4-83 1-56 3-26 2-81 8-28 6-64 740 16-27 17 -40 15-04 7-99 10-76 7-64 2-27 2-35 1-84 "9-io' 12-76 19 80 23 10 16 39 20045 Below guarantee in monia. am- 5-00 6-80 5- 69 300 3- 19 2 05 200 1-86 2-53 10 00 11-85 10-27 18-00 19-51 17-28 800 9-99 7-74 1-50 2-20 1-64 "'i3-55' 18-94 16 41 20 25 17 21 20046 20047 Trace'.' 9-80 11 05 9.71 6 .33 9-80 11 05 0-02 0-46 17 58 16 59 r. 38 6-97 604 1'63 2-57 2-68 6-64 5-86 5-34 14-65 15-40 14 06 12-00 1^-40 11.48 8-01 9 -.54 8-72 6 00 9-02 6-43 5-29 6-49 367 2-00 2-66 2-82 ■"8-25" 12-50 23 30 27 68 18 82 20048 17776 Below guarantee in monia and potash. Unadulterated am- 1.53 0-97 4-90 3-38 505 3-45 7-75 18 52 15 59 74 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Table II. — Results of the Examination of 65 o N.^ME AND Address of Vendor. Manufacturer or Furnisher as given by Vendor. Nitrogen. Name or Brand of Fertilizer. Total, I .i^^lV.^;: Total, ing that ,,.„i„,,i A of Nitric '^^^'="^*'^ Acid or Am- I monia if I present. 1901. April 17 17777 17 17778 ., 19 ,. 19 „ 23 St. John N.B. Analyst, F. T. Har- 1 riion — Con. Thomas Reid Vendor Provincial Chemi- cal Fertilizer Co. Vendors . p. c. I ' Superphosphate of Lime '- Guaranteed Standard sample I Sample as sold j 4 ' 26 'Potato Phosphate " 2-63 3-30 31« ed as Am- monia. 4-83 24 24 17779 17780 17781 17782 17783 Sussex N.B. J. A. McArthur . Swift's Lowell Ferti- lizer Co., Boston. Guaranteed Standard sample. Sample as sold.. . ' Potato Phosphate ' — Guaranteed . . Standard sample Sample as sold J. A. Humphreys. The Nova Scotia Fer|' Cere's Superphosphate ' — tilizer Co., Halifax i Guaranteed ■S^ Amlrev:&, N.B. | Standard sample I Sample as sold G. D. Grimmer, E. Frank Coe, Front 'Grass and (irain' — Water St. St., New York. j (Guaranteed Samjjle as sold 235 276 1-97 2-99 H. O'Neill, "Water Provincial Chemicali' Imperial Superphosphate '- St. Fertilizer Co., Ltd., ; Guaranteed St. John, N.B. Standard samjile St. Stephen, N.B. Sample as sold . . . Henry E. King St. King St. Hill, A m e r i c an Agricul ■ I t u r a 1 Co , New York. ' XL Superphosphate ' — Guaranteed Standard sample.... Sample as sold 17784;Hugh McKenna, Pafmenter & Polsey 'Plymouth Rock' — Fertr. Co., Pea- Guaranteed body, Mass. ' Sample as sold 19803 19804 19805 6 19806 110 2-29 2-52 209 206 2-67 2-73 3.33 M. Montreal. Analyst, Dr. Fiset, Quebec. I R.J.Latimer, rue Nichols Cheml. Co., ' Royal Canadian ' — McGill. Capelton, Que. Guaranteed . . . Standard sample. Sample as sold . . . .. M ' Victor ' — Guaranteed Standard sample. Sample as sold.. . Brodie & Harris, Standard Chemical ' Standard ' — rue Bleurj'. Fertr. Co., Smith's Guaranteed .... Falls, Ont. Standard sample. Sample as sold. . . 406 4-57 2-36 1-86 2-44 2 31 ' Special ' — I Guaranteed Standard .sample. Sample as sold . . 315 2-93 p. c. 5.86 5 17 319 401 3-84 300 2-86 3-36 2-40 3-64 125 279 3 00 2 54 2-50 3 -25 3-31 4.04 400 4-94 5 55 200 2-87 2-26 2 -.50 2-95 2-81 3-50 3-82 3-55 ADULTERATION OF FOOD SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 Samples of Fertilizers as sold in 1901. — Continued. 75 Results of Analysis. Phosphoric Acid. Soluble in Water. p. c. 1-80 172 6-38 6-97 6-84 Citric Soluble. p. c. 2-56 6-20 2-69 3 96 4-50 3 79 1-63 2-57 2 24 5 09 1-48 498 2-50 In- soluble. p. c. 3-60 5-24 6 64 5 86 505 1-12 1-53 608 2-49 Total. p. c. 9-90 10 -75 14-65 15-40 14 13 9-27 9-21 13 75 8-95 Total Avail- able. p. c. 6-30 5 51 801 9-54 908 8-00 8-15 7-68 7-67 6 46 Potash. p. c. 1-87 5-29 6-49 4 01 6-00 800 6-45 2-14 4-56 2-56 Moist- ure. Relative Value per ton of 2,0001bs. p. c. 15-60 21-30 -25 00 Not registered for 1901, therefore sold illegally 9 02 2 01 6-78 2-2t 2-36 11 38 6-43 7-50 6-70 1-56 3 26 213 8-28 6 64 3-51 16-27 17-40 12 .34 5-00 6-40 8-00 3-00 409 2-43 2-00 1-60 102 10 00 12-09 11 45 "■3:45 Notre 5-89 2ristered i 115 or 1901, a 10-49 9-30 6-88 0-62 1-79 308 2-30 1.3-66 10-97 6 30 6-07 1-25 300 4-55 3-99 12 10 13-06 11-00 12-10 12-31 6-07 7-67 3-48 1-93 2-55 2-71 10 00 10 87 12-47 6-22 8-36 306 1-34 1-50 2-77 7-99 10-76 8-83 8-00 10-49 10 43 2-27 2 35 1-23 1-50 3-52 2-29 4-96 7-47 616 14-95 15 02 910 14-50 12 08 1507 9-34 4-40 900 9 92 8-67 5 00 5-23 6-52 7-00 7-55 907 3-00 3-92 3-50 9 00 9-55 9-60 2-00 2 42 2-90 8-00 9-28 9-70 6-00 7-48 6-65 812 4-90 10-45 9-40 12-62 7-05 12 05 7-20 11-05 .$ ots. 21 74 17 30 23 30 27 68 23 97 22 82 22 92 20 05 IS 12 16 06 19 80 23 10 17 74 16 41 22 77 21 53 23 57 27 99 28 74 20 08 18 92 20 83 20 72 26 69 26 34 17777 17778 Official Analyst'i Remarks. Unadulterated. 17779 17780 17781 17782 17783 17784 19803 Genuine and up to guar antee. 19804, 19805, 19806 76 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Table II. — Results of the Examination of 65 Name and Address of 1901 April 11 n 11 >. 11 ,, 12 19807 19808 19809 19810 12 19811 12 16 16 16 17 Vendor. ISIanufacturer or Furnisher as given by Vendor. Quebec. P.-T. Legare, St Paul St. A nalyst, Dr. M. Fisct. — Con. Nichols Cheml. Co., Capelton, Que. Name or Brand of Fertilizer. Coaticook Que. H. E. Baldwin, farmer. 19812 East Stanbridgc, Q. 19813iD. Phelps, farmer 19814 19815 19816 Waterloo P. Q. Allen Taylor & Co. 19817 ;W. L. Whytcomb, A m e r i c an Agricul- tural Chemical Co. , New York. AruiJy.'it, E. B. Ken rick, Winnipeg. Bowker Fertr. Co . . . 'Reliauce' — Guaranteed Standard sample. Sample as sold.. ' Capelton Superphosphate ' Guaranteed Standard sample Sample as sold ' No. 1 Superphosphate ' Guaranteed ...... Standard sample . . Sample as sold Nitrogen. Total, includ- ing that of Nitric Acid or Am- monia if present. P.O. 2-35 2-08 Total, caleulat- ed as Am- p.c. 200 2-85 2 53 ' Eclipse Phosphate '- Guaranteed Standard sample. Sample as soid .. ' Standard ' — Guaranteed . . . Standard sample Sample as sold... ' Potato Special ' — Guaranteed . . . Standard sample . Sample as sold . . . Potato & Vegetable Fertilizer Guaranteed Standard sample Sample as sold ' Square Brand ' — i Guaranteed Standard sample. Sample as sold... Vermont Fertilizer '- Guaranteed Standard sample. Sample as sold . . . Pacific Guano Co. . ' Potato Special ' — I Guaranteed I Standard sample. Sample as soldn. . Read Fertilizer Co., ' Samson '- New York. Guaranteed Standard sample Sample as sold j 2 • 10 Trace. Trace. 103 1-41 122 1 25 1-72 1-48 0-82 1 43 105 100 1-73 1-28 206 217 2-27 2-50 2-63 2-75 200 1 85 213 1-85 2-64 2-49 2 06 2-17 2-46 2 00 2-43 2-25 200 2-52 2-25 300 3 21 302 2-50 2-63 2-99 2-55 ADLLTERATION OF FOOD SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 Samples of Fertilizers, as sold in 1901. — Continued. 77 Results of An ALYSIS. Relative value per ton of 2,000 lbs "a a m "o u s 1 Phosphoric Acid. Potash. Moist- ure. Soluble in Water. Citric soluble.! In- soluble. Total. Total Avail- able. Official Analyst's Remarks. p. c. p. c. p. c. p. c. p. c. 600 713 8-00 p. c. 2 00 2-72 5-00 p. c. $ cts. 19807 5-58 6 55 1-55 1-45 4-82 4 31 11-95 12-31 505 14-40 18 35 20 99 Genuine and up to guar an tee. 8-00 910 8-96 ' 0-56' "9-95 12-78 is'se' 13 05 19808 8-20 800 0-90 0-96 5- 10 6-23 14-20 15 19 M 11-50 10 48 10-55 19809 10-48 7-83 "'2'72" 470 5-27 15-18 15-82 "0-49' 11-50 13-62 13 9 1 14 14 „ 600 6-21 7-19 200 3-26 273 200 2 05 175 10-00 11-52 11.67 800 9-47 992 200 2-47 2-30 "i5-32' 15-85 14 57 17 62 17 57 19810 ,1 „ 500 6-60 4-32 300 2-85 4 33 200 1-90 2-56 10-00 11-35 11-20 8-00 9 45 8-65 4 00 4-88 4-25 "23-84' 17 30 13 97 20 17 17 69 19811 II 1! 500 6-50 5-12 300 312 3-84 200 1-88 1-75 10 00 11 50 10-71 8-00 9-62 8-96 300 3 46 3-68 "13-66' 15-35 17 99 20 63 20 19 19812 11 II 11-00 11-70 1103 900 9-40 8-25 200 2-14 2-32 "6-i.5 15-93 "io'oi' 17 31 19813 4-40 5 32 5-00 2 93 2-30 2-78 Genuine. 12-00 12-40 13-20 6-00 902 8-36 2-00 2 66 2-58 19814 205 5-08 6-97 3-28 3-38 4-84 3-45 10-90 18 52 18 31 " 10-00 10-45 11-80 800 9-53 7-79 400 4-20 4-25 19815 8-00 4-74 1-53 305 0-92 401 7 -00 14-44 22 73 20 69 If 500 6-50 4-35 300 312 2-27 2-00 1-88 4 15 10 00 11-50 10-77 800 9-62 6-62 3-00 3-46 3-72 "13-66 11-81 17 99 20 63 18 77 19816 II 1 Not registered for 1901, a i.nd there ore sold llegally 19817 1 1 4-54 i-84 1-71 8 09 6-38 3 89 21-02 17 10 „ 78 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Table II. — Results of the Examination of 65 Name and Address ok Waterloo, Que. 19818 W. L. Whytcomb. 19819 Farnhara, Que. 19820 G. Truax . 20829 20830 Ottmoa. Graham Bros., flor- ists. Smith's Falls, Ont. Name or Brand of Fertilizer. Manufacturer or Furnisher as given by Vendor. Analyste, Dr. M. I Fiset— Con. \ Read Fertilizer Co., New York. Bradley Fertilizer Co Analyste, Dr. F. X. Vakide. The W. A. Freeman Co. , Hamilton, Ont. Read's Leader ' — Guaranteed Standard sample Sample as sold . . . Farmers' Friend ' — Guaranteed Standard sample. Sample as sold . Eclipse Phosphate "- Guaranteed ... . Standard sanipje. Sample as sold .. . ' Tankage ' — Guaranteed Standard sample. Sample as sold . . . ' Dominion Flower Fertilizer'- Guaranteed Standard sample Sample as sold Nitrogen. Total includ- ing that of Nitric Acid or Am- monia if present. p. c. 082 1-22 114 2 05 1 03 1-41 100 736 4-34 5-32 20831 The Standard Fer-, Vendors i tilizer and Chem- ical Co., Ltd. 20832 20833 20834 20a35 Brockvillc. Brown & Co . Belleville, Ont. 20836 The Belleville Can- I ning Co. Bradley Fertilizer Co ' No. 1 Fertilizer ' — Guaranteed Standard sample. Sample as sold . . Standard Fertilizer '- Guaranteed . . . Standard sample. Sample as sold . . . 2-41 2 95 244 224 Special Fertilizer ' — Guaranteed Standard sample. Sample as sold.. . Bone with Potash '— Guaranteed Standard sample. Sample as sold.. . 3 15 2-95 Total cal'ulat- ed as Am- monia. p. c. 100 1 48 1-38 2-49 1-25 1-72 1-21 500 8-94 5-27 6-46 200 2-92 3-67 2-50 2-95 2-72 3 50 3-82 3-67 .Taken from 1-54 'i'87' Potato Fertilizer ' — Guaranteed Standard sample. Sample as sold . . . 2 06 2-23 2 10 Guano' — Guaranteed Standard sample. Sample as sold . . 2-50 2 70 2 55 Taken from 1-96' '2-38' ADULTERATION OF FOOD 79 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 Samples of Fertilizers as sold in 1901. — Continued. Results of Analysis. Relative value per ton of 2,000 lbs aj 'S, S cS m "o 1 s Phosphoric Acid. Potash. Moist- ure. Official Analyst's Remarks. . Soluble in Water. Citric soluble. In- soluble. Total. Total Avail- able. p % p.c. p. c. p.c. p.c. p.c. p.c. p.c. $ cts. 500 310 5 0.3 200 5 25 2 49 100 2 95 2-84 8 00 11-30 10-36 7-00 8-35 7-52 1-00 3-07 2-18 '"ii-62' 20-25 11 52 15 53 14 66 19818 Genuine. Not re a;istered 1 or 1901, a md there ore sold illegally. 19819 . 713 1-49 2-44 11-06 8-62 2-00 16-58 17 96 " 600 6 21 6-35 200 3 26 2-54 200 205 3 27 10-00 11-52 12 16 12-00 14 00 12 -02 8 00 9-47 8-89 2-00 2-47 2-23 'i5-32' 16-77 14 57 17 62 16 75 19820 20829 •■ *"6'92 10-96 8-70 3 04 2-40 10-96 9-62 '"0-70" 4-70 5-90 32 76 24 23 •• ....Not registere \ for 1901 20830 610 2-74 2-25 11-09 8-84 5-24 5-04 29 27 " 1100 12-10 11-11 9-00 9-78 8-98 1-00 1-21 1 35 20831 6-51 710 3-27 1-88 2 30 213 5 70 13-10 19 23 19 73 " 1100 12-10 10-71 9-00 9-55 9 14 200 2 42 2-33 20832 607 7-86 3-48 1-28 2-55 1-57 7 -05 15 03 20 83 19 14 " 10 00 10-87 9-69 8-00 9-28 7-96 6 00 7-48 6-76 20833 6 22 6-84 306 112 1 50 1-73 7-20 12-35 26 69 24 13 •• last year s stock, r lot regist ered for ] 901, and therefore sold illef rally. 20834 5-63 3-42 2-25 11-30 9-05 2-55 13 06 17 57 " 5-00 6-72 4-48 300 2-87 4-50 200 205 0-92 10 00 11-64 9-90 8-00 9 ,59 8 98 3-00 3 96 2-94 "i2-76' 14-38 17 99 21 34 18 73 20835 „ last year s stock, I lot regist ered for J 901, and therefore sold illej rally. 20836 C-65 1-96 i-76 i6-3i 8-61 1-45 16 67 16 87 ., 80 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Table II. — Results of the Examination of 65 Name and Address of Vendor. Manufacturer or Furnisher as given by Vendor. 1901. April 4 2 6 6 20837 20838 20839 20840 20841 20842 20843 20844 20845 20846 20847 Belleville — Con. C. E. Bishop. . . . Smith's Falls, Ont. The Standard Chemical & Fer tilizer Works. Belleville, Ont. The BellevUle Can ning Co. Cohourg, Ont. Geo. Thompson. Toronto. J. A. Simmer.s, 147 rue King. Analyst, Dr. W. H. Ellis, Toronto. Vendor. Bradley Fertilizer Co. Bradley Fertilizer Co. W. A. Freeman Co. Hamilton. Name or Brand of Fertilizer. Nitrogen. Total includ- ing that of Nitric calculat Acid or Am- monia if monia. present. • Thomas' Phosphate Powder' Guaranteed Standard sruiple Sample as sold ' The Royal '— Guaranteed ... . Standard sample. Sample as sold . . . Corn & Grass ' — Guaranteed ... . Standard sample. Sample as sold . . Superphosphate of Lime ' — Guaranteed . Standard sample Sample as sold ,. . . . Potato Fertilizer ' — Guaranteed Standard sample. Sample as sold — 'Complete Manure for Potatoes' Guaranteed Standard sample Sample as sold p. c. 2-83 1-82 2-77 2-30 2 06 2-23 231 Thomas' Phosphate '- Guaranteed Standard sample . . Sample as sold 4 94 Guano ' — Guaranteed Standard sample . Sample as sold . . . Sure Growth ' — Guaranteed Standard sample. Sample as sold.. Bone Meal '— (Guaranteed Standard sample. Sanif le as sold . . . W. Harris Toronto. & Co.. Brand ' H '— Guaranteed Standard sample. Sample as sold . . . 2 32 3-44 514 367 3-96 7-56 8-59 9 18 10-44 ADULTERATION OF FOOD. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 Sample of Fertilizers as sold in 19G1 — Continued. 81 Results oi- Analysis. Relative value per ton of 2,000 lbs 6^ 02 0 6 Phosphoric Acid- Totash. Mois- ture. Soluble in Water. Citric soluble. In- soluble. Total. Total Avail- able. Official Analyst's Remarks. p. c. p. c. p. c. p. c. 18-00 19-51 17-35 900 11-00 12-78 9-00 10-88 13-33 16-00 16-95 19-71 10-00 11-64 17-43 jistered u p. c. p. c. p. c. $ cts. 20837 20838 20839 20840 20841 20842 20843 20844 20845 20846 20847 9 -SO 10-10 9-71 7-25 9-80 10 -10 8-00 10-36 9-81 7 00 9-73 9-35 14 00 14 40 15-67 800 9-59 12-71 nder this 300 3-79 2-93 4-00 5-74 3-20 0 02 0-27 '6-i2' 12-94 "5-62' 13 08 17 58 16 19 '23 06' 21 91 2441' 21 14 Genuine. 704 7-06 3-32 2-75 0-64 2-97 6-85 7-85 2-88 1-50 1-15 3-98 Up to standard and gruar- antee in phosphoric acid and nitrogen. Below guarantee in potash. Up to guarantee. Up to guarantee. 2-66 6-32 5-00 6-72 5-23 1-74 9-35 3-00 2-87 7-48 2-55 404 2-00 2-05 4-72 Not re^ 3-00 3-96 3-46 name . . 6-65 11-88 "12-76' 5-98 VI ki 19 07 17 99 21 34 25 10 5-47 3-49 2-34 1130 18 -00 19-51 18-68 1901, an 8-96 6-76 10-75 30 06 9-80 12-26 Not regi 9 71 6-42 itered foi 9-80 12-26 d therefo re sold il 0-02 0-20 egally. 17 58 17 98 Up to guarantee. 506 '3-29' "5-40' "l3-75' 8-00 9 -70 12 00 23 00 22-60 23 23 "8-35' "8-76' "'i-83' 300 5-44 3-50 'ii'-7i' ' "is 80' 6 08 6 10 2-62 2-49 1.3-65' 9.07 100 3-41 '■■8-72" 14 16 2-49 13-59 24 45 26 89 Up to guarantee. 0 23 Trace. 13-88 907 "0-33' 7-30 7-55 32 82 33 98 Up to guarantee. Trace. 7-50 3-31 2-80 2-60 10-30 5-91 7-50 3-31 '6-36' 8-45 14-56 27 23 25-35 14—6 82 JMLANJD BE VENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Table II. — Results of the Examination of 65 Name and Address of Vendor. Manufacturer or Furnisher as given by Vendor. 1901. Mar. 29 „ 29 19483 19484 „ 30 19485 April 1 .. 2 .- 2 M 3 19486 19487 Stratford. Ont. W. R. Marshall & Co. Analyst, F. T. Har- rison, London, Ont. Bradley, Fertilizer Dissolved Bone — Co. Guaranteed .... Standard sampl.e. Sample as sold . . . . Hodd & Cullen. St. Thomas, Ont. J. Marlatt Ingersoll Packing Co., Ont. W. A. Freeman Co. , Hamilton. 19488' St. Catharines, Ont. 19489 Titterington & Co. •. 4 19490 19491 Niagara Falls, Ont L. H. Taylor. . . Name or Brand of Fertilizer. Nitrogen. ' Thomas' Phosphate Powder ' Guaranteed Standard sample Sample as sold American Agricul-i 'New Method Fertilizer.'- tural Chemical Co., Rochester, N.Y. Vendors . Bradley, Co. Guaranteed Standard sample. Sample as sold . . . Total, includ- ing that of Nitric Acid or Am- monia if present. p. c. Total, calculat- ed as Am- mi )nia. P.O. 0-21 Ingersoll Fertilizer '- Guaranteed Standard sample. Sample as sold . . . 103 1-34 1-22 7-97 7-63 Sure Growth ' — Guaranteed Standard samjile. Samjjle as sold . . . Bone and Potash ' — (Guaranteed Standard sample. Sample as sold . . Fertilizer " B. D. Sea Fowl Guano ' Guaranteed Standard sample.. . . Sample as sold .. Woodstock, Ont. Edwin Hersey. . . W. Harris & Co., Toronto. ' Thomas' Phosphate Powder ' Guaranteed Standard sample Sample as sold ' Ground Bime ' — Guaranteed .... Standard sample. Sample as sold . . 3 44 416 2:)3 3 60 2- 15 4-54 4-45 0-25 1-25 1<13 1-48 900 9-67 9-28 3-50 418 505 200 2-46 4-37 2-62 5-51 5 40 ADULTERATION OF FOOD 83 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 Samples of Fertilizers as sold in 1901 — Concluded. Results of Analysis. Relative value per ton "a. g Phosphoric Acid. Official Analyst's Remarks . Soluble in Water. Citric soluble. In- soluble. Total. Total Avail- able. Potash. Moist- ure. of 2,000 lbs in u a p. c. p. c. p. c. p. 0. p. c. p. c. p. c. $ cts. Not regi stered foi 1901, ur der this 1 lame, an i therefo ^e sold ill egallv. . . 19483 Unadulterated. '4'86' "2-94 '"14 6i' 6-27 11-07 7-87 16-24 "9-71 2-43 18 00 19-5] 15 -16 19484 9-80 12-73 9-8O 12-73 0-02 0-40 17-58 15-70 600 5-89 4-28 200 402 2-37 200 1-73 4-99 10 00 11-64 11 64 8 -00 9-91 6-65 2-00 303 2-56 15-14' 14-80 14 57 18 41 14 87 19485 " 5-50 10-40 8-50 6-80 0 80 3-20 8-00 810 700 '3204' 31 72 19486 " '6'45' il-26 12 15 10-40 8-95 0-64 0-31 8-00 9 70 11-19 "8-76' 7-42 3-00 5-44 2-71 "'2-49' 12-65 "24'4.5' 22 54 19487 „ 608 4-22 2-62 3-20 1-00 3-77 900 10-75 9-53 ■"8-43' 6-27 600 8-47 9-50 19488 5-95 3-58 2-48 2-69 2-32 3-26 4-17 12-10 24 43 26 88 Not regi 3tered for 1901, un der this r lame, anc 1 therefoi e sold ill egally. . . 19489 4.35 3-58 3-26 11-19 7-93 110 15-07 16 48 1800 19 51 16-37 19490 9-80 12-47 9-71 3-96 9-80 12-47 6-62 0-25 17 58 16 84 19491 11-34 14-76 6-96 5-24 18 30 20-00 11 34 14 76 1-80 4 22 30-33 32 16 14-6^ 84 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Laboratory of the Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, December 31, 1900. Thos. Macfarlane, Esq., F.R.S.C, &c., Chief Analyst. Sir, — In accordance with your request, I have made a study of certain modifications of official methods in the analysis of fertilizers proposed by you, having reference to- the determination of phosphoric acid in its different combinations. I beg to submit herewith a synopsis of the result of my work. CLASSIFICATION OF PHOS. ACID IN FERTILIZERS. The phosphoric acid present in commercial fertilizers is valued differently according as it is (1) soluble in water; (2) insoluble in water, but soluble in neutral citrate of ammonia ; (3) insoluble in either menstruum. These three classes are commonly spoken of as ( I ) soluble phosphoric acid, supposed to be that present in the free state, or combined with lime as monocalcium phosphate ; (2) reverted phosphoric acid, sup- posed to be that present as the di-calcium phosphate ; (3) insoluble p)hosjohoric acid, or that present as tri-cafcium phosphate. The soluble and reverted phosphoric acid together are usually styled available phosjjhoric acid. OBJECT OF INVESTIGATION. The object of the following work is to determine how the distribution of the total phosphoric acid present in a given fertilizer will be affected by using owe and two per cent citric acid instead of neutral ammonium citrate ; also, in the case of basic slags, what will be the effect of separating free lime by solution of chloride of ammonium, before applying citric acid, and finally the influence of different methods of applying the solvents. PRECAUTION AS TO SAMPLING. In order that the results may be interpreted with confidence, it is necessary to determine the magnitude of the variation introduced by sampling as this process is defined by the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (Washington, 1898). These require that the prepared sample should pass through a sieve, having circular perforations of one millimetre diameter (one twenty-fifth of an inch). Such a degree of fineness is easily attainable, even with moist fertilizers, containing fibrous matter. It is, however, much too coarse to permit of exact duplicate portions of two grams being weighed out, and is, besides, very indefinite. For two portions (say 25 grams each) of a given sample may be so ground that while each fulfils the condition of passing entirely through a 1 mm sieve, 90 per cent of one portion shall pass through a 0-2.5 mm sieve, while not 10 percent of the second portion does so. An important consequence of this coarse and irregular grinding is that it is impossible to weigh out successive portions of two grams such that exact duplicate estimations of phosphoric acid (or other constituent) are obtained on analysis. SUGGESTION AS TO FINENESS. It is much to be desired that samples should be ground to a fineness determined by the whole passing through a sieve of, say, 60 meshes per inch. This can only be done, in most cases, by artificially drying the sample before grinding, a condition which might affect the classification of the contained phosphoric acid. That the changes brought about by drying the sample are very slight, is evident from some results in soluble and reverted phosphoric given in the tables. (Ex. 7-27). ADUL TERA TION OF FOOD 85 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 The following samples were employed in this work : — DESCRIPTION OF SAMPLES. No. 1045 — Bradley's XL Superphosphate — Contains — Total phosphoric acid (Pg Og) 13-32 " nitrogen 2*29 " potash (K2 O) , . 2 • 9 " moisture . . 8-40 No. 1074 — Capelton Superphosphate — Contains — Total phosphoric acid (Pg O5) : , 15-02 " moisture 8-85 No. 1114 — Reid's Superphosphate — Contains — Total phosphoric acid (Pg O^) 1519 " nitrogen 3-71 " potash (K2 O) 1-69 " moisture 26-46 This fertilizer was too wet to be satisfactorily sampled, and was dried, befora grinding, so that the material prepared for analysis contained 17 15 per cent water. No. 1088 — Superphosphate of Lime — Contains — Total phosphoric acid (Pg O5) 25 ■ 52 " moisture 6 • 80 No. 1090 — No. 1 Fertilizer, Standard Chemical Co. — Contains — Total phosphoric acid 22 • 52 " nitrogen 1-41 " potash (K2 O) , . . . 1-68 '* moisture 8 50 " 1 1 98 I Thomas' Phosphate Powder — Contain only traces of moisture. PREPARATION OF SAMPLES. The portions taken for analysis were ground to the following degrees of fineness: — No. 1045 — All passed through a sieve of 40 meshes per inch, and over 50 per cent through a sieve of 60 meshes. No. 1074 — All passed through a 40 mesh sieve, and 80 percent through a 60 mesh. No. 1114 — 75 percent passed through a 40 mesh sieve, and about 50 percent through a 60 mesh. The coarser portion (about 25 per cent of the whole) consisted of scraps of skin, hairs and miscellaneous organic debris. No. 1088 "I — All passed through a 40 mesh sieve, and about 75 per cent through a " 1090 f 60 mesh. " 1057 1 — All passed through a 40 mesh sieve, and more than 90 per cent through " 1128 J a 60 mesh. ESTIMATION OF Po O.. All determinations of phosphoric acid were made by molybdate. Most of the work was done by titration of the yellow precipitate with standard potash and nitric acid, but many estimations were checked by the magnesia method. I have found, by a long series of titrations of solutions containing known amounts of phosphoric acid, that the process, in my hands, involves a possible mean error of about 01 per cent Pj O5. Hence, the results in the following tables cannot be safely inter- preted within narrower limits than this. INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 HOW STATED. All the results tabulated are stated as percentage numbers calculated on the dry material. THE ROTATOR. The ' Rotator,' used in many of the experiments recorded, is a wheel of wood, 15 inches in diameter, to which 4 Erlenmeyer's of 300 cc. can be radially attached. The surface of the wheel is cut out in such a way that the Erlenmeyer is fitted into the depression, where it is held by rubber bands passing over small brass hooks screwed into the wheel. This wheel is driven by a small water motor at the rate of 30 — 40 revolutions per minute. Owing to fluctuations in our water pressure, it has occasionally happened that the rate has been reduced to 20 per minute, which may account for cer- tain irregular results. VARIATION DUE TO SAMPLING. Table I. — Variations due to Imperfect Sampling. Serial Number of Experiment. Sample 1045. Sample 1074. Sample 1114. Sample 1057. Sample 1128. 1. ... 13-25 13-43 13-50 13 -11 13-34 15 09 14-75 15-22 15-48 15-10 15 06 15 30 15 00 17-91 17-70 17 -40 2..:..::::::-:.- :::::;;::::.::;::::::::::: .::;;:::.. 17-56 3. .. 4. ... Total mean P, 0^ | 5. ... 13-32 15-02 15-19 17-80 17-48 Each estimation was made upon a separate solution of two grams in nitro-hydroch- loric acid. In the basic slags a considerable excess of hydrochloric acid was u.sed, and subsequently got rid of by evaporation. The maximum deviations from mean value are as follows : — 0-21 0-27 0-29 0-11 008 It has already been noticed that an error of about 0 • 1 may be due to the method of working. This leaves an additional error of somewhat larger amount to be accounted for by the sampling. soluble P2 O- by OFFICIAL METHOD. Table II. — Soluble phosphoric acid. Experiment. 1045. 5-83 5-85 5-73 1074. 1114. 6-65 6-40 G 55 2 25 2-15 2-22 Made on >Made on 8 anhydrous .sample. 9.. Mean 10. 5-80 5-75 5-70 5-78 6-53 7-36 7-00 6-67 6-86 2-21 1.30 1 16 11 12 normal sample. 13 Mean 5 73 6-97 1-23 ADULTERATION OF FOOD 87 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 The estimations of soluble phosphoric acid recorded in Table II. were made by treat- ing two grams of the sample on a 9 c ra filter with water until the filtrate measured 250 cbc. The first three estimations in each sample were made upon the material dried at 100'' C. It will be seen that in samples 1045 and 1114 a slightly higher percentage of soluble phosphoric acid is obtained when dry material is used, while in 1074 the undried material yields more phosphoric acid to water. This last is a superphosphate made from apatite. SOLUBLE P2O5 BY 5 P.O. NH^ cl. The following table gives the results of using a 5 per cent solution of ammonium chloi^de, instead of water, to wash out the soluble phosphoric acid. Table III. Experiment. ' 1045. 1074. 1114. 1088. 1090. 21 22 5-75 5-93 7-25 6-96 2 23 2-83 2-78 7-42 602 23 .. Mean. . . 5-84 710 2-53 7-42 602 SOLUBLE P2 0g BY ROTATOR. The phosphoric acid dissolved in thirty minutes from two grams, by 100 cbc water, applied by means of the rotator, was as follows (in 1088 and 1090, 5 per cent solution ammonium chloride was used) : — Table IV. Experiment. 1045. 5-40 5-32 1074. 6-56 1114. 1088. 1090. 19 20 2-22 7-39 600 Mean. . . 5-36 6-56 2-22 7-39 600 These experiments show that a 5 per cent solution of ammonium chloride may be used instead of water to dissolve phosphoric acid without materially affecting the results. The following synopsis of results, as far as soluble phosphoric acid is concern- ed, makes comparison easy. Synopsis, soluble p„0-. Method. 1045. 580 5-73 5-84 5-36 1074. 6-53 G-97 710 6-56 1114. 1088. 1090. Official method on dry sample " M normal sample .... 2-21 1-23 2-53 2-22 Ammonium chloride solution Use of rotator, 30 niin 7-42 7 39 602 600 88 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Reverted Phosphoric Acid. In the follo-vving series of experiments a solution of neutral citrate of ammonia (as per official instructions) -was used to dissolve the so-called reverted phosphoric acid. In Experiments 14 to 18, inclusive, this was applied as directed by the official regula- tions ; in Experiments 26 and 27 the solution -was applied by the rotator during 30 min.; in 31 and 32 the solution of ammonium citrate was applied to the sample after treatment with solution of ammonium chloride to remove free lime. REVERTED P^O^ BY AMMONIUM CITRATE. Table V. Experiment. 1045. 1074. 1114. 1057. 1128. 1088. 1090. 14 . 4-61 4-73 4-71 4-71 4-92 4-71 5-16 4-15 402 4-a 804 6-90 7-53 6-85 7-25 7-88 7-48 8-36 8-20 15 16 17 ioi 1-25 2-27 18 2-52 Mean 4-74 4-51 7 31 7-68 8-2-! 1-28 2-40 26 4-19 4-18 2-51 8-35 1-44 2-33 27 31 11-2.5 11-25 32 Notes. — In Experiments 14 to 16, dry material was used, i.e., residues from Ex- periments 7 to 9. In 17 and 18, residues from 10 and 11. In 26 and 27, residues from 19 and 20. In the following series (Table VI.) a 2 per cent solution of citric acid was used to dissolve the reverted phosphoric acid. In 28 and 29, 200 cc. solution was used on the rotator for 30 min. ; in 30, for one hour. reverted PgOg BY 2 PER CENT CITRIC ACID. Table VI. Experiment. 1045. 1057. 1128. -28 29 2-84 12 28 11-92 13 34 13 .S6 12-80 30 2-84 12-51 13 08 Notes. — In 1057 and 1128 the free lime was previously removed by chloride of am- monium. In 1045 the soluble acid was removed by water. In the following series (Table VII.) a 1 per cent solution of citric acid was employ- ed, 200 cbc being used (except in Experiments 33 and 34), with the rotator, during periods varying from thirty minutes to two hours. ADULTERATION OF FOOD SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 Reverted Pj Og by 1 per cent citric acid. Table VII. — Results with 1 per cent Citric Acid. Experiment. 1045. 1074. 1114. 1057. 1128. 1088. 1090. Period. 2t 4 91 1'45 0-82 10-60 12-55 12-62 12-88 12-92 12-60 12-43 12-45 12-16 2-97 3-08 4-49 4 53 25 37 38 200 ebc. applied for - one hour, with the 42 ■' Mean 4-91 114 10 60 12-71 12 -.35 3-03 4-51 35 13-36 12-64 12-84 12-64 ii-96 39 40 i One and a half to two 1 hours. jMean 12-95 12 30 36 12-32 11-48 . 41 r One-half hour. Mean 11-90 33 7 -a; 8-64 7-12 jlOOcbc. 34 Mean 7-95 712 CONCLUSIONS. The following conclusions seem to be justified by the work recorded : — 1. A variation of nearly 1 per cent of so-called 'reverted' P2 Og occurs in apply- ing the ammonium citrate method to diflferent portions of the same sample in acid ferti- lizers. (See Table V.) 2. The application of 1 per cent citric acid to this class of fertilizers gives varying results. (See Nos. 1045, 1074 and 1114 in Table VII.) In 1045 the difference is negli- gible. In 1074 the citric acid is onlj^ one-fourth as effective as ammonium citrate ; in 1114 it is decidedly more effective. It occurred to me that an explanation of this phenomenon might be found in the mode of occurrence of the phosphate of lime. I obtained the following results with a sample of Bone Meal (furnished by H. A. McNutt, Truro, N.S.):— Per cent. Moisture 2 • 25 Water soluble P2 O 5 0-10 Total P2 Og 21-91 Reverted Pj Og— By neutral ammonium citrate 8-32 By 1 per cent citric acid 15-81 These results show citric acid to be a more effective solvent for reverted phos- phoric acid in ground bones, and suggest the existence of bone meal in No. 1114. This is found to be the fact. No. 1074 is, on the contrary, a mineral phosphate. In this be- haviour towards citric acid may lie a mode of ascertaining the origin of the phosphoric acid in a given fertilizer. 90 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 3. In basic slags from which the lime has been partially removed by washing with water (as in the official method for dissolving soluble phosphoric acid) neutral citrate of ammonia dissolved 7 ■ 68 and 8' 28 per cent Pg Og. (Ex. 14 and 15.) Applied to a lime free slag, citrate of ammonia extracted 1 1 • 25 per cent Pg Og. (Ex. 31 and 32.) Two per cent citric acid dissolved respectively 12 '51 and 13 08 per cent Pj Og. (Ex. 28 to 30, Table VI.) The effectiveness of 1 per cent citric acid on lime free slags is influenced (1) by the quantity of the solvent ; (2) by the time during which this is applied. (See Table VII.) 4. One per cent citric acid solution is nearly as effective as two per cent in remov- ing P2 Og from slags in which the caustic lime has been washed out. Removal of CaO. Table VIII. contains a record of experiments to determine the efficacy of solutions of chloride of ammonium in removal of basic lime from slags. Table VIII. Removal of CaO in Basic Slag — CaO expressed as p,c. on dry sample. H Conditions. Lime (CaO). 1057 I 1128 Remarks. 2 grms. on 9 cm. filter, washed with water till filtrate measured 250 cc I 4-25 2 ^ms. boiled with NH4 CI. solution under condenser 110 '75 910 2 grams. -)- 100 cc. NH4 CI. solution in 'rotator' 1020 9-75 900 900 975 970 7-20 7 -.30 7-35 2 grms. + 100 cc. shaken by hand at five minute intervals. 2 grms. + 100 cc. 25 p.c. solution NH4 CI. in ' rotator ' 2 grms. + 100 cc. 5 p. c. NH4 CI. solution in ' rotator ' for one hour 2 grms. on 9 cm. filter washed with 5 p. c. NH4 CI. solution till filtrate = 250 cc. 730 7-.^0 8-80 900 4 -65 4-95 410 430 390 3-90 500 4-80 2i p.c. solution, 1 hour. 20"' 24 5 10 20 10 10 2h 91 5 p.c. solution to 250 cc. Note. — Most of the lime precipitates were slightly discoloured by Fe2 O3 ; but the amount of iron was trifling. Experiment 1 shows that in a slag containing about 10 per cent of caustic lime nearly half of this may be removed by washing with water, as in solution of soluble phos- phoric acid by official methods. In the resulting solution 02 gram CaO is dissolved in 250 cbc, or a 008 per cent solution of CaO is obtained. Since the solubility of CaO in water is about 0 12 per cent, such a liquid is about two-thirds saturated. The remaining experiments go to prove that solutions of chloride of ammonium an- swer very well the purpose of removing the CaO. The efficiency of the solvent is not greatly increased by an increase in its strength above 2^ per cent. Five per cent is a very convenient strength to use, and has been employed in most of these experiments. No advantage results from boiling the solution; and it is much more convenient to use it cold, with mechanical agitation. The maximum, minimum and mean CaO remov- ADUL TERA TION OF FOOD 91 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 ed from these slags by 100 cc. of a 5 per cent NH^ CI. solution, used cold, by mechanical agitation for one hour, is as follows : — No. 1057. No. 1128. Maximum 9 • 75 3-90 Minimum 7-30 3 • 90 Mean 8 28 3 • 90 The greatest variations observed in CaO removal, irrespective of the details of mani- pulation, are as follows : — No. 1057. No. 1128. Maximum 10 75 5 00 Minimum . 7 ■ 20 3 • 90 Difference 3 55 110 The following general conclusions may be noted : — I. No important difference in the amount of soluble Pj Og in acid fertilizers is obtained by the substitution of chloride of ammonium solution for water, as officially prescribed. II. The substitution of 1 per cent citric acid for neutral citrate of ammonia in acid fertilizers brings about changes in the amount of P2 O^ dissolved, which seem to de- pend upon whether the phosphoric acid has come from a mineral or an animal source. III. In basic slags a 5 per cent solution of ammonium chloride forms an effective solvent for the free lime, and does not dissolve P2 O5. It is a matter of indifference whether the solution be used hot or cold IV. Citric acid of 1 per cent strength is practically as efficient a solvent of Pj O5 as a 2 per cent solution in lime free slags. Neutral citrate is somewhat less efficient, as shown by the following: — No. 1057. No. 1128. Mean P2 O5 by 2 per cent citric acid 12-51 13 08 by 1 " " 12-80 12-16 " by ammonium citrate 7-68 8 • 28 " by 1 per cent citric acid applied for two hours 12-95 1230 I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, A. McGILL. December 31, 1900. MEMORANDA ON MANURES. Since this bulletin is intended for circulation among our farmers, it has been thought advisable to take advantage of its issue by reprinting some of the notes which have appeared in former bulletins, and adding a few additional particulars from works which have recently appeared regarding the application of natural manures and artificial fertilizers. It is nearly fifty years since Stoeckhardt, at that time professor in the agricultux-al school of Tharandt, Saxony, said that a farmer who bought guano, bonemeal, or other artificial fertilizers, and at the same time neglected to make proper use of the dung of the cattle on his own farm, must be regarded as an agricultural spendthrift. Every intel- ligent farmer in Canada will in these modern days agree with the old (German professor, and maintain that the treasury of the farm is the dungstead, and that leaks and emana- tions from it of valuable fertilizing constituents must lead to financial embarassment and possibly ruin 92 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 This statement may be positively made without in the slightest degree detracting from the merits of artificial fertilizers, for, when properly selected and applied, their value becomes abundantly evident. The question as to whether their use is remunera- tive has been frequently discussed, and depends to a large extent on the care employed in their selection. Supposing that the intelligent farmer has considered composition, cost, &c., to the best of his ability, made his selection and applied the fertilizer, he may still be in doubt as regards the result unless he takes steps to make a manure trial with it. As regards the best way of doing this, Hellriegel has related his experience. He recog- nizes how difiicult it is for practical agriculturists, fully occupied with their regular work, and engaged in meeting all the difficulties caused by workmen, weather and market rates, to carry out regularly planned manure experiments. He therefore describes a method which experience in his estimation had justified, and recommends it for the purpose of ascertaining whether any application of lime, marl, dung or fertilizers had really produced the improvement which from the point of view of cost had been expected. This plan is to pass over, at one or several places, properly selected, a few square rods of the field without applying the dung or fertilizer. In this way unmanured plots, which do not require to be measured with great exactitude, but merely paced, and do not need to be harvested separately, are left in the manured field, by means of which any improvement in the latter may be remarked and valued. This plan exacts that it should be possible to see a distinct difiierence between the unmanured plots and the manured fields, not only as regards the height and density of the resulting crop, but also in reference to the fullness of the ears and the development of the grains. In the event of such a distinct difference being invisible the manure is justly discredited as unfit for its intended purpose. It would seem advisable to recommend this plan to farmers who use fertilizers, because some of them may manure the who^e field, fail to see any improvement on account of being unaljle to make comparisons, and per- haps condemn the fertilizer unjustly. The simplicity of the plan above described, and its applicability everywhere and every years would appear to commend it to the practical agriculturist. At the same time it is necessary to remark that there are instances on record of fertilizers having been applied and remaining utterly without effect owing to some defect in the soil. Such defects have often been cured by a previous application of marl or lime, which not only produced good effects themselves, but improved also the action of fertilizers applied afterwards. THE CARE OP NITROGEN. This element is the most valuable of fertilizing constituents, and one which is ex- ceedingly liable to loss. In many of the fertilizers described in this and former reports, their cost is very much increased by the admixture of nitrogenous constituents. This cost farmers might save by properly caring for the stock of nitrogen on their farms, and this stock might even be increased by cultivating those crops which have the power of appropriating the nitrogen of the atmosphere. Nevertheless the fertilizer manufacturers still seem to be under the necessity of supplying this element in considerable quantity in their goods, and of charging for it. In the case of the mixed fertilizers, this extra charge varies from S8 to $14 per ton, which the farmer must pay if he purchases, and which he can readily save in his own stables or produce upon his own farm. Nearly the whole of the nitrogen in the fodder fed to farm stock is to be found in the excreta of the animals, and one-half of it is contained in the urine. It is further well known that 95 per cent of the potash contained in the food of cattle and sheep may be recovered by carefully saving the liquid manure only. It has, however, been ascer- tained that stable-yard manure experiences considerable loss of its fertilizing consti- tuents, but more especially of nitrogen, when left to itself in the dung heap. Accord- ing to the experiments of Wolff, this loss amounts to 55 per cent of the nitrogen con- tained in fresh manure from horned cattle. The later experiments of Heiden and Hol- defleiss place it at 23-4 per cent. These results were obtained when ordinary reasonable care is taken of the manure, but give no data for estimating the loss which occurs when, ADUL TERA TION OF FOOD 93 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 as is very frequently the case in Canada, the manure is treated with the grossest, neglect. It is safe to assume that, generally, 50 per cent of the nitrogen contained in the barn- yard manure of this country returns unutilized to the atmosphere, or is otherwise lost by careless treatment. Supposing that an average quantity of 36,000 pounds is produced in fresh condition annually by each animal, and that it contains 0*4 per cent of nitrogen, it follows that a loss of 72 pounds of nitrogen, worth $8.64, takes place for each head of cattle. This loss can be prevented by daily strewing the stables with two pounds of ground plaster for each animal, which at once prevents any smell of ammonia from arising in the stable. The quantity prescribed means 700 lbs. or a cost of about 12.50 annually for each 1,000 lbs. live weight, but, by adopting this plan, the farmer would to a great extent be relieved from the necessity of purchasing the nitrogen of artificial fertilizers. In a pamphlet published by Vieweg 1859, entitled Ein PJund Stickstoj^ kaum einen Groschen, which may be freely translated ' A pound of nitrogen for a penny,' Dr. Meyer Altenberg maintained that ground gypsum is the very best preservative of barn- yard manure when applied in the stable, because it secures 'certainty and completeness of eflect, ease of execution, and the lowest possible cost.' He further described the effect of its application on the domain of Beberbeck in Hesse, and other impoverished farms, showing that it is possible to bring such into a fertile condition without the purchase of manure or fertilizers or feeding stuffs, excepting a little straw for bedding and oats for the horses. TREATMENT OF STABLE-YARD MANURE. Dr. Meyer-Altenberg, in the little work above mentioned, takes care to point out that the use of gypsum, without subsequent careful treatment of the dungheaps, does not give the desired efiect, and he dwells on the importance of having the manure thoroughly trodden down, and made as compact as possible. This is also shown in Dr. J. Koenig's prize essay, ' How can the farmer preserve and increase the stock of nitrogen on his property r (Berlin, 1887.) In a special chapter of this work the author discusses 'The evolution of free nitrogen during the fermentation and storage of stable manure,' des- cribes the experiments which were made from 1860 to 1885 regarding its treatment and gives finally the results of the discussion from which the following sentences may be translated with advantage : — 1. In the decomposition of nitrogenous substances of every nature a loss, more or less considerable, of free nitrogen takes place. 2. This loss is the greater the more the atmosphere has access to the decomposing mass. 3. Too much moisture is just as hurtful as too little. Stable manure requires such a degree of humidity as permits its components to lie close to each other. 4. The addition of substances which fix ammonia (such as gypsum, kainite and kieserite) prevent or reduce the loss of nitrogen. These substances are, however, of little or no value if care is not taken at the same time to prevent as much as possible the access oj air. 12. In storing stable manure in dungsteads the latter must be watertight and roofed in, and the treading down of their contents by the farm animals is to be recom- mended. One thing in connection with this question is perfectly certain, and that is that the use of gypsum, or ordinary ground land plaster, prevents any loss of nitrogen in the stable, and while the manure is being forwarded to the dungheap. Further, if the work from which the foregoing quotations have been made be carefully studied, and also the experiments and writings of Holdefleiss, Vogel and others, it appears to be quite certain that the use of the same article, or of the gypsum produced in the manufacture of ' acid-phosphate,' completely prevents the loss of ammonia from the liquid part of the manure, and also from the organic nitrogen of the solids, provided the whole has, previ- ous to fermentation, been made thoroughly compact, and atmospheric air almost com- pletely excluded. Where it is found impossible to attend to the latter precautions, the 94 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 safest way will probably be found to lie in avoiding fermentation altogether, by convey- inf^ the fresh manure, after treatment with gypsum, on to the field to be manured and brincincr it under the soil as rapidly as possible. The latter practice has been proved to be most advantageous by the experiments which have been carried on for some time past at the Central Experimental Farm by Director Saunders. (See Reports for 1898.) Not only has the addition of substances which have the faculty of fixing ammonia been recommended for stable manure, but its improvement to a greater extent has been proposed by the addition of fertilizers. The following quotation is taken from Bulletin No. 45 (for iSIarch, 1897) of the Massachusetts Agricultural College, and was written by Dr. C. A. Goessman, Chemist for that institution : — ' The practice of adding to the manurial refuse materials of the farm as stable manure, vegetable compost, &c., such single commercial manurial substances as will enrich them in the direction desirable for any particular crop to be raised, does not yet receive that degree oj general attention which it deserves. (The italics are in the original.) An addition of potash in the form of muriate or sulphate of potash, or of phosphoric acid in the form of fine ground South Carolina or Florida soft phosphate, &c., will in many instances not only improve their general fitness as complete manure, but quite frequently permit a material reduction in the amount of barn-yard manure ordinarily considered suflicient to secure satisfactory results.' ' Average composition of seventy-five samples of barn-yard manure : — Per cent. Lbs. jjer ton. Moisture ....- 6700 1,340-0 Nitrogen • . 0 52 10-4 Potassium Oxide 0 56 11-2 Phosphoric Acid 0 39 7-8 ' The average barn-yard manure contains, it will be noticed from the above state- ment, a larger percentage of nitrogen, as compared with its potash and phosphoric acid than is er cent. The manufacture of moss litter has been attempted at Musquash, in New Bruns- wick, and it is now being produced in Welland County, Ontario. From the latter locality I was supplied with several bales of the moss' litter for experimental purpo.^es, and Dr. Laberge, of Montreal, undertook to superintend the carrying out of an experi- ment to determine its deodorizing and absorbent qualities. Jcle reports that 100 lbs. of moss litter were sufficient for drying SCO lbs. of ordinary excreta from privy pits in Montreal, and rendering it entirely inoffensive. A sample of the product remained for days in my office without attracting notice and indeed it was quite devoid of odour. Its analyses gave the following results : p.c. lbs. pr. ton. "^f"® ^ ' per ton. Nitrogen ....1-31 26-2 at 13c. $3 41 Phosphoric acid 0^90 18-0 " 5 0 90 Potash 014 2-8 " 5| 0 15 Water 65.47 $4 46 The valuation of ordinary fresh barn-yard manure with 75 per cent of water is about .f 2 per ton ; with 67 per cent, water as in the case of the average given above by Dr. Tiossmann, the value is nearly $2.25. Therefore, much better results might be ex- pected agriculturally from a " moss manure " of the composition just described. Moss litter might also be applied with great advantage in public urinals. When a sample of it was supersaturated with urine and dried, and this process repeated several times, no offensive odours were developed and the product was found on analysis to contain 1241 per cent of nitrogen which is equal to a valuation of $32.26 per ton. ADUL TEEA TION OF FOOD 99 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 These facts are reported in order to show that Canada possesses in her waste lands abundance of material which might be used in our towns and villages for the produc- tion of a very valuable manure, with the simultaneous introduction of very many sani- tary advantages. It is not to be expected that cities or towns which are advantageously situated for the water carriage system, or which have already adopted it, will make any changes, but there are many towns and villages in the Djminion where the application of the moss litter system would be very suitable, and the authorities of which, by selling the product or giving it gratis to the farmers of the neighbourhood, might confer a great benefit on agriculture. 14-7^ 100 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 APPENDIX N. BULLETIN No. 76.— CANNED SALMON. Ottawa, July 2, 1901. W. J. Gerald, Esq., Deputy Minister of Inland Revenue. Sir, — On March 13, 1900, 1 addressed a report to the Commissioner on the subject of canned goods, which ,was not published at the time. I would respectfully suggest that its contents, repeated in this report, should now be made public, and at the same time the particulars given concerning a collection of samples of canned salmon since made. In December, 1899, a circular was, with the Commissioner's approval, issued to almost all the physicians of the Dominion, accompanied by a schedule, in which these gentlemen were requested to state their experience as regards the use of canned goods. The circular and schedule in question are here transcribed : — Department op Inland Revenue, Ottawa, November 18, 1899. Dear Sir, — The attention of this department has been called to the frequency with which illness, attributed to the use of canned or tinned foods, is noted in the various daily and weekly newspapers of Canada. The use of such foods is on the increase, and it is very desirable that the facts as to this matter should be known so that necessary steps may be taken to safeguard the health of consumers. To this end copies of this circular and schedule are being sent to the medical men of Canada. Will you kindly give them your best attention, and make the returns as carefully as your time will permit, so that the statistics obtained may be full and sat- isfactory. I shall be much obliged by your returning the schedule not later than the end of the present year, using the accompanying envelope so as to avoid out-lay for post- age. Yours truly, E. MI ALL, Commissioner. SCHEDULE. To Dr 1. Have any cases of illness, apparently attributable to the uses of tinned foods^ come under your notice within recent years ? 2. Please state the number of such cases, and the period of your observation. , , , . . years. 3. How many have terminated fatally 1 4. Have you judged the symptoms to point to metallic or to ptomaine poisoning 1 ADUL TEE A TION OF FOOD 101 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 5. If the latter, was the defect owing to imperfect sealing of the tins, or to slight change or decomposition in the contents on account of age ? 6. Have you any suggestions to make with a view to bettering existing condi- tions as regard tinned foodstuffs 1 (Signature). Date The number of circulars and schedules sent out to the medical men of the diflferent provinces of the Dominion was 4,348. Of these 263 were returned from the Dead Letter office as not called for, &c. To the latter number must be added thirty schedules returned blank, owing to the death or removal of the parties to whom they were ad- dressed, or for other reasons, and two from the United States. The total number received of schedules which were properly filled up was 1,313. Adding these to the 295 just mentioned, and deducting them from the total number of circulars issued, it appears that 2,740 of the latter were sent out to which no answer of any kind was returned. The principal question in the schedule which was answeied either affirmatively or negatively was as follows : ' Have any cases of illness, apparently attributable to the use of tinned foods, come under your notice within recent years f Classified according to the answers given to this question and by provinces, the 1,313 schedules above mentioned as having been filled up, show as follows : — From 'Yes.' 'No.' Total. Prince Edward Island 5 13 18 Nova Scotia , 27 77 104 New Brunswick. 10 74 84 Quebec , , . . . 66 322 388 Ontario 112 466 578 Manitoba 15 38 53 North-west Territories 9 9 18 British Columbia 10 60 70 254 1,059 1,313 Of the total number of replies received, 19*3 per cent were therefore in the affirma- tive. With reference to the negative replies, it has to be reported that the great majority of the physicians give these without comment. Some add remarks indicating scepti- cism as regards the prevalence of the cases of illness in question, and others state that nothing of the kind has come under their notice, although canned goods are very generally used in their districts. On the other hand, many evidently believe in the oc- currence of such cases outside of their own experience, because they account for the absence of cases by the fact that tinned foods are not generally used in their neighbour- hood, or that they discourage their use, and a great many offer suggestions (in response to query No. 6) as to the precautions to be used in the packing, storing and use of such articles. Among these suggestions, the following may be mentioned : — 1. The factories and the foodstuffs to be canned should be subject to inspection so as to ensure cleanliness in the former and good condition of ths latter. The use of muriate of tin, chloride of zinc or acid should not be permitted in soldering. After sealing, the tins should be inspected. 2. Imported canned goods should also be subject to inspection. 3. Vessels of glass or earthenware should be used instead of tins or cans. 4. The date of filling and the name of the factory and its proprietor should be stamped on the tin itself. 102 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 5. Printed warning should be given on the label of each tin against allowing any of the contents to remain in it after opening and against using the contents if it has any unusual taste or smell, or the can shows any other indications of decomposition. These indications should be described on the label. The purchasers should also be ad- vised to have the contents used up within 24 hours after opening. 6. The sale of canned goods should be prohibited after a certain lapse of time from the date of their manufacture. The periods suggested vary from six months to two years. 7. Canned goods should be kept in cold storage and never stored on grocer's shelves or exposed to the sun's rays or any high temperature. Such treatment of canned goods should be prohibited by law. It is necessaiy to note that, among these negative answers, there are to be found very decided statements that the writer has never met with any cases of illness from the use of canned goods during a very long period of practice. There are also warnings against embarrassing the canned goods manufacturers with foolish restrictions, and re- marks to the effect that the industry itself is of the greatest importance to the country, and an immense boon and advantage to the consumer. The canning system is said on the whole to be excellent, and to be constantly improving. Referring now to the affirmative replies, it must be said that the figures and details which they contain do not lend themselves to exact classification. In stating the num- ber of cases it is often done indefinitely, and sometimes the words, 'several ' and 'a few ' are used. Quite frequently no number at all is stated, no notes ov record having been kept. The number of cases actually given amounts to 970 for the whole Domi- nion. The ' period of observation ' sometimes means the whole time during which the physician has been practising, and in many other cases it extends back only a year or two. The average period I find to be seven years. The number of cases of disease ap parently attributable to the use of tinned goods would therefore average about 138 per annum in the whole of Canada. The total number of cases which terminated fatally amounted to 15 in the above mentioned average period. In reply to query No. 4, the answers are also indefinite, but interpreting them re- asonably, about 70 p.c. of the cases are attributed to ptomaine and 30 p.c. to metallic poisoning. As to the cause of the poisoning a great many of the medical men are can- did enough to say that they dont know. On the other hand numerous opinions have been expressed and among the causes to which the illnesses have been attributed the following are mentioned in the order of frequency : — I. The contents of the tin are said to have been too old. II. The contents were exposed too much to air after opening, and without being transferred to another vessel. III. Imperfect exclusion of air previous to opening. IV. Unsound character or inferior quality when originally packed. In response to query No. 6, the suggestions made are of the same nature as record- ed above in connection with the negative answers, and the following are given in addi- tion : — 8. Screws should be used in securing the boxes in which the tins are packed as ordinary nails sometimes happen to be driven through the tins causing access of air. 9. Vessels of porcelain or ' fibre ' are suggested as substitutes for tin plate, also wood with an impervious coating. As regards the conclusions which might be drawn from the inquiry, there appeared to be a unanimity of opinion, among the majority of the physicians who made returns, that the time of filling (month and year) and name of the manufacturer or canning factory should be stamped on the tins, and that this should be secured by legal enact- ment. A few months after the foregoing report was made some statements appeared in a Canadian newspaper to the effect that canned salmon of bad quality was not unfre- quently offered for sale in our markets. The attention of the department was specially called to these statements, which were in the form of editorial articles, and in conse- quence a collection of samples of canned salmon was ordered to be made in .June of last year, and submitted to the district analysts. The subjoined tabular statement shows ADULTERATION OF FOOD 103 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 the results of their examination. In all 100 samples were co .ected over a w..de extent of country and in the following places : — Halifax, N.S St. John, N.B ... Quebec Montreal Three Rivers Druminondville St. Anne de Beaupre. Richmond, P.Q Granby, P.Q Hull, P.Q Farnham, P.Q Aylmer, P.Q St. Hyacinthe, P.Q. . No. of Samples. Ottawa Toronto St. Catharines, Ont. . . . Clinton, Ont. Goderich, Out Hensall, Ont Exeter, Ont London, Ont Winnipeg, Man Vancouver, B.C . . New Westminster, B.C No. of Samples. 10 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 12 11 1 Total. 100 It will be observed from the table that traces of metallic contamination were found in about one-half the number of samples. These traces do not, however indicate any- thing to which exception can be taken, and even in the cases where 00009 p. c. and 0001 2 of lead were detected it is doubtful whether such very small quantitie.s are in- jurious to the consumer. This matter has been discussed in p;irt 8 of Bulletin No. 13, U.S. Department of Agriculture, but no conclusions seem yet to have been reached regarding the limits to be recommended as allowable in cases of metallic contamination. In 189'J the Italian Government amended the food law of that country so that amounts of copper not exceeding 100 millegranmies per kilo, are to be allowed in green preserved vegetables. This means 100 parts per million, while the quantities above mentioned of lead are only 9 and 12 parts per million, respectively. No addition of preservatives was discovered in any of the samples. The table also shows that not one of them has been challenged as unsound, unfit for food or calculated to be injurious to the consumer. Only three samples are men- tioned as having an objectionable odour, one of these being very bad and two samples are characterized as stale. Thus only 5 per cent at most of the samples collected were found to be in any degree doubtful so far as quality is concerned. On the whole, the examination shows that there is nothing in the canned salmon trade to justify the news- paper articles above referred to. I beg to recommend the publication of this report. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, THOMAS MACFARLANE, Chief A naiyst. 104 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Statement of the Results of Examining Name and Address of Name or Bra-d. Vendor. 1900. 16780. June 26.. 3 cans. 16781 16782 16783 J6784 16785 16786 16787 17716 17717 17718 17719 17720 17721 17722' 17723! 19936 199371 19938 I 19939. 199401 19941 19942 26.. 26..^ 26..; 26.. 26.. 26.. 26.. 19.. 19.. 19.. 19.. 20.. 20.. 20.. 20.. Official Analyst, M. cts. i Boiciaan, Halifax, • N.S. 0 36 ' Fresh Fraser River.' 0 45 ' Victory ' . . . 0 36j'Drysdale' 0 45|'Drysdale " 0 38 'Viceroy'.... 0 45j ' Skeena River ' 0 45l' Laurel ' 0 36 'Corn Flower'. Packer as shown on Label. M 22.. ., .. n 22.. „ .. M 22.. It .. 22.. 1 .. 25. .. 25.. M .. -. 25.. .. .. Halifax, N.S. J. P. .Buckley, Lower Water St. i F. Fleming, Pleasant St. McPherson & Hickey, I Vancouver. R. F. Forristall, Bir- Canoe Pass Canning Co., niingham St. Fraser River, B.C. V. Grant, Rottenburg u u . . St. R. Urquhart & Son, B.C. Canning Co., Victoria Spring (xarden Rd. W. .) . Hopgood, Spring Skeena River Packing Co., Garden Rd. Victoria, B.C. j M 1. . . Anglo B. C. Packing Co., I ^ Victoria. Crockett & Co I n m 0 36 'Capital' 0 36 ' Arbutus ' 0 34 'Royal Club' 0 60 'Golden Crown'.. 0 30 'Brand E' 0 45 Sterling St. John, N.B. Victoria Canning Co. ,15. C. 0 35 0 40 0 36 0 45 ' Chieftain ' ' Queen ' . . . Official Analyst, Dr. M. Fiset, Quebec. ' Warrior ' ' Laurul Wreath ' . . . W. F. Hatheway, 17 South Wharf. Northrup & Co., 23 South Wharf. Merritt Bros., Ward B. C. Canning Co St. Baird & Peters, 16iW. S. Loggie & Co., Chat- Ward St. j ham, N.B. G. S. De P\)rest & Sons, West Coast Fishing and 9 North Wharf. | Trading Co., B.C. Bowman & Ange vine, Lowe Inlet Packing Co., 28 Water St. Victoria, B:C. Gilbert Bent & Son, 5'Engli,sh Packing Co , B.C. South Wharf. G. M. & A. A. Barker, British American Packing 100 Princess St. Co., B.C. Drummoridvillc, Que. D. Hebert Pacific Packing Co I J. N. Turcott I Anglo B. C. Packing Co., i Ltd. Alontreal. 0 45 ' Horse Shoe ' 0 30 'Ocean' I ! 0 38 'Sunflower '. 0 .38 'C in <0>. 0 38 Jos. Beauchamp, 149 Vitre St. Tnree Rivers, Que. Richmond Canning Co. , Victoria. B.C. Malcolni & Wind.sor, Ste- veston, B.C. Duval & Bellefeuille, 41 North Coast Packing Co.. Desforges St. U. Carignan, 134 Des- Harlock Packing Co.. . forges St. O. Carignan et fils, 148j Skeena Packing Co. . . Desforges St. 1 ADULTERATION OF FOOD SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 100 samples of Canned Salmon. 105 Results of Analysis. Metallic Contamination. Preservatives. Copper. Lead None. Trace Traces. Non-.. Trace . Tin. Iron. Borax. None. . . Present. Present. None. . . Present. Trace . . Present. Salicylic Acid. None Condition of Fish and Colour, &c. Pale in colour but sound ; tin bright except a few dark spots. Pale in colour but sound ; tin very slightly blacken'd Fish good ; tin briglit with a few dark spots. Fish good ; tin showed a few dark spots. Fish good; tin bright except slight blacken'gon bottom Fish good ; tin bright . . Fish good ; tin slightly darkened on one side. Fish good; tin bright except a few dark spots. Fish good ; tin blackened on one side. Fish good ; tin bright, no spots. Fish good; tin bright except slight blacken'g'near seam Fish good ; tin bright except a few dark spots. Fish good ; a very few spots on tin. Fish sound but rather soft ; Tin slightly blackened on bottom. Taste and smell good, colour rather pale, sound and pretty firm. Taste and smell good, sound and firm, colour very pink. Taste and smell good, sound and firm. Peculiar smell, very pale iii colour, not very well pre- served. Taste and smell good, pale in colour, sound and pretty firm. Taste, smell and colour good, sound and firm. Official Analysts Remarks. 16780 16781 1G782 16783 16784 16785 16786 16787 17716 17717 17718 17719 17720 17721 17722 1772.S Unadulterated. 19936 19937 19938 19939 19940 19941 19942 Genuine. 106 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Statement of the Results of Examining o . Yellowish white, firm, and in good condition. Red, firm, good condition. 19928 19929 II II Traces. Traces. None. Yellowish white, firm, and in good condition. Red, firm, good condition. 19930 19931 110 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Statement of the Results of Examining o c 1900. 1936lljune 19.. 2 tins. 19362 19363 19364 19365 19366 19367 19368 19369 19370 19924 19925 19926 19927 17245 17246 17247 17248 17249 17250 19.. 19.. 19.. 20.. 20.. 20.. 20.. 21.. 21.. 18 . 18.. 18.. 19.. 20.. 20.. 20.. 20. 20.. 20.. 3 cans O I cts. 0 25 0 25 0 25 0 25 0 25 0 25 0 25 0 30 0 20 0 20 Name or Brand. Official Anahist, F. T. Harrison, London. •Royal Club' ' O, Wee, Kay, No ' . Queen Charlotte ' Golden Net '. ' Viceroy ' Triangle ' Name axd Address of Vendor. Clinton, Ont. Harrison Wiltse . F. Melville Godcrich, Ont. T. G. Tipling O. C. Whitely.... Hensal, Ont. E. Rannie ........ Exeter, Ont. Farmer Bros Clover Leaf '. . , ' Favorite ' ' Southern Cross ' 0 45 ' Clover Leaf '. 0 30L.C.F.C. in circle... 0 36 0 36 0 25 0 35 0 40 0 35 0 40 0 35 ' Lynx '. . 'Excelsior ' Official Analyst, E. B. Kenrick, Winnipeg. ' Ocean ' ' Neptune ' ' Capital ' ' Red Rose ' ' Maple Leaf ' ' Snow Shoe ' J. A. Sheward London, Ont. Turville & Nicholas, 125 Dundas St. Mrs. George, 58 Dun das St. St. Hyacinthe, P.Q. S. Bourgeois & Co O. Brodeur.. T. G. Bourgeois. Montreal. L. P. Forrest, 1978 St. Catherine. Winniper/. Kenneth Mackenzie & Co, Codville & Co. Packer as shown on LaVjel. B C. Canning Co. , Victoria Lowe Inlet Pkg. Co., B.C. B. C. Canning Co Windsor Canning Co., B.C Packed at Lulu Island, B. C. Namu Cannery, B.C. Packed at Lulu Island, B. C. Anglo British Pkg. Co., B. C. Excelsior Pkg. Co., Lad- ner's Landing, B.C. Malcolm & Windsor, Steveston, B.C. Skeena River Pkg. Co., Victoria, B.C. Victoria Canning Co R. Ward & Co., Victoria, B.C. Delta Canning Co., Vic- toria, B.C. R. Ward & Co., Victoria B.C. ADULTERATION OF FOOD SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 100 Samples of Canned Salmon — Continued. HI Results of Analysis. Condition of Fish and Colour, &c. r5 "o d Metallic Contamination. Preservatives. Official Analyst's Remarks. Copper. Lead. Tin. Iron. Borax. Salicylic Acid. ^ None. None. Trace. None. Trace. None. None. Odour good, flesh good colour and firm ; can not corroded. Odour good, flesh rather light, firm and apparently in good condition ; can not corroded. Odour good, flesh good colour and firm, ntjt cor- roded. Odour good, flesh rather light colour, fairly firm ; can not corroded. Odour good, colour normal, 19361 19362 19363 19364 19365 Not adulterated. If flesh firm ; can not cor- roded. „ „ „ M „ Odour good, flesh good 19366 colour and firm ; can not corroded. Acciden tally lost jiortion reserved „ ,, Odour good, flesh very light 19367) for these tests. coloured and rather soft, can not corroded. None. Slight trace. None. Trace. None. Trace. Odour good, colour good, flesh firm ; can not cor- roded. Odour good, flesh rather light and not very firm. Odour good, flesh firm and good colour ; can not cor- roded. 19368 19369 19370 19924 II „ None. None. ,, M II 19925 Very Trace. Trace. u ri 1 Odour good, flesh rather 19926 II slight light, firm and apparently trace. good ; can slightly dark- ened in spots. None. 11 Traces. None. Odour good, colour good, flesh fairly firm ; can not corroded. Colour very pale Colour pale, bitter taste . . . 19927 17245 17246 17247 „ Col >ur pale, unpleasant 17248 II odour. Ofgood colour and generally good quality. 17249 " ,, 17250 broken up and pale in " coloui', otherwise in good condition. 112 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Statement of the Results of Examininsc 17251 17252 17253 17254 17255 17256 20196 20197 20198 20199 20200 21501 21502 21503 21504 21505 21506 21507 O 1900. .Tune 20. 20. 20. 20. 20. 20. O" 3 cans . 20. . ]2 cans 20 20 20 20 20. 20. 21.. 21. 21. 21. 21. O Name of Brand. Official Analyst, E.B. Kenrick, Winnipeg. Clover Leaf '. Blue Jacket ' Buffalo' •S cts. 0 35 0 40 0 35 0 30 0 35 0 40 0 20 0 25 0 20 0 20 0 20 0 20 0 20 'Trident'. 'Eagle' Official Analyst, Dr. C. J. Pagan, B.C. ' Fraser River ' ' Princess ' ' Moss Rose ' ' Fraser River ' ' Imperial " ' Signal Name and Address of Vendor. Packer as shown on Label. Winnipeg. Coc\ ille & Co . . , Lowe Inlet Pkg. Co., Victoria, B.C. Packed at Lulu Island, B.C. The English Bay Canning Co., Vancouver, B.C. Bon Accord Fishery Co., B.C. Imperial Pkg. Co., Van- couver, B.C. John Morrin & Co. . . . Victoria Canning Co., B.C. Vancouver, B.C. Welsh & Nightingale C. Uichida J. Donald & Co. . . . E. Clayton Edgett & Co . , ..... Dunsmuir Island Canning Co., B.C. A. H. Keeping Pacific Pkg. Co. F. Filion. C. G. Hobson & Co., Vancouver. Goodmurphy Dinsmore Pkg. Co., B.C. 0 25 'Triangle' .W. H. Walsh [ j 0 25 ' Viceroj' ' jMcCracken & Beath. . . 0 25| ' Wnrzburgs ' I Mrs. Fleming 0 20 'Lily ' 'C. Mowat B. C. Canning C.T. Wurzburg & Co., Van- I couver, B.C. .Anglo American Canning 0 20 ' Golden Net ' H. Harvey, New West- Columbia Pkg. Co. I minster. ADULTERATION OF FOOD SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 100 Samples of Canned Salmon — Concluded. 113 Results of Analysis. Metallic Contamination. Copper. Lead. Tin. Traces Iron. Preservatives. Borax. None. Tin present None. Salicylic Acid Condition of Finh and Colour, &c. Good colour and quality. . . Contents of can in finely divided state and of a jjale colour. Contents of' tin rather broken up and of light colour. Of good colour and quality Pale in colour and much broken up. Red salmon, sweet smell, in good condition. White salmon, no odour but not very fresh. Red salmon, sweet and fresh. Red salmon, stale Red salmon, odour very bad, old fish, soft and broken down. Red salmon, in fair condi- tion, odour slightly stale. Red salmon, sweet, firm and in good condition. White salmon trout, con- dition fair. Red salmon, sweet, fresh and in good condition. Red salmon, in good con- dition. 17251 17252 17253 17254 17255 17256 201fl6 201P7 20198 20199 20200 21501 21502 21503 21504 21505 21506 21507 Official Analyst's Remarks. Genuine. 14—8 1-2 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 A. 1902 APPENDIX O. BULLETIN No. 77— EFFERVESCENT SODIUM PHOSPHATE. Ottawa, June 15, 1901. W. J. Gerald, Esq., Deputy Minister of Inland Revenue. Sir, — In December last, in consequence of a recommendation from Mr. A. McGill, B.A., my assistant, a collection was made of samples of Effervescent Sodium Phosphate a medicinal preparation described in the British Pharmacopoeia. Sixty-four samples were in all collected and submitted to the district analysts for examination. Their re- sults and opinions, as well as the names of the vendors, are given in the subjoined Table No. I. It will be observed that, in this table, the column which in previous reports has been headed : ' Name and address of manufacturer or furnisher as given by vendor,' has been altered and reads in the table referred to : ' Name and address of manufacturer as shown by label.' This change has been made in consequence of a deci- sion by your predecessor, to whom complaints bad been made that, occasionally, some injustice had been suffered by wholesale merchants in consequence of incorrect informa- tion supplied by the parties who sold the samples. Out of the 64 samples analysed only 13, or 20 per cent, have been found to be genuine by the district analysts. The greater number of the adulterated samples have been so characterized, because they do not correspond with the requirements of the British Pharmacopoeia. I subjoin herewith Mr. McGill's report along with Table II. appended to it, and have to recommend the publication of the whole report now submitted. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, THOMAS MACFARLANE, Chief Analyst. 115 14-8^ U6 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 TABLE Results of the Examination of 64 Samples o 1900. Dec. 26 20021 O" 12 oz. 28] 2002212 .. ... 19 20023 20024 20025 1775C 17757 17758 201 17759 21 17760 O 3bots . 3 .. . 12 oz... 3 bots. 12 oz... S ct.s. 1 25 1 50 1 50 19763 2 bots 19764 2 19 19765 20 19766 2fy 19767 I 27| 19768 28i 19769 28 19770 Ibot.. 1 n . Sept. 28' 19771; 1 .. . 29 19772 f lb . . 7 19967, 2 bots Name and Audee.ss of Vendor. Manufacturer, as shown by Label on Bottles. Official Analyst, M. Bowman, Halifax, N.S. Kentville, N.S. R. S. Masters Truro, N.S. Crowe Bros. Halifax, N.S. G. r. Colwell.... 1 25i Buckley Bros 1 50 G. A. Burbridge , 0 75 St. John, N.B. Parke, Davis & Co., Walkerville, Ont. J. Wyeth Bros., Philadelphia, U.S.A. I The Canadian Drug Co., Ltd., 60, The Toronto Drug Company Prince William St. 1 50JSilas McDiarmid, King St 1 20 Geo. A. Moore, 109 Brussel St. . 0 75 Hazen J. Dick, 144 Charlotte St 0 75 The Canadian Drug Co., Ltd. Chandler & Massey, Toronto and Mon- treal. Official Analyst, Dr. M. Fise.t, Quebec. Quebec. 1 00 Laroche & Co., Fabrique St. . . , 1 00 W. Brunet & Co., 139 St. Joseph St. 0 .50 V. Giroux, St. Peter St 0 78 J. E. Livemois, Fabrique St. . 0 70 J. E. Dube, St. John St 1 00 St. Hyacinthe. Eugene St. Jacques, Cascade St. Sherbrooke, P. Q. J. Wyeth Bros.. Philadelphia. H. K. Warn pole & Co., Philadelphia. Wyeth Bros. , Philadelphia Lyman, Sons & Co., Montreal . . Wyeth Bros., Philadelphia Lyman, Sons & Co., Montreal . H. K. Mulford & Co., Philadelphia and Chicago. 0 50 E. C. Fraser, Commercial St. 0 50 H. K. Wampole & Co., Philadelphia . . . H. K. Mulford & Co., Philadelphia and I j Chicago. 1 00 W. H. Griffith, 121 Wellington St. Wyeth Bros., Philadelphia 1 00 J. C. Sutherland, Main St j .. 0 50 W.H.Griffith, 121 WeUington St.! ADULTERATION OF FOOD 117 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 of Effervescent Sodium Phosphate. Results op Analysis. ' s m d < .2 C ,o oPh -c — 73, O Soda I ^ a if o iicarb. si 'a o a & t3 3 Remarks by Official Analyst. p. c. p. c. p. c. p. c. p. C. p. c. 5-27 50-25 39-21 ... 20021 Below standard in sodium phosphate. 802 48-57 35-39 20022 7-85 42-37 51 15 49-68 41-93 37-59 39 06 20023 20024 20025 5-63 M II 5-63 M |. 412 45-37 46 39 17756 536 52-29 42-56 44-44 36-99 40-80 43 -72 17757 17758 17759 832 11 5-92 11 11 4-97 43-31 46 -75 17760 8-69 G-01 45-00 49-87 Present. 50-32 49-68 33 02 33 08 19763 19764 Genuine. Somewhat low in sodium phosphate, otherwise good. 1-53 614 300 35 06 50-25 35-25 :: ■ 35 -.53 50-48 35-70 24-43 34-93 20-52 19765 197 (ill 19767 Much below the B. P. standard. Rather low in sodium phosphate, otherwise good. Much below the B. P. standard. 15-85 30-44 „ . 29-94 23-29 19768 Very high in sodium phosphate. 902 15 70 47 10 36-38 !! ■ 51-91 28 90 25-39 21-67 19769 19770 Genuine. Very high in sodium phosphate. 614 416 •2-81 50-02 46-35 53-55 " 50 10 47-40 36-63 .35-03 29-40 19771 19772 19967 Rather low in sodium phosphate, otherwise good. Below B. P. standard in sodium phosphate. Adulterated, being greatly below the B. P. standard sodium phosphate. 118 INLAND BE VENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 TABLE Results of the Examination of 64 Samples of C3 03 t (S o m H- o S >» ^ c ij Name axd Address of Vendor. Manufacturer, as shown by Label on Bottle. 1900. Dec. 14 .. 14 M 14 M 17 M 18 Dec. 19753 19754 19755 6 oz. 2 bots. 197561 6oz... 19757 2 bots. Ibot. 5 oz.. . 181 19758 18' 19759 18 19760 2 bots. 18, 19761. „ . 19762 Sept. 1 20762 Soz 20801 20802 20803 21: 20804 21. 20805 21 : 20806 Soz 221 20807 M 22 20808 .. 22! 2O8O9II60Z.., .. 22 20810 10 oz... Sept. 6 20777 12 OZ... Dec. 18 .. 18 19424 19425 19426 19427 12 OZ. 12 „ . $ cts. 0 .50 0 50 0 50 0 60 0 75 1 00 0 50 0 75 0 83 0 70 0 50 0 75 0 25 Official Analiist, Dr. F. X. Valade, Ottavxt. Montreal. H. Lebeau, 466 St. .James St. John T. L3'ons, 2 Bleury L. A. Bernard, 1882 St Catherine St. J. H. Charron, 1978 Notre Dame St. Leeraing, Miles & Co., St Sul- pice St. Kerrv Watson & Co., St. Paul St. T. E. Huot, St. Catherines St... . Parke, Davis & Co., St. Paul St. Davis, Lawrence & Co., St. An- toine St. Evans & Sons, St. Jean Baptiste, Ottawa. G. Kennedy, Druggi.st. Toronto. F. W. McLean, 121 Church St. . . J. F. Taylor, 144 Queen E 0 60iR. Robin.«on, 216 Queen E. 0 35 0 30 0 50 1 00 1 00 0 80 0 50 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 0 80 G. A. Bingham, 100 Yonge St. . . G. C. Harbottle, 135 King W. . . Burgess, Powell & Co. , Yonge St. Peterborough . Ormond & Walsh, Druggist W. Madill, Druggist H. H. Edniison, Diniggist. J. Nugent, Druggist J. D. Tully, Druggist Official Analyst, F. T. Harrison, London, Ont. Stratford, Ont. E. C. Nasmyth . H. W. Thomson London, Ont. Cairncross & Lawrence, 216 Diin- das St. C. McCallum & Co., cor. Rich- mond St. Lyman, Sons & Co., Montreal. Alfred Bishop Co. , London, England . , Vendors Wyeth Bro.s., Philadelphia ' Whites, ' Queen City Drug Co., Agents. Lyman Eros. & Co. , Toronto ... H. K. Warn pole & Co., Philadelphia. Wyeth Bros, , Philadelphia H. K. Mulford & Co., Philadelphia Wyeth Bros., Philadelphia Wyeth Bros., Philadelphia. Parke, Davis & Co W. H. Allen, Windsor, Ont . ADULTERATION OF FOOD 119 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 — Continued. EflFervescent Sodium Phosphate — Continued. Results of Analysis. GQ O J3 P4 p. C. 4-80 5-65 1-50 4-50 4-37 720 2 -.50 9-20 5-65 9-30 s m -o u ,; T) <1-2 '3 O c3 f soda — with addition of a standard soda solution to exact neutralization. Of course, if the soda is already present in excess, sulphuric acid must be added in excess, carbonic acid boiled off, and the resulting solution carefully neutralized. On evaporating to dryness and charring, the organic acids furnish an equivalent amount of carbonates, from which they may be calculated as tartaric acid without much error. It is necessary to make at least a qualitative test for citric acid, since this has a higher market value than tartaric, and in cases where judged desirable it may be well to estimate the tartaric acid directly as acid potassium salt. The carbonate of soda existing as such may be estimated by determining the car- bonic acid gas liberated by solution in water — with addition of acid, if necessary. This estimation gives an idea of the extent to which deterioration of the article by keeping has taken place. The original bi-carbonate of soda present is calculated from the same data which furnish the total organic acids. Of course, where considerable deterioration has taken place, the expressing of original bicarbonate of soda, as a percentage on the sample purchased, will give a number much in excess of the fact, and will cause the sum of phos- phate soda, organic acids and (original) bi-carbonate soda to add to more than 100. The maximum error that may result from this mode of expressing results may be about 15 to 20 per cent. In the accompanying table II., this is the interpretation to be put upon the numbers larger than 100 in the column headed 'Sum.' Where the number contained in this column is considerably less than 100, it is probably because sugar, or other component, has not been estimated. Where the number is exactly 100, it means A IJ UL TERA TION OF FOOD 125 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 that one of the components has not been directly estimated, but expressed by differ- ence. It is probable that the bicarbonate of soda is so expressed ; and, in this case, the number given would stand for residual bi-carbonate of t?oda, and will include sugar, etc., if present. It will be seen that Mr. Bowman has returned his analytical results in this way. 126 INLAND REVENUES 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 I S C; O X ' t^ i_^ ij; r' 12 ^ £ S 5 "^ 2c -5 Zt "^1 "^ ^ " — 2} t^ — -' ^1 S — S S ^ •c so C<) l^ — X ~ ■ OXIOGC-*'O©C©'fOO©O©00S<)1500OO-*iO0CC ©©©©©c<5©^c<5i^occc^i^ir:'Mxc^x©-r^©©©.-i©coc;o ?i -^ r^ r; X — t^ — cc t^ ?^ t~ i^ -^ — :c tc .-- -r t^ c. — — . ^ -r ri cc r. o o •*'-i--i'"S"fTj-.f'*^'*-r-}--i'ir:-r cCI '— ^ t — rr^. ef^ ^a -I'^'^IM 10'»'©'J'C— CC-rSiHIM©-*— t-'M»~e'5C<5 "<;©s;b-coe<5>-c c^Mia-Hc^xccioioicc'iirintcccirsini— loxot— --r-iiM — xsots -r iC 3C iS ■^ S5 :S © 13 O ^ iS © -V -if iS -^ •* Tj" t^ ri — iC C-. X — 1— -^ ( '" " ' ~ ^ecocio^foxt-oo 0 2, tfi i~ X © © -r 1 iS m iK ir; i= C'l ?i ?) c^i ra 'M ccic: . — c-^ cc ?^ -t ir; © I ■ X © © — ci CO -r 1 ;©r-X©©— '■Mr-CICO-^in t-_ i^ I- 1^ i^ - : © © © © © © ! i©©©©©©©©©©© — ©©©©©©©O 1-1 .-H t-( i-H rl 1-1 5^1 fl M 1-1 S^ •aaqoinv^ : 1^ X © © — •M ! « •ri.': © t^ X © © 1-1 'M c: M rj ?) rj r^ !■] ?] M CO CO ec ADULTERATION OF FOOD 127 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 ?^ ~ ^ '^ ^ ^ '*t~. O50000O0 5-*'iM^O CO lO OO O -5 "^ i-i CO CO 05000CO S^O-^CO II II II 11"=- 1! II i: II o w o Oi ■ • •* S<) CD ■ • t^ t^ t-l • • .-icD-ts Manufacturer "o "o B Vendor. or Furnisher as given CS d I o by Vendor. Q ^ & o 1901. .$ cts. St. Johns, Que. Feb. 21 19793 3 lbs 0 25 Pure white lead J. A. Lomme, Richelieu Dominion Oil Cloth Co., street. Montreal. „ 21 19794 3 0 24 „ C. O. Gervais, Richelieu P. D. Uods & Co., Mont- street. real. .. 21 19795 3 0 24 Pure Alex. Godin L. Lafleur, Montreal .... Three Rivers, Que. 1, 22 19796 3 0 24 Chemically pure white Josh. Godin et fils, 10, J. Robertson Co., Ltd., lead. Forges street. Montreal. ,. 22 19797 3 , 0 21 Seal brand strictly pure. Panneton & Blouin . . . Quebec. Sherwin & Williams, Montreal. „ 27 19798 3 m 0 30 Pure Lapointe & Lapointe, P. D. Dods & Co., Mont- 100 Crown street. real. „ 27 19799 3 M 0 30 1 jGauthier & Frere, St. Henderson & Potts, Hali- i Joseph street. fax, N.S. „ 27 19800 3 0 25 'L. C. Giguere, 314 St. Joseph street. P. D. Dods & Co., Mont- real. - 27 19801 3 0 25 II taken from 200 Pouliot & Gervais, 402 lbs barrel. St. Joseph street. Official Analyst, Dr. F. \ X. Valade, Ottawa. Ottawa. .. 14 20811 4 lbs 0 32 Warranted pure ; from John Storr, 404 Bank 25 lb. keg; associa- St. tion No. 503690. Wm. Hill, Montreal „ 14 20812 3^ lbs 0 25 Chemically pure ; asso- Thos. Birkett & Son, ciation No. 54.583.S. . Bank St. Montreal Rolling Mills Company. ,. 14 20813 3 tins (6 lbs.) 0 60 Not guaranteed „ m " •• u 14 20814 3 tins (3 0 30 jW. Graham, Bank St. British North America lbs.) n 14 20815 5 lbs. from 0 50 Guaranteed to be abso- Geo. Philbert, 97 Clar- P. D. Dods & Co., Mont- 25 lb. keg. lutely pure. ence St. i real. » 14 20816 25 lb. can. 1 85 " Decorators " pure . . . O'Connor & O'Callag- \< n . . han Co., 819 Bank St. Brockville, Ont. 1 „ 15 20818 4 lbs. from 0 32 Anchor Decorative.. . . A. G. Dobbie , A ob M rk 'Ed £ .2 > '53 ^ i a; o O '^ ^ -S H C4-I O fi-g a So Fees Year. o -^ •^ bo 11 IS 1— < ^ .5-2 "S'Sc c 5 S go .12 ^5 Received. 1-3 ^ C O H u I— 1 O H O SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 The above tables refer only to animals inspected by veterinary inspectors tinder quarantine regulations. Several tbousands of Canadian cattle were shipped via the United States ports of Portland and Boston. As will be seen by inspectors' reports, the health of all classes of stock continues exceptionally good, only 79 cattle, 72 sheep and 45 horses were detained at the shipping ports, most of which were subsequently sent forward. Animals rejected during the year at the port of Montreal. For actinomycosis . II injuries . . . . II strangles ... . II influenza II mange Total , Cattle. 2 74 Sheep. 49 49 Horses. 21 23 44 Animals rejected at port of St. John, N.B. Cattle. Sheep. 1 II foul in foot 1 1 1 22 Total - 2 23 1 It is pleasing to note that breeders in all parts of the Dominion are improving their herds by using pure bred bulls the effect of which especially in the Territories and Manitoba is very marked in the quality of the herds. Large numbers of pedigreed bulls have been placed on the ranges, and the old scrub range bull has almost entirely disappeared. The bulls most in demand are Shorthorns and Galloways; the latter have proved highly satisfactory, being found prolific and hardy. I have much pleasure in reporting that the duties of inspection were satisfactorily performed at the shipping ports by M. C. Baker, D.V.S., C. McEachran, D.V.S., and B. A. Sugden, D.V.S., at Montreal ; by J. A. Couture, D.V.S., at Quebec ; by William Jakeman, D.V.S., at Halifax, N.S. ; by J. H. Frink, V.S., at St. John, N.B. ; at Charlottetown, P.E.I., by A. E. Leckie, M.E.C.V.S., and at Svmimerside, P.E.I., by W. H. Pethick. Y.S. 15—5 B6 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 EXPOKTATIOISr FROM MANITOBA AlTD THE NORTH-WEST TERRITORIES. In compliance with a request, I have been furnished by the general freight traffic manager of the Canadian Pacific Railway with the following statement of cattle, sheep, horses and swine carried by them from Manitoba and the Territories to Montreal for shipment, for twelve months, ending October 31, 1901 : — Cattle, 31,456 ; Horses, 1,057. It will be observed that this is a marked decrease in the number of cattle exported from the west. This is attributed by some to the wet late summer, followed by a very bad fly-season, which kept the cattle from fattening. Notwithstanding this the heaviest J cattle yet shipped from Alberta were sent to the Klondike among the first shipments this summer. One steer is reported to have been shipped recently which weighed over a ton. STOCKERS. A large number of yearling stockers were put on the Alberta grazing ranges during "* the past summer, nearly 20,000 head — bought mostly in Manitoba and Ontario — and the prospects are that this branch of ranching will increase. Ranchmen should con- sider well before expending their capital in stockers, especially the essential points, 1st, the provision for winter feeding — unless they have large fenced fields, roomy yards and comfortable sheds or close brush, with at least a ton of hay per head for yearlings, they should not buy this class of stock. 2nd. of equal importance is it to see that they are well-bred and of beef strains, Shorthorn, Hereford, Polled Angus or Galloway •crosses by preference. Dairy strains no matter how cheap they appear to be bought will be a disappointment and their presence in a herd depreciates the whole lot. Ranch- men should not receive stockers too early in the season. The farmer and the middleman xdll want to get them off their hands as soon as the snow disappears, and too often these domestic yearlings, having been warmly housed and indifferently fed, are shipped to the ranches and turned loose, before the grass has started, to perish in large numbers in the eaily spring snowstorms, or from eating larkspur or other poisonous plants which come up before the grasses. The first of June is early enough to have them arrive. They should be in good healthy and strong condition before being but on cars to enable them to stand the fatigue of a long journey. They should be frequently fed en route ; we have known of heavy losses owing to too long fasts. They will winter better and pay in the end better if they are at least twelve months old before being sent to the ranges. It is every one's duty to do his best to keep up the reputation of Canadian steers which hitherto has been high ; to do this we must have them well bred. It is seldom a well bred steer is cut back at shipping time. IMPORTATIONS— MARITIME CATTLE QUARANTINES. Cattle. Horses. Sheep. Levis Quarantine, Quebec 390 13 1 1 1,108 63 6 11 Halifax, KS.. 8 3 Charlottetown, P.E.I 1 1,109 Total. . 405 17 74 CATTLE QUARANTINE 67 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 Of these 141 cattle, 727 sheep and 5 swine were for the United States. Seven calves were born in quarantine, two of which died. Twelve cattle were tested with tuberculin, without reaction. It is satisfactory to note that no disease of a contagious nature was found to exist among any of the imported stock. I have pleasure in reporting that the duties of inspection at the quarantines were satisfactorily performed by J. A, Couture, D.V.S., Point Levis ; William Jakeman, D.V.S., Halifax, N.S. ; J. H. Frink, V.S., St. John, N.B.; and by A. A. Leckie, M.K.C.V.S., Charlottetown, P.E.I. IMPOETATION FEOM THE UNITED STATES AT FOLLOWING PORTS. Horses. Cattle. Sheep. Swine. Mules. St. John, N.B 1 4 18 10 900 169 2,942 103 3,993 11 13 7 1 89 39 391 Niagara, Ontario 3 *Point Edward, Ontario .... ""704" 246 2,984 555 1,492 Windsoi', Ontario 1 114 103 57 8,560 11,486 41,565 7,614 487 319 Emerson, Manitoba Gretna, Manitoba 4 2 North Portal, Assiniboia Maple Creek, Assiniboia 101 Coutts, Alta . . Cardston, Alta .■ 9 12 Nelson, B.C Grand Forks, B.C Victoria, B.C 271 193 212 95 45 37 "43 1 4 1 4 * There also passed through this port 18 head of cattle and 255 sheep, returning from Fat Stock Exhibition at Chicago. HORSE RAISING IN CANADA. The introduction of electric and other motors some years ago led to the idea being widely entertained that we had entered on a 'horseless age,' and that hence- forth horse-breeding would become a thing of the past — and to a certain extent the bicycle craze, the motor carriage, but more especially the application of electricity to motor power, in some measure justified this scare, for such it proved to be. During the past five years horse-breeding as a special effort has been almost entirely given up — not only on the farms of the older settled districts of Canada, but on the stock ranges of the western prairies. Already as a result of this, and owing to the exportation of a few thousands annually, there is a dearth of good horses, which are largely in demand, and readily bring good prices when found. I am safe in saying that good horses will bring to-day double what they would have been sold for three or four years ago, and in many instances a much greater increase in value has been experienced. It is encouraging to observe that many of our most energetic, far-seeing agriculturists are turning their attention to horse-breeding, both in the east and in the west, and such experienced business men know what they are about, and will follow the proper lines in what they do. There are many who breed horses in Canada to whom a few practical suggestions may prove useful, and to them the following hints are addressed. When you breed, breed to suit your market, and breed what will command the highest price in that market. Buyers will search for what will fill their orders, whether it be a race horse, a trotter, a park hack, a lady's horse, a hunter, a roadster, a carriage or harness horse of 1.5 -5i 68 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 any description, including draught horses, light or heavy, and will pay the highest price for the best horse. Aside from the cost of the mare and service of the stallion, the expenses incurred in raising a horse to five years old is the same whether he is a good one or a bad one, a high-pricsed one, or a dear-at-any-price one ; therefore, when you breed, breed the best. BREEDING STOCK. Xo one disputes the advantages of pure-blood ; * blood will tell ' is a truism well understood by hor^e men. In using a sire, whatever breed you decide on, see to it that there is no flaw in his pedigree. * The sire is half the herd,' is another saying of great practical meaning, well understood among breeders. Where expedient, the mare should be, if not pure bred, at least a cross of the same breed as the stallion, violent crossing — such as a thoroughbred mare being served by a Clyde stallion — should on no consideration be practised. Let the farmer mate his mare with a stal- lion most likely to produce a saleable type, if circiimstances necessitate crossing. POINTS COMMON TO ALL GOOD HORSES. The following points in conformation should be found in stallions and brood mares : They should be vigorous, active specimens of their breed, of full size (under- sized animals should not be selected for breeding, the tendency is to become smaller) ; therefore, select full-sized breeding stock, but avoid overgrown ones. The colour should be dark. Light, faded colours indicate weakness of constitution, and are undesirable to breed from. CONFORMATION. The head should be of medium size of the breed ; it should be pleasing to the eye, the forehead wide, the eyes large and prominent ; it should be well set on to the neck, with a clean-cut out throat. The neck long and the crest full rather than the reverse (^ Ewe neck')j the withers high, the back short, the quarters wide,, with weU- muscled hips and thighs, tail straight and well set on, orifices small and firm, the ribs rovmded and deep, the chest deep, the girth large, the muscles of the chest and shoulder well developed. The width of the chest should vary with the breed, but it should not be narrow in any breed. The legs should be symmetrical ; crooked hocks, bent knees, light bone, small or contracted feet, should be avoided. The feet vary with the breed, but in every breed they should be proportionate to the size of the animal, should neither be too wide nor too narrow ; the horn should be of good texture and capable of resisting friction when barefooted, and of securely retaining a shoe when shod. Action is all important and counts a good deal in the value of any kind of horse ; in front it should be bold and free, with prompt lifting of the foot from the ground ; flexing the knee freely (knee action) and putting the foot down fearlessly. Behind, the prompt free lift of the foot, the free flexion of the hock (hock action) and the fearless swing of the foot and limb forward should be looked for in the sire and dam. SIRES AND DAMS WHICH SHOULD NOT BE BRED FROM. Blind stallions or mares, subjects of what is known as Specific Ophthalmia, a disease notorioxisly hereditary ; subjects of navicular disease, ringbone, spavin or broken wind ; having small * crow eyes,' narrow foreheads, short necks, long backs. CATTLE QUARANTINE 69 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 narrow hips or chests, long legs, light bone, bad tempers. Mares which are poor milkers will not pay to breed from, as the foal is usually stunted from want of milk. The observance of these few hints in selecting sire and dam may prevent much vexatious disappointment in the result of breeding horses. The future market of Canadian horses is now assured ; let us breed the best only, and obtain the highest market price and a ready sale for our stock because of its superior quality. GLANDEES. It is gratifying to be able to report that glanders may be said not to exist at the present time so far as is known to the department in any of the older provinces ; during the past year only two cases were reported in Ontario — none in Quebec or the maritime provinces. It is occasionally seen in British Columbia, 3 horses having been shot on this account at Nelson. It continues to prevail to some extent in the North- west Territories and in Manitoba, thus : — SHOT FOR GLANDERS. Manitoba. North-west Territories. 1897-98 97 96 1898-99 118 1899-1900 80 91 1900-1901 75 90 There is no doubt that this is a very serious matter, and constitutes a serious menace to the horse breeding industry in the west. For several years in nay annual report I have pointed out that the source of infection was the States to the south of the Territories — whence cheap ponies were frequently imported and sold to settlers and ranchmen. The most careful inspector may fail to discover the disease in its early stages. I beg to call your attention to what Commissioner Perry says in his report on this subject : ' There is one subject that demands attention and that is the ' importation of a worthless class of horses by half-breeds and Indians. They go ' south of the line and acquire a certain number of ponies which they smuggle into * the Territories. Apart from these being an undesirable class of animal, they are not * inspected by any veterinary surgeon and as a consequence glanders or other inf ec- * tious or contagious diseases can be introduced.' During the Klondike boom large numbers of such worthless ponies were brought into the Territories, and much disease was thus spread among range horses; large ntmibers also found their way into Manitoba, and still continue to be imported there, — hence the prevalence of glanders in that province, notwithstanding the active efforts of the provincial government to stamp it out. During the past summer, this subject has received special attention at the hands of the Mouuted Police and the officers of your department but the inspection of semi-wild ponies in bands on the open prairie is sourrounded by so many difficulties that inspection cannot be relied upon except when the animals show clinical symptoms. Corrals have been ordered to be built at North Portal and arrangements are required to be made at other points ' to provide conveniences for thorough inspection and mallein testing when necessary. I would also suggest that the importation of cheap and dangerous horses be dis- couraged by imposing a minimum valuation for customs duty of $50 per head and the prohibiting the entry of the entire band in which glanders is found to exist, all found diseased to be killed without compensation. The great increase in numbers and values of horses in the west in the near future, requires that some such measure be adopted for the prevention of this plague. 70 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 If horse-breeding is to get the encouragement to which it is entitled, and if we woiild develop and retain our export markets we must extirpate this disease, and prevent it from being brought into the country. The following bulletin on glanders will be distributed freely throughout the country for the purpose of informing breeders of its nature, symptoms and means of diagnosis. We hope it will be carefully read and its suggestions acted upon. GLANDEKS IN HOESES. Now that the suitability of Canada for horse-raising has been demonstrated, and the excellence of Canadian horses has been proved by the severest tests, this country henceforth will be looked to as a field for purchasing of horses by all the European countries, both for civil and military purposes. The enormous advances in values within the past three years, owing to increased demand and scarcity of good horses elsewhere, should induce our farmers and ranchmen to recommence horse breeding without loss of time so that we may retain the demand for our produce and increase our output. Unfortunately in a few instances horses purchased by Imperial officers for remounts were foiind to be affected by glanders, a contagious disease which is known to exist to a limited extent especially in the western portion of the Dominion, Manitoba and the Territories, due very largely to the importation from the south of cheap ponies which are constantly being brought into the country and sold to farmers throughout the west. This bulletin has been written with the object of informing those interested of the nature of the disease, means of recognizing it and what each should do to prevent its introduction and arrest its extension; and the Minister of Agriculture hopes that the efforts being made by the official veterinarians and mounted police officers will be sec- onded by every horse breeder and agriculturist in Canada, as it requires the combined efforts of all concerned to accomplish the desired end. GLANDEKS AND FARCY. Glanders and farcy are one and the same disease, both are due to a specific virus. They may occur independently or may co-exist, and may be acute or chronic. The horse, ass and mule are most susceptible. It has also been produced in the dog, lion, goat, sheep, pig, cat, guinea pig and pigeon by inoculation. It is readily communicated to man by inoculation; and grooms with sores on their hands frequently contract the disease from horses which they may be attending. It is due to a rod-shaped straight or slightly curved bacillus with round ends, called the hacillus mallei, which is aerobic, that is, requires oxygen of the air to live and thrive. It is found in the discharges from the nose, in pus of ulcers, in farcy buds, in tubercles when found in the lungs, in diseased glands, and less frequently in the blood when the disease assumes the acute form. SYMPTOMS AND DIAGNOSIS. Occasionally the symptoms in chronic cases are obscure. In acute cases they are pronounced, consisting of rigors, fever, swelling of the glands in the submaxillary region, often farcy buds along the course of the lymphatics of the hind legs or shoulders ; a leaden colour of the mucous membrane of the nostrils, and in later stages, patches of congestion, erosions and ulcers which have depressed mouse-eaten-like centres, raised edges surrounded by a red areola and discharging a sanious pus. The localization of the lesions (chancres and tubercles) occur in the membrane lining the nostrils and CATTLE QUARANTINE 71 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 upper air passages, in the larynx and lungs. In true glanders, the submaxillary glands are enlarged, hard and attached to the sides of the jaw. The lesions are fre- quently confined to one nostril — the discharge from which is constant, though seldom excessive, but always adhesive, often of heavy specific gravity sinking in water, and in advanced stages it is offensive and mixed with blood indicating the exposure of blood vessels by the ulceration and the implication of the cartilage or bones. In the lungs numerous small tubercle-like nodules are found resembling milliary tubercles of tuberculosis, which when present produce quickened breathing and cough. In the superficial form usually called farcy, the localization is confined to the chains of lymphatic glands in the groin and shoulder which swell, suppurate, and form open ulcers which discharge a similarly adhesive pus. It may commence as glanders, farcy setting in subsequently or vice versa. The former is incurable, although some authorities claim to have witnessed recoveries. Farcy is supposed to be curable by some, but the one so often runs into the other, and the risks of error so great that we prefer to deal with both forms as incurable. In a country of such vast extent and variety of climate as Canada, we find corre- sponding variations in most diseases of animals, and in glanders particularly as this the case. It is a disease especially of the cheap horse, thus in the crowded cities there are many poor men who work cheap horses and stable them in buildings unfit for ani- mal habitation. These are the horses which becoming infected spread and perpetuate this disease by infecting buildings, drinking troughs, &c. In them, too, we meet with it in its most virulent and acute forms. On the farms, too, infection is spread by the congregation of horses in crowded stables on market days and during church service. In farm horses which are a great deal in open air and sunshine it usually assumes a somewhat chronic form ; acute cases being less frequently seen than in cities. As seen in the prairie country and Rocky Mountain regions it is not nearly so pronounced in its manifestations, is seldom acute and often very deceptive and difficult to diagnose clinically; hence the greatest care should be exercised by those who bring horses into Manitoba and the Territories to take every precaution against its introduc- tion. It is to be feared that during the past four years this disease has been repeatedly imported from the south by cheap ponies brought in to sell to mining outfits; true, careful inspection is ordered and carried out by the veterinarians of the mounted police, and they do the best they can under the circumstances, yet we know that inspection of large numbers of semi-wild horses on the prairie cannot be other than unsatisfactory, as glanders in a latent form can only be detected by close examination or the mallein test, which is usually impractical, for want of necessary facilities and difficulty in hand- ling them. Unfortunately also many of those who purchase cheap horses for riding and packing purposes have little knowledge of horse flesh and are ignorant of the indica- tions of disease, or the danger to which even one diseased horse may expose those men and horses with which it comes in contact. This ignorance tends to spread this insidi- ous malady. Fortunate indeed is the fact that the bacillus of this disease readily dies if exposed to sunlight. The bright scorching sun of our territorial regions and the strong winds so often prevailing there, are our surest safeguards against it, as is also the usual prac- tice followed by travellers of turning horses loose on the prairie or on a picket line instead of into a stable or shed, thus preventing to a large extent both direct and stable infection. MALLEIN AS A TEST. Mallein, which is a sterilized glycerine extract from cultures of the hacillus mallei, the pathogenic bacilli of glanders, is the analogue of tuberculin, and is believed by those who have had most experience of its use as a diagnostic agent to be as reliable in dis- 72 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 covering occult cases of glanders when not discernible by symptoms, as is tuberculin in tuberculosis. Its Injection and Results. — It is injected subcutaneously in the same manner as tuberculin — the normal temperatures being taken during the previous day. If glanders exists, within from six to eight hours there will be a hot painful swelling at the point of injection, and a rise in temperature of two degrees to five degrees or more, and occa- sionally a rapid development of the general clinical symptoms may follow. In all in- stances where practicable the test should be applied to every doubtful animal, and to all which have been expressed to infection direct or mediatory. We recommend every reader of this bulletin to consider well the following : — FACTS WHICH HORSE OWNERS OUGHT TO KNOW ABOUT GLANDERS. It is contagious and communicable by direct contact and mediatory agents, such as feed boxes, drinking troughs or pails. It is communicable to man, when the virus comes in contact with a sore, or into the mucous membrane of the eyes, nose or mouth. It is incurable in both animals and man. In man it is a most painful and loathsome disease, with offensive discharges from the throat and nostrils, and unhealthy boils and blebs all over the body. In buying horses, nasal discharges should always be viewed with suspicion, and horses with such should be refused unless on expert advice. WHAT EVERY HORSE OWNER OUGHT TO DO. Immediately on discovering symptoms indicatory or suspicious of glanders, isolate the animal completely, and report his suspicion to the Minister of Agriculture. On no consideration should a horse owner try to hide such a suspicious animal, he endangers his other horses, the lives of men working with or about the horse, or of members of his family, or it may be his own life. In the Territories, report to the Commissioner of the North-west Mounted Police, who will order necessary action on behalf of the Minister of Agriculture. The owner should carry out to the letter all preventive measures suggested by the veterinarian, even at a good deal of trouble and expense. In dealing with infected stables, nothing short of removal and burning of all woodwork, feed boxes, hay boxes or racks, will be effective, the floors and stall divisions may be planed and limewashed, or scrubbed with some disinfectant solution. The following simple direction for the disinfection of stables extracted from last year's report may be useful in dealing with glanders : — * When the buildings are modern and properly constructed as to air space, light, drainage and ventilation, disinfection is a simple matter. * When, however, the stable building is old, perhaps a utilization of some old wooden €tructure for housing animals, or the make-shift erections of the pioneer in the west who by force of circumstances has been compelled to provide some sort of shelter which because horses are kept in it is called a stable, it is more difficult. * The disinfectant may be gaseous, spray, liquid or solid. The gases most used for • disinfection are chlorine and formaldehyde. * In losing gas for disinfectant purposes it is necessary to remove the animals, and close up tightly the doors, windows and ventilators. ' To generate chlorine gas, place, say, 8 ounces of common salt with which an ounce of black oxide of manganese has been mixed, in an earthenware plate, then pour three ounces of sulphuric acid over the mixture and stir, when chlorine gas will be evolved. Care must be taken not to inhale any of the fxmies as they are very irritant to the bron- CATTLE QUARANTINE 73 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 chial tubes — several plates may be used according to the size and form of the stable. It should be left closed for four hours when it may be opened and air and light freely admitted for several hours before animals are returned to it. * Vaporized formaldehyde is extensively used for disinfecting houses, it is disen- gaged by a special apparatus and is introduced to a room or building by a rubber tube passed through a key-hole. ' Steam is very effective where it can be conveniently furnished. ' The liquids used for disinfection are : solutions of corrosive sublimate which while much used in human practice are too dangerous to be employed for disinfection of stables or byres, solutions of carbolic acid, creolin, sulpho napthol or sanitas, may be used either in watery solutions or in combination with lime wash. ' Reliable disinfection may be obtained by using a spraying pump and applying a lime wash to every five gallons of which a pound of commercial carbolic acid is added, forcing it into every corner, crack or crevice of the walls, stall, divisions and floors. ' The solids used are lime, chloride of lime, and carbolate of lime which are useful for sprinkling floors or mixing with composts and manure heaps. ' More powerful chemicals are prescribed for disinfection, but in selecting the above we have considered efficiency, safety, cheapness and facility in procuring as most coun- try druggists can supply them.' Insidious and incurable as this disease undoubtedly is, the facility with which the infective properties of the iacillus mallei are destroyed by sunlight and dry air as well as by such measures as above suggested, and diagnosis by the mallein test being almost absolutely reliable, it is quite within the possibilities that this disease may be completely eradicated, and if fresh importations are prevented, our horses will have a clean biU of health which will greatly enhance their value and ensure a ready sale. MALARIAL OR SWAMP FEVER IN HORSES. In last year's annual report a letter from an extensive horse-breeder at Battlef ord was published and some explanations given as to the nature and prevention of equine typhoid. During the past summer reports of serious losses of horses of all ages reached the department from the low lying farm lands along the Calgary and Ed- monton Railroad, supposed to be from the same disease. I visited the infected district on the 14th September with a view to discover; if possible the cause of the losses, which I found to have been considerable, and that they occur most frequently if not entirely during the fly season, viz. : the months of July, August and September. In nearly all cases the animals pastured on swale land, al- though some state that the disease has been seen in stabled horses also. The symp- toms were, dulness, drooping of the ears, weakness, rapid loss of flesh, in some cases costiveness at the beginning followed by diarrhoea, swelling between the forelegs and along the belly, the pulse weak and soft, excessive thirst towards the termination. They are said to eat well to the end, some were said to have bled at the nose. In two post mortem examinations which I held, I found the evidences of disease confined to the intestinal tract, the stomach in each was congested and studded by ecchymosis both externally and internally. The petechias were abundant along the whole alimentary tract and in one subject I found gangrene of a portion of the large intestines and inflammation of the villous coat of the stomach and mucus membrane of the intestines. The kidneys were swollen and like the intestine studded by petechias. The liver was soft and friable. A. McGee was said to have lost all his horses, J. Alwyn, thirty or forty ; Mr. Mitchell, fourteen, &c. The mortality at Olds, Innisfail and other places has been equally severe. * 74 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 I found, however, that all of the deaths could not be justly attributed to this cause. One horse which was included in the list had been driven thirty miles over very bad mud roads at a quick pace, took colic, rallied, had a relapse in a few days and died from inflammation of the bowels. Another had been fed on unthreshed barley one day and unthreshed wheat the next, he died from intestinal inflammation. Another, on inquiry, I found died from a broken neck. A Mr. Dick had lost three horses, one was sick from January till April, all died from different causes. However, I found evidence enough of extensive mortality among horses in this section due to some cause which may be difficult to determine. On making inquiries I found that for at least three seasons the rainfall had been unusual and the sloughs were all full, the slough grass rank, and mosquitoes very numerous. \ Recent investigations in connection with malarial fevers, especially yellow fever, have shown that certain varieties of this fly are unquestionably the inoculating agents in these and probably other diseases. When people were housed in mosquito proof houses, made so by being covered by wire netting, they could cohabit with yellow fever patients and not contract the disease ; if, however, they were bitten by this special family of mosquito, Stegomyia Taeniata, which had fed on a yellow fever patient, they became affected with the disease.* Just how much mosquitos have to do with producing this equine malarial fever, for such it is, has not yet been determined. I would suggest that an oiffcer of the department be sent during the midsummer months to investigate this disease on this and other lines, so that we can ascertain deflnitely the cause, and improve our chances of suggesting a preventive. In the meantime owners of horses will do well as far as practicable to keep them stabled and protected from mosquitoes and other flies, and especially to keep them away from sloughs and swamps, owners of bands of horses cannot do this, but those who can ought to do it even if at considerable inconvenience to themselves. MANGE IN CATTLE. I have pleasure in reporting that mange in cattle which two years ago existed extensively throughout the ranching districts of Alberta has now been eradicated in some of the worst infected localities. By the reports of Mr. E. G. Matthews, secretary of the Western Stock Growers' Association, J. H. G^. Eray, secretary treasvirer Medi- cine Hat Stock Growers' Association, Inspector J. F. Burnett, N.W.M. Police, Mac- leod, John C. Hargrave, D.V.S,, Dominion inspector at Medicine Hat, D. Coristine, V.S., Maple Creek, and Commisisoner Perry of the North-west Mounted Police, it will be seen that this disease still exists, although to a much less extent than formerly, yet Coristine reports 140 cases in his district, and Hargrave 75 per cent as being affected on the Red Deer river, and that the ranchers, north of the railroad and east of the river treated about thirty gathered on the fall round-up. It has been demonstrated that this disease can with a little attention on the part of the cattlemen be completely eradicated and it is to be hoped that the experiences which have been gone through will lead them to treat every case occurring among their herds, not only to cure the affected animals but to prevent them infecting others. 'Western Stock Growers' Association, Macleod, Alta. * Dear sir, — Referring to your letter of the 30th ultimo re the existence or other- wise of mange on the range now, I beg to state that I have made inquiries in all direc- tions with following results: — Willow Creek — One case found on Fall Round-up, a few scattered since. * ' American Medicine ' November 23, 1901. CATTLE QUARANTINE 75 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 High Eiver — A few cases found, mostly fat dry cows and steers, but nothing like the number found at same time last year. Maple Creek — A few oases found on Round-up, but more found since and it is expected they will become more numerous as the cold weather increases. Medicine Hat — Cases found on Eound-up, and on several occasions beef cattle were cut back from shipments. North Fork — No oases found on Round-up and no report received of its existence in that neighbourhood. Crane Lake — Four cases found on Round-up, all yearling bulls. Macleod — One case (a cow belonging to the Indian Department) found on Round- up. No cases since. Porcupine Hills — No cases found. Cochrane range — No cases. This practically covers the ranching country, and you can draw your own conclu- sions from it. Of course the weather so far this year has been extremely favourable to cattle and the disease may crop up again in the spring, but to all intents and pur- poses it seems to have disappeared. Scattered individual cases are no doubt occurring but they can be attributed to the fact of stock using the brush for shelter and rubbing on infected trees. Tours truly, (Signed) R. G. Mathews, Secretary.' Medicine Hat Stock Growers' Association, Stock Inspector's Office, Medicine Hat, N.W.T. ' Dear Sir, — ^I beg to acknowledge receipt of your letter of the 30th ult, re mange, and in reply would say that from careful inquiries and my own personal observations as stock inspector, my opinion is that mange is still prevalent on the ranges of this dis- trict. We have not seen many cases in the stock yards, only a very few having been cut back by Dr. Hargrave, but it was found on the Round-up and exists on some ranches though not to any serious extent, and with proper care I have no doubt it will soon be eradicated. I remain, dear sir. Yours respectfully, (Signed) J. H. G. Bray.' Medicdte Hat. ' Dear sir, — Referring to your inquiry regarding mange I have delayed answering, as I was going out among some of the ranchers and would be able to make a better report. It still continues to exist among some of the herds, but a great many of the ranchers say that they have seen no sign of it since last winter and some claim that they never had it. On the Red Deer river about Y5 per cent are affected and the ranch- ers north of the railroad and east of the river treated about 30 head gathered on the fall round-up. It would appear that the smaller ranchers who are better able to keep their herds free from it have done so, but that, with one or two exceptions, all the larger stockmen still have it in their herds, but to a less extent than ever before. (Signed) John C. Hargrave, Government Veterinary Surgeon/ 76 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 In his report, Veterinary Inspector Burnett, N.W. Mounted Police, Macleod, says: — * Mange, one of tlie most dreaded diseases of cattle, appears to be fast disappearing from the herds, that occasional cases are seen, I have no doubt, but. the fact that the owners have been taking them up for the past two years and treating them at home precludes the possibility of my seeing them, and while I do not think that this method of treatment fully accounts for the gradual disappearance of the disease, it has no doubt not only exerted considerable influence in the eradication of the malady, but has been the means whereby a great many fat cattle have been shipped that otherwise could not have been.' ACTINOMYCOSIS {Lumpy Jaw). By referring to the inspectors' reports it will be seen that this disease (which is due to the ray fungus), is gradually but surely decreasing. At the shipping ports it is rarely seen now — only two animals were rejected for export on account of it as against nine the previous year and twenty-nine two years ago — and reports from inspectors show equally satisfactory results. For information as to its nature and treatment see last year's report, page 73. HOG CHOLERA. I regret to have to report that hog cholera again broke out in some of the localities in which it had previously existed in the western peninsula of Ontario, traceable in most cases to infection derived from the Indian reserve, Walpole island. With re- markable regularity it was found that the outbreaks followed the course of the river, into which dead hogs had been thrown ; this was noticed also when the previous out- breaks occurred in that district. NUMBER OF FARMS ON WHICH FRESH CASES HAVE BEEN FOUND. Western Peninsula of Ontario (Counties of Kent, Essex and Lambton) 90 Toronto district 2 Burford district 6 Ottawa district 1 Total 99 NUMBER OF HOGS SLAUGHTERED. Twelve months, ending October 31, 1901 : Hogs slaughtered — ^Diseased 597 " Contact 701 Total 1,298 Indemnity $ 6,996 42 It will be seen that only nine farms were quarantined outside of Kent, Essex and Lambton. CATTLE QUARANTINE 77 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 I have pleasure in reporting that the disease is again non-existent so far as reports show, and it is to be hoped that those responsible for the Indians will see that the prac- tice of throwing carcasses into the river is prevented in future. All carcasses should be burned as the surest means for destroying infection through them. It is gratifying to notice from the reports of the inspectors that the decrease of mortality from the disease is * due to a large extent to the fact that the farmers are becoming better posted as to preventive measures and are more willing to report cases promptly before infection has time to spread * (Perdue's Eeport) .' * I find that the farmers are more anxious to report disease in their farms and are more thorough in cleansing and disinfecting the premi&es ' (G. W. Orchard's Report). Inspector Jos. Kime, Chatham, reports as follows : * For eleven months there was not a case of swine plague or hog cholera came under my notice until a butcher introduced it again by store hogs brought to his slaughter-house.' Clearly the disease can be eradicated and its reintroduction prevented if interested parties would but carry out the means suggested in the bulletins and regulations issued by the department for their benefit. PICTOU CATTLE DISEASE. This disease still continues to appear among the dairy cattle of Nova Scotia, confined to the limited area where it has been seen for forty years. Its causation still remains a mystery ; yet it does not extend beyond the infected district. Cattle have been removed from this district to other places without the disease appearing or being introduced into these new districts. The report this year shows a marked falling off in the number of deaths. No. Slaughtered. Amount Paid. 1899-1900 149 $1,1,51 99 1900-1901 91 723 66 Decrease 58 $ 428 33 INSPECTION OF STOCK YAEDS AND CAES. Mr. Auger, inspector of stock yards and cars, reports improvements in the cleaning of cars. Pie travelled as far west as Victoria, B.C., and reports improvements in the stDck yards en route, and a disposition on the part of railway officials to meet the require- ments of the public in this respect. Both Mr. Auger and the local veterinary inspector, Mr. Frink, report very highly of the new yards built by the Canadian Pacific Railway at East St. John, N.B., which can accommodate under cover a thousand head of cattle. This improvement was much needed, and will prove not only a boon to cattle shippers, but will be the means of increasing the live stock shipments from St. John. SHEEP SCAB. I regret to report that slight outbreaks of sheep scab occurred in the counties of Peel, Victoria and Ontario, in which nineteen farms were quarantined, and the sheep treated by dipping, the premises being thoroughly disinfected. The outbreaks were completely controlled, and so far as is known to the department, no sheep scab exists at this date in any part of the Dominion. 78 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Table showiBg the number of farms quarantined for Sheep Scab, twelve months ending October 31, 1901. Number of Farms on which Fresh Outbreaks have been Found : — Peel County, Ont 3 Victoria County, Ont 4 Ontario County, Ont 12 19 Number of sheep slaughtered 2 Indemnity $3 66 The probability of an immediate extension of sheep-breeding in the Territories, and consequently extensive importations from Montana and Dakota is evident from the numbers already brought in ; special instructions were given to inspectors to , see that the most thorough inspections were made, corrals for the purpose being fur- nished by the department at certain points. They were also authorized to detain sheep for a second inspection whenever they considered it necessary ; so far, no scab has been found in any of the importations. Breeders cannot be too careful about the selection of sheep in Montana. ANTHEAX AND SYMPTOMATIC ANTHEAX. By reference to the reports of inspectors it will be seen that outbreaks of anthrax and symptomatic anthrax (black leg), are becoming more prevalent — the former is reported to have been dealt with at MiUbrooke, Ont., Lunenburg, Ont., Oznabrook, Ont., at New Glasgow, P.Q., Chateau Richer, P.Q., at Maple Creek, Regina, Medicine Hat and Swift Current, in the North-west Territories; and the latter at Clarence Creek, P.Q., Niagara, Ont. and Vancouver, B.C. The outbreak of anthrax in sheep at Swift Current proved to be a very serious affair, occurring as it did in a flock of about 16,000 sheep belonging to the Canadian Land and Ranche Company. Owing to the difficulty in obtaining a sufficient supply of freshly prepared anthrax vaccine due to this vaccine requiring to be used within a few days of its being prepared and none of the firms who manufacture immunizing lymphs, or vaccines keeping it on hand and the distance requiring about four days for it to reach Swift Current, delays were encountered and unfortunately owing to faulty lymph supplied by one firm, considerable mortality'- resulted from its use, while the results of using that supplied by the 'Pasteur Vaccine Company were very satisfactory. About 3,000 died in all, of which 475 died subsequent to vaccination, and one cow and eight horses died from the disease at the same place. The survivors were progressively moved off the infected area, which was close-quarantined and stock of all kinds prevented from entering on it. All carcasses were burned, and instructions were given to burn the grasses before any stock are allowed on to it again. The use of the Pasteur vaccine demonstrated its efficacy to produce immunity. Equal success attended the use of this vaccine in the eastern outbreak; at Oznabrook Dr. Moore vaccinated 2Y3 cattle with most satisfactory results, Mr. Higginson, V.S., Rockland, vaccinated several hundred at Lunenburg with equal results. Blackleg vaccine has been extensively employed for immunization in all parts of the Dominion, especially in the Territories and British Columbia. All carcasses of animals dying from this disease are ordered to be burned and every proper precaution taken to prevent recurrences. CATTLE QUARANTINE T9 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 A bulletin on anthrax and symtomatic anthrax will shortly be issued and freely circulated throughout the country containing correct information about these dis- eases. I trust it will be carefully read and the suggestions contained therein put into practice ; it is herewith appended. ANTHRAX. This disease, which is much dreaded in European countries on account of the sud- den and serious losses which it occasions, has, fortunately, been scarcely known to exist in Canada till the present summer (1901) when several rather serious outbreaks occurred, as will be seen by referring to the reports of the Cattle Quarantine Inspectors published as appendices to the report of the Minister of Agriculture. This bulletin is published with the object of informing stockmen of the nature of this disease and its cause, of how it is spread among herds, and of the measures neces- sary for its prevention. A careful study of it will convince the reader that if the dis- ease is left unchecked and preventive precautions are neglected, not only may present serious losses be experienced, but the land itself may be rendered infective for fifty or a hundred years; already certain farms and districts both in the east and in the west are known to be anthrax infected, and the disease breaks out on them at irregular periods, the animals dying with alarming suddenness. It is well known that the spores of the bacillus in some way get into the ground, and that they may remain there in a dormant state for many years. According to Crookshank : ' By some means or other the spores contaminate the grass, and hay im- ported from an anthrax infected district may start the disease at a farm on which it had never been known to occur.' ' The skin, hair, wool, hoofs and horns of infected animals, if soiled with blood, are contaminated by the bacillus.' It is an infection which is the very reverse of that of contagious pleuro-pneumonia, which requires the contact of living diseased with living healthy animals, whereas anthrax infection rarely takes place from living ani- mals, unless the blood containing bacilli is allowed to contaminate the food, or inocu- late a wounded surface. It is the carcass that is to be dreaded as the source of infection. ANTHEAX BACILLUS. The immediate cause of the disease is the entrance into the bodies of healthy ani- mals of rod-shaped bacilli or their spores, either in food or water or by inoculation through an abraded surface or open wound. The bacilli themselves are easily killed, but their spores resist ordinary germicides. and even such degrees of heat as kill all other spores of bacteria. The effect of the entrance of these virulent spores into an animal body, by what- ever channel thej^ enter, is to soon destroy the subject by their rapid indefinite multipli- cation and their pernicious action on the blood, which they deprive of its life-sustaining properties by absorbing the oxygen and obstructing the minute capillary circulation, death taking place in most cases instantaneously and without noticeable symptons of illness. Bollinger recognizes three different forms of anthrax as affecting the domestic animals : 1. Apoplectiform, which kills in from a few minutes to several hours. 2. Acute anthrax, lasting from a few hours to a few days. 3. Sub-acute forms of anthrax; all cases of a longer duration. In the first and second forms the disease runs its course with remarkable rapidity, and animals so affected frequently die as if stricken by lightening, without having given rise to any previous suspicions regarding their condition. 80 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 In the third form the mortality exceeds 70 per cent. The disease seldom affords opportunities for even experimental treatment. In cattle and sheep the post mortem lesions consist of a black tar-like appearance of the blood which teems with bacilli, ecchymoses in most of the internal organs, espe- cially the small intestines, mediastinum and messentry, with great enlargement of the spleen which is distended with black tar-like blood. This organ is found in this con- dition in all cases of internal anthrax. External anthrax is occasionally seen in horses and sheep, rarely in cattle, and is usually due to inoculation by flies. It is attended by local swelling which is hard and painful, and spreads rapidly to the surrounding parts, general infection takes place and the animal usually dies, the post mortem lesions being similar to those of intestinal anthrax. The manner in which anthrax is spread should be well known. The bacilli require oxygen to sporulate, hence if the carcass is cut open and exposed to the air, spores form readily in the blood, and whatever is smeared with it immediately becomes infective; and ignorance of this fact is accountable for the careless disposal of carcasses of ani- mals which have died from anthrax. It is too frequently the practice of farmers and others to drag a dead animal away from the buildings, perhaps across a pasture or hay field, and leave it unburied or only partially covered in a swamp or wood where it is easily reached by dogs and vermin, by which portions are dragged across fields, smearing the ground or grasses with spores of the bacillus. PKEVENTIVE MEASUKES. . On no account should the body of an animal which has died of anthrax be opened or skinned. If the blood is confined within the body, and discharges from the natural openings prevented by plugging them with tow saturated with a 20 per cent solution of carbolic acid, and the carcass carried, not dragged, to the place prepared for burning it, no infection can take place from it. As a precautionary measure, however, the stall and surroundings where the death occurred should be thoroughly disinfected, as well as the cart or wagon which it has been carried in. By all means burn the carcass — and bury the ashes deeply with lime. Just think of the risks that are run by any carelessness in dealing with a carcass from which millions of millions of infective spores may be given off, and in some way reach the surface years after to infect and destroy cattle, sheep, swine and horses, and enormously reduce the value of the farm. Some authors state that horses are not particularly susceptible, but such is not our experience in Canada, for in nearly every outbreak we have had to deal with, horses have died from it, as well as cattle and sheep. IMMUNIZATION AGAINST ANTHKAX INFECTION. The method of vaccination by an attenuated virus as a preventive of anthrax, discovered by Pasteur, has been extensively employed, especially in France and Russia, for many years, and for some years back in the United States and Canada. So long as the vaccine could not be obtained within a few days of being manufactured, its use was found to be impracticable, as it will not keep long under any conditions, and deaths have been produced by using vaccine when too long kept, or where it has been carelessly prepared and tested. Two cultures of different degrees of virulence are used, Vaccine No. 1 kills mice, but not guinea pigs ; Vaccine No. 2 kills guinea pigs, but not rabbits. The sheep, cattle, swine or horses to be inoculated are given by subcutaneous injec- tion a dose of No. 1 Vaccine, and in 12 days thereafter a dose of No. 2. CATTLE QUARANTINE 81 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 Protective lymphs are supplied by the manufacturers, the Pasteur Institute, Chi- cago, and Messrs. Parke, Davis & Co., Walkerville, Ont. Printed directions are given with these. During the past summer protective inoculation has been extensively employed with satisfactory results in several outbreaks, both in the east and west; fourteen thousand sheep on one ranch having been inoculated by officers of the department. The vaccination, however, should not be undertaken by any inexperienced person, and on no account should old or doubtful lymph be used. SYMPTOMATIC ANTHKAX. Black leg, or black quarter, occurs occasionally in various parts of Canada from ocean to ocean. It is a disease which principally affects young and thriving cattle, and is seen more rarely in sheep and goats. It occurs at irregular intervals in certain districts, especially during the summer months, sometimes extensively, and at other times causing the deaths of only a few fat calves here and there within a limited area ; it will prevail for a few months, especially when the calves are thriving best, and then disappear per- haps for some years. It is, like anthrax, a disease the germs of which emanate from the soil, but it is also seen in stabled animals when fed on hay grown on infected land. It also is a bacterial disease, but although the bacillus is a spore bearer it is not identical with that of anthrax, and can be distinguished by being shorter and having rounded ends; the bacilli do not form chains as do those of anthrax, besides they have flaglellse having the power of movement, and, being anaerobic, cannot be cultivated in an atmosphere containing oxygen. They form spores which are usually seen at the end of the rod, are ovoid in form, and are larger than those of anthrax. The bacilli are not found in the blood during life, but may be found in it after oxygenation ceases when death occurs. As the name indicates, the pathological manifestations are mostly con- fined to the quarter; which may be the hind or may be the fore, the calf becomes lame and unable to move the limb, except in a dragging manner, the quarter swells and the swelling crackles under the hand as if it contained confined air or gas. The animals may die suddenly or linger from twelve to forty-eight hours. Treatment is useless, and the remarks made as to the disposal of carcasses of animals dying of anthrax apply also to animals dying of black leg. Setons in the dewlap are empirically recommended, but are of doubtful utility. It is well to check too rapid fattening by moving the calves to poorer pasture, and by giving them exercise by driving, and they should be prevented from eating grass grown over the graves of dead cattle; all graves of dead animals should be fenced. Vaccination by means of an attenuated virus of the disease is now extensively and successfully practiced throughout Canada, more especially in the stock-raising districts of the west. Vaccinating outfits can be procured from the Pasteur Vaccine Co., Limited, 56 Pifth Avenue, Chicago, or Messrs. Parke, Davis & Co., Walkerville, Ont., who manu- facture the vaccines and furnish full directions for using them. The vaccines are of two kinds, viz., single vaccine requiring only one application, and double vaccine requiring two application; first and second lymph. The double vaccine especially has proved highly successful in the immunization of young stock both in the United States and Canada. Another form of vaccination is that should it be found as effective as the lymph injection it will prove a great boon in saving labour to the owners of large herds of range cattle. Cattle and horses are usually vaccinated on the neck or shoulder; sheep on the in- side of the thigh. Vaccination may be done at any time, but the spring is the most favourable, and it is more necessary then as the disease prevails most during early summer. 15—6 82 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 It should be done at any time should an outbreak be discovered in a herd. The immunization lasts for about twelve months. Young bulls brought on to ranches from the east should be vaccinated before being turned out, and in districts where the disease is known to have existed, eastern stoekera of a cord saturated in the vaccine, which is inserted but once by means of a needle; should be similarly protected. TUBERCULOSIS. Table showing the number of cattle tested for tuberculosis in each province for twelve months, ending October 31, 1901 : Ontario 6,786 162 Prince Edward Island 100 Quebec 2,177 115 New Brunswick 208 3 Nova Scotia 309 14 British Columbia 92 9 Manitoba 464 33 North-west Territories 17 1 10,153 337 It will be seen that the nvmiber tested during the past twelve months is less by 7,632 than the number tested during the preceding twelve months. This is due to testing having been stopped during the summer months, owing to the loss of time and inconvenience experienced by inspectors on account of the cattle being in the fileds, and the owners busy, for which reasons it was decided not to test till October and during the winter months. By referring to Dr. Moore's report it will be seen that he tested 630 head, 123 of which were tuberculous and 5 suspicious, but he states that 92 of the above diseased animals were from three herds, 57 being out of a herd of 72 dairy cattle, 18 out of a herd of 21, and 17 out of a herd of 20. If we leave out these three plague-smitten herds, we find that the percentage of reactions is extremely small. The subject of tuberculosis and tuberculin testing has received much attention, and has been fully discussed in the press and on the platfonn during the past year ; animated discussions have been carried on in the newspapers and agricultural press, congresses have been held at Ottawa, New York and London to which were invited those supposed to be best informed, the result being the publication of a vast amount of information bearing on this important subject. It has been stated that tuberculin was a means of spreading tuberculosis by pro- ducing it. To prove that this is erroneous, Dr. Higgins was furnished with samples of tuberculin, obtained from Koch's laboratory (as used by the cattle quarantine service), from the Bureau of Animal Industry at Washington, from Parke, Davis & Company, and from the Guelph Agricultural College. With each of these samples three guinea pigs were inoculated, and in no case was there a reaction, but in every instance where the same tuberculin was injected into animals known to be tuberculous definite and characteristic reaction resulted, thus showing that the statement was incorrect. (For details of this experiment see Dr. Higgins's report.) Statements have been made by the opponents of tuberculin as a test, that it pro- duces abortion in pregnant cows, impotency in bulls, interfered with the general health, and was unreliable as a test. If the reader will turn to the paper read by the CATTLE QUARANTINE 83 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 writer before ' The Animals Section of the British Congress ' on tuberculosis, repro- duced here, he will find the strongest evidence adduced to disprove these statements. The following deductions in this connection were accepted by this Section with- out a dissenting voice. (a.) Tuberculosis is essentially a contagious disease and ought to be classified and acknowledged by every country and state in the world as such. (h) It is insidious in its character, and in only a few cases, comparatively, can it be diagnosed by physical examination, but in tuberculin we have a safe and reliable test by which even latent cases can be diagnosed. (c.) That tuberculin is harmless ; it does not produce abortion in pregnant cows, impotency in bulls, or in any way produce any injurious effect on animals tested by it. THE BRITISH CONGRESS ON TUBERCULOSIS FOR THE PREVENTION OP CONSUMPTION. This vast assemblage of scientists, numbering about 2,700 representatives from aU parts of the Empire and foreign countries, met at London under the patronage of King Edward VII. The opening meeting was held in St. James's Hall, Piccadilly, on July 22. Eield-Marshall, H.E.II. the Duke of Cambridge, president, in the chair, opened the congress on behalf of His Majesty the King. The congress was divided into four sections, each having a president, several vice-presidents and honorary secretaries. The membership was composed of honorary members, delegates and members. Honorary members were persons nominated by any foreign government or uni- versity, or by the executive committee, delegated and ordinary members were other persons, British, colonial or foreign, who wished to attend, including representa- tives from governments or institutions within the British Empire. Section I. (State and Municipal.) President— The Eight Hon. Sir Herbert Maxwell, Bart, M.P., F.K.S. The meetings of this section were held daily at St. George's Hall, Langham Place, and comprised five divisions, viz.: — Division I. — Statistical. II. — The notification of tuberculosis ; Prevention of tuberculosis during childhood. III. — Influence of housing and aggregation ; The control of meat supply. lY. — The international aspect of tuberculosis ; Control of milk supplies. V. — The provision of sanatoria ; The roler of hospitals and dispensaries for consumption in the prevention of phthisis. Section II. (Medical, including Climatology and Sanatoria ; meetings in the Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society's rooms, 20 Hanover Square.) President.— Sir Richard Douglas Powell, Bart., K.C.V.O., M.D. The following subjects were discussed : — (a) ' What influence has climate on the treatment of consumption, and how far can cases be grouped for treatment in certain climates.' (&) ' The therapeutic and diagnostic value of tuberculin in human tuberculosis.' (c) * Sanatoria for consumption.' Besides these, numerous valuable papers were read and demonstrations given. 15—61 84 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Section III. (Pathology, including Bacteriology ; Meetings in Queen's Hall.) President.— Prof. G. Sims Woodhead, M.D., F.E.S.E. The following subjects were introduced for discussion : — 1. ' The Morpthological and Physiological Variations of the Bacillus Tubercu- losis and its relations (a) to other acid-proof bacilli ; (h) to the ray fungus and other streptothrices.' 2. 'Tuberculin.' 3. 'Varieties of Tuberculosis, Morbid Aanatomy and Histology.' 4. 'Mixed Infection in Tuberculosis.' And a large number of other papers on ' Tubercle Bacilli,* * Infectivity of Milk,^ &c. Section IV. (Veterinary — Tuberculosis in Animals ; Meetings in Marlborough Hall (Polytechnic), Regent Street.) President. — Sir George T. Brown, C.B. The following subjects were discussed : — 1. ' The Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Animals during Life,' 2. ' Tuberculosis and the Milk Supply.' 3. ' Tuberculosis and the Meat Supply.' 4. ' The Legislation and other Measures necessary to combat Tuberculosis.' The following distinguished foreigners took part in the discussions in this section : Professor Nocard, of the Alfort Veterinary School. " Bang, of Denmark Veterinary School. " Arlong, of the Lyons Veterinary School. " Thomassen, of Utrecht Veterinary School. " Malm, delegate from the Swedish Government. So far as this report is concerned, the interest largely centres in the discussion as to the identity of human and bovine tubercle bacilli, and the intercommunicability of tuberculosis between men and animals, and the paper read by Prof. Robert Koch and replied to by Professor John McFadyean. For eighteen years the entire medical and veterinary professions have not doubted that consumption in children and old or weak persons was frequently produced by the ingestion or inhalataion of bovine tubercle bacilli, but more especially by means of milk from diseased udders of cows. Recently, however. Prof. Theobald Smith and those making similar investigations and experiments, have concluded that, although similar, the two bacilli were not identical, the chief difference being observed in their relative virulence ; this we confirmed by experiments made under my direction by Dr. C. H. Higgins, at Outre- mont Station in 1899 (see report for that year). We found that when bovine tubercle was injected into the udder of one cow and human tubercle into that of another cow, the resulting swelling was greatest from the bovine cultures. Two healthy heifers were inoculated, one with bovine tubercle in the right lung, the other with human in the left ; the former died from generalized tuberculosis on the forty-second day, whereas the latter, inoculated with human tubercle, although she contracted the disease, showed but slight clinical evidence of it. CATTLE QUARANTINE 85 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 Five guinea pigs inoculated with the bovine cultures of tubercle died respectively on the Mth, 15th, 20th, 30th and 35th days: Three in which human cultures were used died in 18, 23 and 35 days generalized tuberculosis being found in each case. In rabbits, five inoculated with bovine cultures died in 36, 70, Y4 and 90 days, one surviving 3i months. Of three inoculated with human cultures one only contracted the disease dying in 52 days, the other two being alive after two months. In chickens inoculation with both bovine and human cultures failed to produce the disease. Thus it will be seen that for some time it was well known to those working on this subject that bovine was much more virulent than human tubercle, yet no one had got results which justified them in coming to the conclusion announced by Prof. Koch, which centralized the whole interest of the Congress on his paper, viz.: the announcement that, ' if susceptibility really exists, the infection of human beings by milk or flesh of tubercular cattle, is but a very rare occurrence ; ' an announcement which fell like a bomb shell in the Congress which was not prepared for it and which was not accepted as correct. Able replies were made by Lord Lister, Prof. Nocard, Prof. Bang and more particularly Prof. John McFadyean, Dean of the Royal Veterinary College, London, and the following resolution was unanimously passed ; that ' in the opinion of this Congress Medical Health Officers should use the powers at their disposal and relax no effect to prevent the spread of tuberculosis by milk and meat.' As the subject is of much interest as a public health question, although of minor importance so far as its virulence among cattle and other domestic animals is con- cerned, of which there is no doubt, whatever, I take the liberty of making the follow- ing extracts from both their papers. Professor Egbert Koch's Paper. * Great importance used to be attached to the hereditary transmission of tubercu- losis. Now, however, it has been demonstrated by thorough investigation that, al- though hereditary tuberculosis is not absolutely non-existent, it is nevertheless extreme- ly rare, and we are at liberty, in considering our practical measures, to leave this form of origination entirely out of account. ' But another possibility of tubercular infection arises, as is generally assumed, in the transmission of the germs of the disease from tubercular animals to man. This manner of infection is generally regarded now a days as proved, and as so fre- quent that it is even looked upon by not a few as the most important, and the most rigorous measures are demanded against it. In this Congress also the discussion of the danger with which the tuberculosis of animals threatens man will play an impor- tant part. Now, as my investigations have led me to form an opinion deviating from that which is generally accepted, I beg your permission, in consideration of the great importance of this question, to discuss it a little more thoroughly. ' Genuine tuberculosis has hitherto been observed in almost all domestic animals, and most frequently in poultry and cattle. The tuberculosis of poultry, however, differs so much from human tuberculosis, that we may leave it out of account as a possible source of infection for man. So, strictly speaking, the only kind of animal tuberculosis remaining to be considered is the tuberculosis of cattle, which, if really transferable to man, would indeed have frequent opportunities of infecting human beings through the drinking of the milk and the eating of the flesh of diseased animals. 'Even in my first circumstantial publication on the etiology of tuberculosis, I expressed myself regarding the identity of human tuberculosis and bovine tuberculosis with reserve. Proved facts which would have enabled me sharply to distinguish these two forms of the disease were not then at my disposal, but sure proofs of their absolute identity were equally un discoverable, and I therefore had to leave this question un- 86 DEPARTMENT OF AORIGVLTURE 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 decided. In order to decide it, I have repeatedly resumed the investigations relating to it, but so long as I experimented on small animals, such as rabbits and guinea pigs, I failed to arrive at any satisfactory result, though indications which rendered the difference of the two forms of tuberculosis probable were not wanting. Not till the complaisance of the Ministry of Agriculture enabled me to experiment on cattle, the only animals really suitable for these investigations, did I arrive at absolutely con- clusive results. Of the experiments which I have carried out during the last two years along with Professor Schutz, of the Veterinary College, in Berlin, I will tell you briefly some of the most important. ' A number of young cattle which had stood the tuberculin test, and might there- fore be regarded as free from tuberculosis, were infected in various ways with pure cultures of tubercle-bacilli taken from cases of human tuberculosis ; some of them got the tubercular sputum of consumptive patients direct. In some cases the tubercle- bacilli or the sputum were injected under the skin, in others into the peritoneal cavity, in others into the jugular vein. Six animals were fed with tubercular sputum almost daily for seven or eight months ; four repeatedly inhaled great quantities of bacilli, which were distributed in water, and scattered with it in the form of spray. None of these cattle (there were nineteen of them) showed any symptoms of disease, and they gained considerably in weight. From six to eight months after the beginning of the experiments they were killed. In their internal organs not a trace of tuberculosis was found. Only at the places where the injections had been made small suppurative foci had formed, in which few tubercle-bacilli could be found. This is exactly what one finds when one injects dead tubercle-bacilli under the skin of animals liable to contagion. So the animals we exi)erimented on were affected by the living bacilli of human tuberculosis exactly as they would have been by dead ones ; they were abso- lutely insusceptible to them. 'The result was utterly different, however, when the same -experiment was made on cattle free from tuberculosis with tubercle-bacilli that came from the lungs of an animal suffering from bovine tuberculosis. After an incubation period of about a week the severest tubercular disorders of the internal organs broke out in all the infected animals. It was all one whether the infecting matter had been injected only under the skin or into the peritoneal cavity or the vascular system. High fever set in, and the animals became weak and lean ; some of them died after a month and a half to two months, others were killed in a miserably sick condition after three months. After death extensive tubercular infiltrations were found at the place where the injections had been made, and in the neighbouring lymphatic glands, and also far advanced alterations of the internal organs, especially the lungs and the spleen. In the cases in which the injection had been made into the peritoneal cavity the tuber- cular growths which are so characteristic of bovine tuberculosis were found on the omentum and peritoneum. In short, ihe cattle proved just as susceptible to infection by the bacillus of bovine tuberculosis as they had proved insusceptible to infection by the bacillus of human tuberculosis. I wish only to add that preparations of the organs of the cattle which were artificially infected with bovine tuberculosis in these experiments are exhibited in the Museum of Pathology and Bacteriology. ' An almost equally striking distinction between human and bovine tuberculosis was brought to light by a feeding experiment with swine. Six young swine were fed daily for three months with the tubercular sputum of consumptive patients. Six other swine received bacilli of bovine tuberculosis with their food daily for the same period. The animals that were fed with sputum remained healthy and grew lustily, whereas those that were fed with the bacilli of bovine tuberculosis soon became sickly, were stunted in their growth, and half of them died. After throe months and a half the surviving swine were all killed and examined. Among the animals "that had been fed with sputum no trace of tuberculosis was found, except here and there little nodules in the lymphatic glands of the neck, and in one case a few gray nodules in the lungs. The animals, on the other hand, which had eaten bacilli of bovine tuber- CATTLE QUARANTINE 87 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 culosis had, without exception (just as in the cattle experiment), sevei'e tubercular diseases, especially tubercular infiltration of the greatly enlarged lymphatic glands of the neck and of the mesenteric glands, and also extensive tuberculosis of the lungs and the spleen. ' The difference between human and bovine tuberculosis appeared not less strik- ingly in a similar experiment with asses, sheep and goats, into whose vascular system the two kinds of tubercle-bacilli were injected. ' Our experiments, I must add, are not the only ones that have led to this result. If one studies the older literature of the subject, and collates the reports of the numerous experiments that were made in former times- by Chauveau, Gunther and Harms, Bollinger and others, who fed calves, swine and goats with tubercular ma- terial, one finds that the animals were fed with the milk and pieces of the lungs of* tubercular cattle always fell ill of tuberculosis, whereas those that received human material with their food did not. Comparative investigations regarding human and bovine tuberculosis have been made very recently in North America by Smith, Din- ■ widdie and Frothingham, and their result agreed with that of ours. The unam- biguous and absolutely conclusive result of our experiments is due to the fact that we chose methods of infection which exclude all sources of error, and carefully avoided everything connected with the stalling, feeding, and tending of the animals that might have a disturbing effect on the experiments. * Considering all these facts, I feel justified in maintaining that human tuber- culosis differs from bovine, and cannot be transmitted to cattle. It seems to me very desirable, however, that these experiments should be repeated elsewhere, in order that all doubt as to the correctness of my assertion may be removed. ' I wish only to add, that, owing to the great importance of this matter, the Ger- man government has appointed a commission to make further inquiries on the subject. ' But, now, how is it with the susceptibility of man to bovine tuberculosis ? This question is far more important to us than that of the susceptibility of cattle to human tuberculosis, highly important as that is too. It is impossible to give this question a direct answer, because, of course, the experimental investigation of it with human beings is out of the question. Indirectly, however, we can try to approach it. It is well known that the milk and butter consumed in great cities very often contain large quantities of the bacilli of bovine tuberculosis in a living condition, as the numerous infection-expei'iments with such dairy products on animals have proved. Most of the inhabitants of such cities daily consume such living and perfectly virulent bacilli of bovine tuberculosis, and unintentionally carry out the experiment which we are not at liberty to make. If the bacilli of bovine tuberculosis were able to infect human beings, many cases of tuberculosis caused by the consumption of alimenta containing tubercle bacilli could not but occur among the inhabitants of great cities, especially the children. And most medical men believe that this is actually the case. ' In reality, however, it is not so. That a case of tuberculosis has been caused by alimenta can be assumed with certainty only when the intestine suffers first, i.e., when a so-called primary tuberculosis of the intestine is found. But such cases are extremely rare. Among many cases of tuberculosis examined after death, I myself remember having seen primary tuberculosis of the intestine only twice. Among the great post- mortem material of the Charite Hospital in Berlin, ten cases of primary tuberculosis of the intestine occurred in five years. Among 933 cases of tuberculosis in children at the Emperor and Empress Frederick's Hospital for Children, Baginsky never found tuberculosis of the intestine without simultaneous disease of the lungs and the bron- chial glands. Among 3,104 post-mortems of tubercular children, Biedert observed only sixteen cases of primary tuberculosis of the intestine. I could cite from the literature of the subject many more statistics of the same kind, all indubitably showing that primary tuberculosis of the intestine, especially among children, is a comparatively rare disease, and of these few cases that liave been enumerated, it is by no means cer- tain that they were due to infection by bovine suberculosis. It is just as likely that g3 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 they were caused by the widely propagated bacilli of human tuberculosis, which may have got into the digestive canal in some way or other — for instance, by swallowing saliva of the mouth. Hitherto nobody could decide with certainty in such a case whe- ther the tuberculosis of the intestine was of human or animal origin. Now we can diagnose them. All that is necessary is to cultivate in pure culture the tubercle-bacilli found in the tubercular material, and to ascertain whether they belong to bovine tu- berculosis by inoculating cattle with them. For this purpose I recommend subcut- aneous injection, which yields quite specially characteristic and convincing results. For haK a year past I have occupied myself with such investigations, but, owing to the rareness of the disease in question, the number of the cases I have been able to investigate is but small. What has hitherto resulted from this investigation does not speak for the assumption that bovine tuberculosis occurs in man. * Though the important question whether man is susceptible to bovine tuberculosis at all is not yet absolutely decided, and will not admit of absolute decision to-day or to-morrow, one is nevertheless already at liberty to say that, if such a susceptibility really exists, the infection of human beings is but a very rare occurrence. I should estimate the extent of infection by the milk and flesh of tubercular cattle, and the ■ butter made of their milk, as hardly greater than that of heriditary transmission, and I therefore do not deem it advisable to take any measures against it.' Professor McFadyean's Paper, ' As recently as a few days ago, when I was mentally arranging the material for the paper which I have now the great honour of submitting to this Congress, I was under the impression that it would not be necessary to formally prove that the term tuberculosis as it is now employed by medical men and veterinary surgeons relates to one and the same disease. I thought that I might ask my audience to accept it as proved, and generally admitted, that tuberculosis in man is caused by a single definite species of organism — the tubercle bacillus — that this organism is also the cause of the disease to which veterinary surgeons apply the term tuberculosis in the case of cattle and other domesticated species, and that there therefore existed a prima facie case against the germs formed in the bodies of tuberculous animals as a possible source of tuberculous disease in human beings. ' To-day, however, the position of any one who undertakes to discuss the inter- communicability of human and bovine tuberculosis is very different from what it would have been a week ago, for in the interval the greatest living authority on tuber- culosis— the world-renowed discoverer of the tubercle bacillus, and the man to whom we are mainly indebted for our knowledge of the cause of tuberculosis — has declared his conviction that human and bovine tuberculosis are practically two distinct diseases. I do not know how far the reasons assigned by Dr. Koch for the opinion which he now holds on this question may have commended themselves to the members of this Congress, and I am overwhelmed at finding myself in a position which compels me to offer some criticism on the pronouncement of one the latchet of whose shoes I am not worthy to unloose. ' That bovine and hvtman tuberculosis are identical diseases was generally supposed to have been finally determined by Dr. Koch himself, when he discovered that the human and the bovine lesions contained bacilli that were identical in morphological, tinctorial and cultural characters, and showed that the artificial cultures from both sources produced indistinguishable effects when they were employed to infect a variety of animals. The labours of hundreds of workers during the succeeding eighteen years produced nothing in serious conflict with the conclusion that human and bovine tuber- culosis were identical diseases, but they brought to light what appeared to be addi- tional evidence of this identity, such as the discovery that tuberculin produced a specific reaction in tuberculous cattle whether human or bovine bacilli had been CATTLE QUARANTINE 89 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 employed in its preparation. In short, the identity of the bacilli from the two sources appeared to be as firmly established as any other generaUy accepted opinion regard- ing the identity or non-identity of bacteria associated with disease in more than one species of animal. Since it thus appeared to be proved that the only diSerence between human and bovine tubercle bacilli lay in their accidentally different posi- tion— one being parasitic in man and the other in cattle — it was natural to conclude that, when circumstances were favourable for the transference of bacilli from one species to the other, human tuberculosis might have an animal origin, and vice versa. ' Opinions varied as to the frequency with which this transmission of tuberculosis from one species to the other occurred, but practically never within the last eighteen years regarding the possibility and probability of such reciprocal infection. What are the grounds upon which we are asked to discard convictions that appeared to rest on such a solid basis? I shall endeavour to state them briefly, as I understand Dr. Koch's train of reasoning. ' (1) The bacilli found in cases of bovine tuberculosis are much more virulent for cattle and other domestic quadrupeds than the bacilli found in cases of human tuberculosis. ' (2) This difference is so marked and so constant that it may be relied upon as a means of distinguishing the bacilli of bovine tuberculosis from those of the human disease, even assuming that the former may occa- sionally be found as a cause of disease in man. ' (3) If bovine bacilli are capable of causing disease in man, there are abun- dant opportunities for the transference of the bacilli from the one species to the other, and cases of primary intestinal tuberculosis from the con- sumption of tuberculous milk ought to be of common occurrence. But post-mortem examination of human beings proves that oases of primary intestinal tuberculosis are extremely rare in man, and therefore it must be concluded that the human subject is immune against infec- tion with the bovine bacilli, or it so slightly susceptible that it is not necessary to take any steps to counteract the risk of infection in this way. ' Now, with the utmost diffidence I venture to submit that at least one of the premises contained in this argument is not well founded, that the others have little or no bearing on the question, and that there still remain reasonable grounds for reg'arding tuberculous cows' milk as distinctly dangerous to human beings. ' It cannot be denied that what may be called bovine tubercle bacilli are as a rule distinctly more virulent for cattle and other domesticated animals than human bacilli, or that the results of experiments indicate that in natural circumstances there is little danger of cattle becoraing infected from human beings. But it cannot be admitted that the low virulence of human bacilli for cattle proves, or even makes it probably, that bovine bacilli have only a feeble pathogenic power for man. That might have been held to be probable if it had been shown that bovine bacilli were very virulent only for cattle, but since it is well established that these bacilli are highly dangerous for such diverse species as the rabbit, horse, dog, pig and sheep, and, in short, for almost eveiy quadruped on which they have been tried, it appears to be highly pro- bable that they are also dangerous to man. At any rate, it is impossible to cite any ascertained fact relating to other bacterial diseases that makes the contrary conclu- sion probable. It is well known that the majority of disease-exciting bacteria are harmful to only one or two species, but all those that are common to all the domesti- cated animals are also pathogenic to man. * With regard to the view that the difference between human and bovine bacilli in respect of virulence for cattle is of such a fixed and constant character that it may be relied upon to distinguish the one from the other, it need only be said that that 90 DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 is very far from proved. It appears to be quite possible that what may be called the normal or average viiiilence of bovine bacilli for cattle may be reduced by passage through the human subject. Besides, there are very great differences in the virulence of tubercle bacilli found in animals of the same species, and if a low degree of viru- lence for cattle is to be taken as the distinguishing feature of human bacilli, there will be no difficulty in proving that the human disease is sometimes transmitted to the lower animals. ' The third proposition in Dr. Koch's argument is the only one which is really germane to the point at issue, viz., that only cases of primary intestinal tuberculosis can possibly have had their origin in infected milk or meat, and that " such cases are extremely rare." Dr. Koch refers to several large series of post-mortem observa- tions that appear to justify this statement, and adds that he could have cited many more pointing to the same conclusion. Now, if it were a fact that all the statistics relating to this point were unanimous, it would have to be admitted that primary in- testinal tuberculosis is rare in the human subject, and that cases of infection through milk are still rarer, though even then it might be advisable to take measures to pre- vent the few cases. But the statistics are not by any means unanimous, and those that are likely to appeal with most force to the people in this country are not at all in accord with those quoted from Germany. During the last few years the evidence ob- tainable from the post-mortem records of two of the largest hospitals for children in this country have been analysed with great care, in order to see what evidence they afforded as to the relative frequency of the different methods of infection in tubercu- losis. In the case of the Hospital for Sick Children in Great Ormond Street this has been done by Dr. George Still, and in the case of the Eoyal Hospital for Sick Children in Edinburgh by Dr. Shennan. The conclusion at which Dr. Still arrived was that in 29 "1 per cent of the cases of tuberculosis in children, primary infection appeared to have taken place through the intestine. That is very far from being an insignificant proportion, and it is a striking fact that Dr. Shennan arrived at an almost identical conclusion, and estimated that 28 -1 per cent of the cases of tuberculosis among child- ren in Edinburgh are due to alimentary infection. There does not appear to be any ground for supposing that there is a large margin of error in these statistics, as the number of cases dealt with was considerable (547 in the two series), and in both series the post-mortem appearances were interpreted in a way to which no exception can be taken. In face of these statistics it is not possible to assent to the statement that cases of primary tuberculosis of the alimentary canal are extremely rare. Precisely the contrary conclusion is the one that must in the meanwhile be drawn with regard to the state of affairs in this country, viz., that, at least in children, primary infection by way of the alimentary canal is com.paratively common. 'I therefore submit that there is still a strong prima facie case against animal tuberculosis as a possible source of human tuberculosis, and it becomes necessary to consider whether there are any data from which one may estimate the extent of the danger to which human beings are exposed through the occurrence of tubercle bacilli in milk. * The evidence in favour of the view that the ingestion of tuberculous milk is one of the causes of human tuberculosis includes a number of recorded cases in which the relationship of cause and effect appeared to be obvious. From the nature of the cir- cumstances, evidence of this kind is very scanty, and it must be admitted that very few of the alleged examples are absolutely convincing. Tuberculosis is a disease that develops slowly, and, assuming for the moment that tubei'cle bacilli do occur in milk, and are a cause of disease in persons consuming such milk, it is obvious that, as a rule, the very act by which the infection is brought about destroys the only direct evidence of cause and effect that exists.' CATTLE QUARANTINE 91 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 LEGISLATION SUGGESTED FOE CONTKOLLING AND ERADICATING TUBERCULOSIS IN ANIMALS. (By Professor Duncan McEaohran, McGill University, Canada.) Bead in Section IV., British Congress on Tuberculosis,London,Englandj July 26,1901. ' The subject for discussion which I have the privilege of introducing to-day is one of very serious import, and one which requires to be very carefully considered in all its various bearings, last by proposing impractical enactments we nullify our good intentions and give rise (as has already been done in some countries and states), to bitter opposition by the owners of infected herds. ' Our efforts must be to educate the people, so that they themselves will volun- tarily adopt our suggestions ; and, with the assistance of the state, bring about a gradual diminution in the numbem of tuberculous animals in our herds ; and the adoption by every stock-owner in the land of thorough preventive measures by which its re-introduction will be rendered impossible. ' The first step, therefore, which I would recommend is the publication and dis- tribution among the masses, the agricultural population in particular, of information on the subject of tuberculosis. Much good work has already been done in this direction, but more must be done. If we look back for thirty-five years, when Villimin, Viseur, Chaveau, Gerlach, and others, were engaged in demonstrating the contagious char- acter and transmissibility of this disease, and compare our scanty knowledge then with the vast amount of information which, thanks to Koch, Bang, Nocard and many others, we now possess, it will be easily understood why we, who have been in the field of active work in the practical sense as practitioners and advisers of our gov- ernments, have in early days hesitated to advise active control or eradication measures, ■\, and why the governments have been slow to pass enactments bearing on the subject. 'It was in 1882 that Koch first communicated the results of his investigations of the etiology of tuberculosis before the Physiological Society of Berlin, followed by further communications later. The knowledge of its transmissibility being due to a specific bacillus, led to much investigation and experimentation. The reports and contributions to the literature of tuberculosis have for many years filled our jour- nals and book shelves to such an extent that no excuse is left for ignorance concern- ing the subject on the part of those interested in it. ' In citing evidence in support of any suggestions one may make as to legislation necessary to enable the people assisted by the government to control and subsequently eradicate tuberculosis from the lower animals, we necessarily must consider the mea- sures tried by those countries, especially in Europe and America which have dealt with it. It is to be hoped that in the course of the discussion some new practical suggestions will be adduced which this congress can recommend for adoption. ' Until Koch demonstrated that tuberculosis was due to the invasion of an organ-* ism, the tubercle bacillus, communicated either directly from an infected person or animal, or by intermediate sources of infection, especially by buildings, pathologists were content to attribute its existence and extension to heredity; when, however, its real nature and its pronounced contagious character came to be known, both medical and veterinary practitioners stood aghast in contemplation of the thousand and one blunders which crowded their memories consequent on want of this knowledge. ' I remember well when, thirty years ago, I had temerity enough to read a paper based on the continental investigations above referred to, before the Medico-Chirur- gical Society of Montreal, in which I ventured to say : " The experiments of con- tinental investigators have clearly established the close relationship between tuber- culosis in man and in animals, and the possibility of the disease being in many ways 92 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 transmitted frcm the one to the other ; and I am well aware that this disease is far more prevalent in the dairy herds supplying milk to the citizens of Montreal than is generally known, therefore, I feel it my duty to invoke the aid of this society in endeavouring to bring about certain sanitary improvements in connection with our meat and milk supply by the establishment of abattoirs under proper inspection; supervision of dairies and inspection of milk." Such was the limited information on these matters at that date that of about forty members present only one was in sym- pathy with the statements made. He was at the time a young man but recently graduated, who has since made his mark in the world of medical science ; I refer to Professor Wm. Osier of Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore. He alone would admit even the probability of contagion or intercommianicability from animals to mankind, or from mankind to animals, a doctrine which was to sweep away their long-cherished belief in heredity as its sole cause. ' Pursuing this subject by close observation and numerous investigations of herds in Canada, in which this disease existed, instance after instance came to my knowledge of cases where the infecting animal was clearly traced to a diseased herd. ' Valuable herds were destroyed by its introduction, and several owners brought to the verge of ruin. At the period to which I refer, shorthorn cattle (Bates and Booth families) had attained fabulous values, £5,000 being a common price for a Duchess heifer, one cow being sold for nearly £9,000 in the State of New York. Many of theiii v,ere tuberculous. * The frequent discovery by clinical examination of tuberculous cattle imported from Britain passing through our quarantines, tuberculosis not being legally classified as a contagioiis disease at that time, obliged me to urge on the government the neces- sity for amending the Animal Contagious Diseases Act so as to include tuberculosis in the list of contagious diseases. This was done in 1886, thus enabling us to put a stop to such dangerous animals being admitted to the country to the serious detri- ment of our home herds. ' Members of my own and of the medical profession did not hesitate to say that this Act was premature owing to the etiology of the disease being not then suffi- ciently understood. ' Were proofs wanting of its contagiousness, I could furnish sufficient to con- vince the most skeptical but I would be wasting your time by their recital. I must, however, crave your indulgence for a few minutes while I make some general allu- sions to this characteristic of the disease. ' The infection of healthy animals we know takes place readily from cohabita- tion, the bacilli gaining entrance by the respiratory organs in most cases but by the digestive tract in many, especially in calves when suckled by diseased mothers and calves, pigs and other animals fed on milk, or on dairy by-products containing living bacilli ; in pigs when allowed to eat tuberculous matter found in carcasses and slaughter-house refuse given them as food, probably, too, in rare instances, from . eating the ilesh of tuberculous animals. It is to the buildings themselves, however, we must look for the chief source of infection, and to neglect of disinfection and sanitation must we attribute in a great measure the continuance of the disease and reinfections with which we are familiar. I could cite repeated instances of herds cleared out and new purchases made, with every care in purchasing, being followed by new cases of tuberculosis ; so that I feel that too much trouble cannot be taken by practitioners who are employed to eradicate this disease, to make sure that the buildings are aseptic and that sufficient air space is provided as well as a rational system of ventilation, whereby pure air is admitted and foul air driven out, also that properly trapped drains carry off the liquid excrements and prevent the return of noxious vapours. * The importance of pure air and sunshine cannot be overstated in considering the prevention of tuberculosis. It is, however, a mistake to suppose that infection CATTLE QUARANTINE 93 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 will not take place when diseased and healthy cattle are brought together, even when these conditions exist in the very highest degree. ' I have seen tuberculosis prevalent in ranche cattle, few of which were ever under a roof, ranging on the foothills of the Eocky Mountains in Montana. I have known of a valuable herd of Polled Angus which were brought into the Peace River country in the far North-west of Canada, which proved to be tuberculous and was ultimately exterminated in consequence. In these and other instances which might be referred to, pure air and sunshine certainly prevailed, yet it did not prevent infec- tion taking place when they were congregated in corrals, bunched together during fly time, or in infected sheds in winter. HEREDITY. * To eliminate heredity entirely from the causative factors would be an error, but we are safe in saying that it plays a very unimportant part in its extension. The rarity of the disease being found in calves at birth in all countries has been noticed by Professors Bang, Siedamgrotsky and others, and the immense success attending the rearing of calves from tuberculous cows by Bang's system in Denmark and other countries, including Canada, prove conclusively that it is not hereditary in the same sense as gout or insanity are known to be transmitted from parent to progeny. ' When visiting Professor Bang at Copenhagen three years ago he showed me two newly born calves sent in by an inspector ; in the livers of both tubercles were found. ' Uterine tuberculosis when seen is generally associated with generalized milliary tuberculosis, especially when it is peritoneal. ' The rarity of tuberculosis in the male genital organs precludes the probability of infection by copulation except in very rare instances ; hence, we infer that when the newly born calf is found tuberculous, infection has probably taken place within a diseased uterus. ' By far the most numerous infections have occurred after birth. Bang says : "I had occasion to observe more than 400 cases of tuberculosis either in foetuses or newly born calves ; nevertheless the number of congenital tuberculosis has scarcely gone beyond 0*33 per cent of the killed calves, even in the most infected region." 'While intra-uterine infection from a diseased mother is occasionally seen, con- genital tuberculosis plays a very unimportant part in the continuance and extension of the disease, compared with the many ways in which the essential factor in its pro- duction, viz., the tubercle bacillus, gains an entrance to the animal body, in other words, tuberculosis is a contagious disease, not an hereditary one as was supposed. THE DIAGNOSIS OF TUBERCULOSIS. * The clinical diagnosis of tuberculosis even by the most expert clinical examiner, except in advanced cases, is always unreliable, as tubercle may exist in such a stage as to be impossible of diagnosis by this means. THE TUBERCULIN TEST. * The discovery by Koch in 1890 of the production of fever, indicated by a rise in temperature in tuberculous animals into which he injected a sterilised glycerine ex- tract of pure cultures of tubercle bacilli, while if: produced no effect whatever when tlie animals were free from that disease, furnished us with a siniple Init very reliable diagnostic agent. ' Thp effects prodviced by this discovery on il.e commercial aspect of the business of the dairyman and cattle-breeder has been hi many in-5tanoes most disasterous. 94 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Herds which were supposed to be free from disease were discovered by this test to be tuberculous, dairy businesses have been ruined, justly so we must admit, for no man has a right to sell milk or dairy products manufactured from it when derived from diseased cows, any more than a breeder of purebred stock has to sell animals suffering from a contagious disease from which recovery is the exception. ' The exposure by this means of the prevalence of the disease, especiMll;/ in dairy cattle, naturally aroused anxiety in the minds of the guardians of the public health, a furor was thus created, and the public mind greatly disturbed when, in addition to this, its intercommunicability to human beings was made known. * Hence we find many dairymen and cattlemen in all countries denouncing tuber- culin and protesting against its use ; not all dairymen, nor all breeders however joined in this denunciation of what is well known to be a safe, harmless, but reliable means of detecting this disease even in its most incipient stages. * In Canada during the past year from K"ovember 1 to ISTovember 1 there were 17,Y85 head of dairy cattle tested officially by voluntary application of the owners, on condition that the entire herd be tested and all reacting animals quarantined for life, without compensation. Of this number only 358 reacted, or about 2 per cent. 'What opposition we met with came from breeders who had suspicious herds, or herds which by private testing were known to be diseased ; it came chiefly from men who combined importing for speculative purposes with breeding. ' In some of these cases the importers, we have reason to believe, were not ignorant of the cattle being tuberculous, in others we fear the man who paid the money was a victim of imposition or gross neglect of his interests on the part of his agent. *I will cite one instance of each case which came under my personal notice, (a). A herd of thriteen cattle arrived at the Point Levis quarantine, two of them showing clinical symptoms of the disease. Examination of the chart which accompanied them showed that it was not genuine. It was therefore decided to test them, to which the person who had imported them objected, and while correspondence was going on one cow died from acute generalized tuberculosis ; of the rest all reacted but one and on post-mortem examination all were found tuberculous. (&). A gentleman of large means decided to import a herd of useful but not high-priced shorthorns. He sent an agent to purchase and import them. This agent was instructed to use every precau- tion by testing and otherwise to secure animals free from tuberculosis. They were bought in Ireland without testing them, they were brought to Scotland, there tested ; two were rejected, the balance shipped to Canada with a chart which was not quite satisfactory, and on retesting them by request of the owner five out of thirteen re- acted. ' Personally, I believe with Prof. Nocard that tuberculin does not lie ; how is it then that so many tuberculous cattle come to us in America, accompanied by charts and certificates of health ? 'If the importer is a party to fraud, then he should be severely dealt with, if negligent, then he should pay the penalty of his negligence, for he has no right to import animals suffering from a contagious disease. *It is possible that agents or middlemen deal in suspectfed cattle which are bought knowingly by the one class of importer, or foisted on to the other ? Is the professional man employed to test for export imposed on by previous tuberculination nullifying or at least rendering uncertain his honestly applied test ? Are all such men above suspicion (my own experience in a few instances in Canada compels me to say no) or is it the tuberculin that is at fault ? * When we meet with reactions varying from forty to ninety per cent in cattle certified as healthy, as is found in both Canadian and United States importations, such questions force themselves on us, and are sufficient explanation of why both governments have each decided to keep a professional man in Britain on whose charts alone will cattle be allowed to pass through our quarantines without retesting. CATTLE QUARANTINE 95 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 REACTION. ' We are often asked by importers and testers in Britain what reaction we con- sider indicates tuberculosis ? Experience has taught us that it is not the extent of the rise in temperature eo much as its character taken in conjunction with attendant circumstances. Ordinarily a rise of 2 degrees F. above the highest normal is due to tubercle being present ; but the single occurrence during the day of such a rise may be due to some accidental circumstance. A typical reaction is arched, the maximum, temperature occurring about the seventeenth hour, falling to normal about the twenty- fourth hour or sooner in many cases. The character of the reaction may be altered by copious draughts of cold water, or a lowering of the body temperature from any cause ; so also does the raising of the body heat from such causes as flies, atmospheheric heat and scarcity of water, all of which produce variations in the reactions. In addition to which might be mentioned applying the test when the animal is excited from any cause such as driving cows in from the field to the stable, railroad journeys, steamboat conveyance, change of climate, change of byre, bulling, stage of the disease (in ad- vanced cases often no reaction follows), and what to us is most important, the un- certainty of reaction for months after injection of tuberculin. x\s I said above, tuberculin can be almost absolutely relied upon if properly used, there is no other diagnostic agent to be compared with it, yet it is capable of much abuse, and is often improperly used. OBJECTIONS URGED AGAINST THE TUBERCULIN TEST. * In my opinion, there is not one argument used by cattle-owners or importers against its use tenable. * I have never known a single instance of a person owning a healthy herd lift his voice against it, but I could multiply instances of men becoming almost maniacal in their denunciation of the test since it has been required in the intornationai live stock trade between the United States and Canada as well as in importations from Europe, men whose herds when tested reacted sufficiently to warrant one in suspect- ing previous knowledge from private testing on their rart. ' With a view to get at the truth of some of their objections, I sent circular letters to inspectors ihi'oughout Canada, in which I asked replies to the following questions, suggested by newsiiaper discussions on the subject : — * 1. Do you know of any cases in whioh the use of tuberculin as a test has pro- duced abortion ? 2. Do :>ou know of any instance in which a bull has been rendered impotent by the use of tuberculin ? ']. ])o you know of any case in which the general healtJx of the animals has been injured by the tuberculin test ? -i. How many cattle have you tested during the past year ? 5. How many post-mortem examinations have you witnessed of animals condemned in consequence of having reacted to the test ? 6. In how many instances did you fail to find tubercle ? ' The replies are all negative to the first three questions , to the fourth, they aggregate 2-2,02o head ; to the fifth, 579; and to the sixth, cen and one doubtful. ' Prof. Leonard Pearson, State Veterinarian for Pennsylvania, states in his report for 1899 that "of 4,400 post-mortem examinations made tuberculosis was found in all but eight animals that had reacted." *I also sent similar questions to a few of the farmers who had most experience with it. The following replies will represent the others : * In answer to the first question : Do you think that tlie test injures cattle in any way, he says, " ISTo, I do not think there is the least injury in the tuberculin test. 96 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Our herd of over iiltj- head have been tested three years in succession, and I fail to notice any injurious effects whatever from the test." ' In answer to question No. 2 : Have you ever had any bad results that you could attribute to the use of tuberculin ? he says, " None. I am using a bull that has been tested five years in succession, and is seven years old, and a more active, healthy animal I never saw, a very sure animal, you may judge, by our dairy of forty-two cows there is only one farrow. As to abortion, we do not have near the trouble that we had before we commenced testing, for I consider that wo have a healthy herd now. Previous to the testing of our dairy, we had very serious trouble with abortion." ' " 1. I do not know of any case wherein the use of tuberculin has produced abor- tion, and on our farms we have tested cows at all stages, up to within a very short time of calving. ' " 2. I have never known of a case wherein a bull was rendered impotent or injured in any degree whatever by the use of the tuberculin test. ' " 3. I have not known of a single case wherein the application of the tuberculin test aifected prejudicicusly in the slightest degree the general health of animals tested therewith. ' " L We have had between three and four hundred cattle tested. ' " 5. I have not personally witnessed any post-mortem examinations, but I have had reports from the veterinary surgeon who does our work on every animal which was condemned as a restdt of the test and in almost every one positive traces of the disease were found." * From these facts we deduce the following : — * (a) Tuberculosis is essentially a contagious disease, and ought to be classi- fied and acknowledged by every country and state in the world as such. * (h) It is insidious in its character and in only a few cases comparatively can it be diagnosed by physical examination ; but in tuberculin we have a safe and reli- able test by which even latent cases can be diagnosed. ' (c) That tuberculin is harmless ; it does not produce abortion in pregnant cows, impotency in bulls or in any way produce any injurious effect on animals tested by it. METHODS ADOPTED BY DIFFERENT COUNTRIES. * Some years ago in Massachusetts compulsory testing was tried but was found to be impracticable, and met with strong opposition. " Belgium adopted somewhat similar methods with similar results. It had to be given up, and at present the killing is restricted to animals in which the diagnosis can be made by clinical examination. * In Switzerland free testing is practised, all clinically diseased are slaughtered, reacting animals are marked by cutting out a triangular portion of the ear. * In France, immediate slaughter of clinically diseased animals, and slaughter within one year of reacting ones. ' In Germany, tuberculin is furnished free, and monetary aid is given to those who adopt the Danish system and otherwise resort to prophylactic measures for its eradication. In most of the German states it is required to sterilize the creamery and dairy products and their by-products, skim and butter-milk. ' In Denmark free testing is done on voluntary application, clinically diseased are killed, the others are divided into healthy and reacting ; these are separated in dif- ferent buildings or partitions are used to divide the byres ; in one section the healthy, in the other the diseased are placed. The reacting ones are bred from, the calves are reared on milk, from healthy cows or pasteurized milk, or milk which has been heated sufficiently to kill the tubercle bacilli. The success of this plan has been fidly demon- strated by Prof. Bang. CATTLE QUARANTINE 97 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 * lu America, both in the United States and in Canada, for a number of years all cattle imported from Europe were tested in the quarantines. A few years ago im- porters urged that the practice too often led them into serious losses, viz., the value of the diseased animals as well as freight and other expenses incurred, and dis- couraged, as a consequence, importation generally. To meet the views of importers the Canadian Minister of Agriculture ordered that a number of veterinarians throughout Britain be selected, whose charts of tests would be accepted without test- ing again in Canadian quarantines. This plan worked very badly, as numbers of diseased cattle were imported ; several valuable herds being found clinically diseased were slaughtered. ' The United States had similar experiences with British charts of testing. This IS regrettable, as both countries acknowledge the great results obtained by British breeders in producing excellent cattle, knowing as they do, that on no other spot on earth can cattle of equal merit be produced. There is something in the soil, and the air of the sea-girt isle so favourable to the production of high class bovines, that breeders abroad must come to Britain for fresh blood to keep up their herds, other- wise marked degeneration is soon apparent. For this reason each country, rather than prohibit importation altogether, has appointed a veterinarian to do the testing, and on their charts alone cattle are admitted to both countries without being tested in quarantine. ' In Canada testing is done at government expense, when voluntary application is made for testing the whole herd, and reacting animals are quarantined for life. ' Bang's system is coming much into practice in Canada. In a few herds it has been successful in a remarkable degree ; no compulsory measures have been tried. ' Tuberculosis exists in Canada to a limited extent only. No statistics for the entire Dominion are available, but the following figures indicate this. Testing has so far been confined almost entirely to dairy herds, and was employed in the most of these owing to suspicion or knowledge of infection — Year Tested. Reacted. 1897-98 6,516 412 1898-99 16,882 451 1899-1900 17,785 358 THE FOLLOWING REGULATIONS AEE ENFORCED BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA. Breeding Stoch. Sec. 21, All cattle to be admitted for breeding purposes shall be accompanied by- (a) A declaration made by the importer that they are actually for breeding and no other purposes, (&) A certificate signed by a government veterinarian, specially selected and appointed for this duty, that they have been subjected to the tuberculin test and found free from tuberculosis. Such certificates must show the date of testing and chart of reaction, with a description of the animal, giving age and markings. The importer may be required to swear that the certificate refers to the animal repre- sented. (c) A certificate of inspection signed by a government veterinarian showing that the animals are free from contagious disease, and that no contagious disease of cattle (excepting tuberculosis and actinomycosis) exists in the district whence they came. (d) When not accompanied by such certificates the animal or animals must be detained in quarantine one week and subjected to the tuberculin test. (e) Should they be found tuberculous they must be returned to the country from which shipped or slaughtered without compensation. 15—7 98 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Fat Cattle and Cattle for Feeding, Including Range Cattle for Stocking Ranches. Section 22. This class of animals shall be accompanied by a certificate of in- spection, signed by an official veterinarian, showing that the animals are free from contagious disease, and that no contagious disease of cattle (excepting tuberculosis and actinomycosis) exists in the district whence they came. Settlers' Cattle. Section 23. Settlers' cattle when accompanied by certificates of health to be ad- mitted without detention, when not so accompanied they must be inspected. Inspect- ors may subject any cattle showing symptoms of tuberculosis to the tuberculin test before allowing them to enter. Section 24. Any cattle found tuberculous to be returned to the United States (or killed without indemnity). ' The following extracts from copies of the laws and regulations governing the control and for the eradication of tuberculosis in individual states furnished me by the authorities may be cited with advantage, and can be found more in detail in a bulletin recently issued by Dr. Salmon, Chief of the Bureau of Animal Industry at Washing^ton. STATE LEGISLATION WITH REFERENCE TO BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS. Illinois. — Legislation under Board of Live Stock Commissioners. Their rules and regulations are as follows : — All cases reported to board. When physical condition indicates tuberculosis all exposures are quarantined till tested under direction of the board. Rise of two degrees or more (if in opinion of veterinarian in charge is due to tuberculin) consti- tutes reaction, and such animals must be isolated and held in quarantine till slaught- ered and examined post-mortem. Rise of 1"5 and less than 2 degrees is suspicious, must be isolated and quarantined for retest. Maximum indemnity not to exceed $75. Classification for compensation : Class A. — No lesions. Full appraisal. " B. — Incipient disease, 75 per cent of appraised value. " C. — Infected for one year, 50 per cent of appraised value. " D. — Infected for two years, 35 per cent of ajtpraised value. " E. — Infected for three years, 25 per cent of appraised value. " F. — Infected for more than three years, 15 per cent of appraised value. Should proceeds of carcass exceed percentage valuation, owner receives full amount. Definite legislation needed with money to carry out provisions. Time not ripe for drastic measures. Iowa. — ^No special legislation. Tuberculin used where necessity and public safety demand. Reacting animals tagged and quarantined, provision being made that they may be shipped to any abattoir in the state for slaughter subject to inspection by bureau inspector, state veterinarian or one of his assistants. No remuneration save what animal wdll bring as fertilizer. Thirty per cent of the reacting animals are condemned on post-mortem. Work that is done, is done thoroughly, but more is needed. Kansas. — ^No specific laws. Must be tested on entering the state. May be brought in for show purposes without test, but if sold must be tested before allowed to stay in state. At the present time there is litigation as to legality of rules and regulations. CATTLE QUARANTINE 99 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 Kentuchy. — "No special legislation. May be dealt with by State Board of Health. Animal cannot be condemned until examined by competent veterinarian. Indemnity is not provided for. Maine. — Commission of three persons appointed by governor. Necessary quaran- tine enforced, half compensation for animals destroyed providing they have been in the state a year or more. Compensation not to exceed $100 for pedigreed or $50 for grade stock. Appraisal not being accepted by owner, rigid quarantine enforced. Tuberculin test not officially designated. Regulations sufficient, but not enough funds for enforcing properly. Massachusetts. — General laws on contagious diseases cover tuberculosis. Com- pensation to full value not to exceed $40 in any case. Tuberculin restricted to cattle brought in from without the state, excepting upon written request of the owner and on such animals as are condemned as being tuberculous by a competent veterinary surgeon. No compensation granted unless rules regarding disinfection, cleanliness, ventilation, light and water supply are complied with as directed by the commission. Owners using tuberculin are not entitled to indemnity for animals which react, unless the testing is done by its Board of Cattle Commissioners or by its direction. Regulations work well and good work done, but more money could be spent to advantage. Michigan. — General law on contagious diseases ; no special on tuberculosis. State veterinarian is acting under general law against tuberculosis. On complaint of local board of health or individuals, suspected cases of tuberculosis are tested. Reacting animals are destroyed or rigidly quarantined. No provision against entrance of tuber- culous cattle. Governor has power to prevent but conunissioner has not seen fit to protect the state. Minnesota. — General legislation applies, empowering local or state board of health to act. Two tuberculin tests are required to condemn a tuberculous animal, and must be given within three months and in not less than two months. No further legis- lation. Experience shows inefficiency of procedure now in vogue. Montana. — Towns of 5,000 or over to have meat and milk inspector, who must be a graduate of reputable veterinary medical college. All animals supplying milk to the public must have a certificate of tuberculin test, and are inspected every month. Laws just passed, and it is thought that they will prove sufficient if carried out to the letter. Not much tuberculosis in the state, only about 5 per cent. New Hampshire. — General law relates to tuberculosis. Co-operation is general with federal bureau. Indemnity, full appraised value, to be paid by towns which are reimbursed four-fifths by the state. Such animals must have been owned within the state three months before detection of disease. Cattle entering the state must be tested under authority of board of commissioners. Pasturage permits granted on physical examination by competent veterinarian, a graduate of a recognized school. Massacuhusetts cattle, tagged by the Massachusetts Cattle Commission, allowed to go to New Hampshire for pasturing and return to Massachusetts without test. Upon request by cattle-owner, he may have his herd officially inspected by the board. If inspector deems it necessary, tuberculin is used, and owner must conform to measures prescribed by board. Test applied at state's expense and half value for all animals reacting. Precautionary measures to stamp out disease at owner's expense. Experience shows that enforcement of sanitary measures is as important as the destruction of diseased animals. Ventilation, light, exercise of animals, and dis* infection regarded as the most important part of the work. Progress is being made in suppression. Radical measures not needed. 15—71 100 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 New Jersey. — Commission of seven, oomi>osed of president and secretary of Board of Agriculture, and five otliers appointed by the president. Examine herds on request, but tuberculin test is optional with the commission. Condemned animals appraised at market value, and three-fourths paid to owner. All cattle from without the state are tested. Gradually lessening prevalence by educating fanners as to its character and the need of greater care in breeding, stabling, sunlight and ventilation. State of New TorTc. — Tuberculin applied upon written request under conditions prescribed by Commissioner of Agriculture. Commissioner may order test, holding a reacting animal in strict quarantine. He may condemn, quarantine or slaughter when tuberculosis is found on physical examination. Compensation shall not exceed $60 for thoroughbred and $40 for grade, providing animal is not found to be dis- eased at the post-mortem. If the animal is diseased with disease for which it was killed or other dangerously contagious or infection disease, no compensation is allowed. Animals entering the state passing the federal authorites are allowed to pro- ceed. North Dakota. — Tuberculosis under general legislation. State and district veter- inarians can deal with subject. Cattle from without the state must have certificate of health or be examined by state official. Tuberculin test not specified. Pennsylvania. — All animals entering the state must be tested with tuberculin. Other testing left to discretion of board. Compensation not more than $25 for in- fected grade and $50 for infected registered stock. Measures for combating this dis- ease, as well as others, at discretion of board, and are not inflexible. Rhode Island. — Appraisal for ' scrub ' animal $50, grade $75, and registered $100. In event of animal being found infected at autopsy, state pays half value, but if healthy, full value. Animals must be owned within the state at least three months previous. Cattle coming into the state must be tested with tuberculin. Utah. — Cattle having tuberculosis shall not be kept by dairymen, and shall be killed by the dairy and food commissioners. There is no provision for the tuberculin test or for indemnity. Vermont. — Tuberculin test without expecse on application, and whole herd must be tested. Such herds cannot admit new animals unless they undergo the test. Re- acting animals must be killed and buried or burned at the expense of the owners. Owners retain the hides. Board regulates right to retest when considered necessary. Rules of board where herds are tested regarding disinfection must be observed. Cattle entering the state from without must be tested by person approved by board and expense borne by owner. Animals killed by written order of the board, appraised, such appraisal not to exceed $40. Post-mortem held, and if tuberculosis or other disease dangerous to public health is found, owner receives half appraised value. Such animal shall have been in the state six months previous to discovery of disease. Experience shows that if rules are followed for disinfection, disease is stamped out. Persuasion used by board to induce testing of suspected herd. Measures radical enough at present, for the public must considered and be in sympathy with the move- ment rather than antagonistic. Virginia. — Tuberculosis is classed as a highly contagious and infectious disease. Board of Control of Agricultural College has power to enforce such measures for its control as are deemed necessary. ' Educate the people by furnishing them with the most important scientific and practical facts known about the disease. Much good has been done in Canada by the distribution broad-cast of bulletins among the agricultural population on this and kindred subjects. CATTLE QUARANTINE 101 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 INSURANCE. 'At the Vllth International Veterinary Congress, held at Baden Baden two years ago. Professor Siedamgrotzky suggested a system of insurance which, if it could be carried out, would be a common sense way of lessening individual losses con- sequent on eradication by slaughter of clinically diseased and reacting animals. * This is, however, surrounded by many practical difficulties, yet it is well worthy of the consideration of this congress. * An effort should be made to provide an indemnity fund by this or some other way, the public purse contributing a liberal share, otherwise I fear the progress made in eradication will be slow. * In the state of Illinois, United States of America, indemnity is paid by the state, on a plan which is worthy of imitation. ' A maximum value is fixed at, say, £15. Diseased cattle are classified as follows after being slaughtered : — Class A in which no lesions are found .... Full appraised value. " B in incipient stage 75 p. c. appraised value. " C infected for one year 50 " " " D infected for two years 35 " " " E infected for three years 25 " " " F infected for over three years .... 15 " " * Should the proceeds of the sale of the carcass exceed the percentage valuation, the owner is paid the full amount so received. SUGGESTED LEGISLATION. * No legislation will accomplish the end in view unless the measures are such that the public are in sympathy with them rather than antagonistic to them. 'I. Tuberculosis should be included in the list of contagious diseases. Tuber- culous animals should consequently come under the provisions of the Animal Contagious Disease Act, but the local authorities should have power to allow the sale and movement of such parts of the carcasses as are known not to carry con- tagion, such as hides, hoofs, horns and hair, thus preventing unnecessary loss. * II. All foreign animals admitted for breeding or dairy purposes should be tested by the tuberculin test. Tuberculous animals should be prohibited from entering. 'III. Tuberculin should be controlled, and none but qualified veterinarians be allowed to use it ; and all reacting animals should be reported, marked and quaran- tined. * IV. All animals showing clinical symptoms of tuberculosis, especially disease of the udder, lungs, uterus or bowels should be killed at once ; and all scrub and grade animals reacting should be killed within six months. Pure bred cattle may be bred from under Bang's system in quarantine for life. ' V. All testing other than of imported animals should be by voluntary applica- tion for a test of the entire herd, and the expense should be borne by the state; a reac- tion of 2 degrees to be understood to indicate tuberculosis, IJ degrees as suspicious. Suspicious animals to be quarantined and retested in three months, unless clinical symptoms develop, when they would be at once condemned. The government to have the right to order retest when considered necessary. ' VI. Disinfection of premises should be ordered by special regulations, the carrying out of which will be superintended by government officials. 102 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 CIRCULAR re TUBERCULIN TESTING. * The following circular is about to be printed and distributed throughout Canada for the information of the public- TESTING CATTLE FOR TUBERCULOSIS BY GOVERNMENT VETERINARIANS. In consequence of dissatisfaction having been expressed by the Bureau of Animal Industry of the United States Government at Washington with the results of testing of animals purchased in Canada for importation into the United States, an agreement was entered into in February, 1901, between Secretary Wilson, of the United States Department of Agriculture, and the Honourable Sydney Fisher, Minister of Agri- culture for Canada, whereby all testing of cattle intended for the United States must be done by permanent official veterinarians duly appointed and paid by the govern- ment. This necessitated the cancellation of a large number of nominations of veterin- arians throughout the Dominion for the purpose of testing, as well as increasing the number of permanent officials, who alone are authorized to test for export to the United States. A list of these in each province is herewith appended. TIME AT WHICH TESTING IS TO BE DONE. Cattle for export will be tested at any time due notice is given to the Department of Agriculture at Ottawa, so that the first available officer may be sent to make the test. TESTING OF CATTLE NOT FOR EXPORT. Practical experience has demonstrated that for many reasons it is undesirable to test dairy stock from March to October. Many cannot be tested, owing to being advanced in pregnancy ; the disturbance of the cattle in removing them from the fields into byres, change of food, heat, flies, all interfere with the reliability of the test ; besides, much valuable time is lost by owners and inspectors, when the work is done during the busy season. Therefore, no testing will be done of dairy stock or of any stock not for export, except from October 1 to March 1, or at the period of the year in which the cattle are regularly housed. Applications should not be sent to inspectors direct. When so sent, delays and disappointments occur, whereas, when sent to the department, a proper disposition is made. Should it be found that more applications are sent than can be complied with by the permanent staff, a sufficient number of qualified local veterinarians to test animals not intended for exportation ta the United States will be temporarily employed. TESTING IN GREAT BRITAIN FOR IMPORTATION TO CANADA. It was considered necessary for the protection of Canadian cattle to take special measures to prevent tuberculous animals being imported, and for this purpose an official veterinarian was appointed and located in Glasgow. The United States gov- ernment took similar action, their inspector being located at London, and, for mutual convenience, it was agreed that each country would accept the certificates of either inspector, and cattle arriving accompanied by a certificate of test signed by either of the inspectors need not be retested before leaving quarantine. When not accompanied by these certificates, they will be tested by the quarantine superintendent before being allowed to leave the quarantine. CATTLE QUARANTINE 103 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 LIST OF OFFICIAL VETEKINAEIANS AUTHOKIZED TO TEST FOR EXPORTATION TO THE UNITED STATES. Prince Edward Island — W. H. Pethick, V.S., Central Bedeque. Nova Scotia — William Jakeman, D.V.S., Halifax. New Brunswick — J. H. Frink, V.S., St. John. Quehec — J. A. Couture, D.V.S., Quebec, V. T. Daubigny, D.V.S., Montreal. A. E. Moore, D.V.S., Montreal. C. H. Higgins, D.V.S., Montreal. Ontario — Wm. Stubbs, V.S., Toronto. J. H, Tennent, V.S., London. Geo. H. Higginson, V.S., Rockland. Manitoba — Chas. H. Little, V.S., Winnipeg. North-west Territories — J. C. Hargrave, D.V.S., Medicine Hat. British Columbia — J. B. Hart, D.V.S., Vancouver. OFFICIAL VETERINARIANS FOR TESTING IN GREAT BRITAIN. J. G. Rutherford, V.S., care of Canadian Government Agency, Glasgow, Scotland. Tooie A. Geddes, V.S., care of U. S. Consxd General's Office, London, England. List of United States Official Veterinarians furnished by Dr. Salmon, November 27, 1901, as * A correct list of inspectors to whom are referred practically all of the inspections and tests of cattle for export to Canada.' Bennett, D. S. E., 44 Kilby Street, Boston, Mass. Corlis, Dr. W. S., Watertown, N.Y. Cowie, Dr. Chas., Ogdensburg, N.Y. Gumming, Dr. David, 719 Park Street, Port Huron, Mich. Dealman, Dr. J. F., Sault Ste. Marie, Mich. Huntington, Dr. F. W., 37 Union Street, Portland, Me. Green, Dr. L. K., Detroit, Mich. Ketchum, Dr. F. D., South, St. Paul, Minn. Knowles, Dr. M. E., Helena, Montana. Mayne, Dr. H. D., Malone, N.Y. Morin, Dr. C. L., St. Albans, Vt. Potter, Dr. H. T., Calais, Me. Russell, Dr. F. L., Orono, Me. Volgenau, Dr. E. L., Live Stock Exchange Building, East Buffalo, N.Y. Ward, Dr. G. W., Newport, Vt. Zink, Dr. C. H., Live Stock Exchange Building, East Buffalo, N.Y. A. L. JARVIS, Acting Deputy Minister of Agriculture. J04 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 I take the liberty of reproduciBg here the following extract from the Farming World of September 4, 1900, on Canadian cattle quarantines : — THE CATTLE QUARANTINE SYSTEM OF CANADA. 'Every agriculturist in Canada has an interest in the health of animals, but fortunately for him it has so far been a passive one. Unlike his brother farmers in European countries, he has enjoyed almost complete immunity from the ruinous effects of contagious diseases in animals ; probably most of us have not asked why. We purpose in a short article written up from authentic records which we have been able to consult, to inform the younger portion of our readers how the cattle quarantine originated. ' The first record of any suggestion of cattle quarantine is found in a letter addressed to the Minister of Agriculture, dated Montreal, September 28, 1875, signed Duncan McEachran, which we here reproduce : Montreal, September 28, 1875. ' Sir, — The consideration of contagious diseases and infectious diseases with a view to prevent their introduction into this country is a subject to which my attention has long been directed. Having had considerable experiences of them in Britain before coming to this country and during my recent visit to Europe I visited several farms to familiarize myself with foot and mouth disease, and from numerous confer- ences with professional men on the subject, I gathered what practical information I could relative to them and the best means of dealing with them. By the careful study of the works of Fleming, Gamgee and others, I hope I have prepared myself to be of some service to the department in taking the proper measures in endeavour- ing to preserve our valuable herds of farm stock free from contagious diseases of a preventable character. * It is a well-established fact that " cattle plague," " pleuro-pneumonia," " foot and mouth disease," " small-pox in sheep," were all introduced into Great Britain by stock imported from infected districts on the continent of Europe, that they spread entirely in the lines of commercial communication, and that they are propagated by con- tagion and contagion alone. * For want of proper preventive measures, these diseases have from time to time been introduced and spread over the British Isles, bringing death, or almost equally ruinous deterioration in value of the entire stock, as for the time being to paralyze the agricultural industries of the country, and create dearth and destitution among the labouring classes. The annual loss to the mother country is counted by millions of pounds sterling. ' Our country is essentially agricultural ; the stock interests represent a very large proportion of our wealth. So far, we have enjoyed almost perfect immunity from such diseases. This fact alone has directed the attention of other countries to Canada as a rich source of meat supply, and the industry properly preserved and judiciously encouraged, will doubtless soon become a rich source of revenue. ' That active steps are necessary need not be doubted. When we know for a fact that in England, owing to the unusual prevalence of such diseases, it is almost impos- sible for animals to be shipped from an uninfected district, and that it is quite possible for an animal on being shipped, presenting no symptoms by which the disease could be recognized, the stage of incubation (period elapsing from introduction of disease germ till development of symptoms) in foot and mouth varies from twenty-four hours to twelve days ; cattle plague, usually about five or six days, but by many is said to extend to sixteen or eighteen days ; pleuro-pneumonia, from thirty days to ten or sixteen weeks, and, further, that it is a fact that hay, straw, blankets, halters. CATTLE QUARANTINE 105 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 clothing of attendants, &c., may be the medium of conveying and propagating the contagion, the presence of which in these articles no inspection or examination can determine till the effects declare the fact. That the effect of a visitation of the least virulent of the above diseases to a herd, by death, loss of flesh and injury to the con- stitution, cessation of the secretion of milk, abortion, want of conception, &c., reduces its value to one-third or one-fourth. That these diseases, with proper precautions, are preventible, I have every reason to believe. The length of time elapsing from the time of shipment to their landing in the country, with the tendency for sea-sickness to lessen the incubative period, are all favourable to an early development of the symp- toms after landing, and, thereby, enable us to shorten the duration of quarantine. Our cold, clear climate during winter, and our dry atmosphere during simimer, in my opinion, would make such diseases more controllable than in the humid, heavy atmosphere of Britain. But, on the other hand, we know from experience of epizootics among horses, once the disease is propagated, these very circumstances favour the spreading in a most extraordinary degree. ' I have taken the views of our most extensive importers, and find that a system of quarantine would meet the aproval of all of them. * Should the department desire it, I will be happy to lay before them, either by letter or interview, some suggestions as to how this could be carried out without dis- turbing the cattle trade of the country, but on the other hand, securing it by preserving a clean bill of health to our valuable herds, believing, as I do, with Professor Gamgee : " That it is of the higiiest importance to protect the property of our people, to prevent an improvident waste of life and money and submit a choice of evils to some inter- ference with the freedom of the subject whenever the doings of one man or a few are likely to injure the million," an interference which would be approved of most by those whom it would most affect. Doubtless, the carrying out of a thorough system of inspection, quarantine and disinfection would occupy time and cost money, but the advantages to the country would be very great. ' The above is most respectfully submitted by Your obedient servant, (Signed) D. McEachran. The Hon. The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa, Ont. ' Fortunately, this letter was backed up by the leading cattle-breeders and im- porters of that date, particularly the late Hon. George Brown and the late David Christie, Senator Cochrane and others, and resulted in the acceptance of the proffered service and the taking of the initial steps, at first permissive detention with the con- sent of the owner, followed shortly after by the utilization of Fort No. 3, at Point Levis, and the erection within its yards of suitable sheds for receiving and keeping cattle, sheep and swine, first for eight days, but shortly after, ninety days for cattle, on account of the prevalence of pleuro-pneumonia in Britain, the period of incubation for which being usually three months' duration. ' The utility of a quarantine system being demonstrated, stations were subsequently established at Halifax, N.S. ; St. John, IST.B. ; Charlottetown, P.E.I. ; Sarnia, Ont. ; Emerson, Man. ; Estevan, Assiniboia ; St. Mary's, south of Macleod, Alberta ; Hunt- ingdon and Victoria, B.C. ; besides numerous inspecting stations at which no regular stations have yet been established — all of which have been extremely valuable in pre- venting the introduction of diseases of animals. ' The extension of this exportation of live stock necessitated the supervision of the steamships as to space and ventilation and the inspection of the stock before being shipped. For this purpose special inspectors were appointed at the shipping ports. 106 DEPARTMENT OF AORICVLTVRE 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 *It was found necessary to investigate all reports of disease within the country and to deal with them with a view to eradication and prevention. Such diseases as sheep scab, parasitic mange in cattle and, particularly, tuberculosis. ' Hog cholera and swine plague have been actively dealt with from time to time. This necessitated the appointment of no less than twenty-six permanent inspectors and 209 appointed, but only employed as required. Pathologist and assistant patho- logist— an experiment station and bacteriological department all contributed to the efficiency of the Cattle Quarantine System of the Dominion. *It now forms a most important branch of the Department of Agriculture, the value of which to the stock-breeders more directly, but no less to the cattle shippers, railroads, steamships, bankers and merchants generally, would be difficult to estimate, as is always the case in dealing with prevention of loss ; the following figures from the statistical year-book, 1897, however, may furnish food for thought : " In Canada 45 percent of the population is engaged in rural pursuits. The rail- roads depend on agriculture for one-fourth of the freight they carry and the canals one-third. Canada's merchant marine depends chiefly upon the produces of the farms and ranges, and more than one-half of the total exports are agricultural products. Exports for the year 1897. Value. Horses $ 1,710,922 Cattle 7,159,365 Sheep 1,002,011 Swine 4,053 Other animals and poultry 111,349 $ 9,937,723 Agriculture products 45,545,869 Total $55,533,592 " There being no census of animals for the Dominion taken since 1891, we were obliged to make use of the figures obtained that year to illustrate the magnitude of our animal population : Number. Horses 1,470,872 Cattle 4,120,586 Sheep 2,363,761 Swine 1,733,630 " To these probably 10 per cent may be added to represent the figures of this date. " If our live stock and their products assume such large proportions, and their ex- portations form such an important item of our foreign trade now, what may they not reach in the future? When, by the rising tide of immigration, our great fertile regions now unpeopled are brought under cultivation and made to yield of their abun- dance, it will swell the volume of exports several hundred per cent more than they are to-day, both in animal and agriciiltural products. We can by very little thinking foresee the vast interests at stake in this country, which is destined to become the foremost food-producing country on the globe." ' The following statistics from Fleming's Veterinary Sanitary Science and Police will serve to illustrate what has happened where preventive measures were neglected : 'Cattle Plague.— Great Britain, 105,566, 279,023 reported sick, 233,622 died or were killed, 40,165 recovered. " Contagious Plcuro-Pneumonia. — In Great Britain, from 1834 to 1880, it is esti- mated that there perished considerably more than 1,000,000, head valued at $60,000,000. CATTLE QUARANTINE 107 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 "In Australia. — The losses during thirteen years were about 30 to 40 per cent of the whole number of cattle, or about 1,404,097, valued at $42,500,000. " Foot and Mooth Disease. — Although it is not a very fatal disease, it is very con- tagious, and usually affects nine-tenths of the animals in the district and entails great losses from loss of flesh, loss of milk, resulting sterility, embarrassment of traffic, cost of nursing, cost of inspection and other heavy expenses. " It is estimated that in Great Britain during 1872 the money loss amounted to at least $65,000,000. " Tuberculosis. — In my opinion, this is the greatest scourge of the farm — sparing scarcely any species of our domestic animals, affecting more especially cattle, pigs and poultry — intercommunicable from animals to man and from man to animals.^ Insidious to a degree, incurable as a rule, invading our homes in the milk supplied for nourishment, the virulent bacilli working their deadly effects on our little ones, our invalid friends, or it may be, our own bodies, well may we exclaim, " In the midst of life we are in death." No reliable statistics of the extent to which this fell destroyer exists in the herds of this country have been taken, no general testing of the cattle has been attempted, but of some 10,000 head tested the percentage is small compared with older countries and more populous centres, yet sufficiently large to render the responsibility of the government onerous indeed. Fortunate it is that this disease, while communicated from cattle to the human subject readily when the milk drawn from diseased udders is ingested without sterilization, it is not readily communicated in any other way to any except to those who are in constant attend- ance on cattle suffering from tuberculosis of the throat or lungs, who are thus exposed to inhalation infection. " Apart, however, altogether from human infection, this disease is one which causes enormous losses in nearly every dairy country in the world, or wherever cattle are housed, and fresh cattle frequently brought into the herd, as is the case in most dairy herds. To these bovine scourges must be added contagious diseases of other species of domestic animals. " Glanders in horses, if left unchecked, would decimate our horses, and cause, as it does in the old countries of Europe, serious losses. "Hog cholera is a most virulently contagious and fatal disease. $20,000,000 a year is estimated to be lost in the United States from its ravages. " Scab in sheep, where sanitary measures are not understood, causes immense losses frora loss of wool, from death and expenses in dipping and caring for the dis- eased flocks." " What does it avail if the breeder spends valuable time and money in improving his flocks and herds if he is not protected by wise preventative measures from such diseases as would frustrate and nullify all his efforts? What though professors of dairying teach and farmers adopt the most complete systems of butter and cheese production, if the milk-supplying herds are suffered to sicken and die from preventable diseases ? " POINT LEVIS CATTLE QUARANTINE. This quarantine station, which was first opened for the reception of imported cattle in 1876, and was for some years confined to a few sheds, hurriedly constructed on a cheap and temporary basis within the yard of Fort No. 3, had to be rapidly ex- tended to meet the requirements of the large importations of breeding stock which took place during the early eighties, until the government land sui'rounding the Fort was covered extensively with sheds and yards. The prevalence of contagious pleuro-pneumonia in Great Britain, and its unfor- tunate importation to the quarantine in 1886 as well as repeated importations of foot and mouth disease, illustrated in a forcible manner both the necessity for a quarantine 108 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 station and its efficiency to deal successfvilly with contagious diseases when they were found among imported stock. Twice foot and mouth disease and once, contagious pleuro-pneumonia were imjjorted ; each time the disease was prevented from spread- ing beyond the herds which brought it or those which had contracted the disease by contact on board ship. As a result of these unfortunate occurrences, more stringent quarantine measures had to be enforced which had the effect of lessening the numbers of imported animals and for a number of years very few were imported either by Canadian or United States cattlemen. During this period of several years the buildings, from disuse, got considerably out of repair ; several which had been burned in stamping out contagious pleuro-pneumonia were net rebuilt, and others were pulled down, partial repairs being made to the best of the sheds and fences. The revival of high-class cattle breeding, in the United States and Canada which has taken place to a large extent within the past few years, the eradication of C. P. P. from the American herds, and its almost complete extripation frcm the herds of Great Britain, has given an impetus to importa- tion and necessitated the rebuildiil^ of most of the fences and several of the buildings, and the erection of several new ones. This work was done by the Public Works Depart- ment, and the opportunity presented was taken advantage of to rearrange the yards and buildings for convenience and isolation. I have much pleasure in reporting that the work so far as completed has been done in a satisfactory manner, and also in ap- pending a diagram of the quarantine prepared and kindly reduced by a draughts- man of the Public Works Department , a study of which will show that ample pro- vision is made for perfect isolation by avenues and roads from 50 to 60 feet wide separating the various yards. The whole of the grounds being inclosed by a close boarded fence 6 feet high, with an interval of 60 feet between it and the yard fence, wherever it is necessary the yard fence is also close boarded and 6 feet high. Excellent accommodation is provided for quarantining 464 cattle and 300 sheep ; this, if neces- sary, could be extended. It is needless to say that the buildings although not expensive in character are admirably adapted for their purpose, and are roomy, thoroughly light- ed, and ventilated. They are kept scrupulously clean, being disinfected and white- washed on the removal of cattle or sheep at the expiry of their quarantine period. This quarantine continues to be largely patronized by United States importers who are attracted to the St. Lawrence route, which is a favourite one with them largely owing to the excellent accommodation afforded at this quarantine. In addition to the quarantine proper, there is a shed near the wharf where the cattle are taken to, temporarily, when landed from the steamships. It accommodates 50 cattle. To this shed are taken any animals showing signs of illness of any kind on arrival, whence they are taken later to the quarantine, provided they do not show any signs of a contagious disease. This shed is most useful, however, for receiving stock from late or early arriving ships. The road from the landing shed, or steamer, is a semi-private one, little used on account of its steepness — very rarely do any domestic cattle pass over it. Under the precautions taken no domestic animals can come into contact with either incoming or outgoing stock. Twenty-five years' experience has demonstrated that it is perfectly safe for the movement of cattle to and from the quarantine. I have pleasure in reporting that so far as its capacity goes, the suitability of arrangement, and isolated position and the high, dry, healthy location, leaves little to be desired, and this is the opinion of nearly all the importers and a large number of representative men, veterinarians and others, who have visited it officially to report on its arrangements, both to the United States government, State Cattle Commission- ers and representatives of cattle-breeders, and others in Great Britain and elsewhere. To complete the repairs it will be necessary to replace some more of the old fenc- ing by new, improve the roads, improve the arrangements for distribution of water, and put down a few sidewalks, aU of which I hope will be done during the coming year. CATTLE QUARANTINE 109 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 A NEW DISEASE IN HORSES — ENZOOTIC FISTULOUS WITHERS AND POLL-EVIL. ' The following reports have been forwarded from British Columbia of a disease which is new to the veterinary profession, an enzootic form of abscess and fistulae in the withers and polls of horses, and which is also stated to have been seen in cattle. Similar reports have reached the Bureau of Animal Industry at Washington, D.C., from veterinary practitioners at Perry, Iowa, and Albany, Georgia. This disease is common enough, but is known only as the result of bruising of the withers by badly fitting saddles, and injuries of the poll leading to the formation of abscesses and fistulae. So far, no investigation has been made in the United States or Canada which has explained this peculiar occurrence. (Extract from Dr. J. B. Hart's letter.) ' Vancouver, August 27, 1901. 'Dr. Gibbins, the Provincial Inspector, has interviewed me several times re a disease which the Hon. Mr. Prentree and others claim to be contagious or at least in- fectious. This disease (or reports of same) seems to be confined to the upper Fraser valleys, Chilcoten, Nicola and Douglas lake districts. It makes its appearance in all kinds of horses and has been seen in a few cattle. As nearly as I can judge from the reports it has every appearance of fistulous withers. The first symptom is a swelling over or on one side of the dorsal vertebrae, and in some cases lower than the cartila- ginous prolongation of the scapula, may involve one or both sides, and is accompanied by the usual heat and swelling with intense pain. The swelling bursts and suppurates, usually the discharge is from the top'. The pus burrows deeper and deeper and the characteristic sinuses of fistulae form. * Animals rarely recover as they are far removed from medical assistance and are usually vicious. ' The Doctor has been up on two occasions and previous to his last visit I requested him to secure for me some pus from an authentic case. This, however, he failed to do, but says he expects to receive some veiy soon. I intended to send it to you and have it examined microscopically. The points that appeal to me most strongly are 1st. The recurrence of this trouble yearly in spring and fall ; 2nd. All kinds of horses, two years old running out, pack-horses, saddle horses, harness and draught horses, brood mares that have not been bridled for years, cfec, being affected. 3rd. The confident stand the owners take as to its infectious nature against Dr. Gibbons's stated opinion as to its purely traumatic causes and non-infectious nature. ' I asked the doctor to write and send you copies of the correspondence with the owners.' (Report hy Provincial Veterinarian Johnson Gihhins, M.R.C.V.8.) * Vancouver, September 30, 1901. ' Sir, — ^I wish to draw your attention to a disease among horses in the Chilcoten and Cariboo country, as you will see per inclosed which I send for your guidance, and to see if you can come to any other conclusion than one of fistulous withers. ' I was up there in July to make an investigation, but I could come to no other conclusion than fistula. ' Truly it seems very strange that so many horses should be affected in this dis- trict, both old and young, mild and domesticated, many that have never been broken ; it seems almost unaccountable. As you see by inclosed it has even been observed in cows. I did not see this myself, neither did I discover anything in the shape of eggs as this same individual describes. I tried my best to get some pus when up there, but 110 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 in this I was frustrated, there being no cases just at that time in which I could get any pus, however, I left small bottles in which those interested promised to forward mo some sealed up, but as yet I have not received any ; hence my delay in not writing you together with your being away at that time. ' There are also a few cases in which the polls are affected in the same way, re- sembling poll-evil. 'Now, in many cases different individuals are satisfied that the trouble is of a traumatic character, then again others will have no alternative than its being infec- tious and contagious as they say most emphatically that the malady is not from any injury whatever. *I may say that I have interviewed all the professionals on the coast and they one and all seem puzzled, but can come to no other conclusion than " fistula." 'I shall be pleased to hear your opinion, and if there is anything further you desire to know in this connection, I shall be most pleased to give it.' (Signed) Johnson Gibbins. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant. The Honourable D. McEACHEAlSr, The Minister of Agriculture, Chief Inspector. Ottawa. No. 15. EEPORT UPON BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS AND OTHER MATTERS. (J. Geoege Adami, M.A., M.D., F.R.S.E., Professor of Pathology, McGill University, Pathologist to the Department.) J. H. R. Molson, Pathological Laboratory, McGiU University, Montreal^ October 31, 1901. Sm, — I have the honour to forward to you the report of Dr. Higgins, Assistant Pathologist to your department, upon the work accomplished in connection with his duties and more especially upon the observations on tuberculosis carried out by him under my supervision at Outremont and in my laboratory. That work has been seriously interrupted by his temporary appointment last year as bacteriologist in charge of the Plague Laboratory at William Head, Victoria, B.C., under the quarantine branch of your department. I had the opportunity to inspect the work carried on by him there and can only speak in terms of high praise for what he managed to accomplish under great difiiculties. Most unfortunately this appointment was for an indefinite period, a period which lasted over the greater part of the year, delaying our researches at Outremont and arresting them at a time when, after long preparation, they promised to lead to valuable results, results which now have been forestalled by other workers in Euroi)e and in the United States. Called away at a few hours' notice, Dr. Higgins had no time to go with me to Outremont to show me exactly what he wished doing with the various animals, nor to leave instructions as to the course to be pursued with the cultures and other material which he was work- ing on in the laboratory. Nor, possibly, had he been able to do this, could I have con- tinued his work in a satisfactory manner, for it is a peculiarly difficult matter for one observer in pathology to take up and carry on the individual pieces of work in pro- gress by another observer. Thus, expecting that he would return within the course of a few weeks, during which time little harm would ensue by his absence, neither he CATTLE QUARANTINE HI SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 nor I were willing that I or any other should continue his observations, and the waiting to know what had been determined concerning his future continued for so long a period that unavoidably the cultures and many of the series of observations upon animals were rendered valueless, nor has it been possible since to start them anew, , By referring to our previous reports it will be seen that our work at Outremont had led us specially to consider the modes of infection by tuberculosis among cattle and the relationship between the human and bovine tuberculosis. That bovine tuber- culosis can be transmitted with fair ease from cow to cow there is now no doubt. Dr. Higgins has shown how the bacilli of tuberculosis can be demonstrated in the matter coughed up or violently expelled from the mouths and nostrils of infected cattle by placing sheets of glass over the fronts of the stalls of animals showing symp- toms of pulmonary tuberculosis. Upon these sheets the fine particles of sputum expelled on coughing, lodged and became fixed so that the contained tubercle bacilli could later bei stained and recognized under the microscope.* (Vide Report of the Minister of Agriculture for 1899, pp. 144-147.) In Dr. Higgins's present report he records some interesting observations upon the effects of cohabitation, namely, of placing healthy calves in the same stall with in- fected animals. The interest in this series of observations lies especially in the fact that the infected animals showed very little clinical evidence of tuberculosis ; they reacted, it is true, to tuberculin, but for some months one of them failed to give the tuberculin test. Notwithstanding this there was evidently at certain periods active progression of the disease in the lungs and the cohabiting calves became infected. (Vide p. 141.) The earlier observations by Drs. Martin, Higgins and myself had further con- firmed those of workers in other countries upon the infectiousness of the milk of tuber- culous cattle for calves and animals of the laboratory and had convinced us that, contrary to the views of most English observers, though confirmatoiy of the work of earlier German observers (whose methods, however, are not regarded as having been wholly satisfactory) and of the more recent work of Ernst, of the United States, tubercle bacilli capable of infecting guinea pigs and rabbits may be present in the milk of cattle not suffering from udder tuberculosis. These observations have since been fully confirmed by Kempner and Rabinowitsch, who employed methods similar to ours. Taking all the facts at our disposal into consideration, we could not believe that milk containing a minute number of tubercle bacilli could be dangerous for man, and this led us to lay down that Nocard's view must be taken as correct, namely, that only when there is definite tuberculosis of the udder is milk to be regarded as dangerous and liable to convey infection to man, and to urge that every animal showing such tuberculosis must be immediately and absolutely condemned. It was these results and considerations which led us inevitably to study the relationship between human and bovine tuberculosis. In my last report (Report of Minister of Agriculture for 1889, p. 139) I detailed the main facts at our disposal, pointing to the conclusion that the bacilli causing tuberculosis in fowls, man and cattle, vary one from the other, so that it is possible to distinguish them by the features presented by one and the other when cultivated 'outside the body, as again by their effects when inoculated. I pointed out that they must not be regarded as distinct species ; that, for example, tubercle bacilli of man if placed under certain conditions in the bodies of fowls, after the course of months gradually as they grow assume altered characters, so that now they become virulent * This had been previously demonstrated in connection with phthisis and the spread of human tuberculosis by Fliigge, of Breslau, who employed similar means, but not until these observations has it been demonstrated for infection for animals. Since the nuhlicati'-n of our report, Dr. Ravenel, of Philadelphia, has demonstrated the same fact by a modification of the method employed by Dr. Higgins. 112 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 1-2 EDWARD ».!., A. 1902 for fowls (which before they had not been) and undistinguishable from the bacilli of avian tuberctdosis (Nocard). I also reported that we were executing observations along the lines to demonstrate if possible that human tubercle bacilli retained in the bodies of cattle, gradually took on the characters and the peculiar virulence or infec- tiousness of the bovine bacilli. It is this particular series of observations that has been interrupted by Dr. Higgins's absence, and this most unfortunately ; for, as will be familiar to all, the address by Professor Koch before the British Tuberculosis Congress in July, dealt in a sensational manner with this very matter of the relation- ship between the human and bovine tuberculosis, and it has left the impression upon many that human and bovine tuberculosis are to be regarded as absolutely distinct diseases, due to what are, to all intents and purposes, distinct though allied species of bacilli. It is a matter of no small regret to us that we were unable to demonstrate at the proper time that this was not the case. Into a discussion of Professor Koch's address I will enter more fully later ; in the meantime, I would point out how important it is for the settlement of this question, and for the calming of the public mind as to the exact and intimate relationship between tuberculosis of cattle and of man respectively, to prove that the bacilli of human tuberculosis can be converted into bacilli having all the characteristics and properties of those found in cattle, and I would beg that authority be given to us to re-enter upon this, to me, most important and convincing series of investigations. Here I would call attention to the fact that so far as we have gone, we are firmly convinced that in general and under ordinary conditions, tubercle bacilli obtained from the bodies of infected cows show distinct differences from those obtained from human beings. As already reported. Dr. Higgins two years ago found that a culture of- tubercle bacilli obtained from man had no effect when inocvdated into a cow, herein confirming the observations of Frothingham (1897), Theobald Smith (1898), and others. Now he is able to report another case to the same effect ( Vide pp. 138 & 139) . Two very similar animals, both reacting to tuberculin, but both in good condi- tion and showing no clinical evidence of the disease, were inoculated in the udder with like quantities of cultures of hiiman and bovine bacilli respectively, in order to determine whether active tuberculosis could be set up. As mentioned in previous reports, we have been unable to obtain in this neighbourhood any cattle presenting this form of udder disease. Further, we desired to determine whether existing tubercidosis acted as a preventive to second infection of the same disease. Some of Koch's earliest observations on guinea pigs rather seemed to point in this direction, and it may be noted that in man the existence of active syphilis is a pre- ventive of second infection with that disease, and syphilis and tuberculosis appear to belong to the same group of chronic granulomatous infections. The animal inoculated with bovine tubercle bacilli soon showed abundant tubercle bacilli in her milk, and all the evidences of extensive tuberculosis of the udder ; it is interesting to note that this second infection appears to have remained local, and not to have set up a rapidly generalizing tuberculosis ; she was killed at the end of twenty months, when slight and apparently fairly generalized but arrested tubercu- losis was fovmd in various lymph glands, associated with extensive tuberculosis of the udder. These results are, at least, suggestive. The other animal (inoculated with the human bacilli), when killed at the end of nineteen months, had ceased to react to tuberculin, and exhibited merely old encapsulated tuberculous foci in the lungs and in certain glands, with small, more recent tubercles in the lungs and liver, while at the site of inoculation there was not a sign of tuberculosis, the udders being completely free from the disease.* • It is worthy of note that Lartigau in his studies upon the variation and virulence of the- bacillus tuberculosis in man (Jrurnal of Medical Research, N.S., Yrl. 1, No. 1, 1901, p. 156), describes a case of a man in which there was found extensive miliary tuberculosis in both lungs, bronchi and upper air passages, while the right knee joint showed an old, very fibrous CATTLE QUARANTINE 113 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 The observations here recorded (p. 137) on the fate of human and bovine tubercle bacilli contained in permeable capsules within the peritoneal cavities of cattle and otlier animals, seem to indicate that a year is too long to allow the vitality of bacilli so treated to be preserved, although I should note that Eavenel has been able to gain cultures after eleven months' retention in such capsules. In these celloidin capsules the bacilli cannot escape into the system, nor can they be directly acted upon by the cells of the body. They are nourished by the body juices, which diffuse through the walls of the capsule, while the toxic substances given off by the bacilli in their growth are, as indicated by Dr. McCrae's work upon typhoid bacilli in this laboratory (Jour- nal of Experimental Medicine, vol. V., 1901, p. 635), diffused out into the tissues. Whether the death of the imprisoned bacilli is due to the gradual accumulation of antitoxic and antibacterial substances of the body juices which, diffusing into the capsule, act upon the bacilli, or whether there is gradually formed a fibrous wall around the capsules, rendering diffusion inwards and outwards more and more diffi- cult and nourishment of the imprisoned bacilli more and more imperfect, must, for the present, be left an open question. Another line of researcli which has for some months been carried on by Dr. Higgins cannot here be reported save as being in progress, I refer to the methods for gaining the rapid development of the tubercle bacilli. One of the greatest difficulties in the study of experimental tuberculosis lies in the lenotato visible and luxuriant (in the early stages the growth upon this medium was but slight) ; it grows in the closed end of Smith's fermentation tube and best at the body temperature ; it can grow in the absence CATTLE QUARANTINE 133 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 of free oxygen ; causes no liquefaction of either gelatin, casein or blood serum ; it produces gas when grown in dextrose and lactose broth, but not with saccharose (originally it did not ferment either dextrose or glucose) ; there is no production of nitrites, but indol is present (originally no indol was present) ; milk is turned acid and eventually coagulated, and there is a slight faecal odour; no production of pig- ment upon agar and no fluorescence (originally many of the cultures obtained direct from the cattle showed a distinct tendency towards the production of a slight yellow colour). It grows best in media which are faintly acid, and is non-pathogenic for mice (the early cultures showed themselves distinctly pathogenic for mice, and this I regarded as one of the indications that I was not dealing with the colon bacillus). It is interesting to note that parallel with this, Dr. Charlton studied the colon bacillus obtained from the stomach of a case of pernicious anaemia in man, and this gave identical reactions. It is thus clear, on the one hand, that the organism of the Pictou Cattle Disease is one of a very large group of colon bacilli, and this alone throws some little doubt upon whether it should be regarded as the specific micro-organism of that disease ; because, while colon bacilli have pathogenic properties, and in fact set up many forms of disease in man, the morbid conditions induced by them are all more generalized and not so specialized a type as that possessed by this disease. But from another point of view, if we are not to regard this as the specific organism of the disease, we are, I think, bound to regard it as playing some part in the development. For, on the one hand, as pointed out by Dr, Wyatt Johnston and Mr. E. W. Hammond, the blood of cattle affected with this disease agglutinates the micro-organism isolated from their livers, and this agglutination test is in general regarded as an indication of such relationship between microbe and disease ; and, secondly, these micro-organisms are present in such abundance in the liver and mesenteric lymphatic glands, and that so, constantly that they cannot be regarded as meaningless. As pointed out in my paper of October 22, 1899, yet further study showed me that in a great number of livers having no symptoms of cirrhosis, similar minute diplococcoid forms are to be recognized in the cells (although not in such great num- bers), while, again, as I pointed out at full length in a paper upon the diplococcoid forai of the colon bacillus (Adami, Abbott and Nicholson, Transactions of the Associa- tion of American Physicians, 1899, and Journal of Experimental Medicine, 1899, vol. 3), by inoculating pure cultures of typical colon bacilli into the veins of a rabbit, after a few hours one gets similar appearances. These observations led me further to study the bacteriology of apparently normal healthy organs, and as I pointed out in my address to the Society of Internal Medicine at Chicago, in December, 1899 (Journal American Medical Association, Dec, 1899), we are bound to conclude that under ordinary conditions there is a constant passage bers), while, again, as I pointed out at full length in a paper upon the diplococcoid forms staining badly, and often having a brownish tinge, present in the abdominal lymphatic glands and in the liver, are an indication of the constant destruction of these bacteria in these organs. Since then the very remarkable paper of Dr. Ford, late Fellow in Pathology, McGill University (Transactions of the Association of American Physicians, vol. xv., 1900, p. 389, and Journal of Hygiene, vol. 1, 1901, p. 277), has carried on these researches further, and has shown that in at least 80 per cent of the livers and kidneys of healthy normal animals, bacteria are to be obtained which are capable of development, provided the proper culture media be adopted, and pro- vided that these organs be cultivated for a sufiiciently long time after their removal from the animals used. How now do these observations bear upon Pictou Cattle Disease and upon ordi- nary portal cirrhosis in man ? As I pointed out in my paper in the British Medical Journal, of October, 1898 * It may be argued that inasmuch as such forms are con- 134 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 stantly to be found in the liver, it is clear that the bacillus can have no power to induce excessive active tissue formation, or otherwise, every living being should suffer from cirrhosis. But there is this to be noticed, that in the ordinary liver in which cirrhosis is absent, the forms visible are almost all corpses and even long action of strong car- bolised fuchsin will not lead them to become stained. In cirrhosis on the other hand, while there are many of these non-staining forms, areas can be made out in which diplococcus-like bodies stain deeply. Either they have only recently entered the organ and are just killed, or they are still alive though in a form so attenuated that it is only with difficulty that cultures can be grown from the organ. I still cannot but con- sider that the very great number of these forms found in well-marked advancing cases of ciiTOsis is ample evidence that there is a direct relation between them and the pro- cess. So also in those advancing eases of cirrhosis my observations show me that the mesenteric glands are crowded with the diplococcus form of the bacillus, just as I found them crowded in cases of Pictou Cattle Disease.' That certain forms of the colon bacillus under certain conditions are able to bring about cirrhotic changes, has been shown by Dr. Weaver of Chicago (Philadelphia Medical Journal, February 4, 1899). He obtained the colon bacillus which he worked with from the body of a female guinea pig. Guinea pigs inoculated with a small amount of the culture, if they did not die within twenty hours, lived from eight ta twenty days, and in these animals dying at later periods there was an extensive and early cirrhosis of the liver. Unfortunately after a short period these bacteria lost their virulence so that further transferrence of cultures and study of the development of cirrhosis could not be made. These observations, so far as they go, are in favour of believing that the organisms of the colon group, play a definite part in the production of cirrhosis. I further suggested (in the paper just referred to) that in ordinary human cirrho- sis we have almost always a histoiy of subacute enteritis or gastro-enteritis, set up apparently by alcohol or some other irritant, and that this inflammation of the bowel by leading to the greater passage out of leucocytes and passage back of these leuco- cytes containing bacteria, sets up a condition of increased invasion of the organism, more especially by the colon bacillus, the normal inhabitant of the intestine, and I re- ferred to Ramond's observations (La Presse Medicale, April 21, 1897), in which he obtained cirrhosis by giving animals by the mouth alternating doses of alcohol and bacterial toxines. j^ow, it is interesting to note that a constant lesion in Pictou Cattle Disease is the evidence of ulceration of the 4th stomach. Here it seems to me is the indication of a similar primary gastritis or gastro-enteritis. According to this theoiy therefore, the colon bacillus or modified form of the same, which I have detected in these cases, is not necessarily the prime cause of the disease, but there is a preliminaiy and prim- ary inflammation of the intestinal tract. This may be brought about by the colon bacillus but is more likely to be induced by some other cause, either bacterial or toxic, and it still remains to be discovered what is this primary cause. During this last summer on his return to Kew Zealand, Mr. J. A. Gilruth, Chief Veterinarj' Officer and Bacteriologist to the Agricultural Department of New Zealand, in passing through Montreal, called upon me and brought to my attention the fact that in Kew Zealand they have encountered a very similar disease afi^ecting horses and cattle. Since then he has been good enough to forward to me the reports of his depart- ment dealing with this subject. I may here give an epitome of his observations (5th report of the Department of Agriculture of New Zealand, 1897, p. 35) : The disease appeared in the Winton district, in Southland, fourteen years pre- viously, and has not been observed in any other part of the colony. While there has been considerable loss of horses it showed little or no tendency to spread from farm to farm. No particular age or breed was found more susceptible, although the affected animals were mostly aged ; the season appeared to be without influence though possi- CATTLE QUARANTINE 135 SESSIO.'JAL PAPER No. 15 bly spring and autumn were the periods during which the majority of cases were found. Cases observed by Mr. Gilruth showed jaundiced appearance of the mucou3 membrane of the mouth, eyes and nostrils; want of co-ordination of the muscles of the limbs, with staggering gait; staring condition of the pupils; constipation and general drowsiness. At times the animals would walk straight through an obstruction. In all cases the liver was more or less involved and apparently cirrhotic. Judging from his description the course of the disease is of longer duration that is that of Pictou Cattle Disease. On microscopical examination the liver sh'owed a variety of conditions, but in the early stage the capsule was normal, the tissue of the gland soft ; vessels greatly dis- tended with blood, and atrophy of the liver cells; thrombi were often encountered iu the hepatic veins and a certain amount of pigment was present in the organ. In the later stages the liver is smaller and harder than normal, presenting in one case all the naked eye appearances of the cirrhotic or hobnailed liver. Mr. Gilruth noted also, which was not observed in cattle, namely, appearances of abundant liver cells within the vessels of the liver and other regions. It is worth while noting that he found that one-half grain dose of sti-ychnine given in powders, one daily, appeared to have a distinct effect in arresting the course of the disease while purgatives aggravated the symptoms. In this report Mr. Gilruth calls at- tention to the constipation, and suggests that owing to the want of tone of the intes- tinal walls, the retained food, fermenting, leads to the abundant production of toxic substances which being, in their turn, absorbed, cause the symptoms of intoxication, &c. In his report for 1898-99, are given illustrations showing the close resemblance of the liver disturbance to those seen in our Pictou Cattle Disease. In this second report Mr. Gilruth modifies his opinion that the intense congestion was the primary condition in the liver, and regards this as secondary to the cirrhotic change. In this report he gives a case of a farmer who had lost several cows under peculiar conditions with similar symptoms in each case. This also occurred in Southit^nd where the Ragwort is very prevalent, and to this the owner attributed the disease. I infer from a paragraph in the report for 1898, p. 41, that the Ragwort (Senecio Jacoboea) had also been regarded in the district as the cause of the Winton Horse Disease, and that this weed is common in other parts of Southland. New Zealand, without causing any disturbence, hence he denies its relationship. The conditions here were similar to those seen in our cases. Micro-photographs given of a section of the liver might have been taken also from a case of Pictou Cattle Disease. On this farm mentioned, the government biologist, Mr. T. W. Kirk, had the previous year reported the exist- ence of no poisonous or even harmful plant, but Mr. Gilruth found that in addition to the Senicio Jacobcca to which apparently he attached no importance, the cows had been in a native bush close to the paddock, and that they were all in the habit of stripping the leaves from the trees which were being felled there. It is, to say the least, interesting that in Nova Scotia the popular view has been to attribute Pictou Cattle Disease to the existence of the Ragwort. For myself, I con- tinue to be most doubtful as to whether any such relationship exists, although, believing in the existence of some primary cause, not necessarily microbic, I should be glad to find that the irritation caused by the Ragwort was of this nature. Nevertheless, the negative results of the experiments conducted under this department years ago by Dr. Wm. McEachran (when animals were fed for long periods upon dried ragwort), would seem strongly to negative this supposition. My conclusions may be summed up thus : While it is possible that, as suggested by Dr. Weaver's observations, cirrhosis of the liver may be directly caused by one or other of the colon bacillus group, I am inclined to favour the opinion that there is a primary inflammation of certain portions of the alimentary tract set up by some other irritant, and that it is this primary inflammation which favours the extensive invasion of the blood and lymphatic vessels of the abdominal area, by bacteria mainly belong- 136 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 ing to the croup of colon bacilli, which bacilli, by their direct presence in the lymphatic glands and in the liver and by their toxines. set up those cellular disturbances which result in the production of the peculiar anatomical changes found in the Pictou Cattle Disease and in progressive portal cirrhosis in man. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, J. GEORGE ADAMI, The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. No. 16. EEPORT OF THE ASSISTANT PATHOLOGIST. (Charles H. Higgins, B.S., D.V.S.) Montreal, October 31, 1901. Sir, — I have the honour to submit this my report upon the investigations carried on at the Outremont Experiment Station, from November 1, 1899, to October 31, 1901. These investigations were seriously interfered with, owing to my transference to the Pacific Quarantine Station at William Head, in March, 1900, for the purpose of establishing at that point, a bacteriological laboratory for the manufacture of Haffkine's prophylactic preventive to bubonic plague, which disease at that time threatened the Pacific coast.* My duties at this station covered a period of nine months, seriously interfering with the work I had in hand before leaving for the west. However, in spite of the difficulties against which it has been necessary to con- duct this work, some of our experiments have been fruitful, while others had to be given up incompleted owing to my absence. sterility op tuberculin. In view of the fact that statements were made by opponents of tuberculin testing, that tuberculin contained living germs of tuberculosis and was liable to produce tuberculosis in the animals upon which it was used, a request was made that I inocu- late sufficient guinea pigs with the product received from the following laboratories : — Koch's, as used by the department ; United States Bureau of Animal Industry ; Parke Davis and Company, and that prepared by Mr. Ross, of Guelph, Ontario. With each of these four samples three guinea pigs were inoculated. The day previous to the inoculation their temperature was taken at intervals of two hours, to determine the normal, they receiving the tuberculin in the evening. The day following the temperatures were also taken every two hours to determine whether or not the animals which were being used were diseased to commence with. In no case • A special report of the work at this station appears in connection with Dr. Montizambert's report in the appendix to the report of the Minister of Agriculture for the year 1900. CATTLE QUARANTINE 137 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 was there a reaction ; but in every instance where the same tuberculin was used upon animals known to be diseased a definite and characteristic reaction resulted. The guinea pigs were weighed daily, the increase in weight being similar to the increase noted in other animals of the same age and under similar conditions, except- ing that these latter received no tuberculin. The amount of tuberculin used was as nearly identical as it was possible to obtain in every case. It was diluted with sterile water and one five-hundredth part of the cattle dose used. The animals were retained for a period of six weeks, at which time they were chloroformed, careful autopsies being made. The liver and lungs of each animal were examined and in no instance was there evidence of tubercular lesions. The results of this series of experiments gives conclusive evidence of the non- infectiousness of the samples of tuberculin received for experimentation. One who is at all familar with the manner of preparation of this product, would not question the sterility of the ' regular ' tuberculin as used for diagnostic purposes on cattle, as the heat to which it is subjected is sufficient to kill any living germ of tuberculosis. CELLOIDIN CAPSULES.* In the experimentation with these capsules the aim was to determine what changes, if any, cultures of human tuberculosis would undergo, provided they were inserted beneath the skin or in the various body cavities of the lower animals. With these capsules in the living animal conditions are obtained which cannot be reproduced under artificial conditions, namely, that of subjecting the experimental material to the action of the body fluids which pass through the celloidin of the capsule, together with the constant body temperature. A culture of the bacilli of hiunan tuberculosis was used in each case. Capsules were inserted in pigeons, fowls, rabbits, a heifer and a dog. These insertions were made just prior to my transferrence to the quarantine station in British Columbia, and during my absence the pigeons died from natural causes. When removed from the other animals, the capsules had remained in these artificial containers for a period of veiy nearly a year. Those in the fowls revealed nothing, the whole of the infection having died out. The one in the dog revealed no evidence of tubercular matter when examined microscopically. The two capsules from the rabbits revealed nothing of particular interest. Polymorphous forms were present, retaining the dye when stained by the Ziehl-Neilsen method. Sub-cultures made direct from the capsules failed to grow. No animal inoculations were made from this series of capsules. The heifer used in these capsule experiments presented an interesting autopsy, for at the time of insertion of the capsule, one was broken in the process and a slight tuberculosis established in the vicinity. The capsule finally inserted was allowed to fall into the peritoneal cavity as was the original intention. Very briefly, the atoupsy on this animal, which was killed on March 4, 1901, a year from the time of insertion is as follows : The capsule was firmly imbedded in the connective tissue beneath the peritoneum in the right flank. A few small tubercules were present, in all probabi- lity caused by the breaking of a capsule at the time of insertion. There were but seven of these tubercles noted and none was larger than a pea. In this capsule polymorphous forms were detected which stained with fuchsin, and, like tubercle bacilli, were not decolourized by the ordinary methods used in tubercle staining. I was unable to get growths, although all media generally used were tried under varying conditions, together with many forms of special brain media, ♦ Vide McCrae Journal of Experimental Medeclne, Oct., 1901. 238 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 which have proven more successful in the growth of tubercle bacilli than those ordin- arily used. Three guinea pigs were inoculated from the celloidin capsule subcutan- eously in the flank region. None of the three developed tuberculosis, indicating that the infection had died out during the prolonged stay of the capsules in the bovine system. It is desirable to conduct other experiments along these lines, for it seems that if they were properly conducted, definite facts could be obtained, which would deter- mine the relationship between germs of human and bovine origin. IMMUNITY TO TUBERCULIN BY REPEATED TESTS. These experiments extend over a period of two years, and they are very interest- ing, as they are repeated tests upon two tuberculous animals which were at the station in June, 1899. The accompanying table, in which is to be found a record of the various tests and their reactions or failures to react, give one a good idea of the uncertainty of repeated testing, whether it be within a very short or longer period. By looking over the tests of Cow I., it will be seen that in her reactions there was a marked uncertainty, and that on a test held after some months we were not certain of a definite reaction, while one held almost immediately in the case of Cow V. did give a reaction. Tests 3 and 4 were the result of an endeavour to produce a localized artificial tuberculosis in the udder that we might obtain infected milk. In the case of Cow I., which was inoculated with a preparation of bovine origin, we were successful in get- ting germs in the milk, and establishing at the point of inoculation an extensive localized infection, as will be seen by reference to the record of the autopsy on this animal. With Cow V., the experiment was conducted with germs of human origin, having apparently no effect save that of a tuberculin reaction, due to the toxine injected with the bacilli. An unexplainable fact is that these animals had reacted to tests, one on October 30, 1900, and another on January 3, 1901, but failed to react on April 16, after an in- terval of three months from the last test. The tuberculin used in this last test was prepared by myself, and did give a reaction in the case of two heifers used for coha- bitation, on the same date, which on post-mortem were found to have definite foci of tubercular infection. These facts indicate that the tuberculin was not at fault. I will not further dilate upon these experiments with tuberculin, for the chart is self-explanatory. The record of these animals is as follows : — Cow No. I. — A grade animal, about eleven years old. In good condition, not giv- ing milk, having been dry for about three months. On arrival at Outremont she re- acted to tuberculin. She was inoculated on August 3, 1899, with three cubic centi- metres of a preparation of pure bovine tubercle bacilli. The inoculation was made into the udder, giving on the day following a definite tuberculin reaction (test 3 on chart). This reaction was obviously due to the tuberculin (i.e., the products of growth of the tubercle bacilli) contained in the preparation together with the bacilli. Guinea pigs inoculated with this culture died in fourteen and fifteen days respectively. A tumour-like mass formed at the point of inoculation which fluctuated considerably in size from time to time. Autopsy held April 17, 1901.— The superficial glands of the flank and shoulder were free from evidence of disease. The post pharjTigeal glands revealed no lesions. The anterior mediastinal glands were slightly affected, containing a very few small tubercles. The brachial glands were slightly affected. Lungs free from evidence of disease. CATTLE QUARANTINE 139 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 Liver presented a few small tubercles. Spleen and kidney free from lesions. Some few of the mesenteric glands were found slightly affected. There was evidence of the progress of the disease being arrested temporarily and new tubercles forming, but in no instance was there calcification of the tubercular masses. In the lymph glands especially was this arrested process noted. The udder was extensively diseased, together with the lymph glands at its base, although one of these lymph glands showed no lesions. The localization of the disease in the immediate vicinity of the site of inoculation is very interesting. The lesions consisted of large tubercular abscesses filled with creamy pus. The milk of this animal after the inoculation in the udder presented tubercle bacilli continually, and this milk produced tuberculosis in guinea pigs inoculated with it. Cow No. V. — Grade cow, about eight years old, in goood condition, but reacting to tuberculin. She was inoculated into the udder on September 26, 1899, with a pure culture of human tubercle baceilli, which preparation killed guinea pigs in eighteen and twenty-three days respectively. After the inoculation there was a definite tuber- culin reaction (test four on the chart). On June 24, 1899, two heifers were placed one on either side of the animal, each being found infected after a period of 107 days and revealing lesions of tuberculosis on post-mortem. On March 15, 1900, a second pair were placed one on either side. Of this pair one reacted to tuberculin in nine months and the other in thirteen months. Autopsy April 17, 1901. — The superficial glands of the flank and shoulder were free from evidence of tuberculosis. The post pharyngeal glands were healthy. The mediastinal glands were affected in but one instance and this was a small tubercle about the size of a pea. The brachial glands contained a few small tubercles. Spleen free from evidence of disease. The liver presented a few small tubercles of recent origin. Kidney free from lesions. The mesenteric glands were affected in a few instances. Lungs.— The right lung was found to be diseased as diagnosed in June, 1899, and contained a few tubercles about the size of a hen's egg, which did not seem to be in an active stage. In portions adjacent were to be seen some very small miliary tuber- cles but these were not extensive. The lesions did not seem in any way to communi- cate with the bronchial tubes as they must have done when heifers placed with her contracted the disease. Wherever lesions of old standing occurred it appeared that, while they had not undergone calcification and true encysting, they had been rendered inactive, the contents being different in character from that seen in active suppurating lesions. This would seem to be borne out by the fact that for quite a period the animal failed to respond to tests, while a slight rise in temperature was obtained January 3rd, 1901. In the udder no lesions were detected after a careful microscopic search, i.e., the inoculation of human tubercle bacilli had led to no results. 140 DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 "o ■^ c 2 0.2 J §1 5 ;S g. £ s oT '^ _. o t- ;" 2 - »^ . ^ C! -w c r ._: _: c c 1 J= tXi ^ fc- (D 0; OJ X' •C =|j g s ■§ •§ ^ i ^^, = -C -C -5 -P cS c ce "^ dj c -- '2 -- r— 2 ^ p^ c; c2 u ^55 -£- -5" 'o- '5" o ^ 1 5 = 5 5s S c ^S O ,^ m" CK OIM-*- •q< . th . . • ccec i-h rH -rH rH (Neoin -r ir. iTi ■■t-t^-rf ■ • • CCrH CC CC ■ ■ N jecec 00 ': (k ?: e-i ooo ^ t-i r-H r-l ■^ CO •* cc CCCC •* I-H CCl-n-ll-H ^ • -r-Ci-ICC ;:; CC CC CC lira r-i0^i-li-H^ClT-ty-< ■ ■ r-t i-t i-^ o ^ ooo O 0©©00©©0©©00©0 ■ •©©© O. l-ll-H 1-^ ,-1 ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ,-( ,-H ,-,,-, rH ,- ,-H ^ ,-^ ^ •r-^rH.-H CC rH CC ^ CC rH IM ■ •* Tf CC S in (MCC>--IMCH^rH©(MrHrHrHrHrHrHrHCOrHrH.-(C0CJC3 -aq 3jn;'BJ9dai9x oo© tH T-H rH O ©©©©©©©©© O© ©© ©OO® ©O© © Time of tijection. Mi 1 S S 5 £ S H c = H -! M 2 S S S £ 5 S S S ' — Co ^ a.iida.&.&. dii ia z. a-a-diaiiai t; — cc ec {o CO ^ JO ccno to o to © © o o « !0 ;s to o © 50 © ^ T)J irf a-.aiai ci ©©'©o'c>O0o'©0©O^'-HTHrHOrHrHrHrH cc - ' Ci 05 0©000 0©©OCO©000000©00 « - -co CO o; CI C5 05 ci © C5 — . o. o CT. o r; o c~. ~ o o 05 © 05 H c^ 55 ""^^ rH r^ ^^^,-i,~ ^^,-lr-^ T^ ^ r^ ^^ ^^T-l^-^^ "o © o=^' 5D rH r-r©"©''t>rt>r©'©''rH r-'"©~©''cC CC ©~©'rH CC'cc'©'©'' W IM IM rHrHrHrHrHrHIM(M CCCC '-I'-' '-''-' c3 U d , . ,a., . ..c ,g- ,g =J. = gi =|.= rr r^- -s ^' 0) > 5 - - - -------rr^rrr-r-il)---- 6 ' ' " M •J aqmnx: ^ W cc 'J" UC © t» » 05 ©rH (MCC rH rH rH rH rj< inO t-00 rH rH rH rH rH S(MN S?r5S (N CATTLE QUARANTINE 141 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 COHABITATION. The cohabitation experiments in a previous report gave definite results with cow v., and it was desired to repeat them, using the same animal to supply the infective material. The two heifers, subjects for this experiment, were placed one on either side of this cow on March 15, 1900, and remained for a considerable period before becoming diseased, as will be seen by referring to the chart of the tuberculin tests. The fact that the animal with which these two heifers were cohabited was the sub- ject of repeated testing, and that at the autopsy evidence was found indicating the arresting of the disease for periods as shown by the lesions, would lead one to the conclusion that the animal was not constantly infective. The non-infectiveness of this animal is further borne out by the length of time taken in infecting the heifers. It must be remembered, however, that the conditions under which the animals were kept were excellent, there being at all times plenty of fresh air and sunlight in the stall within which they were confined. These sanitary arrangements were almost ideal, rendering infection much more difficult than would be the case in a poorly lighted and ill ventilated stable, hence the danger of allowing an infected animal to remain with those known to be healthy becomes very evident. At the autopsy in each heifer, the lesions were very slight. In the case of heifer 6, which was placed on the right side of the cow, the post pharyngeal glands, together with those of the mediastinum were slightly affected. In the case of heifer 21, on the left side of the experimental cow, small caseating abscesses were present in the post-pharyngeal glands, other organs and glands being normal. CULTURE MEDIA. Since my return my attention has been directed particularly to the study of brain media for the growth of tuberculosis. The results, so far, have been promising, and will be reported at a later date. TYPHOID BACILLI. Their Detection in a Sample of Water tahen from the Tanhs of the ss. 'Montezuma.' On February 8, 1900, I received from Dr. Montizambert, Director General of Public Health, a sample of water taken from the tanks of the ss. Montezuma, on which vessel a number of cases of typhoid had occurred, with the request that it be determined whether or not bacilli of this disease were present. In pursuing the investigations upon this water, the methods more conunonly known, namely, those of Hiss and Capaldi, were tried a number of times without suc- cess. Qrowths were obtained, but a positive diagnosis was not obtained following the methods of these workers. Forttmately a new method, or rather the modification of an old method by Hankin*, came to hand, resulting in the isolation of the bacillus typhosus. This method of Hankin is very simple, consisting of the inoculation of a series of tubes containing ten cubic centimetres of broth, to which Parietti's solution has been added in successive amounts, one, two, three, &c., drops to a tube. After inocu- lating with the suspected material, the tubes are incubated, and on the day following the procedure is repeated, using the tube next below that which shows the smallest amount of growth. In the second series, Parietti's solution is added in the same manner, commencing with the number of drops as contained in the tube used to inoculate from. • Centralblatt tflr Bakterlologle, 1900. 142 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Three or four days of this procedure will eliminate the more rapid-growing putre- factive bacteria, and cultures should be made upon plain agar tubes, which in this work are preferable to plates. From the broth cultures selected, it is well to make about one hundred agar cultures, which are examined on the following day after being incubated. Tubes which show no colonies resembling typhoid are at once discarded. Tubes showing colonies similar to typhoid, are taken and cultures made from the typhoid-like colonies upon lactose-litmus agar. Any of these cultures on lactose-litmus agar, which show a reddening of the medium after being incubated for two days, are thrown aside as of no further value. Those which still remain blue are retained and fermentation tubes inoculated. If no gas is introduced, the Widal typhoid reaction is tried, and if the characteristic clumping is obtained, it proves the presence of the typhoid bacillus. This, then, is very briefly the method of Hankin. I was very fortunate in suc- ceeding upon the first trial in isolating this germ where the Hiss and Capaldi methods had failed to reveal its presence. The success one meets with in using this process is not so much a matter of tech- nique as it is of having an unlimited supply of culture media on hand with which to proceed. In connection with this examination, a control containing typhoid was carried in order to check the results obtained from the suspected matter. This is the simplest and most efficient method I have yet tried for isolating this gei-m, which is always so closely associated with bacillus coli. ANTHRAX. Acting on instructions received September 2 from Dr. D. McEachran, Chief Inspector of Live Stock, I left for the North-west to assist Dr. Hargrave in stamping out and controlling an outbreak of anthrax occurring in the sheep belonging to the Canadian Land and Ranch Company at Swift Current, arriving at the ranch on the Gth, where I was met by Dr. Hargrave. At the time of my arrival the outbreak had been stopped by moving the sheep progressively off the infected area. Microscopic examinations were made of various dead animals in which the diagnosis of anthrax was confirmed, and in addition to this microscopic examination, ' gophers ' were inoculated with the earth from around carcasses, dying inside of twenty-four hours of anthrax. The inconvenience caused by not being able to get vaccine with which to start the inoculation of the sheep was great, as it was desired that they all be inoculated before weaning the lambs and their removal to their winter quarters. The vaccine when it did come, came in small lots, necessitating great delays, for it was necessary to do a band consisting of two thousand at a time, it not being possible or practicable to divide the flocks. The result of the vaccinating was not wholly satisfactory owing to the great num- ber of deaths occasioned by the use of vaccine supplied to us. Following is the report of Dr. Hargrave and myself upon the result of the use of the vaccine on the sheep. Swift Current, Assa., N.W.T., October 2, 1901. Sir, — We have the honour to submit the following report concerning the vaccina- tion of sheep, the property of the Canadian Land and Ranch Company at their ranch at Swift Current, Assiniboia, X.W.T. With one lot of vaccine sent us there have been vaccinated 4,673 sheep, including fat sheep and yearlings. Since vaccinating the number of deaths has been 475. CATTLE QUARANTINE 143 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 Three thousand eight hundred and one ewes and lambs have been vaccinated with first lymph supplied from the same source, but owing to the excessive death rate in those receiving both lymphs it was not considered advisable to apply the second lymph. With Pasteur's vaccine 4,000 ewes and lambs have received both lymphs. The other vaccine has impressed us as being carelessly prepared, evidence of putre- factive change being present in many of the vials. The amount of undiluted material varied in both lymphs from one to four cubic centimeteres in vials that were measured. Pasteur's vaccine has in every instance appeared uniform in colour and consist- ency, and without odour save that natural to the bacillus anthracis. The sheep vaccinated with the first supply of vaccine have after the application of the first lymph, presented an enlargement at the side of inoculation varying in size from a pea to a pigeon's egg. No inflammatory change was noted in any case after Pasteur's first lymph. Dr. Hargrave will supply further detailed report of the deaths among all the vac- cinated sheep, which report is at present incomplete, sufilcient time not having elapsed since the use of Pasteur's second lymph to determine its effects. We have the honour to be, sir, your obedient servant, (Signed) J. C. Hargrave, Inspector. " Chas. H. Higgins, Assistant Pathologist. Dr. D. McEaciiran^ Chief Inspector of Stock, Montreal, Que. At the time of the original outbreak the disease was contracted by the manager of this ranch, Mr. Alexander, and one of the shepherds, but in neither instance did it prove fatal having been promptly treated. MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATIONS. This refers to the work for diagnosis upon specimens sent in by inspectors in the event of an outbreak of a contagious disease. It is not necessary to dilate upon these reports, as a report of the outbreak provided the examination revealed the infective agent is to be found in connection with that of the inspector reporting the outbreak of disease. TUBERCULIN TESTING. In connection with my regular experimental work I have tested 105 head of thoroughbred cattle, most of which were for export to the United States, and in this number have had 17 reactions, which reacting animals have been placed in quarantine. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant. CHAS. H. HIGGINS, Assistant Pathologist. To the Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. 144 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 No. 17. CATTLE QUARANTINE. (M. C. Baker, D.V.S.) Montreal, October 31, 1901. Sir, — I beg to report that during the year ending October 31, 1901, I have inspected and passed for shipment from the port of Montreal, at the Canadian Pacific Railway Company's stockyards of this city, 45,619 head of cattle and 13,616 sheep. Of these 5,386 head of cattle and 896 sheep were from the United States. The monthly inspections, which have been already forwarded to the department, are as follows : — Head of Cattle. Sheep. November 1900 7,019 2,451 May, 1901 2,834 336 June, 1901 4,004 1,900 July, 1901 5,214 2,736 August, 1901 9,273 2,173 September, 1901 . . 11,138 1,161 October, 1901 6,137 2,859 Total 45,619 13,616 The number of cattle shipped from this port in October is much less than in the same month of last year. This is owing to the fact that during the month there were shipped via Boston and Portland nearly 5,000 head of cattle from Canadian Pacific Railway stockyards. Of the cattle inspected at the Canadian Pacific Railway stockyards and included in the above list, 783 head were shipped from Quebec, the balance from Montreal. During the year there were rejected 36 head of cattle and 3 sheep. Of these ani- mals rejected only one was affected with actinomycosis, the balance were injured or lame. The cattle and sheep that have been inspected demonstrate that the Dominion is remarkably free from disease. Acting on instructions received from the department, I visited the county of Welland, Ontario, to investigate a reported outbreak of rabies, but was unable to determine if the animals that were supposed to have died of rabies or had been killed on account of having been suspected of having the disease really had rabies. I reported fully at the time of making the investigation. The inoculations made by Dr. Higgins from portions of the brain of the animal on which I made a post-mortem examination, did not give any definite results. As there have been no further cases reported, we must conclude that if the sus- pected animals really had rabies, all that became inoculated either died or were killed. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, M. 0. BAKER, D.V.S., Inspector. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. CATTLE QUARANTINE 145 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 No. 18. CATTLE QUARANTINE. (Charles McEaohran, D.V.S.) Mo"NTREAL, October 31, 1901. Sir, — I have the honour to report that during the year commencing November 1, 1900, and ending October 31, 1901, 1,160 horses have been inspected by me, and exported from the port of Montreal to Great Britain. Forty-four horses were held back on account of being slightly affected by a contagious and infectious disease, viz., 23 from influenza and 21 from strangles. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, CHARLES McEACHRAN, Inspector. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. No. 19. CATTLE QUARANTINE. (B. A. SUGDEN, D.V.S.) Montreal, October 31, 1901. Sir, — I beg to report that during the period extending from November 1, 1900, to October 31, 1901, there were inspected and passed for shipment at the Grand Trunk Railway stock yards, Montreal, 34,914 cattle, of which 3,043 were from the United States, and 32,959 sheep, of which 15,914 were from the United States. The shipments were distributed as follows : — November, 1900 May, "1901 June, 1901 Ju]y, 1901 August, 1901 . September, 1901. October, 1901 . . . Canadian Cattle. 2,233 7,533 7,147 4,971 .3,712 2,618 3,657 31,871 Total cattle. United States Cattle. 34 1,218 391 238 322 234 696 3,043 31,871 34,914 Canadian Sheep. 1,787 171 1,247 3,718 3,651 2,929 3,542 17,045 Total sheep. United States Sheep. 7,947 4,872 2,864 231 15.914 17,045 32,959 15—10 146 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 There were rejected 27 head of cattle, four of which were cows apparently suffer- ing from tubercular lesions of the udder, the balance being held back for injuries. Thirty-four sheep were rejected for lameness and injuries received during trans- portation. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. B. A. SUGDEN, D.V.S., Inspector. No. 20. CATTLE QUAEANTINE. (A. E. Moore, D.V.S.) Montreal, October 31, 1901. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report of work done by me during the past year from JSTovember 1, 1900, to October 31, 1901. TUBERCULOSIS. I beg to report that I have tested 680 head of cattle for tuberculosis during the past year, 123 were tuberculous and 5 suspicious. Of this number 115 were tested for export to the United States for breeding purposes. Eighteen of these reacted and are in quarantine on the premises of the owners. I inspected the beef of 47 of these tuberculous animals, 19 were fit for food, the others either had generalized tuberculosis or were too thin for food. One herd of 17 dairy cows were too thin for beef, but the owner insisted on killing them immediately, as he did not wish to incur expense of getting them into condition for beef. All the other cattle that reacted are still alive and in quarantine on the owner's premises. Ninety-two of the above diseased animals were from three herds, viz., 57 tubercu- lous out of a herd of 72, 18 out of a herd of 21, and 17 out of a herd of 20. This is an interesting instance in that it shows the great importance of good ventilation. These stables were all kept fairly clean and dry, but there was little or no provision made for ventilation, there being far too little breathing space for each animal, for example, the stable having 20 cows was 30 feet long by 20 feet wide, and 6 feet high, only three escaped the disease and 2 of these stood nearest the door which was not very tightly closed. In another stable the temperature was generally kept at 65 to 70 degrees F. in the winter (from the heat of the animals), the building being kept tightly closed up, con- sequently about 80 per cent of a very large herd became tuberculous. These animals all contracted the disease within two years, having been tested two years previously and found healthy. The source of infection was a cow with generalized tuberculosis, having a profuse discharge from the uterus, which was a mass of disease. CATTLE QUARANTINE HI SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 ANTHRAX. Fifty-six cattle and two horses have died from anthrax in districts investigated by me during the year, 35 cattle in Ontario, 18 cattle and 2 horses in Quebec, 3 cattle in New Brunswick. I have vaccinated Y5 herds, numbering 887 cattle with the Pasteur anthrax vaccine. The results have been very satisfactory, no deaths having been re- poi'ted from those that have been vaccinated, and many of these animals were allowed to graze on the contaminated pastures, after inoculation. In the neighbourhood of Oznabruck, Lunenberg and Newington (Cornwall and Stormont Counties, Ontario), there were about 30 deaths in cattle from anthrax. The disease was somewhat scattered but was confined to farms along the course of a creek. The neighbours were very much alarmed and anxious to have their herds vaccinated. Over 1,000 cattle were vaccinated in this district by Dr. Higginson and myself. BLACK LEG. Fourteen deaths confined to three farms have occurred from black leg on farms where I have investigated on instructions from the department. These carcasses were burned ; the surviving young cattle on each farm I vaccinated with Pasteur cord vaccine. GLANDERS. Four horses belonging to Mr. L. P. Cramer, of Windsor Mills, P.Q., reacted to the mallein test. They were destroyed at the owner's request. His premises have been renovated and carefully disinfected, and I have tested with mallein his two other horses which were exposed for a short time, and found them free from the disease. Mr. Cramer himself contracted the disease, which shows the danger of contact with glandered horses. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, A. E. MOORE, D.V.S., Inspector. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. 1.5-101 148 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 No. 21. EEPOET OT^ POINT LEVIS CATTLE QUARANTINE STATION. (J. A. Couture, D.V.S.) Quebec, P.Q., October 31, 1901. Sir, — I have the honour to forward my report, for the last twelve months, of live stock imported into this quarantine. During that period we have received 390 cattle, 1,108 sheep, 63 pigs, a total of 1,561 animals. CATTLE. The cattle were of the following breeds : — 266 Shorthorns, 50 Polled Angus, 30' Simmenthalers (Swiss), 21 Galloways, 13 Ayrshircs, 10 Guerneseys. Their destinations were as follows : — For Canada. For U. States. Shorthorns 219 47 Polled Angus 50 Simmenthalers ... 30 Galloways 7 14 Ayrshires 13 Guerneseys 10 Total 249 141 There were born in quarantine 7 calves. Two calves died. Twelve cattle were tested with tuberculin. SHEEP. The sheep were of the following breeds : — 466 Kambouillets, 293 Shropshires, 131 Lincolns, 90 Cotswolds, 49 Oxfords, 37 Hampshires, 22 South Downs, 20 Dorsets. Their destinations were as follows : — For Canada. For U. States. Kambouillets 68 398 Shropshires 174 119 Lincolns ... 131 Cotswolds 85 5 Oxfords 12 37 Hampshires 6 31 South Downs 17 5 Dorsets 19 1 Total 381 727 SSIjWb J^. 3ocjWe Nazi Stable raraiS6'.;6! |I!I!V!«4/ \ tV \6CanieM No,<;6 \ \ Nniasisble iB"!"* , i r \ ^N |fo^^5Came;fcj^B^c^ / / LumberYard W I / fiO 17 i4lN0 l7S>duii; ,-,/ Jfnni IJJ m Sheet Nol3S«6te ,^^_ z72'>168'tJ= M'2l!lu rnntfard H og Vacanl Lol^ - Plan of Pte. Levis Live Stock Quarantine CATTLE QUARANTINE 149 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 PIGS. The pigs imported were as follows : — 57 Yorkshires, 4 Large Blacks, 3 Tam- worths, 2 Berkshires, a total of 63. All were for Canada, except 5 Yorkshires. I am glad to report that there was no contagious disease during the past twelve months among animals arriving at this quarantine. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, J. A. COUTURE, Inspector. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. No. 22. REPORT ON ST. JOHl^ CATTLE QUARANTINE STATION. (J. H. Frink, D.V.S.) St. John, N.B., October 31, 1901. Sir, — I have the honour to submit annual report of work at this station. The total export of live stock to Great Britain from this port numbered 25,681, made up as follows : — Canadian cattle 8,546 Canadian sheep 6,727 United States cattle. 3,289 United States sheep 6,892 United States horses 17 Canadian horses 210 Cattle condemned 2 Sheep condemned 1 Horses condemned 1 Detained and reshipped 2 Killed in transit 22 These animals were all inspected, and no contagious disease was found in them. One horse condemned with pneumonia, one bull with foot foul, and a steer with acute bronchitis, were sent to the abattoir. One United States sheep badly affected with foul in the foot was sent the same way. Twenty-two animals were killed or injured sufficiently in transit to necessitate their destruction. Deaths and injury were nost noticeable in shipments of sheep. Very great improvements have been made by the Canadian Pacific Railway at St. John West, in regard to the accommodation of live stock for export. A large area has been covered with suitable stables, with excellent facilities for food and water, capable of containing at least 1,200 head of stock. These yards and stables have been placed within a hundred feet of the face of the docks, and will prove of great convenience to cattle-carrying ships. With existing facilities, shippers may forward their cattle days before loading, and have them obtain rest and food before being placed on shipboard. This work has been accomplished none too soon. The imports of stock from abroad have been light, and consisted of six stallions imported by Col. Dent for improvement of stock, thirteen 150 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 thorougiibred cattle from Great Britain, which were detained ninety days in quaran- tine, and one cattle and eleven swine for breeding purposes from the United States. Xo export of cattle has been made to the United States from this province during the year. A few years ago a very large number of high grade milch cattle were taken up by United States buyers. This trade has been discontinued, as our farmers, more readily than ever, realize the advantage of keeping this class of cattle in the country. One animal was tested for tubercle prior to export to West Indies, belonging to Mr. James Friars, Shediac, ^ST.B., and passed satisfactorily. There is no contagious disease of animals in this province, except tuberculosis and actinomycosis. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, JAMES H. FEIKK, The Honourable Inspector. The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. No. 23. EEPOET ON HALIFAX CATTLE QUARANTINE STATION. (Wm. Jakeman, D.V.S.) Halifax, N.S., October 31, 1901. Sm, — I beg leave to submit the following statements of animals inspected during the twelve months, ended October 31, 1901. EXPORTED. Horses 83. Mules — Cattle 301 Sheep 1,098 Swine 9 IMPORTED. Horses 11 Mules — Cattle 1 Sheep — Swine — In addition to these 200 cattle ex ss. Martello from United States, arrived with propeller broken, were placed in quarantine while repairs were being made. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, WM. J AXEMAN, V.S., The Honourable Inspector. The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. CATTLE QUARANTINE 151 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 No. 24. i EEPOKT ON HEALTH OF LIVE STOCK IN ONTAKIO. (Andrew Smith^ F.K.C.V.S.) Toronto, October 31, 1901, Sir, — I have the honour to make the following report on the health of the domestic animals in the province of Ontario during the past year. HORSES. No special outbreak of disease in this province. But influenza and strangles — ^both in rather a mild form have occurred to a greater or less extent, more especially in cities and crowded localities, with very few fatal results from either disease, I believe. Horses generally in good health. Two cases of glanders were reported by Mr. Arm- strong, V.S., of Sparta, both were destroyed. CATTLE. Some cases of anthrax were reported in the neighbourhood of Millbrook. In- vestigation proved that a few cases that were believed to be anthrax had occurred in that locality, but that the disease had not spread much amongst the herds on the farms on which it had appeared, and that it had not been communicated from farm to farm, the farms on which it had occurred being widely apart. Some other cases of the disease have been reported. But it does not appear to have spread to any extent. A large number of cattle are brought into the Toronto cattle market. These are mostly fat cattle in prime condition for butchering. Any of these that present any in- dications of disease are held to be butchered under veterinary inspection, and only a very few have been condemned as unfit for food, as the result of the post-mortem ex- aminations. The cattle brought in are, as a rule, good grades in prime condition and healthy. Throughout this district cattle are generally healthy. SHEEP. Generally healthy — Mr. Gerrow, V.S., of Woodville, reports some cases of scab near Dalrymple, P.O. SWINE. Generally healthy — No outbreaks of contagious disease in this locality. But out- breaks have occurred in the districts of Windsor, Wallaceburg and Chatham, which have been reported to the department. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, ANDEEW SMITH, F.R.C.V.S. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. 152 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 No. 25. EEPORT OX POINT EDWARD CATTLE QUARANTINE STATION. (Arthur Brown, D.V.S.) Sarnia, October 31, 1901. SiR,-^I have the honour to submit my annual report of cattle and swine received into the Ontario cattle quarantine at Point Edward for the year ending October 31, 1901. The swine imported were of good quality, a preference being shown for White Chesters. There have been no diseased animals in the quarantine this year, and I may state that no contagious disease exists in this district, with the exception of some cattle with tuberculosis and actinomycosis. There have been two outbreaks of hog cholera during the past year in my dis- trict, but, owing to proper cleansing and disinfection of the premises, and the destruc- tion of diseased animals and animals that were in contact with those diseased, I hope that it has been stamped out. Attached you will find a statement including animals received into quarantine, animals that were imported by settlers, and cattle imported for breeding purposes, that did not require to be placed in quarantine. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, ARTHUR BROWN, V.S., Inspeetor. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. Statement of animals imported at Point Edward during the twelve months ended October 31, 1901. Cattle 18 Sheep — Rams 2 Eor Toronto Exhibition 13 Swine Y Also, eighteen cattle and 255 sheep returned from the Fat Stock Exhibition, Chicago. ARTHUR BROWN, V.S., hispecfor. CATTLE QUARANTINE 153 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 No. 26. EEPORT OF S. E. BOULTER, V.S., INSPECTOR AT NIAGARA FALLS, ONT. Niagara Falls South, Ont., October 31, 1901. Sir, — I beg to submit a short summary of work done by me in tbe interests of the •department in the Niagara district during the year ending October 31, 1901. Two cases of hog cholera have been reported to me during the year by Dr. Whybra, of Stevensville, both cases being in the township of Bertie. On investigation, I found the cases were not cholera, as reported. And it is very gratifying to be able to report that there have been no cases of hog cholera in this district during the past year. One case of anthrax was reported from Crowland township, two animals having died on one farm. The cases were undoubtedly symptomatic anthrax. The remainder of the animals were removed to higher-lying lands, and no others were affected. Rabies was reported to be existing in the township of South Pelham, as the result of a dog bite, and I believe one mare and one cow died, showing unmistakable symptoms of rabies in the furious form. Six animals died in the same neighbour- hood, and all about the same time, from a form of paralysis commencing usually in one hind leg and gradually affecting all the extermities ; then cerebral disturbance became manifest, and death closed the scene in from three to five days after the first symptoms appeared. These cases have not been clear to me, as to the exact cause of the disease, and until I receive the report of the bacteriologist, I shall report it as rabies in the dumb form. The district throughout has been very free from contagious diseases. During "the past twelve months I have inspected four cattle, three sheep and thirteen swine imported from the United States. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, S. E. BOULTER, V.S., Inspector. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. 154 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 No. 27. REPORT OX INSPECTION WORK IN PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND. (W. H. Pethick, V.S.) Bedeque, P.E.I., October 31, 1901. Sm, — I have the honour to furnish you with my annual report, and am glad to be able to say that the health of live stock on Prince Edward Island continues good. No outbreak of contagious disease having occurred. I have, however, been called to visit the following places to investigate the reported existence of contagious disease : Cav- andish, Rose Valley, Cape Traverse (on three occasions), Darnley, Kinliora, Middle- ton, Clifton, Searletown, ^Bridgetown, Wilmot, Graham Road, South Shore, Tryon, Fiench River and Newton. I endeavoured to attend to all such cases brought under my notice and made diligent inquiry in order to enable me to ascertain the nature of the disease, but am glad to say that in no instance did I find evidence to confirm the report or justify quarantine. You will be pleased to notice by the charts which have from time to time reached you, that no animal has reacted to the tuberculine test. A number of breeding animals examined by me under the United States regulations were healthy, as were all incom^ ming cattle examined in accordance with out provincial Quarantine Act. My absence during a portion of the summer will explain the limited number of shipments of live stock examined by me previous to departure for foreig-n ports. Mr. A. Leckie, M.R. C.V.S., of Charlottetown, acting in my place. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, w. H. pethice:, V.S. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. Statement of animals inspected by W. H. Pethick, V.S., previous to shipment by sea from the port of Summerside during the twelve months, ended October 31, 1901. Horses 11 Cattle 264 Sheep 186 Swine 9 W. H. PETHICK, V.S., Inspector. CATTLE QUARANTINE 155 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 No. 28. i . EEPOET OF VETEEINAEY INSPECTOE AT WINNIPEG, MAN. (Chas. Little, V.S.) Winnipeg, Man., October 31, 1901. Sir, — I have the honour to report to you the result of inspections made by me at this post for the year beginning on the 1st day of November, 1900, and ending this 31st day of October, 1901. This report includes the number of animals I have tested for tuberculosis in the city dairies. Also the number tested to go to the States. The following animals belonging to immigrants were inspected : — 704 horses, 4 mules, 900 cattle, 114 sheep and 89 hogs. In addition to the above, I inspected two thousand one hundred and twenty-five (2,125) head of horses and mules that were brought in for sale, and for circus, racing and exhibition purposes being a total of : Horses and mules • 2,829 Cattle 900 Sheep 114 Hogs 89 I also tested 51 head of dairy cattle, 9 of which were diseased and placed in quar- antine. I have tested 41 head of pure bred animals for export to the States, one of which was diseased and placed in quarantine. I also gave certificates for 1,100 head of stockers for export south. I was called upon to investigate one outbreak of black leg in which five animals died. I disposed of 200 doses of Pasteur's black leg vaccine cord to parties wishing to vaccinate their animals. The vaccine was sent to me by your department. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, CHAS. LITTLE, V.S. Inspector. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. 156 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 1-2 EDWARD Vll., A. 1902 No. 29. EEPOKT OF THE XORTH-WEST MOUNTED POLICE COMMISSIONER. (A. BowEx Perry.) Regina, October 31, 1901. Sir, — I have the honour to forward my annual report of work performed by the North-west Mounted Police for your department during the twelve months ended October 31, 1901, together with the annual reports of the following veterinary inspec- tors, giving in detail the various duties performed by them : Inspector Burnett, V.S., Macleod. Staff Sergt. Eraser, Macleod. Earr, V.S., Coutts. Hobbs, V.S., Calgary. R. Riddell, V.S., Calgary. Staff Sergt. Sweetapple, V.S., Fort Saskatchewan. " Mountford, V.S., Prince Albert. " Mitchell, V.S., Eegina. " Ayre, Regina. " Matthews, V.S., Regina. " Coristine, V.S., Maple Creek. « Tracey, V.S., Battleford. J. Hargrave, V.S., Medicine Hat. The general health of horned stock throughout the Territories has been good, and there has been no serious outbreak amongst them of any contagious disease. Mange, which it was feared might be prevalent during the winter months, for- tunately was less common than in former years, and with the axivent of spring and green grass, nearly disappeared. There has been no outbreak of anthrax, but isolated cases have appeared in different parts of the Territories. Actinomycosis appeared in all parts of the Territories, but I think less than in former years, certainly so amongst the range cattle. There have been a few cases of tuberculosis reported, principally amongst imported stock. HORSES. Horses have suffered much from typhoid fever during the past year, chiefly in the Prince Albert and Edmonton districts, though some cases were reported from Medi- cine Hat. Glanders is, I regret to say, still a great deal more prevalent than is desirable, but every effort is being made to stamp it out, and the number of horses destroyed during the past year is less than during the preceding year. About 47,167 head of fat cattle were inspected for export, out of which a few were found diseased and rejected. CATTLE QUARANTINE 157 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 The following table shows shipping points and number of cattle shipped : — Eegina and district 6,120 Qu'Appelle 2,045 Maple Creek 5,899 Rush Lake 699 Lethbridge 4,639 Macleod 1,386 Pincher Creek 606 Calgary 14,842 Medicine Hat 6,600 Claresholme 1,430 Cayley 145 0 Moosorain and district 3,756 Total 47,167 Cattle shipped from Prince Albert, Saskatchewan and Dundurn would bring the total number to over 50,000. Every precaution has been taken not to delay shippers, but as there will often be several shipments in one district at widely different points, assistance has some- times to be called in to aid our permanent staff. Two thousand nine hundred and forty-two cattle were inspected at North Portal, the property of settlers, and 2,984 horses were inspected at the same point ; at Maple Creek, 103 cattle and 555 horses ; at Coutts, 3,980 cattle, 1,492 horses and 11,486 sheep. Eight thousand five hundred and sixty sheep were imported at Maple Creek, and 41,565 were imported south of Cardston, just at the end of October. A total of $2,081.39 has been collected as inspection fees at different ports of entry, not including amount collected on sheep imported south . of Cardston, and refunded to your department. CATTLE. Actinomycosis is generally distributed throughout the Territories, but is yearly decreasing. A marked decrease in the number of cases amongst range cattle is most noticeable, due, in a great measure, to the prompt action of stockmen who, whenever an animal is found suffering from this disease, shoot it, and either burn of bury the head. This disease was most prevalent in the Prince Albert district, thirty-six cases being reported from there. Forty-five cattle suffering from this disease were destroyed during the past year in the Territories. Anthrax. — There has been no outbreak of this disease, but cases have occurred here and there throughout the Territories. One outbreak was reported at Carstairs, but on investigation no anthrax germs were discovered in the specimen forwarded to the pathologist at Montreal. Dr. Hargrave gives it as his opinion that sympto- matic anthrax was the cause of death. After inoculation with blacklegine, no further deaths occurred. Mange. — During the winter of 1900-1901, mange was more or less prevalent throughout the range countiy, but not to a serious extent. Cattle affected were taken up and treated by their owners, and with the advent of warm weather and green grass, the disease apparently disappeared. Some member of the force attended all the- large round-ups, and the number of cattle reported as suffering from mange was extremely small, as the following shows : — Calgary District, 1,850 head ; no mange. Mosquito Creek, 8,000 head ; one case. 158 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Cochrane Rancla, 7,800 head ; no mange, Pincher Creek, number not given ; no mange. Oxley Ranch, 15,000 head ; five cases. Circle Ranch, number not given ; three cases. Cypress Hills, number not given ; no mange. This is a very satisfactory showing, but it remains to be seen what effect a long and severe winter may have in reproducing this disease. At present there are cases of mange in the Sheep Creek and High River districts. Material has been shipped to the owners of the affected animals to treat them under the supervision of our inspec- tor at Calgary. The disease also exists in certain sections of the Cypress Hills, but to a small extent. SHEEP. • Anthrax. — This disease occurred near Swift Current, amongst sheep owned by the Canadian Land and Ranch Company. Dr. Hargrave, V.S., of Medicine Hat, was in special charge during the continuance of the outbreak. Prompt measures were taken at once to isolate the infected district and to prevent any stock from being driven across or entering on the quarantined area, and all carcasses were burned without delay, and in a short time the outbreak was under control. The outbreak commenced in the beginning of August, and up to the 26th of the same month, some 2,500 sheep died. On September 7, Dr. Hargrave, V.S., and Dr. Higgins, of Mon- treal, began to vaccinate the sheep, using two different kinds of vaccine, considerable loss resulting from the use of one kind, a full account of which is given in Dr. Har- grave's report. This band at the end of the year appeared to be quite healthy. The range they had been using was to have been burned over, but snow coming early prevented this. The state veterinarian of Montana wrote in some alarm about this outbreak, fearing that the disease might be carried across the line by birds or ante- lope, and it was reported in Montana that large numbers of antelope had mysteriously died on Canadian territory, but after careful inquiry I am convinced that there is no truth in this statement. The Montana authorities were written to and told that every precaution had been taken to prevent the spread of the disease. Foot rot was reported amongst a band of sheep at Wood Mountain, but on exam- ination there were found to be but few cases. The cause was running the sheep on wet ground, and on their being driven to higher and dry ground, the disease soon dis- appeared. Scab. — Xone has been reported. HORSES. Glanders. — This disease is still much too common, and cases have occurred all over the Territories, the greatest number, perhaps, being in Eastern Assiniboia. Peo- ple are fully alive to the dangers of this dread disease, and report promptly any sus- picious symptoms in their horses, and a great deal of the veterinary inspectors' time is taken up in examining and testing suspicious cases. Col. Dent complained of glanders appearing in horses purchased by him in the Maple Creek and Medicine Hat districts. An order was sent to the officer commanding that district, to have his quarantine inspectors examine all horses in the C;vT)ress Hills. This work was com- menced, but as the horses were scattered over an immense tract of country, and most of them quite unbroken, it was found quite impossible to make a thorough examina- tion, unless there was a general round-up of all the horses. Your department was consulted on this point, and the matter is now under consideration. CATTLE QVAKANTINE 159 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 I believe it is the intention of the department to issue a pamphlet for distribu- tion on ' Glanders,' and this will supply a long felt want. Ninety horses were destroyed during the year, distributed as follows : — Macleod and Lethbridge district 1 Maple Creek district 45 Calgary district 5 Prince Albert district 6 Fort Saskatchewan district 6 Regina and district 27 Total 90 Typhoid fever has been common as usual in the northern districts ; very little seems to be known of the cause and nature of this disease, and there is much to learn. One prime cause appears to be the drinking of polluted water, a large amount of stock being watered from sloughs in close proximity to drainage from the barn-yards. Dirty and ill ventilated stables is likely another cause. The disease is very fatal and even if the horse recovers, in most instances he is a physical wreck and quite unfitted for any work. Strangles has been accountable for the death of quite a number of horses during the past year. Equine Syphilis. — Strict injunctions were issued to all veterinary inspectors to make a thorough examination of all stallions and mares imported from the States. No cases of this disease were reported. GENERAL REMARKS. Dr. Hargrave, V.S., of Medicine Hat was appointed to test cattle for breeding and dairy purposes for export west of Moosejaw and Dr. Charles Little, V.S., of Win- nipeg, east of Moosejaw. Blackleg vaccine was supplied by your department and sold at cost price to stock men for the inoculation of young stock. The total quantity disposed of by the police was 675 doses. The intention of the government to do this was widely circulated and quite a few ranchers took advantage of it, and next season I am certain a large quantity of vaccine will be required to meet increased demands. I know only of one case where a calf that had been vaccinated died. Authority was granted allowing settlers coming in from the United States with small bands of sheep which were free from disease, but for which no health certificate was held, to be passed and to proceed to their destination. There promises to be a large importation of sheep from Montana next year into the country from about south of Swift Current to the mountains. Special instructions have already been received to have a most careful examination made, particularly for scab, of all imported sheep and these instructions will be rigidly carried out. There is some friction now between cattle and sheep men in the Cypress Hills, and is always likely to be when cattle and sheep are present on the same range, and I would strongly recommend that the portions of country set apart for sheep grazing be made public, and that the sheep be not allowed to graze outside these limits. There is one subject that demands attention and that is the importation of a worth- less class of horses by half-breeds and Indians. They go south of the line and acquire a certain number of ponies which they smuggle into the Territories. Apart from these being an undesirable class of animal they are not inspected by any veterinary surgeon, and as a consequence glanders or other infectious or contagious diseases can be introduced. 160 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 During the past year several seizures of such stock have been made, and in every case the owners have been allowed to regain possession of their horses on paying duty and expenses. In one case where the horses had been brought in by half-breeds some had actu- ally been sold, still they were allowed to pay the duty and go scot free. Until more severe measures are taken Indians and half-breeds will continue to smuggle in horses and take chances of being caught. If they are caught it means just paying duty and if not caught they are that much ahead. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, A. BOWEF PERKY, Commissioner^ N.W.M.P. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. No. 30. REPORT OF VETERINARY INSPECTOR AT NELSON, B.C. (J. A. Armstrong^ V.S.) Nelson, B.C., October 31, 1901. Sir, — I have the honour to submit to you this my report for the year ending Octo- ber 31. I beg to say that this country has been very free from disease, there being only one outbreak during the year, viz., glanders in the stable of Warden Brothers, three horses having to be killed. The following is a statement of the stock imported into this district during the year : — Horses 294 Mules 4 Cattle 89 Sheep 7,614 Swine 10 I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, J. A. ARMSTRONG, V.S., Inspector. The Honourable. The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. CATTLE QUARANTINE 161 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 No. 31. KEPORT OF VETERINARY INSPECTOR AT GRAND FORKS, B.C. (S. C. Richards, V.S.) Grand Forks, B.C., October 1, 1901. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report of animals imported into the Kettle River district for the year ending October 31, 1901. Total number of animals inspected : Horses, 193 ; cattle, 45 ; hogs, 43 ; sheep, 487 ; mules, 1. .• It is my pleasure to state that the condition of all the cattle in the district is good, and that glanders has been successfully stamped out. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, S. C. RICHARDS, V.S., The Honourable Inspector. The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. No. 32. REPORT OF VETERINARY INSPECTOR AT VANCOUVER, B.C. (J. B. Hart, V.S.) Vancouver, B.C., October 31, 1901. Sir, — I have the honour to report this district as being comparatively free from contagious disease. There is still a percentage of tuberculosis and actinomycosis ; but the tuberculin test is becoming more popular with breeders and shippers as they learn of its practical infallibility, and I trust a few years of watchful care will see bovine tuberculosis prac- tically weeded out. Sheep scab and foot rot are heard of, but not seen. I investigated a reported case of the latter, but it proved nothing more serious than softened tissue on the flock being moved from dry, hard, hill pasture to soft wet bottom land. Symptomatic anthrax or blackleg exists in certain sections. But the mortality is being largely diminished by the preventive, blacklegine or blackleg vaccine, fur- nished at a nominal figure by the Dominion government. Of the animals examined and tested for export to the United States, I have had to refuse certificates for and condemn seven head. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, J. B. HART, D.V.S., The Honourable Inspector. The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. : , 15—11 162 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 1-2 EDWARD Yll., A. 1902 No. 33. EEPORT OF VETERINARY INSPECTOR AT VICTORIA, B.C. (S. F. TOLMIE, V.S.) Victoria, B.C., October 31, 1901. Sir, — I have the honour to submit to you a report of the animals inspected at Victoria during the year ending October 31, 1901. Appended you will find a statement of the number of animals inspected. I have detained animals in quarantine for the required periods, whenever neces- sary, in accordance with the regulations. The health of animals in this district generally has been good, and I have found no cause to condemn any during the year. I have applied the tuberculin test to twenty-two cattle without rejecting any. The horses imported were nearly all of the driving and general purpose class ; there were a few thoroughbreds. The cattle were all dairy animals. The sheep were principally stock sheep of medium quality, and some good pure- bred rams. The farmers of this district are showing an increased interest in the improvement of their herds and flocks, and have patronized the government sales of live stock liberally. This cannot fail to have a very beneficial effect on the quality of the stock. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, S. F. TOLMIE, V.S., Inspector. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. Statement of animals inspected at Victoria, B.C., during the twelve months ended October 31, 1901. Imported. Exported. Horses and mules 216 2 Cattle 37 4 Sheep 319 9 Swine 1 S. F. TOLMIE, V.S., Inspector. CATTLE QUARANTINE 163 SESSIONAL. PAPER No. 15 No. 34. EEPORT ON PICTOU CATTLE DISEASE IIT NOVA SCOTIA. (Geo. Townsend^ V.S.) New Glasgow, KS., October 31, 1901. Sir, — I have the honour to submit herewith a statement showing the number o£ cattle slaughtered for ' Pictou Cattle Disease,' and amount of compensation paid therefor during the year ended October 31, 1901. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, GEORGE TOWNSEND, V.S., Statement of cattle slaughtered and amounts paid, from November 1, 1900, to Octo- ber 31, 1901. Month. November , December.... January February March April Carried forward . . Number slaughtered. 24 Amount paid. $ cts. 57 00 20 00 13 33 5 00 31 00 45 00 171 33 Month. Brought forward May June July August September October Total Number slaughtered . 24 12 20 18 9 4 5 92 Amount paid. $ cts. 171 33 90 00 155 00 148 33 84 00 35 00 40 00 723 66 The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. GEORGE TOWNSEND, V.S. 15— lU 16i DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 1-2 EDWARD V'l., A. 1902 No. 35. EEPOET ON" LIVE STOCK CARS AND YAEDS. (M. Auger.) Ottawa, October 31, 1901. Sir, — I have the honour to submit to you my annual report covering the period from November 1, 1900, to October 31, 1901. I am pleased to say that there has been some improvement in the cleaning of local live stock cars. Although there have been cases of neglect, which it is almost impossible to prevent, the different railroad companies handling live stock have shown a disposition to do what is right. The live stock cars carrying cattle to and from the United States are duly cleaned and disinfected, and very few had to be returned for not being cleaned ac- cording to regulations. During the j^ear I had several cattle yards put in good order. In compliance with your request in March last I visited the west as far as Victoria^ B.C. I saw several officers of the Canadian Pacific Railway and the result was that several yards were put in proper condition. I had intended returning there this fall, as it was rather early when I went, but have not yet been able to go. About the middle of October, I visited, at your request, the cattle yards and sheds at West St. John, or Carleton, N.B. I found the Canadian Pacific Railway Com- pany had covered their sheds, enlarged them and built others sufficient to cover over a thousand head of cattle at a time ; they were then dividing the different buildings, making stalls and putting in water tanks. The said works were expected to be com- pleted in three weeks from that time, October 9, 1901. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, M. AUGER, Inspector of Live Sioch Cars and Yards. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. CATTLE QUARANTINE 165 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 No. 36. REPOET ON THE TESTING OF CATTLE FOR TUBERCULOSIS IN GREAT BRITAIN DURING THE SEASON OF 1901. Glasgow, Scotland, October 31, 1901. Sir, — I beg to lay before you a brief report of the work performed by me as veterinary quarantine officer of your department, stationed during the past season in Great Britain. Acting- i;pon your instructions, I proceeded to England, arriving at Liverpool on April 8. On April 10, I presented your letters at the office of the High Commissioner in London, and after consultation with Lord Strathcona and Mr. Colmer, I decided to establish my headquarters in Glasgow, as very few cattle are shipped to Canada from any other British port. While in London at this time I called on M.r. Cope, F.R.C.V.S., chief veterinary officer of the Board of Agriculture, who, as did also his principal assistant. Dr. James McCall, expressed great interest in my mission, and gave me very much valuable information as to the conditions prevailing in Great Britain with reference to diseases of live stock. I also visited Dr. T. A. Geddes, the special inspector representing the United States Bureau of Animal Industry, whose office is at the American Consulate in London. Dr. Geddes, having then been in Britain for some months, was able to give me many valuable hints as to the work before me. After making the necessaiy arrangements with the office of the High Commissioner, I proceeded to Glasgow, where Mr. Murray, the Canadian government agent, kindly gave me the use of part of his office, and then, as throughout the whole season, did everything in his power to assist me in the performance of my duties. During April and May very few cattle were shipped to Canada, and I took advan- tage of the time thus placed at my disposal to inspect the lairages at Yorkhill, where the Canadian and American cattle are landed, as also to visit the corporation slaughter houses, with the object of acquiring some information as to the system of meat in- spection carried on there. In June, however, the export of cattle to Canada began in earnest, and has con- tinued, practically without intermission, up to the present date. The last shipment will leave this port for Quebec to-morrow, November 1. During this period, my time was fully occupied in making the necessary tuberculin tests, the work being rendered most laborious by the fact that, while cattle are generally purchased in small lots, sellers, as a rule, absolutely refuse to have their animals tested anywhere save in their own stables. As an instance of the way in which this condition works out, I may mention that on one occasion I found it necessary to occupy over three weeks, including Sun- days, and to travel upwards of 2,500 miles, in testing thirty-four animals, twenty- six only of which were finally shipped. When several buyers are at work at the same time, all anxious to ship at the earliest possible date, the pressure on the officer becomes very severe. Especially is this the case when a large proportion of the animals tested fail to pass, as this neces- sitates further testing in order to fill the gaps thus created. On several occasions, I found it absolutely impossible to get the work done, so as to avoid greatly incon- veniencing buyers, without availing myself of yovir permission to employ assistance. When, however, it was at all possible to test the cattle personally, I spared no effort to do so. Much valuable time was spent in travelling, as small lots of cattle for the 166 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 1-2 EDWARD Vil., A. 1902 same buyer were frequently situated long distances apart. Personally, I t-ested be- tween April 24 and October 27, fifty- three lots of cattle, comprising 397 head. Mr. Wm. Marshall, M.R.C.V.S., of Aberdeen, tested for me twelve lots, comprising seventy- six head, and Mr. Wm. Bower, F.E.C.V.S., of East Rudham, Norfolk, tested one small lot of two cattle. Of these, all but five lots, aggregating sixty head, were tested between July 3 and October 27. July, August and October are by far the busiest months, and it is practically impossible for one man to do the work during this period without subjecting shippers to very serious inconvenience, while not enough cattle are exported during the rest of the year to furnish him anything like reasonable employ- ment. Twelve of the animals tested by me were destined for direct shipment to United States ports, while Dr. Geddes also tested a few for shipment to Canada. On two lots sent to the United States via Quebec, we divided the work fairly evenly. I regret to say that I found a good deal of prejudice against the tuberculin test among the breeders and owners of cattle in Great Britain. In some cases, this was due solely to lack of knowledge in regard to the matter, while in others it was but the natural consequence of the careless and slipshod methods followed in its applica- tion by some of the British veterinarians. The existence of this prejudice necessitated a a good deal of discussion and explanation, which, I am glad to say, appeared to have an eyeellent effect on many of th^se interested. The leaders of the veterinary profession in Britain are, to a man, in favour of the test as the best means of detecting tuber- culosis, with a view to the adoption of intelligent means for its gradual eradication, and as a result of their efforts and of the action of the various foreign and colonial governments in insisting on its use, a more healthy public opinion is rapidly being created, which will soon lead to a marked improvement in the health of the herds. That some such improvement is required, will be evidenced by the results of the work done during the past season on behalf of your department. Of the 475 cattle tested, as above stated, 357 passed satisfactorily, while 118 reacted, and were rejected as tuberculous. Of 358 cattle one year old and over, 112 reacted, while of 117 under one year, six only were found affected. Dealing with Shorthorns alone, the figures are as follows : — Of 299 animals one year old and over, 195 passed the test, and 104 were rejected, while of 106 head ujider one year, 100 were found free from disease, and six only failed to pass. These figures show very conclusively that by the adoption of intelligent methods, the eradication of bovine tuberculosis can be achieved with much less difficulty and at a smaller pecvmiary sacrifice than is generally supposed. I regret that, owing to the pressure of work, I was unable to comply with your request that I should attend the International Congress on Tuberculosis, which was held in London in July. I had, however, the privilege of several interviews with Principal McFadyean, of the Royal Veterinary College, who is admittedly the highest authority on bovine tuberculosis in the English- sx)eaking world, and who very kindly allowed me to benefit by his extensive experience. To Principal Dewar, of the Royal (Dicks) Veterinary College, Edinburgh and to Principal McCall, of the Glasgow Veterinary College I am also indebted for much valuable information, which was of great assistance to me in the perfonnance of my duties. The last shipment of cattle to Quebec for this season will leave Glasgow November 1, and in pursuance of the arrangement previously made with you, I will at once take passage for Canada. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, The Honourable J. G. RUTHERFORD, V.S. The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. IMPORTATION OF DOGS INTO GREAT BRITAIN 167 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 No. 37. BOAKD OF AGKICULTURE. MEMORANDUM AS TO THE IMPORTATION OF DOGS INTO GREAT BRITAIN FROM ABROAD. 1. The disease of rabies in dogs and of hydrophobia in man, which remains preva- lent in almost all other parts of the world, has become practically extinct in this coun- try, and the regulations of the Board are designed to prevent its re-introduction. 2. The importation of dogs into Great Britain from any foreign country, or Bri- tish possession other than the Channel Islands, without the sanction of the Board is prohibited by orders made under the Diseases of Animals Act* ; and the landing of a dog from abroad (whether originally exported from Great Britain or not) will, unless a license has previously been obtained, render the owner liable to a penality of £20 and the possible seizure of the dog. 3. Every person who wishes to import a dog must make application in writing for the necessary license, on a form which will be supplied for the purpose, and the form should be accompanied by a letter addressed to the Secretarj^, Board of Agri- culture, 4 Whitehall Place, London, S.W., explaining the circumstances under which the application is made, and stating how long the dog has been in the possession and personal charge of the applicant. It is to be understood, however, that an application is not necessarily followed by the issue of a license to land the dog, and that the Board cannot sanction the landing of dogs which usually live abroad, but which their owners while on a visit to this country wish to bring with them. 4. Every application must be made by the person who will be the owner of the dog during the period of detention in this country, and it should be forwarded in sufficient time to enable the Board to make full inquiries into the circumstances and as to the suitability of the premises in which it is proposed that the dog should be isolated, and to permit of their decision being communicated to the applicant before the dog is embarked. Masters of vessels cannot properly accept a dog for shipment to Great Britain from abroad unless the license is produced at the port of embarkation, and they are liable to prosecution if the dog is landed illegally. 6. In order that the Board may have it on record, that the conditions on which alone a license can be issued are fully understood, the applicant must sign the undertaking set out in one or other of the forms. 6. Unless the dog to be imported has, at the date of the application, been in the personal charge of the applicant during the preceding three months, the Board can only authorize its landing under a license, Form A, requiring the detention and isola- tion of the dog for six months. Such licenses are only issued where arrangements have previously been made for the detention of the dog for that period at an isolation station approved by the Board, at the expense of the owner, and at his risk. At the present time the only isolation station so approved is the Dog Sanatorium, Beddington Lane, Mitcham, Surrey, to the manager of which establishment communications re- specting terms, &c., should be addressed. 7. Dogs landed with licenses. Form A, should be forwarded in crates or hampers, and with the utmost possible expedition, to the isolation station. * NoTB.^The Dogs (Landing from Ireland) Order of 1899 imposes similar restrictions on the landing in Great Britain of dogs from Ireland. 168 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 1-2 EDWARD Vri., A. 1902 8. If, however, the applicant is able to declare that the dog has been his personal charge for three months, he may apply for a license, Form B, which requires the de- tention of the dog for a period of six months on some suitable private premises to be specified by the applicant, and approved by the Board, where the dog will be under the supervision of the officers of the Board and of the local authority, for whose inspection it should be produced when required. If, however, the general conditions imposed are properly carried out, the Board are prepared, on the production of a certificate of a duly qualified veterinary surgeon that the dog is not affected with, or suspected of, rabies, to consider applications for the release of the dog after a period of ninety days. 9. The applicant's private place of residence is regarded in most instances as a suitable place of detention for a dog detained under a license. Form B, provided that he is the householder, and that no other dogs are kept upon the premises. Hotels, flats, lodgings, barracks or other similar premises where the dog cannot be conveniently isolated, or where the owner of the dog cannot guarantee that the animal can be de- tained for the full period required by the Board, are not regarded as suitable places of detention. For a similar reason, private residences are seldom suitable where more than one dog is to be imported. If the applicant has no fixed residence where the dog can be kept under his own charge, arrangements should be made for the detention of the dog for the necessary period at an isolation station, or on the premises of an ex- perienced veterinary surgeon. 10. On arrival at a port in Great Britain, and before the dog can be landed, the holder of the license is required to produce it for the inspection of the officer of Her Majesty's Customs. 11. The license requires the dog when landed, to be taken by the nearest available route, and without unnecessary delay, to the premises specified therein and the arrival of the dog there must at once be notified in writing to the Board. 12. Where, however, dogs admitted under a license. Form B, are landed late in the day, arrd the place of detention is distant from the port, the Board do not object to the journey of the dog being broken by its detention at some suitable place for one night, provided that it is kept apar-t from all other dogs, and that the journey is there- after completed with reasonable dispatch. 13. The license should be retained by the person in charge of the dog who is responsible for compliance with the conditions prescribed in the license. The license must be returned to the Board at the end of the period of detention, or at once if it is not made use of. 14. The dog cairnot in any case be moved from the place of detention to other premises in the United Kingdom without a further license from the Board. Where the Board are satisfied that exceptional circumstances have arisen which render the removal of a dog detained under a license. Form B, necessary or expedient, they are prepared to consider an application for a removal license, provided it is not proposed to remove the dog from a rural to an urban district, or from the original premises to a less suitable place of detention. Unless the dog is to be taken from the private residence of the owner to another house in his occupatiorr, the premises of an ex- perienced veterinary surgeon should be specified as the place of detention, and the removal cannot be authorized unless the dog can be detained at the second address for the remainder of the period of detention. 15. Where satisfactory arrangements of the character above indicated cannot be made by the owner, the dog must be detained at the premises first specified, or re- moved to such place as the Board may direct. , 16. During the period of detention under a license, Form B, the dog, when tem- porarily moved for exercise as provided in the license, must be properly muzzled with a wire cage muzzle, and in charge of a competent person, and the former condition is also applicable when the dog is likely at any time to be brought into contact with other dogs. IMPORTATION OF DOGS INTO ORE AT BRITAIN 169 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 17. Should a clog die, or be lost, whilst under detention, the fact should be at once reported to the Board, together with full information as. to the symptoms pre- ceding death, or the circumstances in which the loss took place. In the event of the dog sickening with any of the symptoms of rabies, it should be at once isolated, and the advice of a veterinary surgeon obtained. 18. A dog detained under a license of the Board cannot be moved to a vessel for exportation without a further license of the Board. 19. Licenses are issued by the Board to land performing dogs, if it can be shown that the dogs have been trained to take part in performances for the entertainment of the public, and that they are to be imported for that purpose only, and that they are under an actual engagement to perform immediately on arrival. These licenses le- quire that during a period of 90 days dogs so admitted shall be isolated from contact with all other dogs, that they shall not be taken into any public place unless properly muzzled in the manner set out in the license, and that during that period the Board shall at all times be kept informed of the premises upon which the dogs are detained. Satisfactory evidence must also be afForded that the animals are habi- tually kept apart from all other dogs, whether in this country or abroad. 20. For the convenience of persons passing through Great Britain the Board are prepared, in special cases, to issue licenses for the landing of dogs to be exported within a very few days. Applications for such licenses should specify the ports, the names of the vessels, the dates of their arrival and departure, and the address of some suitable place where the dog can be detained during the period that it remains in Great Britain. The license in this case should be endorsed by an officer of the vessel of departure, and returned to the Board by the owner. The dog cannot again be landed in Great Britain without a further license, 21. The experience of the Board has clearly shown that the frequent movement of pet dogs to and from the Continent involves this country in serious danger, inas- much as a pet dog may become infected with rabies without the knowledge and despite the utmost care on the part of its owner. It is therefore a matter of great importance to owners of dogs in Great Britain that dogs from abroad should only be admitted in instances where it has been satisfactorily established that some useful purpose will be served by their admission, or where a pet dog would otherwise be separated from its owner for a prolonged period. Pet dogs should not be taken abroad and thus exposed to the risk of infection, except in cases of real necessity, 22. The Board earnestly invite the cordial co-operation of dog owners in carrying out regulations which have been designed with a view to minimize the risk of re- introducing a very terrible disease. T, H. ELLIOTT, Secretary. Board of Agriculture, 4, Whitehall Place, London, S.W., August 8, 1900. Copies of this Memorandum may he obtained on application to the Secretary of th^ Board of Agriculture at the above address. 1-2 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 A. 1902 INDEX TO APPENDICES QUARANTINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH. Page. No. 1. Report of the Director General of Public Health F. Montizambert, M.D., Edin., F.R.C.S., D.C.L., &c., &c. Bubonic Plague 3 Prophylactic and Curative Serums 9 Viability of the Plague Bacillus 11 Small-pox 12 The Germ of Small-pox 16 Asiatic Cholera 17 Yellow Fever 17 Beri-beri 20 Inoculation Against Enteric Fever 20 Tuberculosis 21 British Congress on Tuberculosis 24 Hydrocyanic Acid in Public Health Work 31 Disinfection at the Port of Departure 32 National Hygienic Laboratories 32 Congresses and Meetings 33 The Quarantine Stations 33 Grosse Isle, Que 33 William Head, B.C 33 Victoria, B.C 34 Vancouver, B.C 34 Halifax, N.S 34 St. John, N.B 34 Sydney, C.B 34 Charlottetown, P.E.I 34 Chatham, N.B 34 Extra Ports and Places 34 The Territories 34 Public Works Health Act 35 Leper Lazaretto, Tracadie, N.B 35 2. Report on St. Lawrence Quarantine G. E. Martioeau, M.D S6 Small-pox 36 Bubonic Plague 37 Improvements and Requirements 37 3. Report on Halifax, N.S., Quarantine Station N. E. Mackay, M.D 3S 4. " North Sydney, N.S., Quarantine Station H. Rindress, M.D 41 171 172 DEPA R TMENT OF A GRICUL T URE 1-2 EDWARD Vll., A. 1902 Page. 5. Report on St. John, N.B., Quarantine Station J. E. March, M.D 42 6. '' Chatham, N B., Quarantine Station J. Macdonald, M.D 43 7. " Charlcttetown, P.E.I., Quarantine Stn P. Conroy, M.D 44 8. •' William Head, B.C., Quarantine Station.... A. T. Watt, M.D 45 9. " Bacteriological work at William Head, B.C.. W. H. K. Anderson, B.A., M.B.. 50 10. Report of Victoria, B.C., Quarantine Officer R. L. Fraser, M.D 51 11. " Vancouver, B.C., Quarantine Officer L. N. MacKechnie, M.D 51 12. " Physician to the Leper Lazaretto, Tracadie, X. B A. C. Smith, M.D 53 13. " The Public Works Health Inspector C. A. L. Fisher 53 CATTLE QUARANTINE. 14. Report of the Chief Veterinary Inspector Prof. D. McEachran,. F.R.C.V.S., V.S. Edin., D.V.S., &e., &c 63 Exportation of Live Stock from Maritime Ports 64 Stockers 66 Importations of Live Stock 66 Horse Raising in Canada 67 Glanders 69 Bulletin on Glanders 70 Malarial or Swamp Fever in Horses 73 Mange in Cattle 74 Actinomycosis 76 Hog Cholera 76 Pictou Cattle Disease 77 Inspection of Stock Yards and Cars 77 Sheep Scab 77 Anthrax and Symptomatic Anthrax 78 Bulletin on Anthrax, &c 79 Tuberculosis 82 British Congress on Tuberculosis 83 Prof. Robt. Koch's Paper 85 Prof. McFadyean's Paper 88 Prof. McEachran's Paper — Legislation Suggested, &c... 91 Circular re Tuberculin Testing 102 The Cattle Quarantine System of Canada 104 Point Levis Cattle Quarantine 107 Enzootic Fistulous Withers and Poll Evil in Horses 109 15. Report by Professor J. George Adami, M.A., M.D., F.R.S.E., &c., &c 110 Experimental Work at Outremont 110 Relationship Between Human and Bovine Tuberculosis 113 British Congress on Tuberculosis 113 Prof. Koch's Address at British Congress on Tuberculosis 116 Transmissibility of Tuberculosis from Man to Cattle 119 Transmissibility of Bovine Tuberculosis to Man 121 Transmission of Tuberculosis from Cattle to Man 122 On the Frequency of Such Transmission 122 Summary 127 Pictou Cattle Disease 129 INDEX TO APPENDICES I73. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 Page. No. 16. Report by Charles H. Hlggins, B.S., D.V.S j3g Experimental Work at Outremont 13g. Sterility of Tuberculin ■^■^^ Celloidin Capsules < 317 Immunity to Tuberculin by Repeated Tests 13g Cohabitation -y^^ Culture Media j^4j^ Typhoid bacilli j^41 Anthrax in Sheep in North-west Territories 142- Microscopic Examinations I43. Tuberculin Testing I43 17. Report by Professor M. C. Baker, D.V.S I44 18. " Charles McEachran, D.V.S I45 19. " B. A. Sugden, D.V.S I45 20. " A. E. Moore, D.V.S 14^ 21. Report on Point Levis Cattle Quarantine Station J. A. Couture, D.V.S 148 22. " St. John Cattle Quarantine Station J. H. Frink, D.V.S 149 23. " Halifax Cattle Quarantine Station Wm. Jakeman, D.V.S 150 24. " Health of Live Stock in Ontario Prof. Andrew Smith. F.R.C.V.S.. 151 25. " Point Edward Cattle Quarantine Station Arthur Brown, D.V.S 152 26. Report of Veterinary Inspector at Niagara Falls, 0..S. E. Boulter, V.S 153 27. " Veterinary Inspector at Bedeque, P.E.I W. H. Pethlck, V.S 154 28. " Veterinary Inspector at Winnipeg, Man Chas. Little, V.S 155 29. Report of the Commissioner of the North- west Mounted Police A. Bowen Perry 156 Horses '. 15ff Cattle 157 Sheep 158 Horses 158 General Remarks 159 30. Report of Veterinary Inspector at Nelson, B.C J. A. Armstrong, V.S 160 31. " Veterinary Inspector at Grand Fo r k s, B.C S. C. Richards, V.S 161 32. " Veterinary Inspector at Vancover, B.C J. 3. Hart, V.S 161 33. " Veterinary Inspector at Victoria, B.C S. F. Tolmie, V.S 162 34. Report on Pictou Cattle Disease in Nova Scotia Geo. Townsend, V.S 163 35. " Live Stock Cars and Yards Michel Auger 164 36. " Testing Cattle in Great Britain for ex- portation to Canada J. G. Rutherford, V.S 16& 37. Importation of Dogs into Great Britain 167 Scenes on Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa. 1. Elm leaved Spiraea. . ^ '^- Peach leaved Campanula. 3 Office building and Laboratory with surrounding plantation. 4. Fart of Lilac group in Arboretum. 1-2 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPEP^ No. 16 A. 1902 AI'PENDIX TO THF. REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF AGRICULTURE EXPERIMENTAL FARMS EEPORTS OF THE DIRKCTOR - AGRICULTURIST HORTICULTURIST CHEMIST - - - - ENTOMOLOGIST axd BOTANIST - POULTRY MANAGER SUPT. EXPERIMENTAL FARM, N.^pi-an, N.S. - HORTICULTURIST SUPT. EXPERIMENTAL FARM, Brandox, :Man. Indian Head, N.W.T. II II II Agassiz, B.C. - Wm. SAUNDERS, LL.D. J. H. GRISDALE, B. Agr. W. T. MACOUN F. T. SHUTT, M.A. JAS. FLETCHER, LL.D. A. G. GILBERT R. ROBERTSON W. S. BLAIR S. A. BEDFORD ANGUS MACKAY THOS. A. SHARPE 10O1 rniNTED BY ORDER OF PARLIAMENT OTTAWA PRINTED BY S. E. DAWSON, PRINTER TO THE KING'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY 1902 [No. 16—1902] 1-2 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 A. 1902 APPEKBIX REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF AGRICULTURE ON EXPERIMENTAL FARMS Ottawa, December 1, 1901. Sm, — I beg to submit for your approval the fifteenth annual report of the work done, and in progress, at the several experimental farms. In addition to my report, you will find appended, reports from the following officers of the Central Experimental Farm: From the Agriculturist, Mr. J. H. Gris- dale; from the Horticulturist, Mr. W. T. Macoun; from the Chemist, Mr. Frank T. Shutt, and from the Entomologist and Botanist, Dr. James Fletcher. A report is also submitted from the Poultry Manager, Mr. A. G. Gilbert. From the Branch Experimental Farms there are reports from Mr. R. Robertson, Superintendent, and from Mr. W. S. Blair, Horticulturist of the Experimental Farm for the Maritime Provinces,' at Nappan, Nova Scotia; from Mr. S. A. Bedford, Super- intendent of the Experimental Farm for Manitoba, at Brandon; from Mr. Angus Mackay, Superintendent of the Experimental Farm for the North-west Territories, at Indian Head, and from Mr. Thos. A. Sharpe, Superintendent of the Experimental Farm for British Columbia, at Agassiz. In these reports there will be found the results of many important and carefully conducted experiments in agriculture, horticulture and arboriculture, the outcome of practical work in the fields, barns, dairy and poultry buildings, orchards and planta- tions at the several experimental farms; also of scientific investigations in the chemi- cal laboratory and the information gained from the careful study of the life histories and habits of injurious insects and the methods by which noxious weeds are propagated and spread, together with the most practical and economical measures for their destruc- tion. In the report of the Entomologist and Botanist will also be found particulars of the experiments and observations which have been made during the past year in connection with the .apiary. 16—14 3 ^^ EXPERIMEXTIL FABMS 1-2 EDWARD VI!., A. 1902 The large and constantly increasing demand by the farmers of the Dominion for the publications issued from the experimental farms is a gratifying evidence of the desire for iaformation among this class of the comniunit5% also of the high esteem in which these records of the work of the farms are held. It is hoped that the facts brought together in the present issue will be found of much practical value 'to the Canadian farmer and fruit-grower and that they may assist in advancing agriculture and horticulture in this country. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, :WM. SAUXDERS, Director Experimental Farms To the Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. 2 EDWARD Vil. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 1G A. 1902 ANNUAL REPORT ON THE EXPERIMKNTAL FARMS EEPOET OF THE DIRECTOE, WM. SAUNDERS, LL.D., F.E.S.C, F.L.S. The 3'ear 1001 has, on the whole, heen an encouraging one for Canadian farmers. While some crops in Ontario, Quebec and the maritime provinces have fallen below the average yield, others have been unusually good, and the excellent prices received for nearly all farm products during the year have helped to make up for any shortage in particular crops. In Ontario, fall wheat, oats and pease have given yields unusually light, while hay, which occupies a nearly equal area, has given a remarkably heavy return, and the product has been of good quality. Hay has also given exceptionally large crops in Quebec and the maritime provinces, in which sections, however, oats have fallen below the average. Spring wheat and barley are said to have produced nearly average returns in the eastern provinces, while Indian corn and field roots have gone above the average. In the western provinces of Manitoba and British Columbia, agricultural ci'ops of all sorts have been very good, while in many parts of the ISTorth-west Territories the yields have been extraordinary and probably unprecedented. The experimental farms have had results corresponding much with those of the Vest farmers in their neighbourhood, and on the whole, as will be seen by consulting the following pages, the returns have been very encouraging. The Fifteenth Annual Keport of the work of these institutions is herewith presented. The reports previously issued, one of which has appeared annually for the last fourteen years, — covering prac- tical experimental work to determine many points along all the different lines em- braced iu Canadian agriculture, horticulture, forestry and ornamental planting — have had a wide influence in moulding the thought and practice of a large number of the more intelligent people engaged in these various branches of work, and through them, have wielded an influence on others. Object lessons, framed after the best methods, and covering a very large field, have been provided every year at each of the experi- mental farms, and visiting farmers who have come to learn, as many of them annually do, have carried home with them useful ideas, which, put in practice on their own farms, have added to the profits of their business. Those who are so situated that they cannot visit the farms, can receive free, by asking for them, the annual reports and the bulletins prepared by the officers of the farms, replete with information covering, as fully as is practicable, many of the differ- ent lines of work undertaken, and the results can be studied at leisure. Thus, the in- formation acquired is spread over the whole Dominion. Nearly fifty thousand farmers now receive the publications of the experimental farms, and their number is steadily increasing. g EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VI 1., A. 1902 The experimental farms were among the first agencies provided for the special pui-pose of aiding Canadian farmers in the solution of the manj^ difficulties which surround their calling in the various climates of the Dominion, and the progress which has been made in all branches of this national industry owes, no doubt, much to the nioi'e general adoption of the sound principles governing good farming, which have been persistently advocated on every occasion by the officers of these institutions. The many problems associated with the thorough preparation of the soil, and the best me- thods to adopt to maintain its fertility, have been carefully investigated and reported on. The great importance of selecting the most productive sorts of seed has been repeatedly urged and tangible proofs offered of the success attending such practice. To encourage and assist farmers in their endeavours along this line, varieties of wheat, oats, barley, and pease of established value have been grown in considerable quantities on the exijerimental farms for the past 12 or 13 years, and distributed in sample bags, free, by mail, to all farmers who apply for them. The demand for these samples has been so great that it has been found necessary to limit the number sent, to one only to each applicant. For the past six years more than thirty thousand farmers have par- ticipated annually in these co-operative experiments, which have involved t^^'e free dis- tribution, through the mail, of over sixty tons of seed each season. The libei'al pro- vision thus made for Canadian farmers by the Dominion government has been of very great benefit, and there are now, as a result of this work, many of these high class productive sorts of grain under cultivation in almost every settled locality throughout the Dominion. In addition to the actual gain resulting from the general introduction of more profitable sorts of grain, this work has had a wide educational influence. Farmers have learned to observe the characteristic variations in varieties and their powers of observation and comparison, thus awakened, have been brought to bear on other problems in their calling, to their individual advantage and profit. The culti- vation of these good sorts by the more enterprising farmers has interested their neigh- bours, v.'ho have benefited in turn, and hence the good influences attending this useful work are extending through all sections of the farming community. Some other branches of special work which have been under my personal charge have also made considerable progress. The experiments conducted in the cross-breed- ing of commercial apples and hardy Siberian crabs, with the object of producing very hardy apple trees, such as are likely to be adapted to the climates of our north-west country (where ordinary sorts do not grow), have been successfully continued. Sev- eral new varieties have fruited during the past year, which promise to be of value. Some very interesting new crosses in wheat have also been produced. A large number of samples of grain has been tested for vitality, received from farmers* in different parts of the country. Some particulars relating to these tests, and the number of tliem, will be found at a subsequent page in the report from ilr. W. T. Ellis, who has charge of this branch of the work. Many desirable additions have been made to the collection of ornamental trees and shrubs on the grounds surrounding the buildings on the Central Experimental Farm, which have thus been made additionally attractive and instructive to visitors. The accompanying report will be found to contain a large amount of practical information, such as is likely to be helpful to all those v.lio are eiigagrid in Canada's great national industry, agriculture. 1-2 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 A. 1902 EXPERIMENTAL WORK CONDUCTED AT THE CENTRAL EXPERIMENTAL FARM, OTTAWA, ONTARIO. EXPERIMENTS WITH OATS. One liundred and seven varieties of oats have been under trial in the test plots at the Central Experimental Farm during 1901. The object of these experiments has been to gain information as to the relative productiveness, earliness and other char- acteristics of the different sorts. The soil on vphich these oats were sown was a heavy sandy loam of good quality, more or less mixed with clay. The previous crop was field roots. The land received a dressing in the winter of 1899-1900 of about twelve tons of fresh barn-yard manure per acre, which was placed on the fi'ozen ground in small heaps of about one-third of a cart load each, and spread and ploughed iinder in the spring. No maiuire has been applied since. In the autumn of 1900, after the roots were gathered, the land was ploughed about seven inches deep and left in that condition until the following spring when it was cultivated twice with a two-horse cul- tivator and harrowed twice with the smoothing harrow before the oats were sown. The seed of most of the varieties was sown on April 17, the remainder from April 2G to 29 all on plots of one-fortieth of an acre each, seed being used in each case at the rate of two bushels per acre. Among the new sorts brought under trial are Irish Victor, Beseler and Atlantic, all white branching oats. Pioneer, a black branching oat, and Goldfinder, a largo yellow half-sided oat, both new introductions of the Garton Bros., of Newton-le-Wil- lows, England. To Prof. C. Doxrud, of the Technical School, Christiania, Norway, I am indebted for two varieties of oats from that country. Black No. 6 and Summer No. 5, and from the United States Department of Agriculture I have also received two new sorts, Tobolsk 2800, and Zhelanni 2963. Included in the list there are also thirteen cross-bred sorts, all of which have been originated on the experimental farms: — Brandon, Cromwell, Holland, Ivendal, King, Master, Medal, Milford, Miller, Olive, Oxford, Pense and Russell. There are also two new cross-bred sorts in the list this year. These are further results of the work in cross-breeding done by Dr. A. P. Saunders, at Brandon, in 1892. The following are their names and parentage : — Dixon. — Black Tartarian female, with Early Gothland male. Forbes. — Giant Cluster female, with Prize Cluster male. It will be seen from the following results tiiat oats have fallen below the average in yield this year. EXPERIJJEyTAL FARMS OATS — TEST OF VARIETIES. 1-2 EDWARD VI!., A. 1902 Name of Variety. Date of Ripen- J. Length .Character of of Straw. Straw. Length of Head. Kind of Head. Liberty ^... 'Aug. 8 102 Virginia W iiite Abundance : July Cron~iwell j h Uberflass « Joanette " Columbus ; II Milford, Black . Doncaster Prize Kendal, White Auf^ Early Maine July American Triumph. Lincoln Improved American Ohve, Black Mennonite Eureka Black Beauty ; m Rennie's Prize Wliite Aug. Milford, White 'July Oxford ; •„ Abundance ' u Olive, White Pense, Black ' .i California Prolific B. m Prolific Blk. Tartar "n .. Leutewitzer i .. Banner m Anderbeclcer [ Aug. King July Holstein Prolific ■ ■ • I " American Beauty.. . . ! \< Irish Victor ■ n Aitken, Black n Selchower Pense, White Sensation Cream Egyptian... Thousand Dollar. . . Russell Poland Rosedale Salzer's Big Four.. . Hazlett's Seizure . . . Master White Schonen j it Bi«tehorn'sAbun'nce Aug. ""■ ■ July ;si; I'uckbec'.s Illinois. Golden Beauty . ... Blk. Tartarian Inip.l « Tobolsk No. 2800. . . . ' „ Oderbruch ' n Dani-sh I.sland ..... |July Wliite Giant | .. Newmarket Improved Ligowo. Early Dawson .... Early Gothland . . , Victoria Prize. . . New Zealand Aug. Di.xon I ., Wide Awake Ljuly Holland j „" 94 100 103 103 101 96 94 100 100 100 100 100 96 98 96 95 96 96 100 100 96 9G 103 103 94 100 98 100 100 98 100 103 94 96 lOOl 100 98 100 94 103 98 100 103 100 102 100 100 103 104 103 101 101 100 98 91 101 90 113 102 100 103 Inches. I I 51—53 Stiff 50—52 49—51 50—52 35—37 39-41 49—51 51—53 49-51 40—42 39—41 38—40 4()_42 51—53 37—39 54—56 41—43 55—57 50—52 45—47 41—43 53 — 55 52-54 40—42 40-42 50-52 41—43 55—57 39-11 41—43 39—41 39-41 44—46 58-00 57—59 44—46 39-40 42-44 41—43 58-00 43-45 39-41 41—43 46-48 41-43 40-42 44—40 42-44 40—42 42—44 44—40 40-42 43—45 41—43 39-41 50—52 43—45 40-48 44—40 41—43 .S8-40 38-40 Inches. SJ- 9h Branching'04 Yield per Acre . - 10- Weak .... 9 - Stiff 8.1- ,. iir- Medium. . 9 Stiff I 7 Medium. .' 9 Stiff 'lO Weak . . . . ' 9 Stiff ,10 . 60 Half sided 58 Branching]57 .57 . 57 Half sided 57 Branching 57 Half sided|53 Branching 54 54 54 Half sided 54 Branching Weak . . . . Stiff. Medium . Stiff Weak . Stiff... Weak . . . Medium . Stiff. Medium. Stiff Stiff . Medium , Weak . . . Stiff Weak . . . Stiff 9.^- 8"- 9 - 7A- 8"- 9 - 91- 9'- 9.',- !)'- 8 - 8 - 10 - 9 - 8 - 8 - 8i- 9'- 9 - 8 - 10 - 8 - 9.1- 8"- 7 - 8 - 8 - 8h- ■I •' - I '• - 2: i i^h- .1 8"- {10 - . I 9 - . lOi- I 'J"- .19- . ! 8 - i 9 - -10 -11 -10 - 9 - 9 -11 -10 -n -12 - 9 -9i - 9 -10 - 8 -10 -11 -10 -11 -10 -10 - 9 -lO.i - 8J=iSided. -9"| „ -lOi Branching -lOi -10 -lO.l -10' - 91 - 9' -11 -11 Sided -lOi Half sided - 9 J15ranching - 9i! Half sided - 9-4| Brandling -lO'l u -10h\ - 9 Half sided -11 Branching Branching Half sided -10 - 9 - 8i Half sided 51 51 50 50 50 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 40 Half sidedl4G Branchiiu -10 1 -lOi -lOA -10 - 9.^ - 91 -n" -10 JHalfSided -11 A Blanching -lO.^! Sided. . . . -Vi\ „ ..... 9^ Branching Sided..... Branching Half sided|44 Branching; 44 44 44 44 44 44 43 42 42 41 241 33 - 37i 8 30i -2' 31" 2 3Gi 2' 35 2 33 2 31 so' 33 101 33^ 24I 33 24: 35 24 33 24 33 24 IS 18 32 12 26 G Rusted. Considerably. Slightly. . Considerably. Slightly. Badly Considerably. Slightly. Considerably. 47 22 47 22 47 22 47 22 47 2 47 2 40 16 31 30 32i 34" 34 37* 33| 33; 32^ 32 34 30 33 31A SOi 36" 37 81 35 8 34i 8 33" 22! 34 22' 37i. 37' 35 34.1 3t)" 37i 32l 34' 16| 35.^ I61 34I Badly. Considerablj'. Slightly. Badly. Considerably. Slightly. Considerably. ! Badly. iSlightly. Considerably. ISliglitly. Cousider;ibly. Slightly. 34.^ 38J, .33.i 35" 35i 31 i 31" 37 37 :m m 36' -lui Sided I4I 26 Mi 26 33 Badly. Considerably. Slightly. Badly. Considerably. Slightly. Considerable Slightly. (1 Considerably. Considerabl?. Slightly. Badly. C 109 1 105 31 104 1 105 7 111 , 8 104 ( 111 Inches. 44-40 Stiff 44— 4G M .. . 4G-48 , 44— 4G „ 52 — 54 M 48— 50'Mediuin. 43-45|Stiff 49-5l| M . .. 42— 44 Medium. 40— 42| ,. 48-50 Stiff 4G-48i M .... 44— 40 ISIedium. 4b— 48 Stiff Kind of Head. Yield per Acre. July Aug. July Aug. July Aug. 100 104 104 98 113 111 104 105 99 105 101 104 99] 104 111 105 101 105 103 104 105 104 lOG 104 100 110 110 103 105 111 91 99 98 100 105 July 311 104 105 105 105 98 111 111 99 112 101 112 111 112 71 103 12 105 50-.52 M 44-40 :. 40-48 , 41—46 45—47 ., 45—47 ., 48—50 40-42 M .... 51— 53|Medium. 40— 42 Stiff 40-48 „ 42—44 „ ,. .. 45-47| H 47— 49, Medium. 49-51|StifF 41— 43Medium. 44-40 Stiff 40-48 M 49-51 40-48 39—41 49-51 42—44 41—43 42—44 52—54 49-51 Medium. Stiff Medium. Stiff. . . 40-42 40—42 42—44 42—44 40—48 45-47 40-48 46—48 : 40-42 ; 43-45 M 43—45 45—47 1 39-41 47-49 36— 38 j Modi urn. 40—481 n 48-50 Stiff 42-441 M 42-44 „ 47i-48i 44—40 , 38—40 40-48' Inches. 2 -21 3 —3.^ 3^-4" 2"— 2?, 4 -4i H-H 3i-4 3^-4 3^—4 3"— 3i 4 — 4i 2i-3" 4 — 4i Bearded.. [33 Beardless. 33 Bearded. .|32 32 31 29 29 29 29 28 28 28 Beardless . Bearded. . Beardless. Bearded. . Beardless. Bearded. . 31- 3I- n- 3 - 3^ 4 - 4 - 3^- 3|- 13- 3i- CJD ^ Rusted. Beardless. Bearded. . 127 Beardless. | •27 27 20 26 20 26 26 20 25 Bearded. . Beardless. Bearded. . Beardless . Bearded. . -4 I Beardless. -4J1 „ . -i^ Bearded. . -4 I „ -3i Beardless. -3^i „ . -4 J Bearded. -4^! Beardless. 24 -4 I „ -4 -4 Beaided. -3^ Beardless. 3 3 3 3 3i 4h- 3i- 4 - 3^- H 4 ■ 2 • 3i 3it 4 3^ H H 2 3: -3\ -3i -3S -3A -\fh -4" Bearded. Beardless Bearded. -n -4 -43 -2i -4 -44 -4i -4| -5 —4 2i 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 Bearded. . 1 21 Beardless. '20 10 50 10 10 10 40 40 30 30 50 50 20 10 10 10 30 30 30 30 30 30 50 50 10 10 40 30 30 10 50 50 20 20 20 10 10 ^^ 04 ii No rust. 00" 61 64i 59" 61 59 oOh ()l 58 Gli 50i 02" COi Sliglitly. No rust. Con.siderably, Slightly. No lust. Slightly. Considerably. Slightly. Considerably. No rust. 58 G3 CO 59 59 59 GO 585I Considerably. 03 60 02 58 61 OOi 60^ GO 60 60 61 59 60 (JU 59' 50 57 Slightly. Considerably'. Badly. Slightly. No rust. Slightly. Considerably. No rust. Considerably. No rust. Considerablj'. Slightly. 10 50 10 10 40 30 30 -4i| Beardless -4' -4 Bearded. Beardless Bearded. . Beardless. 30 Considerably. No rust. Slightly. 60i 63i 61 57 58 62.1, Xo rust, 02" 59 OOi 58| 62i 58" 58 40 57 59 58 59i 59' 58 02^ GO" Slightly. No rust. Badly. Slightly. Badly. Considerably. Slightly. Considerably. REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 SPRING WHEAT— TEST OF VARIETIES— Co»C^i((^ei. 17 Name of Varietj'. Al|iha Robin's Rust Proof. Benton Advance M(jnafch No. 11, Australian.. Orleans Blair.... Countess Red Swedish From Kerr Gifford Portland, O 70 New-dale 77 Robson 78 Rediiatii 7!! Spence - ... 80 Proprress 81 No. 25, Australian.. 82 Uawson 83 Xo. 149, Minnesota. 84 Harold 85 No. 0, Australian.. . . 86 Stanley 87 Norvai 88' No. 28, Australian... 8!)l)ufferin 90, Florence 91 Kssex 92!Crawford.: 93'Fraser 94 Angus 95|Weldon 9(!'Polonian . . . 97JNo. 5043, Washing ton 98 Byron ! 9 Japanese lOOjCassel lOljVernon 102iNo. 21, Australian... 103'Summer No. 9, Nor- way 104;Mason 105;No. 18, Australian... 100 Strubes 107 108 109 Date of Ripen- ing. Aug. July Auj' July AUL'. Gehun Ebert No. 5799, Washing- ton 110 No. 7, Felbi-ig Aus- tralian 111 Ladoga 112 Bishop 113 Powell 114 No. 14, Australian. . 115 Leutewitzer Sand . . . 110 Black Sea 117 No. 2959, Washing- ton July Aug. July Aug. July Aug. July Aug. July Aug. July July Aug. A.ug. 9 105 112 105 104 110 104 101 lo.-. 100 111 103 98 99 101 08 101 in 105 10(1 94 100 104 101 99 105 99 112 101 95 105 105 102 105 104 97 112 105 99 93 105 104 100 93 95 105 101 100 105 90 101 98 95 103 Length of Straw. Inches. 4 49 41- 41- 40- 45- 48- 40- 40- 48- 30- 39- 49- 48- 45- 44- 48- 48- 43- 42- 42- 39- 42- 42- 41- 47- 45- 42- 39- 45- 42- 41- 37- 39- 3li- 43- 39- 40- 30- 39- 39- 42- 42- 38- —44 —51 -43 -43 -48 -47 -50 -42 -48 -50 -38 -41 -51 -50 -47 -40 -.50' -50 -45 -44 -44 -41 -44 -44 -43 -49 -47 -44 -41 -47 -44 -43 -39 -41 -38 -45 -41 -42 41—43 Character of Straw. Stiflf. Mediunr . Stiff Me. Hum. Stiff. -38 -41 Medium. -41 Stiff. -44 -44 -40 39-41 Medium . Stiff . Length of Head. Kind of Head. Inches. 4 —41 3:1-4" 3A— 4 3"— 31 4i-4| 3^-4 3 —31 3 — 3i 4 -4| U- 3"- 4 - 4 - 3 - 4 - -1^ 33- 3 — 9i- sl- 2,1- 3"- 31- 3"- 3^- 3.^- 3"- 3 - 3i- 54-0 3 -Si 3 — 3i 3i-4i 2^-3 2^-3 5i-6 35-41 3 — 3A 3J-4" 3 -3^ 3i-4 3|-4 3 -3i Bear Jless Bearded. . Beardless . Bearded . Beardle.ss Bearded . . Beardless . Bearded . Yield L| .per |-5:g Acre.ri^S 20 40 20 40 20 40 20 40 20 30 20 30 20 30 20 — 20 — 19 50 Beardless. Bearded . . Beardless . Bearded. . Beardless. .119 ,. .jlO Bearded.. 18 Beardless. '18 .18 Bearded . . 18 Beardless. Bearded . . Beardless. Bearded . . Beardless . Bearded . . Beard le.«is. Bearded . . Beardless . Bearded . Rusted. 01 No rust. Considerably. Slightly. No rust. Slightly. Considerablj'. Slightly. ^^ 02 61;J 59 blh 59" C3i ml 58 Slightly. 17 £0 17 50 17 20 17 10 17 10 17 10 17 10 10 40 10 30 Hi 30 10 30 15 20 15 10 13 10 50 59 50 57 58 50 59i 02" ou 58' 00 01 A 58' 00 01 58 01 02i 00' 01 50 61 59^ 01 58 59 59 52 02 001 001 59A 03' 50 58 57 60 57 59 581 55| 6U No rust. Badlv. Slightly. Considerably. Slightly. ' No rust. Considerably. Slightly. Considerably. No rust. Slightly. No ru-t. Slightly. No rust. Slightly. No ni.st. Consideiably. Slightly. No rust. Slightly. No rust. Considerably. Slightly. Considerably. Slightly. Considerably. No rust. Slightly. IG— 2 £8 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD Vn., A. 1902 In the foregoing? list there are a number of new varieties including four new sorts from Prof. W. U, Hays, Agriculturist of the Minnesota Experiment Station. These have been sent out under numbers. There are also some additional varieties from Australia under numbers. From the United States Department of Agriculture the following have been received :— Nos. 5642, 5644, 5639, 5645, 5646, 5643, 5799 and 2599. There are also included in this list fifty-four cross-bred sorts which have been originated at the experimental farms. The names of these are Admiral, Advance, Alpha, Angus, Beauty, Benton, Bishop, Blair, Blenheim, Boyle, Byron, Captor, Car- tier, Cassel, Chester, Clyde, Countess, Crawford, Crown, Dawn, Dawson, Dayton, Duf- ferin. Early Kiga, Ebert, Essex, Florence, Eraser, Grant, Harold, Hastings, Huron, Kingsford, Lakefield, Laurel, Mason, Morley, Xewdale, Nixon, Nerval, Orleans, Percy, Plumper, Powell, Preston, Progress, Prospect, Eedpath, Eobson, Spence, Stanley, Tracey, Weldon and Vernon. The origin and parentage of all these, excepting thirteen, will be found in the annual reports for 1896-7-8 and 1900. The thirteen now added are the following: — No. 46. Dayton, bearded. Prince, female; Hard Red Calcutta, male. No. 47. Grant, beardless. Alpha, female; Gehuu, male. No. 48. Kingsford, beardless. Red Fife, female ; Gehun, male. No. 49. Lakefield, beardless. Campbell's White Chaff, female; Ladoga, male. No. 50. Morley, beardless. Red Fife, female; No. 1 Club Bombay, male. No. 51. Newdale, beardless. Gehun, female; Campbell's White Chaff, male. No. 52. Nixon, beardless. Onega, female; Red Fife, male. No. 53. Orleans, beardless. Red Fife, female; Campbell's White Chaff, male. No. 54. Prospect, beardless. Rideau, female; Red Fife, male. No. 55. Robson, beardless. White Fife, female; Hard Red Calcutta, male. No. 56. Redpath, beardless. Red Fife, female; Campbell's Wliite Chaff, male. No. 57. Spence, bearded. Alpha, female; Hard Red Calcutta, male. No. 58. Tracey, beardless. Silver Chaff, female; Anglo-Canadian, male. Of these results in cross-fertilizing two are bearded varieties and eleven are beard- less. Four of these were originated at the Central Experimental Farm by the Direc- tor, Nos. 49 and 58 in 1890, and Nos. 48 and 51 in 1892. One by Dr. C. E. Saunders in 1896, No. 54; three by Mr. W. T. Macoun in 1892, Nos. 46, 52 and 57, and one by Mr. J. L. Mc]\[urray. in 1890, No. 50. Four were originated by Dr. A. P. Saunders in 1892, two of them, Nos. 53 and 55 at the Ex-perimental Farm at Brandon, Manitoba; one, No. 56, at the farm at Indian Head, N.W.T., and one. No. 47, at the farm at Agassiz, British Columbia. SELECT LIST OF VARIETIES OF SPRIXG WHEAT. In this list is given the average yield per acre obtained during the past three tc seven years from the most productive varieties of spring wheat grown at all the expe- rimental farms, with the length of time they have been under test. Only those are included which have been three years or longer under trial. The bearded and beard- less sorts are also marked. Further particulars regarding these select lists will be found under ' Select list of oats.' REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 19 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Names of varieties. Head Bearded or Beardless. Advance Alpha Percy Admiral Fraser Blenheim Weldon Red Swedish Progress Ebert Vernon Dion's Colorado Countess Plumper Herisson Bearded Mason Early Riga Beauty Dawn Rideavi Cami)beirs White Cliafl. Beaudry. Byron Dufferin Captor Norval Ladoga Harold Number of Years under trial. Average Yield per acre at all the Experimental Farms. Roiuaanian Bearded . . Laurel Beardless . . Preston Bearded . VVellman's Fife Beardless . Monarch Goose iBearded Huron ••• i Red Fife Beardless . . . White Fife Hungarian Bearded White Connell Beardless. . . White Russian « Rio Grande Bearded , . . . Clyde Beardless... Crawford ]f>jPringle's Champlain Bearded. 17 Red Fern 18i Crown l!)!.Stanley jBeardless. 20 Blair iBearded. . Beardless. Bearded . . . Beardless . . Bearded . . . Beardless . . Bearded . . . Beardless. . . Bearded . . It Beardless . Bearded . Beardless. , Bearded . . , Bush. Lbs, 39 44 35 38 33 58 33 8 33 8 32 50 32 45 32 30 32 29 32 10 32 G 32 0 32 G 32 () 32 3 31 56 31 31 81 21 31 19 31 7 30 58 SO 53 30 24 30 23 30 16 30 12 30 12 .30 12 30 5 30 5 29 59 29 53 29 50 29 48 29 40 29 40 29 38 29 36 29 35 29 30 29 22 29 16 29 3 28 56 28 39 28 7 27 24 27 11 20 39 GRAIN SOWX IX DIFFEREXT QUAXTITIES PER ACRE OX SAXDY AXD CLAY LOAAI. These experiments were all conducted on plots of one-fortieth acre each on both sandy loam and clay loam. It will be noticed that the crops are heaviest on the clay loam in every instance. 16— 2i 20 EXPERIilEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD Vil., A. 1902 Name of Varletj'. be m (3 Date Date of a is c3 Length of Ripen- of Sowing . ing. 6 Straw. 'A Inches. Character of Straw. Length of Head. Inches. Kind rf Head. Yield per Acre. Rusted. Bus. Lbs WHEAT SOWN IX DIFFERENT QUANTITIES PER ACRE ON SANDY LOAM SOIL. Preston 1 bush per acre Preston \\ bush. per acre ^ Preston 1:^ bush. per acre. Preston 2 bush . per acre Preston 2^ bush. per acre Preston 3 bush . per acre April 29, Aug 29 .. 39 29 29 29 7; 100 I 7 100 45-47 Stiff. 45—47 7 1 100 45-47 I 7i 100 45-47 100 100 42—44 42-44 Medii 31-4 3J-4 3i-4 3^—4 . 3 -3| 3 -3^ Bearded 10 20 [slightly. 15 — 19 40 20 20 21 — 19 40 AVHEAT SOWN IN DIFFERENT QUANTITIES PER ACRE ON CLAY LOAM SOIL. Preston 1 bush . per acre Preston 1^ bush. per acre. , . . . . Preston 1^ bush. per acre Preston 2 bush . per acre Preston 2^ bush. per acre Preston 3 bush. per acre 48—50 Stifif.... 48-50 48—50 48-50 48-50 48—50 Medium . . Weak 3^-4 28 20 3^-4 28 20 3i— 4 29 — 3^-4 26 20 3i-4 26 20 3 -3i 25 — Considerably. OATS SOWN IN DIFFERENT QUANTITIES PER ACRE ON SANDY LOAM SOIL. Banner \\ bush. per acre Banner 2 bush . pet- acre Banner 2^ bush. per acre.. Banner 3 bush . ])er acre Banner 3^ bush. ])er acre Banner 4 bush. per acre 96 42-44 iStiff. 42—44 I .. 40—42 'Medium. 40-42 .1 . 96 30—32 96' 30-32 Weak . . . 8 -9 8 —9 8 —9 8 -9 7 -8 7 -8 Branching. 41 6 II 59 14 .. 57 2 „ 43 18 ,1 31 26 II 35 10 Slightly. OATS SOWN IN DIFFERENT QUANTITIES PER ACRE ON CLAY LOAM SOIL. Banner 1^ bush. per acre Batnier 2 bush . per acre Banner 2\ bush. per acre Banner 3 bush . per acre Banner 3^ bush. per acre Banner 4 bush. per acre II 27 July 28 92 46-48 J .1 27 28 92 46—48 .1 27 28 92 49—51 1. 27 28 92 49-51 ,. 27 28 92 40—42 M 27 28 92 34—36 Stiff. Medium . Weak . 9—10 II 58 28 9—10 if 65 30 9—10 II 07 2 9—10 64 24 9-10 61 6 9-10 II 57 22 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 21 SESSIONAL PAPER Nc. 16 Name of Variety. Date of Sowiiifc Date of Ripen- ing. 21 Length of Straw. Inches. Character of Straw. Length of Head. Inches. Kind of Head. Yield per Acre. Bus. Lbs Rusted. BARLEY SOWK IN DIFFERENT QUANTITIES PER ACRE ON SANDY LOASi SOIL. Mensury 1^ bush. per acre Mensury 2 bush. per acre Mensury 2^ bush . per acre Mensury 3 bush. per acre.. , Mensury 3^ bush. per acre Mensury 4 bush. per acre 39—41 39—41 39—41 39—41 39-41 3G— 38 Stiff. Medium 3 —31 3 —3^ 3 —3h 3 — 3^ 3-3i 3-3i 35 35 None 37 19 43 11 42 19 39 23 43 11 BARLEY SOWN IN DIFFERENT QUANTITIES PER ACRE ON CLAY LOAM SOIL. Mensury IJ bush. per acre Mensury 2 bush. per acre Mensury 2^ bush. per acre Mensury 3 bush. per acre.. Mensury 3^ bush. per acre Mensury 4 bush. per acre M 27 „ 19 83 39—41 >, 27 ,, 19 83 39-41 „ 27 „ 19 83 43—45 „ 27 „ 19 83 41—43 M 27 M 19 83 40—42 1. 27 .. 19 83 40—42 Stiff. Medium . Weak . . . 3 -^ 3 -3i 3 -H 3 -3i 3 -3^ 3 -H 37 - 40 35 44 3 45 35 45 35 44 3 EXPERIMENTS WITH PEASE. Sixty-one varieties of pease have been under trial in the uniform test plots during the past season. The soil on which these pease were sown was a sandy loam, which received a dressing of barn-yard manure during the winter of 1898-9 of about 12 tons per acre. The previous crop was oats. After the oats were taken off the land was cultivated shallow shortly after harvest to start shed grain and weed seeds, and plough- ed again later in the autumn aboirt 8 inches deep, and left in this condition until tho following spring, when it was cultivated twice with a two-horse cultivator and twice with a smoothing harrow. The seed of all the varieties was sown on April 29 on plots of one-fortieth of an acre each, at the rate of two to three bushels per acre according to the size of the pea. 22 EXrERIMESTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 PEASE — TEST OF VARIETIES. Name of Variety. Date of Ripening 1 Cooper 2 English Gray . . 3 Paragon 4 Xel.son 5 French Canner . . 6 Bruce 7 1 Centennial 81 Vincent OjElder 10 Chancellor lllKent.^ 12] Victoria . . . . ISCarleton., 14' Alma 15' Arthur IGiElliot 17[King 18 Canadian Beauty. ly'Picton 20 Golden Vine. 21 22 23 24 25 26 Auo Lanark Bright Bedford Large White Marrowfat. Perth Prussian Blue 27|Mackay 28 Pride 29 Mummy 30 Pearl 31 Field Gray 32 Prince Sa'Danif'] O'Rourke 34 Creeper 35 New Potter 36 j Wisconsin Blue 37 Duke. SS^Oddfellow 39 Agnes 40 1 Black Eyed Marrowfat.. 41 VVhite Wonder . . 42 Archer 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 Macoun Multiplier Gregory Early Britain Crown • . . Harrison's Glory. . . . Elephant Blue Prince Albert 51 Fergus 52 Chelsea 53 Dover 54 Herald 55 Fen ton 56 Trilby 57 Maple 58 German White 59 Grass Pea 60 Grey (Pisum Arvense I 13 fr. Norway) 61 Marrowfat (fr. S^orwaj') No. Character of Growth. Length of Straw. l."). 15. 2. <;. 12. 18. 20. 20. 14. 3. 14. 21. 14. 14. 15. 13. 18. 13. 15. 13. 12. 10. 15. 14. 14. 0. 10. 12. 15. 21. 16. 13. 5. 12. 20. 17. 15. 15. 14. 19. 7. 18. 19. 19. 11. 13. 13. 11. 13. 21. 17. 19. 15. 20. 10. 12. 21. 7. 21. 0. 5. 108 108 95 99 105 111 113 113 107 96 107 114 107 107 108 106 111 106 108 106 105 109 108 107 107 99 103 105 108 114 109 106 98 105 113 110 108 108 107 112 100 111 112 112 104 106 106 104 106 114 110 112 108 113 103 105 114 100 114 99 98 Strong Medium.. . Very strong. Medium. . . . Strong Very strong. jredium Very strong. Strong Very strong. Strong Very strong. Strong Very strong. Strong Medium Strong Strong Very strong. Strong ^Medium . . . . Strong Medium Strong Very strong Strong II Medium Inches. 74—80 75-80 35—40 50—55 90—96 70 75 65—70 70-75 75—80 05—70 65-70 70-75 80-85 C5— 70 60—05 65-70 75-80 72—76 72-78 70—75 76—82 72-78 90—95 72-78 68-72 68—75 68—72 05-70 70—75 00-65 65—70 70-75 .55-00 08-72 72-78 02—68 57—61 50-55 65-70 70-75 34—38 70-75 55—60 72-76 70-75 50- 55 70—75 54— .58 70—75 70-75 70—75 . 70-75 57-61 65-70 72-76 62-08 68—72 70-75 55—60 36-38 46-48 Yield per Acre. 2i-2i 2|-2| Inches. Bush. Lbs. 33 20 Weight per Bushel. The foregoing list includes the following thirty cross-bred sorts, all of which have been originated at the experimental farms: — Agnes, Alma, Archer, Arthur, Bedford, Bright, Bruce, Carleton, Chelsea, Cooper, Dover, Duke, Elder, Elliot, Fenton, Fergus, REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 23 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Gregory, Herald, Kent, King, Lanark, Mackay/Macoun, Nelson, Pearl, Perth, Picton, Prince, Trilby and Vincent. SELECT LIST OF VARIETIES OF PEASE. In this list is given the average yield per acre obtained during the past three to seven years from the most productive varieties of pease grown at all the experimental farms, with the length of time they have been under test. Only those are included which have been three years or longer under trial. Further particulars regarding these select lists will be found under ' Select list of oats.' Names of Varieties. Cro\vn German White . , Pride Carleton Picton Chelsea Early Britain . . . King 9 New Potter Paragon Duke ... English Graj'. . . Lanark Pearl.... Wisconsin Blue, Perth Agnes Archer Gregory Elliot Arthur 22 Mummy 23 Fergus 24Tr;iby 25 Chancellor . 20 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 White Wonder Centennial Nelson Bruce Kent Prussian Blue Victoria Prince Albert Golden vine Mackay Prince Dover . Black Eyed Marrowfat . . Macoun Vincent Creeper Oddfellow French Canner Elder Bright.... Large White Marrowfat. Fenton Canadian Beauty Elephant Blue Daniel O'Rourke Cooper 52 Alma 63 Bedford. 54 55 56 Herald Multiplier Harrison's Glory . Number of Average Yield per acreat all the under trial. Experimental i arms. 7 36 40 4 36 1 7 36 6 35 36 4 35 31 3 35 15 5 34 53 5 34 36 7 34 30 6 34 26 6 34 23 3 34 15 4 34 12 3 34 10 3 34 2 5 33 53 6 33 52 5 33 50 4 33 42 3 33 42 6 33 37 7 33 36 4 33 30 6 33 27 0 33 25 5 33 25 7 33 21 5 33 19 3 83 14 f) 33 9 5 33 5 5 33 3 7 32 58 7 32 58 6 32 41 6 32 40 3 32 39 7 32 37 6 32 36 5 32 24 6 32 23 5 32 18 4 32 15 3 32 10 5 31 59 6 31 45 4 31 44 7 31 41 5 31 38 6 31 35 4 31 30 5 31 29 G 31 25 3 31 15 7 31 3 5 30 57 21 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD Vil., A. '.902 EXPEKIMENTS WITH INDIAN CORN. Thirty-seven varieties of Indian corn were tested during the season of 1900, side by side, on fairly uniform land. The soil was a sandy loam of good quality, which received a dressing of barn-yard manure, about twelve tons to the acre, during the winter of 1900-1. This was placed on the frozen land fresh from the barn-yard, in small heaps of about one-third of a cart load each, and spread and ploughed under in the spring. The previous crop was wheat. The land was gang-ploughed shallow shortly after wheat harvest to start weed seeds and shed grain, and ploughed again in the autumn seven or eight inches deep. In the spring of 1901, after the manure was spread and ploughed under, it was harrowed twice with the smoothing harrow before sowing. The corn was sown with the seed drill, in rows three feet aparfr, also in hills three feet apart each way; when the plants were from five to seven inches high they were thinned so as to leave them from sis to eight inches apart in the rows, and from four to five kernels were left in each hill. The varieties were all sown on May 28, and were cut for ensil- age on September 18. The yield per acre has been calculated from the weight of the cr6p cut from two rows, each G6 feet long. INDIAN CORN — TEST OF VARIETIES. ^ »Xaioc of Variety. Character of : Height. Growth. I 1 Superior Fodder IStrong 2 Early Mastodon j Very strong. 3 Early Butler. . . Thoro'bred White Flint. . . , Extra Early Huron , Cloud's Early Yellow Giant Prolific Ensilage. . . . , Selected Learning , Red Cob Ensilage Evergreen Sugar Strong Champion White Pearl - i Very strong. Kennit^'s B. B I " 13 Country Gentleman Medium 14jSauford iStrong Very strong. 15 Salzer'8 All Gold 1(>[ Mammoth Cuban 17 Canada White Flint IS'Kennie's Victoria Yellow ly Pride of the North 20 Compton's Earlj' 21 i White Cap Yellow Dent. 22 Rennie's Earliest Ontario, 23 King of the Earliest 24 Mamm. E-ght-rowed Flint ^Medium 2.5 Black Mexican m Strong Very strong. Medium Very strong. Stronc' Early Yellow Long Eared | i Longfellow [Strong. . .. North Dakota White Medium Angel of Midnight Strong 20 27 28 30;Pearce's Prolific. 31 North Dakota Yellow Medium . 32 Kendall's Early Giant 1 Weak . . . 33 F^arly August 34 Salzer's Earliest Ripe 3.5 Extra Early Szekely 3(i Yellow Six Weeks 37lMitcheir8 Extra Eaily Inches. 120—130 120—130 110—120 115-120 115-125 120—125 120—130 120—130 120—130 105-115 110—120 125-130 94—110 120—125 115—125 125-135 90—120 130—140 105-115 95—105 120—130 105—115 105-115 95—105 90—100 10.5—110 95-105 90— 95 90—102 85— 95 80— 90 65- 75 80- 90 65— 75 65— 75 65— 75 60— 65 Leafiness. Leafy Very leafy. Leafy Condition v\hen Cut. Very leaf}'. Leaf J' (blazed. . . I Doughy .. 'Late ujilk. Glazed. . . Late milk. Early n)i]k Late milk. Early milk Very leafy. Leafy Leafy . . . Very leafy. Medium. . . , Leafy 24 24 23 23 22 22 22 22 22 21 21 21 20 Late milk. 19 Early milk 19 19 Late milk. Glazed. Late milk. Glazed . . . Early milk Weight per Acre grown in Rows. Tons. Lbs. Doughy . . Glazed . . . Fairly leafy. Medium. . . Leafy Medium . Leafy. . . , Medium. . Ripe. . Glazed . Doughy 840 400 1,300 200 1,760 1,540 1,540 1,120 460 4G0 1,360 1,820 1,380 940 1,840 1,840 1,820 1,620 1,300 300 80 1,420 1,660 1,220 360 1,700 1,480 1,260 1,040 1,280 240 700 260 40 1,600 Weight per Acre grown in Hills. Tons. Lbs. 25 24 19 23 25 20 19 23 21 18 15 ]9 16 17 22 26 17 17 11 14 19 20 18 22 14 15 20 19 15 18 18 16 8 10 11 9 11 820 840 910 640 1,480 40 1,600 860 20 520 1,020 940 120 1,200 440 140 HX) 100 1,760 1,480 500 1,360 1,620 1,480 1,900 40 500 1,460 520 1,400 560 1,160 1,120 440 1,360 1,100 INDIAN CORN PLANTED AT DIFFERENT DISTANCES. Three varieties were chosen for this test, the Champion White Pearl, Selected Learning and Longfellow. They were sown in rows at different distances apart. The UEPORT OF TEE DIRECTOR 25 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Boil was the same as that used for the test of varieties, and its treatment and prepara- tion were the same. The corn was sown with the seed drill on May 28, and was cut for ensilage September IS. Four rows were sown in each, case, and the yield per acre ha.'j been calculated from the weight of crop obtained from the two inside rows, each 60' feet long. Name of Variety. Champion White Pearl. Selected Leamins Longfellow Width of Row. Inches. 21 28 35 42 11 28 35 42 21 28 35 42 Character of Growth. Height when Cut. Strong. . . . Very stron Strong Verj- stron Strong. . . . Very f?tron; Inches. -130 LSO -135 -i;]5 -1-5 -125 -135 -135 -100 -100 -110 -110 Condition when Cut. 120-130 Late milk. 120- 125 125 115— lv5 Glazed . . 115 125 125- 95 1)5- 100 100 Weight per Acre. 27 CG5 26 72 24 1,720 24 1,44 t 24 1,010 20 I SI! 19 191 21 1,9 '2 20 1,470 19 770 IS 838 17 l,l.'-)(3 SELECT LIST OF VARIETIES OF IXDI.\X CORN. In this list is given the average yield per acre obtained during the past three to seven years from the more productive varieties of Indian corn grown at all the experi- mental farms, with the length of time they have been under test. Only those are in- cluded which have been three years or longer under trial. Fuller particulars regard- ing these select lists will be found under * Select list of oats.' Names of Varieties. 1 Early Mastodon 2 Cloud's Early Yellow 3 Red Cob Ensilage 4 Thoroughbred White Flint. . , 5, Selected Learning 6 Early Butler 7 Mammoth Cuban 8|Giant Prolific Ensilage 9iPride of the North ■ 10, Champion White Pearl 11 Angel of Midnight 12|Mammoth Eight-rowed Flint. ISjKing of the Earliest 14 Sanford 15iCompton's Early 1(J| White Cap Yellow Dent Evergreen Sugar. Longfellow Canada White Flint Country Gentleman North Dakota White Poarce's Prolific Early Yellow Long Eared . Kendall's Early Giant Black Mexican Extra Early Huron Dent . 2? Extra Early Szekely. Number of Years under Trial. Mitchell's Extra Early. Yellow Six Weeks Average Yield per Acre at all the Experimental Farms. 21 19 19 19 IS 18 18 17 17 17 17 16 16 16 16 16 16 15 15 15 15 15 14 14 14 14 12 11 10 690 1,001 651 134 1,210 958 026 1,976 1,141 1,0.54 257 1,536 910 627 545 . 380 79 1,921 1,762 LI 23 983 505 1,837 1,737 1,127 1,004 789 1,042 1,574 26 EXPERIIIEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 EXPERIMENTS WITH TURNIPS. Twenty-nine varieties of turnips were on trial during the past season, all sown Bide by side on similar land. The soil was a clay loam of good quality, more or less mixed with sandy loam. The previous crop was experimental plots of wheat and bar- ley. The land was ploughed early in the autumn of 1900 about eight inches deep! During the winter of 1900-1 this land received a dressing of about 12 tons of fresh barn-yard manure per acre, which was placed on the frozen ground in small piles of about a third of a cart-load each to prevent fermentation. This was spread in the spring, ploughed under about six inches deep, and harrowed with the smoothing har- row. The land was then made up in drills two feet apart, and rolled with a heavy land roller, which flattened the drills nearly one-half, leaving a firm seed bed. The seed was sown at the rate of three pounds per acre. Two sowings were made of each sort, the first on May 8, the second on May 22. They were also pulled on two different dates. The first pulling was on October 14, and the second on October 28. The yield per acre has been calculated in each case from the weight of roots gathered from one row G6 feet in length. TURNIPS — TEST OF VARIETIES. Name of Variety. IjCarter's Elephant 2 Hartley's Bronze 3 Drummond Purple Top. 4 Hale wood's Bronze Top. 5 Hall's Westbury 6 Sutton's Champion 7 Bangholm Selected , 8 Emperor Swede 9 Champion Purple Top. . 10 Prize Purple Top 11 Magnum Bonuna 12 Marquis of Lome 13 New Arctic ■ 14 Selected Purple Top 15 Skirvings 16 West Norfolk Red Top. . 17 Imperial Swede 18 Selected Champion 19 Shamrock Purple Top. . . 20 Elephant's Master 21 Giant King 22 Prize Winner 23 East Lothian 24 Perfection Swede 25 Kangaroo 2G Monarch 27 Mammoth Clyde 28 Jumbo 29 Webb's New Renown . . . Yield per acre from Ist Sowing 1st Pulling October 14. 41 41 40 39 37 37 36 36 34 34 33 33 33 33 32 32 32 32 32 31 31 30 30 30 27 25 24 23 16 1,820 1,490 520 1,.5.30 1,240 1,240 1,590 270 1,300 310 1,650 1,320 990 330 1,340 1,340 1,340 1,010 20 1,690 1,360 1,380 720 60 120 490 180 1,850 670 Yield per acre from 2nd Sowing 1st Pulling October 14. Yield per acre from 1st Sowing 2nd Pulling October 28. Tons. Lbs. Tons. Lbs. Tons. Lbs. 29 29 28 28 27 28 25 32 27 23 24 27 21 28 27 26 22 25 26 20 26 26 27 29 22 22 22 20 17 80 80 760 430 1,110 1,090 1,480 1,670 450 1,520 1,830 120 240 1,750 1,110 800 880 1,150 1,790 1,580 1,460 140 1,440 1,070 1,870 880 650 590 1,970 43 42 40 39 39 32 39 33 ^0 31 35 30 34 29 27 27 35 34 31 37 41 29 36 31 33 18 33 33 23 790 480 520 1,200 1,530 20 210 660 190 370 950 1,710 310 80 780 120 1,280 310 700 580 170 1,730 270 1,360 660 1,620 990 1,320 200 Yield per acre from 2nd Sowing 2nd Pulling October 28. Tons. |Lb3. 37 30 32 29 32 30 27 24 31 25 32 24 29 23 21 21 28 24 24 28 30 24 30 26 26 21 30 25 910 1,380 680 1,730 1,670 60 450 840 40 490 680 840 1,730 530 900 240 1,420 510 1,830 1,750 720 180 1,050 1,130 800 900 720 490 All rotten. Tons. Lbs, The average from the 1st sowing, 1st pulling was 32 1,420 The average from the 2nd sowing, 1st pulling was 25 1,582 The average from the 1st sowing, 2nd pulling was 33 1,896 The average from the 2nd sowing, 2nd pulling was 27 1,381 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 27 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Increase in Crop of Turnips from early Soivlnfj, also from Late Falling. The results given point to the advantage of early sowing. The average yield of turnips from all the varieties from the first sowing and first pulling has exceeded that from the second sowing by C tons, 1,838 pounds per acre, and in the case of the second pulling made fourteen days later, the larger weight from the earlier sowing is well maintained, the difference being 6 tons, 515 pounds per acre in favour of early sowing. The figures given also show that the fourteen days of additional time given to the roots to grow between October 11 and 28, resulted in an average increase in weight in the early sown plots of 1 ton 492 pounds per acre, while those later sown increased in weight during the same period 1 ton 1,799 pounds per acre. SELECT LIST OF VARIETIES OF TURNIPS. In this list is given the average yield per acre obtained during the past three to seven years from the more productive varieties of turnips grown at all the experimental farms, with the length of time they have jaeen under test. Only those sorts are in- cluded wdiich have been three years or longer under trial. Names of Varieties. Number of Years under trial. Selected Purple Top Pnvfection Swede Imperial Swede Halewood's Bronze Top. Hall's Westburj' Hartley's Bronze Bangholm Selected Webb's Renown East Lothian Shamrock Purple Top. . . Carter's Elephant Prize Winner Skirvings Drumniond Purple Top. . Jumbo Prize Purplii Top Mammoth Clyde Monarch New Arctic Sutton's Champion (.Jiant King West Norfolk Jled Top. . Champion Purple Top. . . Marquis of Lome Average Yield per acre at all the E.xperimental Farms. 31 31 30 30 30 29 29 29 29 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 27 27 27 27 27 27 26 206 202 1,948 78.S 579 1,700 1,648 296 174 1,098 1,206 1,119 1,096 904 704 610 549 1,608 1,434 1,280 820 502 130 1,337 EXPEEIMENTS WITH MANGELS. Twenty-five varieties of mangels were under trial in 1901. These were all sown, side by side, adjoining the turnips ; the land was similar in character and its treatment and preparation was the same. The drills were made up two feet apart and rolled with a heavy land roller to make a firm bed before the seed was sown. Two sowings were made of each sort, the first on May 8, the second on May 22. They were also pulled on two different dates, the first pulling was on October 14, and the second on October 28. The yield per acre has been calculated in each case from the weight of roots gathered from one row 66 feet long. 23 EXrERIMEXTAL FARAIS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 M.0;GEL5 — TEST OF VARIETIES. Xaiae of Variety. Yield per acre from 1st Sowing 1st Pulling October 14. Yield per acre from 2nd Sowing 1st Pulling October 14. Yield per acre from 1st Sowing 2nd Pulling October 28. Yield per acre from 2nd Sowing 2nd Puliing October 28. Tons. Lbs. i Tens. Lbs. Tons. Lbs. Tons. Lbs. l|Champion Yellow Globe 2; Mammoth Yellow Intermediate. 3! Yellow Intermediate , 4jGiaut Yellow Intermediate 5, Prize Winner YcUow Globe elNoibiton Giant 7 1 Half Long Sugar Rosy s'Oiant Yellow Half Long , 9!Gate Post lOjGiant Yellow Globe 11 IHalf Long Sugar White 12' Mammoth Long Red 13 Warden Orange Globe 14 Golden Fleshed Tankard 45 44 44 43 42 42 42 42 41 41 39 37 37 36 .36 36 3.5 34 Leviathan Long Red Prize Mammoth Long Red Lion Yellow Intermediate Gate Post Yellow 19 [ Mammoth Oval Shaped ! 3 i 20 Selected Mammoth Long Red ' 3t 2ll Ward's Large Oval Shaped '• 34 22lRed Fleshed Tankard j 33 23JTriumph Ye. low Globe 33 24 Canadian Giant 30 25 Yellow Fleshed Tankard 29 1,080 1,100 110 790 1,800 1,470 480 480 830 335 1,695 1,570 910 1,590 ],2G0 270 1,280 1,960 640 640 310 1,320 990 . 225 1,070 28 28 32 30 34 27 27 34 35 31 36 27 28 24 30 32 31 30 26 28 22 26 25 30 24 430 1,750 350 1,380 1,630 450 450 1,300 290 370 1,380 780 700 675 1,380 20 1,300 00 1,460 1,420 1,540 510 490 60 1,830 47 47 51 39 55 34 40 41 38 36 48 41 43 33 46 39 41 34 44 47 37 34 47 38 39 1,370 380 1,620 870 558 1,300 1.180 170 230 1,260 30 1,490 400 330 1,720 210 1,820 970 110 710 1,240 040 1,040 1,550 210 30 31 40 36 44 28 27 27 31 28 30 28 32 28 42 31 30 24 29 36 3(1 26 37 32 30 1,710 370 1,510 270 440 100 120 7S0 40 100 930 1,420 1.340 100 1,800 1,090 GOO 840 1,400 270 1,710 iOO 550 1,070 1,710 Tons. lbs. The average from the 1st sowing, 1st puliing was 38 648 Tlie average from the 2nd sowing, 1st pulling was 29 405 The average from the 1st sowing, 2nd pulling was 41 1,978 The average from the 2nd sowing, 2nd pulling was. ..*... 32 799 Increase in Crop from Early Sowing and Late Pulling. The results obtained point to the advantage of early sowing. The average yield of mangels from all the varieties from the first sowing and first pulling has exceeded that of the second sowing by 9 tons 243 pounds per acre, and in the case of the second pulling made fourteen days later, the larger weight from the earlier sowing is well maintained, the difference being 9 tons 1,179 pounds per acre in favour of early sowing. The figures given also show that the fourteen days of additional time given to the roots to grow between October 14 and 28 resulted in an average increase in weight on the early sown plots of 3 tons 1,330 pounds per acre, while those later sown increased in weight during the same period 3 tons 394 pounds per acre. In looking through the list of varieties tested it would appear that the different strains of the Yellow Intermediate mangel are the most productive in this part of Canada, and that the strains of the Mammoth Long Red follow these closely. The Globe mangels average next best, while most of the tankard sorts range towards the bottom of the list. SELECT LIST OF VARIETIES OF MANGELS. In this list is given the average yield per acre obtained during the past three to six years from the more productive varieties of mangels grown at all the experimental farms, with the length of time they have been under test. Only those sorts are in- cluded which have been three years or longer under trial. HE PORT OF THE DIRECTOR 29 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Names of Varieties. Number of Years Under Trial. 1 Yellow Intermediate . 2!Giant Yellow Interme ediate. Gate Post. Selected Mammoth Long Red . . Mammoth Yellow Intermediate. Lion Yellow Intermediate Giant Yellow Half Long (Jiant Yellow Globe Mammoth Long Red Prize Mammoth Long Red Norbitori Giant Canadian G iant 13 1 Ward's Large Oval Shaped 14 Champion Yellow Globe 15 Mamirioth Oval Shaped IG Gate Post Yellow 17, Yellow Fleshed Tankard 18 Golden Fleshed Tankard li) Warden Orange Globe 20 Red Fleshed Tankard Average Yield per acre at all the Expt. Farms. 32 32 31 30 2i) 29 29- 29 29 28 28 27 27 2G 2« 25 25 25 25 24 GOG 254 IGO 575 1,841 1,123 1,100 686 495 1,136 4 1,8G1 1,020 1,349 444 1,519 841 510 459 755 EXPERIMENTS WITH CARROTS. Twenty varieties of carrots were under trial in 1901. These were 4II sown side by side adjoining the turnips and mangels; the land was similar in character and its treatment and preparation was the same. The drills were made up two feet apart, and rolled with a heavy land roller to make a firm bed before the seed was sown. Two sowings were made of each sort, the first on May 8, the second on May 22. They were also pulled on two different dates, the first pulling was on October 14, the second on October 28. The yield per acre has been calculated in each case from the weight of roots gathered from one row QQ feet long. CARROTS — TEST OF VARIETIES. Name of Variety. 1, Half Long White 2 New White Intermediate 3: Mammoth White Intermediate. 4 Giant White Vosges 5 Iverson's Champion 6 Half Long Chantenay 7 Ontario Champion 8 Improved Short White 9 Green Top White Orthe 10 Long Yellow Stump Rooted 11 White Vosges Large Short Yellow Internieiliate. Carter's Orange Giant Early Gem. Guerande or Ox-Heart Scarlet Intermediate. ... White Belgian Long Orange or Surrey. . . Long Scarlet Altringham. Scarlet Nantes Yield per acre from 1st Sowing 1st Pulling October 14. 43 42 40 38 37 37 34 33 30 28 24 24 24 23 22 21 19 17 16 14 Lbs. 790 1,140 1,.510 890 580 250 1,300 660 1,050 1,750 1,500 1,500 840 530 5.50 1,.5G0 GIO 1,970 1,330 710 Yield per acre from 2nd Sowing 1st Pulling October 14. Tons. Lbs. 27 31 36 30 29 23 34 32 22 23 22 17 21 21 21 20 23 14 14 13 1,440 1,030 1,2G0 1,050 1,400 1,190 310 20 1,870 860 1,870 980 240 240 570 590 530 1,370 50 730 Yield per acre from 1st Sowing 2nd Pulling October 28. Tons. Lbs. 42 38 44 42 35 24 32 34 37 29 29 33 31 27 2G 25 34 19 20 19 1,140 560 1,7G0 1,470 1,610 1,500 1,010 1,960 910 1,400 1,070 330 370 780 1,790 820 1,9G0 1,270 1,.580 940 Yield per acre from 2nd Sowing 2nd Pulling October 28. Tons. Lbs. 30 32 32 32 39 28 34 35 31 25 28 22 28 23 27 2G 28 17 17 15 300 1,670 1,670 1,010 210 100 1,630 1,940 1,690 1,480 1,430 650 100 860 1,970 140 1,420 980 1,.S10 3G0 30 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Tons. lbs. The average from the 1st sowing, 1st pulling was 28 1,G51 The average from the 2nd sowing, 1st pulling was 21 180 The average from the 1st sowing, 2'nd pulling was 31 1,212 The average from the 2nd sowing, 2nd pulling was 27 1,916 Increase in Cnop from Early Sowing and Late Pulling. The results obtained point to the advantage of early sowing. The average yield of carrots from all the varieties from the first sowing and first pulling has exceeded that from the second sowing by 4 tons 1,471 pounds per acre, and in the ease of the second pulling the larger weight from the earlier sown plots is well maintained, the difference being 3 tons 1,266 pounds per acre in favour of early sowing. The figures given also show that the fourteen days of additional time given to the roots to grow between October 14 and 28 resulted in an average increase in weight of crop on the earlier sown plots of 2 tons 1,261 pounds per acre, while those later sown increased in weight during the same period 3 tons 1,766 pounds per acre. In scanning the list of varieties and noting tlieir relative position it is evident that the several strains of the White Intermediate Carrot are much the most profitable to grow here. The White Belgian has done fairly well, but it is a very difficult sort to harvest owing to its great length and cylindrical form. The short-rooted varieties of the Half Long Chanteuay type have also done well. SELECT LIST OF VARIETIES OF CARROTS, In this list is given the average yield per acre obtained during the past three to six years from the more productive varieties of carrots, grown at all the experimental farms, with the length of time they have been under test. Only those sorts are in- cluded which have been three years or longer under trial. Names of Varieties. New White Intermediate Half Long ^\^3ite Giant White Vosp;es Improved Short White Ontario Champion Mammoth White Intermediate Iverson's Champion Green Tup White Orthe White Belgian White Vosges Large Short Yfllow Intermediate Early Gem Half Long Chantenay Guerande or Ox-Heart Carter's Orange Gi«nt Long Orange or Surrey Scarlet Intermediate Long Scarlet Altringham '.', Scarlet Nantes A\ -erage Number of Vield per Acre Years at all the imder Trial. Experimental Farms. 3 23 1,913 6 21 1,250 6 21 1,245 6 iJl 637 4 21 4.50 6 20 1,705 6 20 601 5 19 1,601 6 18 897 3 18 104 6 17 1,335 6 17 1,295 G 17 923 6 17 523 G 15 208 6 13 1,703 (i ' 13 320 6 12 506 3 11 1,443 EXPERIMENTS WITH SUGAR BEETS. Seven varieties of sugar beets were under trial in 1901. These were all sown side by side adjoining the carrots; the land was similar in character and its treatment and preparation was the same. The drills were made up two feet apart and rolled with a heavy land roller to make a firm bed before the seed was sown. Two sowings were REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 31 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 made of each sort, the first on May 8, the second on May 22. They were also pulled on two different dates. The first pulling was on October 14, the second on October 28. The yield per acre has been calculated in each case from the weight of roots gathered from one row GG feet long. SUGAR BEETS— TEST OF VARIETIES. Name of Variety I 1 Red ToT) Rupar 2 Royal (4ia'.it 3 Danish Imjiroverl 4 Danish Red Top . . . 5 Improved Imperial. . . 0 Wanzleben 7 Vilinorin's Improved Yield per Acre from 1st Sowing. 1st Pulling Oct. 14. Tons. 34 33 33 31 28 2o 22 Lb.=i. 640 or.o ,330 l,.3f.O 430 1(50 1,210 Yield per Acre from 2nd Sowing. 1st Pulling Oct. 14. Tons. 25 29 2.0 2.5 20 21 18 Lbs. 1.150 1,070 4!)0 1,480 1,1.30 1,800 300 Yield per Acre from 1st Sowing. 2nd Pulling Oct. 28. Tons 32 33 215 2'.) 2G 25 20 Lbs. 20 330 140 1,400 1,790 490 590 Yield per Acre from 2nd Sowing. 2nd Pulling Oct. 28. Tons. 26 26 22 22 26 18 15 Lbs. 470 140 1,130 1,950 30 The average crop from the 1st sowing, 1st pulling was. The average crop from the 2nd sowing, 1st pulling was. The average crop from the 1st sowing, 2nd pulling was. The average crop from the 2nd sowing, 2nd pulling was. Tons. lbs. 29 1,511 24 1,3.59 27 1,251 22 1,0G9 Results of Early Sowing and Late Pulling. The figures given above point to the advantage of early sowing. The average yield of sugar beets from all the varieties from the first sowing and first pulling has exceeded that from the second sowing by 5 tons 182 pounds per acre, and in the case of the sec- ond pulling made fourteen days later, precisely the same result is reached, the first sowing exceeding the second by 5 tons 182 pounds per acre. In this case, however, the figures show no advantage from delay in pulling. On the contrary the yield from the second pulling, both sowings have given at the rate of 2 tons 290 pounds per acre less in each cage than was had from the first pulling. SELECT LIST OF VARIETIES OF SUGAR BEETS. In this list is given the average yield per acre obtained during the past four and five years from the more productive varieties of sugar beets, grown at all the experi- mental farms, with the length of time they have been iinder test. Only those sorts are included which have been three years or longer under trial. Names of V'arieties. Danish Red Top Red Top Sugar .. , , Danish Improved Improved Imperial, . Wanzleben Vilmorin's Improved Average Yield per Acre at all the Experimental Farms, Tons. Lbs. 26 246 23 22 22 21 19 172 1,091 792 553 118 EXPERIMEXTAL FAHMS 1-2 EDWARD Vil., A. 1902 riELD PLOTS OF POTATOES. The following field plots of potatoes were included in the area devoted to experi- mental purposes. The land on which these potatoes were planted was similar through- out, and the preparation and treatment were the same for ail. The soil was a sandy loam, more or less mixed with clay. The previous crop was experimental plots of wheat. After the wheat crop was cut the land was gang-ploughed shallow to start into growth any shed grain or weed seeds lying on the surface ; later in the autumn it was again ploughed seven to eight inches deep. During the winter of 1900 and 1901 it received a dressing of about 12 tons of fresh barn-yard manure per acre, wliich was placed during the winter on the frozen ground in small piles of about a third of a cart- load each to prevent fermentation. This was spread in the spring, ploughed under about six inches deep, and harrowed with the smoothing harrow, then made into drills two and a half feet apart and six inches deep for planting. The sets were put from 12 to 15 inches apart. They were all planted May 18, and dug October 4. FIELD PLOTS OF POTATOES, EACH ABOUT I ACRE. "^ Name of Variety. IjEarlj' Harvest , 2)Early Sunrise 3| Wonder of the Vs'orld Early Audes . . Vigorosa Rr>chester Rose , E\'erett Carman No. 1 . Bovee Honeoye Rose . Yield per Acre. Bush. 313 303 280 280 270 262 261 246 228 196 Lbs. 30 45 8 48 30 9 36 30 Plots 8, 9 and 10 were partly in low land, which accounts for the smaller ylU. The results of the tests of potatoes grown in experimental plots will be found the report of the Horticulturist. SELECT LLST OF VARIETIES OF POTATOES. In this list is given the average yield per acre obtained during the past three to seven years from the most productive varieties grown at all the experimental farms, with the length of time they have been under test. Only those are included which have been three years or longer under trial. On this account many of the newest sorts do not appear in this list. During the past seven years a large number of varieties have been tested, and quite a number of different sorts have failed to reach that stand- ard of productiveness required if their cultivation is to be continued. The standard for potatoes is fixed in the same way as that for oats. This will be found explained under ' Select list of oats.' The following 29 varieties have thus been dropped from the list during the past two years. Algoma No. 1, Columbus, Crown Jewel, Charles Downing, Early Gem, Fillbasket, Freeman, Good News, Honeoye Kose, Hopeful, Harbinger, Ideal, Light- ning Express, London, King of the Roses, McKenzie, Monroe County, Orphans, Pride of the Table, Peerless Junior, Queen of the Valley, Russell's Seedling, Record, Satis- faction, Seedling No. 214, Stourbridge Glory, Table King, Victor Rose, World's Fair. REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR S3 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Names of Varieties. 1 Uncle Sam.. 2 Seedling No. 230.... 3 Everett 4 Country Gentleman. 5 Seedling No. 7 Irish Daisy. Bovee American Wonder American Giant ...... Late Puritan Carman No. 1 ■ . . . . Carman No. 3 Rose No. 9 Seattle Empire State . Burnaby Seedling Quaker City Penn. Manor State of Maine , General Gordon , Holborn Abundance . . . Clay Rose , Northern Spy Green Mountain Vanier New Variety No, 1. . . . , Cambridge Russet Maule's Thoroughbred Dreer's Standard Dakota Red Reeves' Rose I. X. L Hale's Champion , Vick's Extra Early . . . . Money Maker Troy Seedling Delaware , Lee's Favourite. . ..*... Rochester Rose Lizzie's Pride. . , Brown's Rot Proof Polaris , Irish Cobbler Sir Walter Raleigh Bill Nye Early Norther Early Puritan Great Divide , Early White Prize Rural Blush Reading Giant Pride of the Market. , . , Chicago Market , Pearce's Prize Winner . White Beauty Brownell's Winner New Queen Early Harvest , , . 69 1 Early Sunrise 60 Flemish Beauty. Maggie Murphy . . Houltun Rose Sharpe's Seedling . Earliest of All Rural No. 2 Thorburn Beauty of Hebron. Number of Years under Trial. Average Yield per Acre at all the Experimental Farms. Bush. 403 391 390 387 386 384 384 384 383 309 367 366 366 364 303 361 361 361 3.59 358 358 357 356 356 355 354 354 351 350 349 348 345 344 344 344 343 342 342 341 340 339 336 335 334 333 332 832 332 330 329 327 326 326 325 324 323 322 319 317 316 316 315 309 307 306 305 304 16—3 3i EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Names of Varieties. Number of Years under Trial. 68jDaisy 60 Early Rose 70 Prize Taker 71 Early Market , 72'Early SixWeeka.... 73iOhio Junior 71;Burx>ee's Extra Early 75iPearce's Extra Early. 76 [Early Ohio Average Yield per Acre at all the Experimental Farms. Bush. Lbs. 303 .S02 299 298 294 287 282 282 273 54 8 41 19 15 45 59 1 51 EXPEEIMEXTS WITH SOJA BEANS. Three plots of one-fortieth acre each were sown in rows at different distances apart, viz.: 21, 28 and 35 inches to gain information as to the hest distance for sowing to secure the lieaviest crops. The soil was a light sandy loam which received a dress- ing of harn-yard manure during the winter of 1S90 and 1900 of about 12 tons per acre. The previous crop was potatoes. After the potatoes were dug, the land was ploughed late in the autmn to the depth of about seven or eight inches, and left in that condition until -the following spring, when it was cultivated once with a two-horse cultivator and twice with a smoothing harrow. The beans were sown with a seed drill on May 6, and cut on September 21. Plot 1. Sown in rows 21 inches apart; growth strong and even, leafy; average height 40 to 4.5 inches. The pods were well formed, but the beans were soft when the crop was cut. Total yield of green crop 14 tons 800 pounds per acre. Yield of beans, 14 bushels 40 pounds per acre. Plot 2. Sown in rows 28 inches apart; growth strong and even, very leafy; aver- age height 40 to 45 inches. The pods were well formed, the beans were full grown, and beginning to harden at time of cutting. Total yield of green crop,- 16 tons 400 pounds per acre. Yield of beans, IG bushels per acre. Plot 3. Sown in rows 35 inches apart; growth very strong and even, leafy; stems hard and woody; average height 44 to 48 inches. The plants were better podded than those in plots 1 or 2, and the beans were harder when cut, but the plant was less valu- able for fodder. Total yield of green crop, 15 tons 720 pounds per acre. Yield of beans, 10 bushels per acre. EXPERIMENTS WITH HORSE BEANS. Three plots of one-fortieth acre each were sown in rows 21, 28 and 35 inches apart, to gain information as to the best distance for sowing to secure the heaviest crop. The land was adjoining that used for soja beans, was similar in quality and received the same treatment. The previous crop was potatoes. The beans were sown with the seed drill; all the plots were sown on May 6, and cut on September 21. Plot 1. Sown in rows 21 inches apart; growth strong, moderately well podded; height 47 to 50 inches, plot all standing. The beans were nearly ripe when cut. Total yield, 8 tons 1,280 pounds per acre. Yield of beans, 22 bushels 40 pounds per acre. Plot 2. Sown in rows 28 inches apart; growth strong and well podded; height 49 to 53 inches. Plot all standing, stalks considerably stiffer than in plot No. 1. The beans were nearly ripe when cut. Total yield, 9 tons 1,G00 pounds per acre. Yield of beans, 26 bushels 40 pounds per acre. REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 35 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Plot 3. Sown in rows 35 inches apart; growth strong, well podded; height 49 to 53 inches. Plot all standing, stalks stiff. The beans were nearly ripe when cut. Total yield, 8 tons 400 pounds per acre. Yield of beans, 20 bushels 6 pounds per acre. EXPERIMENTS WITH MILLETS. Nine varieties of millet were sown on plots of one-fortieth acre each in drills seven inches apart. The soil was a light sandy loam. The previous crop was potatoes. The land receiving a dressing of barn-yard manure during the winter of 1899 and 1900 of about 12 tons per acre. After the potatoes were dug the land was ploughed to the depth of seven or eight inches, and left in that condition till the following spring, when it was cultivated once with a two-horse cultivator and twice with a smoothing harrow before sowing. The seed was sown with a Planet Junior seed drill, and all the varie- ties were sown on May 6. These were all cut when the seed was in the doughy stage. The two varieties, under numbers were received for trial from the United States Depart- ment of Agriculture, Washington. MILLETS — TEST OF VARIETIES. "A Name of Variety. Cat-tail Pearl White Round Extra French Moha Hungarian .Japanese German or Golden Italian or Indian No. 5G47 (Dept. Agr., Wash., U.S.A.) No. 5G48 ( „ „ „ ) Date Cut. Sept. Aug. July Aug. Length of Straw. Character of Growth. Inches. GO— G.5 32—38 63—65 48—50 53— .55 48—50 43— 4G 34-3G 34— 3G Strong. Medium. Weight per Acre, Green. Tons. Lbs. 1040 1920 1040 17G0 5G0 1920 1680 800 480 Weight per Acre, Dry. Tens. Lbs. 8 1280 8 1280 5 1.520 240 640 1920 1360 720 400 EXPEPtlMENTS WITH MIXED ROOTS AND WITH MIXED ROOTS AND VEGETABLES. Four plots were sown with mixtures of field roots, and one with carrots, cabbages and tomatoes to see how far a farmer could thus supply himself with such material for his own use at very little cost and labour. Eour rows were sown in each case about 100 feet long and two feet apart, the seed was sown about the usual thickness and the plants subsequently thinned. About equal parts by weight of seed was used in all the plots, excepting No. 5, where it was used in about equal proportions by measure. Any undue proportion of young plants of any sort can be regulated when the thinning is done. They were all sown May 8, and the roots were pulled October 30. The vegetables were gathered about the middle of Sep- tember. 16— 3J 36 EXPERIMEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 ^lixed Roots and Roots and Vegetables. Yield per Acre. riot 1 — ^langels, carrots and turnips n 2- -Mangels and turnii.>s II 3— Mandrels and carrots I, 4 — Carrots and turnii^s Carrots, Cabbages and Tomatoes. Tons. Lbs, f Yield per acre of Cabbage 18 900 5- II I. Carrots 7 520 [ ,1 >i Tomatoes 8 1,820 I Tons. 40 39 39 38 Lbs. 1,840 1,200 870 230 34 1,300 Although sown out of doors and having no advantage in the way of hot-bed cul- tivation, the tomatoes grew well and ripened a large crop, the cabbage also which was an early variety formed fine heads. All cultivation was by horse cultivator until the plants got too large to admit of this. The expense, both for seed and labour was very trifling. The yield per acre has been calculated in each case from the weight of one row G6 feet long. IXFLUEXCE OF PEEVIOUS CEOPS OX GKOWIXG GRAIX. In the annual report for 1900, some experiments were reported on in the growing of oats after other crops to gain information regarding the influence of previous crops on subsequent growth, and how long this influence is apparent. Six plots were then referred to where Sensation oats were grown after flax, grain, horse beans, soja beans, Indian corn and millet, and particulars regarding the oat crop given. This year the test has included four plots only, the Indian corn and millet plots having been omitted. Barley was sown instead of oats, the variety chosen being the Mensury, which was sown at the rate of 1| bushels per acre. The soil in this instance was a sandy loam which had received no maniire since 1897, when an application was made of about 12 tons per acre. The land was ploughed late in the autumn of 1900 to a depth of 7 or '8 inches, and in the spring of 1901 it was cultivated twice with the two-horse cultivator,- and well harrowed before sowing. Sown in 1899. In 1900. In 1901 . Sensation oats Yield per Acre. Length of Straw. Length of Head. Mensury barley Yield per Acre. Length of Straw. Length of Head. Plot 1— FlaK Bush. Lbs. 49 14 .58 28 0:» 14 49 14 Inches. 40-45 4.3—48 4G-o0 40-45 Inches. 8 — 9J 8^,- 9i 9 —10 8i— 9i Bush. Lbs . 35 — 39 8 40 — 31 32 Inches. 37-39 3(5-38 .38-40 33-35 Inches. 11 2— Grain 3-3.i II 3 — Horse beans II 4 — Soja beans 3-4 3-3i EFFECTS OF THE PLOUGHIXG UXDER OF GREEX CLOVER AS A FERTILIZER FOR OATS. In the spring of 1900, six plots of one-eightieth of an acre each were sown with grain. Two of these plots were sown with Preston wheat, two with Mensury barley. REPORT OF TEE DIRECTOR 37 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 and two with Banner oats. One plot in each case had common red clover sown with the grain at the rate of 12 pounds per acre, the other had no clover. The soil was a light sandy loam of fairly good quality, which had received no manure or other fertilizer since 1897, when it had an application of about 12 tons per acre. After the grain was harvested in 1900, the clover on the alternate plots made good growth, and when the time arrived for ploughing it under it had made a good mat of foliage. This was turned under about the middle of Octobei', and in the spring of 1901 it was cultivated twice with the two-horse cultivator, and harrowed before sowing. The Banner oats were sown on May 4, and cut August 5. Yaiicty. Banner oats sown after, Wheat Preston, 1900, no clover Wheat Preston, 1900, with clpver Larley Mensury, 1900, no clover Barley Mensury, 1900, witli clover (Jats Banner, 1900, no clover Oats Banner, 1900, with clover. ... Length Length of of Straw. Plead. Inches. 42—44 47—49 40—42 47—49 37—39 46—48 Inches. 8—9 8-9i 8—9 8-9i 8—9 8-9^ Yield of I Weight of Oats ytraw per acre, per acre. Bus. Lbs 47 2 49 14 37 22 42 12 35 10 40 -- Lbs. 2,480 3,440 1,920 2,040 2,240 3,040 The average gain in those plots where clover was grown was, in grain 3 bushels 31 pounds per acre, and in straw 827 pounds per acre, an increase of nearly 10 per cent in the grain, and over 35 per cent in the straw. EFFECTS OF THE PLOUGHING UNDER OF GEEEN CLOVEE AS A FEETILIZEE FOE INDIAN COEN. In the spring of 1900, six plots of one-eightieth of an acre each were sown with grain. Two were sown with Preston wheat, two with Mensury barley, and two with Banner oats. One plot in each case had common red clover sown with the grain at the rate of 12 pounds per acre, the other had no clover. These plots were adjoining those of a similar test of oats, and the soil was of the same character and had received the same preparatory treatment. After the grain was harvested in 1900, the clover was allowed to grow until the following season, and was ploughed under about the middle of May, by which time it had made a very heavy growth. The variety of corn chosen for these tests was the Selected Leaming, which was sown on May 23, in rows 3 feet apart, and cut September 18. The results are given in the appended table. Variety. Selected Leaming grown after, Wheat Pieston, no clover . Wheat Preston, with clover. Height. Leanness. Inches. Barley Mensury, no clover .... I 8.i 85— 90 92-106 Barley Mensury, with clover. Oats Banner, no clover Oats Banner, with clover. . . 90 92—106 85— 90 92-106 Medium. . Very leafj' Medium. . Very leafy Medium . . Very leafy Condition when cut. Iiate milk Weight of green fodder per Acre. Tons. Lbs. 1,280 1,760 1,600 880 160 1,600 The average gain in green fodder on the plots where clover was grown, was 8 tons 1,006 pounds per acre, an increase of over 40 per cent. 38 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 EFFECTS OF THE PLOUGHING UNDER OF GREEX CLOVER AS A FERTILIZER FOR POTATOES. In the spring of 1900, six plots of one-eightieth of an acre each were sown with grain. Two were sown with Preston wheat, two with Mensury barley, and two with Banner oats. One plot in each case had common red clover sown with the grain at the rate of 12 pounds per acre, the other had no clover. These plots were adjoining those of a similar test with oats and Indian corn, and the soil was of the same character and liad received the same preparation. After the grain was harvested in 1900, the clover was allowed to grow until the following season, and was ploughed under about the middle of May, by which time it had made a very heavy growth. The variety of potato chosen for tlus test was the Everett, which was planted on May 23, in rows 3 feet apart, and dug October 4. The results were as follows : — Variety Everett. Everett potato planted after, Preston wheat, no clover Preston wheat, with clover.. Mensury b.irley, no clover. .. Mensury barley, with clover. Banner oats, no clover Banner oats, with clover Yield per acre. Bush. Lbs . 396 40 440 396 420 381 20 411 20 The average gain of potatoes on the plots where the clover was grown, was 32 bushels 27 pounds per acre, being an increase of over 8 per cent. EFFECTS OF FERTILIZERS OxV SPRING WHEAT, OATS, CLOVER AND BROME GRASS. During the season of 1900, two series consisting in each case of sixteen one-eight- ieth acre plots were laid out, twelve of which in each set were treated with different, fertilizers, and the remaining four left as check plots which received no fertilizers. One set of these plots was sown with spring wheat of the variety known as Preston, another with a variety of oats known as Improved Ligowo. Two other series each consisting of nine plots were planned, one to be used for experiments with common red clover, and the other for the Awnless Brome grass Bromus inermis. The object in view in these tests is to gain information as to the effects on crops sown on land in a fair average condition of fertility, of superphosphate of lime and Thomas' phosphate, both used singly, also of superphosphate of lime with kainit and with kainit and nitrate of soda, and of Thomas phosphate with kainit, and with kainit and nitrate of soda. In the series of plots planned for wheat and oats, provision was also made for testing the relative value of barn-yard manure fresh and rotted, fresh slaked lime and nitrate of soda alone in the proportions of 100 and 200 pounds per acre with a check plot between them. In 1900 all these were reported on, but this year through a misunderstanding the last five plots in each of these series were not sown, liencc returns can only be given for nine plots in each case. The land chosen for this test was in a fairly good condition of tilth. The soil was a sandy loam which has been under cultivation since 18S7, and has been cropped each year since, with a suitable rotation of crops and has received a dressing of barn-yard manure about once in four years. The last application of manure was in 1897 when it received about 12 tons per acre. The land was cropped in 1899 with experimental grain in plots mostly barley. REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 39 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 It is proposed to grow the same crops on this land for a series of years, using the same fertilizer in the same quantities every second year. In this way it is hoped that some further information may he gained as to the effect of these different fertilizers when used singly and in combination on the important crops named. As this land was at the start in a fair average condition as to fertility, it may be regarded as re- presenting in a general way average sandy loams on farms properly worked. The fertilizers were applied in the spring of 1900, but none were used in 1901. The spring wheat and oats were both sown on May 4, and both were ripe on August- 5. RESULTS OF THE APPLICATION OF FERTILIZERS TO SPRING WHEAT. Name of Variety, Preston. Fertilizers used. Superphosphate, 400 lbs. per acre TliOinas' phosjihate, 400 lbs. per acre Thomas' phosphate, 800 lbs. per acre Check ^ SiThomas' phosphate, 400 lbs., kainit, 200 lbs. per acre Superphosphate, 400 lbs., kainit, 200 lbs. per acre Check . Thomas' phosphate, 400 lbs., kainit, 200 lbs., nitrate soda, 100 lbs. per acre Sujierphosphate, 400 lbs., kainit, 200 lbs., nitrate soda, 100 lbs. per acre Season of 1900. Yield of grain per acre. Bush. I.bs. 25 25 2G 26 24 20 26 20 20 20 40 40 40 20 Season of 1901. Yield of grain per acre. liush. Lbs. 26 30 28 26 24 24 27 26 24 40 40 40 20 40 40 Weight of straw per • acre. Lbs. 2,800 2,240 2,480 2,400 2,000 2,000 1,960 2,240 2,120 RESULTS OF THE APPLICATION OF FERTILIZERS TO OATS. Name of Variety, Improved Ligowo. Fertilizers used. Superpho.sphate, 400 lbs. per acre Thomas' phosphate, 400 lbs. per acre Thomas' phosphate, 800 lbs. per acre. Check Thomas's phosphate, 400 lbs. kainit, 200 lbs. per acre Superphosphate, 400 lbs., kainit, 200 lbs. i)er acre Check Thomas' phosphate, 400 lbs., kainit, 200 lbs., nitrate soda, 100 lbs. per acre Superphosphate, 400 lbs., kfaiiit, 200 lbs., nitrate soda, 100 lbs. per acre Season of 1900. Yield of grain per acre. Bush. Lbs. 70 72 72 75 70 7.3 73 68 20 22 22 10 20 18 13 20 Season of 1901 Yield of grain per acre. Bush. Lbs. 47 51 45 42 40 40 42 49 51 20 26 30 12 12 14 26 Weight of straw per acre. Lbs. 3000 3280 2920 24U0 2240 2560 2800 3200 3680 In both these series of tests the two check plots to which no fertilizers have been applied have given crops of grain averaging as large as those on which fertilizers have been used. The crops of straw, however, average heavier on the plots which were fer- tilized. This would seem to indicate that the land still contains as much available plant food as the crops could utilize for grain production under the conditions prevail- ing during these two seasons. With the partial exhaustion which successive crops will produce, the relative usefulness of the several fertilizers will probably be more clearly shown. 40 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 On tlie plots used for the tests of common red clover the seed was sown in the spring of 1900, in the proportion of 12 pounds per acre, and on the plots for brome grass the seed was also sown in the spring of 1900, in the proportion of 20 pounds per acre. The growth, both of clover and brome grass, was strong on all these plots. RESULTS OF THE APPLICATION OF FERTILIZERS TO CLOVER. Fertilizers used. I Lenp:th I of clover, 1st cutting Length of clover. 2nd cutti'g Inches. 1 Superphosphate, 4C0 lbs. per, acre . . '. : 34 — 36 2 Thomas' phosphate, 400 lbs. | I per acre = 32 — 34 3|Thomas' phosphate, 800 lbs.J I per acre i 30 — 40 4 Check .. 32—34 5 Thomas' phosphate, 400 lbs. I kainit, 200 lbs per acre. . . 32 — 34 6 Superphosphate, 400 Ibs.kai- i nit, 200 lbs. per acre ; 3G — 3S TJCheck ' 32-34 8:Thoinas' ph^phate, 400 lbs. kainit, 200TI»ft. nitrate soda I 100 lbs. per acre '. 38—40 9 Superphosphate, 400 lbs. kai- I nit, 200 lljs. nitrate soda,' 100 lbs. per acre 34—33 Yield per acre green 1st cutting. Yield per Yield per acre cured acre green 1st cutting. 2nd cutting. Yield per acre cured 2nd cutting. Inches. Tons. Lbs , 18—20 17—19 17—10 19-21 19—21 19-21 16-18 18-20 14 14 1,440 13 1,680 13 720 19—21 13 1,840 13 1,280 12 1,000 13 . ICO 12 9G0 Tons. Lbs. Tons. Lbs iTons. Lbs 1,080 1,920 1,440 960 1,040 1,040 1,200 3 1,120 3 . 1,040 l,.o20 400 2 ID 1,920 1,0 !0 2 1,410 1 1,810 640 1,480 1,2S0 1,200 1,200 240 1,200 1,600 1.120 RESULTS OF THE APPLICATIOX OF FERTILIZERS TO AWXLESS BROME GRASS. (Bromus inermis.) Awnli'ss Brome Grass (Broinus incrnii.^). Fertilizers used. 1 1 Superphosphate, 400 lbs. per acre 2 Thomas' phosphate, 400 lbs. per acre 3 Tlionias' phosphate, 800 lbs. per acre 4 Check SiThomas' phosphate, 400 lbs. kainit, 200 lbs. per acre. 6 Superphosphate, 400 lbs., kainit, 200 lbs. per acre.. . . ; Check. 8, Thomas' phosphate, 400 lbs., kainit, 200 lbs., nitrate soda, 100 lbs. I ijer acre 9 Superi)hosi)hate, 400 lbs., kainit, 200 lbs., nitrate soda, 100 lbs. per acre . . Length of Brome Grass. Inches. 48—52 48—50 46-48 44—46 46-48 46—48 47-50 47—50 42-44 Yield per acre icreen. Tons. Lbs 1,840 480 800 240 1,120 1,920 7 560 5 1,440 Yield per acie cured. Tons. Lbs. 640 1,600 1.600 1,920 SOO 80 320 SCO 520 SPECIAL EXPEKIMENTS WITH FEKTILIZERS. In the annual report of the Exi^erimental Farms for 1893, details were given on pages 8 to 21 of the results of a series of tests which were carried on during the pre- vious five or six years with the object of gaining information regarding the eifects which follow the application of certain fertilizers and combination of fertilizers on the more important farm crops. The particulars there given covered the results of six years' experience with crops of wheat and Indian corn and five years' experience with REPORT OF TEE DIRECTOR 41 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 crops of oats, barley, turnips and mangels. The results of similar tests conducted for three years with carrots and one year with sugar beets were also given. These experiments have been continued; and as explanatory regarding the pre- parations made and the general plan together with the way in which they have been carried on, the following paragraphs are quoted from the report of 1893 : — ' A piece of sandy loam more or less mixed with clay, which was originally covered with heavy timber, chiefly white pine, was chosen for' these tests. The timber was cut many years ago, and among the stumps still remaining when the land was purchased, there had sprung up a thick second growth of trees, chiefly poplar, birch and maple, few of which exceeded 6 inches in diameter at the base. Early in 1887, this land was cleared by rooting up the young trees and stumps and burning them in piles, on the ground from which they were taken, the ashes being afterwards distributed over the soil as evenly as possible, and the land ploughed and thoroughly harrowed. Later in the season it was again ploughed and harrowed, and most of it got into fair condition for cropping. ' The plots laid out for the experimental work with fertilizers were one-tenth of an acre each, 21 of which were devoted to experiments with wheat, 21 to barley, 21 to oats, 21 to Indian corn or maize, and 21 to experiments with turnips and mangels. It was not practicable to uniertake work on all the plots the first season. The tests were begun in 1888 with 20 plots of wheat and 16 of Indian corn, and in 18S9 all the series were completed excepting six plots of roots, Nos. 16 to 21 inclusive, which were avail- able for the work in 1890.' In all cases the plots in each series have been sown on the same day. ' In 1890 it was found that all the grain plots had become so weedy that the growth of the crops was much interfered with, and with the view of cleaning the land, one-half of each of the wheat and oat plots was sown with carrots in 1891, and one- half of each of the barley plots with sugar beets. In 1892 the other half of each plot in each of these series was sown with carrots. In 1893 it was thought desirable to con- tinue this cleaning process, and carrots were again sown on the half of the wheat and oat plots occupied with this crop in 1891, and also the lialf of the barley plots cropped with sugar beets that year.' In 1894, 1895, 1896, 1897 and 1898 the one-half of the oat plots were sown again v/ith carrots and the half of the plots devoted to wheat and barley were planted with potatoes. TREATMENT OF SOIL. ' The treatment of the soil on all the grain plots has been to gang-plough soon after harvest, and after the shed grain and weeds have well started to plough again later, about 7 inches deep. In spring the plots have been gang-ploughed once before applying the fertilizers, which are then scattered over the surface and harrowed with the smoothing harrow before sowing. On those plots where barn-yard manure has been used, the manure has been lightly ploughed under as soon as possible after it has been spread on the land and just before sowing. Wherever barn-yard manure is spoken of, it is understood to be a mixture of horse and cow manure in about equal proportions.' A summary of tliese permanent fertilizer plots is given each year, taking the aver- -age yield of the whole previous period, adding the results of the current year, and then giving the average yield for the full time. OBJECTS IN VIEW IN CONDUCTING THESE EXPERIMENTS. It should be distinctly understood that in establishing and conducting this series of experiments, the object in view has been to gain as much information as possible as to the actual effects of certain fertilizers and combinations of fertilizers on par- ticular crops. These experiments were never intended to serve as model test plots such 42 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 as farmers could copy to advantage in their general practice. On the contrary, to gain the information desired, it has been found necessary to use some fertilizers in extra- vagant quantities, and in other instances to more or less exhaust the soil by a succes- sion of crops of the same sort, practices which in ordinary farming would be detri- mental. Nevertheless, much useful information has been acquired, some of a positive and some of a negative character, by this long-conducted and extensive series of tests. The information now gained from jear to year throws light in many ways on the ac- tion of fertilizers and is increasingly useful. VALUABLE INFORMATION GAINED. As results of these trials, it has been shown that barn-yard manure can be most economically used in the fresh or unrotted condition; that fresh manure is equal, ton for ton, in crop-producing power to rotted manure, which, other experiments have shown, loses during the process of rotting about 60 per cent of its weight. In view of the vast importance of making the best possible use of barn-yard manure, it is diffi- cult to estimate the value of this one item of information. At the time when these experiments were planned, the opinion was very generally held that untreated mineral phosphate, if very finely ground, was a valuable fertilizer, which gradually gave up its phosphoric acid for the promotion of plant growth. Ten years' experience has shown that mineral phosphate, untreated, is of no value as a fertilizer. The use of sulphate of iron, which at the time these tests were begun, was highly recommended by an authority at that time eminent, as a reliable means of producing increased crops, has also been proven to be almost useless for this purpose. Common salt, which has long had a reputation with many farmers for its value as a fertilizer for barley, while others disbelieved in its efficacy, has been shown to be a most valuable agent for producing an increased crop of that grain, while it is of much less iise when applied to crops of spring wheat or oats. Land plaster or gypsum has also proven to be of some value as a fertilizer for barley, while of very little service for wheat or oats. Some light has also been thrown on the relative useful- ness of single and combined fertilizers. CHANGES MADE IN THE EXPERIMENTS. After ten years' experience had demonstrated that finely-ground, untreated mineral phosphate was of no value as a fertilizer, its use was discontinued in 1898. Prior to this it had been, used in each set of plots in Nos. 4, 5, 6, 7 and in No. 8 also, in all the diflFerent series of plots, excepting roots. In 1898 and 1899, similar weights of the Thomas' phosphate was used in place of the mineral phosphate, excepting in plot 6 in each series. In this plot the Thomas' phosphate was used in 1898 only. After constant cropping for ten or eleven years, it was found that the soil on those plots to which no barn-yard manure had been applied was much depleted of humus, and hence its power of holding moisture had been lessened and the conditions, for plant growth, apart from the question of plant food, had on this account become less favourable. In 1899 the experiments were modified and an effort made to restore Bome proportion of the humus and at the same time gain further information as to the value of clover as a collector of plant food. In the spring of that year ten pounds of red clover seed per acre was sown with the grain on all the plots of wheat, barley and oats. The clover seed germinated well, and after the grain was cut the young clover plants made rapid growth, and by the middle of October there was a thick mat of foliage varying in height and density on the different plots, which was ploughed under. The growing of carrots and potatoes on one half of the cereal plots has been discon- REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 43 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 tinned since 1898, and each plot of the wheat, barley and oats has occupied the full tenth of an acre. In 1900 and 1901 clover was again sown on all the grain plots, which produced a good growth during the season and was ploughed under in October. APPLICATIOX OF FERTILIZEnS DISCONTINUED. ' Another direction in which information was sought was in reference to the length of time which a liberal application of barn-yard manure would continue to affect sub- sequent crops, and in 1899 on plots 1, 2 and 6 the barn-yard manure, which had been used for ten or eleven years in succession, was discontinued. The phosphate fertilizer was also omitted on plot 6 in each series. In 1900 all the fertilizers on all the plots were discontinued, and it is proposed to continue to grow the same crops on all these plots from year to year without ferti- lizers for some years, sowing clover with the grain each season. In this way it is expected that much information will be gained as to the value of clover as a collector of plant food, and also as to the unexhausted values of the different fertilizers which have been used on these plots since the experiments were begun. SPECIAL TREATMENT OF PLOTS OF INDIAN CORN AND ROOTS. As it was not practicable to sow clover to advantage on the Indian corn and root plots, the sowing of these latter crops was discontinued in the spring of 1900 and clover sown in their place in the proportion of 12 pounds per acre, and no fertilizers were applied. The clover on these plots made strong growth, so strong as to necessi- tate twice cutting during the season, the cut clover being left on the ground in each case to decay and add to the fertility of the soil, and was left over for furtiher growth in the spring of 1901, and ploughed under for the roots about May 10, and for corn about the middle of that month. Then roots and Indian corn were again sown. This course will be continued for some years, growing Indian corn and roots every second year, and common red clover the alternate season. No fertilizers were applied in 1900 or 1901, and it is proposed to discontinue their use entirely for some years, so that the effect on these crops of the ploughing under of clover every second year may be care- fully studied under the varying conditions presented by these more or less exhausted plots. WHEAT PLOTS. The seed sown on each of these plots from the beginning has been in the propor- tion of 1| bushels per acre, excepting in 1894; and the varieties used were as follows: — In 1888-89-90 and 1891, White Kussian, and in 1892-3, Campbell's White Chaff. In 1894, the Rio Grande wheat was used, v/hen, owing to lack of germinating power in the seed, a larger quantity was required. In 1895, 1896, 1897, 1898, 1899, 1900 and 1901 Red Fife wheat was used in the usual quantity of 1^ bushels per acre. In 1901, the Red Fife was sown April 30, came up May 8, and was ripe from August 10 to 12. The season of 1901 has not been specially favourable for the growing of spring wheat at Ottawa, and the fact that all the plots have increased in yield notwithstanding that the fertilizers have been all discontinued for the past two years seems to show that the ploughing under of the green clover is having a beneficial effect. This influ- ence is very evident on the check plots which have been unmanured from the beginning where the increase both in grain and straw is remarkable. 41 EXPEniMEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 EXPERIMENTS WITH FERTILIZERS ON PLOTS OF WHEAT y^oTH ACRE EACH. ^ Fertilizers applied each Year from 1888 to 1898 or 1899. No fertilizers used since. Clover sown in 1899 and each year since with the grain and ploughed under in tlie Autumn. Average Yield FOR Thirteen Years. Yield of Grain. Per acre. Bush. lbs. Yield of Straw. Per acre 10 Barn-j-ard manure (mixed horse and cow manure) wjiU rotted, 12 tons per acre in 1888 ; 15 tons per acre each year after to 1893 inclusive. No manure has been applied since then Barn-yard manure (mixed horse and cow manure) fresh, 12 tons per acre in 1888 ; 15 tons per acre each year after to 1898 inclusive. No manure has been applied since then Unmanured from the beginning Mineral phosphate, untreated, finely ground, 500 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1 888 to 1897 inclusive. In 1898 and 1899 a similar weight of the Thomas' Phosphate was used. No fertilizers have been applied since then Mineral i3hosphate,untreated, finely ground, 500 lbs., nitrate of soda, 200 lbs. per acre used each year from 1888 to 1897 inclusive. In 1898 and 1899 500 lbs. of the Thomas' Phosphate was used in place of the mineral phosphate. No fertilizers liave been ap- plied since then Barn-yard manure, partly rotted and ac- tively fermenting, 6 tons' per acre ; mineral phosphate, imtreated, finely ground, 500 lbs. per acre, composted to- gether, intimately mixed and allowed to heat for sevei-al days before using, applied each year from 1888 to 1897 inclusix e. In 1898 500 lbs. of Thomas' Phosphate was used in place of the mineral phosjthate. No fertilizers have been applied since then. Mineral phosjihate, untreated, finely ground, 600 lbs.; nitrate of soda, 200 lbs.; wood ashes, unleached, 1,000 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1888 to 1897 inclusive. In 189S and 1899 500 lbs. of the Tliomas' Phosphate was used in place of the mineral phosphate. No fertilizers have been ap plied since then Mineral phosphate, untreated, finely ground, 500 lbs., wood ashes, unleached, 1,1500 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1888 to 1897 inclusive. In 1898 and 1899 500 lbs. of the Thomas' Phosphate was used in jilace of the mineral pho.sphate. *No fertilizers have been applied since then Mineral superphosphate. No. 1, 500 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1888 to 1899 in- clusive. No fertilizers have been applied since then Mmeral sui^erphosjihate, No. 1, 350 lbs.; nitrate of soda, 200 lbs. per acre, u.sed each year from 1888 to 1899 inclusive. No fertilizers have been appliiid siuce then. 21 26/3 22 10 33}^ 10 45 12 33ii 18 4C1H 12 46 j^ 10 49/; 11 12 53i«5 Lbs. 3,965 4,007 1,873 2,027 2,855 14th Season-, 1901, Variety Red Fife. Yield of Grain. Per acre. Bush, lbs, 26 50 28 45 17 20 IS 15 13 15 3,300 2,078 1,890 3,029 23 20 Yield of Straw. Per acre Lbs. 5,370 5,295 2.370 Average Yield FOR Fourteen Years. Yield of Grain. Yield of -Straw. Per acre. Bush. lbs. 21 49/j 22 14H 11 2H 2,785 I 11 17/; 2,825 2,510 16 50 14 35 15 50 14 40 4,575 3,885 ,145 2,420 2,745 12 3611 Per acre Lbs. 4,065 4,099 1,908 2,081 2,853 19 6/i 3,371 13 4 11 5/, 11 551j 13 hh 2,608 2,1.54 1,928 3,009 liEPORT OP THE DIRECTOR 45 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 EXPERIMENTS WITH FERTILIZERS ON PLOTS OF WHEAT j^jTH ACRE EXCR-Continued. Av EKAGE Yield 14th Season, 1901. Av ERAGE Yield FOR Varietv, FOB Thirteen YE.'iES. Red Fife. Fou rteen Years. Fertilizers applied each Year from 1888 to 1898 or 1899. No fertilizers used since. Clover sown in 1899 and each year since Yield Yield Yi eld Yield Yield Yield with the grain and ploughed under in tlie 0 f of of of c f_ of o o Autumn. Grain. Straw. Grain. Straw. Gn vin. Straw. Tev acre. Per acre Per acre. Per acre Per Bush acre. lbs. Per acre Bush . Ib.s. Lbs. Bush . lbs. Lbs. Lbs. 11 Mineral superphosphate, No. 1. 350 lbs. ; nitrate of soda, 200 lbs. ; wood ashes, un- leached, 1,500 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1888 to 1897 inclusive. No fertilizers - have been applied since then 14 16A 2,821 10 5 3,750 3,235 14 231? 2,887 12 Unmanured from the befjrinning 9 47A 1,8; 0 15 5 10 10 1,931 13 Bone, finely ground, 500 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1888 to 1899 inclusive. No 1 fertilizers have been applied since then. . 12 1 6 •■■13 1,905 16 5 2,750 12 18U 2,021 14 Bone, finely ground, 500 lbs. ; wood ashes, unleached, 1,500 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1888 to 1899 inclusive. No fertilizers have been applied since then . . 15 7l°T 2,474 15 — 3,800 15 7rt 2,573 15 Nitrate of soda, 200 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1888 to 1899 inclusive. No fertilizers have been applied since then . . 13 33,V 2,200 17 10 2,850 13 48ft 2,395 16 Muriate of potash, 150 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1888 to 1899 inclusive. No fertilizers have been applied since then . 15 21 2,134 17 30 2,870 15 30A 2,187 17 Sulphate of ammonia, 300 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1888 to 1899 inclusive. No fertilizers have been applied since then . . 12 24 2,343 15 50 2,720 12 38l'i 2,370 18 Sulphate of iron, 60 lbs. per acre, used eacli year from 1888 to 1899 inclusive. No fertilizers have been applied since then . . 12 27i% 1,874 14 20 2,090 12 sm 1,932 19 Common salt (Sodium chloride), 300 lb."?, per acre, used each year from 1888 to 1899 in- clusive. No fertilizers have been applied since then 13 251% 1,523 16 — 2,035 13 30 1,500 20 Land plaster or gypsum (Calcium sulphate), 300 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1888 to 1899 inclusive. No fertilizers have been applied since then ' 12 20/, 1,890 14 50 2,135 12 37 1,908 21 Mineral superphosphate. No. 2, 500 lbs. ])er acre, used each year from 1889 to 1899 in- clusive. No fertilizers have been used since then 12 42H 1,882 18 — 2,195 13 6 1,904 BAELEY PLOTS. The qiiantity of seed sown per acre on the barley plots was 2 bushels in 1889, 1890 and 1891, 1^ bushels in 1892 and 1893, and 2 bushels in 1894, 1895, 1896, 1897, 1898, 1899, 1900 and 1901. Two-rowed barley has been used for seed throughout the whole period. The varieties used were as follows: 1889, 1890 and 1891, Saale; 1892, Gold- thorpe; 1893, Duck-bill; and in 1894, 1895, 1896, 1897, 1898, 1899, 1900 and 1901, Cana- 46 EXPERIMEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 dian Thorpe, a selected form of the Duck-hill. In 1901 the Canadian Thorpe was sown on April 29, came up May 8, and was harvested from July 25 to 30. EXPERIMENTS WITH FERTILIZERS ON PLOTS OF BARLEY, ^'jTH ACRE EACH. Fertilizers applied each year from 1889 to 1898 or 1899. No fertilizers used since. Clover sown in 1899 and each year since with the grain and ploughed under in the Autunm. Barn-yard manure, well rotted, 15 tons per acre eaeh year to 1898, inclusive. No manure has been applied since then Barn-yard manure, fresh, 15 tons per acre, each year to 1898, inclusive. No manure has been applied since then 3 Unmanured from tlie beginning 4' Mineral phosphate, untreated, finely ground, 500 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1888 to 1897, inclusive. In 1898 and 1899 a similar weight of the Thomas' phosphate was used, no fertilizers have been applied since then 5 Mineral phos])hate, untreated, finely ground, 500 lbs., nitrate of soda, 200 lbs. per acre, used eacli year from 1888 to 1897, inclusive. In 1898 and 1899 500 lbs. of the Thomas' phosphate was used in place of the mineral phosjjhate. No fertilizers have been applied since then 6 Barn-5'ard manure, partly rotted and ac- tively fermenting, 6 tons per acre ; mineral phosphate, untreated, finely groimd, 500 lbs. per acre, composted to- gether, intimately mixed and allowed to heat for several days before using, applied each year from 1888 to 1897, inclusive. In 1898 500 lbs. of the Thomas' phosphate was used in place of the mineral phosphate. No fertilizers iiave been applied since then. Mineral phosphate, untreated, finely ground, 500 lbs., nitrate of soda, 200 lbs.; wood ashes, unleached, 1,000 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1888 to 1897, inclusive. In 1898 and 1899 500 lbs. of the Thomas' phosphate was used in jilace of the min- eral phosphate. No fertilizers have been applied since t'len . , , Mineral phosphate, untreated, finelyground, 500 lbs., wood ashes, unleached, 1,500 lbs. ]>er acre, used each year from 188S to 1 897, inclusi ve.' In 189 S and 1 899 500 lbs. of the Thomas' jihospliate was used in )>lace of the mineral phosphate. No fer- tilizers have been ajjplied since then Mineral superphosphate, No. 1, .500 lbs. per acre used each year from 1888 to 1899. inclusive. No fertilizers have been ajjplied since then Mineral superphosjihate. No. 1, 350 lbs.; nitrate of soda, 200 lbs. per acre, used each year from 188« to 1899, inclusive. No fertilizers have been applied since then. Bush. AvKRAGK 13th Season, 1901. Average Yield YiELIJ FOB TWELVEi VaKIKTY, FOR Years. Canadian Thorpe. Thirteen Years. Y^ield of Grain. Per acre. 34 35 13 10 19 20 28 lbs. 5;> 14 7^ 20 13jV Yield of Straw. Per acre Yield of Grain. Lbs. 3,019 3,108 1,512 1,430 2,235 27 38A 24 21 1?, 31 x^ SO,". 13 At Per acre. Bush. lbs. 29 28 28 26 10 15 2,402 1,712 1,807 14 13 1,C35 Yield of Straw. Yield of Grain. Per acre' Per acre. Yield of Straw. Lbs. 3,045 3,155 1,120 21 12 2,377 22 34 1,850 2,605 Bush. lbs. I 34 23 .V! 34 35,\ 12 421 » I Per acre Lbs. 3,021 20 IGi'j 27 19H 27 24 1,785 ] 24 . 321% 18 46 14 33 1,915 19 29^ 1,105 20 ii\ 2,357 IS 1 2,7."5 27 23/ 3,195 1,482 14 7\i\ 1,440 205 2,394 2,355 1,729 1,753 2,388 REPORT OF TEE DIRECTOR .47 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 EXPERIMENTS WITH FERTILIZERS ON PLOTS OF BARLEV, ,\th ACRE EACH. Fertilizers applied each year, from 1889 to 1898 or 1899. No fertilizers used since. Clover sown in 1899 and each year since with the grain and ploughed under in the Autumn. AVERAGK Yield for Twelve Years. Mineral superphosphate, No. 1, 350 lbs.; nitrate of soda, 200 lbs. j wood ashes, unleached, 1,500 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1888 to 1899, inclusive. No fertilizers have been applied s'ince then. . LTnmanured from the beginning Bone, finely ground, 500 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1888 to 1899 inclusive. No fertilizers have been applied since then. . Bone, finely ground, 500 lbs.; wood ashes, unleached, 1,500 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1888 to 1899 inclusive. No fertilizers have been applied since then. . Nitrate of soda, 200 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1888 to 1899 inclusive. No fertilizers have been applied since then. . Muriate of potash, 150 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1888 to 1899 inclusive. No fertilizers have been applied since then. . Sulphate of ammonia, 300 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1888 to 1899 inclusive. No fertilizers have been applied since then. . Sulphate of iron, 60 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1888 to 1899 inclusive. No fertilizers have been applied since then . . Common salt (Sodium chloride), 300 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1888 to 1899 in- clusive. No fertilizers have been applied since then Land plaster or gypsum (Calcium sulphate), 300 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1888 to 1899 inclusive. No fertilizers have been applied since then Mineral superphosphate. No. 2, 500 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1889 to 1899 in- clusive. No fertilizers have been applied since then. Yield of Grain. Yield of Straw. Per acre. Bush. lbs. 26 12 43/., 13 43 fi. 22 21 22 18 17 27 19 20 32,\ 42/W 6^. 31 H 44i§ 26H 281S 8^ Per acre Lbs. 2, .'-.06 1,215 1,419 2,040 2,329 1,827 1,933 1,692 2,016 1,605 1,794 13th Season, 1901. Variety, Canadian Thorpe. Yield of Grain. Per acre. Bush. lbs. 19 8 10 10 12 19 21 2 18 1 20 30 10 7 13 46 21 22 19 13 17 19 Yield of Straw. Average Yield for Thirteen Years. Yield of Grain. Per acre Per acre. Yield , of Straw. Per acre Lbs. I Bush. lbs. 2,220 1,495 1,505 2,180 2,400 2,035 2,135 1,540 1,810 1,300 1,175 25 32t*, 12 33X 13 37/j 22 26iV 21 28rt 22 t:\ 18 22/^ 17 SOft 27 4^ 19 27t% 19 40 ^ Lbs. 2,484 1,237 1,430 2,051 2,334 1,843 1,949 1,680 1,846 1,582 1,746 OAT PLOTS. The quantity of seed sown per acre on the oat plots, was 2 bushels in 1889 and 1890; IJ bushels in 1891, 1892 and 1893, and 2 bushels in 1894, 1895, 1896, 1897, 1898, 1899, 1900 and 1901. The varieties used were as follows: In 1889, Early English; in 1890, 1891, 1892, 1893, Prize Cluster; and in 1894, 1895, 1896, 1897, 1898, 1899, 1900 and 1901, Banner. In 1901 the Banner was sown April 30, came up May 8, and the plots were harvested from August 1 to 5. 48 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 "EXPERIMENTS WITH FERTILIZERS OX PLOTS OF OATS, ^\. ACRE EACH. Average Yield ,13th Se.\sox, lOOl.i FOR I Varfety, I Twelve Years, i Baxneu. Average Yield FOR Thirteen Years. Fertilizers applied each Year, from 1880 to 1S9S or IS'M. No fertilizers used since. Clover sown in 1890 and each year since with the grain and ploughed under in the Autumn. Yield of Grain. Yield of Straw. Yield of Grain. Yield of Straw. Yield of Grain. Per acre. Per acre Per acre. Per acre Per acre. i I I Yield of Straw. Per acre 18^ 33 rV 3,372 1,523 1,688 2,679 , Bush. l|Bam-yard manure, ■well rotted, lo tons peri acre each year to 1898 inclusive. No! manure has been applied since then 1 50 2]Bam-yard manure, fresh, 15 tons per acre! each year to 189S inclusive. No manure has been applied since then 55 3 Unmanured from the beginning 31 4 Mineral phosphate, untreated, finely ground, 500 lbs. per acre, used each vear from 1888 to 1897, inclusive. In 1S9S and 1899 a similar weight of the Thomas' phosphate was used. No fertilizers have been ap- plied since then '. 31 22/; Mineral phosphate, untreated, finely ground, 500 lbs. nitrate of soda, 200 lbs. pur acre, \ised each year from 1883 to 1897, in- clusive. In 1803 and 1899 500 lbs of the Thomas' phosphate was used in place of the mineral phosphate. No fertilizers have been applied since then 48 32y-j Barn-yard manure, partly rotted and ac- tively fermenting, 6 tons per acre; min- eral phosphate, untreated, finely ground, 500 lbs. per acre, cc^mposted together, in- timately mixed and allowed to heat for several days before using, applied each year from 1888 to 1897, inclusive. In 1898 500 lbs. of Thomas' phosi)hate was used in place of the mineral jihosphate. No fertilizers have been applied since then Mineral phosphate, untreated, finely ground, 500 lbs.; nitrate of soda, 200 lbs.; wood ashes, unleached, 1,000 lbs. per acre, used each vear from 1888 to 1897, inclusive. In 1898 and 1899 500 lbs. of the Thomas' phosi)liate was used in place of the min- eral phosphate. No fertilizers have been applied since then 47 29j Mineral phosphate, untreated, finely ground, 500 11 >s.; wood ashes, unleached, 1,500 11)S. per acre used each year from 1888 to 1897, inclusive. In 1898 and 1899 500 lbs. of the Thomas' jjhosphate was used in jilace of the mineral (ihosphate. No fertilizers have Ijeen apjilied since then 9 Mineral superphosjihate. No. 1, 500 lbs. per acre, used each yf-ar from 1888 to 1.^99, inclusive. No fertilizers have been used since then . . 30 14fV 10 Mineral superphosi)hate. No. 1, 350 lbs.; nitrate of soda, 200 lbs. per acre, used eaf;h year from 1888 to 1899, inclusive. No fertilizers have been applied since then . . 47 11 Mineral super pho-sjihate. No. 1, 350 lbs, nitrate of soda, 200 lbs. ; wood ashes, unk'.iched, 1,500 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1888 to 1897, inclusive. No fertilizers havebeen applied since then. . .1 36 31 /j 2,414 lbs. Lbs. iBush. Ibs.j Lbs. 'Bush. lbs. 2610;! 3,168 ' 52 22 , 3,790 50 31,-, 7H 2,615 3,150 ■■^ 1,930 2,731 53 18 48 3 48 28 51 31 53 23 50 31 41 6 2,371 51 24 42 2 45 25 49 29 3,805 2,035 2,600 2,000 3,570 3,415 3,170 2,1.55 2,595 55 ISy". 33 7/s 32 33 ^j 49 ol, 47 24A 48 19i^ 42 7^ Lbs. 3,210 3,40.^. 1,009 1.7GJ 2,r.73 27 55 37 31 f 3* 2,410 2,688 3,170 2,432 30 29i'v 1,947 47 3/s 2,721 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 49 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 EXPERIMENTS WITH FERTILIZERS ON PLOTS OF OATS, ^5 ACRE EACH-Con O _ O -«•-' oj C (D (D P-l ^ bO I5 o ° bo J. -c» Per acre 1 Barn-yard manure (mixed horse and cow manure) well rotted, 12 tons per acre, each year from 1888 to 1898 inclusive. No manure has been applied since then . . 2 Barn-yard manure (mixed horse and cow manure) fresh, 12 tons per acre each year from 1888 to 1898 inclusive. No manure has been applied since then 3 Unmanured from the beginning 4'Mineral phosphate, untreated, finely ground, 800 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1888 to 1897 inclusive. In 1898 and 1899 a similar weight of the Thomas' Phos- phate was used. No fertilizers have been applied since then Mineial phosphate, untreated, finely ground, 800 lbs., nitrate of soda, 200 lbs. per acre, used each vear from 1888 to 1897 inclusive. In 1898 and 1899, 800 lbs. of the Thomas' Phosphate was used in place of the mineral phosphate. No fertilizers have been aj^plied since then. 6 Barn-yard manure, partly rotted and ac- tively fermenting, 6 tons per acre; mineral phosphate, untreated, finely ground, 500 lbs. per acre, composted together, intim- ately mixed and allowed to heat for several days before using, applied each year from 1888 to 1897 inclusive. In 1898 500 lbs. of Thomas' Phosphate was used in place of the mineral phosphate. No fertilizers have been applied since then.. . Mineral phosphate,untreated, finely ground, 500 lbs. ; nitrate of soda, 200 lbs. ; wood ashes, unleached, 1,000 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1888 to 1897 inclusive. In 1898 and 1899 500 lbs. of the Thomas" Phosphate was used in place of the mineral phosphate. No fertilizers have been applied since then fe c S o -w-a ;oo O 05 0) E ^ bb Per acre Tons lbs. Tons lbs Tons lbs. Tons lbs Tons lbs. [Tons lbs 15 1,233 Ifi 1,323 7 323 6 1,840 10 932 12 131 10 23 1,810 1,809 410 305 8 1,408 17 9 100 520 21 200 16 508 18 1,G00 22 100 1,480 1,810 12 1,521 15 1,320 16 1,740 15 1,534 11 120 14 l,347il0 1.380 16 1,38311 7 646 7 1,068 11 714 25 810 24 10 25 1,02019 1,210 800 672 75 9 664 16 1,017 15 1,014 12 112 11 752 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 51 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 EXPERIMENTS WITH FERTILIZERS, ON PLOTS OF INDIAN CORN— Conc^woW. Fertilizers applied each year, from 1888 to 18% or 1899. No fertilizers used since. Clover sown in 1900 in place of the corn and ploughed under in Maj', 1901, before the corn was planted. Average Yield FOR Twelve Years. o O Hr .J- "•-1 o © Per acre Tons lbs I.Sth Season-, 1001. - - O I' , > o FOR Thirtekn Years. O OJ 1, Per acre. _2 a> 3 rH ? bo Per acre 1^ 15 Mineral phosphate, untreated, finely ground, 500 lbs., wood ashes, un leached, 1,500 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1888 to 1899 inclusive, In 1898 and 1899 500 lbs. of tlie Thomas' Phosphate was used in place of the mineral phosphate. No fertilizers have been applied since then OJMineral superphosphate. No. 1, 500 lbs. per aura, used each year from 1888 to 1899 in elusive. No fertilizers have been applied since then 10 Mineral superphosphate. No. 1, 350 lbs.; nitrate of soda, 200 lbs. per acre, usedeacl year from 1888 to 1899 inclusive. No fertilizers have been applied since then. . 11 Mineral superphosphate. No. 1, 350 1V)S. ; nitrate of soda, 200 lbs. ; wood ashes, unleached, 1,500 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1888 to 1897 inclusive. No fertilizers have been applied since then. . Unmanured from the beginning Bone, finely ground, 500 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1888 to 1899 inclusive. No fertilizers have been applied since then. . Bone, finely ground 500 lbs. ; wood ashes, unleached, 1,500 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1888 to 1899 inclusive. No fertilizers have been applied since then. . Nitrate of soda, 200 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1888 to 1899 inclusive. No fertilizers have been applied since then . . 16!Sulphate of ammonia, 300 lbs. per acre, used I each year from 1X88 to 1899 inclusive. No ! fertilizers have been applied since then ITiMineral superphoshate. No. 1, 600 lbs. ; muriate of potash, 200 lbs. ; sulphate of ammonia, 150 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1889 to 1899 inclusive. No fertilizers have been applied since then. . ISjMuriate of potash, 300 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1889 to 1899 inclusive. No fertilizers have been applied since then 19j Double sulphate of potash and magnesia, 300 lbs. per acre in 1889 and 'dO ; (muriate of potash, 200,lbs., substituted each year since) ; dried blood, .300 lbs. ; mineral super- phosphate. No. 1, 500 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1889 to 1899, inclusive. No fertilizers have been applied since then.. 20 Wood ashes, unleached, 1,900 lbs. per acre, used each year fi-om 1889 to 1899 inclusive. No fertilizers have been applied since then. 21 Bone, finely ground, 500 lbs.; sul|)hate of ammonia, 200 lbs. ; miniate of potash, 200 lbs. per acre, used each year fi'om 1889 to 1899 inclusive. No fertilizers have been applied since then 16— 4i 11 279 10 2G4 12 1,854 8 4.50 24 5:022 1,G40 1,309 10 39 15 944 11 1,140 10 202 8 500 11 327 11 1,401 8 1,497 12 384 9 007 12 1,009 9 1,239 12 1,297 8 1,138 11 458 9 1,016 12 222 26 1,000 23 110 12 300 9 701 11 828! 8 1,073 25 20 20 1,200 13 1,71310 1,007 ?S 1,800 23 1,310 23 010:19 800 8 1,145; 24 70020 1,400 24 1,700^22 020 22 l,430'lS 800 23 000 20 300 8 1,773 5 1,534 7 1,225 0 1,841 10 1,010 12 1,005 11 233' 9 215 12 300 9 1,011 12 1,482 9 1,.583 25 1,59023 110 25 1,2G0!21 960 25 1,830123 940 26 800 22 1,.500 6 0921 23 750,21 840 13 662] 13 1,320 9 1,702 12 717 10 1,015 12 1,955 9 1,953 0 1,951 8 1,665 8 276 7 1,011 52 EXPERIMEyiAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 PLOTS OF MANGELS AXD TURXIPS. In conducting these experiments the roots only have been taken from the land, the tops have always been cut oif and left on the ground to be ploughed under, so that the plant food they have taken from the soil may be returned to it. One-half of each one- tenth acre plot in the series has been devoted to the growth of mangels, and the other half to turnips, and these crops have been alternated from year to year. The prepara- tion of the land has been the same for both these roots. It was ploughed in the au- tumn after the crop was gathered, gang-pleughed deeply in the spring after the barn- yard manure had been spread on plots 1, 2 and 6, and after gang-ploughing the other fertilizers were spread by scattering them evenly over the surface, after which it was all harrowed with the smoothing harrow, then made in ridges 2 feet apart, rolled and sown. In 1S89, the variety of mangel used was the Mammoth Long Red. In 1S90, three varieties were sown : 15 rows of Mammoth Long Red, 6 of Mammoth Long Yellow, and G of Golden Intermediate on each plot. In 1891, each plot again had three varieties: 18 rows of Mammoth Long Red, 3 of Yellow Fleshed Tankard, and C of Golden Tank- ard. In 1S92, 1S93, 1894, 1S95, 1896, 1897, 1898, 1899 and 1901, one variety only was used, namely, the Mammoth Long Red. About 4 pounds of seed were sown per acre each year. Two varieties of turnips were sown on the half plots devoted to these roots in 1889 ; 25 rows of Carters Prize Winner, and 2 rows of Carter's Queen of Swedes, and in 1890, a single variety. Carters Elephant Swede. In 1891, six varieties were sown ; 6 rows of Lord Derby Swede, 4 of Xew Giant King, 3 of Imperial Swede, 6 of Champion Swede, 4 of Purple Top Swede, and 4 of East Lothian Swede. In 1892 the Improved Puri^le Top Swede only was sown, in 1893 and 1894 the Prize Purple Top Sv/ede, in 1895 the Imperial Swede, and in 1896, 1897, 1898, 1899 and 1901 the Prize Purple Top Swede. The land used for the turnips, which are usually sown later than the mangel§, was prepared in the same manner and the fertilizers spread on it at the same time as for the mangels. It was then allowed to stand until the day before sowing, when it was gang-ploughed shallow or cultivated to kill weeds and loosen the soil, ridged, rolled and sown. About three pounds of seed were sown per acre. In 1900 no crops of mangels and turnips were grown, but clover was sown in their place on May 5 in the proportion of twelve pounds per acre. This made a strong growth, and was cut twice during the season, and left on the ground to decay so that when ploughed under the land might get the full benefit of the clover crop. The clover was allowed to remain growing until May 10, 1901, by which time it had made a very heavy gi'owth. It was then ploughed under about six inches deep and harrowed well, then made up into ridges two feet apart. These were rolled with a hand roller, which flattened the ridges considerably and made a firm, even seed bed. It is proposed to alternate the crops of clover and roots in this way for some years for the purpose of gaining information as to the fertilizing effect of crops of green clover ploughed under on land to be used for growing roots. In 1901 the mangels were sown on May 13, and pulled on October 14; the turnips were sown May 22, and pulled October 22. The j'ield per acre has been calculated in each case from the weight of roots gathered from two rows, each QQ feet long. REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 53 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 EXPERIMENTS WITH FERTILIZERS ON ROOTS; PLOTS OF MANGELS AND TURNIPS Atu acre each. Fertilizers a]>plied rach Year from 188!) to 1808 or 18<)0. No fertili- zers used since. Clover sown in 1900 in place of the roots and plouglied under in ]\Iay, 1901, be- foi'e the roots were sown. Barn-yard mamire (mixed horse and cow manure) well rotted, 20 tons per acre each year from 1889 to 1898 inclusive. No manure has been applied since then Barn-yard manure (mixed horse and cow manure) fresh, 20 tons per acre each year from 18S9 to 1898 inclusive. No manure has been applied since then , Unmanured from the beginning Mineral phos})hate, untreated, finely ground, 1,000 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1889 to 1897, in- clusive. In 1898 and 1899 a similar weight of the Thomas' Phosphate was used. No fertilizers have been applied since then Mineral phosphate, untreated, finely ground, 1,000 lbs., nitrate of soda, 250 lbs. wood ashes, unleached, 1,000 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1889 to 1897 inclusive. In 1898 and 1899, 500 lbs. of the Tho- mas Phosphate was used in place of the mineral i>hosphate. No fer til izers ha ve been applied since then. Barn-yard manure, partly rotted and actively fermenting, 6 tons per acre ; mineral pho.sphate untreated, finely ground, 1,000 lbs. per acre, composted together, intimately mixed and allowed to heat for several days before using, applied each year from 1889 to 1897 inclu- sive. In 1898 1,000 lbs. of Thomas' Phosphate was used in place of the mineral phosphate. No ferti- zers have been applied since then. . Mineral phosphate, untreated, finely ground, 1,000 lbs.; sulphate of potash, 200 lbs. in 1889 and 1890 (substituted by muriate of potash, 250 lbs. in 1891 and subsequent years) ; nitrate of soda, 200 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1889 to 1S97 inclusive. In 1898 and 1899 1,000 lbs. of the Thomas' Phosphate was used in place of the mineral phosi)hate. No fertilizers have been appli<»d since then Mineral su|)erphosphate. No. 1, 500 lbs.; sulphate of potash, 200 lbs. in 1889 and 1890 (substituted by mur iate of potash, 250 lbs. in 1891 and subsequent years) ; nitrate of soda, 200 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1889 to 1899 inclusive. No fertilizers have been applied since then Average Yikld FOK Eleven Years. IS [angels. Weight of Roots. Per Acre. Tons. lbs. 22 1,17J 21 1,090 8 1,587 8 644 13 1,7.32 17 1,799 10 1,472 13 1,725 Turnips, Weight of Roots. Per Acre. Tons. lbs. 15 183 15 607 G 1,863 7 593 9 1,430 12Tn Season, 1901. Varieties. West Half East Half Plot. Plot. Mangels, Mammoth Long Rsd: Weight of Roots. Per Acre. Tons. lbs. 22 160 21 9 1 500 ,610 940 19 350 Average Yield FOR Twelve Year.s. Turnips, Purple Top Swede : Weight of Roots. Per Acre. Tons. lbs. 21 320 Mangels, Weight of Roots. Per Acre. Tons. lbs. 1,089 1,590 1,820 14 1,520 13 1,130 Ton?, lbs. 15 1,194 1,041 1,756 14 617 13 530 20 1,380 11 1,800 9 1,012 11 1,730 16 440 13 820 10 1,650 15 1,720 18 264 11 386 13 1,649 Turnips, Weight of Roots. Per Acre. 15 1,.522 809 1,837 10 77 13 308 9 1,232 12 396 54 EIPERniEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 EXPERIMENTS WITH FERTILIZERS ON ROOTS ; PLOTS OF MANGELS AND TURl^lVS— Concluded. Fertilizers applied each Year from 18:19 to 1898 or 1899. No fertilizers used since. Clover sown in 1900 in place of the roots and ploughed under in ISIaj', 1900, before the roots were sown. AvERAOE Yield FOR Eleven Years. Manjjels, Wbight of Rt>ots. Turfiips, Weight of Roors. 12th Season, 1901, Varieties. West Half Plot. Mangels, JNIammoth Long Red : Weiglit of Roots. Per Acre. ; Per Acre. Per Acre. East Half Plot. Average Yield FOR Twelve Years. Turnips, PurpleTop Mangels, | Turnips, Swede : iWeight of.Weight of Weight ofi Roots. Roots. Roots. I Per Acre. ; Per Acre. 10 II g'Mineral superphosphate, No. 1, 500 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1889 to 1899 inclusive. No fertili- zers have been applied since then. . Nitrate of soda, 300 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1889 to 1899 inclusive. No fertilizers have been applied since then Sulphate of ammonia, 300 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1889 to 1899 inclusive. No fertilizers have been applied since then 12 tlnmanured from the beginning 13 Bone, finely ground, 500 lbs.; wood ashes, unleached, 1,000 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1889 to 1899 inclusive. No fertilizers have been applied since then . Wood ashes, unleached, 2,000 lb.s. per acre, used each year from 1889 to 1899 inclusive. No fertilizers have been applied since then Common salt (Sodium chloride) 400 lbs. per acre, used each j'ear from 1889 to 1899 inclusive. No fertilizers have been ai^plied since then . Mineral superphosphate. No. 1, 500 lbs.; nitrate of soda, 200 lbs. per acre, \ased each year from 1889 to 1899 inclusive. No fertilizers have been applied since then Mineral superphosphate, No. 1, 350 lbs ; wood ashes, unleached, 1,500 1V)S per acre, used each year from 18S9 to 1899 inclusive. Nofertiliz ers have been api)lied since then . , Mineral superphosphate. No. 1, 500 lbs.; muriate of potash, 200 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1889 to 1899 inclusive. No feitilizers have been applied since then Double sulphate of potash and mag- nesia, SOO lbs. per acre in 1889 and 1890 (muriate of potash, 200 lbs., substituted each year since) ; dried blood, 2.50 lbs.; mineral superphos phate, No. 1, 500 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1SS9 to 1899 inclu- sive. No fertilizers have been ap- plied since then Wood ashes, unlgacbed, 1,500 lbs.; common salt (Sodium chloride), 300 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1889 to 1899 inclusive. No fertiliz- ers have been applied since then. . . Mineral superphosphate. No. 2, 500 lbs. i>er acre, used each year from 1889 to 1899 inclusive. No fertiliz- ers have been applied since then. . . Tons. lbs.;Tons. lbs. 'Tons. lbs. Tons. lbs. Tons. lbs. 14 10 7 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 14 120i 8 l,327i 10 770, 15 1,180 9 5201 9 134 13 220 15 700 14 341 328 145 10 667| 12 8G0 16 1,2.50 12 354 6 1,677 7 1,490. 11 1,340 7 Per Acre. Tons. lbs. 9 481 9 1,181 10 196 10 1,508 961 13 589 538; 10 1,715 449 7 482 8 616 12 1,950! 13 850 12 675' 8 1,469 7 1,107 13 40| 13 1,060; 10 1,886 7 2i; 12 680 12 OOOi 9 1,437 10 m 10 600; 17 1,080 12 985 9 31 16 660 20 690 12 415 13 1,150 202 14 1,190 9, 1,900 19 60 19 200 11 737i 20 1,460 10 183 20 700 10 903: 16 600 17 1,950 13 173 12 1,624 8 103 7 927 10 1,908 9 1,919 12 1,.552 10 1,425 14 342, 11 1,838 19 53)i 14 1,244 1,482 17 680 14 10 1,712 11 51 REPORT OF TEE DIRECTOR 55 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 DISTKIBUTION OF SAMPLES OF SEED GRAIN, ETC., TO FAEMERS FOR TRIAL. Another distribution was made in the spring of 1901, consisting of samples of the most promising sorts of oats, spring wheat, barley, pease, Indian corn and potatoes. By the careful growing of one of these samples, the product will soon be sufficient to sow a large area, and thus in a short time the farmer can provide himself with some of the best sorts, without cost beyond that of his own labour. From the large number of appreciative letters received from farmers who have had these samples and have grown from them the seed grain they are now using on their farms, it is evi- dent that this branch of the work of the experimental farms is doing a vast amount of good, and is rapidly accomplishing the object for which it was instituted, namely, the general introduction among farmers throughout the Dominion of the best and most productive sorts of these important farm crops. Another proof of the appreciation in which this distribution is held is the very large demand each year for such samples. The samples sent out from the Central Experimental Farm during the early months of 1901 were distributed as follows : — - Name of Grain. ■A .3 o o CO > O m G 6 *t- c O c4 S Q u 05 Oats Barley Wheat 371 ]05 271 74 27 147 7C3 278 381 376 156 511 1,012 280 789 337 85 1,058 2,589 734 1,856 654 451 1,400 1,304 305 515 419 429 1,256 1,422 321 474 627 167 1,045 640 143 243 343 56 460 87 27 28 59 15 189 Pease Indian corn Potatoes Total . . OfiS 2,465 3,561 7,684 4,228 4,056 1,885 405 Total number of samples distributed 25,279 Number of applicants supplied 25,231 The following list shews the number of 3-pound packages of the different varieties which have been sent out : — Name of Variety. Oats. Improved Ligowo Banner , Siberian , American Beauty. Golden Beauty Bavarian Abundance Wide Awake Bonanza White Schonen. . . Tartar King Waverley Goldfiuder , Total 8,188 , 2,325 1,181 1,115 897 798 795 403 354 120 103 91 3 3 Name of Variety. B.VKLEY, Six-rowid. Mensury ... Royal. . . . , Odessa.. . . Oderbruch Txroroiccd. Sidney Canadian Thorpe. French Chevalier. 840 506 228 117 354 58 30 Total I 2,193 56 EXPERIMENTAL FARMa 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Name of Variety. "WUEAT. RedFife Preston White Fife White Counc'.l . Stanley Percj' Wellnian's Fife. Monarch.. . . . . Huiigiirian ... . Dufiferiu Total Pe.\.se. Prussian Bine Large White Marrowfat. Canadian Beauty French Canner Creei)er Black Eyed Mairowfat. Golden Vine Total IXDI.VX CORX. Selected Learning Longfellow Angel of Midnight White Cap Yellow Dent. Early Butler Early Mastodon Mitchell's Early Mammoth Cuban Champion White Pearl . , Comptou's Eurly Total P0TATOE.S. Carman No. 1 American Wonder. Early Sunrise ^' 1,151 91G 5G0 539 484 392 233 191 69 17 4,557 675 533 498 486 311 237 149 2,889 492 284 125 119 89 78 72 51 39 34 1,336 850 752 718 Name of Variety. Potatoes— Con, Everett Early Harvest Empire State . . Burnaby Seedling Rocliester Rose Earl V Rose Sir \Valter Raleigh Canadian Beauty . . Early Andes Early White Prize. ... Bo vee Uncle Sam Vigorosa New (2ueen Honeoye Rose Prolific Rose Prize Taker Wonder of the World Early Six Weeks Rose of the North Beauty of Hebron Gem of Aroostook " Holborn Abundance Brown's Rot Proof , White Elephant Maggie Murjahy Irish Daisy Lizzie's Pride Dakota Red Early Norther Sharpe's Seedling State of Maine Late Puritan Additional varieties of which only one sample of each w as sent .... Total Total number of packages distributed :^- Wheat Oats Barley Pease Corn Potatoes Total ®^ 025 519 466 4oS 402 105 109 102 101 97 96 95 92 91 77 76 65 23 14 10 20 6,066 4,,'i57 6,18S 2,193 2,SS9 1,386 6,066 2.5,279 DISTRIBUTION OF SAMPLES OF GRAIN SUFFICIENT FOR ONE-TENTH OF AN ACRE. The distribution of grain in larger samples sufficient in each case for a one-tenth acre plot was begun in 1899, and continued in 1900 and 1901. These samples were sent to a special list of farmers selected from among those who have shown a special interest in this important work. In preparing the list for this purpose the names have been chosen from every part of the Dominion so that everj- agricultural constituency has been represented. These special samples to the number of 2,85S have been distributed by provinces as follows : — L'ErORT OF THE DIRECTOR 57 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Distribution of samples of grain sufficient for one-tenth of an acre. Name of Grain. r. E. I. N. S. N. B. Quebec. 655 . 193 127 Ontario. ^lan. X.W.T. B. C. Oats . . . . ^ 58 41 15 114 151 37 21 209 164 91 33 847 72 77 112 19 27 69 12 6 24 r Barley 2 Total 288 975 996 158 87 31 The following list shows the number of these larger packages of the different varieties which have been sent out: — Name of Variety. Oats. Wavei'lf'V Tartar Kins: Improved I.igowo American Beauty . Ban tier Golden Beauty. . . , Siberian Gold finder Total .. . W]!E.\T. Preston . . Percy ... Stanley. . Red Fife. Number of Packages. 465 411 346 288 237 128 110 94 2,079 251 122 94 2 Name of Variety. Wheat— Con. Wellman's Fife Total B.iRLEY. Mensury Roj-al Total Oats ... Wheat Barley Total Number of Packages. 471 199 109 308 2,079 471 308 2,858 DISTEIBUTION OF SAMPLES FROM THE BRANCH EXPERIMENTAL FARMS. Samples of three pounds each were also distributed from the branch experimental farms as follows : — Experimental Farm, Oat.-i . . Nappan, N.S.— 260 89 78 22 10 8 278 Potatoes 652 Experimental Farm, Br.andon, Man.— Samples of grain of all sorts Potatoes E.vperimental Farm, Agassiz, B.C.— Oats Barley .... Wheat Pease VvTheat 1 6-'9 Barley Pease Winter Eve 334 Indian Head, N. 745 889 Experimental Farm, W.T.- Oats 414 68 252 2no 43 246 1S4 Barl;y 168 Wheat 87 Pot:itOS'S Flax Rye &c 914 58 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 These samples added to the number distributed by the Central Experimental Farm make a total of 32,344. It is gratifying to find that farmers generally are paying much more attention than formerly to the selection of the best and most productive sorts for seed. TESTS OF THE VITALITY OF SEED GRAIX AXD OTHER SEEDS FOR 1901. The number of samples of seed grain and other seeds which were tested during the season of 1901 to ascertain the proportion which would germinate was 2,385. Many of the samples sent for test are much below the average in vitality, and for this reason do not fairly represent the vitality of grain of average quality grown in different parts of the Dominion. The main object in continuing these tests from year to year is to give farmers the opportunity of having any samples which may be of doubtful vitality, through injury during harvesting or storing, thoroughly tested so that their value for seed purposes may be known. Samples may be sent free through the mail, about one ounce is sufficient and the work is done and reported on free of charge. The vitality of samples can usually be ascertained within a fortnight after they are received, RESULTS OF TESTS OF SEEDS FOR VITALITY, 1900-1. Kind of Seed. Number of Tests. Highest Per- centage. Lowest Per- centage. Per- centage of Strong Growth. Per- centage of Weak Growth. Average Vitality. Wheat 900 312 972 2 90 12 14 6 9 17 8 10 • 9 11 6 2 2 1 1 100 0 80 78o 780 82 '5 41 5 5 7 75 5-4 3 0 84-2 Barley 100 100 85 98 100 97 80 88 82 82 86 98 94 81 72 32 G2 42 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 4 14 2 14 6 12 11 8 60 34 46 13 0 31 62 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 85-5 Oats 87-9 Rye Peaa 44 5 840 Corn 070 59-7 41 .i Plax 491 41 0 Turnips 530 73-2 75- 1 73 5 59- 1 36 0 31-5 (•.2 0 42 0 42 0 T >tal number of samples tested, highest and lowest i>ercentage. . . 2,384 ICO rt 00 i (Signed) WILLIAM T. ELLIS. REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 59 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Table showin" the Results of Grain Tests for each Province. ONTARIO. Kind of Seed. Number of Tests. Highest Per- centage. Lowest Per- centage. Per- centage of Strong Growth. Per- centage of Weak Growth. Average Vitality. Wheat Barley Oats 179 112 181 100-0 100 0 100 0 190 11-0 47 0 1 00-3 72-2 90-6 1 ii-8 11 3 4-2 72-2 83-5 94-8 QUEBEC. Wheat Barley " 56 17 82 1000 1000 100 0 270 G40 23 0 82-5 83-3 81 7 5-3 6-3 5-5 87-9 89 '7 Oats 87-2 MANITOBA. Wheat 441 121 376 100 0 100 0 100 0 80 210 260 830 82-0 84-6 4-2 50 5-6 87-2 87 0 90-3 Barley Oats NO] RTH-WEST TERRITORIES. Wheat 154 3S 229 100 0 luO-0 100 0 390 390 00 82-2 75] 688 3-5 6-2 6-9 857 81-3 75-7 Oats . NOVA SCOTIA. Wheat Barley 25 15 31 100 0 99 0 1000 520 78-0 810 82-4 83-6 89-9 50 6 3 31 87-4 89-9 93 1 Oats NEW BRUNSWICK. Wheat • Barley 26 4 32 100 0 100 0 100 0 590 970 85 0 87-2 97-5 90-9 40 1-2 4 2 91-2 98 7 95-2 Oats PR [NCE EDWARD ISLAND. Wheat Barley 16 5 40 980 980 100 0 72-0 720 760 82-6 810 92-5 51 8-4 3-6 87-7 89-4 96 ■ 1 Oats , BRITISH COLUMBIA. Wheat 3 I) 1 990 00 94 0 95 0 0-0 94 0 96-3 00 91 0 0-3 00 30 96 -6 00 94 0 Barley Oats 60 EXPERIMEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 METEOKOLOGICAL OBSERVATIOXS. Table of Meteorological Observations taken at the Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, 1901; maximum, minimum and mean temperature for each month, -n-ith date of occurrence, also rainfall and snowfall and total precipitation. Months. Jan Feb Marcli . . . April .. . . May June Jvily.. .. August . . Sept Oc-tober. . Nov Dec n c S K 15 ci := bp i "tJC a 0) q; .g ^ ee eS o ft < 27 3 166-9 21 10 196 0 21 9 91-3 15 IG 54-3 314 2-41 5-53 7-79 6-01 616 8-80 of order. 5-23 3-41 304 175 u >. Kg ci --.S a eS^ M J3 eS » si.fi -c.b -c ;i -o.h T3 fi o c CO 3 o c xn 3 •p *3 O p 0 ^Xfl ^ S •a . ? S" t-CC ^ 3 -C . SiX. -c^ (D ^^-^ X!.£ I) o 01 n 5 ^ 3:5 O "m CD 01 3"^ ■J-.S 'A 'A H < 'A iz; H 18 13 76 4 2 46 20 11 94 6 20 8 110 2 3 93 20 8 120 9 26 5 177 9 5 73 19 12 82 4 26 4 212 7 7 09 18 12 137 1 27 4 241 6 7 79 25 6 200 8 27 3 282 2 9 40 29 1 269 4 29 2 225 1 7 26 29 2 245 8 30 1 270 7 8 73 29 2 226 1 22 8 164 4 5 48 26 4 202 3 26 5 148 7 4 79 27 4 126 3 18 12 71 7 2 39 19 11 72 4 16 15 34 0 1 09 16 15 45 4 05 -31 -65 •57 47 -98 •92 ■29 ■74 -07 •41 •46 (Signed) WILLIAM T. ELLIS, Ohserver. COEKESPONDEN-CE. The great volume of correspondence continually passing between Canadian farm- ers and the officers of the Experimental Earms is a gratifying evidence of the useful- ness of the work conducted and of the appreciation in which it is held. A large pro- portion of the letters received are letters of inquiry from correspondents seeking in- formation on all sorts of farm subjects. CENTRAL EXPERIMENTAL FARM. The following is a summary of the letters received and sent out at the Central Experimental Farm from November 30, 1900, to November 30, 1901, also the number of reports, bulletins and circulars forwarded by mail during the same period: — Letters Letters received. sent. Director 35,711 17,094 Agriculturist 1,470 1,533 Horticulturist 1,163 1,209 Chemist 1,213 1,127 Entomologist and Botanist 3,058 2,840 Poultry Manager 1,575 1,078 Accountant 1,123 1,293 45,313 23,174 A large number of letters received by the Director are applications for the publi- cations of the farms or for samples of grain. A considerable proportion of these are 52 EXPERIMEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDVv'ARD VII., A. 1902 answered by sending the correspondents the material asked for. This will explain why the number received so much exceeds the number sent out. Circular letters sent, including cii'culars sent with samples of seed grain "4.1G0 Keports and bulletins mailed 257,017 BRAXCH EXPERIMEXTAL FARMS. The correspondence with the superintendents of the branch experimental farms is also large as will be seen from the following figures : — Letters Letters received. sent. Experimental Farm, Xappan, N.S 1,416 1,211 Experimental Farm, Brandon, Man 4,804 2,755 Experimental Farm, Indian Head, N.W.T 5,410 5,333 Experimental Farm, Agassiz, B.C 2,518 2,378 14,148 11,077 Much additional information has also gone out from the branch fanns in printed circulars. Adding the correspondence received at the Branch Experimiental Farms to that of the Central Farm, we find that 59,431 letters were received, and 30,851 sent out during the past year in addition to the vast amount of information distributed in reports, bulletins and circulars. EXPERIMENTS IX TEEE PLAXTING OX SABLE ISLAND. Sable Island lies in the Atlantic about 90 miles cast from the nearest point in Nova Scotia, and about 153 miles from Halifax. In form it is a long, slender, open crescent with the hollow side facing the mainland and running out to a point at either end. It is about 21 miles long, and at its widest parts is more than a mile across; a good portion of the middle of the island is occupied by a lagoon of salt water known as Lake Wallace, which at some points covers nearly half the width of the island and extends for more than half its length. A break has occurred in the south bar which forms the southern boundary of this lagoon through which the sea water enters in considerable volume. WASTIXG OF THE ISLAND BY THE ACTIOX OF THE SEA. The island consists in the main of white sand forming banks and hills of varying height. The strong winds which prevail at certain periods, sometimes play havoc with these sandj- elevations, thus continually altering the configuration of the land. The sea has made great inroads on the west end of the island and has within the memory of the present residents washed away several miles of that end which has made it ne- cessary to remove the lighthouse there twice within fifteen years. Early surveys give the length of the island as about 40 miles, and two miles or more in width, showing that great waste has occurred. Dangerous shoals and sand bars extend on all sides, and tlie strong ocean currents from the south and the north which set in about the island, often carry vessels out of their course. Add to this the prevalence of fogs which ob- scure the land from view and you have a combination of dangerous conditions which liave brought about the destruction of many good ships and involved the loss of hun- dreds of lives. nijj'ojrr of the director 63 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 MANY DISASTROUS WRECKS. The appalling loss of life and property which has occurred in this dangerous spot early led to the establishment there of life saving stations. These were organized by the government of Nova Scotia in 1801, and maintained by that province until con- federation took place, when this service was undertaken by the Dominion. The British government contributes £500 a year towards the cost of carrying on this good work. Many disastrous wrecks have occurred here. The first of these recorded was in 1583, when the Admiral, a vessel in the navy of Queen Elizabeth, was wrecked and nearly 100 lives lost. Up to the present time no less than 171 known wrecks have oc- curred. The last wteck of importance, comparatively speaking, was that of the steam- ship Moravian, from Antwerp to Boston. This was a vessel of 2,000 tons, which struck on a sand bar on the 12th of February, 1899, and broke up the following June. There were 40 persons on this steamship, 21 of whom reached the island in their own boats, while 19 were rescued by the island lifeboats. No one was drowned in this instance, but one man died from the eifects of exposure. It has been truly said that * no other island on this globe can show so appalling a record of shipwreck and disaster.' THE ISL\ND TREELESS. There are no trees on Sable Island to break the force of the winds, which some- times blow fiercely and raise dense clouds of drifting sand. The gradual wasting of the island and the lessening of its surface has led to the consideration of the possibility of establishing tree growth there, that thus the land might become more fixed and fur- ther lessening of the surface be retarded if not prevented. INVESTIGATIONS LOOKING TO TREE PLANTING. During the early part of 1900, I was requested by the Minister of Marine and Fisheries, Sir Louis Davies, to consider the subject of a somewhat extensive experi- ment in tree planting on Sable island, and if this was thought feasible to make the necessary arrangements to obtain a sufficient number of such trees as would be desir- able for that purpose. Having obtained the ready concurrence of the Hon. Minister of Agriculture to devote such time as was necessary to carry out this object, steps were taken to gain information on the subject. From the outset I have had the hearty co- operation of the deputy minister, Lieut.-Col. F. F. Gourdeau, who has been most en- thusiastic in the work, and has been of the greatest assistance to me. During my visit to the Paris Exposition in 1900, a journey was made to the sea coast of Brittany with Lieut.-Col. Gourdeau to see the results of the planting of pine forests there on the drifting sands on the ocean shore, to gain information as to the methods adopted in planting and the varieties of trees which have been successfully grown. We found large districts planted with pine trees growing thriftily, although slowly, on what 50 or 60 years ago was a bare and barren coast covered with drifting sand. Formerly hoiises and villages were at times engulfed by these terrible drifts, but under the influence of this successful planting, the drifting of the sand has long since ceased and a soil is gradually, though slowly, forming mainly through the decay of successive crops of the needle-like leaves of the pines. A careful survey of the district showed that the trees were almost all of one species known as the maritime pine Pinus pinaster (P. mariiima) known also in Europe as the cluster pine. In that locality it is a rather small growing tree with large long leaves and very large cones. The trees throughout the district of country visited between St. Nazaire and Baule seemed to range from 20 to about 50 years of age ; their height was from 15 to 25 feet, and the trunks of some of the larger specimens, when measured, three feet from the ground showed a diameter of about 12 inches. Specimens of other species of pine were occasionally found growing 64 EXPERIMEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 with tlie maritime pine especially Pinus sylvestris, and notes were taken on these as to their comparative A'igour of growth on the apparently pure sand of the district. A careful study was also made of other varieties of trees and shrubs seen growing here and there on that soil, and a complete list made with notes on their growth. The in- formation thus gained was subsequently used to good purpose when selecting the ma- terial to be tested on Sable Island. VISIT TO XORMAXDY. I also made a journey to the district of Calvados in Normandy, which is known throughout the world among nurserymen for its large tree-growing establishments, where an immense number of young forest trees are produced. With an excellent climate for this purpose, cheap labour and long hours for work, and the employment of the best methods, young trees are produced there of thrifty growth in millions, and with such advantages they can be supplied at very low rates. The stock of one of the larger nurseries was inspected and plenty of suitable material found. The maritime pine especially was grown in very large quantities, as this tree is exten- sively planted iri many parts of France. Many other species of pine and other evergreen trees were also available there with a large assortment of deciduous trees and shrubs. SELECTION OF SUITABLE VARIETIES. On returning to Ottawa a list of such sorts as were likely to be suitable was pre- pared with quantities desired. The trees and shrubs chosen included a large number of those which have succeeded well in drifting sands in France to which were added a number of other varieties which from Canadian experience were likely to prove useful for that purpose. Small lots of many other species were added to lend interest to the collection and to test their hardiness and adaptability to the climate of Sable Island. This list included in all 68,755 evergreens of 25 varieties, and 12,590 deciduous sorts of 79 varieties, a total of 81,345, made up as follows : — TREES BROUGHT FROM FRANCE. Number Name. Number Eiergrcc7is. 10 10,000 Finns pinaster = P. maritima, Maritime or Cluster Pine. 10 10,000 H sylrestris, Scotch Pine. 10 10,000 II II rigaensis, Riga Pine. 25 1">,0(K) II Laricioniyrirunx, Austrian Pine. 5,000 II Montana, Mountain Pine. 2,500 II Montana Muyhus, Dwarf Mountain Pine. 500 2,500 II fttrobus, White Pine. 500 100 II ri(/iJa, Pitch Pine. 10 50 ■1 cemhra. Stone Pine. 10,000 Abies excelsa, Norway Spruce. 50 2,.o00 11 balsameii. Balsam Spruce. 50 2.500 •1 alba, White Spruce. 25 1,0.0 II nigra. Black Spruce. 1,000 Juniperus viryiniana. Red Cedar. 10 1,000 II covLinunis, Common Juniper. 5 500 Thuya occidental is, mhov vitae. 25 10 II Columbia. 10 II EUranycriana. 10 10 II ylobosa. 2,000 10 II Uovfj,!. 10 10 II latca. Name. Cuprcssus pisifcrafilifera. Thread-like Reti- nospora. II II plumosa. Plumose Reti- nospora. II M plu7nosa aurca. Taxus baccata, European Yew. Deciduous Trees and Shrubs. Acer Neyundo, Box Elder. II platanoides, Norway Maple. II II Schwcdlcri, Schwedler's Norway Maple. II saccharinvm. Sugar Maple. II tataricum, Tartarian Maple. Vitii ( Ampelopsis) quinquefolia, Virginia Creeper. II Thunberyii, Japan Ivy. Aristolochia sipho, Dutchman's Pijie. Berbcris vulyaris fodis purpurcis. Purple Barberrj'. II Thunberyi, Thunbf'rg'.s Barberry. Bctula alba, European White Birch. II " luciniata pendula, Cut-leaved Birch. -»Jimi^: / /** ScKNEs ON Sable Island. 1. Landing place with lookout in the 2. Young seal on the shore. 3. Residence of Superintendent. distance. 4. Surfboat pulling through the breakers. 5. Lighthouse at East point. 6. Heeling in young forest trees. 7. Sand binding grass with plain of drifting sand beyond. 8. Surf boats on way to steamer for supplies. REPOnr OF THE DIL'ECTOR 65 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 TREES BROUGHT FROM TRANCE— Concluded. N' umber Name. Number Name, Deciduous Trees and Shrubs— Con, Deciduous Trees and Shrubs — Con. 25 Betula lutca, Yellow Birch. 200 Populus alba, Silver Poplar, 25 II nigra. River Birch. 200 II balsamifera. Balsam Poplar, 10 Tr.coma grandijlora. Trumpet Flower. 200 II deltoidea (= P. moniUfera). 25 Caraguna arboresccns, Siberian Pea Tree, 200 II nigra pyramid/dis, Lombardy Poplar. 25 Catalpa Kcmpferi, Japanese Catalpa. 500 Primus spinosa. Black Thorn. 25 II cordifoiia, Western Catalpa, 50 Plclca trifoliata. Wafer Ash. 10 Chionanthvs virginica, Fringe Tree, 100 Pyrus aucuparia Eur. Mountain Ash. 100 Clematis Vitalba, Traveller's Joy. 100 Ehamnus catharticus, (Jommon Buckthorn. 25 Cornus alba sibirica, Siberian Dogwood. 100 II frangula. Alder Buckthorn. 10 11 II variegata, Variegated 25 Rhus cotinus. Smoke Tree. Siberian Dogwood. 50 Roses, Hybrid perpetuals, 10 varieties. 25 Crataegus Oxyacantha, English Hawthorn. 200 Salix argentca. Silver Willow. 10 II II fl. rosea plena, Double 200 II laurina. Laurel-leaved Willow, red-flowering English Hawthorn 10 Sarabucus nigra aurea nova. Golden Elder, 25 II pyracantha. 25 Spircea arguta. 25 Dcutzia crcnata, Crenate Deutzia, 10 II Japonica Bumalda, Anthony Waterer 25 Diervilla ( Wcigelia) florida. 25 II prunifolia. 25 II rosea. 25 II Van Houttei. 10 Elcmgnus multiflora. 10 Syringa Japonica, Japan Lilac, 625 Euonymus Japonicus, Japan Euonj'mus. 25 II Josikaea, Josika's Lilac, 25 Forsythia suspcnsa, Golden Bell. 25 II chinensis, Rouen Lilac, 500 Fraxinns excelsior, European Ash, 10 II vulgaris, Chas. Xth. 1,000 Genista sagittalis = (G. Scoparia) . 10 II II alba. White Lilac. 2,000 Glcditschia triacanlkos. Honey Locust. 25 II II de Marly. 10 Halcsia tctraptera. Silver-bell Tree, 25 II II 6 named varieties. 200 ■Hippophce rhamnoides, Sea Buckthorn, 500 Ulinus americana, American Elm, 25 Hydrangea paniculata grandijlora, Japanese 25 Viburnum Lantana, Wayfaring Tree, Hydrangea, 25 II Opidus sterilis, Snowball, 500 Juglans nigra. Black Walnut, 10 Wistaria viagnifica. 500 Lignstrum amurense, Amur Privet. The following fruitbushes were included in 25 Loniccra Bclgica, Belgian Honeysuckle. this order ; — 25 II sempervirens, Scarlet Trumpet 50 Currants, White Dutch, Honeysuckle. 25 II Black, Lees Prolific. 25 II tatarica grandijlora rubra, Tar- 25 Gooseberries in 4 varieties. This order also tarian Honeysuckle. included 50 lbs. of the seed of the Mari- 500 Lycium Europeum, Matrimony Vine, time Pine, Pinus pinaster. TREES, ETC., SEXT FROM OTTAWA. Some further material for planting was also taken from Ottawa, This included 1,000 cuttings of Salix longifolia, a willow with creeping roots, which grows luxuri- antly on the banks of the Saskatchewan river at the Experimental Farm at Brandon. This willow promises to be a good soil binder. As supplementary to the supply of fruits, there were also the following : — 101 Currant bushes, red, white and black, in 2.3 varieties. 28 Gooseberries, in 5 varieties, 39 Raspberries, in 3 varieties, 254 Strawberries, in 12 varieties. 23 Dwarf June berry. 19 Sand Cherry. 13 Beach plums. 75 Pyrus baccata, 48 Pyrus prunifolia, Also 6 Eleagnus argentea (Wolf willow), a small collection of rhubarb roots, a number of varieties of perennial flowering plants, and an assortment of seeds of trees, shrubs and plants of the hai'diest sorts. 16—5 ee EXPERIXIEXTAL FARMS THE EXPEDITION STARTED. 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 As soon as tlie sliipment of trees from Xorinandy had reached Halifax prepara- tions were made for our departure. The party comprisinj? the expedition was Lieut. - Col. F. F. Gourdeau, Deputy Minister Marine and Fisheries, Mr. W. E. Saunders, of London, Ont., Mr. Thomas Davies, of Ottawa, and myself. We arrived in Halifax on May 14 at 10 p.m., where we were met by Commander Spain, in cliarge of the govern- ment steamers, who informed us that the steamer Minio was in waiting with steam up and that everything was ready for an immediate start for Sable Island if we wished to go at once. After consultation we found this was not quite practicable, so we went on board and rested until morning. The obtaining of some additional supplies occu- pied the next morning, and it was 2 p.m. before the steamer left. When we got well out to sea we found a rather heavy swell, and as evening approached the captain deci- ded that we could not reach the island that night so we headed for Liscombe harbour, which is about the nearest point on the mainland to Sable^ Island where we arrived about 9 p.m., finding there smooth water and good anchorage. About 4 a.m.. the anchor was weighed and the steamer followed a direct course to the island. The sea was fairly heavy, but we made good progress, sighted the island at 10.30 a.m. and anchored at 11.30, about r« mile from the shore, which is as near as large vessels can safely come owing to dangerous sand bars which extend in several directions from the land. ARRIVAL AT THE ISLAXD. As soon as the steamer was sighted signals were run up from the look-oixt point on shore, and one of the large surfboats was soon got out and manned and on its way to the ship. The Superintendent of the island, Mr. R. J. Boutellier, came in this boat and extended a cordial welcome to us to the island. A load of supplies with the bag- gage of the party was first landed, and the next trip v,-e were all taken ashore. On the way to land we were several times surrounded by shoals of large cod-fish which were sporting about and jumping out of the water in a very vigorous way. We also met a number of seals near the shore, which poking their heads above water eyed us with great curiosity, while hundreds of terns were flying just overhead making very discordant screams. As there is no harbour, wharf or sheltered landing place on any part of the island the only way of reaching the shore is to ride in on the crest of the breakers. In this way the visitors reached within a few yards of the island when they were car- ried to dry land on the shoulders of some of the sturdy officials who trod the water as if it might have been their native element. As the sea was comparatively calm there was but little difficulty experienced in getting ashore. INTERESTING SCENES. On landing the scene was one of great novelty and interest. The island is a Bingular formation, the larger part consisting of bluffs and rolling hills of white sand ^arying in height from 20 to 100 feet, much of which is partly held together by the roots of a sand-binding grass Ammophila arenaria, while considerable areas are covered with loose sand which is blown about by the strong winds which prevail there, hence the configuration of the surface is ever changing. Near our landing place was the boat- liouse which has been built in a large gully which has been formed by the tearing away of a high sand cliff by the wind. Xear the west side of the gully stood a pyra- mid of sand which had originally been a part of a continuous cliff running from east to west. The gully had apparently been worked out in two parts, and when the exca- vation was complete this pyramid was left standing between the two, a perfect cone from 30 to 40 feet in height. Passing up through this gully we got our first view of the interior of the island. From the hill tops on the north side the land sloped away liErOUT OF rilE DIRECTOR 67 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 southward in a very irres-nlar undulating- manner until it almost reached the level of the ocean. Before us lay the Superintendent's house, painted white, with an acre or two of timothy and clover in front of it which was as green as a pasture field on the main land. Beyond the house lay the large inland lake of salt water which occupies so large a part of the interior of the island. Beyond that was the south bar built up of varying heights by tlie shifting sand, and outside this the ever rolling breakers of the turbulent ocean. UXPACKIXO AXD IIKRLIXG IN THE TREES. We were soon comfortably lodged with the Supsrintendent's hospitable family, where we were to spend a busy week, and the remainder of the afternoon and evening was spent in looking over the ground to find a suitable location where we could unpack and heel in our precious cargo of trees. In the meantime the Superintendent had manned another surfboat, and by dint of much hard rowing our 18 large cases of trees, together with the stores brought for the island were all landed on the beach before night fall. The side of the sand gorge on the way up from the boat-house was chosen as a suitable and convenient place for the heeling in of the trees, and early next morn- ing two sturdy yoke of oxen were engaged in hauling the ponderous boxes from the sea shore to this spot. By 7 a.m. all available hands were at work at the trees, some opening and unpacking the cases, others digging trenches in the moist sand in which the young trees were placed and the roots well covered. By the time evening came IG of the 18 boxes were unpacked, and the remaining two were finished on Saturday morn- ing. The yoimg trees came out in vei*y good condition. They had been six weeks packed, a little mould was occasionally found on some of the roots and stems and a few of the evergreens were partly decayed, but the injured specimens formed a very small proportion of the shipment. I'he trees had been skilfully packed so as to admit air to all parts of the interior, and the great bulk of the material was quite green and fresh looking. The early part of Friday was fine and bright, but cool, later in the day there was a little rain and towards evening it was quite windy. STARTING THE FIRST PLANTATION. On Saturday the 38th, after finishing the unpacking of the two remaining cases of trees and the boxes of fruit bushes, &c., which were broiight from Ottawa, the first plantation of trees on the island was started on the upper part of a sandy bluff near the north shore, and north-east of the look-out station. This was fairly well covered with the sand binding grass Ammophila arenaria, and was partly protected by a ridge all around, leaving the part chosen for planting in the form of a shallow basin. In this plantation the trees were put from 2i to 3 feet apart each way among the grass without any preparation of the land. The planting was begun just under the ridge on the south side, and was done as follows : — A spade was pressed down to its full depth in the sand, and pressed backwards and forwards several times until an opening had been made, when the spade was withdrawn and the young tree inserted so as to have its roots well underground when the sand was pressed against the tree firmly with the foot. In planting two men worked together, one used the spade and the other inserted the trees and pressed the sand firmly about the roots with his foot. Before the day closed a large number had been thus planted. The soil at this point seemed to consist wholly of pure sand, no humus could be detected in it. CHURCH SERVICE ON SUNDAY. On Sunday morning a church service was conducted by the Superintendent of the island, Mr. Boutellier, who read the service of the Anglican Church and a short sermon 16— 5i C8 ExrnniMEXTAL farms 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 afterwards. There were 14 or 15 present, aucl all joined heartily in the singing. The musical part of the service was greatly aided by the piano played by Mrs. Boutellier, and a violin played by her son. The service was int»?resting and impressive. The con- gregation were summoned by a bell mounted outside the building which had been got from a wrecked vessel. A good deal of the furniture in the dwellings on the island consists of articles rescued from similar disasters; indeed one finds reminders on all hands of wrecks. LOOKIXG OVER THE GROLXD. In the afternoon a walk of several miles was taken along the shores of the lagoon, and some promising sites for other tree plantations examined. During this ramble a considerable area of ground was found which was covered with 3 or 4 inches of black peaty soil mixed wdth sand and with pure sand underneath. On this land the common juniper was growing, also masses of crowberry, Empetrum nigrum and quantities of wax myrtle (Myrica cerifera), blueberry (yaccinium), wild rose and other plants. Doubtless this dark peaty layer has been formed from the gradual decay of many suc- cessive crops of these plants and shrubs. The weather was more or less foggy during the greater part of the day, clearing up at intervals, with a strong wind from the north which worked vip a very stormy sea and the breakers were so powerful that it would not have been practicable to have gone out to a ship in such weather. ADDITIOXAL PLAXTATIOXS BEGUX. On Monday morning, May 20, we were all early at work at the trees with the avail- able force so divided that planting was carried on during the day at three different points. The weather was foggy, windy and cold, but plenty of exercise induced warmth. A plantation of trees was put out in front of the Superintendent's house, another on the east side, and a third was put in the Superintendent's garden. In the latter en- closure, which was a good sized piece of ground, all the small fruits were planted, all the smaller lots of shrubs and trees and 10 or 12 each of all the other varieties. Hence in that plantation specimens of all the different sorts under trial are ranged side by side under similar conditions. The garden plot, originally sandy, had with the frequent application of manure from the barn and stables become somewhat loamy, so much so as to grow vegetables fairly well. In such soil many of the trees and shrubs are likely to do well. The plantation in front of the Superintendent's house is nearly pure sand, that on the side has a little loamy material in it, and another at the back of the house is of the same quality. As the result of this day's work several thousand trees were placed. EVEXIXG SEARCH FOR TERX's EGGS. Towards evening three of us went across Lake "Wallace in a boat to the south side for tern's eggs, as we found them very good eating. On landing we found the eggs quite plentiful. There were thousands of the birds fl3'ing around screaming' and swooping down towards us in a most threatening manner. Xlieir nest is simply a little hollow place worked out in the sand with sometimes a few bits of sea-weed in it, usually eel grass, but this is exceptional. In these nests which were scattered all over the sur- face, and more numerous on elevated knolls, we found from one to three eggs. In a short time our party gathered over twelve dozen. In most nests there was only one egg, in from ten to twenty instances two eggs, and in one nest only, three eggs. There would doubtless have been more eggs in some of the nests, as three is the usual number these birds lay, but for the fact that they had been gatliered on that part of the shore two days before when we had a large supply for breakfast. nEPONT OF THE DIRECTOR 69 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 now COOKED. AND SEUVED. In cooking these eggs they are usually fried. A large number are broken and put into an open dish where the little round bright coloured yolks looked quite pretty in their transparent surroundings. When a sufficient number are ready they are turned into a frying pan and cooked — without breaking the yolks — until the mass is quite firm. It is then turned out on a plate, cut in pieces and served. A slice cut through the mass looks quite attractive, and with the hunger which comes with plenty of exer- cise in a very invigorating atmosphere they seemed delicious. There was no lack of appetite however with any of our party, and we were always ready for our meals. A JOURNEY THROUGH THE ISLAND. As our steamer was to come for us on Thursday it was decided to devote Tuesday to an excursion down the island, 15 miles to the East Light. "We had breakfast at 6.30 a.m., and started at 7 o'clock sharp. Three of the party rode on ponies and the others in vehicles. The morning was foggy, but the fog soon lifted, and we had a lovely bright day. On our way we found a very suitable spot for a large tree planta- tion, about 1| miles east of the main station, a large undulating depression with pro- tecting ridges all around, and covered with peaty soil three or four inches deep. There a large quantity of trees were subsequently planted, and the grove is now known as Gourdeau Park. This drive was a most interesting one and revealed to us all the main characteristics of scenery on the island. It was evident at many points that during the strong gales the wind played havoc with the loose sand, often materially changing the contour of the surface in a single season. Drifts had occurred in some places so deep as to bury the telephone poles, in others their bases would be blown bare. On our way we passed a building which had just been fitted up for a school. This is a new thing for tlie island. POPULATION OF THE ISLAND. The entire population distributed about and between the two lighthouses, which are about 18 miles apart, number 45. There are 18 men, six of whom are married, and their wives and children make up the remaining number. The number of children needing school privileges is from 10 to 12, and hitherto they have had no means of education, excepting what they could get in their homes. An arrangement has now been made for a teacher and the children who do not live within walking distance will come to the school on Monday morning and return home on Friday evening, boarding in the school house and occupying dormitories there at night. This school will be a great boon to the people. ORGANIZATION OF THE LIFE-SAVING SERVICE. " The men on the island are divided into small groups so arranged at different points as to admit of the inspection of every part of the shore of the island twice each day. Air the stations are connected by telephone with the Superintendent's residence, and reports are made to him morning and evening by each station. At the main station there are five men who take the inspection of the coast alternately for 10 miles — five miles on either side. The west end lighthouse men take charge of about six miles. The men at No. 3 station, which is nine miles east of the main station, inspect 10 miles of coast line. Those at No. 4, which is 14 miles distant, inspect 12 miles in the morn- ing and 24 miles in the evening, and the men at the east end lighthouse have the in- spection of 12 miles of coast line in the morning and none in the evening. 70 EXPERniEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 In this way provision is made for a careful inspection of every part of the shores of the island twice each day. When the day is clear, inspection can be made with glasses from certain look-out points, bnt in foggy weather, which is very common, the whole distance must be travelled over and the result telephoned to the Superintendent. Island ponies are used in travelling. In case a vessel is seen flying signals of distress this is reported at once to the Superintendent, who gives prompt instructions as to what is to be done and proceeds with all speed to the scene of action. There are three life- saving stations, the central one, Xo. 3, and Xo. 4, where life boats and other life-saving appliances are kept, and a life-saving crew can be assembled at either of these stations in about half an hour. RECEXT HARDSUIPS OF FISIIERilEX. The fishing for cod on the banks is usually done in small boats with two men in each, and each fishing schooner is supplied with several of these boats. In foggy wea- ther the men sometimes lose sight of their ships and drifting to sea are lost. A few days before we arrived two boats had drifted to the island, each containing two French fishermen ; one boat had been out for five days, the other for two days, and during this time the men after the first day had nothing to eat but raw fish. The men who were five days out reached the shore of Sable Island in a very exhausted condition, scarcely able to crawl. Another boat also with two men had for a time been in company with one of the two boats saved, but after the first day they parted. Nine days later this boat drifted to the island shore bottom upwards. There are generally more or less cases of this sort every year. Substantial wooden buildings have been erected by the Government at different points to serve as shelters for shipwrecked people which are fitted up with beds and sleeping berths and provided with bedding. Sufiicient stores of food are also kept on the island to feed for some time a considerable number of people so that there may be enough for the crew and passengers of anj' ship which may be so iinfortunate as to be wrecked here. The remains of many wrecks were seen during this drive, the most prominent of which was the Crofton Hall, a good sized iron vessel, which was wrecked some three or four years ago and still remains unbroken, embedded in the sand on the bar at the eastern extremity of the island. We visited station No. 4, where some additional sites for tree planting were selected, we examined the life-saving appliances there and visited also the eastern lighthouse. On the return journey we drove along the north beach for some miles, here seals were very abundant in large bands, of about 50 to 200, lying on the shore enjoying the warmth of the sun. As we approached the members of the flock would raise their heads in alarm and wobbling along in their own jerky way with a sort of undulating movement they soon reached the water. Their style of moving on land was very ludic- rous. Sometimes the younsj: seals which cannot travel fast are left behind and may then be easily caught. After a very pleasant and most interesting drive we reached the main station a little before sundown. REACHIXG THE END OF OUR VISIT. Wednesday was our last working day, the weather was bright and tree planting was pushed along rapidly, and by the close of this day we had succeeded in planting in all about 10,000 trees, leaving 71,000 still for the Superintendent and his men to plant before the work would be completed. On Thursday morning there was a dense fog, the work done was reviewed and full instructions left with the Superintendent in reference to the completion of the plant- ing. About 10.30 the fog lifted when our steamer was seen about a mile from the ItEPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 71 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 shore awaiting our arrival. We had, on the whole, favourable weather. The tem- perature had varied during the week spent on the island from 38 to 57 — the latter being our hottest day. We bade our hospitable friends farewell with much regret as our stay had been most enjoyable. The surf boat was got out, but the sea was heavy, and it was no easy matter forcing it through the breakers. Many attempts were made and the boat thrown back repeatedly on its side before the resistance of the water could be overcome. Eventually it was pushed through and started on its first trip with the baggage and part of the passengers. In the course of 30 or 40 minutes the boat re- turned. THE DEPARTURE. After much struggling with the breakers the boat was finally got into position again, and on the word of command being given the passengers and boatmen jumped quickly in and with a united effort on the part of the crew and their assistants on shore the boat was started. With a hearty pull she mounted the first breaking line of surf and was fairly afloat. At first she dipped high and low as we passed through the several lines of breakers, but in a few moments more she was fairly clear of these, and we were then rocked in the swell of the ocean. The getting off was exciting and we were tossed about considerably before we reached the side of the steamer where the passengers climbed up in turn the companion gangway and were soon safe on board. We now bade our host, the excellent and capable Superintendent of the Island, farewell, giving our parting injunctions concerning the trees, the surf boat went o£E and we started for Halifax. The sea was very rough, and the steamer pitched and rolled continuously during the afternoon and through the night, but we landed safely at Halifax on Friday morning at G.30. SAMPLES OF SOIL FOR ANALYSIS. I brought with me a sample of the almost pure saiid forming the soil on the top of the sandy bluff on which the first plantation was made in which the sand binding grass was growing, also two samples of the black peaty layer which covers the sand to a depth of 3 to 4 inches over a large portion of the central part of the island, probably to the extent of 1,800 to 2,000 acres. One of these was taken from the large area chosen for the plantation to be known as Gourdeau Park, and the other was from sim- ilar soil some miles further east. I also brought a sample of similar material picked up on the beach on the south shore where it was being washed by the sea. A fifth sample consisted of a bunch of the sand-binding grass Ammophila arenaria. These were submitted to the Chemist of the Experimental Farms, Mr. F. T. Shutt, for analy- sis, who reports t)n them as follows : — 'analysis AND REPORT ON SAMPLES FROM SABLE ISLAND. By Franlc T. Shutt, Chemist, Dominion Experimental Farms. ' No. 1. Sample of the sand from field on top of the bluff, north-east of the look-out. where first forest clump was planted. It contains roots of grass Ammophila arenaria. Weight of sand, 2 pounds 13 ounces, containing f ounces of grass roots. 'Analysis of this sand after separation of the greater part of the fibre showed -0018 per cent of nitrogen. Digestion of this sand with hydrochloric acid (sp. gr. 1-115) at the temperature of boiling water for 5 hours, showed that -412 per cent had passed into solution. The examination of this acid solution gave the following data : — Oxide of iron and alumina -328 Lime - -002 Phosphoric acid -012 72 EXPERniEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Potash : — By the spectroscope, traces of potash were plainly discernable. With the usual reagent (platinic chloride) only a very faint precipitation was obtained when working on an acid solution from 10 grams of the sand. ' ^^. Xo. 2. Sample of peaty soil from surface underlaid by sand in central part of is- land 1^ miles east of residence of Superintendent where a large block of trees has been planted, locality known as Gourdeau Park, layer 3 to 4 inches thick. ' Analysis of (air-dried) peaty soil : — p. c. 'iloisture 4-87 * Organic matter 22-22 ' ^Mineral matter practically sand 72-91 100 * ^>itrogen ia organic matter -878 ' Xo. 3. Representative sample of peaty soil covering a large area some distance east of where Xo. 2 was taken, from 3 to 4 inches deep, and underlaid by sand. Weight soil, air-dried, 3 pounds 12^ ounces, containing 5J ounces fibre. * Analysis of (air-dried) peaty soil : — p. c. ' Moisture 1-48 ' Organic matter 8 -63 * Mineral matter practically sand 89 -89 100 * Xitrogen in organic matter -271 ' Xo. 4. Sample from a large lump of peatj"^ soil found on the beach on the south shore, being washed by the sea. It contains a considerable amount of semi-decayed eel grass Zostera maritima. Weight of soil, air-dried, 1 pound 5 ounces, containing 2^ ounces fibre, principally eel grass. ' Anah'sis of (air-dried) peaty soil: — p. c. ' Moisture 3-00 ' Organic matter 9-50 ' Mineral matter practically sand 87 -50 100 ' Xitrogen in organic matte i' "267 ' The above three samples are similar in character, and no doubt also as to origin. They may be considered as semi-decayed vegetable matter (largely fibrous) and sand, and practically the only point of difference between them lies in the varj-ing propor- tions of these two constituents. In the air-dried condition the sand can be very easily separated from the organic matter by shaking and sifting, showing that there is no intimate incorporation of these constituents as in the case of true soils. * The plant food th."-y €-c-r:;ain other than nitrogen is present in very small a}nounts, and we must suppose exists in such a condition that it is only slowly set free for i^lant use. RErORT OF THE DIRECTOR 73 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 * No. 5. Analysis of the (air-dried) grass or hay Ammophila arenarid from Sable Island, chiefly barren stems : — p. c. Moisture 12-42 Protein 1?. -81 Fat -81 Fibre 41-00 Carbo-hydrates 26-71 Ash 5-25 100 ' In protein or albuminoids this grass makes a very good showing, being quite equal in respect to these important nutrients to many of our highly esteemed culti- vated grasses. ' The percentage of fibre is above the average, and this together with the somewhat high protein, necessarily makes the carbo-hydrates (starch, sugar, &c.) much lower than usual. This hay contains 5 -25 per cent ash or'mineral matter, which on further examination is found to include 1 -37 per cent of sand. This sand had remained at- tached to the grass in spite all care being taken to separate it, ' The indications are that though probably somewhat less digestible than the best hays made from grass cut before seeding, this Sable Island grass has a distinct and even moderately high feeding value due to its comparatively speaking large protein content.' The results obtained by Mr. Shutt are very interesting and valuable. The ponies, of which there are four bands numbering about 120 in all running wild on the island, feed almost entirely on this grass which looks tough and hard and does not impress one as likely to be very nutritious. The ponies, however, do well on it, and even the domestic cattle use it considerably, although they are said to prefer timothy and clover. The fact that this grass has a decided nutritive character is now demonstrated. ARRAXGEilEXTS FOR THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL FERTILIZERS. Realizing at the outset that it was probable that the soil of some of the sites which might be chosen for tree planting on the island would be deficient in the elements of fertility needed for the healthy growth of trees, a sufficient quantity of artificial ferti- lizers was taken to Sable Island with the trees. These included nitrate of soda, muriate of potash, superphosphate of lime with a few barrels of quick lime. Instructions were left with the Superintendent as to the use of these after the trees were planted, and the proportions in which they should be mixed. That after mixing they should be diluted with an equal bulk of sand and scattered in small proportion over the ground once a month for three months, leaving a small portion of each plantation untreated for com- parison. This would probably give the trees at the start sufficient plant food for healthy growth. A NATURAL SOURCE OF PLANT FOOD. There is one source of plant food on Sable Island which should not be overlooked. Sea birds are most abundant there. After travelling over the greater part of the island and seeing the immense number of terns everywhere, from a rough computation of the number per acre and the acreage of the island we estimated that these birds alone did not fall far short of a million on the island. They feed on small fish, and they are so incessantly active that they consume large quantities and their droppings are seen on every hand. This perennial source of fertility must have its effect. Like the guano 74 ■ EXPERIMEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 on the sea-girt islands in parts of South America this material is very rich in plant food, which is in readily soluble forms and the quantity deposited every year would probably be sufficient to supply a considerable part of the small proportion of these elements needed for healthy tree growth. Traces only of these iiseful elements are found in the clear, pure sand which covers so large a part of the surface of the island, probably for the reason that this fertilizing material if not promptly taken up by plant roots is so soluble that it is soon washed through the porous sand by frequent rains and its accumulation is thus prevented. COXDITIOXS OF CLniATE — STRONG WINDS. The climate is a very singular one, and one of the chief difficulties in the way of rapid success in tree planting is the force and constancy of the winds, and the fre- quency of the gales. Froin the meteorological tables here given, prepared by Mr. W. T. Ellis from material kindly furnished by Mr. E. F. Stupart, Director of the Meteoro- logical Service of Canada, covering nearly four years, it appears that the average hourly velocity of the wind during the whole of that period has been more than 18 miles, while the gales have averaged over 10 each month when the winds have ranged mostly from 40 to 65 miles an hour. A study of the temperatures will show that there are no extremes of heat or cold on the island; that the highest temperature during the past four years has been 78, and the lowest point reached by the thermometer during thq same period was 5 above zero. Tklonths. a s 'Pi S 3 B 'a Total Preci- pitation. Average hourly velo- city of win!. B° 'cj fa fa 1893. e • Inches. Miles. Days. Days. Days. January 48-.^ 60 5-65 1-54 3-20 4-90 2 90 312 4'- 55 444 5.89 3-85 8-68 6-64 21-5 187 17-8 19-8 15-7 15-9 11-8 12 0 16-6 18-6 19 6 23-7 48 64 46 38 41 39 25 27 42 36 49 59 18 14 17 18 7 9 1 2 9 13 18 20 15 20 20 16 24 20 17 18 19 20 16 16 2 February March April May June July 43 46 53 60 66 75 77 73 61 63 52 0 5 0 5 0 0 0 5 5 0 0 17 23 27 33 39 45 58 46 39 30 18 0 5 0 0 0 5 0 o' 5 0 0 2 9 10 8 14 10 August 17 September October November December 7 6 9 6 Averages 59-95 31-87 4-61 17-6 42-8 12 18 8 1809. January February March April May June 48 39 47 48 59 64 71 74 72 69- 59 5 0 5 0 0 5 0 5 0 0 5 7 9 17 29 28 41 52 56 48 44 32 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 217 278 4-96 1 65 2-62 4-97 2-30 3-76 3 52 5-71 2 66 4 31 24-4 260 22-6 19-5 18-2 12-8 14-9 12 6 16 0 16-8 200 18-8 53 65 46 56 39 27 31 32 40 46 56 49 21 19 20 13 10 3 5 2 7 9 12 18 19 17 22 22 21 16 22 20 20 22 18 17 3 6 13 12 7 11 July •21 August 2 September .... 8 October . . November 6 8 December 53 0 24 0 6 Averages 58 -79 32-29 3-45 18-5 45 12 19 8 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 75 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Months. 6 a '2 Total Preci- pitation. Average hourly velo- city of wind. Maximum velocitj% Number of gales. 1900. •January 52 52 48 52 57 G9 75 73 70 r.G 60 49 5 0 5 5 8 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 17 7 15 32 34 40 49 51 47 37 27 20 0 0 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Inches. 5-76 3-59 615 5-55 304 2-84 2-25 6 16 5-G6 2-31 2-94 2-94 Mil 23 26 22 19 16 14 13 13 16 17 22 21 es. 7 5 2 4 2 2 4 6 2 4 7 8 56 56 52 46 37 27 32 40 49 51 46 52 Days. 20 20 19 16 6 6 3 4 7 11 24 15 Days. 14 17 16 14 19 21 23 17 17 21 11 Days. 5 February INIarch 3 8 6 ]May 7 .lune Jtaly.. . 14 18 6 8 October November 5 8 3 Averages GO -48 31-41 409 18-9 45 12 17 7 1901. ' January , February March 47-0 45-5 470 54 0 57-0 G3 0 77-0 78-0 7G-5 •680 57-5 5-0 190 19 0 3 to 34.0 440 53-0 600 48-0 410 300 3-24 3-21 4 04 2-36 4-97 2-3S 2-90 3-36 165 4-52 2-10 22-7 21-9 20-2 19-4 13-3 14-8 12-9 11-3 17-4 18-4 18-2 58 45 5G GO 34 36 36 34 42 48 62 14 9 12 4 1 1 0 1 5 4 7 19 12 23 24 18 24 28 26 26 25 23 9 4 11 17 May 10 15 July 19 13 7 November 9 0 60-95 1 " " 35 -18 317 17-3 46 5 22 10 PROGRESS OF THE WORK. Letters have been received from the Superintendent every time an opportunity has occurred of sending one. As a rule the only communication the island has with the outside world is when a supply boat visits them, which is seldom more than three or four times a year. We left the island on the 23rd of May, and the first letter received bears date of 17th June, written in anticipation of the visit of the steamer as it did not reach me until July 12. Mr. Boutellier says : ' I feel that I can write to you now and give you all the particulars as to the planting, as we put in the last of the trees to-day at 4.30 p.m. There are about 500 to 300 planted at east end light, about 3,000 at No. 4 station, 1,000 at No. 2, and about 5,000 at No. 3 station, the balance were planted in what I have named Gourdeau Park. I managed to plough about nineteen- twentieths of the ground in this park, and there was about three inches of the black mould all over, and I was surprised at the even thickness of it as it varied very little in that respect. The pine and maple seed I also put in there to-day in ploughed ground, and then run a harrow over it lightly. I expect to have this ground all fenced before the end of the week with the wire and posts you brought over. ' I may say that almost everything planted seems to have taken root, those you first put in are budding freely, although I regret to say that on Friday last we had a moderate gale which lasted abovit 24 hours when the wind at times exceeded 40 miles an hour. I find that on the trees with soft leaves which had just opened, they were burned off as if from frost. The pines and spruces were not affected as far as could 73 EXI'Efn.yEXTAL FAKMS 1-2 HOWARD VI!., A. 1&02 le observed. For a week after I began the park plantation it was wet and foggy every day, and on the 2nd of June we had a wreck. The Stella Maris, of Granville, France, on the X.E. bar, our life boat went out but before we could reach the vessel the crew had abandoned the wreck and taken their own boats in which they came ashore. This was a temporary set back to the planting, but I employed three of the crew to help us, or I should not have finished the planting so soon. I am glad to have got them all in before the dry weather of July. I think it has been a favourable time, as we have had frequent and some heavy rains. Tree growing grows on one, and I hope that in the near future Gourdeau Park will be one of our show places. You can understand what interest I took in it when I ploughed over ten pounds of superfluous flesh off, and had a crick in the back several nights.' SECOXD REPORT. The next letter was written on July 29, 1901, but in the interval Col. "W. P. Ander- son, Chief Engineer and General Supt. of Lighthouses, paid a visit to the island and took notes on the condition of the trees, and on his return to Ottawa kindly gave me an account of what he had seen and reported very favourably as to the general condi- tion of the plantations. In Mr. Boutellier's letters, he says : ' Xearly a month has elapsed since Col. Anderson's visit, and yesterday I visited the plantations. I cannot give you close detail as to the many varieties, but can give you a general idea of the whole lot, and those that call for special mention. All the pines are growing, except- ing a few. The white pine P. strohus can't stand the wind, but when sheltered grows freely. While the birches have leaved, they are feeble. Common juniper is a failure; Virginian juniper good. Maples, willows are growing and seem to do as well in the large plantations as in the nursery in the garden inclosure. Arbor vitae good. To generalize, I think the plantation at Gourdeau Park looks as well as the most practical enthusiast could expect. The small plantations at the other stations are doing about the same. ' The 50 lbs. of seed of maritime pine planted is up as thick as it can stand, and looks very fine and strong; they are standing the last few weeks well, which have been warm and dry. A few of the Manitoba maples are also up about two inches above the ground. ' In the garden plot there are some disappointments among the small lots. All the specimens of the following have died: Betula alha laciniata, four lots of honeysuckle, Spiraea, Anthony Waterer ; Lilac Michael Biichner ; Eetinospora filifera, Cornus sibir- ica variegata, Halesia tetraptera, Juniperus communis and Cuthbert raspberry ; of some others a portion have died, but samples of each .are left. ' The following are doing well and making good growth : Beach plum, Pyrus prunifolia, many of the currants and gooseberries, Golden Queen raspberry, blackber- ries, strawberries, roses, Siberian crab, Acer platanoides, Ampelopsis qiiinquefolia, Berheris purpurea, Deutzia crenata, Bignonia grandifiora, Eetinospora plumosa, Hovey's arbor-vitse, Columbian arbor-vitae, also Elwangeriana and Globosa, Amur privet, Euonymus Japonica and Lycium Europeum. Of this I feel quite satisfied that if only one variety grows and succeeds nearly all the others may be grown under the shade or protection of that one. Shelter seems to be the desideratum. One dress- ing of the mixed fertilizers has been given, but it is too soon to expect results.' THIRD LETTER. The last communication was written on Xovember 5. The Superintendent says : * With regard to the condition of the trees the latter part of the summer was very dry, so much so that our vegetables are less than a half crop, so that you can see it must have been trying for the trees. BEPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 77 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Bain fall — June, 2 -38 inches; spread well over the whole month; fogs as well. July, 2-90 inches; spread well over the whole month; fair; warmer. August 1 to 13, ?• -30 inches ; no fogs ; very warm. September 8 to 30, 1 -65 inches ; no fogs ; very warm ; dry gales. October 3 to 24, 3, -60 inches; no fogs; warm; some high winds. ' You will see from this that the trying time was from August 13 to October 3, with only 1 -05 of rain, no fogs and very warm weather for Sable Island. The ther- mometer averaged high all summer. ' This drought killed most of the weaklings, and the high winds burned the leaves off the deciduous trees between September 21 and 26, during which time it blew a con- tinuous gale from S.W. around to north. After the gale subsided, the leaves were as though a fire had run close to the trees and scorched them. It was not cold, and we have had no frost yet. ' Many of these trees were very promising, and some of them are budding again since we have had rains. We have had a fair amount of blooms from the roses which were much appreciated. We also had a sample of the strawberries. Many of the va- rieties made good growth, but we shall be able to judge better as to their permanent hardiness here next July.' ' Now, as I think I have shown you the worst side, I will show the other. All the evergreens looked dull during the drought, but after we had a few rains they improved wonderfullj'. All the pines, except the white pine P. strohus are looking splendidly and have made growth. The plants from the pine seed also grew well, but lately I noticed that many were turning a bluish cast. Some spruces survive, but few look promising. Arbor-vitge suffered much from drought, but there are many promising specimens in various localities.' ' This general statement of the conditions of the trees applies to all planted in the various localities, but I think Gourdeau Park, IJ miles east of main station, is most promising, and next is 4th station plot. In all plots planted the weeds and grass has grown freely, and I am satisfied now that this is best for the trees; it gives shelter. If the ground had been kept clear the drifting sand would abrade the bark, and it is very noticeable that trees do best where sheltered by grass or wild plants. In * Gour- deau Park ' there is shelter owing to the conformation of the ground, and the slopes have different exposures. I find where the slopes are exposed to the south-west and west winds (our prevailing winds) the trees are least promising.' The experience thus far had covers too brief a period to permit of the forming of any decided opinion as to the ultimate success of this experiment in tree planting on Sable Island. It does, however, seem to me notwithstanding the unfavourable condi- tions that the outlook is promising. The work is most interesting and the outcome of it will be carefully watched and the results obtained recorded from time to time in our reports. AGKICULTUKAL AND HOKTICULTUEAL DISPLAYS AT THE GLASGOW EXHIBITION. The immense resources of Canada as a food producing country and the important position which agriculture occupies here are not yet very well known in Great Britain, and one of the objects in view in the exhibit made in Glasgow was to bring before the visitors some i^ractical evidences of these remarkable agricultural resources and of the great progress made in recent years towards their development. With the very large variety and abundance of material available at the Experimental Farms, the assistance of the Departments of Agriculture of the provinces and the kind co-operation of lead- 7g EXPERIUEXTAL EARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 iug farmers in different parts of the Dominion there was brought together in the Cana- dian pavilion at Glasgow one of the finest collections of cereals ever made. By instruction of the Hon. Minister of Agriculture, Mr. "W. H. Hay, accountant of the Experimental Farms, was sent to Glasgow to put this material in place. His long experience with exhibitions in this coimtry and the ability and artistic taste he lias shown from time to time in the arrangement of the products of the Experimental Earms at exliibitions at home led to his being chosen to do similar work at the Paris Exposition in 1900. There he arranged an exhibit which was very much admired, but his work in Glasgow seems to have been an unusual triumph. THE CAXADIAX AGRICULTURAL TROPHY. Mr. Hay in his report, says : ' The agricultural products were shown in the form of an immense trophy, situated in the centre of the building, which was erected in the form of an octagon with a circumference of 65 feet, and rose to a height of 35 feet. In front of four of the arches were placed open stands or shelving, and on these were displayed the threshed grain in bottles of many sizes and shapes. Each sample was carefully labelled with the name of the variety, and as far as practicable the place of origin and the yield per acre was given. The placing of the bottles in the arches per- mitted of their being seen to advantage and examined from all sides. The other four arches were left open and used as passage ways. The spaces between the arches were built up with pillars of grain forming an open square with a glass cylinder of grain in the centre. ' On the outside the lower part of the trophy was decorated with sheaves of grain and hundreds of bunches of grain and grasses. Higher up the grain was massed and arranged in gothic arches and in circles, and when completed the structure had the appearance of an immense temple of cereals. Coats of arms of the provinces wei'e placed over each of the main arches, and some fine specimens of mounted " prairie chickens " were distributed among the sheaves of grain. ' In the centre of the trophy was a circular settee for the convenience of visitors who desired to rest, and above this was a glass case in which was shown samples of wool, flax, hops and leaf tobacco. From the ceiling of the trophy was suspended bunches of Indian corn in the ear, leaf tobacco and flax. Several large open urns with a capacity of about two bushels each were placed on convenient stands, and filled with choice red fife wheat. The desire for samples was so great that by the close of the first day the urns were nearly emptied of their contents. They were refilled, but in a day or two w^ere almost empty again. As the supply available was not sufficient to continue this free distribution very long the urns were shortly filled with palms, shrubs and plants. A further supply of such decorative material was used with good effect at different points on the trophy. A large number of electric lights were arranged in the arches and circles so as to illuminate the whole trophy, and it was thus made to appear very attractive at night. ' A number of e?:cellent photographs were displayed in convenient places about the trophy which interested the visitors very much. These included views of the Experi- mental Farms, fruit farms, scenes in connection with ranching, also with harvesting in Manitoba and the Xorth-west Territories. Good views were also shown of settlers' homes, giving the appearance of the farm when first located, and again a few years later under improved conditions. GOOD RESULTS FROM THE EFFORT. * The results of the installation of the agricultural exhibits at Glasgow were very satisfactory. Xo other display of the sort could be compared with it. and the material was all in place before the opening day. The agricultural trophy elicited the admira- REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 79 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 tion of visitors on every hand for its colossal character, and for the great variety and high quality of the products of which it was constructed. Much of the material for this magnificent display was provided from the crops of the experimental farms, the branch' farms at Brandon and Indian Head being the largest contributors. The straw of the samples of grain sent from the North-west was wonderfully clean and bright, and commanded the admiration of many of the old country farmers.' THE CANADIAN FRUIT DISPLAY. The display of fruit was also large and varied and highly creditable. This was in charge of Mr. Robert Hamilton, of Grenville, Que. Lists of the variecies of fruits deemed most desirable for showing in Glasgow were prepared by the writer when at the Paris Exposition in conference with Mr. A. McD. Allan and Mr. R. . Hamilton. These lists were forwarded to Ottawa and the fruit was secured in good season. As soon as collected it was sent at once to cold storage in Montreal and from Montreal to cold storage in Glasgow eaidy in the spring. On arrival in Glasgow the fruit was placed in cold storage there and taken out from time to time as required. When the packages were opened, the fruits, which were chiefly apples with a few pears, were found to be in excellent condition. The total supply sent v/as about 400 bushel boxes and five barrels. The number of varieties of apples shown at the opening of the exhibition was over 60, and included all the leading commercial sorts grown in nearly all the apple producing districts of the Dominion. The display of Canadian fruit was well maintained to the close of the exhibition, and at that time there were over 30. varieties in a good state of preservation. In connection with the exhibit of fresh fruit there was also an extensive collection of other sorts of Canadian fruits preserved in anti- septic fluids. These also were attractive in appearance and gave to the exhibit addi- tional charms. The fruit sent from Canada was practically the only good display of the sort at Glasgow, and was a constant source of wonder to the many thousands of visitors who daily gathered around the exhibition tables. These repeated exhibits of choice fruits at the large European exhibitions are doing much to dispel the mistaken ideas held — even by educated people — regarding the climate of Canada and at the same time have brought the excellent quality of Canadian apples prominently before a large number of European consumers. The notices given by the press were most flattering, and the excellence of Canadian food products was thus brought under the notice of a large number of people in Great Britain who were unable to be present at the exhibition. snow OF CEREALS FROM THE HARVEST OF 1901. Later in the season another collection of representative samples of Canadian grain was forwarded from the experimental farms at Brandon, Manitoba, and Indian ]Iead, N.W.T., all fresh from the wonderful harvest of 1901. These were kept to- gether and shown in a separate group, and assisted much in maintaining the interest in the Canadian display to the close of the exliibition. THE PAN-AMERICAN EXPOSITION AT BUFFALO, N.Y. A very complete and attractive exhibit of cereals and other agricultural products was prepared by the Experimental Farms for the Exposition at Buffalo. A commo- dious building was erected there by Canada, and this exhibit filled the greater part of the central court. The experimental farms all contributed to this display, but the greater portion of the material was supplied by the Central, Brandon and Indian Head farms. Grain in the straw was a prominent feature in this exhibit, and the large well- matured heads, with long bright straw especially of that from the farms at Brandon and Indian Head was much admired. Large collections of all the best varieties put 80 EXPERIMEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 up in small bunches labelled and shown under glass formed a very instructive feature iu this exhibit. There were also a large number of different sorts of cereals of very fine quality shown in glass jars tastefully arranged on stands. A good display was made of pease, beans, Indian corn, millets and many other agricultural products, in- cluding a good collection of the more important grasses of Canada, the latter put up under the supervision of Dr. Jas. Fletcher, Botanist of the Experimental Farms. The walls above the glass cases of grain in straw and grasses were panelled with various designs ingeniously worked out with different varieties of agricultural crops. These had a pleasing effect and were much admired. These designs were made at Ottawa by the farm foreman, Mr. John Fixter, and worked out under his supervision. He also put up a very fine display of honey produced at the apiary at the Central Farm which attracted much attention. I had the opportunity of visiting this exposition twice during the season, and found that the Canadian exhibit attracted a large number of visitors who were unstinted in their i:)raise of the magnificent samples and high quality of the agricultural products shown. REPORTS OX SOME JOURXEYS MADE. It has been my pleasure to attend many important gatherings of farmers, fruit- growers and others during the past year, where I have had opportunities of giving ad- dresses and of joining in the discussion of the subjects under consideration. It has been a matter of regret that the many pressing duties connected with my ofiice have prevented me from accepting more of the kind invitations which have been received, and which under other circumstances I should gladly have responded to. VISIT TO THE EXPERIMEXTAL FARM, XAPPAN, X.S. On my return journey from Sable Island I paid a visit to this farm, arriving May 24, when I carefully went over the different branches of work carried on there, and dis- cussed future plans with the Superintendent with the object of making the work of this farm increasingly useful to the farmers of the niaritime provinces. I found the stock in good condition. The recent additions to the barn accommodation will enable the Superintendent to enlarge his work in this direction, and the added conveniences will permit of the work being conducted to greater advantage. The farm fields were in good order, but the season was backward and unfavour- able, and the crops were not all in. Those which had been early sown were well up and looking healthy. An additional area of land had been cleared which will be gradually brought under cultivation. The general appearance of the farm and the condition of the buildings and stock showed evidences of careful management. Some tiseful addi- tions have been made to the dairy herd by the recent importation of valuable animals from Great Britain. The flock of sheep has also been greatly improved during the year by disposing of the less desirable animals, and the addition of a number of pure bred Leicesters and Shropshires. In the horticultural branch additions have been made to the varieties of fruit under test, and also to the collection of ornamental trees and shrubs. The group of perennial plants has been eillarged and additional supplies of flowering bulbs provided. VISIT TO THE EXPERIMEXTAL FARM AT BRAXDOX, MAX. In journeying west on my annual tour of inspection of the Experimental Farms, I arrived in Brandon on August 16. Flarvesting had begun, and during the two or three days previous had made rapid progress, and on many farms a considerable area Canada's Agkioultural Trophy at the Glasgow p:\hibition. nEroirr of the director 81 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 was in stook. The weather was very fine and ahnost everj'thing looked promising. The farm presented a neat and attractive appearance with its long, straight lines of experimental plots, on many of which the crops were now ripening. The cereals all looked well, excepting some of the oats which had suffered somewhat from rust. In- dian corn was growing vei-y fast and promised a heavy return, field roots were also progressing satisfactorily. Hay has been a very heavy crop ; the awnless brome grass and western rye grass have both done particularly well. The cattle in the pasture fields were in good condition, so also were the pigs and poultry. The buildings, imple- ments and the grounds generally all bore evidence of good care. The crops have jdeld- ed well as will be seen from the annual report of Mr. S. A. Bedford, the superinten- dent. Some of the neighbouring farms were visited and most of those well worked promised crops about equal to those on the Experimental Farm. Many of the trees in the Pyrus orchard had bloomed abundantly, but had been so injured by frost in June that there was very little crop. The plums had escaped in- jury from frost and the trees were well laden with fruit. Among these were a large number of new seedlings, none of which were ripe at that time, but on my return from the Pacific coast on the 12th September when I paid a second visit to Brandon, many of these varieties were ripe and proved of good quality. The small fruit plantations, tlie trees and shrubs in the arboretum and the hedges had all made satisfactory growth. The Dakota Cotton Wood Populus deltoidea which has imtil recently been a very pro- mising tree on account of its thrifty and rapid growth has for two or three years past been seriously affected by a yellow rust on the leaves which has destroyed the foliage and so weakened the trees that many of them have been killed outright. This is a serious trouble which seems to be spreading fast in Manitoba, and it is doubtful if it is wise to plant this cottonwood.to any great extent as a timber tree on account of its liability to this disease. The Russian poplars so far have been free from this trouble. Samples of the diseased leaves were forwarded to Dr. Jas. Fletcher, Botanist of the Experimental Farms, and in his j^rtion of this report particulars will be found of Bome of the characteristics of this troublesome growth. The flower beds about the buildings were full of bloom, and were much admired by visitors of which there were a goodly number every day. Experimental farm^ indian head, n.w.t. This farm was reached on August 19, when a careful examination was made of the crops, not only on the Experimental Farm, but on other farms in the district. Some of the grain had been cut, but the harvest was two or three days later than in Manitoba, and the yields were much heavier. The heads on some of the oat fields were' BO packed as to look from a little distance almost like a solid mass of grain. It was then estimated that some of the fields would give 100 bushels per acre, AVheat also has given larger crops than was expected. A perusal of the_ returns given by Mr. A. Mac- kay, superintendent, in his annual report appended, show most remarkable and' unprecedented yields, and the neighbouring farmers have in many instances grown crops as large as those on the Experimental Farm. The hay crop has been unusually large. Indian corn gave very heavy returns, manS'els and turnips also did well. The farm was found in its usual excellent condition, and reflected credit on the manager. The crop of fruits was also heavj'. A considerable number of the Siberian crabs Pyrus haccata bore such abundant crops that the trees had to be propped up to prevent them from breaking. These fruit trees which have proven perfectly hardy wherever tested in the Xorth-west bear fruits of varying size, on some trees they are very small on others they are of good size, but they all make excellent jelly if properly treated. 16—6* 12 lxi'kiumkxtm. fahms 1-2 edward vii., a. 1902 The Malting of Jelly from the fruit of Pyriis haccata. Some of the varieties are astringent, and many experiments have been tried in Ottawa to ascertain the best method of treating these fruits to obtain jelly of high quality and free from astringency. These experiments were conducted by Dr. C. E. Saunders, who has prepared the following notes : — ' In order to avoid unpleasant as- tringency in the jelly the following directions should be carefully carried out. Let the fruit be kept for some time after picking until it is thoroughly ripened. Take one quart of fruit, add about three pints of water, boil for about half an hour crushing the fruit when soft. Strain, first through a cullender and then once (or twice if a very clear product is desired) through a cloth. Heat the liquid to boiling ; add sugar and boil until it will set. This should take about ten minutes. The jelly should not be made very stiff. The amount of sugar to be added depends on whether a sweet or an acid jelly is desired. For a quart of fruit the quantity of granulated white sugar may vary from about a pound to two pounds. In the first case about one and one-quarter pints of jelly should be obtained, and in the second case a little more than a quart. The jelly from Pyrus haccata so made should be of a brilliant red col- our and of high quality.' A considerable number of these trees have been sent to settlers in different parts of the Xorth-west during the past five years, and iii some instances have now reached a bearing age. A Disease Affecting Manitoba Maple Seed. While visitiiig this farm my attention was called to a disease which has affected the crop of ]\[anitoba maple seed this year, and which has practically destroyed it all through the Indian Head district and as far west as Peuse. This disease affects, first, the ends of the wings of the seeds which dry up prematurely, and the disease extends from there to the seed itself. As the disease advances dark spots appear which show through on the seeds, and when these are torn open the interior is found to be dark coloured and empty. A sample of this diseased seed was sent to Dr. Jas. Fletcher, and in his report appended fuller reference is made regarding' this new pest. The plum trees at this farm also gave an abundant crop, and some of the varieties ripened well and were of good quality. The season was remarkable for the rapid growth of all sorts of forest and ornairiental trees and shrubs. Flowers also did remark- ably well. ^^SIT TO REGIXA AND PEXSE. A day was spent in examining the crops from Regina to Pense. The grain was found to be very heavy, and although the wheat was a little later in ripening than it was at Indian Head it matured well and was safely harvested before frost came. At Pense I visited the farm of Messrs. Spring-Eice, where I found very much to inter- est me. The crops were very fine and gave evidence of good farming, and the blocks of trees and shrubs were well cared for and making very excellent growth. A large pro- portion of these have been grown from young plants and seeds received from the ex- perimental farms. Many interesting flowering shrubs and plants were also found here all in a thriving condition. » VISIT TO SOUTHERN' ALBERTA. From Medicine Hat a trip was made to Lethbridge and from there south along the line of the large irrigation canal recently constructed by the Canadian North-west Irrigation Company, known as the Gait Irrigation Canal, which draws water from an inexhaustible supply in lakes fed by the melted snows of the Rocky Mountains from BEPOnr OF THE DIRECTOR 83 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 which flows the St. Mary's river. Tlie length of the main canal is 01 miles, of the Lethbridg-e branch 32 miles, and of the Stirling branch 22 miles, making the entire length of this canal system, 11,5 miles. Water is' now available for the irrigation of about 200,000 acres of land lying between the intake on the St. Mary's river — about five miles from the Montana boundary — to the town of Lethbridge. This great engi- neering work is likely to transform this section of country from one of comparative barrenness (for lack of necessary moisture) to one of great fertility. Through the kindness of Mr. A. T. Gait, and of the manager of the Irrigation Works, Mr. C. A. Magrath, I was given facilities for seeing this remarkable work. Nine years ago I drove across a portion of this country it was then almost uninhabited, a few bands of cattle only, then ranged the plains, and the only settlement of any size was Cardston. This was a Mormon settlement, numbering then about 400. Since that time the population of the district has increased to fully 4,000 people, and the increase has been most striking during the past two years. About Lethbridge the settlement is of the usual character, and consists of a mixture of nationalities, but that lying south-east of what are known as the * Rolling Hills ' and extending to the Montana boundary is almost entirely Mormon. GROWTH or THE mormox settlemext. In addition to the thriving town of Cardston, which now has a population of 1,200, there are two other rapidly growing towns, Magrath and Stirling, both of which were started in 1899. Magrath has now about 600 people, and Stirling 550. At each of these new settlements there were about 2,000 acres under crop this year. At each place eight sections of land containing in all 5,120 acres, are inclosed with a common fence and within this all the crops of the community are protected from the inroads cf stock. The houses of the settlers are well built, most of them being neat and com- fortable with pleasant surroundings. The streets are wide, and each house has about an acre of land which in most instances is well cultivated with garden vegetables, flowers and small fruits. Evidences of industry and frugality were everywhere seen. The vice of drunkenness is scarcely known among the Mormons, a very large propor- tion of them being total abstainers. Further, a considerable number of them drink neither tea nor coffee, using only milk or water as they believe this practice to be healthier and find it also more economical. Polygamy which is usually associated with Mormonism in the minds of most peo- ple, seems to be practically dead. It is said to be no longer a doctrine of the church, and as far as could be learned there was not the slightest evidence of such practice existing anywhere among the Mormons in Canada. They seem to be a law-abiding and industrious community,^ and their methods of co-operation are very helpful to the rapid progress of their settlements and the contentment of their people. In each set- tlement the head of each family is visited once a month by two of the leading men of the community, the wife also being visited at similar intervals by two of the leading women. During these friendly visits inquiries are made as to the health of the family and as to whether its supplies of food are sufficient, and when cases of suflfering or want are discovered efforts are at once made to relieve them. One of the funds available in the community for relief purposes is known as the • Fa.st Fund.' Every family is said to have a fast day once a month, and on that day only one meal is eaten. The value of the other two meals is estimated and an equi- valent sum given to the fast fund. This practice, it is alleged, does the fasters no harm, and provides a fund to which all contribute from which supplies can be drawn for the relief of the needy. By such methods much is done to bind each family to the community by bonds of sympathy and common interest. IG— CJ 84 EXPERIMENTAL EARUS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 A Proposed Beet Sugar Factory for Southern Alheria. One of the wealthy men of Utah, Mr. Jesse Knight, who is reputed to have large revenues from mines in that state, takes a very active interest in the Mormon settle- ments of Alberta. He has recently purchased a large cattle ranch not far from the irrigated districts, of 100,000 acres for one of his sons, stocking it with 5,000 head of cattle, at a total cost of about $450,000. He has also bought another large tract of land on which to found a new town and settlement, adjacent to the irrigation canal, to be named after his other son, Raymond, where Mr. Knight is about to establish a large beet sugar factory. A- party of surveyors were working on the open prairie lay- ing out this town site at the time of my visit, contracts had been made for the plough- ing of 3,000 acres of land to be completed before the end of the season, and a number of four-horse teams were then busily engaged in this work. Some of the pioneer set- tlers for this new town had already arrived, and in the meantime were living in tents. The 3,000 acres then being xjloughed will be cropped with grain in 1902, and the follow- ing year will be in condition for the growing of sugar beets. Each farmer coming into the settlement will have eighty acres of land and will contract in his deed of pur- chase to grow not less than ten acres of sugar beets each year, and in this way an abundant supply of beets will be assured. Mr. Knight is an ardent prohibitionist, and is having a clause put in each of his deeds of sale providing that in case of the estab- lishment at any time of any saloon or drinking place on any part of this property, such property shall be forfeited and revert to the original owner. It is expected that the beet sugar factory will be completed during the year 1902, and be ready to utilize the crop of 1903. A DKIVE OVER THE FOOTHILLS OF THE ROCKIES. Leaving Cardston a drive of fifty miles was taken over the rolling plains, which form the base of the foot-hill country, crossing the Blood Reserve and ending at the town of Pincher, which is situated on the line of railway through the Crow's Nest Pass. Many settlers are coming into this district, and the crops throughout this part of the country have been very encouraging. Notwithstanding its high elevation of from 3,000 to 3,.5P0 feet the climate is such that fall wheat is grown in many localities quite successfully. This now forms an important crop, both at Cardston and Pincher, many of the farmers reaping from 30 to 40 bushels per acre. The variety chiefly grown at Cardston is a beardless red-chaff wheat known as Odessa; that grown at Pincher is a bearded wheat the name of which has been lost. In all these settlements the people are in the midst of a good ranching country where cattle live in the open during the winter and most of the residents own more or less stock. THE GREAT COAL DISTRICTS. After going through the Crow's Nest Pass a day was spent at Fernie, the centre of the great coal producing district, visiting the mines. The o«tput of the mines there at that time was about 1,200 tons per day. A large proportion of this coal is made into coke which is used for the smelting of ores in the mining districts. Three hundred coke ovens were in operation at Fernie, and one hundred more were being built. At St. Michael, 25 miles east of Fernie; two hundred coke ovens were also in course of erec- tion, and some fine seams of coal are being opened there. The supplies of coal in this part of the Dominion are so vast as to be practically inexhaustible. ■ HE PORT OF THE DIRECTOR 85 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 VISIT TO THE EXPEUI MENTAL FARM AT AGASSIZ, B.C. Pursuing my journey westward I rea.ched Agassiz, B.C., early in September. I found the crops of grain at the Experimental Farm very good. Wheat, barley and oats have all yielded well. The hay crop had been unusually heavy, and Indian corn, field roots and potatoes were very promising. Particulars of all these will be found in the report of the superintendent, Mr. Thomas A. Sharpe. The crops on the Experi- mental Farm may be taken as a fair index as to those on farms generally in the coast climate. The fruit crop in the Frascr river valley in which the Experimental Farm is lo- cated, was disappointing. Cold and wet weather in the spring prevented much of the fruit from setting, so that there was comparatively few apples and pears. Later in (he season rot prevailed in the plums to such an extent that a considerable proportion of this crop was destroyed. The fruit trees in the more newly planted orchards were making satisfactory progress. The trees in the nut orchard had made good growth, and considering their age were bearing well. The forest an"d ornamental trees wore making rapid growth, and many of the shrubs and flowers blooming well. An addi- tional area of land has been cleared to provide for increased pasturage and an enlarge- ment of the orchards and to give additional ai-eas for field crops in the near future. The stock including the pure bred short-horns recently sent from Ontario were doing well, and the swine, sheep and fowls were all making satisfactory progress. In the interior of British Columbia the fruit crop was said to be good and of ex- cellent quality, but the limited time at my disposal prevented me from visiting any of these districts this year. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. It gives me much pleasure to acknowledge gratefully my obligations to those who have rendered me special services. To the United States Department of Agriculture to whom I am indebted for a number of diflferent sorts of cereals and other farm crops, to Dr. C. Doxrud, of the Technical School, of Christiania, Norway, for samples of cer- eals and other agricultural products grown in Norway. To the Director of the lloyal Gardens, Kew, England, for seeds of trees,' shrubs and plants from many countries., and to the Director of the Arnold Arboretum, Jamaica Plains, Mass., for seeds of promis- ing shrubs. Also to Prof. John Macoun, Naturalist of the Geological and Natural History Survey, and Mr. J. M. Macoun, assistant naturalist, for seeds of interesting Canadian plants. Acknowledgments are also due to the officers at the Central and Branch Esperi- mental Farms, for faithful services rendered and for their earnest co-operation in carrying out the many lines of work planned. My hearty thanks are also due to those members of the staff who have rendered me help in those branches of the work over which I have had personal charge; to the hor- ticulturist, Mr. W. T. Macoun, who has supervised the labour given to the trees and shrubs, and to the lawns on the experimental grounds ; to the farm foreman. Mr. John Fixter, who has carefully watched over the different branches of the work, has taken special charge of the experiments with fertilizers and made the notes thereon, he has also helped me much by many practical suggestions; to Mr. George Fixter, who has managed the work connected with the experimental plots of cereals, fodder crops and field roots, and has taken records of the growth and yield of all these, and has thus aided me much in furnishing material for the preparation of this report, to him I am also indebted for the careful management of the many details connected with the dis- EJPERIilEXTAL FIRMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 tribution of samples of seed grain, and to Ifr. Wm. Ellis, who has done careful work in testing the vitality of seeds, in the management of the greenhouse plants, in the propagation of many useful and ornamental species and in the taking of the meteoro- logical records. I desire also to acknowledge the faithful services of my secretary, Mr. Malcolm O'Hanley, to whose energy and industry I owe much of the success which has attended my general work. The employees also of all the farms in every branch of work are deserving of mention since they have shown commendable care and have faithfully discharged their respective duties. WM. SAUNDERS, Director Experimental Farms. 1-2 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 A. 1902 REPORT OF THE HORTICULTURIST. (W. T. Macoun.) Wm. Saunders, Esq., LL.D., Director Dominion Experimental Farms, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit, herewith, the fifteenth annual report of this division. During the past year many experiments were made with trees, shrubs, herbaceous plants, fruits, and vegetables, and a large amount of useful data was ob- tained, but owing to the necessarily limited space available, only that which it seems most desirable to publish is given. Character of Season. — Last winter was very unlike the previous one, for, while the weather during the winter of 1899-1900 was very changeable, that of 1900-1 was quite the contrary, and was noted for its long spells of cold weather. The winter set in very early, as snow fell on November 14, and remained. On account of this early fall of snow, and more following before very cold weather, the ground was protected from frost, and there was practically no frost in the ground all winter, a very un- usual occurrence at Ottawa. December was a cold month, the temperature falling to 18-8° F. below zero on the 10th. I'here was a considerable quantity of snow, and by Christmas there were fully 18 inches on the ground. During the month of January there was very little mild weather, and no real thaw. The lowest temperature was on the 20th, when it was 25 -5° F. below zero, which was the coldest day of the winter. During that month the snow increased in depth, and by the end of the month there were fully three feet on the ground. February was a very cold month, and the temperature did not rise above the freezing point from January 22 to March 2. While there were no heavy falls of snow in February, that which came remained. The snow did not apparently begin to get less imtil about the middle of March, and then it went slowly, as the weather was not warm, and it was very cloudy from March 21 to April 10. After April 1, the wea- ther became considerably milder, and when it became bright on April 10, the snow was all gone except in the drifts. The heavy covering of snow all winter and the absence of frost in the ground afforded good conditions for the wintering of herba- ceous plants, and such things came through well, the strawberries, especially, being in fine condition. There was, however, an unusual injury in the nursery among the young apple trees, as the bark of many of them was badly split within a foot of the ground. The trees grew until very late last autumn and the snow fell early on the unfrozen ground when the young trees were well charged with sap. The cause of the splitting was probably due to the fact that the snow prevented the frost from reaching the lower part of the trunk until very cold weather came, and then the severe frost caused the bark to burst. Many ornamental trees and shrubs which have been quite hardy or nearly so in the past had a large amount of wood killed by winter. Fruit trees also suffered in their tops much more than usual, while raspberry canes were badly injured, and in consequence the crop was practically a failure in this district. As there was no frost in the ground, it was only necessary to wait until the snow disappeared and the soil dried sufficiently to begin outside work. The first ploughing of the season was done in the orchard on April 12, and hand labour on April 8. The spring continued very favourable for work, and there was scarcely any frost 87 88 EXPERIMESTAL FAh'MS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 after the early part of April. The warmest day in April was on the 28th, when the temperature was 79 -8° F. Everything was well advanced by the middle of May, and at that time the season was fulb* a week earlier than in 1900. The warmest day of the month was on the Sth, when the temperature rose to 81 "2° F. There had been xeTv little rain all spring, but beginning with May 10, there were few days on which it did not rain until after June 3. This long p3riod of rainy weather had a bad effect on the setting of fruit, as the conditions for tlie fertilization of the flowers were vei*y unfavourable. As a result, the crop of apples, plums, and grapes was much lighter than it would probably have been otherwise. June was a warm month all the waj- through, and beginning with the 24th it was hot, the temperature rising to 96-8° F. on the 28th. This hot weather continued till July 2, when the heat moderated, but from July 12 to 18, there was another hot spell, the highest temperature of the year being recorded on the 16th, when it Jose to 99° F. This hot weather lessened the strawberry crop considerably, and was very injurious to potatoes, except where there was thorough cultivation. A^ugust was also a warm month, but not as warm as July. September was mild to warm. The first frost, which was a very light one, occurred on the 20th, when the melon vines were injured, but tomatoes were not hurt. There was a very high wind on the 28th which blew off a great quantity of apples and blew down several trees. The weather was fine and mild in October and very favourable for fall work. The temperature did not fall below 30° F. until. the 28th, when it went down to 27° F.. killing the foliage of the grape vines. Up to this time such tender plants as Cannas had not been killed, and in sheltered places tomato vines were still green. The early part of November w»3 also very favourable for outside work. On the 13th there was a heavy rain, which, freezing on the trees, weighed down the branches very much and many were broken, the cut-leaved birches suffering most of all. Four inches of snow fell on the 14th and remained, and winter may be said to have set in on that date. Fruit Crop. — The season of 1901 was not, on the whole, a favourable one for fruit. Owing to very rainy weather during the blossoming season the apples, plums, and grapes did not set their fruit as well as usual, but there was not a good show of bloom on the apple trees from the outset, and the crop of this fruit was small, but of good quality-. There was a fair crop of American plvuns, but the flower buds on the European varieties were winter killed, and hence there was no fruit from them. The pears had been so badly blighted in 1900 that there were few of the trees in con- dition to bear fruit, and hence there was practically none of that fruit. The flower buds of the cherries were killed by winter, and there was no crop. The raspberry crop throughout the Ottawa district was practically a failure, the canes having been badly injured by winter and in many cases killed outright. Althovigh bent down -at the experimental farm, for greater protection, they suffered badly, and there was a very light crop of this fruit. Strawberries came through the winter well and prom- ised a very heavy crop, but hot, dry weather came during the ripening season which lessened it considerably, though the crop on the whole was good. The grapes ripened well, but owing to poor fertilization of the flowers the crop was light. The potato crop, which was light in the Ottawa district, was good at the Farm. Tomatoes ripened well and there was a large crop this year. This was a favour- able season also for tobacco, the yield being good, and most varieties were well ma- tured. PROGRESS OF THE WORK. The work of the Horticultural Division continued to progress favourably this season, and most of the experiments undertaken in former years were carried on again. UEI'ORT OF THE llOh'TKI I/I I L'lHT 89 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Duriiiii: last winter a bulletin of 74 pages on Ai)ple CiiHurc wa.s prepared by the I-Iorticiilturist and pnldislied in April, 1901. There has been a great demand for this bulletin, and it is hoped that it will prove useful to Canadian fruit-growers. The top grafting f the irore tender varieties of apples was continued again this year, though many of those grafted in the past suffered from blight in 1000 and were injured by frost last winter. There is still good evidence, however, of the value of top grafting some kinds which would not otherwise succeed here. . A seedling apple orchard was begun this season, and 494 trees planted, most of which had been grown from seed of apples ripened here. It is hoped that from these seedlings a productive, hardy, late-keeping dessert apple of good quality will be obtained, as such a variety is much needed here. Many new varieties of apples were obtained from various sources, some of which were root grafted and others top grafted. The number of varieties in the orchard was also increased by young trees from the nursery. The American i^lums are proving very useful in this district, and there is now a large collection of named varieties in the orchard. As they fruit, these are de- scribed and those found the most satisfactory recommended for planting. A large number of seedlings have been raised from some of the best sorts, and as they fruit they too are tested and described, and if found to be of inferior merit, discarded. A few sorts of great promise have already been obtained. A new currant plantation was made last spring containing 111 varieties ; a straw- berry plantation containing 218 varieties, and this autumn a raspberry plantation was made of 63 varieties. Many experiments with vegetables were conducted this year, and the average re- sults of some which have been carried on for five and six years obtained, which are very valuable as a guide to farmers and market gardeners. The List of Best Vege- tables for Farmers, published in this report, gives in a concise form the conclusions reached regarding the merits of the different sorts. Experiments in testing different varieties of tobacco were continued, and the crop was harvested in good condition and cured in the tobacco house. This was a favourable year for tobacco, it having ripened and cured well. Measurements were again taken in the forest belts of the annual growth in height and circumference of the different kinds of timber trees, and new plantations were made where other trees had not succeeded. The Arboretum never looked better than it did this year. Large additions were made to the collection of herbaceous perennials, and some new sorts of trees and shrubs w'ere planted. Five hundred and twenty-five species and varieties were ob- tained last spring and planted in nursery rows and will be put in their permanent positions next spring. Notes were made again this year on the hardiness and growth of the different species and varieties. As in the past, the correspondence has occupied considerable time, but this is one of the, best means of conveying information obtained from the experiments conducted here direct to those who are most anxious to get it. The experiments made with a lime mixture for the destruction of the oyster- shell bark-louse were continued last winter, and additional experience gained as to the value of this remedy. Bordeaux mixture and Paris green were used very faithfully in spraying for fungous diseases and biting insects, and the good results from these applications were, as a rule, very apparent. Other mixtures and solutions were used in smaller quantities. Meetings attended and Places visited. — I had the pleasure of attending eight meetings during the past year, and while there endeavoured to be of as much service as possible to the farmers and fruit-growers with whom I came in contact. At the meeting of the Nova Scotia Fruit Growers' Association, held at Wolf- ville, N.S., on January 28, 29 and 30, I gave an address on ' The Development of 93 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWAhO VII., A. 1902 Spraying in Canada,' and at the meetings of the Farmers' Associations, at Kentville, IST.S., an address on ' Potato Culture.' From Nova Scotia, I went to Prince Edward Island, attending a special meeting of fruit-growers at Cardigan on February 5, and the meeting of the Farmers' Association at Middleton on the 8th. The meeting of the Prince Edward Island Fruit Growers' Association was held at Charlottetown on February 6 and 7, at which I gave an address on ' Apple Growing.' It was also my pleasure to attend the summer meeting of the Quebec Pomological Society, held at Riviere du Loup, Que., on August 20 and 21, where I gave a lectiaxe on ' Hardy Fruits.' On September 12 and 13, I was present at the meeting of the American Pomological Society at Buffalo, N.Y., and delivered an address on ' Orchard Renova- tion ' ; and at the meeting of tlie Ontario Fruit Growers' Association, held at Co- bourg, Ont., on December 4, 5, and 6, I gave a talk on ' The American Plum.' While at Buffalo, in September, I visited the Pan-American Exhibition and stud- ied the fruit in the large collections there, and during the same absence from home I visited the Agricultural Experiment Station, at Geneva, N.Y., and the Experiment Station at Cornell University, Ithaca, X.Y., in order to learn something of the work being done at these stations and something which would be helpful in my work at Ottawa. Returning homewards, I visited several fruit farms in the Grimsby dis- trict and examined the trees and crops there. During the autumn, I also visited the orchards and nursery of the Trappist Fathers at Oka, P.Q., and found much of inter- est there. At the same time I visited the orchards of Mr. R. W. Shepherd, Como, P.Q., where there was much to be seen that will be useful to me. Acknowledgments. — I have much pleasure in acknowledging, and am very grate- ful for, the many kindnesses shown me by fruit-growers both in Canada and the United States. Information which it was necessary to have, in order to do my work with greater accuracy, has been freely given by many fellow-workers, and I fully appreciate the value of such help. To the fruit-growers of Ontario and Quebec, who assisted me in getting the necessary data to compile the district apple lists for my bulletin on Apple Culture, I am particularly grateful, as the ready response to my inquiries made it possible to make the lists much more accurate than they would have been otherwise. I again take the opportunity of acknowledging the services of Mr. J. F. Watson, secretary to the Horticultural division, whose knowledge of the work relieves me of much office work which he is thus able to do himself. Mr. H. Holz, the foreman, con- tinues to superintend the outside work satisfactorily, and I am pleased to note the great interest he takes in it. Donations. — The following donations were received during the year, and this opportunity is taken to gratefully acknowledge the same : — DOXATIONS. Sender. Donations. Arboretum, Arnold, Jamaica Plain, Mass., U.S. Seeds. Beall. Thos., Lindsay, Ont Scions of late red apple. Beach. Prof. S. A., Geneva, N.Y Grape cuttings. Botanic Garden, Durban, South Africa Seeds. Botanic Garden, Madras, India Seeds. Brodie, R., Montreal, P.Q Scions of a red Fameuse apple. Cockburn, .T. C, Gravenhurst, Ont Scions of Nora, Minto, and Sally Brown apples. Dempsey, W. H., Trenton, Ont Samples of 44 varieties of fruit. Apple scions. DeWolfe, M. G.. Kentville, N.S , Bulbs. Dupuis, Aug., Village des Aulnaies. Que Tree and scions of Amaryllis plum, and seed- ling apple scions. Fonthill Nurseries. Fonthill, Ont ' Scions of 8 Japanese plums. Guay. A. E., Ville Marie, Que ! Currant cuttings. Hamilton, Robert, Grenville, Que iChilds and Blair crab apple scions. Hodgins, A. S., Osnabruck Centre, Ont I .\pple scions. REPORT OF THE HORTICULTURIST SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 DONATION'S— -C'onf?/(r7t'f/. 91 Sender. Hutt, Prof. H. L., O.A.C., Guelph, Ont Iowa Horticultural Society. Davenport, la. Jack, N. E., Chateauguay Basin, Que Kerr, W. J., Renfrew, Ont Knox, A., Chesterfield, Oat Lalonde, A., Isle Perrot, Que Lathe, H., Lacolle, Que Leonard, E., Cobourg, Ont Macoun, J. M., Geological Survey, Ottawa. Matheson, Miss Joan, Perth, Ont McFarland, F. H., Hyde Park, Vt., U.S.... Donations. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England Sears, P. W., Snow View Garden, via Nalnl Tal, N.W.P., India Shepherd, R. W., Como, Que Stubbert, G. E., Little Pond, C.B., N.S Terrill, A. M., Picton, Ont... Tuttle, A. G., Baraboo, Wis., U.S Van Fleet, Dr. W., Rural New Yorker, N. York.] Walker, Jos., Strathroy, Ont Wallenshlager, C, New Edinburgh, Ont Wilkins, O. F., Bridgebury, Ont j Young, Charles, Richard's Landing, Ont 24 plants of Irene and Jucunda strawberries. Plum scions. Scions of Co.x's Orange Pippin apple. 50 plants Shaffer raspberry. Apple scions. Scions of unknown apple. Apple scions. Scions of unknown apple. Seeds. Scions of Rufus apple. Scions of Roseau, McLure Pippin, Russian, Baldwin, Aurora, and Corliss Red apples. Collection of seeds. 100 nuts of Jiii/laiis rcgia. Scions of Early Joe and La Rochelle apples. Apple scions. Seeds of Terrill's Early tomato. Scions of Repka Malenka apple. Rosa icichuriana hybrid. Scions of unknown apple. Scions of seedling apple. Seedling grape cuttings. Scions of seedling apple. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, W. T. MACOUN, Horticulturist. APPLES. While there was practically no root-killing in the apple orchard last winter, trees died on account of the severe weather, evidently being weakened by blight in 1900. There was more injury to the tops of the trees than there has been for some years, probably due to long continued cold, dry weather, which caused more evapora- tion of moisture than the trees could stand. Two trees each of Ben Davis and Stark, the former planted in 1890, and the latter in 1891, were killed outright, and two trees of Gano, planted in 1891, were much weakened. These are given as examples of comparatively hardy varieties which were affected by last winter. During the summer 17 trees were blown down and in nearly every case the trunk was rotten almost entirely through. These trees had all been planted since 1887. Every year a number of trees go in this way, and it is diffi- cult to tell what is the real cause, as it is not restricted to the tenderer varieties, but even the so-called iron clads rot in this way. The orchard has suffered much in past years from blight and root-killing and many trees are affected with the so- called black heart, and all these combined weaken them very much. The trees on the whole, however, look healthy and have been improving in this respect from year to year. The Russian orchard, comprised mostly of varieties of Russian origin, looks particularly well, the trees being healthier than in- the standard orchard. 92 EXl'ERIMEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 The crop of apples was light this year. There was not a good show of bloom to begin with and the wet weather which occurred during the blossoming season was very unfavourable to the pollination of the flowers, the result being that comparatively few apples set. Varieties which had good crops on some trees were McMahon White, Wealthy, Patten's Greening, Duchess of Oldenburg, Haas, Cross, Longfield, and Salome. There was little blight in the orchard this year, and the season v/as a favourable one for growth. The cover crop in a large part of the standard orchard was ploughed under on April 13, and after cultivating several times to kill sod, the ground w-as re- sown with common red clover at the rate of 12 lbs. per acre on June 4, which re- sulted in a good stand. The cover crop in all the Russian orchard was ploughed under on April 23, and the soil kept cultivated until July 29, when it was re-sown with clover, and there was a fine cover crop by autumn. In other parts of the stand- ard orchard the clover was cut at intervals and allowed to rot, as has been the custom in previous years. In the spring, 8G trees were planted in the apple orchards. Of these, 69 were to fill vacancies, and l9 were planted in an additional row wdiich was made to the Rus- sian orchard. The vacancies were caused by death and by the rooting up of trees of inferior varieties. The Tetofsky has not been found a profitable apple here, al- though the tree is very hardy. It is inclined to overbear, and the fruit is small and drops badly. In 1888, there were 40 trees planted of this variety, 27 of which were living last spring, and as the space was required for the testing of other kinds, 13 of these were removed. During the past season the early varieties were sprayed three times, and the late varieties four times with Bordeaux mixture and Paris green, and the fruit was practically free from spot, though the Codling Moth did some injury. Last autumn 47 trees, which were more or less affected by the Oyster-shell Bark-louse, were sprayed with the lime mixture, and the results were very satisfactory, there being few scales left on the trees. The trunks of the trees and large branches were washed with the alkaline wash for the prevention of borers. This wash is made by reducing soft soap to the eansistency of thick paint by the addition of a strong solution of washing soda in water, and is applied with a brush. Only two borers were found in about 1,200 trees, showing that the orchards are practically free from this insect. Last winter was a very hard one on the young top grafted trees and some which had come through two winters without injury were killed outright. The blight of 1900 also had done much injury, both to the stocks and grafts, as a result there was a great set-back to this work. However, some varieties are doing well. The work was continued last spring and additional trees were grafted and others finished which had been begun in i)revious years. SEEDLING APPLE ORCILVUD. Most of the named varieties of apples growing in America to-day were origin- ated as seedlings. Our forefathers brought apple seeds with them from the old land and sowed tliem in this country. Tlie young trees raised from these grew up and bore fruit, and occasionally' a variety of merit would thus be produced, and then propa- gated. In later times chance seedlings grew up in the fence corners and other waste places, and these also bore fruit and added their quota of good sorts. From trees like these have originated such fine varieties as Xorthern Spy, Baldwin, Fameuse, Mcin- tosh Red. and many others. Of late years more systematic efforts have been made to originate new varieties from seed. But the varieties of really useful apples which have originated in this way have been very few indeed. At the Central Experimental Farm at Ottawa, considerable work has been done in raising seedling ajiples, especially from seed of Russian varieties, but no kinds of great merit have yet been produced. REPORT OF THE HORTICULTURIST 93 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 In the year 1890, an orchard was planted comprising about 3,000 trees grown from seed imported from E. Goegginger, Eiga, Russia. The seed from which these were grown was said to have been talven from apples grown north of Kiga, Russia. Of these there are now 898 remaining, the rest having been killed by blight or winter or removed on account of weak growth or inferior quality. These began to fruit in 1897, when about 50 trees bore. In 1898 there were 40 trees which fruited ; in 1899 there were 43 ; in 1900 there were 26, and in 1901 there were 18, making a total of 177 trees which have borne fruit. None of these apples are sufficiently promising to be worthy of special mention, but a few of them are as good as the majority of the named Russian varieties. Nearly all of them are summer apples. As the Russian seedling trees had not produced any varieties of great merit (unless it be found that they are hardier than other kinds) it was decided to grow a large number of seedlings from the best varieties which had fruited at Ottawa, in order to try and obtain something good from them. Accordingly, seeds were sown in 1S98, 1899 and 1900, and a large number of seedling apple trees raised from them, and this year 494 were planted out in the pear orchard, places being left for the per- manent pear trees. The ti-ees were planted 10 by 10 feet apart in most cases. The soil was kept thorouglily cultivated, and the young trees made thrifty growth. The trees were made up of the following: — 79 seedlings of Mcintosh Red, 65 Lawver, 63 Shiawassee Beauty, 53 Wealthy, 53 Swayzie Pomme Grise, 39 Scott's Winter, 39 Winter St. Lawrence, 26 Northern Spy, 25 American Golden Russet, 10 St. Lawrence, 9 Edgehill, 6 Gano, 5 Fameuse, 3 Salome, 1 Ribston Pippin, 1 Pewaukee, 17 miscellan- eous (fruit not ripened here) ; total, 494. In addition to these, the following hybrids, originated by Prof. John Craig, were planted : — 5 Pyrus baccata, female, with Duchess of Oldenburg, male ; 8 Pyrus bac- cata, female, with Tetofsky, male ; 21 Pyrus baccata, female, with Martha, male ; a total of 34 trees. SEEDLING APPLES. Notwithstanding the poor crop of fruit this year, a nimiber of seedlings were sent in for examination and description, among which w;ere several of merit. It is always a pleasure to examine these fruits, and we trust that every year those who have new varieties will send them to the Horticulturist that he may compare them with other varieties. Full descriptions arc published of the most promising of those which were re- ceived : — No. 203. — R. Hamilton, Grenville, Quebec. Apple seedling. — Size, medium to below, roundish, yellow, splashed and washed with deep red ; cavity deep, medium width ; basin deep, medium width, wrinkled ; etem short, slender ; calj'x closed ; dots obscure ; skin thin but tough ; core, small ; flesh, white, crisp, very tender, juicy, tinged with red to core ; sub-acid, with a pleasant but peculiar flavour ; quality, good to very good ; season, December, January. Evidently a Fameuse seedling. Tested January 23, 1901. No. 204. — Joshua Bull, East Farnham, Quebec. Apple seedling. — Above medium size, roundish to oblate, pale greenish yellow, splashed and washed with carmine ; cavitj', medium depth, open ; basin, deep, medium width, wrinkled ; stem, medium length, slender ; calyx, closed ; dots, obscure ; skin, thin, moderately tender • core, small ; flesh, white, tinged with red, tender, juicy ; mild sub-acid, with a pleasant flavour ; quality, good ; season, early October. Said to be a seedling raised by Joshua Bull, East Farnham, Que. Might prove useful if a good cropper. Tested October 15, 1901. No. 205. — J. P. Jones, Echo Vale, Que. Apple seedling. — Large, roundish coni- cal, pale greenish yellow, splashed and washed with carmine ; cavity, deep, medium §1 '^'^^^-"^''BXPEniMEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 width, slightly russetted ; basin, medium depth and width, wrinkled ; stem, short, moderately stout ; calyx, closed ; dots, obscure ; skin, moderately thick, tough ; core, small ; flesh, dull white, tender, juicy ; sub-acid ; quality, good ; season, early win- ter. May be a desirable apple if tree is very hardy. Tested November 4, 1901. Xo. 206. — A. Dupuis, Village des Aulnaies, Que. Apple seedling. — A medium sized, very productive apple of medium quality. Xo. 207. — Thos. Armstrong, Springdale, Out. — Stanleydale, apple seedling. — A large, pale yellow apple, lightly splashed with pink on sunny side ; quality, above medium ; season, evidently from mid to late September. Xo. 208. — C. A. Cass, L'Orignal, Ont. Apple seedling. — Above medium size, roundish, pale yellow, almost covered with deep rod, but a few patches only streaked with it ; cavity, deep, medium width ; basin, medium depth and width, wrinkled ; stem, medium length, moderately stout ; calyx, closed ; dots, moderately numerous, small, distinct, but not prominent, yellow ; bloom, rather heavy ; core, medium size ; flesh, white, tinged with red, crisp, juicy ; sub-acid, with a pleasant, Fameuse-like flavour ; quality, good ; season, probably early to mid September. A promising apple very much resembling Russell. Tested September 3, 1901. Xo. 209. — Miss Joan Matheson, Perth, Ont. — Eufus, apple seedling. — Medium size, roundish conical, pale yellow, well washed with crimson ; cavity, narrow, med- ium depth, russetted ; basin, narrow, shallow, slightly wrinkled ; stem, short, slender ; calyx, closed ; dots, numerous, pale yellow, distinct ; bloom slight ; skin, moderately thick, tough ; core, small ; flesh, white, tinged with pink almost to core, juicy, ten- der ; sub-acid, pleasant flavour ; quality, good, almost very good ; season, mid-winter to late winter. Probably a seedling of Fameuse. Tested April 20, 1901. Xo. 210. — E. Leonard, Cobourg, Ont. — Unknown apple. — Above medium size, roundish, conical, green, splashed and washed with deep red ; cavity, rather shallow, open ; basin, narrow, shallow, wrinkled ; calyx, medium size, closed ; dots, fairly numerous, pale, distinct, but not prominent ; skin, thick and tough ; core, medium size ; flesh, yellowish white, crisp, tender, juicy ; sprightly sub-acid, pleasant flavour ; quality, very good ; season, late winter. Xo. 211. — T. W. Gibbs, Huntsville, Ont. — Apple seedling. — Above medium size, roundish conical, pale greenish yellow, splashed and washed with carmine ; cavity, medium depth and width ; basin, narrow, medium depth, slightly wrinkled ; stem, short, moderately stout ; calyx, closed ; dots, obscure ; skin, moderately thick, tough; core, medium ; flesh, white, tender, juicy ; sweet, pleasant flavour; quality, good for a sweet apple ; season, October. A good sweet apple for its season. Tested October 9, 1901. Xo. 212. — C. Wallenshlager, Xew Edinburgh, Ont. — Large winter apple seedling. Xos. 213 to 21G. — Thos. Frankland, Stonewall, Man. — Maude, Laura, Myrtle, and Annie apples. All small apples which may prove valuable in Manitoba. Xo. 217. — X. E. Jack, Chateauguay Basin, P.Q. — Xorman, apple seedling, — Above medium to large, roundish, greenish yellow, well washed and splashed with deep red with a purplish tinge ; cavity, deep, medium width ; stem, short, moderately stout ; basin, narrow, medium depth, slightly wrinkled ; calyx, closed ; dots, small, yellow, moderately numerous, distinct ; skin, thick, moderately toiigh ; core, medium; flesh, yellow, juicy, rather coarse, mildly sub-acid ; quality, good ; season, mid-win- ter to late winter. A promising winter apple. This apple was partly described in the report of tlie Montreal Horticultural Society for 1883. It originated at Chateauguay Basin, P.Q., and was first brought to notice by the late Robt. Jack, of that place. REPORT OF TEE nGRTICULTURFST 95 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 VARIETIES OF APPLES^ NEW OR NOT WELL KNOWN IN ONTARIO AND QUEBEC. For a number of years descriptions of apples have been published in the annual reports of *the .Horticulturist, most of which were of new or little known varieties. In a bulletin on Apple Culture, published this year, 53 kinds of apples were described, most of which wore standard varieties. As there are so many new kinds continually appearing, it has been thought best to continue the work of describing the newer or not well known sorts. Akin Red. — Fruit, oblate to roundish, slightly angular ; medium size ; cavity, medium depth to deep, open, sometimes irregular on one side ; stem, medium length, slender ; basin, medium depth and width, slightly wrinkled ; calyx, medium size, partly open ; colour, yellow, almost covered with bright rich red c%' crimson ;.dots, numerous, yellow, district, not prominent ; skin, thin, moderately tough ; flesh, yellow- ish, crisp, juicy, very tender, melting ; core, medium! ; mildly sub-acid, pleas- ant flavour ; quality, verj- good ; season,' mid-winter to late winter. A very beauti- ful apple. Promising. Received from W. C. Reid, Belleville, Ont., and described January 8, 1901, also from W. H. Dempsey, Trenton, Ont., and described December 10, 1901. Bahhlt. — Fruit, oblate, conic, angular, large ; cavity, deep, narrow, russetted ; stem, short, slender ; basin, narrow, medium depth, wrinkled ; calyx, medium size, open ; yellow, well washed and splashed with red with orange shade ; dots, few, yellow, distinct, but not prominent ; flesh, yellow, juicy, coarse, briskly sub-acid or acid, little character ; core, medium size ; quality, medium ; season, late winter. Grown at C. E. F. ; described January 4, 1901. .Bara?;oo.— Fruit, roundish to oblate, large ; cavity, deep, narrow, slightly rus- setted, wrinkled ; stem, short, moderately stout ; basin, medium depth and width, slightly wrinkled ; calyx, closed ; pale greenish yellow, lightly splashed and streaked with bright purplish red (carmine) ; dots, fairly numerous, pale, indistinct ; skin, moderately thick, tender ; flesh, yellowish, crisp, juicy ; core, small ; briskly sub- acid ; quality, above medium ; season, early to mid-September. May be useful for season following Duchess, which it resembles somewhat. Grown at C. E. F. De- scribed September 6, 1901. Boilcen. — Fruit, oblate, angular, large ; cavity, deep, open, slightly russetted at its base ; stem, short, slender ; basin, deep, medium width, slightly wrinkled ; calyx, large, open ; pale yellow witli bright reddish pink blush ; dots, fairly numerous, dis- tinct, prominent on blushed part ; skin, thick, tough ; flesh, yellowish, crisp, tender, juicy ; core, medium size, open ; briskly sub-acid, not high flavour ; quality, good ; season, late winter. Received from W. H. Dempsey, Trenton, Ont. Described De- cember 8, 1900. Doivning's Winfer Maiden's Blush. — Fruit, oblate, large ; cavity, medium depth and width ; stem, short, stout ; basin, deep, medium width, smooth ; calyx, closed ; yellow with a pink blush, handsome ; dots, moderately numerous, pale yellow ; skin thick, tough ; flesh, yellowish, buttery, juicy ; core, medium size ; mildly sub-acid, pleasant flavour ; quality, good ; season, mid-winter. Received from W. H. Dempsey, Trenton, Ont. Described December 21, 1901. Duffcy's Seedling. — Fruit, oblong conical, above medium to medium ; cavity, medium depth, narrow ; stem, short, moderately stout ; basin, shallow to medium depth, medium width, wrinkled ; calyx, open ; yellow, well washed with deep red • dots, fairly numerous, yellow, distinct, prominent ; skin, moderately thick, tender ; flesh, yellow, tender, rather coarse, moderately juicy ; core, medium size ; sub-acid] gg EXI'ERIMEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 peculiar flavour, spicey, not altogether pleasant ; quality, above medium ; season, late winter. A handsome apple and a good keeper. Received from W. H. Dempsey, Tren- ton, Ont. Described January 4, 1901. Early Joe. — Fruit, oblate, medium size ; cavity, deep, open ; stem, short, stout ; basin, medium depth and width, smooth ; calyx closed ; yellow, well washed and splashed with bright red with a pink tinge ; dots, numerous, yellow, distinct, promi- nent ; skin, thin, tender; flesh, yellow, juicy, tender, melting ; core, small ; sub-acid, sprightly , pear-like , pleasant flavour ; quality, very good to best ; season, mid- September to late September. Specimens received from E. W. Shepherd, Como, Que. Described September 19, 19(Jl. An old variety. EdgeliiU. — Fruit, oblate, flattened, large to above medium size ;. cavity, deep, medium width, russetted ; calyx, closed, or partly open ; stem, short, moderately stout ; basin, deep, open, to medium, almost smooth ; yellow, heavily splashed and washed with dark purplish red ; dots, yellow, moderately numerous, distinct ; skin, thick, tough ; flesh, white, tender, juicy ; core, small ; sub-acid, pleasant flavour, good ; quality, good ; season, early winter. This is a good dessert apple. The flavour is somewhat like St. Lawrence. Grown at C. E. F. Described November 11, 1901. Fameiise Sucre.— Yruit, oblate, flattened, medium size ; cavity, open, deep ; stem, medium length, moderately stout ; basin, medium depth and width, wrinkled ; calyx, closed ; pale yellow almost entirely washed or splashed with crimson ; dots, moderately numerous, purple, indistinct ; skin, moderately thick, tough ; flesh, white, crisp, ten- der, juicy, Fameuse-like ; core, small ; mildly sub-acid, pleasant flavour ; quality, very good ; season, mid to late September. Very similar to Fameuse in character of flesh and somewhat in flavour. Colour of skin is also very similar to Fameuse. Specimens received from R. W. Shepherd, Como, Que. Described September 19, 1901. Mr. Shepherd is not certain whether this is true to name. Hamilton. — Fruit, oblate, above medium to large ; cavity, deep, open, russetted ; stem, short, moderately stout ; basin, deep, open, slightly wrinkled, almost smooth ; calyx, open ; pale yellow with a pink blush ; dots, fairly numerous, indistinct ; skin, moderately thick, tender ; flesh, yellowish, tender, moderately juicy ; core, small ; sub-acid, pleasant flavour ; quality, good or almost good ; season, late October, No- vember. Not attractive enough looking to be very promising. Grown at C. E. F. Described November 8, 1901. Horn. — Fruit, roundish, below medium size ; cavity, medium depth and width ; stem, medium length, slender ; basin, shallow, op3n, almost smooth ; calyx, medium size, closed, or partly open ; skin, yellow, almost covered with deep crimson ; dots, fairly numerous, medium size, yellow, conspicuous ; skin, moderately thick, tough ; flesh, yellow, tinged with red, juicy, very tender ; core, medium ; sub-acid, medium ; quality, good ; season, early winter. A very handsome apple. Received from W. II. Dempsey, Trenton, Ont. Described November 10, 1900. Jefferis. — Fruit, oblate, size, medium to above ; cavity, deep, open, slightly russetted ; stem, very short, slender ; basin, deep, open, smooth; calyx, open ; pale yellow splashed and washed with crimson ; dots, fairly numerous, yellow, distinct ; skin, moderately thick, moderately tender ; flesh, yellowish, tender, melting, juicy ; core, small ; mildly sub-acid, pleasant flavour, good ; quality, very good ; season, September to mid-October. A fine dessert apple. Received from W. H. Dempsey, Trenton, Ont. Described November 2, 1901. An old variety. Kinnaird. — Fruit, roundish, prominently angular, above medium size ; cavity, medium depth and width ; stem, short, stout ; basin, medium depth and width, wrinkled ; calyx, medium size, open ; greenish yellow, well washed and splashed with REPORT OF THE HORTlCi ETU RIST 97 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 deep, dull red ; dots, few, obscure ; skin, thick, tough ; flesh, yellow, crisp, tender^ moderately juicy ; core, small ; sub-acid, pleasant flavour ; quality, good ; season, mid-wiuter to late winter. Grown at C.E.F. Described January 8, 1901. , Roclidle. — Originated with E. W. Shepherd, Como, P.Q. Fruit, roundish, ob- tusely conical, large ; cavity, deep, medium width ; stem, short, moderately stout ; basin, deep, medium width ; calyx, open ; colour, yellow, well splashed and washed with bright purplish red ; dots, fairly numerous, yellow, distinct, but not prominent ; skin, moderately thick, moderately tender ; flesh, yellowish, crisp, firm, juicy ; core, small to medium ; sub-acid, pleasant flavour ; quality, good ; season, early to near mid-winter. A large, handsome apple. Specimens from W. H. Dempsey, Trenton, Ont., and from R. W. Shepherd, Como, P.Q. Described November 27, 1901. For further information regarding the origin of this variety, see report of the Horticul- turist for 1896, where it is already described. Milding. — Fruit, oblate, large ; cavity, medium depth and width, russetted ; stem, short, stout ; basin, medium depth, open, almost smooth ; calyx, open ; greenish yel- low, splashed and washed with purplish red mostly on sunny side ; dots, few, small, yellow, indistinct ; skin, thick, tough ; flesh, yellowish, crisp, juicy ; core, medium size, open ; sub-acid, pleasant flavour ; quality, good ; season, early winter. Received from VV. li. Dempsey, Trenton, Ont. Described November 18, 1901. Missouri Pippin. — Originated in Missouri. Fruit, roundisli conic, somewhat an- gular, medium size ; cavity, deep, medium width ; stem, short, slender ; basin, nar- row, medium depth, wrinkled ; calyx, small, partly open ; yellow, well splashed and washed with dep red ; dots, fairly numerous, small, yellow, distinct ; skin, thick, tough ; flesh, yellowish, crisp, moderately juicy, rather coarse ; core, small ; sub-acid, pleasant flavour ; quality, good ; season, late winter. Grown at C.E.F. Described December 24, 1901. A hardy variety which may prove useful in this country. OJcahena. — Fruit, oblate, above medium size ; cavity, deep, moderately open to open ; stem, short, to medium, moderately stout ; ; basin, deep, medium width, slight- ly wrinkled ; calyx, open ; greenish yellow, streaked, splashed and washed with pur- plish red mostly on sunny side ; dots, few, obscure ; skin, moderately thick, moder- ately tough ; flesh, yellowish, crisp, tender, rather coarse, juicy ; core, small ; briskly 8ub-acid ; quality, above medium ; season, late September to early October. Re- sembles Duchess somewhat in appearance and quality, but is a more oblate apple than Duchess. Grown at C.E.F. Described October 3, 1901. Palouse. — Originated in Washington Territory. Fruit, roundish to oblate, above medium size ; cavity, deep, open ; stem, medium length, slender ; basin deep, med- ium width, smooth ; calyx, open ; yellow, well splashed and washed with deep orange red ; dots, fairly numerous, yellow, distinct ; skin, moderately thick, moderately ten- der ; flesh, yellow, crisp, juicy ; core, medium ; briskly sub-acid, sprightly ; quality, almost good ; season, early to mid-winter. A handsome apple. Flesh not fine grained enough to make a good dessert fruit. Received from W. II. Dempsey, Trenton, Ont. Described November 12, 1901. Parlin's Beauty. — Fruit, roundish, ribbed (but not prominently), large ; cavity, deep, medium width, russetted ; stem, short, slender ; basin, deep, narrow ; calyx, small, closed ; pale j'ellow, splashed and washed with bright red, mostly on sunny side ; dots, few, pale yellow, distinct ; bloom, slight ; skin, moderately thick, tough ; flesh, white, juicj^ very tender, melting ; core, small ; sub-acid, pleasant but not high flavour ; quality, very good ; season, November. This is a very handsome apple and promising for its season. Received from W. H. Dempsey, Trenton, Ont. Described November 5, 1900. 16—7 98 EXPERIMEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Patten's Duchess. — Fruit, oblate, above medium size ; cavity, deep, medium width, slightly russetted ; stem, short, slender to moderately stout ; basin, deep, open, slightly wrinkled ; calyx, closed ; colour, greenish yellow, splashed and washed with orange red, mostly on sunny side ; dots, few, large, white, prominent ; bloom, slight ; skin, moderately thick, moderately tender ; flesh, white, crisp, moderately juicy ; core, small ; sub-acid ; quality, above medium ; season, October. Xot desirable in this district, as it is not as good as Wealthy. It is a handsome apple. Grown at C.E.F. Described October 15, 1001. Patten's Greening. — Fruit, oblate, large ; cavity, deep, medium width, russetted ; stem, short ; basin, deep, medium width ; calyx, open, large ; pale yellow with traces of pale green, with a pink blush ; dots, moderately numerous, pale green, distinct ; bloom, slight ; skin, moderately thick ; flesh, yellow, juicy, tender, coarse ; core, small ; sub-acid ; quality, above medium ; season, October to mid-Xovember. Grown at C.E.F. Described October 18, 1901. Sivitzer. — Fruit, roundish to oblate, medium size ; cavity, narrow to medium, medium depth ; stem, short to medium, moderately stout ; basin, shallow, medium width, wrinkled ; calyx, closed ; pale yellow, almost white, well washed with bright red ; dots, few, pale, distinct, but not prominent ; bloom, slight ; skin, moderately thick, moderately tender ; flesh, white, crisp, tender, juicy ; core, small ; sub-acid, pleasant flavour ; quality, very good ; season, late August to early September. Not unlike Lowland Easpberry in many respects, but its season is later, and it is more acid, and the flesh is not as melting. Fruit is also not blotched with bright red. Promising. Grown at C.E.F. Described September 3, 1901. Utters Bed. — Fruit, roundish, large ; cavity, deep, open ; stem, short, moderately stout ; basin, open, medium depth, wrinkled ; calyx, open or closed ; pale yellow, splashed and streaked with bright carmine, mostly on sunny side ; dots, few, indis- tinct ; skin, thick ; flesh, yellowish, crisp, tender, rather coarse, juicy ; core, medium size ; mildly sub-acid, pleasant flavour ; quality, good ; season, early to mid-winter. Too coarse an apple for a good dessert fruit. Received from W. H. Dempsey, Tren- ton, Ont. Described November 14, 1901. Winter Banana. — Fruit, roundish, angular, medium sizd ; cavity, medium depth, open, slightly russetted ; stem, short, stout ; basin, shallow, open, slightly wrinkled ; calyx, open ; yellow, with a deep red blush ; dots, pale, obscure ; skin, thin, tender ; flesh, yellow, crisp, tender, juicy ; core, medium size, open ; mildly sub-acid, sprightly, good ; qualitj-, very good ; season, mid-winter. Received from W. H. Dempsey, Tren- ton, Ont. Described January 5, 1901. PEARS. Many of the trees in the pear orchard were killed by blight in 1900 and otliers were badly injured, and although the disease was not as prevalent this year, trees which looked in fairly good health last autumn died in the spring, and it was found that they had been affected the previous year, though the disease had not shown. The only tree which fruited this year was a Bessemianka, which produced a few pears. A number of seedlings of the best varieties are being raised, and it is pos- sible that something which is comparatively blight proof may be originated. Following is a description of a seedling pear received from E. C. Beman, New- castle, Ont. : — No. 218. — E. C. Beman, Newcastle, Ont. Pear seedling. — Large, roundish to obovate, obtuse pyriform ; skin, greenish yellow with a faint bronze tinge on sunny side ; dots, numerous, russet, prominent ; stem, long, stout ; cavity, shallow, open ; REPORT OF THE HORTICULTURIST gg SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 basin, medium depth nnd width, smooth ; flesh, yellowish, juicy, sweet, tender, melting ; core, small ; quality, good ; season, late October. Promising. PLUMS. There was little injury to the plum orchard by winter this year, as far as the wood of the trees was concerned, but the flower buds on the European varieties were all killed, there not being a single fruit of this type of plum. There were a few jilums of the Japanese variety known as Botan, bvit this is of little value here. Some of the Miner type of plums yielded fairly well, but these seldom fruit heavily here. The Americana and Nigra varieties blossomed abundantly, and a number of kinds fruited heavily, but the crop was not an average one on these trees, as the weather during the blossoming season was wet and unfavourable for proper pollination. There is no doubt that in the Ottawa district, and where the climate is similar, the main dependence nuist be on the x\mericana and Nigra plums. These varieties, though not equalling the European plums in richness and tenderness of skin, afford good substitutes where better kinds cannot be grown successfullj'. The Nigra, or native plum, is thinner in the skin tlian the Americana, but not as rich. The fruit is also usually badly aftected by blight (Cladosporium carpophilum, V. Thumen), and unless thoroughly sprayed does not mature, the blight affecting it when it is nearly full grown, causing it to wither and fall to the ground before maturing. The Nigra plum is also more affected by curculio than the Americana, which lessens the crop very much. The Americana plum is a heavy bearer of handsome plums which, though, as a rule, thick skinned, are handsome and of good quality, though sometimes astringent. During the past few years there have been many named varieties offered for sale and some of these are very good indeed, being much larger and richer than the older sorts. This year, when there was an abundance of European plums on the market from Western Ontario, the Americana plums, grown at the Farm, sold readily for 50 cents •jer 12-lb. basket. A tree of Bixby plum, planted in 1893, gave a yield of 11-J gallons, which, at 50 cents for 12-lb. basket was $2.87 worth of fruit from that tree, and in a good season the yield would be much more. The following quotation from a recent letter received from Mr. Alex. Stewart, Hull, Que., a prominent fruit-grower in this vicinity, is evidence as to the esteem with wdiich these plums are held by other grow- ers. He writes : — ' I have not fruited a very great nvimber of Americana plums as yet, as my orchard is young, but I am very proud of some of those that I have fruited. Their hardiness, fine appearance, and good quality make tliem of great value to the fruit grower of Eastern Ontario, and the Ottawa Valley in particular. The best five I have fruited so far are as follows : — Hawkeye, Stoddard, Wolf, DeSoto, Wyant. ' I sold my plums in 10-lb. grape baskets at 40 cents per basket ; 20-lb. baskets of western plums sold for 66 cents per basket at the same time. People will pay a third more for the local fruit. I took eleven 10-lb. baskets of Hawkeye off one tree five years planted. That will pay well. There will be quite a few plums planted about Ottawa next spring. I have given lists of the best varieties to a number of people. In five years from now we will see some good plums about Ottawa, and we may thank the Experimental Farm for their introduction.' Mr. H. C. Carstesen, Billings Bridge, Ont., who makes a specialty of the native plum. Primus nigra, has also kindly furnished me with some information regarding his success with them. Mr. Carstesen's trees are practically all seedlings of his own raising, some being much better than others. The soil in which they are growing is a heavy clay loam. The trees are kept thoroughly sprayed with Bordeaux mixture to prevent blight. Mr. Carstesen now has between 300 and 400 trees in his orchard, but many of these are young. Some of his trees have yielded from four to five 10-quart 16— Ti 100 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 pails each. The following are some figures funiislied Ly Mr. Carsteseu of some of his sales. 1898, 79 pails, averaging SO cents per pail. 1899, 71 pails, averaging 93 cents per pail. 1900, 177 pails, averaging 87 cents per pail. 1901, 119 pails, averaging 82 cents per p.iil. Some of the best of the plums sold as high as $1 per pail, Mr. Carstesen could not obtain these prices if it were not that his plums are very early, as they begin to ripen the first week of August and come on the market when there is little competi- tion with other plums. lie says that he cannot supply the demand for them. The following extracts from a letter received from Mr. C. H. Snow, Cummings Bridge, Ont., show that all growers are not favourably impressed with these plums : — ' I cannot give you any encouragement so far as these American plums are con- cerned. The older the trees grow, the mora rotten and miserable they look, and it would take a man doing nothing else but bolting and propping them up. Where- ever there is a crotch limb, down it comes by its own weight only. The recent sleet and rain that formed on the trees about 10 days ago pretty nearly finished the best of mine ; in fact, some of the trees of DeSoto will break off at the stump like a clay pipe. ' Xow, for the fruit. The astringency in the skin shows up remarkably well when preserved. You should be at the table sometimes and hear the remarks of my child- ren when my wife brings out some Hawkeye plum preserve. There are plenty of our old Canadian plums better for preserves, and if the people would only spray them they would be all right, and so far as selling, they bring a better price per pail, coming in, as they do, the first week in August, before the Pruniis domestica class are shipped in here. This lateness in ripening is a great drawback. It brings them in straight competition with Lombard, Damsons, Yellow Eggs, and Gages, when sold this year the complaint was that the women folks found the skin too thick. The price paid me for a '2-gallon basket, nearly a pail, was 35 cents. Some of my neighbours got 75 cents and $1 for common wild plums. Still, the price is all right and would pay at this figure if one could sell a large quantity, but the competition is too keen from a much better source, viz. : the European varieties. The . varieties so far fruited with me are : Stoddard, Rockford, DeSoto, Hawkeye, Wolf, Weaver, 2 kinds. Black Hawk ; the best of these are Stoddard, Hawkeye, and Wolf.' It is very true, as Mr. Snow writes, that the trees split easily, and this is a draw- back to the Americana varieties which the Nigras or native plums do not suffer from, but if the present market for these plums continues, paying crops will be obtained before the trees are too badly split to produce fruit, and as the trees begin to bear when young they may be replaced. The skin of the Xigra, or Canadian wild plum, breaks up easier in canning and preserving than the Americana, but they are not as rich, ihe Cheney is one of the best of these. Many of the Americana plums are but slightly astringent when preserved. Hawkeye is one of the poorest for this pur- pose. The following recipes for canning and preserving Americana plums, published by Prof. E. S. Goff, in bulletin Xo. 87, of the Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Station, Madison, Wis., will prove helpful to those who have not found the plums preserve well : — * The native plums, especially those with firm pulp, after being treated by any of the methods mentioned below, are well adapted to all purposes for which the foreign plums are used. As a rule, more sugar is required for the native plums, but the pre- parations are rich in proportion. The harshness in the skin and stone of some native plums is readily removed by steaming them in an ordinary cooking steamer until the skin cracks ; or pour over them boiling water to which has been added common bak- ing soda in the proportion of half a teaspoonful to a quart. The thicker-skinned REPORT OF TUB HORTICULTURIST 101 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 varieties may be readily peeled by placing them in boiling water two or three min- utes. The recipes follow : — ' Carming. — Pick the fruit when well coloured but a little hard, steam or cook in a porcelain-lined kettle until tender, put in cans that have first been treated to boiling water, and cover with boiling syrup made of equal parts of granulated sugar and water, filling the can to the top ; then run a silver knife around the can inside and let out the air, and seal at once. Plums cooked in the syrup are likely to be tough. Canned plums may be ased for pies and for mixing with or flavouring other fruits. Plums are often canned without sugar to be used in winter for making fresh plum butter. The juice of canned plums makes excellent jelly.' One lady recom- mends splitting native plums to the stone on one side before cooking, to avoid crumbling. 'Drying. — DeSoto, Wyant and doubtless other varieties may be pared, pitted, and spread on plates, lightly sprinkled with sugar and dried, first in the oven and later in the sun. Cook like dried peaches. 'Plum Jelly. — The fruit should be gathered when only part ripe — about half coloured. This point is very essential. Put plums in a large granite or porcelain kettle — the latter is best — with barely enough water to cover them. Cook until tender, but not until they are in a pulpy mass. Having previously covered a large jar with a cloth, strain the fruit in and let the juice drop through, but do not squeeze. When all has drained through, strain once or twice more through another cloth, until the juice is perfectly clear. To one measure of juice provide one measure of granulated sugar, but do not put together at once. A very important point in the making of all jelly is that only a small quantity should be cooked at one time. Into a medium sized kettle put, say, four tumblers of juice ; let it boil briskly 15 or 20 minutes, then add the four tumblers of sugar, and in a very short time — usually from three to ten minutes — the jelly will be finished, light, clear and delicious. To test the jelly, dip a spoon into the boiling juice and sugar and hold it up ; when the jelly clings to the spoon in thick drops, take it off quickly and put into jelly glasses. The plum pulp which is left can be put through a cullender and used for plum butter.' ' Another recipe : — Plum Preserves. — Take equal weights of fruit and sugar ; place in stone jar a layer of fruit, then a layer of sugar — alternating thus until quan- tity desired is reached. Let stand over night ; in the morning drain off the syrup that will have formed into a porcelain-lined kettle, place same over the fire and let syrup come to a boil ; then pour it over fruit in jar again ; repeat this every day until the fourth heating, when fruit and syrup are both put in kettle and boiled for a few minutes. Place same in glass jars while hot, seal and put away in some cool and preferably dark place. ' Still another recipe. — To each pound of plums add a p3und of sugar ; put the fruit into boiling water until the skins will slip ; peel and sprinkle sugar upon each layer of fruit in a bowl, allowing them to stand over night ; then pour off the juice, bring quickly to a boil, skim and add the plums ; cook very slowly till tender and clear, which will take about one-half hour ; take them out carefully and put into a pan ; boil the syrup for a few minutes longer until it thickens ; pour it over the fruit; seal or tie them up.' A better plum for this part of Canada will probably be obtained by crossing the Nigra with the Americana, as it is possible that a variety may be originated which will have the tough tree of the Nigra and the thinner skinned fruit of that species with the productiveness and freedom from disease of the Americana and the quality of that species. The trees at the Experimental Farm are ten feet apart in the rows, the rows beino- 20 feet apart ; this greater distance being required in order that the trees may be thoroughly sprayed. Ten feet is a little too close in the rows, as the trees are already . 102 EXPEBIMEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 interlacing, but this could not very well be avoided, as the original trees were planted 20 by 20 feet apart and the additional trees set half way between. A satisfactory distance would be about 15 feet apart each way, which woidd permit of thorough spraying for a long time. The trees, which are rather easily broken and split on account of the heavy crop they bear and the great growth they make when young, are better protected than if they were planted further apart. In the repart of the Horticulturist for 1900, a descriptive list was published of 13 of the best varieties of Xigra and Americana plums which had fruited at Ottawa, covering a season from August 21 to September 25. Xo new named varieties of special merit fruited this year, but among the young ti'ees are a number of kinds which are spoken very highly of by those who have seen the fruit. Seedling Plums. — Many seedling plums are being grown at the Experimental Farm, and a number of the Americana seedlings have already fruited. This year 51 trees bore, consisting of 13 Wolf, T Yoseniite Purple, 6 Speer, 6 Weaver, 12 DeSoto, and 11 Rollingstone seedlings. Of these there were only three which were considered equal or superior to the best named varieties under test. These have been named and are herewith described : — Day, Wolf seedling. — Planted in orchard, fall of 1895 ; tree hardy and vigorous ; fruit large, roundish ; suture a distinct line, not depressed ; colour uniformly deep, lively red all o^'er ; dots numerous, small, yellow, distinct ; bloom moderatefy heavy ; flesh deep yellow, juicy, firm, with a sweet, rich flavour ; skin thick, and tough ; stone medium size, oval, somewhat flattened, cling ; quality, very good. Ripe Septem- ber 28, 1901, and September 27, 1900. Thought to be the best late Americana plum' yet fruited here. Caro, Wolf seedling. — Planted in orchard fall of 1895 ; tree hardy and vigorous ; fruit very large, roundish ; suture fairly distinct, not depressed ; colour bright red, showing yellow in patches ; dots numerous, yellow, distinct ; bloom light ; flesh deep yellow, juicy, with a sweet, rich flavour ; skin thick, moderately tender ; stone large with an oval outline, but considerably flattened. Pipe September 6, 1901, and Septem- ber 10, 1900. More attractive than Wolf and better in quality, BouxcER, Yosemite Purple seedling. — Planted in orchard fall of 1895 ; tree hardy and vigorous ; fruit very large, roundish ; suture a distinct line, not depressed ; col- our a uniformly deep purplish red all over ; dots numerous, yellow, distinct ; bloom moderately heavy ; flesh deep yellow, juicy, with a sweet, rich flavour ; skin thick and tough ; stone large, flat, cling ; quality very good. Pipe September 10, 1901, and September 22, 1900. A promising seedling plum of the domestica group named Amaryllis (Xo. 219) was received from Mr. Aug. Dupuis, Village des Aulnais, P.Q. It was a medium sized yellow plum of very good quality. CHERRIES. The cherry crop was a failure this year, the flower buds having been killed by winter. There has not been a full crop of cherries here since 1898, so that although the stocks and wood are hardy, the winters, as a rule, appear too severe for the fi'uit buds. The wood of the Morello cherries wintered well, as usual, but the Bigarreau, which are tender here, were killed nearly to the ground. The Dukes were not quite so badly affected, altliough they were much injured. The trees made good growth this year. GRAPES. The grape vines were uncovered on May 8, and it was found that they had win- tered well. There was a fine show of bloom at blossoming time and it was thought that the crop would be a heavy one, but the wet weather which set in was very un- IIEI'ORT OF TUB UORTlt'ULTl'RliiT 103 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 favourable for pollination, the result being that there was only about half a crop on most varieties. The season was favourable for the maturing of the fruit, and 115 varieties ripened, although some of them were late in doing so, as the weather was not warm enough for rapid ripening. The vines were thoroughly sprayed with Bor- deaux mixture during the growing season, and there was little disease of any kind. The system of pruning and training now adopted is thought to be one of the most satisfactory where grapes are grown for dessert purposes and for home use, where the vines have to be protected. The system is a modification of that known B3 the High Renewal. When a young vine is planted in the spring it is cut back to near the ground and after making the season's growth it is again cut back to one stem about 18 inches from the ground.. Two canes only are allowed to grow during the second season, and when long enough these should be tied to the lowest wire, which should be from 18 inches to 24 inches above the ground. In the autumn the canes are bent down and covered with soil to protect the vine during the winter, the main stem also being covered. In the spring the canes or arms are spread out in opposite directions and tied along the lower wire, and three new wires should now be added 18 inches apart. This year being the third, there will be canes grow upwards from the buds along the outstretched arms, and a little fruit may set. During the growing season, laterals or side shoots should be pinched out. In the autumn of the third year the canes which have grown upright should be cut back to near the arms, leaving only one bud on each, in addition to the bud at its base, on the arm. The arms should, at the same time, be cut back until there are from 40 to 50 buds left in all, from which fruiting wood will grow during the fourth year. In the High Renewal system, pro- vision is made for the replacing of the arms every year by new ones, by leaving two additional stubs on the main stem from which new canes grow and which replace the two arms. In this system the arms are never more than one year old. The system adopted at the Experimental Farm is between this and the horizontal arm system, where the arms are left for a number of years. It is found that if the arms are left permanently they will get stitf and are difficult to bend down and cover with soil, and in the High Renewal system there is danger of breaking one year old canes, and also danger from winter killing, in either of which cases the crop would be lost. Bet- ter results can be obtained by having the arms at least two years old, but not more than four, and they may be renewed in alternate years. The amount of wood left on the vines must be regulated by the earliness, productiveness and vigour of the variety. In most cases, 40 to 50 buds are sufficient to leave ; as a medium crop of well-grown, well-ripened grapes is better than a large crop of inferior fruit. By having the crop as near the ground as possible without the fruit being injured by the soil, the grapes will ripen better than if higher up, on account of the reflection of heat from the ground. When the vines are in full bearing, as they are in the fourth year, consid- erable pruning is necessary during the growing season. The vines are uncovered as soon as there is no further danger of severe frost and before the buds have swollen, about May 7 being the average time. The arms are then tied to the lower wire. In about a month afterwards it will be necessary to go through and tie the young shoots to the second wire and to pinch out unnecessary shoots, such as suckers and laterals. In about a week more they should be tied again and the laterals and suckers removed. Another pruning is necessary after the vines have grown above the top wire, when they are pinched back to that wire, and any other ininecessary shoots pinched out as before. In the report of the Horticulturist for 1900, a list was published of the twenty- five earliest varieties which had fruited here, with descriptions and notes as to quality and dates of ripening, as the early varieties are the most useful in the colder parts of Canada. Xew kinds are continually being tested, in order to find out whether there are any others which are as early, and also to test their quality and productiveness. A large number of varieties recently planted were originated by T. V. Muusou of Texas, from whom they were procured. m EXPERIME'STAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD V:i., A. 1902 Varieties of grapes planted in 1900 and 1901. — Atoka, Campbell's Early, Coler- aine, Delago, Delawba, Early Daisy, Hosford, Lucile, Lukfata, Lutie, McPike, Man- ito, Marvina, Mills No. 9, Nectar, Norfolk, Presly, Storr's Earlj-, Wapanuka, Yo- mago. — 20 varieties. KASPBERRIES. The season of 1901 was very unfavourable for raspberries in this district. Owing to severe weather the canes were badly winter-killed; the Cuthbert, which is the princi- pal variety planted, being so much injured that there was practically no fruit of that variety. Golden Queen appeared to be the tenderest, as there was not a cane left of this variety. A seedling originated by Mr. R. B. Whyte, Ottawa, Ont., now called Herbert, was quite hardy and it yielded the best at the farm this year. At the Ex- perimental Farm the canes were bent down as usual, but it appeared to have no bene- ficial effect. In the following table the yields for both 1900 and 1901 are given. The yields this year show the relative hardiness of the varieties rather than their produc- tiveness, some kinds not producing any fruit, and others very little. RASPBERRIES— TEST OF VARIETIES. Date Date Date No. of First Ripe of of of Pick- Total Yield. J ^ Name of Variety. Fruit. First Picking. Last Picking mgs. f& 1900. 1901. 1900. 1901. 1900. 1901. 1900 1 1901 1900. 1901. Red Varieties. hJ 0 ij 6 Kenyon July 14 .July 9 July 16 July 12 Aug. 13 July 30 12 7 32 2 3 1 36 Henry 4 '" A ■1 7 M 5 5 G 5 ,1 13 II l.S .1 13 „ 13 ,1 !) 9 9 9 6 II 9 1. II 13 Aug. 9 July 18 22 2 22 11 3 28 1 0 15 4 13 5 \\\ 5 3 36 Brighton 10 5 i27 2 36 Clarke 13 12 9 26 15 5 26 13 36 Count . 36 Marlboro 9 8 9 ■' 6 C 13 1, 13 „ 13 .. 16 " 9 9 15 1. 13 „ .1 9 M II 17 Aug. 30 22 6 13 11 13 7 24 9 4 22 10 8 21 0 6 ■ 21! „ 20] ,. 21 H 26 j „ 24 „ 211 „ 241 " 20 .. 24 „ 24' „ 24 „ 19 ,. 26 „ 21 ,. 20, „ 17 20 24 21 20 24 19 20 24 19; 19 19 22 25 22 24 21, 24- 24 21 24 1 241 19; 22 25; 21 26; 24' 21 24 20 24 22 25 12J EEl'ORT OF THE IIORTICLLTURIHT SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 107 Name. Anna Kennedy Anna Forest Louis Gauthier Imp. ^Vestbl•ook .Tucunda Wm. Belt New Dominion Stone's Early, . . Clyde Phipen X 181) Northern Carleton Klickita HattieWarfield Sharpless Seedhng Lloyd Young"s Seedling. , . . . . Mayflower Afton Deveroux Sharpless Starr X341 Hiawatha Johnson's Early. Judsonia Champion of England Surprise Mrs. Cleveland Howell's Seedling Scarlet Ball Winnie Warfield Livingston Beverly Little's No. 7 Lady Kusk Ona Tubbs Klondyke Gandy. Beede's No. 1 Sandoval AVill Warfield Earliest Crockett's Warfield Van Deman X 119. Satisfaction Gandy Belle Kentucky Marshall Staples.. ..._ .. Lax ton's Noble. Elba Erie McKinloy Crescent X95 Steven's Early.. Swindle Repeater John Little. . . . Saundere Ha\ erland Harville Edgar Queen. . . S o ^ aj '33 3_e3 o 0) « eiland. Philip's Seedling Holland's Glory Augusta Xarcaise Leader ICnipress of India . . . Mvtnitt :c;i.' a May June 24 June 22 „ 12 „ 22 „ 17 n 18 „ 22 „ 18 „ 22 „ 18 „ 21 „ 12 „ 18 „ 20 „ 18 „ 20 „ 24 „ 18 „ 22 M 14 „ 18 „ 22 „ 24 „ 18 „ 21 „ 18 „ 15 „ 24 „ 14 „ 20 „ 18 „ 18 „ 30 j July 18 June 22 22 22 17 22 18 24 27 15 21 15 6 22 22 22 15 21 24 18 20 21 24 18 22 18 17 27 18 24 24 22 24 18 25 18 -s > „■ — ? -r t* be JuQe July June 26 July 24 M 17 June 24 July 20 M 19 ,1 24 .. 19 .. 25 .. 21 ,- 22 22 n 22 .. 20 June 20:July 26 n 20 .. 24 .. 17 .. 21 ., 24 1. 25 >, 20 ., 22 I. 21 u 17 M 26 „ 17 M 22 n 20 .. 19 M 2 I. 21 M 24 June 24 July 26| M 19 June 25 July 19 26 June July 17 22 17 19 27 24 June 25 July 17 June 22! July 25! ,/ 20 June 21 July June July 20, June 201 ,. 29,July 19l „ 261 M 26 June 25'July 26 . 22 June 27 July 20 June Oz, Lbs. Oz.'Lbs. Oz. 6 I 5 7i;2 5 1... 5 I... 4^10 Til: 7 '4 4 5 5i;io 4a!l2 ^ 6 5| ^ 6i[ 8 4 1 8 4| G 6 I .. 6 15 H\ 1 6 .. 5 I 2 5h 5 4 5| 4i|. . 4il.. U\ . 5.i|.. 6 I 9 h\o 5 .. 64! 9 5^1 0 10 iiUo 10 10 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 1 144 Of 10^ 15i 7 8 6i 111 11 6^ 5i 4 14 7i 11 94 12^1 ISA; 04 12 141 5^ 5 U 14| 12i 14 1 12i 6 6 6 6 J 6 3^ 34 2 5 64 5 11 5 1 1 13i 12i 12 9| 9 8i 8 7h 6 3i -fS C o Lbs. Oz. 0 9| n 6 5i 4 4 1 0 15 14i 134 13 124 104 9 6 2 1 1 0\ 0 15 15 IH 8 7 6 5i 4 14 9 4 1 110 10 6 4 2h 1" oa 15 15 13^ 124 10" 2 15 12 10 m 7j 154 lOl 0^ 13 3§ 6 153 6 7i 4 10 Oi 13i 2 2 15| 74 5i G 12i '% 134 15| 14 144 n 43 12| 10 151 4 3i 5 1 124'.. 34 REPORT OF THE HORTICULTURIST 109 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 SPRAYING. Spraying has long passed the experimental stage and it shouhl not now be neces- sary to draw the attention of fruit growers to the importance of it. There are, how- ever, a large number who do not spray. The proof of the value of spraying may now be had on every side, and it seems strange that good fririt is allowed to become worth- less by disease when if sprayed in time it would be free, or almost free, from it. This year when the crop of apples was light and the prices high, it was especially desirable to keep what there was clean, and where this was done nearly as much money was realized in some cases as there would have been in a good fruit year, while on the other hand those who did not spray got very little. . ■ A spraying calendar was published by the Entomologist and the Horticulturist this year, in which formulas are given for the various mixtures and solutions, what they "are used for, and the time to apply them. This may be had on application. In a bulletin on Apple Culture, published this year also, further particulars were given on the subject of spraying. The recent discoveries of Prof. T. J. Burrill, of the Illinois x\gricultural Experi- ment Station, have necessitated ii change in the time of the first spraying for the apple spot fungus. He found that the disease did not winter on the twigs as was supposed, but on the fallen leaves. Hence, the early spraying which it was customary to make with copper sulphate and water was really of little value in preventing the spread of the apple spot. It will, therefore, be advisable, to make the first spraying with the ordinary Bordeaux mixture and Paris green just as the leaf buds are break- ing, regulating the time so as to kill the tent caterpillars which hatch about that time. The early sprayings are the most important, their object being to prevent the germination of the spores which alight on the leaves, fruit and other parts of the tree. Once the disease begins to spread it is very difficult to check it. Thorough spraying is just as important with other fruits as it is with the apple. EXPEEIMEXTS WITH LIME MIXTURES FOR THE ERADICATION THE OYSTER-SHELL BARK-LOUSE. OF Experiments were continued last winter with lime mixtures for the eradication of the oyster-shell bark-louse, in order to discover the best formula to use. As very severe weather occurred before the experiments were completed, and continued for some time, there were not as many mixtures used as had been planned, but the results obtained were very interesting. In the following table will be found a record of the work done and the results. The degrees of infestation, in ascending order, were : ' very few scales,' ' a few scales,' ' slightly infested,' ' moderately infested,' (meaning the same as * considerably,' as used in 1900), and ' badly infested.' The spraying was done in November and December, 1900, and in Januarj^, 1901. Where possible the second application was made as soon as the first was dry. Formula Used. Number of Times Sprayed. 2 lbs. lime, 1 gallon water ; sprayed twice. Sprayed 3 times 1 lb. lime, 1 gallon water; sprayed twice. Sprayed 3 times ] lb. lime, 1 gallon water, 3i oz. salt ; sprayed twice 32 1 3 4 How Infested before Spiaying, December, 1900, and Janu- ary, 1901. 24 moderately ; badly Badly All moderately. How Infested after Spraying, December, 1001. 2G with very few scales ; 3 with few scales ; 3 slightly affected. Slightly ; but fewscalcs on young wood. A few scales on one and very few on two. Two slightly ; two with but few scales. Very few left on any of the trees. 110 EXPEIUMEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 CONX'LUSIOXS REACHED UP TO DECEMBER, 1901. 1. Lime slaked in water and sprayed on apple trees infested with the oyster-shell bark-louse has the effect of loosening the scales. 2. The scales, when loosened, are removed from the trees by rain, ice, wind, and probably by other means. 3. As the scales contain the eggs from which the young insects hatch about June 1, it is necessary, in order to get the best results, that the trees be sprayed as soon as possible after the leaves fall in autumn, so that the loosened scales may be exposed to the weather for a long time before the eggs hatch. 4. The lime appears to have no injurious effect on the eggs within the scales. 5. Lime used in various proportions in the several experiments had no apparent injurious effects on apple or peach trees. Even when the leaf buds were opening no injury occurred. • 6. As the action of the lime seems to occur soon after the trees are sprayed, it is not necessary to use any substance other than water to help bind it to the tree. On the contrary, it would appear that such substances counterbalance the effects. of the lime, for a time, by glueing the scales to the trees. 7. It is important to use good stone lime, which has not been air-slaked. 8. The most economical and satisfactory formula so far has been found to be, 1 lb. lime, 1 gallon water, and 31 oz. salt, or for a barrel of mixture, 40 lbs. lime, 40 gallons water, 8 lbs. salt. This should be sprayed on the tree twice, the second appli- cation being made as soon as the first is dry. The same proportions of lime and water without the salt have given quite satisfactory results also, and the salt is not necessary, but when used the bark of the trees was cleaner and brighter. 9. It is necessary to make at least two applications, as those scales with which the mixture does not come in contact will not be effected by it, and it is not possible to do the work thorotighly with one spraying. 10. The bark of trees sprayed with the lime mixture is much brighter afterwards than on trees not sprayed, and it is possible that many fungous germs are destroyed. ASPAEAGUS EUST. The asparagus rust, Puccinia asparagi, D.C., is a disease which has done much injury to asparagus in the United States during the past five years, and more recently it has effected that vegetable in Canada. This year it appeared at the Central Ex- perimental Farm for the first time. The disease was introduced from Europe to the L^nited States and came into prominence about 1896. It has already spread from the New England States to Kansas and north into Canada. The following descrip- tion of the life history of the disease is quoted from bulletin No. 188 of the New York Agricultural Experiment Station, where extensive experiments have been car- ried on in combating it. ' The life history of the fungus which causes the disease is marked by three dis- tinct stages, each ending in the production of a crop of spores from which new plants may spring. This profusion of spore-forms may account in a measure for the rapid spread of the disease. The first stage of growth of the fungus usually passes unnoticed by the owners of infested asparagus fields ; for from the germination of the spores in the spring till the first fruiting in June, the entire plant is hidden deep in the tissues of its host ; and this fruit-bearing is accompanied by no such change in colour of the asparagus fields as marks the ripening of the second crop of spores. In this first stage, known as tlie ' spring form,' ' cluster-cup stage,' or, scientifically classified, as the ' acidia] stage,' the spores break through the epidermis of the host plant in clusters of cup-shaped pustules. These cups are greenish-yellow at first but change to orange-yellow as they mature. niWORT OF THE HORTICULTURIST m SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 The summer stage follows this spring form, though the two may overlap, both stages existing at the same time in the same plant. The brown colour of the aspara- gus fields produced by the ripening spores of this second stage, the ' red rust' form, and the rapid spread of the disease at this time, cannot fail to attract attention to the fields aft'ected. The spores from this stage discharge from slits in the asparagus stems, not from clusters of pustules, and are so numerous that they cover workmen and tools in the fields with a heavy coating like brick dust. The third stage, known as the ' winter stage,' follows the one just described, either in the fall or even in the summer if the lessened vitality of its host plant be- tokens approaching death. It is by the spores of this stage that the fungus is carried over the winter, so Nature provides for their formation whenever the existence of the fungus is threatened by the death of the asparagus plant it infests. The third stage differs from the second only in the character of the spores. In the summer stage the spores are one-celled and thin-walled, while in the winter stage they are two-celled, thick-walled and of such a dark brown colour that the stage is known as the ' black rust.' Both summer and winter spores may often be found in the same slit in the asparagus stem.' The drying up of the stems and foliage of the asparagus plants before the season's growth is made, weakens them very much and on this account the crop of young shoots the following spring is much lessened and becomes still less every year the disease affects the plants. Owing to its smooth leaves and stem, asparagus cannot be sprayed to advantage with Bordeaux mixture, as it runs off when applied. At Geneva a combination was made of a ' resin-lime' mixture and Bordeaux mixture, the stock solution of the former being made as follows : — Pulverized resin 5 lbs. Concentrated lye 1 lb. Fish oil or any cheap animal oil, except tallow 1 pint Water 5 galls. ' It takes about two hours to prepare this mixture. The oil, resin and one gallon of hot water should be placed in an iron kettle and heated untilthe resin is softened, after which the solution of concentrated lye, or potash, should be carefully added, and the mixture thoroughly stirred. After the lye has been added, add four more gal- lons of hot water and allow the whole mass to boil until the mixture will tmite with cold water, making a clear, amber-coloured liquid. When through boiling if there is not five gallons of the mixture add water enough to make that quantity.' Two pounds of this stock solution were added to the Bordeaux mixture before spraying. The following quotation gives the dates of spraying and the results ob- tained : — • ' After the last cutting was made the brush was allowed to grow for four weeks, after which five sprayings were given, the first on July 28. Alternate rows were spray- ed and left as checks. The rust showed on the unsprayed rows August 19, and by August 24 had spread to all parts of these rows. They were killed by September 10. The sprayed rows remained green until the middle of October, but it was only the growth made between July 1 and August 10 that survived the attacks of the rust until October 15 ; that is, a growth that was completed, hardened and thoroughly sprayed before the rust struck the bed. All the new sprouts which came up in the sprayed rows after the rust appeared in the field were destroyed.' ' The results proved that in the case of every unsprayed row the yield in 1900 was less than it was in 1899, the decrease on the seven rows being 179 pounds. On the sprayed rows, on the contrary, there was an equally constant gain in yield of from 11 to 22 pounds to the row, the total increase being 110 pounds.' The results obtained at the New York Experiment Station prove that the disease can be lessened materially by spraying, and as the loss to asparagus growers in Can- ^-da is likely to be very great from it, something should be done at once to clieck it. 112 EJPEJRIMEMAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 and the best remedy found so far is that just described. If spraying is not done the jdants should be cut and burned to help prevent the spread of the disease, but if this is done early the plants are weakened and if done late the spores will have spread, so that the best practice is to spray. Xo variety has yet been found to entirely resist this disease, although Palmetto and Argenteuil appear to be the least affected, Conover's Colossal is one of the most injured by it. LIST OF BEST VEGETABLES EOR FARMERS. As all the experiments which are conducted with vegetables cannot be published every year on account of want of space, a list of the varieties of all the principal kinds which have proved the most satisfactory after several years' tests was published in the reports for 1899 and 1900 under the heading ' List of best Vegetables for Farmers.' This gave in a concise form much valuable information as to the best varieties to plant and must have proved very helpful to those who studied it. As the annual re- ports are very liable to be mislaid during the year, and as one is apt to forget the name of a variety, it has been thought advisable to again publish this list with what changes another year's experience warrants making. Asparagus. — Conover's Colossal is the best all-round variety, but this variety is more subject to rust than Palmetto or Argenteuil. Beans. — Golden Wax or Wardwell's Kidney Wax, for early crop ; Early Refugee, for medium ; and Refugee or 1,000 to 1, for late crop, are the most satisfactory dwarf varieties. Asparagus (early) and Old Homestead are two of the best pole varieties. Beets. — Egyptian Turnip, Eclipse and Bastian's Blood Turnip are three of the best varieties. Borecole or Kale. — Dwarf Green Curled Scotch is the best. Broccoli. — White Cape. Brussels Sprouts. — Improved Dwarf is the most satisfactory. Cahhage. — Early Jersey Wakefield (early). Succession (medium) ; Late Flat Dutch, Drumhead Savoy (late), Red Dutch (red), is a select list of the best varieties of cabbage. Cauliflowers. — Extr? Early Dwarf Erfurt and Early Snowball (early) ; and Large Lat€ Algiers are among the best. Carrots. — Chantenay and Guerande or Oxheart are two of the best carrots, but if a good extra early sort is required, the Early Scarlet Horn can be planted with advan- tage. It is a small variety. Celery. — Golden Self-Blanching, Paris Golden Yellow, Improved White Plume, White Walnut (early) ; London Red, Perfection Heartwell, White Triumph (late) are among the best. Corn. — Early Cory, Crosby's Early, Henderson's Metropolitan (early) ; Perry's Hybrid, Stabler's Early, Early Evergreen, and Black Mexican (medium); Stowell's Evergreen, Country Gentleman (late). In planting, the Country Gentleman should not be omitted, as it lengthens the season very considerably, and is of fine quality. Other promising sorts are Burbank's Early Maine, Early Fordhook (early) ; and Bonanza Sweet (late). Cucumlers. — Peerless White Spine or White Spine, Cool and Crisp, and Giant Pera are three of the most satisfactory slicing varieties. Boston Pickling is a good pickling sort. Burnet Grape, Showing Method of Pruning and Training. Sprayed. Potatoes at C. E. F., Ottawa. September 25th, 1901. Unsprated. KErORT OF THE EORTIVVLTIRIHT 113 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Egg Plants. — Xew York Improved and Long Purple succeed best. Lettuce. — Black Seeded Simpson, New York (curled), Tennis Ball, Salamander and Golden Queen (cabbage) ; Trianon and Paris Cos lettuce make a good list. Melons, Musi-. — Long Island Beauty, TIackensack and Montreal Market, of the Nutmeg type, and Surprise, Christiana and Emerald Gem, of the other types, are all good. Melons, }yafcr. — Cole's Early, Imperial, Ice Cream, and Phinney's Early are early water melons of excellent qualitj'. Onions.— Yellow Globe Danvers and Large Red "Wethersfield are two of the best onions in cultivation. Parsnips. — Llollow Crown and Bobbie's Selected are both good sorts. Parsley. — Double Curled is as good as any. Peppers. — Cayenne, Cardinal, Chili and Golden Dawn are four of the best. Pease. — Gregory's Surprise, Gradus, Nott's Elcelsior and Premium Gem (early) ; McLean's Advancer, Nott's New Perfection, Improved Stratagem and Heroine (medium). None of these are tall growing varieties. Juno (dwarf). Tele- phone, Startler (tall), (late). Excelsior is a promising second early sort. Potatoes. — Extra Early : Early Ohio and Early Andes (pink), Bovee and Bur- pee's Extra Early (pink and white). Early : Everett and Rochester Rose (pink). Early Puritan (white). Medium : Carman No. 1 (white), Empire State (white). Late : Late Puritan (white), American Wonder (white). Rural Blush (pink). Radishes. — Early : Rosy Gem, French Breakfast, Red Rocket (red) and Icicle (white). Late : White Strasburg, Long White Vienna. Winter : Long Black Span- ish, Chinese Rose-coloured. Bhuharh. — Linna?us and Victoria are the most satisfactory. Salsify. — Long ^^'llite is the best. Spinach. — Victoria and Thick-leaved are the best. Squash. — Early : White Bush Scalloped and Summer Crook Neck. Late : Hub- bard. Tomatoes. — Early : Sparks' Earliana, Canada Victor, Early Ruby and Dwarf Champion. Main Crop : Brinton's Best, Trophy, Matchless, and Baltimore Prize Taker. There are many varieties, of tomatoes which are almost equal in excellence and productiveness. Turnips. — Early : Extra Early Milan and Red Top Strap Leaf. Swedes : Cham- pion Purple Top, Skirving's Improved. EXPERIMENTS WITH POTATOES. The potato crop Avas light in the Ottawa Valley this year, owing to dry weather during the month of July, and to rot in the autumn. While the yields at the Experi- mental Earm are not as large as last year, they are good and there was little injury either from dry weather or from rot. The rot is seldom troublesome when the pota- toes are planted in well drained, sandy loam soil, as they were here, and ov/ing to thorough cviltivation the crop was not reduced much by the dry weather. There were 133 varieties tested in uniform plots this year, of which the Burnaby Mammoth produced the best crop, the yield being at the rate of 530 bushels 12 lbs. per acre. The poorest yield was 173 bushels 48 lbs. per acre, the difference in yield 16— S 114 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 between the best and poorest being 35G bushels 24 lbs. per acre, showing the great im- portance of planting the most productive varieties. The average yield per acre from all the varieties tested was 365 bushels 25 lbs., being 247 bushels 25 lbs. greater than the average for the province of Ontario for 1901, which was 118 bushels. This dif- ference is greater, however, than it wovild be if the varieties had been grown by the acre, instead of in small plots. The potatoes were planted this year in the same sandy loam soil they occupied in 1900, as in the orchard inclosure this was the best place available for them. On April 22 and 23, however, the land was given a good dressing of well rotted manure, which was ploughed under on April 25. Just before planting time it was thoroughly incor- porated with the soil by harrowing, twice with the disc harrow and once with the smoothing harrow. Drills were made 2i feet apart and about 4 inches deep. The sets were of fairly uniform size and had at least three eyes with a good amount of flesh and were planted 1 foot apart. Each variety occupied one row 66 feet long. The sets were covered with the hand hoe to get as nearly uniform conditions as possible. The soil was harrowed once before the potatoes came up, to kill any weeds which had germinated, to level the ground, and to loosen the surface of it. The soil between the rows was kept cultivated until the vines met, but the latter were not hilled up. The vines were sprayed with Paris gi*een to destroy the potato beetle, and 4 times with Bordeaux mixture to prevent blight and rot. The potatoes were planted on May 23 and dug on October 4. Potatoes — Test of Varieties. No. Name of Variety. Quality. Total Yield per Acre. Yield per Acre of Marketable. Yield per Acre of Un- marketable. Colour. Bush. Lbs. Bush. Lbs. Bush. Lbs. 1 Bumaby Mammoth Good ..'... . 530 12 490 36 39 36 Pink and white. ?, Dreer's Standard „ 506 0 457 36 48 24 White. ?i Late Puritan „ 503 48 440 0 63 48 11 4 Early "White Prize , 501 36 435 36 06 0 1, p, LX.L Good 492 484 479 48 0 36 422 462 418 24 0 0 70 22 61 24 0 36 Pink and white. (5 Uncle Sam . White. 7 Bumaby Seedling Pink aiid ^vhite. 8 Canadian Beauty. . . , 479 36 400 24 79 12 9 II / 473 0 415 48 57 12 White. 10 • 470 464 48 1"^ 422 420 24 12 48 44 24 0 11 Whli-P Elpv.h.int Pink and wliite. 12 Seattle ... Medium 462 0 415 48 46 12 White. 13 Vick's Extra Early Good 462 0 391 36 70 24 Pink and white. 14 Money Maker 459 48 387 12 72 36 White. 15 American Wonder , 455 24 418 0 37 24 „ 16 Holbnrn Abundance .... Medium 453 12 396 0 57 12 ., 17 18 Pearce 446 446 36 36 413 376 36 12 33 70 0 24 Pink and white. Burpee's Extra Early . ... Good 19 |Clay Rose 20 ]Mapgie Murphy Medium .... 444 24 418 0 26 24 Pink. „ 440 0 409 12 30 48 Bright pink. 21 ' Livingston's Banner Good 437 48 398 12 39 36 White. 22 23 Medium Good 4.35 435 36 36 396 380 0 36 39 55 36 0 „ P^arlv Puritan II 24 iMills Prize „ 433 24 400 24 33 0 1, 25 IRural Blush „ 4.33 24 389 24 44 0 Pink. 26 i.Tubilee „ . 429 0 407 0 22 0 Pink and white. 27 iRochester Rose „ 422 24 354 12 (i8 12 Pink. 28 Mclntyre Medium 420 12 389 24 30 48 White and purple. 90 Churchill Seedlin"' 420 420 12 12 385 363 0 0 35 57 12 12 White. 30 Cambridge Russet Good 31 Polaris 41S 0 369 36 48 24 ,, 32 Early St. George „ 418 0 360 48 57 12 Pink and white. 33 Carman No. 1 . „ 415 48 369 36 46 12 Wliite. 34 State of Maine •1 ... 413 36 385 0 28 36 „ 3t Great Divide ..:..::::::: 411 411 24 24 360 343 48 12 50 68 36 12 ,, 36 Vigorosa . Pink and white. RErOUT OF THE IWRTlt'lLTURlST SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Potatoes— Test of Ynvieiien—Continued. 115 Name of Variety. Earl.y Xortlier Rawdon Kose Earliest of All Enormous . . . Vanier Dr. Maercher Quaker City Brown's Kot Proof. Early Harvest .... Irish Cobbler ..... Burbank'.s Seedling Early Sunrise .... Delaware Montana Bluff Early Pride Wonder of the W'oild Red Rock E\erett General Gordon Early Elkinah Dublin Prize Peach blow Reeves' Rose Country Gentlmnau Rose of the North Lees' Favourite New Queen American Giant Early Michifcan Sir Walter Raleigh Seedling No. 7 Flemish Beauty Seedling Champion Seedling No. 2:i0 Mammoth Pearl . . Rural No. 2 Northern Spy Napoleon Sharpe's Seedling Brosseau Dakota Red N. Bergeron Dutch Blue Swiss Snowflakf Early Ohio Early INIarket Irish Daisy Pearce's Extra Jlarly . Early Rose Bovee Early Summer Early Andes Dobson's Early Thorburn 20th Century Bliss Triumph Early Dawn Prize Taker Doherty's Seedling , Livingston Light Red Seedling Rose No. 9 Dark Red Seedling. 16—84 Quality. Good. Poor to me- dium Medium (Jood. . . Good. Good. Good. . . Medium . Medium , Poor . . . . Medium . Good . Poor . Good. Medium , Good . Good . Good. Good!! Good. Medium. Total Yield per Acre. Bush. Lbs. 409 12 407 0 407 0 402 36 402 402 400 398 398 396 396 391 389 389 389 389 389 385 382 378 376 374 371 369 369 367 367 365 365 365 360 360 356 354 354 349 .345 343 343 343 341 338 336 336 336 336 336 334 334 334 332 327 327 325 325 325 323 323 323 321 321 36 36 24 12 12 0 0 36 24 24 24 24 24 0 48 380 36 380 36 24 12 0 48 36 36 24 24 12 12 12 48 48 24 12 12 48 24 12 12 12 0 48 36 36 36 36 36 24 24 24 12 48 48 36 36 36 24 24 24 12 12 Yield per Acre of Marketable. Bush. Lbs. 334 24 3.58 36 336 36 380 36 334 297 374 347 341 365 354 343 363 356 336 334 323 312 312 336 327 338 321 319 305 321 314 325 323 338 334 319 294 314 314 332 290 325 261 316 303 299 279 299 305 301 292 286 248 281 281 253 268 275 253 299 297 277 299 294 257 290 286 24 0 0 36 0 12 12 12 0 24 36 24 24 24 24 36 48 48 12 0 48 12 36 36 24 48 24 0 48 36 36 12 24 36 48 48 36 12 24 12 48 24 36 0 36 36 36 0 24 0 0 12 0 22 12 48 24 24 0 Yield per Acre of Un- marketable. Bush. Lbs. 74 48 70 22 105 26 50 57 30 41 48 26 33 52 55 66 72 70 44 52 39 55 55 66 48 55 41 44 26 30 46 66 4(5 41 22 63 24 83 26 39 44 61 39 30 35 44 50 52 81 63 52 74 26 28 48 24 28 66 30 35 48 24 24 0 12 36 24 36 12 48 48 24 24 0 48 0 0 36 24 0 48 36 0 0 0 24 0 48 0 24 48 12 0 12 48 0 48 12 -36 24 36 0 36 36 48 12 0 36 0 48 48 24 48 48 48 24 36 24 12 36 0 48 12 Colour. Pink. Pink and wliite. White. " Red. White. Pink. White. Pink. White. White, bright pink eye. Pink. Pink and white. Red. Pink. ■Wln'te. Pink. Pink and white. Pink. Pink and white. White. . Bright pink. White!' Bright pink. Pink. Pink and white. Red and white. Red. White, pink eye. Dark puriDle. White. Pink. White. Pink. Pink and white. Pink. White. Pink and white. White. Red. Pink, brighter at seed end. Pink. White. White, pink eye. Pink. Deep pink. 116 EXPERIMEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Potatoes — Test of Varieties — Concluded. No. Name of Variety. Quality. Total Yield jjer Acre. Yield per Acre of Marketable. Bush. Lbs 100 I White Beauty Good . 101 Rose of Erin ' 319 31G 102 iChicago Market Good : 316 103 jEarly Ro.d.., Early Six Weeks. Gem of Aroo.stook ! i 114 Beauty of Hebron [Medium . 115 JHalfc'.* Champion Poor . . 116 Pink Eye. 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 Poor iMaule's Thoroughbre 1 . . 'pleading Giant Blue Potato iWhite Giant Harve.er Acre Marketable. Bush. 378 310 334 208 208 198 188 lbs. 24 48 24 24 24 40 Yield per Acre Unmarketable. Bush. 44 105 06 00 57 70 21 lbs. 36 12 24 47 Colour. TiKl'ORT OF THE UORTlL'ULTUIilST SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 TWELVE BEST YIELDING VARIETIES OF POTATOES — AVEHAGE OF SEVEN YEARs' TESTS. U7 Name of Variety. Average Yield i>er Acre. Name of Variety. Average Yield per Acre. 1. Holborn Abundance 2. Seattle 3. American Wonder 4. Late Puritan 5. Seedling No. 230 6. Burnaby Seedling Bush. lbs. 424 51 422 6!) 418 8 406 1 388 8 381 48 7. Dreer's Standard 8. Everett 9. State of Maine 10. Polaris 11. Vanier 12. Empire State Bush. lbs. 373 34 373 2 36;- 505 W 1^ 277 12 i IGO 36 459 125 241237 30 48 1 6 Xo j'ield 259 173 68 Hi 47 48 10 41 12 48 6 No yield 36 338 48|i64 157 19 409 453 365 268 26 277 338 198 202 26 >^ 12 12 12 24 24 2rH 374 00 299 12 246 24 74 48 o ■=« 03 I 1 rf^ 501 36 404 48 325 36 57 12 391 343 243 95 t-5 33 12 32 55 0/ "-I M 337 276 196 67 be -^-^'7' 5 s-Cth 53 67 47 6 28 33 47 31 49 344 18 270 29 187 16 71 56 296 7 216 22 158 9 40 42 48 11 54 7 29 7 31 14 POTATOES — RESULTS OF SPRAYING WITH BORDEAUX MIXTURE FOR THE PREVENTION OF BLIGHT AND ROT. It is the usual practice to spray the experimental plots of potatoes at the Central Experimental Farm with Bordeaux mixture for the prevention of rot and blight but owing to the nature of the soil in which they are planted, nearly always a light sandy loam, it is seldom that rot is troublesome. This year, however, 8 varieties were plant- ed on May 30 in heavier and wetter soil, for the purpose of demonstrating the advan- tage of spraying. Of each variety there were four rows, 33 feet in length, sprayed, and the same area left unsprayed. The mixture was 6 lbs. of bluestone, 4 lbs. of lime, and 40 gallons of water. The first spraying was made on July 2, and the vines were kept covered with the mixture throughout the rest of the season. 120 EXl'EIUMEX TA L FA RM S 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Xaune of Variety. Swiss Snowflake. Total Plants Plants yield ix;r dead where ' dead where acre, sound sprayed. | unspraye.i. I ixjtatoes, sprayed. Total Difference Yield yield jxt in yield • of riitten acre, sound j>er acre, [Wtatoes ijer jxitatues, sjiraj'ed and acre, unsprayed. unsprayed. uni«praj'ed. Sept. I'urnaby Mammoth American Wonder In General Gordon | " Earlv Norther Oct. Rose Xo. 9 Sept, Early Harvest I m Lee's Favorite ; « Oct. 4, not dead Sept. 30.. i „ 30.. „ 30.. >. 2.. n 30.. I M 28.. I M 28.. 21.. 21.. 19 . 20.. 21.. 16.. Busli. lbs. Bush. lbs. Bush. lbs. Bush. lbs. 312 4G4 377 313 322 497 426 30. 16.. 272 6 12 18 30 18 12 48 48 229 292 222 270 306 376 310 54 36 12 36 54 12 12 246 24 112 171 155 42 15 121 116 12 36 6 54 24 36 26 24 26 47 77 19 8 2 27 20 24 18 48 48 12 30 54 There was a very light crop of potatoes this season owing to dry weather at a critical period in the growth of the plants, followed later on by blight and rot, and thus the results obtained by spraying with Bordeaux mixture show the great im- portance of this work. It will be observed that the sprayed plants grew from G to 14 days longer than the unsprayed, during which time the small potatoes were getting larger and the crop greater. There were no rotten potatoes in the sprayed lot. EXPEKIMEXTS WITH TOMATOES. After five years' test a large number of varieties of tomatoes were discontinued this year, but with the new kinds added there were 100 varieties still under test this season, but more will be discarded before planting next year. The yields of the twenty-five best yielding varieties, only, are published, as space will not permit of giving a full table. In addition to this list, however, will be found the names of the six earliest varieties for this year, also the six wrinkled and twelve smooth kinds which have averaged the highest yields for six years. It will be noticed that the Canada Victor has been put in the table of wrinkled varieties this year, as the proportion of wrinkled tomatoes produced by it is greater than smooth. The seed of the tomatoes grown this year was sown in hot-beds on April G ; the young plants were pricked out into strawberry boxes on April 29, and planted in the open grovmd on June 3. They were placed four feet apart each way, and five plants of each variety were used. The soil was a light sandy loam in which tomatoes had been grown the previous season. It was heavily manured for tobacco in 1899, but none was applied in 1900. Eye was sown in the autumn of 1900 and ploughed under on May 30, and the land prepared for tomatoes without any additional fertilizer. The soil was kept cultivated until the gi'owth of the plants prevented it. The vines were not trained in any way, but were allowed to lie on the ground. This was a favourable season for tomatoes and there was little green fruit left on the vines when frost came. There was considerable rot this year, but notwithstanding that fact the crop of good tomatoes was large. REPORT OF THE HORTlCULTURIiST 121 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 TOMATOES— TEST OF VARIETIES. Name of Variety. Date of first ripe fruit. 1 Baltimore Prize Taker Aiif 2 Child's Ruby Queen.. 3 King Humberi 4 Creekside Glory 5 Extra Early Red 6 Extra Early Advance, 7 Turner's Hybrid 8 Early Bermuda. 9 Freedom 10 Early Michigan 11 Maule's Earliest 12 Burpee's Climax 13 Extra Early Purple Advance 14 Extra Early Jersey 15 Acme IG Money Maker 17 Long Keeper 18 Improved Trophy . . , 19 Essex Hybrid 20 Bright and Early 21 Sutton's Eclipse. . 22 Liberty Bell 23 Early Bird 24 Conqueror ... .... 25 Sparks' Earliana July 27. . n.. 19.. 5.. (>.. 1.. 3.. 8.. 24.. 12.. 14.. 6.. 5.. 18.. 3.. 15.. 12.. 19.. 17. 22. 19. Yield of ripe fruit, first three pickings, Lbs. ozs. 15 1 G 13i 9S 6 5A 4S 15 Yield of ripe fruit, balance of pickings. Lbs. ozs. 127 15 124 9 118 13 118 2 116 14 113 5 109 7 107 13 107 4 107 10 105 3i 103 4| 102 10 101 00 100 7 98 13 08 10 98 00 9G 12 9ti 1 94 4 92 12 91 6 91 14 8G G Total yield of ripe fruit, all pickings. Lbs. ozs. 127 124 119 118 117 113 110 108 107 107 105 104 102 102 100 09 98 98 9G 94 92 92 89 15 9 12 2 15 11 OS 10 10 12 9 12 54 7 1.? 14 G 9G 12 4 lih Remarks. Above medium size, smooth, pur- plish pink. Large to very large, deep red, wrinkled. Below medium, wrinkled, scarlet. Above medium, wrinkled, scarlet. Below medium, smootli, scarlet. Below medium, smooth, scarlet. Large, smooth to slightly wrinkled, [lurplish. Medium to above medium, wrinkled, scarlet. Medium to below medium, smooth, scarlet. Medium, smooth, scarlet. Medium to large, wrinkled, scarlet. Medium, smooth, purphsh pink. Medium to below medium, smooth, purplish pink. Medium to above medium, wrink- led, scarlet. Medium, smooth, purplish pink. Medium to apove medium, wrink- led, scarlet. Medium, smooth, purplish pink. Above medium to large, smooth, scarlet. Above medium, smooth, purplish pink. Below medium, smooth, scarlet. Medium, smooth, scarlet. Medium to above medium, smooth, scarlet. Below medium, smooth, purplish pink. Medium to large, wrinkled, scarlet. Medium, smooth, scailet. TOMATOES — SIX EARLIEST VARIETIES. Name of Variety. Sparks' Earliana . . Earliest of All Extra Early Jersey Dominion Day Extra Early Red . . Essex Early South. Date of First Ripe Fruit. Julv 27. Aug. 3. Yield of Ripe Fruit, First Three Pickings. Lbs. Ozs. 8.\ 7i 51 li 1 Yield of Ripe Fruit, Balance of Pickings. Lbs. Ozs. SG 53 101 71 116 74 6 8 0 0 14 6 Total Yield of Ripe Fruit, All Pickings Lbs. Ozs. 89 54 102 72 117 75 14i 15| 5i 1| 15 H Remarks. Medium size, smooth, scarlet. Above medium, wrinkled, scarlet. Medium toabove, wrinkled, scarlet Above medium, wrinkled, scarlet. Below medium, smooth, scarlet. Below medium, smooth, scarlet. The first fruit of a few other varieties was ripe earlier tlian some of these, but the yield from tlie first three pickings was smaller. Sparks' Earliana was the best early tomato in 1901. 122 EXPERniEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 SIX BE.ST YIELDING WRIXKLED VARIETIES — AVERAGE FOR SI.X YEARS. Name of Variety. Average Date of First Ripe Fruit. Average Yield per Acre. Remarks. Early Bf-rmiKla Aug. 6.... 4.... 4.... 4.... 5.... 2.... Lbs. Ozs. 17 5 16 0 15 5 15 5 14 8 14 0 Medium to above medium, wrinkled, scarlet. Medium to above, wrinkled, scarlet. Extra Early Jersey Canada Victor . . Early Richmond Medium to above, wrinkled, scarlet. Medium size, wrinkled to smooth, scarlet. Medium to a1x)ve, wrinkled, scarlet. Medium to large, wrinkled, scarlet. TWELVE BEST YIELDING SMOOTH VARIETIES — A\T:RAGE FOR SIX YEARS. Baltimore Prize Taker. Extra Early Advance. . . . Band's Early Minnesota. Essex Hybrid Brinton's Best Comrade Early Ruby Trojihy Mayflower Autocrat Atlantic Prize Matchless Medium to above medium, regular, smooth, purplish pink. Below medium size, smooth, scarlet. Medium to below medium, smooth, purplisli pink. jMedium to above medium, regular, smooth, purplish pink. Above medium to large, regular, smooth, scarlet. Medium to below medium, smooth, scarlet. Medium size, smooth to slightly wrinkled, scarlet. Above medium to large, smooth, scarlet. Medium to large, regular, smooth, scarlet. Medium to above, suTooth, purplish pink. Medium size, smooth to wrinkled, scarlet. Above medium size, regular, smooth, scarlet. For shorter periods, the following varieties have averaged well : — Bright and Early (5 years), 16 lbs. C oz. ; Freedom (4 years), 14 lbs. 9 oz. ; Maule's Earliest (3 years), 14 lbs. 15 oz. ; Creekside Glory (3 years), 14 lbs. 4 oz. ; Early Bird (3 years), 14 lbs. 1 oz. PEASE— EXPERIMEXTS FOR COMPAEISOX OF YIELDS AXD QUALITY. For the past four years a large number of varieties of garden pease have been tested in the horticultural department and notes taken on their earliness, productive- ness, and quality ; the length of vines being also ascertained. In 1900, twenty-seven varieties which were considered the most promising from the standpoint of yield and quality were grown on larger plots in order to learn which were the best. This ex- periment was continued this year and the average results for the two years are given in the following table. Twelve hundred selected pease of each variety were sown in drills 100 feet long and 2^ feet apart on May 10. The pease germinated well and there was a good stand.' As each variety becr^me ready for use, the date was recorded and the yields of green pods from the several pickings also made. nrrroRr op the horticulturist SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Pease — Test of Varieties. 123 Name uf Variety. E(t rhi. Gregory's Surprise Cleveland's First and Best Alaska Station . . . Premium Gem Chelsea Nott's Excelsior Child's Morning Star. .. Exonian American Wonder Second Earl I/. Nott's New Perfection.. , Gradus English Wonder .... Medium. McLean's Little Gem . McLean's Advancer.., Burjiee's CJnantity. . . . Heroine Late. Ready for Use, 1900. June 29 •July 1 2 4 4 4 4 4 Dwarf Telephone Startler . McLean's Prolific Yorkshire Hero New Victory Champion of England . Boston Wrinkled Eugenie Juno Stratagem. Improved., Veitch's Perfection. .. . July 19 -. 19 M 21 „ 21 ,- 22 „ 23 >. 23 „ 23 „ 23, M 24 „ 3ll CD--! '^ T-H 1-1 o C5 Reatly for Use, ^ '§ 1901. IS July 1 3 3 1 3 2 3 July 1 5 2 3 3 4 M 8 4 3 5 2 o ] 2 2 4 2 3 G 2 3 M 10 3 4 (i 2 4 M 10 3 4 ., 13 3 6 „ 13 3 (i „ 12 2 3 .1 17 3 „ 24 3 2 .. 17 2 4 „ 20 2 4 ,. 17 2 2 4 July 19 M 17 2 2 4 4 .. 17 3 4 „ 21 2 3 .. 17 1 3 „ 19 2 1 4 O I"" a . Qts. 20 2(i 24 22 3G 31 23 ]9 20 22 33 29 26 36 38 47 40 41 82 36 52 60 54 50 44 36 38 Qts. 31 31 29 25i 34 35 30 30A 20 2U 25 22 29 24i 31 26i 33 29 31 42 35 38 18 16 32 24 27 Qts. 25.^ 28.1 33 29 28i 39 36i 42| 28 36i 43 31i 39 49i 45 49.L 29 .39.^ IS 31 14 25 23 30i Quality. Inches. 18 to 22 Very good. 22 Medium. 28j „ 21' Very good. 28 ]i " lOi 34l 26 Good. 20 Very good. 22 M 26|Very good. 28 „ 32l 16 „ 20 Good. 34 II 40 Very good. 30 M 34' 4 „ 38 Good. Very good. 20 42 40 34 42 66 52 54 34j „ 32 j Very good 66 Good. Good. Very good. Good. Very good. Good. EXPERIMENTS WITH CORN. Eor the past three years a large number of varieties of garden corn have been tested. In the reports for 1899 and 1900 full lists were published of the varieties vs^ith notes regarding them. Owing to the lack of space, the results this year are given of only twenty-four kinds, these being the varieties which have given the best average yields for three years in the several classes into which the varieties were divided, namely, early, second early, medium, and late. The soil in which the corn was planted was a light sandy loam on which squash, melons, and tobacco had grown in 1900. It received a good dressing of barn-yard manure in the spring of 1901, and was then ploughed and thoroughly harrowed. The corn was planted on May 31 in hills three feet apart each way, the places having been previously marked by a corn planter. About six kernels were planted in a hill. After germination had taken place and danger from cut-worms was over, the number of plants in a hill was re- duced to four. Twenty-four hills of each variety were planted, but twelve average hills of each were used for comparison. The corn was kept thoroughly cultivated 124 EJPERIilEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 during the summer and wlicn growth had ceased in the autumn it was cut and the ears removed and counted. Xamc of Variety. Eai-li) Varieties. Eurbank's Early Maine Early Fordhook Extra Early Cory Lackey's Early Sweet Early Marblehead Fords Early Second Earl I/. Crosby's Extra Early. . Low's Perfection Kendall's Early Giant . Early Giant Sweet . . . . Shaker's Early Child's Hone J' Dew. . . Intermediate. Black ^Mexican Burlington Hj'brid.. . . Stablers' Early Rosl}'n Hybrid j\loor"s Early Concord Zig Zag Evergreen. . . Late Varieties. Bonanza Sweet Country Gentleman. Shoe Peg Columbus Market. . . Mammoth Sweet. . . . Stowell's Evergreen . Sept. Aug. Sep. o 1-1 c; f-, o -»^ ^ IG Aug. l^^l 17 10 15 11 17 „ 11 15 „ 12 17 " 11 23 27 25 ,, 31 21 „ 22 24 „ 20 2G „ 27 25 29 Aug 28 Sept. 9 Aug. 29 28, „ 7 Sept. 3 29 Aug. 28 Aug. 2' 1 Sept. lOl „ 2' 311 M 6! M 28 2 m 15 Sept. Sept. 4 Sept. 10 Aug. 26 12 Sept. 18 „ 10 M 19 Aug. 30 12|Sept. 3 c^ o o CO o 1-H oT X T-l ei o a) 0; o C ^J* r^ .£ be to to c c a ^^ Ft. in. in. in. 7 G G Gi 5 U G G 5 10 (ih 51 0 8 7 G 5 11 7 6 5 7 7 7 7 0 6 6 8 1 7h 8 7 4 7i Gi 7 0 7^, 6 7 « 8 9 7 0 < 7 7 2 7 6i 8 4 8 7* 7 6 8 8 8 2 8 8 8 4 8 ^1 '2 8 2 1 6^ 7 2 7 8 8 0 1 7 7 6 6 7 8 10 10 8 9 4 6 8 9 0 7 7A * Is SOS o <^ n v» - , — _- I -- I' o ^ I <= o ^ ... a> T-( 1 o be •T3 § 5 s§ ^^ >.^' >.>. >i O'O WOT) T3 3 C D O C C e c« G ee e8 c^ w (a fc- (o ao bo .13 •" -r: rt eS S O . C C «S =* c« - c8 cS M O m w to .4J ""^ ,jj o o.£P^ ^ i-5i_5ij;Oh:i IG— 9 c c r "i n ft ■" c S « 2 r «j r = r r r << 3 f=H P=H Pm ^.. m 0. CI w m w 0 >-i _K .-^ .. 1;^ « O Ph <; ;;= ^ ;h « P3 c2 130 E'SPERIMEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 •T06I 'pnnoi3 luojj i-W-Wrjrt-ri •T06I C C-. C-. t>. ^ -O X C5 O IM ■ t^ 1-1 lO o •0061 £ r-l i-H r-< i-( 1-1 .-I i-H rH r-1 W ;<1 IM i-H iH (M C<1 M N .£.2 coxuticiamiaiooooomi-ccco im(n<-,o t-l r-l i-l i-l r-< r-l r-l i-l iH 1-1 i-l r-l i-l 1-1 ^ rH rH S o o 00 OO •^jBdv eonB^jsiQ in o lOinoco o o lo o in m m o ooioo ■g xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxx 0; OOOOOCCiCOlOOOOlOO iOOOO rVi I— li— li— li— I 1—1 1— li— llH iH 1—1 1-4 •paiuB^j uatiAV oc:oooooot-r30;c;c:«xias05 oooooca 00 X) 00 GC CC 00 OO 00 00 00 00 00 OO 00 00000000 CO 00 00 00 00 X> 00 00 00 00 GO 00 00 00 oooooooo REPORT OF THE EORTICULTURIIST 131 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 The trees in the ahove tahle which have not made satisfactory growth owing to nnsuitability of soil and other causes are Black Walnut, Butternut, White Elm, and Norway P -uce. Under better conditions these trees would have made much more growth. During the autumn of 1901 the following additions wore made to the trees in the forest belt along the western boundary. These were planted to replace other kinds which had not succeeded. The trees and shrubs were planted 2 J feet apart each way, the object being to get the ground shaded as soon as possible, in order that weeds would be killed, moisture conserved and the soil kept from baking without hav- ing to cultivate. There was also the important object of making the permanent trees shoot up straight without side branches. Necessarily, the great majority of the trees and shrubs planted were for this purpose. Name. White Ash [Fraxinus americana) Tamarac {Larix americana) White Spruce (Picea alba) Box Elder (Acer negundo) Alder Buckthorn [Khamnus Frangida) . . Ninebark [Neillia opulifolia) Rosemary Willow [Salix rosmarinifoUa). Total Height when planted. 4 feet. 3 ,. 2 „ 2-year-old tree cut back to ground. 6 inches. 2-year-old shnxbs cut back to ground. Unrooted cuttings. In addition to these there were Black Walnut, White Pine, Hard Maple, Rose- mary Willow, Sand Cherry, and White Ash used to complete the plantations begun in 1899. ARBORETUM AND BOTANIC GARDEN. Comparatively little is known of the Arboretum and Botanic Garden at the Cen- tral Experimental Farm, except by those who have visited Ottawa and seen it. When the farm was purchased, in 1886, sixty-five acres were selected for that purpose, and planting was begun in the autumn of 1889. Most of the land is high, and a fine view is obtained of the city of Ottawa on the north and east, while to the south there is a pleasing view across country with glimpses of the Rideau river in the distance. The Arboretum is bounded on one side by the Rideau canal, which at this point has marshy banks which take away much of the sameness which the canal would other- wise have, and also aiford a splendid opportunity for experiments with aquatics, though little has yet been done in this direction. Twelve years ago, when the first planting was made, comparatively little was known of the hardiness of a large number of trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants, as the number of species and varieties found in gardens was limited, but now 3,728 kinds of trees and shrubs, and over 1,600 perennials have been tested and notes taken on all of them. The number of individual specimens of trees and shrubs living in the Arboretum at the present time is more than 4,200. This large collection has been obtained from many sources. From donations of seeds from botanic gar- dens throughout the world a large number of species and varieties have been grown, the Royal Gardens, Kew, supplying many of them. The catalogues of nurserymen in America, Europe, and Asia have been searched to increase the collection until it is now difficult to obtain additional species of many genera. 16— 9i 132 EXPERIMEyiAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Particular attention has been given to tliose genera which include a large number of hardy species, such as Syringa, Lonicera, and Berberis, and these have been made as complete as possible, as their usefulness extends over a larger area than those which are not so hardy. Descriptive lists of hardy trees, shrubs and herbaceous perennials ■which have been found the most ornamental have been published, and have proven very useful to persons desiring to plant their grounds. A catalogue has also been published of all the trees and shrubs tested in the Arboretum up to the year 1899, and notes given as to their hardiness ; but in this list no descriptions are given. The winter of 1900-1 caused more injury than usual to the trees and shrubs, some species and varieties which had hitherto been hardy having their tops badly winter killed. There were long spells of dry, cold weather last winter, and there was pro- bably more evaporation from the wood than the trees could stand ; as confirming this opinion, some trees and shrubs which are not hardy and which grow late in the autumn and are thus well charged with sap when winter sets in, were no more in- jured than usual. The Arboretum looked better this year than ever before, as more labour was given to it than previously ; the trees and shrubs also as they grow larger add to the beauty of it. This year a nursery was established In part of the Arboretum In which were planted the trees and shrubs which are to be used by the Ottawa Improvement Com- mission for beautifying the city of Ottawa. Few trees and shrubs were planted in the Arboretum this year, but 525 specimens of nearly as many species and varieties were imported from Europe and were grown in nursery rows this year as it was thought that better results would be obtained than if they were planted in their permanent places at once. The collection of perennials was Increased by 525 species and varieties this year, making a total of 1,586 species and varieties now living In the border. A large collection of species and varieties of Michaelmas daisies or wild asters which was planted this year added much to the attractiveness of the border this autumn. Some of the new varieties are very handsome and should be planted in every garden, as they bloom until killed by frost. LILACS. The lilac Is one of the most popular hardy shrubs, which Is due largely to the delicious perfume and delicate tints of the flowers. Its extreme hardiness and ease of culture, and also to the fact that it begins to bloom during the month of May, when all flowers are much appreciated. The leaves develop early in the spring and do not fall until late In the autumn, which, with their attractive deep green colour, add to the beauty and popularity of this shrub. By making a judicious selection of species and varieties of lilacs, bloom may be obtained from the third week of May until the first week of July. It is an old favourite, the common species (Syringa vuhjaris), having been cultivated more than three hundred years ago, but it Is only during comparatively recent times that it has been improved and the exquisite varieties pro- duced which are such an acquisition to our gardens. The first double variety was introduced in 1870. Although there are now 11 species in cultivation, most of these were introduced during tho last one hundred years. There are 130 species and varie- ties being tested in the Arboretum which Includes all the species and most of the varieties in cultivation. The lilac may be propagated very easily either by budding or root grafting on lilac stock, which may be grown quite readily from seed or obtained as suckers from older bushes. It is quite possible also to graft the lilac on privet or ash, but these REPORT OF THE HORTICULTURIST 133 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 stocks are not satisfactory. Tlic lilac will also grow from green or ripe wood cut- tings. Some of the varieties now to be obtained were originated by cross-breeding, and this work offers a very delightful field for him who will devote his time to it. Lilacs grow well in many kinds of soil, but they do best in that which is moder- ately rich and well drained. They produce such an abundance of flowers and seeds that if grown in poor soil they will soon deteriorate. Suckers should be kept cut out of the older bushes, as these often are the cause of the shrubs not blooming well, and where grafted or budded varieties are grown it is absolutely necessary to do this. Very little additional pruning is needed. During recent years lilacs have been used quite extensively for forcing, the white varieties being the most popular. Insects rarely injure the flowers or foliage of lilacs and they are seldom affected by disease, the leaves, however, being occasionally mildewed. Following is a descriptive list of the species tested here and of the best varieties which have flowered. The species are arranged according to their time of bloom- ing, beginning with the earliest : — Syringa vulgaris, L. (Common lilac). — The common lilac is a native of Eastern Europe, and was introduced to cultivation in 1597. It is the best known of all the lilacs, being found growing in nearly every garden, but is often neglected and allowed to sucker badly, but even with this neglect it produces a profusion of flowers which are not surpassed in perfume by any of the newer varieties. It begins to bloom during the third week of May and lasts until near the end of the month. There are a much larger number of seedlings of this species than of any other and some of them are greatly superior to the parent, being of exquisite form and colour. Of these, 110 are being tested in the Arboretum, and the following are the best of those which have bloomed : — S. vulgaris, Leon Simon. — A very double variety with a large compact truss and large flowers of a fine shade of lilac, with short petals. The buds are of a brighter tint which adds to its attractiveness. Blooms in the last week of May. One of the best doubles. S. vulgaris, Maxime Cornu. — Double. Truss large. A very distinct variety, the flowers of which are almost pink. Very good. Blooms during the fourth week of May. S. vulgaris, Charles X.— Single. This is one of the oldest yet one of the best of the improved varieties. It is a most profuse bloomer, no other variety excelling it in this respect. The trusses are large and the flowers of an attractive deep purplish red colour. It blooms a few days later than the common lilac, being at its best during the fourth week of May. S. vulgaris, Jean Bart. — Double. Truss large and loose. Flowers double and of a fine shade of purple with twisted petals which give it a more graceful appear- ance than some of the more compact sorts. It is also beautiful when in bud, being then deep lilac. Very good. Blooms during the fourth week of May. S. vulgaris, Jacques Calot. — Single. A free bloomer with large trusses and very large flowers, the latter being of an attractive shade of lilac. Blooms durino- the fourth week of May. One of the best. 8. vulgaris. Souvenir de Ludwig Spath. — Single. This is a variety with verv dark purple flowers which makes a striking contrast to most of the other shades. Blooms in the fourth week of May. S. vulgaris, Michel Buchner.— Double. A very free blooming variety with trusses above the medium size, and having large double flowers of a fine pale shade of lilac the buds being of a rosy hue. Blooms during the fourth week of May. One of the best. ;S'. vulgaris, Furst Liechtenstein. — Single. Truss and flowers large, the latter being of an attractive lilac colour with a pinkish shade. A fine variety. 134 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 S. vulgaris, ^Madame Abel Chatenay. — ^Double, This is the finest double white lilac which has bloomed here. The trusses are of good size and the flov/crs double, pure white and of good substance. It is a most attractive variety and should be in every collection. Another double white variety called Madame Casimir Perier is said to be better, but this has not bloomed here yet. S. vulgaris, Charles Baltet. — Double. A very free blooming variety with large flowers which are purplish lilac in the centre and approaching a pink shade towards the outside. Blooms in the last week of May. S. vulgaris. La Tour d'Auvergne. — Double. This variety is at its best when part of the flowers are open and some still in bud, as there is a great contrast in the colour of the bud and the expanded flower. There are several shades of lilac in this variety, varying from light to dark. Blooms in last week of May. S, vulgaris, Comte Horace de Choiseul. — Double. A free blooming double variety with a compact truss and attractive lilac flowers. Blooms in the fourth week of May. S. vulgaris, Alba Grandiflora. — Single. This is a great improvement on the common white lilac, being a much freer bloomer and having a large truss and larger flowers. Very good. Blooms during the fourth week of May. Frau Bertha Damman is another fine single white variety. S. vulgaris. Dr. Maillot. — Double. This is the latest flowering of all the varie- ties of 8. vulgaris which have blossomed here and is one of the best. It is a free blooming variety with large trusses and exceptionally large double flowers of a very delicate pinkish purple. At its best during the first week of June. Very desirable for keeping up a succession of bloom. Syringa ohlaia, Lindl. — This species was introduced to cultivation in 1859 and is a native of China. The foliage of this lilac is very attractive, the leaves being large and of a dark, glossy green colour ; their shape also differs very much from other species, being heart shaped. The flowers are not unlike those of the common lilac, but have more of a pinkish tinge than most of the varieties of that species. Desirable on account of its attractive foliage. There is said to be a white variety of this species, but it has not yet been tested here. Syringa persica, L. (Persian lilac). — This species, as its name indicates, is a native of Persia, and was introduced to cultivation in 1640. It is not as robust a grower as the common lilac nor evidently as hardy, having gradually died out at the Experimental Farm. It is a small growing species, usually only reaching a height of five or six feet. The leaves are smaller than those of the common lilac which give it a more graceful habit. The flowers are of a bluish purple colour, not particu- larly attractive, and are borne in loose panicles. This species blooms during the fourth week of May while the common lilac is still in flower. There is a white and a cut-leaved variety, neither of which have yet done well here. Syringa chinensis, Willd (Rouen lilac). — Thought to be a hybrid betwen S. per- sica and S. vulgaris, of which it has more the character of the former. It was in- troduced in 1795. Other names for this lilac are S. rothomagensis and S. duhia. This is a beautiful species, being a much stronger grower than S. persica and having better coloured flowers. It grows from six to eight feet in eight and has foliage intermediate in character between S. persica and S. vulgaris. It is a very free bloomer, the flowers being borne in large, loose panicles and are of an attractive purplish violet colour. It blooms a little later than the Persian, but at the same time as some of the varieties of the common lilac. Syringa Josikoea, Jacq. Josika's lilac. — Closely following the common lilac in time of blooming is this species, which is a native of Hungary, introduced to cultiva- tion in 1835. If this species flowered at the same time as the common lilac it would REPORT OF THE HORTICULTURIST 13g SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 not be as valuable, but it begins to bloom about the 1st of June when most of the varieties of the common lilac are over. It is a robust species and attains a height of ten feet. The foliage is deep green and the leaves large, thick and very glossy, making it quite attractive. The flowers are bluish purple and have no perfume and are not borne in as large trusses as the common lilac. This is a desirable species on account of its giving a succession of bloom and for its fine foliage ; it also makes a very good hedge plant, forming a stiif row and being very attractive on account of its glossy foliage. Syringa Bretschneideri. — This is a species somewhat resembling S. persica, but is more upright in growth, more vigorous and hardier and with handsome foliage. By some authorities it is said to be 8. Emodi rosea It is, however, quite distinct from anything else growing here. It is not of special merit as it blooms about the same time as some of the best varieties of the common lilac. The flowers are some- what the same colour as the Persian, being a bluish purple. S. villosa, Vahl. — A native of Northern China, and introduced in 1880. It is a strong grower and said to reach a height of six feet, though from present indications it will grow a little taller than that here. The leaves are rough and rather coarse looking, but this tends to make the shrub more striking. It flowers during the second week of June, closely following 8. Josikcea. It is a free bloomer, the flowers, which are not highly perfumed, being pale bluish pink and the clusters of good size. This is a very desirable species. 8yringa Emodi, Wall. — A native of the Himalayan mountains, and introduced in 1840. There is very little difference between this and 8. villosa as grown here, although those labelled 8. Emodi have not proven so hardy and the leaves are larger. There is a variety, rosea, of this species and also one with variegated leaves. Syringa peJcinensis, Eupr. — This species is a native of Northern China, and was introduced in 1886. It is also sometimes called Ligustrina peJcinensis, Kegel. This species has not bloomed here nor proven perfectly hardy so far. There is a pendu- lous variety of it. Syringa amurensis, Eupr. — A native of Manchuria and Japan, and introduced in 1863. It is a strong growing shrub and might be called a small tree, as the ten- dency is to have only one stem. It is of a moderately spreading habit and has at- tractive, clean looking foliage. The flowers are quite different from most of the other species, the individual blooms more resembling those of the privet. They are creamy white and borne in large, loose panicles, and also in smaller and more com- pact ones. This lilac begins to bloom about the beginning of the fourth week of June and is very striking. Syringa japonica, Decne. — The Japanese lilac, sometimes known as the tree lilac is a native of Japan, as its name indicates, and was introduced in 1885. It is very similar in habit of growth to 8. amurensis, as grown here, the panicles of flowers however are larger and more compact. It blooms more than a week later than that species, not being at its best until the first week of July. Both this and S. amurensis are very desirable. These close the lilac season. ^ o 1-2 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 A. 1902 REPORT OF TH E CHEMIST (Fraxk T. SiiUTT, M.A., F.I.C., F.C.S., F.R.S.C.) Ottawa^ December 1, 1901. Dr. Wm. Saunders, Director, Dominion Experimental Farms, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit herewith the fifteenth annual report of the Chemical Division of the Experimental Farms. It will, I believe, be found to contain much of interest and value to the Canadian farmer, dairyman, and fruit grower. As formerly, the investigations carried on by this Division and now reported upon, though necessarily of a scientific nature, have been undertaken with the object of obtaining information of a practical character, and in this respect we have met with a very fair measure of success. The researches and analyses made relate to many of the various branches of agriculture, and hence our results should be found useful to a wide circle of readers. As it •would be quite impossible to give a detailed account of all the work accomp- lished in the Farm laboratories, we have inserted only the results of those investigations of greater importance and general interest, and which in a measure may be said to be completed. The nature and scope of the work is outlined in the following summary. Soil Investigations. — These include the complete chemical analysis of certain re- presentative soils from British Columbia, Ontario, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island. The most important of the series examined, perhaps, are the examples from reclaimed marshes at the head of the Bay of Fundy. Among other interesting fea- tures, certain differences in character and composition between the newly deposited soils and those which have been for many years in cultivation, have been pointed out. Soils representative of the Spallumcheen Valley, Okanagan, B.C., have been sub- mitted to careful analysis, and suggestions made regarding the culture and mainten- ance of fertility of this most productive area. A special examination for lime has been made in certain instances, to ascertain if there were any deficiency in this element. Soils from British Columbia and Quebec are reported on in this connection. In connection with the question of the conservation of soil moisture, we instituted this year a series of experiments in the orchard of the Central Farm, Ottawa. The moisture was determined in the soil, (a) under cover crop, and, (&)under cultivation, to a depth of 14 inches once a fortnight throughout the season. The results are as interesting as those obtained last year from the soils on the Experimental Farms at Indian Head, N.W.T., and Brandon, Man., though dift'ering somewhat in character, and will be found useful towards an understanding of the best modern methods of orchard tillage. Fertilizers. — The substances reported upon under this caption are chiefly of the order which we have in previous reports designated as ' naturally occurring,' and in- clude mucks, muds, limestone, factory wastes, wood ashes, sea-weed, &c. Fodders and Feeding Stiiifs. — The larger part of the work of the year has been in connection with these materials. We are, consequentlj^ able to present results on the following important problems: — 1. The changes in the composition of roots during Btorage. 2. The food and fertilizing values of the yields obtained from clover and 137 138 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 1-2 EDVv^RD VII., A. 1902 alfalfa by two and four cuttings, respectively. 3. The feeding values of (a) corn, and (t) clover, before and after ensiling. 4. The amounts of dry matter and sugar in farm roots. In addition to the foregoing, we have examined sugar beets grown in the North- west Territories, Manitoba and Prince Edward Island. The recent increase in the price of meals and * concentrates ' in general has caused a keen interest on the part of farmers and dairymen in the comparative feeding values of the various milling by-products upon the market and much correspondence has been received on this subject. There is a desire on the part of many feeders to have the composition of the high-priced by-products — as regards protein and fat contents — stated by the manufacturers. It may be remarked that in several of the United States a law to this effect is in force, and the request appears to be a reasonable one. If it is considered desirable or necessary to afford protection to the purchaser of plant food in commercial fertilizers, it may well be argued that it is equally desirable and necessary to protect the interests of those buying animal food in the more expensive forms (gluten meal, &c., &c.) now coming into such extended use. In tabular form we pre- sent the analytical data obtained on a series of samples of germ meal, gluten meal and other important by-products in the manufacture of corn starch and glucose, examined in the laboratories here during the past year. Many of these materials are seen to have a high feeding value, but a consideration of the whole shows that there is suffi- cient difference in their nutritive qualities to make this inquiry one of importance. Insecticides and Fungicides. — Analyses have been given of several brands of lye used in Canada and recently examined by us, as well as of certain other compounds used in the preparation of spraying mixtures. Soft Porh Investigation. — The analytical work in connection with this research was brought to a close in May of the current year. The compilation of the data, which were very voluminous, and their consideration necessarily occupied a considerable time so that it was well on in the year before the results and the deductions therefrom were ready for the press. We are glad to state, however, that in Bulletin No. 38, of the Farm Series, our conclusions from this important investigation have now appeared and been distributed. It is gratifying to note that this work has received the com- mendations of many engaged in pig raising and the pork packing industry, as well as the agricultural press. Grass Pea {Lafhyrus sati->:us). — It being held by some that the seed of this plant, •which is now somewhat extensively grown in parts of Ontario, possessed poisonous qualities, a very thorough search was made by chemical means, but with negative re- sults. This pea was also fed, almost exclusively, under our immediate supervision for ffome weeks to fowls, but no injurious effects could be observed. Well Waters from Farm Homesteads. — A tabulated statement is given of the data obtained upon the samples submitted to analysis, together with a brief report as to the wholesomeness of the waters. It is gratifying to note that on comparing these results with those of former years, there appears to be a decided improvement in the quality of farm waters. It seems again necessary to point out that instructions as to collection and ship- ment should be obtained before sending samples, in order to avoid mistakes that fre- quently render the analysis valueless. Investigations in Progress. — A considerable amount of work has been done on the analysis of honey, chiefly with the view of distinguishing between ripe and unripe samples. It has been discovered that the ordinary analytical methods in vogue for determining the percentage of water in this article are defective and do not yield ac- curate results. Further work is necessary, and it is confidently hoped that during the coming year we may be able to perfect our processes. We shall then be in a position to furnish reliable information as to the composition of Canadian honey and to ascer- tain what differences may exist between the ripe and unripe product BE PORT OF THE CUE ATI ST 139 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Another matter receiving? attention is the comparative feeding value of fodder corn grown in hills and drills, respectively. Four well known varieties with this end in view are now in course of analysis. Tiihcrcidin. — "We have, as in former years, prepared and forwarded tuberculin to the Dominion veterinary surgeons. During the twelve months ending November 30, 1901, G,T80 doses have been sent out. Correspondence. — The letters received by this Division, in addition to those re- ferred to us by the other departments of the Farm, numbered 1,213, from December 1, 1900, to November 30, 1901, and during that period 1,127 were despatched. Samples Received for Analysis. — In the subjoined table will be found information as to the number and character of the samples received for examination. The number exceeds that of past years, and points to the popularity of this branch of work. As the demands upon our time increase, it is necessary to point out that the examination of such samples can only be undertaken as opportunity permits, and that the experiments instituted on the farm must, necessarily, have first attention. As far as is possible, help will be furnished as heretofore in this matter, but we must counsel patience and consideration on the part of our correspondents. Samples Received from Farmers for Examination and Report, November 30, 1900, to December 1, 1901. Samples. 'S s o 5P' 'E o 1 1 d 1 O o 11 m a a M O o > o ■H 3" o Number still awaiting ex- amination. Soils Mucks, muds and marls Manures and fertilizers 20 1 1 3 2 30 4 .... 5 3 7 20 2 1 14 2 34 72 6 3 111 37 40 2G9 15 2 "i 10 11 39 5 '"i "u 1 19 5 12 7 2 o 4 32 4 'I 18 15 2 127 39 17 153 96 69 27 11 3 2 0 9 Well waters Miscellaneous, including dairy products, fungicides and insecticidee Totals 58 501 52 AcJcnowledgmenis. — To the assistant chemists, Mr. A. T. Charron, M.A., and Mr. II. W. Charlton, B.Sc, I would again heartily tender my thanks for much valuable assistance during the past year. By their assiduous labours and their intelligent in- terest in the various investigations, has it alone been possible to overtake the work of this Division and to present the information contained in this report. I am also much indebted to Mr. J. F. Watson, for most efficient help in connection with the correspondence and other clerical work of the Chemical Division. As in past years, his duties have been performed in a most careful and painstaking manner. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, FRANK T. SIIUTT, Cliemld, Dominion Experimental Farms. 140 EIPEIiJMEyTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 SOIL IXVESTIGATIOXS. BRITISH COLUMBIA. SpaUumcheen Valley. — Our attention having been directed to the desirability of ascertaining the nature and possible deficiencies of the soil of this district, we obtained through the kindness of Mr. Donald Graham, of Armstrong, B.C., two samples, representative of the surface and subsoil, and accompanying which we received the following particulars and information. Mr. Graham writes : ' The two samples represent the Spallumcheen Valley as a whole. The soil was originally very rich and productive. It is still strong, although certainly failing somewhat in productiveness. "We should like to know what it requires particularly to bring it up again, though Ijerhaps not so much to bring it up as to keep it from failing any more. No. 1 is a black loam and covers this valley generally from a very slight covering in places to a depth of sometimes a foot or two. It has been cultivated for the past twenty years. Ko. 2 is the subsoil of the valley, but in places where coming to the surface it has been productive, although much harder to cultivate than Xo. 1. In such parts of the valley where there is not much (surface) loam, the soil is getting yearly harder to cultivate. The sample sent was taken from beneath the black loam forwarded, at a depth of a foot or more, and consequently I presume it to be richer than the clay that has been reached by the plough and cropped.' Analysis of (air-dried) Soils. Xo. 1. Xo. 2. Surface soil Subsoil Moisture 3-80 3-81 Organic and volatile matter 12 -28 7 '70 Clay and sand (insoluble in acid) 65-46 63-51 Oxide of iron and alumina 15-80 21-15 Lime -69 -82 Magnesia -09 1-21 Potash -83 1-09 Phosphoric acid '23 -IB Soluble silica -09 -05 Carbonic acid, ^-c. (undetermined) '73 -50 100 -00 100 -00 Xitrogen in organic matter -415 '161 Availahle Constituents in Surface Soil. p. c. Potash -029 Phosphoric acid -028 Lime -316 Xo. 1. The chemical data give evidence of a high degree of fertility. Judged by the standards suggested by Dr. Hilgard, as well as those we have previously estab- lished from the examination of Canadian soils, I should conclude that this soil was well supplied with all the more important constituents of plant food. Indeed, it ap- pears to the writer as a soil of more than average richness. Further, the proportion of the mineral elements potash, phosphoric acid and lime, more or less immediately available, are very satisfactory, so that with a sufficient sup- ply of moisture excellent crop yields should be obtained. Towards the maintenance of its fertility we should counsel the application from time to time of an organic manure, and in this connection the growth and turning under of clover in districts where there is sufficient moisture to obtain a good ' stand,' oflFers itself as one of the most economical methods. The growth of the clover would no doubt be encouraged, and the land much improved, by a dressing of a fertilizer con- REPORT OF THE CUEMIST 141 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 taiiiiug lime and potash. Since marl (carbonate of lime) is obtainable in the neigh- bourhood, it might be tried, though if first burnt its effect will be more immediate. The continued or excessive use of quick lime, especially if unaccompanied by other manures, is not to be recommended, for though such treatment might give larger yields for a few years, it would tend eventually to exhaust the soil. The value of clover as a fertilizer has in past reports been fully dealt with in all its phases, and it is only ne- cessary to remind our readers that clover is a moisture-loving plant, and consequently it is practically impossible to ensure its vigorous growth unless the soil contains a sufficiency of moisture. It is possible that alfalfa, being a deeply-rooted legume, might give a better return than clover, but being of a slower and somewhat more diffi- cult growth, it does not offer itself as a desirable substitute for the purposes of ' green manuring,' when the land is being worked under a short rotation. The question of rotation is also one that has much to do with the maintenance of fertility, for there is no doubt that land continuously under one crop — and especially one demanding the active cultivation of the land and making great demands on the store of available plant food — will fall off in productiveness much more quickly than one under a system which calls for a due succession of crops. The physical texture of this soil, judged from the sample forwarded, appears to be excellent, no doubt due largely to the favourable proportion of organic matter present. A mechanical separation shows, approximately, 55 per cent of coarse sand — a fact that places it in the category of soils well adapted to general cultivation. No. 2. In the larger number of the determinations this subsoil shows that plant food is abundantly present, though the fact that the soil bakes into hard masses indi- cates that drainage is desirable, and that a dressing of lime would be beneficial. ONTARIO. Welland County. — Two samples of soil from South End, Welland county, and which were fairly representative of the cultivated lands of the district, have been examined with a view of obtaining information as to their character, their possible deficiencies and most economic methods of treatment. Most of the soils in this dis- trict— which has long been favourably known as adapted to fruit growing — have been tilled for a number of years, and consequently where not kept up with manures they are to be considered as ' partially exhausted.' It is of the latter order that the soils examined are to be considered. Our correspondent in forwarding the samples furnishes the following particulars regarding them : — * 'No. 1. This has been in grapes for several years, perhaps twelve. To my knowledge it has not received any manure or fertilizer for at least four years, and probably for a still longer period. It has been well cultivated. It would average about one foot in depth, and is underlaid by a heavier clay. Xo. 2 was cropped — blue grass and timothy — three or four years prior to 1897, when it was ploughed and sown to fall wheat; crop, 20 bushels to the acre, 1898. Oats, 1899, potatoes and turnips, and trees (orchard) planted in 1900 with no crop, but well worked. Subsoil, clav as in Xo. 1.' Anahjsis of (air-dried) Soils. No. 1. Xo. 2. Grapery. Orchard. Moisture 1*23 1-47 Organic and volatile matter 4 -91 7 -07 Clay and sand (insoluble in acid) 84-25 81 r74 Lime •2:1 -32 Potash .35 .39 Phosphoric acid -10 .^ Nitrogen, in organic matter -12(3 -231 Available phosphoric acid -0112 'OMl Available potash ;009S .-0195 Available lime '110 -iss 142 EXPERHIEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 A mechanical separation of tlie clay and sand showed that Xo. 1 contained 62*70 per cent, and Xo. 2, 70 -00 per cent, coarse sand. They are, therefore, to be considered essentially as sandy loams. Judged from the chemical standpoint, Xo. 2 is the better soil, being richer in organic matter and nitrogen, in addition to showing somewhat larger percentages of lime, potash and phosphoric acid, more especially in the available condition. The reason for the better quality may, perhaps, be found in the well known fact that land under active cultivation loses in fertility m\ich quicker than that in sod — indeed, the latter if pastured, will improve, more particularly in available constituents. Xo. 1. The data indicate that as regards mineral constituents this soil is below the average of fairly fertile soils, and that for most crops the application of a ferti- lizer containing all three elements — potash, phosphoric acid and lime — would prove beneficial. The soil has a distinctly acid reaction, due, no doubt, in large part to deficiency in lime, and, therefore, wood ashes or Thomas' slag and a potash salt are suggested as fertilizers. Xo. 2. This soil is of fair average quality and should give good returns. It could, however, be improved by treatment such as suggested in the preceding paragraph. Speaking generally of such soils, we should say that being somewhat sour and naturally deficient in lime, an application of lime — or, better still, a fertilizer fur- nishing not only lime, but also phosphoric acid and potash — would be advantageous. As a source of phosphoric acid, Thomas' or basic slag could be advised. Further, to improve tilth and absorptive capacity for moisture, both soils, but especially Xo. 1, would be the better for an organic manure, and especially one which would at the same time increase the store of nitrogen. The growth and turning under of clover furnishes an economical means to that end. NOVA SCOTIA. Marsh Soils from the Bay of Fundy. — Among the most valuable and fertile soils of Xova Scotia and Xew Brunswick are the reclaimed salt marsh lands which border on the Bay of Fundy. Many of these have produced, for a long term of years, without the application of any manure, remunerative yields of hay, and consequently are soils justly esteemed in the maritime provinces as of the highest agricultural importance. Besides their suitability for the raising of hay, many, no doubt, by reason of their composition and texture, are capable of giving profitable returns in ordinary field and market garden crops. The salt marsh areas, before being dyked and drained, may present one of several aspects. Frequently they appear as bare deposits of tidal mud, the depth of which may be many or only a few feet. This is generally full of the undecomposed remains of eel grass (zostera marina), a plant of little direct agricultural value, but of the greatest service in the formation of these marshes, and in supplying their soils with organic matter. At other places, these marshes are found covered with a thick, matted sod resulting from the growth of salt grasses that followed the eel grass and overlying the tidal deposit. Dyking to keep out the sea-water, and thorough drainage to remove the salt and excess of water, are the two initial processes necessary towards reclamation. Once these are effectively accomplished, the land is easily brought into cultivation, and is found, as already stated, to be most productive. It is the practice of some farmers to occasionally let in the tide for a short period, so that the soil may be recovered for a time. This plan, though it rejuvenates the soil, necessitates the lapse of a year or two, to allow the washing out and carrying away of the salt with which the sea water has impregnated the land. Marshes from which the salt has not been removed will not grow timothy, and the quality of the salt grasses produced is of a decidedly inferior character. REPORT OF THE CHEMIST I43 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 In several of the past reports of this Division, analyses have been given of the marsh * mud ' as deposited by the tide, and which is very generally used on all lands adjoining the Bay of Fundy, as an amendment or fertilizer. Hitherto, however, we have not had the opportunity of making any systematic examination of the soils of the reclaimed marshes. This important work has, through the co-operation of Professor Wm. F. Ganong, been partially accomplished during the past year, and the analytical results obtained are here presented. The samples, five in number, were collected and forwarded by Professor Wm. F. Ganong, who for some years past has been making a critical study of the reclaimed salt marshes which lie at the head of the Bay of Fundy. It was thought by him that there might be some relationship between the character and composition of these soils— which have all been deposited by the tide — and their vegetation, and that a knowledge of this relationship might be of economic, as well as scientific, value. Recognizing the significance of this conjecture, and knowing that large and important agricultural interests are closely identified with these reclaimed marshes, both in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, the analysis of these soils was undertaken. The data are not only exceedingly interesting from a scientific standpoint, but are of value in indicating the character of these soils and in furnishing information that may be of use to the practical farmer as to the best treatment of these marshes. The following particulars are furnished by Professor Ganong : — Description and Location of Soils. — No. 1. Marsh land. From near Aulac river, opposite Pointe de Bute. Has yielded heavy crops of timothy and associated grasses for at least forty years without ploughing, tiding, fertilizing or other cultural treatment. No. 2. Soil from low part of marsh producing very poor grass. Patches sur- rounded by very good grass. Near Missequash river, opposite Pointe de Bute. Here and there on the good marsh are areas of a few square yards on which there is a poor growth, and this No. 2 is a sample from one of these. Deposit very deep, known to be twenty feet or more. No. 3. Mud freshly brought in and laid down by the tide at mouth of Tantramar river, on a piece of marsh being newly ' tided.' A sample of the deposit of which the entire marshes are built ; the original marsh material unaffected by any vegetation. No. 4. Blue clay, from 18 inches below the surface in a damp place inside the company's canal, near Missequash river, above Pointe de Bute. The red mud changes to this where drainage is poor. It then bears a coarse, nearly useless, vegetation. Deposit, many feet deep. Extremely poor soil pnd needing improvement. No. 5. Brown mud, from 2^ feet below the surface, inside the company's canal, near Missequash river, above Pointe de Bute. Being thus below the surface, this soil has never borne crops directly, though it "is penetrated by roots of the grass on the ordinary cultivated marsh land above. Deposit is many feet deep. On arrival at the laboratory, the following notes were made on the samples, all of which were in an air-dried condition : — No. 1. Of a distinctly red colour ; in small lumps easily broken between the finger and thumb, and containing a considerable amount of root fibre. For a marsh soil, it has the appearance of being in a very fair mechanical condition, though pos- sibly it might be improved in this respect by drainage. No. 2. In larger and less friable lumps than No. 1, of a grayish-blue colour with streaks of reddish soil through them. The colour and condition point to insuffi- cient aeration, resulting no doubt from the drainage being imperfect. No. 3. In layers something like shale, one-eighth to one-fourth inches in thick- ness, distinctly red, and easily broken. Has more the appearance of a rock than a soil. No. 4. In exceedingly hard, tenacious lumps, bluish-gray, but showing many streaks of a greenish-yellow colour. 141 EXPERIMEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Xo. 5. 1x1 reddish lumps, easily broken. Xot unlike sample Xo. 1, but not showing any root fibre. The samples for analysis were made on the ' fine earth ' prepared by first removing all fibre and pebbles and then grinding and seiving the remainder. In the determina- tion of the * total ' constituents, hydrochloric acid, specific gravity 1 -115, was used as a solvent, digesting the soil for 10 hours at the temperature of the water-bath. For the estimation of the ' available ' potash, phosphoric acid, and lime, 1 per cent solu- tion of citric acid was employed, digesting in the cold for 5 hours with frequent agi- tation. Chemical Analyses of Soils from the Head of the Bay of Fundy, 1001. Results calculated on water-free Soils. No. Organic and Volatile Matter. Clay and Sand. Oxide of Iron and Alumina. Lime. Mag- nesia. Potash. Phos- phoric Acid. Soluble Silica. Carbonic Acid (under- mined). Total. 1 2 .. 3 6-54 10-60 6-02 6-77 3-10 75-29 73 18 75-83 76-01 84-48 14-72 12-64 13-79 14-01 9-87 •239 -234 •652 -409 •288 •513 •397 •283 •183 •154 •817 -852 -902 •996 -646 •136 •124 •146 •094 •110 •091 059 •063 •056 ■063 1-654 1-914 2-314 1-472 1-289 1000 1000 1000 4 5 100 0 100-0 No. (Co7itmu€d.) Nitrogen. Available Elements. Potash. Phos- phoric Acid. Lime. Reaction. 1 •182 •338 •122 •106 •062 •0088 •0340 •0748 •0073 •0300 •0260 •0160 0466 -0436 -0354 •0626 Acid. 3.11 -0449 1 ,. ■3970 Neutral. 4 5 -0792 -1080 Acid. The data in the subjoined table have been furnished by Professor Ganong. They give the proportions of the various soil-forming constituents in the example under in- vestigation. Mechanical Analyses of Marsh Soil. Timcjthy land unplougLed and cropped over 40 j'ears Water Organic matter Gravel Coarse sand . . Medium u Fine n Very fine u Silt... Fine silt Clav 200 .505 025 275 125 360 185 165 .3! to 585 99-815 II. Low places in hay marsh where agrostis grows. III. Brought in fresh by tide. 2-600 10-920 -400 -2S5 1 900 1-300 50110 17 -735 10-530 95-780 1-800 6-200 1-125 3100 2 025 4-225 45-275 14 125 12-400 9-660 99 935 IV. Bine clay from 18 in. below surface. 3-100 7-360 •125 •325 2-400 6-210 33 -885 20-375 10-805 15-200 99 905 REPORT OF THE CHEMIST 145 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 The proportion of Salt in Marsh Soils. — Since the fertilitj' of marsh depends in a large measure upon the thoroughness with which the common salt has been eliminated, a determination of this constituent was deemed advisable. The percentages obtained are as follows, and represent the amounts present in the water-free soils : — Common salt per cent. Xo. 1 . -037 No. 2 1 -048 No. 3 4-16 No. 4 -939 No. 5 -217 Conclusions and Suggestions. — No. 1. As regards humus (organic matter) and nitrogen, this soil would compare well with those of fair average richness, the per- centages of nitrogen in such usually being between -1 and -2 per cent. The lime-content agrees with that found in many Canadian sandy loams of aver- age fertility, which as a rule lies between •! and '3 per cent. It cannot, however, be considered as rich in this constituent. The total potash in this, as in the other members of the series, is much higher than in most of our virgin soils. It most probably exists in the form of double sili- cates, and would be gradually liberated in an assimilable condition under good methods of soil culture and favourable climatic conditions. The percentage of phosphoric acid is somewhat lower than that in Canadian virgin soils of average fertility, but as we shall see shortly, a large proportion of this is in an available form. This soil, as also Nos. 2, 3 and -1, is characterized by a large percentage of oxide of iron a feature that frequently betokens, when the iron is fully oxidized (by aeration which follows efficient drainage and good cultural methods), a favourable condition for plant growth. The immediate fertility or crop-producing power of a soil as contrasted with that which is latent, is measured by the percentages of the essential elements necessary for plant nourishment that are available, rather than by the percentages extracted by hot hydrochloric acid — the solvent employed in the usual methods of analysis. The amounts of the so-called available elements are obtained by using an acid solution which is approximately equal in solvent power to that exuded by the roots and rootlets of plants. Such a solvent is a 1 per cent solution of citric acid.* By this method, known as the Dyer method, after the chemist who introduced it in 1894, this soil (No. 1) appears to be fairly well supplied in available phosphoric acid, but somewhat below the average of fertile soils as regards available potash, probably resulting from its removal by the hay crop during the long term of years the marsh has been cut. Further, it seems probable that this soil is somewhat deficient in its store of available lime. In character, it may be classed as a sandy loam, containing fair proportions of clay and organic matter. It is exceedingly interesting and satisfactory to note that in this soil the salt has been so thoroughly washed out. Of all the samples it contains the least. The extent to which this removal has taken place will be evident on comparing the percentage in this soil ( '037) with that in No. 3 (4-16), which is newly laid down marsh. Considered generally, we might prejudge the soil as one capable of yielding good crops under favourable climatic conditions, but one also that might have its product- iveness increased by occasional manurings and thorough drainage where necessary to *A full discussion of the character of many Canadian virgin soils, standards of fertility and methods of analysis, is to be found in the Report of the Chemist of the Experimental Farms, 1897. 16—10 146 EJPERIMEyTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 improve its mechanical condition. "Were we asked to make suggestions regarding the nature of the manures to be used we should advise, since it is hay land, the sowing of clover from time to time, which would enrich the soil in humus and nitrogen, and a dressing of bone meal 200 pounds, superphosphate 100 pounds, and muriate of potash 75 pounds, these quantities being for one acre. It is quite probable that a simple dressing of lime, 20 to 40 bushels per acre, might much increase the yield. No, 2. Though in many features this soil is similar to No. 1, there are certain data which show it to be richer in plant food. Thus, in nitrogen and organic matter, the percentages are almost double those in No. 1. It is also much richer in total and available potash. The phosphoric acid, however, present in the available condition is considerably less than in the preceding sample. With better drainage, through aeration, and good culture, this soil should give returns equally as good as those from No. 1. There is no evidence of any particular want of plant food or of the presence of any deleterious compounds, save those which naturally form in a water-logged soil from which the air is excluded. We are of the opinion that in addition to drainage and aeration, an application of lime would prove of benefit, sweetening the soil and converting the poisonous iron compounds, formed by the causes mentioned in the preceding paragraph, into innocu- ous forms. The comparatively speaking large amount of salt present strongly indicates poor drainage, and serves to support the view taken that the requirements of this soil are mechanical rather than chemical. No. 3. This sample is of particular interest as furnishing data regarding the com- position of the tidal deposit as laid down. It seems to contain both mineral and or- ganic constituents in very fair quantities, and gives evidence of possessing all the requisites for forming a good arable soil under suitable treatment. On comparing the amounts of the organic matter and nitrogen of freshly deposit- ed marsh with those of old marsh soil (No. 1), it will be observed that the latter is somewhat the richer in these constituents. This agrees with the generally accepted view, that in soils under sod continuously the percentages of humus and nitrogen tend to increase. The percentage of lime is nearly three times that in soils Nos. 1 and 2, and seems to indicate that the ' mud ' as deposited is richer in this element than the marsh lands are after years of cultivation. If this is .the case, an explanation is furnished in the fact that a considerable quantity is annually withdrawn by the crop. We, further, are aware that lime has a tendency to ' work down ' into the subsoil. This soil, it will be noticed, is the only one of the series that does not show acidity, a very significant fact. The amount of salt, as might be expected, is very high. That, however, it can be readily removed through drainage has been already shown. No. 4. While the percentages of plant food, with the exception of potash, are not equal to those of many soils of good average fertility, there are no undesirable features save the ' sourness ' of the soil and its very bad mechanical condition, both of which are capable of removal or improvement by drainage, aeration and the application of lime. Its chief deficiencies, if such they may be called, are nitrogen and phosphoric acid. The necessity for better drainage is emphasized by the amount of salt present, nearly 1 per cent. No. 5. From the position of this sample, it must be regarded as of the nature of a subsoil, and consequently its very small percentages of nitrogen and organic matter are not to be considered as abnormal. This sample presents many similarities to the other soils of this series, though tlierc are notable differences between this and the four preceding soils in the much smaller percentage of oxide of iron it possesses. REPORT OF THE CHEMIST 147 SESSIONAL PAPER No, 16 PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND. Marsh Soil. — Eespecting this reclaimed land, the inquiry is received : 'Will timothy and clover thrive upon it ? ' Mr. Eichard Egan, of Mount Stewart, P.E.I., in sending the marsh soil for analysis says : * The land was formerly flooded by salt water. Some three years ago an aboideau was constructed, and for two years after good crops of marsh hay were taken from it. Now there is hardly any crop — the marsh grasses are apparently dying. There are over 500 acres of this land owned by different farmers, who are at present suffering a great loss.' When received, the sample consisted of granular masses and a small amount of powder, of a light gray colour, mixed with many fragments of vegetable fibre, chiefly of eel grass. From the appearance and construction of the soil particles it would seem as if they were formed by the deposition of a fine silt about the partly disintegrated fibre. The whole was of a very loose, light texture. To ascertain, if possible, the cause of the alleged sterility, we made an examination of the soil and obtained the following data : — Analysis of (air-dried) Marsh Soil. Moisture 3-29 Organic and volatile matter 15 "79 Mineral matter, insoluble in acid 60 '10 Mineral matter, soluble in acid 20-82 100 00 Lime -31 Nitrogen -45 f Common salt '31 *Sulphate of lime -93 tCalcuIated from chlorine. *CalcuIated from sulphuric acid. It would appear from these figures that as regards nitrogen and humus there is no deficiency ; indeed, the amounts present show that in these constituents the soil is par- ticularly rich, though no doubt much of the nitrogen is not in an assimilable condition. No determination of the percentages of the potash and phosphoric acid present was made, but we feel assured from past work upon virgin marsh land that the trouble cannot be due to lack of these elements. The amount of lime, '31 per cent, indicates that this element is not wanting. The soluble chlorides and sulphates (common salt, sulphate of lime) present, though not excessive, woidd suggest the desirability of more thorough drainage if timothy and clover are to be sown. Possibly a fair growth of the cultivated grasses could now be obtained, and every succeeding season, provided the showers can wash out and carry away the salt, the conditions for their development would be improved. The skilful culture or working of the land, in addition to drainage, would no doubt assist in bringing about that texture or mechanical condition of the soil necessary to the vigorous growth of timothy and clover. At present it seems to be too light and porous, and though these qualities are conducive to the sweetening and aeration of the soil, a firmer and more compact tilth is desirable for cultivated grasses. To this end it might be desirable to cultivate the land one or two seasons with a root crop, furnish- ing sufficient manure to give the young plants a good start. There is another course open, but it means the growing of the coarser, less nutri- tious salt grasses. If the marsh were flooded, the probability is that much of the ap- parently dead marsh grass would revive, and in a season or two a good crop of hay pro- cured. This method would, of course, preclude the possibility of growing timothy and 16— lOJ 148 EXPEPiIMEyTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 clover, and we should therefore advise a careful scrutiny of the marsh and the trial of timothy and clover on the better drained portions, before resorting to the latter plan and letting in the salt water. Though possibly there may be marked differences in the qualities of these tidal deposited soils, we do not know of any instance where the land lias not yielded to a proper and thorough system of reclamation, giving remunerative crops of cultivated grasses as soon as the salt has been sufficiently washed out and the soil become well aerated and, in such cases as this, well compacted. SOILS EXAMINED FOR DEFICIEXCY IN LIME." Many soils are received respecting which information is merely sought as to their richness in lime, so that their future treatment as regards this form of plant food may be in accord with the best practice. These samples, as a rule, are tested qualitatively, and from the results obtained an opinion is forwarded as to the necessity or desira- bility of a lime application. Occasionally, however, when these soils are representa- tive of large areas they are submitted to a quantitative analysis, estimating the total lime, and also the proportion soluble in 1 per cent citric acid, which we must suppose indicates approximately the amount readily available to plants. We may insert the analysis of a few of these, since the placing on record of the data will make them available for future reference. Lahelle County. Quebec. — Three clay soils sent by the Hon. W. Owens, Monte- bello, and considered as deficient in lime: — Total Lime. Available Lime. Xo. 1 -462 -448 Ko. 2 -791 -089 Ko. 3 -679 -116 Ko. 1. This appears to be a fairly good soil, though capable of improvement, pro- bably by judicious culture. It contains a considerable amount of humus (organic matter) and nitrogen, and I should judge, is by no means deficient in the other ele- ments of plant food. Regarding its lime content — the chief object of this inquiry — our results show a fair, though not large, percentage. Analj'sis further indicates that by far the larger quantity of this lime is in a more or less readily available condition. Though one cannot speak positively, the data do not indicate that the soil stands in need of a dress- ing of lime. No. 2 and Xo. 3. Clay loams are similar soils, though I should consider the latter somewhat the more refractory of the two. Both, in my opinion, would be benefited by an organic manure (barn-yard manure or clover turned under) and an application of lime. It will be noticed that, though these soils contain a larger percentage of total lime than No. 1, their percentage of available lime is very much less. They give a faintly acid reaction to litmus paper, a fact which confirms the deduction from the available lime estimation. From a mechanical as well as a chemical standpoint, I think lime would improve these soils. Enderhy, Kamloops Division, E. Yale, B.C. — The soil is a stiff clay, and is describ- ed by Mr. Frank Hazard, who sends the sample, as 'rich wheat land, giving heavy crops.' It is, however, ' very difficult to work, and can only be ploughed in dry weather. It breaks down with the frost.' When received at the laboratory, it had dried into hard, refractory lumps and masses. Information is sought as to what may be added to the soil to improve its texture and render it more easily worked. A partial analj'sis afforded the following data : — Moisture 7-18 Organic and volatile matter 10-59 Oxide of iron and alumina 24 '68 Lime 1-21 Nitrogen in organic matter •301 REPORT OF TEE CHEMIST 149 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 An estimation of the lime soluble in 1 per cent citric aciJ Solution gave -075 per cent. As regards nitrogen, the soil must be considered much above the average, and this fact no doubt in a large measure accounts for the high productiveness of the land and its suitability for wheat growing. It is also very well supplied with organic matter. In lime, the percentage obtained by using hot, strong hydrochloric acid as a solvent, is by no means insignificant, but that a very small proportion exists in an active and assimilable condition is evident from the small proportion soluble in dilute citric acid, viz., -075 per cent. It seems, therefore, from our examination that this is to be considered a rich soil, but one that might be improved by thorough drainage, careful working and the judi- cious use of lime. An application of this ' amendment,' say, at the rate of 40 bushels per acre, harrowed under, would, we believe, increase the soil's productiveness, and in conjunction with drainage, weathering and ' dry ' working of the land, materially ameliorate its physical condition. The continued use of lime makes it desirable to supply the soil from time to time with organic matter. This, of course, may be done by an application of stable ma- nure, but when there is only a limited supply of this available it will be advisable to have recourse to the turning under from time to time of a green crop — preferably one of the legumes, such as clover or pease. THE RELATION OF ' COVER ' CROPS AND CULTIVATION TO SOIL MOISTURE. Tor some years past there has been a keen interest evinced by the orchardists and fruit growers of Ontario and eastern Canada in the question of cover crops followed by bare cultivation. The subject is being continually discussed as one of first import- ance in the horticultural press and at fruit growers' conventions, and there is already on record a considerable amount of practical experience, chiefly of a favourable char- acter, regarding this system of soil treatment. The old method of allowing orchards to remain in permanent sod is being abandoned and in its place this plan is being adopted. With a view to obtaining data that might prove valuable, more especially towards suggesting a rational treatment of orchard soils in eastern Ontario and adjacent areas in Quebec, we have, with the co-operation of the horticultural division, carried on during the past season certain investigations in the orchards of the Experimental Farm, Ottawa. This work has furnished results of some importance, and will, we think, prove of more than ordinary interest to many of our readers. We may briefly at the outset state the plan of the system and the principles under- lying it.* The land is ploughed in late spring — usually between the latter part of April and the middle of May — and k^pt thoroughly cultivated until early in July, when one of the legumes, generally, mammoth or common red clover, is sown. This, as a rule, is allowed to remain till the following spring, possibly the second or third week in May, when the growth is turned under with the plough and the soil cultivated as many times as is deemed necessary until the beginning of July, when clover is again sown. According to the nature of the soil and the rainfall to be expected in the dis- trict, the dates for these operations must be varied somewhat ; thus, if drought usually prevails in the early summer months the ploughing under of the clover should not be later than the middle of April — even if there be little or no spring growth — so that by cultivation the spring showers may be conserved. On the other hand, if a generous and well distributed precipitation may be expected the clover may be allowed to remain growing throughout the summer, mowing the crop when necessary. The objects of the system are, primarily, the enrichment of the soil with humus and nitrogen and the conservation of moisture for the use of the trees during the drier months of summer, and incidentally the aeration of the soil and the liberation of its plant food. It also *For a fuller account, the reader Is referred to Bulletin No. 37, Experimental Farms Series, recently written by Mr. W. T. Macoun, Horticulturist, C.E.F. 150 EXPERIMEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 includes the protection of the tree roots during the winter months. It may also be I'ointed out that the growth of the clover during the late summer and autumn is expected to utilize soil moisture (that would otherwise serve to keep the trees growing and thus prevent wood duly ripening before winter), and serve to retain the nitrates which might otherwise be lost. The present investigation was undertaken to obtain data upon one of these features only, viz., relation of cover crop and cultivation to soil moisture. Two areas in the farm orchard were selected and arc denoted in the table of results as A and B. The soil on both is light, sandy loam, rather deficient in humus. Particulars as to dates of sowing, ploughing under of the clover, &c., may be briefly stated as follows : — * A.* In cherry orchard. Clover was sown May 16, 1900, on the plot designated ' Under Crop,' and allowed to remain during the season of 1901.* The plot ' Cultivated ' was planted in 1900 with pease and other vegetables, and in 1901 with vegetables and strawberries. It was constantly cultivated and kept free from weeds throughout both seasons. Fc,r two successive seasons, therefore, the one plot has been in clover, while the other has been kept cultivated. * B.' In plum orchard. Clover was sown over the whole of this plot on April 28, 1900. On the portion designated ' Cultivated ' it was ploughed under April 18, 1901, and the soil cultivated from time to time throughout the season. The samples of soil, taken every two weeks from May 6 to October 21, 1901, in- clusive, were obtained by means of special canisters which sec\ired the soil to a depth of 11 inches. The percentages of moisture and the calculated amounts of water per acre (see table) therefore, represent to that depth the condition of the soil in regard to water-content. The rainfall statistics have been given, the figures indicating tlie precipitation during the period between the taking of each set of samples. For practical purposes, an inch of rain means 100 tons of water per acre. Amount of water, per acre, in soil to a depth of 14 inches (a) Under crop and (6) Cultivated. Estimations made every two weeks from May 6 to October 21, 1901. A. B. Collection of Sample. Rain- Under Crop. Cultivated. Under Crop. Cultivated. fall. Water Water Water Water Mois- per acre Mois- per acre Mois- per acre Mois- per acre ture. (cal- culated). ture. (cal- culated). ture. (cal- culated). ture. (cal- culated). Inch. p. c. Tons. Lbs. p.C. Tons. Lbs. p.C Tons. Lbs. p.C Tons. Lbs. Mav 6.. 1 33 r G 14 130 505 11 .55 200 131 9 57 198 520 9-93 200 1,088 .- 20. . 2 74 12'48 283 1,983 15 03 352 500 15 22 330 472 13-58 294 563 June 3. . 2 13 10-99 245 1,798 14 50 337 1,508 14 09 .307 347 14-Ot 321 439 .. 17.. 1 31 7-29 151 419 13 ,32 306 88 8 04 177 244 9-30 192 189 July 2. . 1 73 4 32 89 1,842 8 84 193 257 8 28 108 1,000 10-70 225 1,040 .. 15.. 1 2f) 0 17 130 1,817 9 89 216 374 4 74 93 380 7 99 102 1,291 .. 29.. 1 .37 9-29 203 1,934 14 03 325 39 10 19 212 1,007 15 08 332 1,176 Aug. 12.. 4 17 1303 314 558 13 83 319 1,285 13 .58 2:)4 014 15-00 346 329 -, 20.. 0 29 e-fis 142 1,121 8 07 189 14 12 45 206 070 11-08 233 1,876 Sept. 10. . 0 r>-?. 4-93 103 543 9 73 214 229 4 96 97 1,498 7-90 101 1,903 „ 23.. 1 08 9-75 214 1,207 11 07 247 1,712 10 57 221 728 12-67 271 1,449 Oct. 7.. 1 93 10 54 234 1,288 12 69 289 932 10 07 223 1,417 16 01 IW 18 „ 21.. 0-67 11-70 204 1,715 12-77 200 1,853 13-32 287 1,024 14-99 330 519 ♦The crop was not ploughed under in possess an abundance of moisture and the was chiefly sought. spring of 1901, as the soil was considered to enrichment of the soil with humus and nitrogen REPORT OF TBE CHEMIST 151 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 ^ Plot * A.' Though during the 24 weeks of the investigation the moisture content is seen to fluctuate considerably, it is invariably greater in the * cultivated soil.' This is strictly in accord with theory, based on experimental data. The soil in crop loses more moisture by capillarity than that cultivated, and also parts with a considerable amount by transpiration through the leaves of the clover. The greatest diiferences, especially during the earlier months, are observable when the precipitation is least. Thus, on May 6, the total rainfall to date was only 1-33 inches, and the excess of moisture in favour of the ' cultivated ' land was practically 130 tons per acre. At this time there was a vigorous growth of the clover, and much moisture was consequently being withdrawn from the soil for its development. This teaches an important lesson, as it is from May 1 to the middle of July that we wish par- ticularly the trees to be supplied with all the moisture necessary for their growth. The value of cultivation during this period, if the season is dry, will be proportionally much greater than if there is a fair rainfall. The season of 1901 during its earlier weeks shows a fairly well distributed precipitation, but nevertheless, the data fully confirm this conclusion. Rainfall. ^^ (another sample). II It special culture . . II II II (another sample). Half Sugar Rosy Mangel ( Vilmorin) Half Sugar White Mangel (Vilmorin) Vilinorin's Im|jroved Sugar Beet Dani.^h Red Top Sugar Beet Danish Improved n Red Top Sugar u Ro3'al Giant « Klein Wanzleben i. Improved Imperial n 1)0-59 !IO-37 90-90 89-78 90-51 81-47 83 16 80-61 81-50 Dry Matter. 9-41 9 63 9 10 10-22 9-49 18-53 16-84 19 39 18-50 Sugar Average in Weight of Juice, one Root. 4-15 502 4-80 4 63 4 40 11-87 11-49 11-28 12-GO 7 -38 6-47 14 OS 10 54 15-47 8-89 7-8S 14-91 9-80 Lbs. Oz. 9 7 3 9 3 1 6 11 7 4 5 10 12 9 15 15 6 0 Mangels. It will be evident on comparing the present results with those recorded last year that the composition of any particular variety is by no means constant. The factors that control this susceptibility to change are possibly three: the seed, the soil, and the season. The size of the root, however, has also been shown to be a matter of import- ance— the larger roots being usually found to contain somewhat the less dry matter, and, therefore, comi)ared weight for weight with smaller roots of the same variety, to be of less feeding value. As the roots this year selected for analysis were slightly smaller than those of last season, this cause cannot be advanced to explain tlie lower Ijcreentages of dry matter which is observable in many of the examples. The results of the three varieties of mangels — Gate Post, Golden Fleshed Tankard, and Giant Yellow Globe — gave an average last year of 9 -86 per cent dry matter, and 4-52 per cent of sugar in juice; this season we obtained 9 "04 per cent and 4-65 per cent respectively, for these constituents. Taking the average data of a class of roots, there- fore, the variations are not large, though there may be considerable difl'crences between the roots of any one variety, from year to year. Sugar Beets. The 'Danish Improved' was the sugar beet grown both seasons under 'ordinary' and ' special ' culture in the field to ascertain the eft'ect of earthing upon the relative feeding value. Our results for the dry matter and sugar are: — 1900. Ordin.ai-y culture. Special culture. . . Dry ]\ratter. 20-35 21-49 1901. Sugar in .Juice. 12 6S 12 94 IG— 11 162 EXPERIMEyTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Witli regard to this variety, we have observed that of all the sugar beets grown during the past two seasons on the Central Farm it showed the least tendency to grow above the surface of the soil, and consequently required least earthing up. Indeed, very little difference could be detected between the roots earthed up and those grown under ordinary field culture, and the analytical data confirm tliis observation. For this reason we are of the opinion that it would be a desirable variety to grow where the crop is intended for feeding purposes. Sugar beets Nos. 12 to 18, inclusive, did not receive special culture, being simply grown in test plots to obtain the yields per acre. We notice that the Danish Improved stands highest in sugar content, corroborating the statement just made regarding this variety. The Klein ^A^anzleben and Yilmorin's Improved stand next in order of merit. No doubt, under special culture for factory purposes, the majority of these varieties would have shown a much higher percentage of sugar, but the present results are of interest in showing their relative merit in sugar production when treated as ordinary field roots. Mangels with a high sugar percentage. "We would call special attention to the two mangels, Half Sugar Kosy and Half Sugar White (Nos. 10 and 11), from seed produced and kindly furnished by Messrs. Yilmorin, of Paris, France. The sugar content is remarkably high for man- gels, clearly indicating their importance for feeding purposes. We have in them an excellent example of the scope and value of special breeding and selection with a defi- nite end in view, the Messrs. Vilmorin having for some years been engaged in develop- ing a mangel with a high sugar percentage. Sl'gar content in lower and upper parts of roots. To furnish experimental proof of the statement regarding mangels that has sev- eral times been made respecting sugar beets, viz., that the part of the root beneath the soil contains more sugar, and hence has a higher feeding value than the portion above ground, we made an analysis of six roots each of Gate Post and Giant Yellow Globe mangels, estimating the sugar in the upper and lower parts of the roots. The following statement gives our results : — Variety of ^langel. Percentage of Suffar. Giant Yellow Globe Mangel— part below ground . „ It ijart above ground . Gate Post ^Mangel— part below ground ,1 part above ground 508 4-54 475 412 A consideration of the fact that sugar is the chief constituent of value in roots might lead us to infer, in the light of this experiment, that a system of culture which tends to keep the roots fairly well earthed up is one that will result in the most nutri- tious crop. Further, those varieties which naturally tend to grow beneath the soil, providing they furnish an adequate yield per acre, will be the most profitable to grow. r.EPORT OF THE CHEMIST 163 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 ON THE CHANGES IX THE C0:N[P0SITI0N OF ROOTS DURING STORAGE. There is an impression among many stock feeders of experience that the feeding qualities of ordinary farm roots improve with storage. This opinion, however, is not generally held, and it was, therefore, to obtain fui'ther information regarding possible changes in the composition of roots during storage in a root cellar, that analyses were made from time to time (from October, 1900, to March, 1901) of several varieties from the crop of 1900. The roots examined included three varieties of mangels, two of car- rots, and one each of turnips and sugar beets. About two bushels of each variety were selected — roots of t\i3ical size and shape only being taken — and placed in bags which were throughout the investigation kept buried in a large heap of roots in the cellar. By this means the conditions of storage obtained were similar in all respects to those ordinarily prevailing in good root cellars. On March 15, the last date of analysis, the roots remaining were all sound and in good condition. The sample for analysis in each instance consisted of six roots. Before discussing the results of the present investigation, however, it may be pro- fitable to consider certain facts regarding this problem that have been recently brought to light by the researches of other investigators. In 1898, Wood showed the nitrates present in the juice of the mangels, as pulled, decreased in amount to the extent, ap- proximately, of one-half by January 15. ' These nitrates, he states, ' are liable to cause derangement in digestion; by January these nitrates have been changed into amides which have some feeding value and are quite harmless.'* The probability is that under systems of manuring as practised in Canada, nitrate of soda or sulphate of ammonia not being extensively used, the proportion of nitrogen in the freshly pulled root present in the form of nitrates is not so large as that in roots from highly ferti- lized fields, as in England, Nevertheless, this discovery is an important one as show- ing the trend of change in certain of the nitrogenous compounds of roots. In an exceedingly able and exhaustive paper on this subject. Dr. A. H. J. Miller,f after quoting results obtained by the late Dr. Voelcker, to the effect that stored roots undergo considerable change, chiefly by loss of sugar and allied bodies, and possibly also of nitrogenous compounds, due to a process of slow combustion, gives in detail the data of an interesting series of experiments conducted by himself on mangels grown with and without nitrate of soda at Rothamsted. After tabulating the results from mangels receiving no nitrate. Dr. Miller concludes : ' No essential change (except in total weight, evidently due to loss of water) took place up to the end of March. During the next three months (i.e., till the end of June), hov/ever, there was a considerable loss of dry matter, much of which was due to destruction of sugar, whilst about half the cane sugar was inverted.' By June 20, about 11 per cent of the total sugar originally present had disappeared, but the loss in non-nitrogenous matter other than sugar exceeded this amount. The examination of mangels that in addition to other manure had received 550 pounds of nitrate of soda per acre showed ' a regular decrease both of dry matter and of sugar. Even by the end of March the loss of sugar was considerable, and a good deal inverted.' After discussing the probable loss in sugar per acre of roots by storage until the end of June, he says: 'Taking into account the variety of conditions which presumably affect the changes undergone by stored roots, any conclusions drawn from the results can only be given with some reserve. It seems, however, very probable that a consider- able loss of the most important constituent, sugar, and of other constituents, does fre- qviently take place. That nitrate of soda increased the loss of sugar, if not of other constituents, seems to be highly probable, since the two lots of roots Avere kept together ♦Changes in Mangels during storage, T. B. Wood, Journal R.A.S.E., 3rd series. Vol. IX., part III. tExperiments at Rothamsted on the changes in the composition of mangels during storage, A. H. Miller, Journal R.A.S.E., 3rd series. Vol. XL, part I. 16— Hi 164 EXPERIMEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 under exactly the ?ame ooi-ditions.' He further adds : ' Increased digestibility after a lengthened period is conceivable, and might be due to a partial breaking down of the crude fibre,' but ' in view of, however, the small amount of crude fibre in roots, a change of this kind would seem to be of doubtful value, and any gain in digestibility, if it takes place, may be a good deal more than counterbalanced by the losses to which we have called attention.' The practical suggestions for the Canadian farmer that seemed to be called forth by this important work are that the temperature of the root cellar should be kept as cold as possible — but not reaching the freezing point — and that the cellar should have good ventilation. Under such conditions the process of slow combustion that causes the loss of sugar will be retarded. Our own investigation had for its chief object the tracing of the albuminoids during storage, it being thought that as spring approached these would be converted into amides or other nitrogenous compounds of less feeding value. Dry Matter in Roots during Storage. — In table I. the percentages of water and dry matter for the several roots are given as determined when the roots were freshly pulled (October), in January and in March of the following year. The most obvious and remarkable feature of these data is their uniformity for each variety of root, show- ing, as they do, that throughout the period of storage the ratio of dry matter to water- content remained practically the same. Such differences as do occur are not greater than would have been obtained from the examination of individual roots. There had evidently been no ' drying out ' of the roots. While it is impossible to state absolutely from these results that until March 15 there had been no loss in total weight, we may fairly infer that such loss, if any, can not have been large. It is satisfactory, therefore, to note that the conditions of storage were in such a large measure conducive to the preservation of the roots. If we were to estimate feeding value simply by percentage of dry matter, then, weight for weight, the roots in March are as nutritious as they were in the October previous. Nitrogen in Dry Matter. — Determinations of the total, albuminoid and non-albu- minoid nitrogen were made on the roots in October, January and March, and the re- sults calculated upon the dry matter. These are presented in table II. Total Nitrogen. — In five of the seven instances cited, the nitrogen is slightly higher in March than in October. This is evidently due to the destruction by slow combus- tion of a small amount of the non-nitrogenous organic matter, which would necessarily leave the dry matter rather richer in nitrogen. This, as we shall see later on from our results, does not mean necessarily that the dry matter is more nutritious in the roots stored until March. With two of the varieties there had been a small loss in total nitrogen. This may have resulted from differences in the individual roots examined, or to a direct loss of nitrogen by fermentative changes. REPORT OF TEE CHEMIST 165 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 'V U CV Cl IM 1 > ■ ^■i - -r o 1 £t p, rt _ c ^ 1—1 & « sM <5 j M U r; ce r-l CO OS 1 o O O Ci 1 i^ c8 00 O CO 1 l~ t- t-. 1 Q !^ ) o b- lO C5 td. l~ —. o b b 1^ P-l c 1-1 rH i-l 1 <: ;- CO >0 1-1 1 C CI CO Ci 1 c c • i^ C5 C3 CO i t* 00 CC CO 1 Q s«i ^ ■^ O lO to Tji O 1^ b b ^ c ■£ k. CO o o 1 eS c^ CD CO O CO 1 '§B cS 0 5 35 O 1 00 00 CO 1 P- C to ^ CO « >>o •■. a- C-J 00 o nTank [angel. 0^ O 00 « <1 - u »r3 o -*< 1 ^1^ . rH C. 'o ^ C5 iH O 1 0) C5 O 1 1-' 1'^ c cc to to 1-1 to ij' 00 o. b ■ "S ® . 00 •ua2oJ3i2s[ pnox v. iH Giant Yellow Globe Mangel. •ua8oa}i«y[ pi(jniuinq[Y-"osj V- rH •uaSo.ni>sj piouiuiiiqiY ^_ cc to ■uaSo.m.^ F^oj, a; bo C C3 1 Ph ts O uagoj:)! s^ pioinimiq[Y-U()X o ■^ ■^ to •iiagojiisj piouiuiuqiY i" •uaSojiiN^T pi:)oj^ t> c^ c rH C Q c J .2 c > u c 1— 166 EXPEIilMEyTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 The Alhumiiioid and Xon-alhiiminoid Nitrogen. — The percentage of albuminoid nitrogen (which, as we have said, has the greater feeding value) appears to remain fairly constant in the dry matter throughout the period of storage, though in the case of two of the roots. Giant Yellow Globe mangel, and Improved Short White carrot, there had been a notable decrease, due probably, in part at least, to the breaking down of the albuminoids. Since, as we have seen, the percentage of total nitrogen (calcu- lated on the dry matter) in the majority of the examples increased somewhat during storage, it necessarily follows that the percentage of non-albuminoid nitrogen has slightly increased. This is the case in each class of roots, as will be observed by re- ference to table II. It is perhaps the most noticeable fact brought out by this investi- gation. Table III. — Eatio of Albuminoid to' iSTon-albuminoid Nitrogen in Roots. Date of Examination. Gate Post Mangel. October 27 January 15. Marcli 15 . . . 1:0-56 1:0 74 1:0-85 Giant Yellow Globe Mangel, Golden Tankard Mangel. Improved Short White Carrot. Guerande or Ox Heart Carrot. 1:1-04 1:1-54 1:1-68 1:0-52 1:0-96 1:1 38 1:0-55 1:0-63 1:0 95 1:0 08 1:1-16 1:1 -09 Champion Purple Top Turnip. 1:0-38 1:0 89 1:0 83 Danish Improved Sugar Beet. 1:0-98 1:1-27 1:1 11 The non-albuminoid nitrogen includes that present in amides and other com- pounds of inferior feeding value. We may, therefore, assume that provided the percent- age of total nitrogen in the dry matter does not decrease, then the feeding properties of that dry matter, as far as nitrogenous compounds are concerned, will depend upon the relative proportion of the albuminoid to the non-albuminoid nitrogen. In table III. v?e have given this ratio (calculated from the data of table II.), which, it will be observed, in all the roots save the sugar beets increases markedly during the storage period. From the foregoing statements and data we may infer (1) that nitrates, resulting more particularly from high manuring with soluble nitrogenous fertilizers, and which are more or less injurious to the animal, tend to disappear on storage of the roots; (2) that there is a tendency to fermentative changes during storage that lead chiefly to the destruction of the sugar — the most important nutrient of roots. This deterioration may no doubt in a large measure be controlled by low temperature and good ventila- tion ; under such conditions, we imagine the loss does not assume in our winter cli- mate any grave proportions. It would no doubt be found to increase markedly after March. Further, (3), that the non-albuminoid nitrogenous componds increase, as a rule, with storage and especially so during the spring months. It is possible, as pointed out by Miller, that the digestibility of the roots may slightly increase with storage — but this at best can only be a small gain — and, there- fore, apart from the question of nitrates, there is no considerable improvement in the quality of roots by storage, as thought by some, but rather a tendency to loss, as evidenced by destruction of the sugar and the formation of non-albuminoid compounds. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 liEPORT OF THE CUEMIiiT Sltgar Beets. 167 The sugar beets examined and here reported upon comprise samples from Strath- cona, N.W.T., Winnipeg, Man., and Prince Edward Island. North-west Territories. — Strathcona, Alta. These samples were forwarded by Mr. Nelson D. Mills, Strathcona, who in send- ing the particulars of growth (October 1) writes : ' These beets were sown very late, aad came through two hailstorms of unusual severity. In addition to this there have been severe white frosts during the last two weeks, so that if they show a proper per- centage of sugar, then no weather that Alberta has in store can interfere with beet raising. I may add that none of the beets had special attention as to tillage, such as deep ploughing and cultivating to kill weeds, &e.' The particulars of growth as furnished by Mr. Mills are given in table I. ; the ana- lytical data in table II. Table I.— Sugar Beets— Strathcona, N.W.T., 1901. c Name. Address. Variety of Beets. Dates. Distance between 1 Sowing . Pulling. Rows. Plants in Rows. 1 2 3 William Place. Thos. Rooney. James Pithie. . S.W. i Sec. ll.Tp. m R. 24, 4 miles from Strathcona 2 miles south of Strathcona Salisbury, Alta Klein Wanzleben June 15. May 22. May 29. Sept. 30. Oct. 1,. Oct. 2.. Inch. 24 24 30 Inch. 8 6 10 Black loam, clay subsoil. Black loam, un- man ured. Sandy loam, un- manured. Table II.— Analysis of Sugar Beets from Strathcona, N.W.T., 1901. Variety. Percentage of Sugar in Juice. Percentage of Solids in Juice. Co-efficient of Purity. Average Weight of one Root. 1 2 3 Klein Wanzleben 1.501 12 '84 14 02 17-95 16-20 17-20 84-73 79-26 81-51 Lbs. Oz. 1 1 1 2 13 Both as regards sugar-content and degree of purity, our data are indicative of excellent quality, and these beets would be considered as quite satisfactory for sugar extraction. In our report for 1900 we gave the analytical data from two samples of sugar beets grown in the Lethbridge district. These also indicated that beets wuth good sugar-content could be grown in Alberta, and it would, therefore, seem advisable, if sugar manufacture is seriously contemplated, to make a more complete test, growing the beets from the best seed, on larger areas and with strict attention to proper culture. I'he number of samples hitherto examined is too small for safe deductions as to the general suitability of Alberta for beet sugar production, but certainly the results so far obtained are of a promising character. 168 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 o o c3 c3 m tc DQ n < s s -' " r: — ' -^ =5 ^ - t J ^ ."tf - """ *"" ^ '^ ee 5: rt «« 5 g s p — — _— ^_^-*=5 a- 0 o-s 0 s '~ ~ t^ 0 K 1 1 ■^--•■i 'Hi'° I > > — — 'V* "-1 V•^ tr^ ^ — z _ 1 : 1 &2 S.WOJl =: X X X X X X X X 11 Tl UI S}U'B[J Cd H- tt K g ,_- ._. -^ -^ -^ -^ iT -^ Tf •* ? ■SAVOJJ r- r-( 1' X X S s; c: x x' a 0" rt r-I ?; Suii[uj; "" •■T-l I-H 1-1 1 a -o V V 0 u -J 0 -^^ -J) 0 V -Ji -J Z" x CCOOCOOCCCCCCOX E- •S JIUUPU f -r c: =-. X X ri ?i 'T T ji w r". {^ : >;.>;. >:.>^ ' ^ >. >-. >. >, >. >■. >■. >.>-.: 1 . ,.^ ,_ : -^ -TT -= — ■:: -^ -= • ^ '^ ^ -:•-:■-: ^ -t -: ^-t -:'-: -^ -: • I— ' 1-^ X x' d s; T-! r-: :^' r: •^' t>I r^' r--' -4 Sni.ttog "s • ■'C'C -■ • ■i.'t " ■ - = c :z '. - - o >— 1 . •h- r- ^ 'T -J t— ^■ ^^ ^ « - -T «r c 2.^_5'i. — -'Z.~r^'-~-2. >> 1— >; g ~" >" ^ ^'~ S~— '^ S "~ .-"^ ^t "* '^ /'^ 12 ? '"^ -* — ■-" Z* ^.^ 1- •I^?:-e-e^^|::s^J^?:e > >[22>>55>i22;z55> 0 K C 2 u -~ 1? = •. 1 ^ J 1 1 5 1 jj ^ ^ c ■ • Z ^ c - c ) -f 1 e t C "^ :■£ T If 5 S y -3 C C^ > ;,^ .- ry: =- •Hr©:- » -^ ^ G a -? ^ij 2 -■ auq UO -ox CI r: -t iT - I-- X C ~ ^ ^ ^ ^ rH 1 REPORT OF THE CHEMIST 169 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Manifoha. — At the request of the Department of A.arieulture fur tlie province, a further exaniiiiatiou of sugar beets grown in the Ked Eiver valley in the vicinity of Winnipeg, has been made. The beets were received in excellent condition. Mr. Hugh McKellar, Chief Clerk, Department of Agriculture, Winnipeg, in furnishing the cul- tural data says : ' In a general way, the season was not considered favourable, there being too much rain.' In the foregoing tabular statement are given the varieties of seed used, the names of the growers, and other information respecting the beets, as furnished by Mr. McKellar. The data for sugar-content and purity indicate, we regret to say, in by far the larger number of instances, beets too poor for profitable manufacture. The appearance of the beets in several of the samples showed that the roots had not been kept earthed up. This fact, no doubt, accounts in part for the low results, and a further cause may be found in the unfavourable v>-eather of the past year. Table IV. — Analysis of Sugar Beets from Manitoba, 1901, No. 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Variety, Percentage of Sugar in Juice Vilnioriii's Improved Klein Wanzleben Vilmoiin's Improved Klein Wanzleben Improved Vilmorin's TmjH-oved . Klein Wanzleben Improved New Danihh Improved Klein Wanzleben Improved Vilmorin's Improved 10 03 9-52 10 70 9-67 11-29 10-88 9-83 7-85 1308 1115 10-29 8-G5 9-76 7 53 2 3(J Percentage of Solids in Juice. 15 27 14-64 15-01 14 24 15-51 15-91 15-34 12-50 16-59 14-88 14-4G 12-26 14-50 11 16 619 Co-efficient of Purity. 65-G8 65 02 71-28 67-90 72-79 68-38 64 08 62-80 78-84 74-93 76 00 70-55 67 03 67-47 3812 Average Weight of one Root. Lbs. Oz. 12 8 9 1 13 12 10 15 5 6 3 2 0 10 3 Though the results, both this j'ear and last, are far from encouraging and certainly give but little promise of successful beet culture in the Red River valley, it is possible that the exceptional character of the season and neglect of special culture may in a large measure be answerable for the low averages obtained. Sample 15, in our opinion, is not a sugar beet. In appearance it resembles the Golden Tankard, or possibly the Giant Yellow Globe mangel, and its sugar content con- forms closely to that of these roots. Prince Edward Island. — In the report of this Division for 1900 will be found the analyses of six samples of sugar beets grown in this province. This year we present data of seven samples forwarded bj- Mr. Callaghan, of Charlottetown, respecting which we are informed the seed was sown between May 15 and June 1, and the roots pulled between October 15 and 20. 170 EXI'Eh'IMEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWAHD VII., A. 1902 Table V. — Analysis of Sugar Beets from Prince Edward Island, 1901 No. Variety. Locality. Percentage of Sugar in Juice. Percentage of Solids in Juice. Co-efficient of Purity. Average Weight of one Root. 1 9 03 13-98 12-54 10-87 11-51 11 -02 11-9G 13 63 18-69 17 09 15-59 16 29 16 49 17 13 66-25 74-79 73-37 69-72 70-65 70 47 09-81 Lbs. Oz. 5 6 ? Ellerslie. Prince Co West River, Queen's Co. . . Alberton, Prince Co Charlottctown Royalty.. . . Freeland, Prince Co Kensington, Prince Co. . . . 2 3 4 3 13 2 7 2 8 (\ 2 6 7 2 8 These results are not so favourable as those of 1900, due very largely, we think, to improper or rather neglectful culture. The roots had not for the most part been * earthed ' and, as will be seen from the last column of the table, exceed the average weight necessary for a profitable sugar-content. THE YIELD OF CLOVER AND ALFALFA FROM TWO AND FOUR CUTTINGS RESPECTIVELY. The question of the relative value of the yield obtained from two cuttings as against that from four cuttings during the season has arisen in connection with the growth of clover and alfalfa. It was in order to gain some knowledge regarding this matter which might prove useful to those employing these plants, both as ' cover ' crops and for ' soiling,' that the following investigation was made during the past sea- son. CLOVER. A plot, one-twentieth acre, of common red clover in its second year of growth was selected. The clover had been sown in 1900 with grain. The plot was divided diagon- ally in order to insure greater uniformity, the north side being reserved for the four cuttings and the south side for the two cuttings. The intention was to cut the north side when about to flower, but showing no bloom, and the south side when it was con- sidered in the right condition for cutting for hay. North Side — Four Cuttings. — The first cutting was made on June 4, 1901, the average height of the clover being 25 inches and the plants about to flower — only two blooms being observed in the whole plot. After the plot had been carefully cut the crop was collected, weighed, and taken to the laboratory for analysis. The weights of fresh material, of the dry matter and crude protein, calculated per aero, are stated in table I. The second cutting was taken on July 15, which was probably four or five days later than the time intended, as the crop was then found to be in full bloom. The average height was 22 inches. The third cutting, August 15, showed that in the past month the clover had made an average growth of 8 inches. Many of the plants were in bloom. The fourth cutting, September 18, indicated a sparse growth — in weight approx- imately one-half of the third cutting, though the average height of the plants was greater, viz., 13 inches. About one-tenth of the plants were in bloom. L'KI'Oh'T OF THE ClJIJUfSr 171 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 South Side — 2'wo Cuiltnfjs. — This half of the plot was in full bloom at the time of the first cutting, June 20, the average height of the plants being 30 inches. The second cutting was made just one month later, July 20, the clover being again in full bloom, but with some heads withered. The condition of the crop was considered excellent for hay making. Comparative Yields from Two and Four Cuttings. The yields from the north side and south side and their food value may now be compared : — • Clover. North side (four cuttings) . South side (two cuttings). . Weight of Crop per acre. Lbs. S,9G5 G,000 Weight of Dry Matter per acre. Lb3. 1,703 1,445 Weight of Crude Protein per acre. Lbs. 333 234 From thesQ data, it will be observed, there was obtained for the extra labour ex- pended in two additional cuttings 258 pounds more dry matter per acre, which con- tained 104 pounds more crude protein than in the yield from two cuttings. We are of the opinion from a consideration of the whole experiment that the difference in yield between the two methods (though most probably always in favour of the more frequent cutting) will depend to a large degree on the stage of growth when the cut- tings are made, and the time and amount of rain-fall throughout the season. With regard to the former, it is no doubt true that if the plant once forms its seed there will not be the subsequent eifort to vegetative growth that there woidd be if the cutting were made previous to that period; and respecting the latter point, we know that clover being a moisture-loving plant a period of drought after cutting will greatly retard its future growth. The results of this investigation can scarcely be interpreted as justifying the prac- tice of four cuttings when the crop is to be made into hay, for we think that the extra weight and value obtained would be more than offset by the additional labour involved and the increased difficulty encountered in the drying and curing of the clover, which would contain practically about 5 per cent more moisture than if allowed to come to the period at which it is usually cut for hay. On the other hand, when the crop is in- tended to enrich the soil or for 'soiling' purposes the data may be taken to indicate that the more frequent cutting of the clover will prove the more advantageous, as yield- ing the greater amoimt of material that can be used either as a fertilizer or for feed- ing in the fresh condition. Weights and Composition of Dry Matter in Crops of Various Cuttino-s. South Side. Two Cuttings. — Compared, weight for weight, the crop of the second cutting (July 20) of the south side is worth more than that of the first cutting (June 20), from the fact that it is richer in dry matter and albuminoids. Thus we have the following data for one ton of each cutting : — 172 EXPERIMEyiAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Clover (Two Cuttings), Dry Matter and Albuminoids per ton in fresh Material. South ?ide. Drv Matter, Albuminoids, Per Ton. Per Ton. First cnttiug. June 20, in full bl-iom . . Second cuttinfc, July 2'', in full bloom ; some heads withered . The dry matter as regards the relative proportion of albuminoid and non-albumi- noid compounds is somewhat more valuable at the time of the second cutting, as is evident from the subjoined data : — Clover (Two Cuttings), percentages of Albuminoids and Xon-albuminoids in Dry Matter. South Side. Albuminoids. Non- Albuminoids. First cuttinsr, June 20. in full bloom Second cutting, July 20, in full bloom ; .%onie heads withered 12-9 15-7 2-7 2 5 Xorth Side, Four CaHings. — Pursuing the same examination as for the south eide, and first, comparing the weights of dry matter and albuminoids per ton in the crops of the four cuttings, we obtain the following interesting figures : — Clover (Four Cuttings), Dry Matter and Albuminoids per ton in fresh Material. N'jrth 3:d3. Dry Matter, Per Ton. Albuminoids, Per Ton. First cutting. .June 4. about U\ flower Lbs. 346 464 383 498 Lbs. 50 Second cutting, July 15, in full bloom '. Third cutting, August 1.5, about one-third in bloom Fourth cutting, September 18, about one-tenth in bloom. 67 66 83 As with the crop from the south side, the trend of the results shows an improve- ment in quality of the fresh material, both in dry matter and true albuminoids as the season advances. One ton of the fresh material from the fourth cutting has the feed- ing equivalent of 1^ to 1| tons of that from the first cutting. The distribution of the nitrogenous compounds in the various cuttings is made evident by the following tabular statement: — Clover (Four cuttings), percentages of Albuminoids and Xon-albuminoids in Drv Matter. Clover. Albuminoids. Non- Albuminoids. First e\itting, Jime 4, about to flower Second cutting. .1 uly 15, in full bloom 147 14 4 17 3 lG-7 5-8 5'5 Third cutting, August 15, about one-third in bloom. Fourth cutting, Sej.tember 18, aljoiit one-tenth in bloom 3 0 2 4 REPORT OF THE CHEMLST 173 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 The increase in the albuminoids and the decrease in the non-albuminoids clearly indicate the greater feeding value of the dry matter in the crop of the two last cut- tings. The similarity in composition, in respect to these compounds, of the dry matter of the first and second cuttings is marked, and the same feature is noticeable in the case of the third and fourth cuttings. After a consideration of the amount of dry matter, (hat of tlie true albuminoids is of first importance from the feeding standpoint. We, therefore, have conntructed the following tabular scheme to show the amounts of these flesh-forming constituents per acre as obtained from the data of the tv.-o plans of cutting, given in tables I. and II.: — • Clover — ALBUMixoios^Pounds par Acre. South Side (two cuttings). North Side (four cuttings). First cutting Secon.l 11 Third 143 53 156 64 20 Fourth II 13 Total 196 253 These corroborate the inference already made, that the greater amount of food constituents was produced by the clover that had been cut four times in the season. Table I. — Clover and Alfalfa Experiment, 1901. ^Yeight of Crop, Dry Matter and Protein, per Acre. Common Reo Clovkr. Alfalfa. South Side (two cuttings). North Side (four cuttings). South Side (two cuttings). North Side (four cuttings). Date of Cutting. 2 o "o 1 1 c ■J 2 ® t. o P. 2 Q "so 1 c ■J 2 Ph (B ■^ u 0 2 0 1 Q c 0 (^ 0 2 0 'S 0 'S 0 i^ Ph 'O 3 0 June 4 ,. 20 1, 21 Lbs. 5^400 Lbs. 1,107 Lbs. ■173 Lbs. 6,125 Lbs. 1,062 ' 440 Lbs. 217 ""82 Lbs. 6^400 ' 2^080 Lbs. ' 1^574 "'611 Lbs. 257 Lbs. 3,230 Lbs. 653 "eio Lbs. 131 July 15 1,920 1 0 94A "'92 ,1 20 Aug. 1 1,440 338 61 ""90 „ 15 600 "320 115 24 "'5S2 292 „ 19 2,780 1,440 117 74 Sept. 18 80 15 Total 6,900 1,445 234 8,965 1,703 338 8,480 2,185 353 9,090 2,137 414 174 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 I— I o O -< o I— ( M Alfalfa. •ii33o.i}i2<^ piouiui -nqiB-iiovj o • ■ I- • - m i-( QO • -CI • • .05 0 C< ■ • 1-H ■ • • ,-1 N •uf>Soj}i^ piou -iiuiiqiY O • • -^ • ' ' 00 00 20-20 27 21 20-95 20-28 1 •s.in:isioj\;; o • • Ci ■ • • iri ei 00 .1- • • O I- C5 • • ?! • ■ '• Ci Ci t~. ■ ■ i~ • . : t'- i^ South Side. (Two Cuttings.) pxouiiii -nqj^-uo^Nj ■ ■ y-i ■ ■ n ■ '■ o • • (^: • •UdSoaiivT piou* -intiiqjv i ; ^ i i i ; ; i Ajq ; ; 8 : : ?5 ; : : : : 5 ; : 3 : : ; •ajii-^sioi^r : : o ■ : b : . : o 1-3 Q O o O North Side. (Four Cuttings.) •uaaoj^i^ piouiiii -Uqili-UONJ P ;;?;■§; P •lI8So.HTNJ^ pion" -Ttunqjy t^ . ■ » • • « .00 o • ■ n • -co • ^ 'I' • • o O • CO 17-33 23-21 19 17 24-92 •oanisioj\[ t- • ■ c: • • c: • 00 '•p : : '.' : : * : 9 Cl ' i O • '• O • 1.-5 •u^;So.ni^\j piouuii -nqii!-uoNj ; ^ : : § : i i ; O ;;©;■; • ■u.^So.ijiv^ pioii" -uuiiqiY : 2 : : 2 : • ; : ^ . . o ■ •j8WBy\[ . 55 . . Tf . . ■ ■ '. is • • n '■ • ■ '■ ; IM ; ; Cl ; ; ■ ; •ain4«ioj\[ I- • -1:3 '■ i^ ■ . it ■ . . . i 6 1 Jvnie 4 „ 20 ,. 21 July 15 n 20 „ 15 ., 19 Sept. 18 REPORT OF THE CHEMIST 175 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 ALFALFA. The plot for this experiment was of the same size as that for the trial with clover, one-twentieth acre. Similarly, the north half was reserved for four cuttings, and the south side for two cuttings. North Side— Four Cuttings. — The first cutting took place on June 4. The plants had an average height of 30 inches, and from appearance, were about one week from blooming. Second cutting, July 15. Average height of plants 28 inches. About half the plants were in bloom. Third cutting was made on August 19, when the average height of the alfalfa was 20 inches. No bloom showing. The date of the fourth cutting was September IS. The average height of the crop was 20 inches, and none of the plants were in bloom. South Side — Two Cuttings. — First cutting was taken June 21. Average height of plants 39 inches. Second cutting, taken August 1. Average height 20 inches. About one-tenth of the plants in bloom. Comparative Yields from Two and Four Cuttings. The difference to be observed between the yields of fresh material per acre of the north and south sides, though still in favour of the former, is not so gi-eat as in the case of the clover. Further, though we notice a corresponding increase in the crude pro- tein of the north half, more ' dry matter ' by 50 pounds was obtained from the south half (two cuttings) of the plot. Alfalfa. Weight of Crop per acre. Weight of Weight of Dry Matter, Crude Protein per acre. I per acre. North side (four cuttings) South side (two cuttings) . Lbs. 0,690 8,480 Lbs. 414 By a reference to table II. the explanation of the larger amount of dry matter from the two cuttings (south side) will be apparent. In the first, third, and fourth cuttings (north side) the alfalfa is seen to possess 79 per cent of water, whereas the crop from the south side (cut twice) never contained more than 75 per cent water. The averages of moisture-content and dry matter are as follows : — Moisture. Dry Matter. North side (four cuttings) 77 '88 22*12 South side (two cuttings) 73-00 27-00 The more advanced stage of growth in the alfalfa of the south side plot when cut fully accounts for the smaller percentage of water. Weight and Composition of Dry Matter in Crops of Various Cuttings. South Side — Two Cuttings. — Compared, weight for weight, the crops of the first and second cuttings, as regards dry matter and albuminoids, give data as follows: — 176 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Alfalfa. — (Two Cuttings) — Dry Matter and Albuminoids per ton in fresli Material. Dry South s'de. Matter, per Ton. Albniiiin- oidsjperTon. Lbs. First cutting (Jnne 21) 492 Second cutting (Aug. 1) 588 Lbs. 49 63 As with the clover from the analogous plot, we have the greater feeding value per ton in the material from the second cutting. The relative proportion of albuminoids to non-albuminoids in the dry matter of these cuttings is, similarly, seen to be in accord with the results obtained from clover. Alfalfa. — (Two Cuttings) — Percentages of Albuminoids and Xon-albuminoids in Dry Matter. South side. - Albu- minoids. First cutting (June 21) . . Second cutting (Aug. Ij. ]00 10-7 Non -albu- minoids. 60 50 The dry matter of the second cutting is slightly more valuable than that of the first cutting. I^orth Side — Four Cuttings. — A comparison of the weight of dry matter and al- buminoids per ton of fresh material is set forth in the next table. Alfalfa. — (Four Cuttings)— Dry Matter and Albuminoids per ton in fresh Material. North side. First cutting (.June 4). . Seaind cutting (.July 15) Third cuttins: (Aug. 19) . Fourth cutting (Sept. 18) ,•■ , . ^^ ' Albumin- Matter, per ^jj .^Ton ion. I " Lbs. Lbs. 404 4G 544 60 419 60 405 70 The fact that the percentages of dry matter and albuminoids present are influenced by certain factors, principally the number of cuttings, the stage of growth, and season, is well brought out by the above figures. On the whole, the results are in accord witli those from the corresponding clover plot, showing that one ton of the fourth cutting is equal as regards albuminoids to 1* tons, approximately, of the first cutting. The composition of the dry matter as regards albuminoids and non-albuminoids has been ascertained. RliPORT OF THE CHEMIST 177 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Alfalfa. — (Four Cuttings) — Percentages of Albuminoids and Non-albuminoids in Dry Matter. First cutting (.Tune 4) Second cutting (Jnly 15 Third cutting? (Aug. 19) Fourth cutting (Sept. 18) The Alfalfa differs from the clover in that the non-albuminoids do not decline in the third and fourth cuttings. The percentage of the albuminoids, however, markedly increases in the latter cuttings, as was noticed in the case of the clover. We have seen that, weight for weight, the crops of the first, third and fourth cuttings contain prac- tically the same amount of dry matter, but since, as we have observed, this dry matter cf the August and September cuttings is richer in albuminoids, it follows that the crops of these later dates have the greater feeding value. In conclusion, we may place side by side the pounds per acre of albuminoids ob- tained from the two and four cuttings of the alfalfa, respectively. Alfalfa. — Albuminoids — Pounds per Acre. South side. Xorth side. First cutting Second cutting .... Tiiird cutting 156 66 74 74 83 Fourth cutting. 50 Total 222 281 It is somewhat remarkable that although we obtained a larger total yield, includ- ing a larger amount of dry matter, from the alfalfa than from the clover, the difference in albuminoids between that of the two cuttings and the four cuttings is the same, jtractically, for each crop. CLOVER AXD CLOVER ENSILAGE. The especial value of clover as a roughage lies in the fact that it contains, in common with other legumes, a large proportion of flesh-forming constituents (albu- minoids), thus allowing the use of a less weight of concentrated feed stuffs in the ration than when corn or hay forms the bulky jjart of tlae feed. Th(jugh some farmers have not met with success in siloing clover, the causes of failure are apparently known and may be removed. Woll, in his Booh of Silage says: * Clover does not pack as well as the heavy, juicy corn, and, therefore, requires more weighting, or more depth in the silo, in order to sufficiently exclude the air.' Further, it is possible that the condition of the clover when put into the silo has much to do with the quality of the resulting ensilage, and regarding this point we may say that the best practice indicates that clover should be in full bloom. If allowed to remain uncut until the flower heads have withered, the clover is api)arently too dry to make the best quality of ensilage. For the same reason the clover should not be allowed to wilt, but nt Ance put into the silo. 16—12 178 EJPEIiIMi:XTAL F.l/?.1/,S' 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Good clover ensilage lias succulency and palatability in its favour, besides pos- sessing, as we have said, a large proportion of the more valuable nutrients. Investi- gations, therefore, that seek to ascertain the best possible conditions of its preparation are worthy of our attention. Such investigations are being carried on by the Agricul- turist of the Central Experimental Farm, and it is in connection with them that the analytical data about to be given have been obtained. Mention has been made of the presence of a large percentage of nitrogenous com- pounds in clover, and it is in this fact that we find one difficulty in ensiling this crop. Kitrogenous substances are particularly susceptible to decomposition, especially in the presence of moisture and warmth. It was principally in order to trace the extent to which these substances had been altered by fermentation in the silo that analyses were made of the clover as put into the silo and of the ensilage taken from various parts of the silo some months later. There are and always will be certain losses in food value by ensiling, but these can be minimized to a large extent provided the clover is in the right condition and properly packed in the silo.'^ The fermentative changes that take place in the silo affect both the non-nitro- genous compounds (starch, sugar, &c.), and the nitrogenous bodies. The former, to an extent depending on the degree of fermentation, are converted principally into carbonic acid and water — elements of no food value — and the latter into amides, com- pounds of much less value than the albuminoids. Since fermentation is kept in check by the exclusion of air, the construction of the silo and the close packing of the fresh material are matters of the greatest importance. With this outline account of the changes that take place in the silo Ave may proceed to consider the composition of the clover with that of its resulting ensilage, as depicted in table I. Table I. — Analysis of Clover before and after Ensiling. Constituents. Moisture Dry matter Crude jirotein (nitrogen x 6 '25).. . Fat (ether e.xtract) Carl)ohydrates (starch, sugar, etc. ) Fibre Ash Nitrogenous comiX)undi^ Albuminoids Non-albuminoids Clover Clover .... Ensilage Ensilage as put in tne ^^^^ ^^^^^^ of'from bottom of Silo j Silo Feb. 4, 1901. April 11, 1901. 76-47 23-53 3-5<) •15 7 -9.3 9 71 21G 2-88 0-C8 208 0-88 The experimental round silo in which the clover was preserved has the following dimensions: Height, 22 feet; diameter, 9 feet. The clover was in full bloom at the date of cutting, August 31, 1000. The filling was made on three consecutive days, so that there would be but little difference in com- position of the clover throughout the silo. After the ensilage had settled it filled the silo to a height of 15 feet. * Woll, in summing up the evidence as to the relative lo.sses in curing and ensiling clover, says : Clover silage is suiierior to clover hay on account of its sucoulency and greater palatability, as well as its higher feeding value. The last mentioned ixjint is mainly due to the fact that all the parts of the clover plant are preserved in the silo, with a small unavoidable loss in fermentation, wliile in hay making, leaves and tedder part, which contain about two- thirds of the protein compounds, are easily lost by abrasion. UK PORT OF TITE CHEMIST 179 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 The first noticeable feature is the much smaller percentage of dry matter in the ensilage from the middle of the silo — the sample being taken in the centre, seven feet from the bottom — than in the clover or the ensilage from the floor of the silo. This points to a greater degree of fermentation and consequently greater loss of feeding elements in the centre than at the bottom of the silo. Weight for weight, this ensilage is not of an equal feeding value with clover. It is evident that the greater deteriora- tion in the centre and upper part of the silo is due to the larger amount of air present, and this fact points to the value of deep silos and the packing firmly of the material. The loss has taken place both in the crude protein and carbo-hydrates (starch, sugar, gums, &c.). The ci'ude protein consists of the albuminoids and non-albuminoid compounds (amides), and while there has been some loss in the total nitrogen, the breaking down of the former and formation of the latter explains chiefly the deteriora- tion. This has reference principally to the ensilage from the middle of the silo. The fat or ether extract has increased, but this is more apparent than real, for certain organic acids that are developed during the fermentation are unavoidably, by the process of analysis, determined with the fat. Table II. — Analysis of Clover before and after Ensiling. (Results on the water-fi'ee substance.) Constitiunts. Crude protein (nitrogen x G25) Fat (ether extract) Carbohydrates (starch, sugar, etc.) Fibre Ash Nitrogenous compounds — Albuminoids Non-albuminoids Clover Clover Clover as put in the Ensilage from Ensilage from Silo centre of Silo bottom of Silo Aug. ai, 1900. Feb. 4, 1901. April 11, 1901. 15 19 16 94 13 44 •64 1 01 ■95 .33-74 25-46 29-58 41-27 45-89 46 11 9 16 10-70 10 92 12-25 9-25 9-44 2-94 7-69 400 Table II. allows us to compare closely the composition of the dry matter of the three samples, and furnishes much interesting information. While the crude protein has increased, demonstrating that the greater loss has been in the carbo-hydrates, the data for which confirm this statement, it is plain from the figures at the bottom of the table that there has been a marked decrease of the albuminoid and an increase of the non-albuminoid nitrogenous compounds. This, means a falling off in feeding value. There has been an increase in the fibre, ash constituents and ether-extract the latter due to the development of organic acids. These results are in close accord with those of other investigators. It is however, probable they are more marked than if there had been a larger mass of en- silage. They certainly support the rules laid down for successfully ensiling clover, and indicate the desirability of large, deep silos, and of excluding air as far as possible by close packing of the material. By these means, fermentation will be largely con- trolled and excessive losses prevented. 16— 12J 180 EXPERIilEyiAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 CORX AXD CORN ENSILAGE. There are two methods of preserving corn for winter feeding in common use: hy curing in shocks or stooks, and by ensiling. Both methods inevitably lead to a certain degree of loss of fodder, due to the destruction by fermentation of a portion of the carbo-hydrates and protein compounds. Many and cai'eful experiments made and re- peated in the United States in order to compare the respective merits of the two plans, have shown that the lo^^ses by field curing (stooks), as a rule, exceed those in the silo. Under favourable conditions of engiling — that is, with a fairly mature corn, and a well constructed silo — the loss in food value by fermentation is probably less than 15 per cent, but in shocked corn the loss appears to be seldom less than 20 per eent."'^ It has been abundantly shown that the dry matter of stooked corn and corn ensil- age has practically an equal digestibility. We have, however, two important qualities more highly developed in ensilage than in stooked corn, viz., succulency and palatabil- ity, and this fact makes the former a much more desirable food, especially for dairy cows. On the score of labour and loss in feeding, it is generally held by practical men that ensiling is the much more economical plan. The object in the present investigation, as in the case of the clover just recited, was to ascertain the extent to which the feeding value of the corn had suffered by en- piling. The total loss that ensued is not deducible from our data, but the results obtained allow us to compare, weight for weight, the corn as put into the silo with the corre- sponding ensilage produced. Three samples of the corn as it was being put into the silo were taken on the 14th, 15th and 2Tth of September, 1900, respectively. They represented the quality of the corn, (1) at the bottom of the silo ; (2) 22 feet from the bottom of the silo, and (3) 28§ feet from the bottom, or li feet from the top of the silo. The silo is 17 feet in diameter and 30 feet high and was filled to the top. The weight of corn ensiled was, approx- imately, 150 tons. The samples of ensilage, which were intended should correspond with the fore- going, were collected on January 31, March 1, April 3, and April 6, 1901. The January sample, it was expected, would represent the corn at the top of the silo (Sep- tember 27); the March sample, that from the centre of the silo (September 15), and the two April samples, one from the bottom and the other 2i feet from the bottom of the silo, that as first put into the silo (September 14). The composition of the three samples of corn and four of ensilage is given in table I., the data of which allow us to compare the feeding values of the corn and cor- responding ensilage weight for weight, and furnish us with an insight into the changes that occurred during the ensiling process. In table II. these changes are made more apparent by calculating the nutrients upon the water-free substance. * Th' extent of the deterioration in shocked corn •will depend upon the condition of the corn ^^hen cut, the length of time it is left shocked iu the field and the character of the weather di^ring that period. REPORT OF THE CHEMIST SESSIONAL PAPER No 16 Table I. — Analysis of Corn before and after Ensiling. 181 Constituents. Water Dry matter Crude protein (nitrogen x G 25) Fat Carbohydrates Fibre Ash . . Nitrogenous compounds — Albuminoids or true pro- tein Non-albuminoids (amides, :2 5 c- ^ c ■ 81-83 18 17 163 0 10 972 549 1 23 1-25 0 38 81-98 18-02 111 010 9 33 G-37 1 11 0 06 0-45 cS 7^ H« o +J JO CO .S.2 So' ^ P- £1 K a, i' t O^ S O - 70 71 23-29 1-70 0-26 12-96 806 1-31 0-85 0 85 83-43 16-57 1 63 0 08 8 65 4-88 1 33 132 0-31 ^ S ^ c c S I -^ 77-41 22-59 209 0-17 11 08 7-82 1-43 0-84 1-25 c o;^'!- 80-67 19-33 1-88 0 06 10 07 5 83 1 49 1-56 0 32 Oj 1-1 cS ccc r'^- -^ -^ 84-95 15 05 1 10 0-15 6 68 5 63 1-43 0 77 0-39 The more important facts to be noted in connection with the percentages of dry matter are observable from the following tabular summary: — Bottom of Silo^ Dry Matter Per cent. Corn 18-17 Ensilage, floor of silo 18-02 Ensilage, 2J feet from bottom 23-29 Middle of Silo- Corn 16 :57 Ensilage, 11 feet from bottom 22-59 Top of Silo- Corn 19-33 Ensilage, 2 feet from top of silo 15 -05 In the corn, the dry matter varied from 16-57 per cent to 19-33 per cent; iu the ensilage, from 15 per cent to 23 per cent. There is a very close accordance between the percentages of dry matter in the corn as first put into the silo and the ensilage as taken from the floor of the silo ; such chan- ges as have taken place have evidently not altered the material in this respect. The most remarkable data are the percentages for the ensilage samples C (April ?>), and E (March 1), in which the dry matter exceeds by 5 per cent or more that of the corn put into the silo (A and D). It is difficult to understand the character of chan- ges that could bring about such a result. The explanation appears to lie in the fact that there was a considerable loss by leakage from the silo, owing to the unavoidably immature condition of the corn. .Such would tend naturally to increase the percentage of drj' matter in the ensilage. In the ensilage taken from the top of the silo (G) we find 4 per cent more moisture than in the corn used, resulting necessarily in a similar decrease of the dry matter. This is due, we presume, to the combustion (by fermentation) of the dry matter, in which the nutrients — starch, sugar, &c. (carbo-hydrates) have suftered most. 132 EXi'EnnmyTAL farms 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 The effect of ensiling upon the nitrogenous compounds is a marked one. The al- buminoids or flesh-formers are largely reduced to the less nutritive form, amides. The changes in the relative proportions of the nutrients are more easily followed from a perusal of the percentage composition of the dry matter of the various samples, as given in table II. Table II. — Analysis of Corn before and after Ensiling, (Results on. water-free substance.) Constituents. Crude protein (nitrogen x 6 '25) Fat Carboliyd rates Fibre Ash Isitrogenous coni{X)uiids — Albuminoids or true pro tein Non-albuminoids (amides &c.) ■5 5'=^ "§ a> o to a''-' s S ® eS o ' rS o ;i.5'Sunnnerside, P. P3. I 1901. R. B. R Tan. 11. .T. O'C „ 30. J. M Feb. 2. A. E. E M 4. .T. F. C .. 20. S. H. J .. 21. W. .T. F Mar. o. •T. O'C. Xo. A M 0. „ „ B ,, 0. R. A. R .. 23. Wm. C "27. R. C .. 20. W. W April 2. J. D - G. A. B. W .. 23. F. P. E May 23. H. D June 4. R. H. 11 .- 14. R. 1). W „ 14. J. H I M 22. T. M. B I .. 2o. T. S July W. L. S . . J.X. Xo.l. 8. M 1."). n 1.5. ., 1.-). i ,. 15. ,. 15. .. 22. >, 24. .. 24. M 25. M 20. M 27. „ 27 „ 20 Aug. 2 „ 10 ! „ 14. i >. 17. ' M 22. „ 22. t >, 20. .. 20. „ 3 „ 29. Hon. s. F '.";;;;i .. so; .J.T. Xo.l Sept.lO. 2 I ,. 10. F. H. .T. R W. M. D W. A. R W. F. J... A. R F. D S. H. J Thos. L F. H. P L. B. H A. B A. L F. B Wm. R. Wm. R J. K A. L. F.B. Xo. 1. D. :\[ W. S. S. W. . W. S. L A. J. Mo H. A. W P. P. Co. Xo.l. Oct. Xov, 58 59 GO GliThornliill, Ont. (;2| .. G4 Orton D.J. Xo. 1 E. L. C. •078 1G-.5 •343 ■325 ■2(;g "^R •915 1089 0972 ■202 Xone. ■ 005 1072 •0090 •088 Xone. ■527 •028S ■003 100 5'77 0-23 ■302 •0850 •0320 •023 •0115 •0075 •0503 2 157 2 008 •507 4-40 •885 8 149- •105 5 40 •278 03u4 Xone 15- 14 14 01 10 57 •813 2 820 002 None. •0.35 •017 2-261 X'one. X'one. 1 .538 ■0.50 •405 •150 0404 3 .502 G on 2 314 4 ()53 4 208 4 809 5 213 12 05 0782 1 795 370 0 3500 0 9 0 ■■■■2'2' 3-9 202 0 .310-8 349 0 ■1 IG 4 900 0 •1 110 85 0 4 0 10 0 •4 None. 510 320 0 500 0 12 050 0 G(i0 0 80 0 48 0 9700 0 12 8 84 0 None. 13-8 20-8 240 -0 •8 .30-8 420 0 10-8 72 0 04 5 07 0 82 0 80 9 0 10-5 nEPORT OF THE CHEMIST 195 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 WELL WATERS, 190L PARTS PER MILLIOX. 2390 0 1995-2 394-8 6135 (3 5594-8 540-8 299-6 191-6 108 0 5533 0 5269 0 264 -0 313-2 254-4 58-8 341-2 198-8 142-4 7101-0 5708-0 1393 0 5524 -0 5288 -8 2;!5 2 1257 -0 1133 0 1-24 0 252-0 152-8 99 -2 324 0 244-0 800 6276 0 5880 0 396 0 411-2 145 0 265-6 4(50 0 258-4 201-6 3000 0 2635-0 365-0 50-5 29 0 21-5 302 0 215 0 87-0 87-5 58-0 29-5 102 0 69-5 32 5 388 0 250-0 138 0 686-5 567-5 119 0 4900 0 3790-0 11040 620 23-0 39 0 1175-2 993-2 182 0 1156-8 1006-4 150 4 231 2 199-2 32-0 182-4 116-4 60 0 16744 -0 10309-0 435 0 240-8 154-4 86-4 890-0 676 0 214 0 388 -0 96-8 291-2 134-4 50-4 84 0 443 6 251-2 192-4 1264-8 787-2 477-6 82-8 54-4 28-4 358-4 222-4 130 0 1054-8 999 6 552 208-8 148 0 00-8 1094 - 4 831-2 540 0 291 2 529 0 252-0 277 0 4tM-0 251 0 212 0 133 0 97 0 36-0 105 6 6S 0 37-6 84-5 53 5 31-0 128 0 820 46-t> 128 0 91 0 37 -0 1592-5 1517-5 75 0 287 0 1980 89 0 230-0 140 0 900 167 -0 122 0 45 0 80-8 60-8 20 0 243-2 164-0 79-2 L0319-6 9005 6 13140 218-4 172 0 46-4 3sr,-4 312 0 74-4 159-2 1-25 6 33-6 2.J4-0 213-6 50-4 251 -2 212-8 38-4 2>5-6 220 8 44-8 472-8 392 8 800 1222 4 942 4 280 0 347 2 268-8 78-4 198-8 139 2 59-6 Phospliates. Report. H. traces | Contaminated and unwholesome V. n. traces j Very sii.spici nis —Strongly saline H. traces I Proijably contaminated. . H. tiace.s iSaline water iVone Free from all organic pollution . . H. ppt Polluted and dangerous to health ... None Saline water Traces Strongly saline Traces Saline water V. SI. tr.ices Probably free from contamination Traces Suspicious Traces Strongly saline V. H. traces , Not polluted H. ppt Seriously contaminated . . None iSaliue water. . Traces ^Free from all injurious contamination H. traces i Suspicious Tracer Pure and wholesome Traces Safe and wholesome SI. traces.. .- Seriously polluted None I Free from organic impurities Traces 'Saline water None Pure and wholesome Traces Free from organic impurity Traces | ,, ,, „ Traces | i> m m V. SI. traces ' „ „ „ '. SI. traces Saline Traces i Decidedly suspicious V. SI. traces i n i, V. SI. traces Tree from organic pollution {31 None j Dangerously polluted 32 H. traces Very .seriously contaniinated ^33 Traces |Contaniinated and unwholesome.. j34 None I Free from organic pollution ]35 H. traces jSeriou.sly contaniinated J36 None Of doubtful purity ' |37 Contaniinated iSS Polluted with drainage !39 Seriously contaminated 40 Highly suspicious. , 41 Seriously polluted ;42 Highly suspicious j43 Seriously contaminated !44 Good and wholesome !45 Excellent !4(J Pure and wholesome 147 Saline water '48 1 2 3 4 5 0 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 •24 25 20 27 28 29 30 ' erj' suspicious . SI. traces H. ppt None Traces V. SI. traces... None Traces None Traces Traces H. traces ...... SI. traces Traces Traces Pure and wholesome SI. traces Not contaminated. . . V. H. tiaces | Probably polluted. . . None Saline water None Suspicious None i ,, V. H. traces 1 h , . SI. traces I n Traces | „ V. SI. traces : „ V. H. traces Seriously polluted . . V. SI. tiaces ,» m h Traces Decidedly suspicious Traces Contaminated 196 EXPERIMEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 From our own correspondence, and from the attention given in agricultural meet- ings and by the press, we are convinced that every year marks a more lively interest in this question of pure water upon the farm. There is no doubt that the number of farmers placing the base or source of their supply at a safe distance from possible pollu- tion is steadily on the increase. Xevertheless, there are still many who exhibit a complete apathy on this vital question, and it is to these we would appeal. If there are reasons to suspect the water • — indications of contamination in smell or appearance — they should not be disregarded. It is quite possible that the well is receiving pernicious drainage from barn-yard, stable or privy. Iseglect in this matter may mean jeopardizing the health of the farmer and his family, not to speak of troubles of various kinds in the dairy and cheese factory. A number of the waters received from Manitoba and the North-west Territories, as well as from certain districts in other provinces, have been shown to be strongly saline. In the report of this Division for 1S93, the results of certain experiments to- wards the improvement of saline waters are recorded. It is there shown that when the chief saline constituent is Epsom salts (magnesium sulphate) purification to a large extent may be effected by the judicious use of lime-water. For the preparation of a potable water from those containing sulphate and chloride of sodium (Glauber's salt and common salt) it will be necessary to have recourse to distillation, no method of filtration or precipitation for such waters being practicable. There are now upon the market several small stills that can be used on the kitchen stove and require but little attention. We cannot speak from personal experience of these household stills, but there is no apparent reason why they should not prove effective, yielding at but little, if any, extra expense a sufficiency of good j^alatable drinking water for the household. 1-2 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 A. 1902 EEPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST AND BOTANIST. (James Fletcher, LL.D., F.R.S.C, F.L.S.) 1901. Ottawa, December 1, 1901. Dr. Wm. Saunders, Director, Dominion Experimental Farms, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to hand you, herewith, a report on some of the more im- portant subjects wliich have received attention in the Division of Entomology and Botany during the year 1901. Many other subjects which have taken up some of the time of my assistants and myself need not be treated of specially in this annual re- port. The large numbers of applications for information and assistance made to the officers of the Division by agriculturists, horticulturists and others, continue to give encoiiraging evidence, not only of the usefulness of the investigations which are being carried on year by year, but also of the increasing appreciation of this work by the public in all parts of the Dominion. Of necessity a large proportion of the correspondence relates to the common, and therefore the more important, crop pests, concerning which serviceable advice can be given promptly. In this way much loss in many crops has been avoided. Correspondence. — The large correspondence of the Division has been of a very varied character. From November 30, 1900, to November 30, 1901, the number of letters, exclusive of circulars, registered as received, is 3,058, and the number de- spatched 2,840. Meetings Attended.— ^icetmgs of farmers, dairymen, fruit-growers, &c., have been attended whenever other official duties would allow of my absence from Ottawa. Addresses were delivered at the following places : — January 21-22, Kingston, Ont. — A meeting at Queen's University to discuss the importance of Forestry to Canada. Addresses were also given by the Hon. R. Har- court, Minister of Education for Ontario ; Prof. B. E. Fernow, of Cornell University, and others. January 31, Huntingdon, Que. — Pomological and Fruit Growing Association of the province of Quebec : 1. Injurious insects. 2. Can bees injure fruit ? February 12, Toronto. — Toronto Horticultural Society : Insect Enemies of the Garden. Toronto Normal School : Nature Study. March 19, Ottawa. — Select Standing Committee on Agriculture. April 2, Ottawa. — Ottawa Normal School : Nature Study. April 18, Smith's Falls, Ont. — Horticultural Society : Injurious Insects. Smith's Falls Public School : Nature Study. Smith's Falls High School : Nature Study in Education. 197 193 EXrERIMESTAL FIRMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 February 19, Perth, Ont.—Perth Public Schools : The Value of Nature Study and the Pleasures of Horticulture. Perth Horticultural Society : The Importance of Xature Study and Science in Horticulture. June 6, Vars, Out. — Public schools and farmers of the district : Xature Study and Science in Farming-. July and August. — Farmers' meetings in the West. September 13, Buffalo, N.Y. — National Bee-keepers' x\ssociation and American Pomological Society : Address on Bees as Fertilizers of Flowers. October 25, Gypsum, Ohio. — Special meeting of farmers : The San Jose Scale and the way to fight it. Xovember 13, London, Ont. — The Entomological Society of Ontario : 1. The Ohio and Ontario Experiments against the San Jose Scale. 2. The Value of Xature Study in Education. 3. Injurious Insects of 1901. November 15, Toronto. — Toronto Branch of the Entomological Society of Ontario: The San Jose Scale in Ontario. Fodder plants. — The experiments with grasses of all kinds and fodder plants have been continued upon the Central ExiDcrimental Farm, and, as in the past, have been a source of much interest to visitors. The summer of 1901 was exceptionally favourable for the growth of all grasses, and the varieties under cultivation succeeded well and made the Experimental Grass Plots a most attractive feature of the farm. In addition to the small plots of one square rod each, larger plots of the more desirable varieties were grown. The Awnless Brome Grass, introduced into Canada by the Experimental Farms in 1SS7, justly continues to increase in popularity ; it has proved a lucrative crop for seed growers and provides stockmen of the West with a prolific source of grass and hay. llclvor's Rye-grass, or Western Eye-grass (Agropyritm iencrum, Vasey), a native of the prairie regions, is also a most valuable grass, and is now much cultivated for its rich and heavy crops of hay and seed. Many packets of seed of these two grasses have been distributed to farmers and have given great satisfaction. Bedaiming Sand Hills. — As was mentioned in my report for 1898, experiments are being carried on at the request of Dr. T. Christie, M.P., near Lachute, Que., in re- claiming a large tract of shifting sand now nearly 1,000 acres in extent. Among the plants used for this purpose, the White Spruce, Norway Spruce, Balsam Fir, White Pine, w'illows, Awnless Brome Grass and Quack Grass have been tried. The work as yet has been on too small a scale for marked results. A visit was paid on November 5 to the locality with you and Dr. Christie and an examination made of the area invaded by sand. After the past moist summer many of the trees which have been planted were found to have thrived satisfactorily, but the grasses had not done so well. Judging from the success of these trees, it is sincerely to be hoped that experiments on a more extensive scale may be carried out at an early date. The farmers living on the margin of this area of sand have shown much interest in the reclaiming of the land, have planted trees at considerable individual expense, and have taken good care of such trees as they were provided with. CollecUons. — The collections of insects and plants in ths Division have been very materially increased during the past year, and great progress has been made in build- ing up a serviceable working collection. Many specimens in all orders of insects have been mounted and placed in the cabinets. Mr. Arthur Gibson, my second assist- ant, has done much of this work of arrangement and preparation of the specimens. !Many larvae of Lepidoptcra and phytophagous Ilymenoptera have been inflated and form a most interesting and valuable addition to the collections in those orders. A great many botanical specimens of Canadian plants have been mounted and deposited in the herbarium where they are now available for reference. This work is now being RErORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST AXD BOTANIST 199 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 pushed forward, and during the present winter I hope to liavc all the collections ren- dered much more complete than has been heretofore possible. The herbarium is in charge of the Assistant Entomologist and Botanist, Mr. J, A. Guignard. The Division is indebted to several correspondents for valuable donations of specimens. Every specimen in the collection is labelled with the name of the collector, the date when collected and the locality. Largo collections of rare specimens have been gen- erously given by the following : — - Rev. G. W. Taylor, Wellington, B.C.— -Vancouver Island Lepidoptera and Co- leoptera. Mr. J. W. Cockle, Kaslo, B.C. — Many specimens of moths, butterflies and a few specimens of other orders, taken at Kaslo, on Kootenay lake, also the eggs of Lepi- doptera for rearing. Mr. W. C. Sandcrcock, Lauder, Man. — Manitoban insects. Mr. A. J. Dennis, Beulah, Man. — ]\[anitoban moths. Mr. T. N. Willing, Regina, Assa. — North-west insects of several orders from Assiniboia and Alberta. ]\rr. W. Mcintosh, St. John, IS'.B.— Moths and butterflies from St. John. Mr, r. H. Wolley-Dod, Calgary, Alta.— Some rare butterflies from Alberta. Mr. N. Criddle, Aweme, Man. — Botanical specimens and paintings of Manitoban plants and insects. Mr. J. M. Macoun, Ottawa. — A collection of Canadian violets. Mr. J. E. Anderson, Victoria, B.C. — Many rare British Columbian plants not previoiisly represented in the hei barium. Mr. John Tolniie, Victoria, B.C. — Rare British Columbian plants. Mr. Beverley McLaughlin, White Horse, Y.T. — A small collection of rare and well i^repared plants from Yukon Territory. Miss E. Blackman, Kaslo, B.C. — Rare plants from Kaslo, including one species, Ilcmieva violacea, never previously collected in Canada. Mr. W. Ilerriott, Gait, Ont. — Specimens of Canadian grasses, many of them not previously represented in the collections. Mr. Percy J. Shaw, Berwick, N.S.— A collection of Nova Scotia weeds made in rictou county. Mr. Henry Bird, Rye, N.Y.— Living caterpillars of Hydroecia moths sent for study. During the year 1901, as heretofore, many entomologists and botanists in various parts of the Dominion have availed themselves of the services of the officers of the Division in identifying specimens of insects and plants. A large number of collec- tions have been received for this purpose and by means of this work much valuable information as to the distribution of native insects, plants, and weeds of cultivated lands, has been recorded and many desirable specimens have been acquired for the museum. Aclcnoivledgments. — My thanks are gratefully tendered to the following for fre- quent and valuable assistance in the identification of specimens : Prof. John Macoun and Mr. W. II. Harrington, Ottawa ; Mr. E. M. Walker, Toronto ; Prof. J. B. Smith, New Brunswick, N.J. ; Dr. Iloward and his able assistants, in the United States Division of Entomology ; Mr. W. H. Ashmead, Dr. IT. G. Dj^ar, of the LTnited States National Musemn ; Messrs. B. T. Galloway, A. F. Woods and F. IT. Chestnut, of Washington, D.C. ; Prof. F. M. Webster, of Wooster, Ohio ; Prof. L. R. Jones, of Burlington, Vermont ; and Mr. G. B. King, of Lawrence, Mass., all of whom are 200 EXPERIMEyTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 eminent specialists in certain lines of study, I am also under obligation to my many correspondents who have notified me of outbreaks of injurious insects and assisted in carrying out experiments for controlling the same. Kecognizing the great value of this assistance, I endeavour to give proper credit where it is due, when circum- stances demand that the various subjects should be treated of at length in the annual reports. All records of observations in letters from correspondents are carefully pre- served and made use of, either when received or at some future time. Every exact observation is of scientific value, and frequently small facts apparently of little im- portance at the time, provide missing links of great importance in working out tlie life histories of injurious insects and devising remedies for their control. In conclusion, I have much pleasure in testifying to the assiduity and excellence of the work performed by my assistants, Mr. J. A. Guignard, B.A., and Mr. Arthur Gibson, in office hours or afterwards whenever required. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, JAMES FLETCHER, Entomologist and Botanist. Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa. 1. Plot of Awnless Brome (irass, Second Year (In centre of plate). 2. Part of Experimental Grass Garden. EEl'ORT OF TEE ENTOMOLOGIST AXD BOTANIST 201 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 NOTES OX LECTURIXG TOURS AND INVESTIGATIONS IX MAXITOBA, THE XOETII-WEST TEREITOFJES AXD BRITISH COLUMBIA IX 1901. By instruction of tlie Honourable the Minister of Agriculture, and at the request of the several g-overnments of Manitoba, the Xorth-wcst Territories and British Col- umbia, I spent the months of Jul^^ and August last in the West. In Manitoba the chief subject studied was locust injuries. In the North-west Territories a series of farmers meetings was held in northern Alberta in continuation of work of a similar nature which I have taken part in during the last three summers. The special sub- ject for discussion was Xoxious Weeds and their Eradication. In this work particu- lar attention has been drawn to the great value of using light harrows and weeders on growing grain crops after they have appeared above the ground, also the value of Nature Study in Agricultural Education. In British Columbia insects injurious to field crops and fruits were dealt with as well as weeds, hay and fodder crops in general, and Xature Study. Manitoba. Leaving Winnipeg on the first of July in company with Mr. Hugh Maclvellar, the Deputy Minister of Agriculture of Manitoba, and the Eev. W. A. Burman, I visited certain districts where serious inroads were being made into the crops by grasshoppers. A report on tliis investigation made to the Hon. R. P. Roblin, Minister of Agriculture for Manitoba, in which the main features of importance are dealt with, appears further on in this report. (See page 222.) The Xorth-west Tekritories. After finishing the work in Manitoba, I proceeded westward. A most pleasant and profitable day was spent at the Experimental Farm at Indian Head, examining the crops and making other observations connected with my work. The exuberant appear- ance of all vegetation throughout the West this year surpassed by far anything which had ever been seen before since the settlement of the countrj^ and the jnagnificent crop which has just been reaped confirms the hopes which were entertained by all classes at the t"ime of my visit. July 10 was spent at Regina with Mr. T. X. Willing, the Territorial Weed Inspector for the Xorth-west Territories, and an interesting dri^e was taken through the country surrounding the North-west capital, during which notes were taken as to the degi-ee of prevalence of noxious weeds. The good work which has been done by the North-west Government in this connection, was very per- ceptible. On the evening of July 10, I left Regina and reached Pense, where I visited Gatesgarth, the home of Messrs. Gerald and Bernard Spring-Rice. This is now a most interesting place, where successfid experiments have been carried on for some years in advanced farming and tree-planting. The following day was taken up in examining the groves of trees, plantations of shrubs, fields of Brome Grass and other crops. The greatly enhanced beauty of this place, due to the enthusiasm and skill of the brothers Spring-Rice, the improvements and advanced methods practised, have for several years been an object lesson to the farmers of the district. My kind hosts Bpared no pains to make my visit profitable and enjoyable. On the evening of July 12, I reached Calgary and joined Mr. Angus Mackay. Leaving Calgary early ©n the 2C2 EXPERIMEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 morning of July 13 with Mr. F. II. Wolley-Dod, I drove out with him to his stock farm 20 miles southward of Calgary, thus obtaining a good opportunity of seeing the crops and the country in this very attractive part of the Territories. On the morning of July 14, Col. Herchmer drove me out to see his farm on the Bow River, close to Calgary, a charming location where he has made many improvements.. In the after- noon the Dominion Dairy Station and Cold Storage houses were visited with the Chief Superintendent, Mr. Christian ^^Eaerker ; afterwards we went to see Mr. Wm. Pearce and were shown his experiments in growing trees, which he has been carrying on for several years with considerable success. On the morning of July 15, I left Calgary in company with Mr. Angus Mackay and Mr. George Batho, of the Nor'- west Farmer staff, by the Edmonton branch of the Canadian Pacific Railway to hold farmers' meetings along that railway. These meetings, for which arrangements had been made by the Department of Agriculture for the Xorth-west Territories, were held at various places during the following two weeks, and the chief subject treated of by the speakers was the Eradication of Xoxious Weeds. At all of these meetings the procedure followed was for Mr. Mackay to deliver the first address, in which he dealt with the chief features of the Experimental Farm work, which would be of inter- est in the locality, such as the experiments in eradicating weeds on dirty lands, the value of summer-fallowing for various purposes, the cultivation of grasses, the growth of trees and fruits, and the distributions made of trees and seed grain. He also pointed out the many ways in which the farmers of the Xorth-west Territories could avail themselves of the benefits to be derived from the Experimental Farms, and assur- ed them that he would always be pleased to assist them in every way in his power. Mr. Mackay's great knowledge of all branches of farming and liis reputation as a re- liable source of information on these matters proved a great attraction to the farmers in all the places where meetings were held. My own addresses were intended to ex- plain concisely the nature of weeds in general, the losses due to their presence in crops, and the methods which had been found successful in combating them in vari- ous places with similar conditions of soil and climate. Particular attention was paid to those plants which were found to be prevalent in the different localities. Freshly gathered specimens were always collected before the addresses were delivered, which were found most useful in showing exactly what plants were being discussed. Large numbers of specimens were brought to the meetings by farmers wishing for informa- tion upon special weeds which they had seen or had found troublesome on their own farms, A few specimens were also taken with us of some of the worst weed enemies, such as Stink Weed, Larkspur, Sweet Grass, Wild Oats, &c., in case these might not vet have been introduced into the various districts, but of which it was most advis- able that farmers should know the appearance and nature, so as to guard against them and attend to their destruction promptly, should they by chance be introduced. Mr. Batho placed us under a debt of gratitude by his kindness in collecting specimens and in creating an interest in the meetings in many other ways. The success of several of the meetings was also much enhanced by the presence and energetic help of Mr, T, X. Willing, of Regina, and of Mr. Percy B. Gregson, of Waghorn, Alta., the local Weed Inspector, who had taken great pains to make it known when and where these meetings were to be held. Olds, July 15. — An excellent meeting, the first of the series, was held at this thriving little town, which is the centre of a rich agricultural district, settled largely by Americans from Nebraska and Germans from Ontario. Mr, Henry Briggs was in the chair, and gave an admirable address on experiments he had been carrying on in growing fall wheat and fodder plants. Awnless Brome Grass he had cultivated for seven years, and he had always found it most satisfactory in every way. White Clo- ver had done well, and Alfalfa was promising. Fall wheat sown early on newly bro- ken ground had succeeded best, b\;t. when this grain was sown on well worked land, the crops were heavier, although they ripened later. REPORT OF THE EXTOMOLOGIST AND BOTANIST 203 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Innisfail, July IG. — Mr. F. M. Oldham in the chair. A well attended meeting. Awnless Brome Grass was a subject much discussed. Mr. Maekay referred to the fact that this grass was not so highly esteemed at Calgary and Pincher Creek as at other places in the Territories. He had found it excellent in every way at Indian Head and considered the hay the best he had grown for horses. The seed could be Bown at any time, but he preferred sowing directly after seeding spring grain without a nurse-crop, as there is not enough soil-moisture at Indian Head to support botli crops to the best advantage. He attributed some of the failures in the Calgary dis- trict to too heavy seeding ; 8 cr 10 lbs. of seed per acre was the proper quantity to sow. There Avas no difficulty in eradicating Brome Grass if the work was done properly. The sod should be broken 2 or 21 inches deep during hot weather in June and back-set in August. To prevent the blowing away of surface soil, which was a trouble in some parts of the North-west, Brome Grass and Western Rye-grass were of great value. In his experiments he had found that wheat did best on Western Eye-grass sod, and oats and barley on Brome sod. One crop of Brome Grass would provide fibre in the soil for three or four crops of wheat or other grain. An animated discussion was held on the weed question, and Mr. Maekay paid a high tribute to the good farming of Mr. Henry Briggs, whose farm he had visited the previous day and had found to be one of the cleanest farms he had seen in the Territories ; this farm showed what could be done by good work. A large collection of weeds was examined and the characters of each were explained. The value of summer-fallowing for the purpose of clearing land of weeds was pointed out. This should be done early and followed by not more than three or four cultivations so as to allow seedlings time to germinate. It was quite possible to cultivate land so frequently in hot weather that the germination of seeds could not take place, and the land would be left almost as dirty as when the work was begun. Mr. Gregson compared the condition of farms in the Innisfail district this year and last. He also showed examples of Stink Weed and Canada Thistle collected in the locality and warned farmers against allowing these troublesome pests to spread. Bed Deer, July 17 — Mr. A. Cole in the chair. The meeting was small, owing to another important meeting on school matters being held at the same time. Among weeds brought to the meeting by Mr. Gregson were samples of Canada Thistle, four feet high ; Stink Weed, two feet ; Shepherd's Purse, 18 inches ; Larkspur, five feet ; Wormseed Mustard, three feet, and Gray Tansy Mustard, four feet. Eed Deer is an older settled district than some others in northern Alberta ; the settlers from Innis- fail and Red Deer to Lacombe are chiefly from Ontario. SlralJicona. — This thriving town, formerly known as South Edmonton, was reached on the evening of July 18, which was marked by an unusual phenomenon for the locality, a furious hail storm, which, together with two preceding storms at recent date, had worked great havoc on the crops and all other vegetation. A meeting was held at 2 o'c, of 19th, Mr. McLean in the chair, Mr. Mclntyre, the secretary, had worked up the meeting well, but other interests prevented a very large attendance. Mr. Maekay spoke of summer-fallowing, and much interest was evinced in weeds. Farmers were warned against Ball Mustard (Neslia paniculata, Desv.), which was the most prevalent weed noticed in grain fields from Calgary to this point. Mr. T. N. Willing spoke of the necessity of farmers in the Edmonton district taking more pains to clear weeds from their crops, particularly from oats. ]\[r. George Batho exhibited samples of Eussian Pig-weed {Axyvis amarantoides, L.), which was spreading rapidly through the Territories, particularly along lines of railway. It is a bad weed of vigorous growth, with hard wiry stems, which are difficult to cut. In the winter it be- comes a tumble weed. Clover Bar, July 20.— Mr. Daly in the chair. Leaving Strathcona at 10 o'clock, we drove over roads, bad, owing to late rains, to Clover Bar, a very thriving district 204 EXrEEIMEyTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VlT., A. 1902 where a good meetin* was lield. The farmers were very hopeful, regarding the recent hail storms as quite exceptional occurrences not likely to happen again. Ball Mustard and annual weeds were much discussed. Mr. Mackay recommended that early sum- mer-fallowing should be practised in connection with mixed farming. Plough deeply, V or 8 inches, if possible, before June 1, and at any rate before July 1. Harrow at once and cultivate three or four times, not more. Sow oats or barley for feed the first year, and cultivate, but do not plough again. In the second year sow Red Fife wheat, seeding two weeks after spring opens. If oats are sown, plough once, and sow two weeks later than wheat. Brome and other grasses may also be used as clean- ing crops. Fort Sashaicheivan, July 20. — Leaving Clover Bar at 4.30, we drove to the old settlement of Fort Saskatchewan, where a most successful meeting was held the same evening. It was pointed out that many weeds were by far too noticeable in the crops Been along the road. The most noxious of these were shown, and methods for their control were given. Both here and at Clover Bar much inquiry was made about Sweet Grass (Hierochloa horealis, L.). The chief cause of its persistence was found to be that settlers had besn calling it by the wrong name, viz., ' Twitch gTass,' and treating it accordingly. ' Twitch Grass,' or ' Scutch Grass,' is a shallow-rooted per- ennial requiring shallow ploughing, whereas Sweet Grass roots deeply and requires as deep ploughing as possible, the very opposite treatment to that which it had gener- ally received. In both cases, the land should siibsequently be put under a smother crop, such as a thick seeding of oats or barley to be cut for feed as soon as ready. The best time to cut oats for hay is when they are in blossom. Mr. Mackay again pointed out the value of sunm^ier-fallowing as a weed clearing process and advised the practice at least once in three years. Leaving Fort Saskatche- wan early on the morning of July 21, we drove in to Edmonton and spent the day there. Leduc, July 22. — This is a new settlement, peopled for the most part by Ameri- cans, Russian Germans and Canadians from Ontario. It rained nearly all day, and, owing to the state of the roails, few farmers could come in to the meeting. An infor- mal meeting was held in the Leland hotel, a nice clean house, kept by Mr. ^Yillis. The afternoon was spent making botanical collections, several interesting specimens being Becured. ^Teiasliirvin, July 23. — Mr. J. McVicar in the chair. This is a new place, settled Diainly by Swedes, Germans and Americans. An enthusiastic meeting was held in the afternoon with a prolonged discussion on summer-fallowing, the best time to sow, and the quantity of seed grain to the acre. Awnless Brome Grass was recommended. Speaking of the value of this hay, Mr. Mackay stated that he had obtained as good results in feeding the straw of this grass, from which the seed had been threshed, as from any other hay. Some difficulty having been experienced in knowing the proper time to cut Brome for seed, it was explained that this should be done when the seed was of about the same consistency as wax. At Indian Head, Brome Grass flowered about July 1, when the fields presented a golden yellow appearance from the copious pollen-bearing anthers ; three weeks later than this the seed would be ripe enough to cut and the fields would be of a purplish hue. Cutting should not be delayed too long or much seed would be lost. When the seeds on a few heads would shell out, the crop should be cut. An acre of Brome Grass would give from 400 to 800 pounds of seed and an average of 2 J tons of hay. The crop would depend largely on getting good rains in May. Well cleaned Brome seed would always fetcli at the lowest figure 10 cents per pound. Four crops of Brome Grass could be taken from one seeding, but tlie best management was to take two crops of hay and then use the field as pas- ture for two years. REPORT OF TEE ENTOMOLOGIST AXD BOTANIST 205 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 PotioJca, July 24. — Mr. Alger in the chair. A large meeting was held here. Pon- oka is beautifully situated on the banks of the Battle river with rich rolling land around it, which has been settled by progressive Canadians from the East and Ameri- cans. Much interest was taken in the subjects treated of by the speakers. Summer- fallowing early was highly recommended by Mr. Mackay for cleaning land of weeds. It had been noticed that very few of the suimner-fallows to the north of this place had been ploughed at the present time, and yet the seeds of many weeds, such as Shepherd's Purse, False-flax, Pepper grass. Stink Weed, where it occurred, and some others were already ripe. It was claimed that summer-fallowing, as advised, in these rich moist lands, would make the crops late and give too much straw. Mr. Mackay advised heavier seeding, viz., 2 bushels of wheat, and 2J bushels of oats ; this was more seed than was used at Indian Head, where they found that 1^ bushels of wheat and 2 bushels of oats to the acre gave the best results. Great stress was laid on the importance of sowing clean seed as a means of reducing weed presence; Mr. Mackay believed that the success he had secured at Indian Head in keeping their land free of weeds was very largely due to the care taken in cleaning seed grain. Summer-fallowing however, he considered essential if the rich lands of the West were to be kept free of weeds. Lateness of the crop grown on such land and too luxuriant a production of straw might be prevented by the following method. Fallow by ploughing deeply as soon after seeding time as possible, harrow to start the weeds. Three weeks will give the weed seeds near the surface a chance to germinate ; cultivate these 2j inches deep and repeat the operation 3 times. This will destroy four crops of weeds. ISText spring harrow early, leave the land till the 1st of June, then sow a grain crop to be cut for green feed in the first week in August. After cutting this, plough 2^ or 3 inches deep and sow wheat the next spring. If the land is still thought to be too weedy, two crops of grain feed may be taken. If the land is not very weedy drill in wheat 2^ inches deep without cultivation, and, when it is one or two inches high, run over it with a weeder or light harrow. Brome Grass and Western Rye-grass were discussed, and the proper seeding of each of these was stated to be 10 pounds to the acre. Western Eye-grass provides excellent pasture and hay, but the latter must be cut when in bloom ; the straw from which ripe seed has been threshed, is almost use- less. The difference between Awnless Brome (Bromus inermis, L.) and the native Western Brome (Bromus PumpelUanus, Scrib), was explained to be that, of the for- mer, the stems and leaves are perfectly smooth and the chaff scales bear no spike-like awns, while in the native species, which is also a luxuriant and very valuable grass, the leaves and stems, particularly at the joints, are always more or less hairy and the chaff bears a short sharp awn. Earnest inquiries were made as to whether plums and apples would be likely to s\icceed in the district, and mention was made of the successful experiments which have been carried out at the Experimental Farms in selecting desirable forms of the native plum and in improving the hardy Siberian crab apple (Pyrus haccata, L.) by crossing it with the best varieties of hardy apples. Some fall wheat which would Lave been ripe in about two weeks, was shown at this meeting, and Mr. George Bathe spoke of the success in growing this grain in the district. Lacomhe, July 25. — Mr. F. B. Watson in the chair. A splendid meeting was held at this thriving and active town. The meeting had been well worked vip by Mr. Percy Gregson, and the farmers brought in a large number of specimens of weeds and other plants concerning which they desired information. Col, J, J. Gregory contributed many plants of interest and took a leading part in the discussions, bringing forward many subjects which he knew to be of special interest in the locality. After the meet- ing broke up, it was carried on informally for nearly another hour by those present who wished to make the most of the opportunity to discuss various farming matters with the speakers. Mr. Gregson spoke at length of the efforts being made by the Hon. G. H. V. Bulyea to help the farmers of the North-west in their fight against >0Q EXPEIilMEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 noxious weeds and of tlie excellent work which had been done by Mr. T. X. Willing, the Territorial "Weed Inspector, Specimens of Stink Weed, Canada Thistle, Ball Mustard, Wild Mustard, and Bird Rape (or Smooth Mustard) were exhibited. During the evening a visit was paid to Mr, Howell's beautiful garden, where everything was growing in the greatest luxuriance. On the morning of Juh^ 26, we drove out to see Col. Gregory's farm, and particu- larly a good patch of Alsike clover. Here we found many things of interest — a fine patch of Brome Grass, grown from a small sample of seed sent from Ottawa three years previously ; a field of spelt wheat, very fine turnips and a nice grove of native trees, spruce, aspen and birch, which have grown remarkably well in the seven years since they were planted, also two kinds of native currants (^Rihes Uudsonianum, Rich., and Rihes floridum, L'lTer,). Leaving Lacombe at noon, we reached Calgary at 7 p.m., and I left the same night for British Columbia to examine some of the districts which were last year devastated by the Variegated Cutworm, and to hold meetings with Mr. J. R. Anderson at several places where Farmers' Institutes had been formed. Briti.sii Columbia, I reached Revelstoke at 2.30 p.m., July 27, and Xelson at 7.30 on 2Sth idem. A night and part of the following day were spent at this picturesquely situated little town on the shore of Kootenay Lake, and at 4 o'clock in the afternoon I took the steamer KoTcanee for Kaslo, which place I reached in the evening. I was met there by Mr. J. W. Cockle, an enthusiastic naturalist, who has been of great assistance to me by collecting insects and plants and by sending information concerning injurious insects. Before dark, I was able to call and see Mr. George Alexander, a great lover of flowers, and to go over his most beautiful flower garden, I had heard previously of Mr. Alexander's success in floriculture, but was little prepared for the blaze of col- our and the large number of choice plants which were to be seen in his grounds. After passing the night with Mr. Cockle, and examining his extensive collection of insects, he kindly took me to visit several gardens in the upper town, where heavy crops of all kinds of fruit were seen. While at Kaslo, I had the pleasure of meeting Miss Ethel Blackman, a botanist, who has contributed many rare and highly valued specimens of plants to the herbarium of the Division. I left Kaslo at 10 o'clock, July 30, and took the train to Sandon. The scenery up this railway to Sandon and down again to Nakusp on the Arrow Lakes, is extremely grand. After a delightful trip by boat up the Arrow Lakes to Arrowhead, the train was again taken and the night passed at Revelstoke, Vancouver was reached during the night of July 31, and I pro- ceeded the next day to ^STanaimo, A series of meetings of Farmers' Institutes was held during the month of August at various places on Vancouver Island, in the Fraser valley, the Xicola valley, and in the Okanagan valley. These meetings were arranged and all were attended by Mr. J. R. Anderson, the active Deputy Minister of Agriculture for British Columbia, who also ably fills the difficult post of Superintendent of Farmers' Institutes for the whole province. The Farmers' Institute is a much newer development in Briti.sh Columbia than in the older provinces, and many districts have not yet organized themselves into institutes. Where, however, organization has been effected, the mem- bers appreciate very fully the advantages to be derived from the system. Farmers come to the meetings knowing what thej' want, and are prepared to put their views plainly before the meeting and get the opinion of others upon subjects of general interest. The province has a most useful and painstaking officer in the Deputy Min- ister, who makes a point of attending officially all meetings whenever possible, and the farmers in that way have frequent opportunities of bringing their wishes directly be- fore an executive officer of the Government. The Central Farmers' Institute is firmly established, and the annual meeting is well attended by delegates from all parts of the REPORT OF TEE EXrOMOLOGIST AXD BOTAXIST 207 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 province. This meeting is Jield in the autumn. Ever since the cstahllshmcnt of the institutes, special spoakers have been provided hy the provincial Government to ad- dress the meetings upon agricultural subjects at each place at least once or twice a year. In this way, the farmers of the Pacific province have had an opportunity of hearing some of the best institute workers of the East. Among others, series of sev- eral meetings have been held during the last four years, by Messrs. Shutt, Gilbert, Robertson, Ilodson, Stewart, Maerker, Euddick, Drummond, Raynor, &c. Comox, Angust 2. — The first meeting was held at Courtney, near that place. There are few spots better suited to dairying than this. Most luxuriant crops of hay and other fodders are grown, and the pastures are excellent, A butter factory has been lately established, and is doing well. Fruit is also grown to advantage. The meeting was well attended and an animated discussion took place. After the meeting we drove to Union Mines. The following day was spent in the Beaufort range of mountains, collecting botanical and entomological specimens. Mr. Walter Anderson accompanied us on this trip and discovered a species of Euhus (R. nivalis of Howell's Flora), new to Canada. Leaving Union early August 4, a most delightful drive of 42 miles through the forest was taken to Parksville, where we were most hospitably welcomed and entertained by Mr. and Mrs. R. F. Ilickey. Mrs. Hickey had collected several injurious insects, amongst which I found a few specimens of the Variegated Cutworm. V»^e left Parksville on the morning of August 5, and drove 35 miles to Alberni, passing along the beautiful Cameron Lake and through the wonderful forest at the base of Mount Arrowsmith. We arrived at our destination at 5 o'clock. Alherni has an active institute, and a good meeting was held at 8 o'clock the same evening. Great interest was evinced in the proposed action of the Department to assist farmers in the very heavy and expensive work of clearing away the stumps of the gigantic trees which are characteristic of that part of Vancouver Island. It was announced by Mr. Anderson that his Minister had made arrangements by which gunpowder of the most suitable kind would be provided at half the price they could get it themselves, if they would conform to certain conditions. There was an ani- mated discussion on the weeds of liay lands and pastures. My own address was on the great importance of the new educational movement known as Nature Study, which I claimed must be of inestimable value to farmers ; in fact, I consider Nature Study is the common sense of education, whatever may be the chosen vocation of any school- boy or girl, and this is more particularly true of farmers, for all their work has to deal directly with objects, a knowledge of which comes within the limits of natural history. Successful farmers are those who understand their business best. The far' mer who knows how plants grow, feed, and develop, will best understand how to fight weeds, which crops are suitable for certain soils, the way to treat them, their require- ments, and how they can be used to his own greatest advantage. A knowledge of zoology would be of great use to a farmer in caring for and breeding stock. With even an elementary knowledge of entomology, he could cope much better than the farmer of to-day with the many insect enemies which yearly destroy a large propor- tion of every crop. To illustrate this, I referred to Mr. Anderson's good work at the beginning of the cutworm outbreak last year, and showed that much loss had been avoided by his being able to advise promptly what should be done to check the caterpillars in their depredations. The ben(>fit of cultivating clovers and other nitrogen-gathering crops was explain- ed, the best time to cut hay, and the advantage of a proper rotation of crops. Speak- ing of the great interest now being created in forestry by tlie new Canadian Forestry Association, I urged my liearers to do everything in their power to preserve the mag- nificent forest around Cameron Lake, within a few miles of Alberni, which I had driven through when coming to the meeting, and which I believe is one of the finest pieces of standing timber in the world. The very size of the trees, as up to the present there are no railways there, would protect it for many years if they could only keep 208 EXPEniMEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 out the greatest enemv of all — fire. Tliere were few places where trees of from five to eight feet in diameter eould be seen, as was the case there, by thousands. Everyone could do something to create an interest in this subject, if not, indeed, on occasion, to prevent fire from spreading. They Avere reminded that a single spark was enough to start a disastrous conflagration. Starting at 5 a.m. on Aiigust 6. the ascent of Mount Arrowsmith, th? high(;3t mountain in that part of Vancouver Island, was begun. This expedition to the sum- mit of this mountain was of great interest, and large collections of rare botanical and entomological specimens were made, as well as notes taken on the trees and other indigenous plants observed. At a height of about 4,000 feet gi-and groves of the Yel- low Cypress (Cupressiis Xutkaensis, Hook.) were found. Perhaps the most interest- ing plants collected vrere AlUum Xevii, Wat., a pretty dwarf pink-flowered onion, a blue-flowered caulescent violet and Calandrinia Columhiana, Howell, a beautiful plant of the Purslane family, with large fleshy roots and showy pink flowers. The descent of the mountain was made on the afternoon of August 8, and a long drive of 55 miles taken the next day to Xanaimo. Kanaimo, August 9. — A good meeting was held in this town at 8 o'clock in the evening, where, although tlie attendance was small, much interest was taken in the subjects presented. The discussion was upon the best crops to grow upon certain soils and on agricultural methods suitable for Vancouver Island. Grasses for hay and pastures were also discussed, and the disappearance of the Variegated Cutworm was much commented upon. Xanaimo was almost the only place in the province where any injury was done by this caterpillar in 1901. Leaving Xanaimo by train the next morning, Victoria was reached at 12.30. Saankh, August 10. — A largely attended meeting was held at this place. By request, the subject presented was Xature Study in education and as affecting agricul- ture. Nature Study had recently been added to the regular curriculum of the public schools of the province. Many of the audience, including the leading school teachers from Victoria and the district, went out to the meeting by special train provided for the purpose. There was also a large attendance of farmers who joined heartily in the discussions. The next day was spent in Vict^^ria, and I had the honour of being shown some interesting experiments in tree culture by His Honour the Lieutenant Governor Sir Henri Joly de Lotbiniere in his grounds near Government House. On August 12, in the morning, I visited Cloverdale, the residence of Mr. John Tolmie, and spent a few hours examining his botanical collections, and interesting plants, which he has growing in his grounds. The afternoon was spent in the small but exceedingly well arranged and instructive museum of the Department of Agricul- ture. The herbarium, representing the flora of the province, made almost wholly by Mr. Anderson himself, is very complete and several other collections illustrative of the natural wealth of the province are here presented in such a way as to strike the mind of a visitor at once with the capabilities of the country. Among other things may be mentioned that at one end of a room stands a single mounted leaf of the bracken nine feet high. Above this along the ceiling is a single annual shoot of a bramble 12 feet long, and by the side of these a one-year's growth of a young plum tree 8 feet long. Leaving Victoria by stearac r at midnight, we reached Vancouver at 9 o'clock on the morning of August 13. Here I was met by Mr. Tom Wilson, the Government Superintendent of Fumigation, and I went with him and inspected the fumigating house where all imported nursery stock is fumigated for the destruction of the San Jose Scale, and found everything in perfect order. We left Vancouver at 1 o'clock by the Canadian Pacific Eailway, and, proceeding to Harrison, crossed by steam ferry to Chilliwack. ChilUwack, August 13. — The farmers of this fertile district always turn out in large numbers, and the last meeting was no exception. Insects injurious to fruit rj'A'ORT OF THE KXTVMOLO'JL'iT A-\D BOTAM.^T 209 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 crops were ik't;Il wirli, and ]iarticular ivlVivuce was made t.> the disastrous outbreak of the Variegated C'utworni in 1!>()0. The farmers of tlie whole province are to be con- ^ratuhited on the activity of tlie Department of Agricnlture, and the prompt manner in v.'hieh tlie best-known remedy, the bran and Paris gre^m mash, had been brought before tlie country through the public press by the Deputy Minister. A tribute was l)aid to the agricultural and daily press for the way ia which they alw.iys published at once any matter likely to be helpful to farmers, recognizing that anything which iiiiVcted the in'osp'rity of tlie fa.i'mer affected that of the whole community. On Augu,-t 14, we started on a collecting trip up Mount Che-am. Driving 1-' )j)iles to Popcum, we called on Mr. Eb. Knight, who helped us very nnicli in getting- suitable guides, and by 9 o'clock we started on the ascent of this interesting moun- tain, which, rising from the level of the river 30 feet above sea level, runs up to a licight of about 8,000 feet, and presents exceptional advantages for examining the fauna and ilora of the various altitudes. The weather was magnificent, and large coliections were made during the ascent. By 0.30 an extensivt' plateau at about 7,000 feet was reached, and camp was made for the niglit. This plateau is an undulating meailow stretching frpm where we came on to it for al)out a mile to a deep valley out of which Angel Peak or Mount. Che-am proper rises to the north, and Lady Moun- taiii, flanked by Deer Kidge, to the south. This mountain meadow is one extended garden of exquisite beauty with the greatest variety of mountain flowers. ^ Covering jdmost the whole surface of this elevated upland arc dwarf bushes of the Mountain Bhieberry ( Vacclaium MyiilUiis), not more than a few inches high in many l>hices, liut i-rowded witli pink bells ; here and there are large beds of crimson, green, and white Mountain Heather {BnjanUius empctrifonnh. B. ghiiirtilc district are plainly visible. Good management and hor- ticultural skill have combined to make this a model of what a successful fruit farm can be in this district. Leaving Vernon on the morning of the next day, we took the steamer Aherdeen to Kelowna, reaching that place by 3.30. The afternoon was spent in collecting along the shores of Lake Okanagan and in the woods. Keloivna, August 23. — This was the old Okanagan Mission, but the enterprise and activity of the members of the Kelowna Shippers' L'nion have made a new place of it. Ilere fruit of the best quality is prrvluccd in larger quantities every year, and every boat that leaves the wharf carries a freight of delicious fruit to less favoured localities. The suitability of the soil to produce an excellent quality of cigar tobacco is now well known, and a thriving cigar factory has been established, with expert makers of home- made and home-grown cigars, which are gaining favour daily over the whole Domin- REPORT OF THE EXTOMOLOGIST AND BOTANIST 211 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 ion. The meeting was largely attended, and an interesting discussion took place on plant diseases and the weeds of the farm. Specimens were shown of the Leaf Spot of the tobacco, of diseased potatoes, and of Poverty Weed. The last named is a deep- rooted perennial, a native of alkaline lands, and a most difKcult enemy to eradicate. These meetings in British Columbia were satisfactory throughout, and the wish was frequently expressed that the speakers would soon return to hold similar meetings. On the way home, stops were made for one day at Glacier and two days at Banff ; at both of these places we were favoured with magnificent weather and consequently large collections were made both of plants and insects. From Nepigon, Calgary, Mount Arrowsmith, Mount Che-am, Glacier and Banff, parcels of living roots were despatched for cultivation in the botanic garden at the Central Experimental Farm. Ottawa was reached at 5.30 a.m. on the first of September. I beg gratefully to acknowledge the courtesy of the Superintendent of the west- ern Division of the Canadian Pacific Eailway, who gave me free transportation over all parts of the C.P.R. system during the above investigations. DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY. CEREALS. The cereal crops of the Dominion this year made on the whole a good showing. Throughout the West the crop of all small grains, with the exception of oats, is unpre- ccdentedly large and of good quality. The conditions in Manitoba and Assiniboia were far more favourable from the beginning than in 1900. The spring opened with fine weather, and there was little rain until the end of May. All farm work was there- fore pushed forward. The ground was well charged with moisture from the rains of the previous autumn, and crops got a good start. In Alberta the weather was wetter, colder and more backward throughout the season than in Manitoba, Assiniboia and Saskatchewan, but throughout the Prairie Provinces the summer was showery, and magnificent crops were produced. In Alberta the excessive rain in spring caused some inconvenience by delaying seeding and haying. August was very fine and all crops rushed forward to maturity with remarkable rapidity so that, although harvest began in Manitoba about the usual date, August 18-20, it was only a week or ten days later in Alberta. The latter half of September was cold and wet with snow throughout the prairie region on the 22nd and 23rd. After this the weather turned very fine, crops picked up well, and all work was pushed rapidly forward. The average yields per acre of the more important cereals are as follows : From the Manitoba December Crop Bul- letin, a publication of great accuracy : — Wheat, 25 -1 bushels per acre ; barley, 31 -2 ; oats, 40 -3 ; rye, 23 ; peas, 18 -6 ; flax, 12 -7. Mr. George Batho, of Winnipeg, has kindly supplied me with the following con- cerning the North-west Territories : — ■ ' The yields in Assiniboia, Saskatchewan and Alberta were heavier than in Mani- toba this year. Probably the most satisfactory crops were at Indian Head, Kegina, Moose Jaw and other points in eastern Assiniboia. Throughout this district wheat must have averaged 33 bushels, and many kinds gave returns of 40 bushels. In Al- berta a considerable amount of the crop was uncut when cold wet weather came in September ; this kept the yields from being as high as was at one time hoped for. ' The oat crop throughout the whole Territories was particularly good. The aver- age for Assiniboia, Saskatchewan and Alberta can safely be put at from 55 to 60 bushels per acre. Some damage to oats, and in a smaller degree to wheat, was wrought by cutworms in Manitoba and in a few localities in the Territories. Grasshoppers also reappeared in the same localities as last year in Manitoba, and where not attended to destroyed a few hundred acres of wheat ; but their ravages affected very little the 16— 14i 212 EXrURiMEMAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 grand crop vi tlic whole provineo, and tlie fanners now know the habits of those in- sects and have learnt the best ways of figltting tliem.' As to the eastern provinces, a general statement applies to all. The crops were good, with the exception of fall wheat in western Ontario, which was badly attacked by tlie Hessian Fly. The spring opened early with very favourable conditions for growth up to the beginning of July, when there was a period of excessive heat, fol- lowed in some parts of Ontario and Quebec, and in the whole of the Maritime Pro- vinces, by a month or six weeks of drought, from which grain crops, hay and pastures, suffered in many fdaces. Some injury was also done to barley and spring wheat by the Hessian Fly and drought. Cutworms in wheat were complained of in the Ottawa valley. One report, the first record of the occurrence of the Wheat Midge in the Prairie Provinces, comes from central Manitoba ; no specimens were forwarded, but the observer, Mr. X. Criddlc, is careful and describes the attack accurately, as small light reddish maggots tapering towards the head and clustered around the grains in- side the chaff. The Grain Aphis was unu.^ually destructive iji several localities in the North-west Territories. The pea and bean crops in Ontario liave been short and low in quality, due chiefly to hot weather. Peas have been much attacked by the Pea Weevil, and many farmers, as a consequence, are turning their attention to the Grass Pea or Chickling Vetch (Lathyrus sativus, L.), which gives good crops of 10 to 30 btishels of seed par acre, suitable for nearly all purposes for which peas are used and also perfectly free from the attacks of the Pea Weevil. In Nova Scotia the Black Bean Aphis, or ' Black Dolphin,' has attacked Broad Beans and Horse Beans, so severelj- in some places as to ruin the crop. The Pea Motii (Semasia nigricana, Steph.) occurred in some places, but not to the same extent as is frequently the case. At Ottawa there were so few of the cater- pillars in cultivated peas that some experiments in spraying the plants with arsenites were rendered useless becatise neither the treated rows nor those left unsprayed as checks, showed any infestation. A plot of the Beach Pea (Latliynis maritimus, Bige- low), however, was badly infested by this insect or an allied species which worked in the same manner and destroyed nearly half the seeds. The DESTurcTivE Pea Aphis (Xcctarophora destructor, .Tnsn.), which was a most destructive enemy throughout Canada east of the prairie region during 1891) and 1900, and also attacked the clover to a less degree, has almost entirely disappeared ; only a single report of its presence was received. This was from the Island of Orleans, in the province of Quebec. Inquiry from correspondents at several places where it was abundant and destructive in 1S99 or 1900, revealed that it had disappeared as suddenly as it had come. The Graix Aphis (Siphonophora avcnrr, Fab.). — The plant-lice so often seen upon wheat, oats and rye are well known to farmers. They sometimes occur in vast numbers, but generally disappear suddenly just as the grain is beginning to change colour, as a rtile, being destroyed by their many parasitic and predaceous enemies. It is very eeldom, however, in Canada, except in restricted areas, that these insects do much harm to the crops attacked. The Grain Aphis multiplies with great rapidity and tlie insects may be found of varying colours — green, yellow, reddish, or blackish — and of all sizes, on the plants at the same time, on the stems and heads in June and on the leaves in the autumn. These plant-lice in shape are of much the same appearance, but there are frequently more species than one present. Unfortunately there are no practi- cal artificial remedies against grain plant-lice which can be applied on a large scale to fields of grain. During the past summer there have been rather more important injuries by this insect than \isual in the West — three or four slight attacks in Manitoba and two bad ones in the Territories. It is important, however, to state that these outbreaks are, as a general thing, put a stop to by natural enemies. Amongst these some of the mos^ REPORT OP TEE ENTOMOLOGIST AND BOTANIST 213 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 efficient are small active parasitic insects of the hymenopterous genus Aphidius, which fly about among the colonies of slow moving plant-lice and lay their eggs in them. Tliose hatch and the grubs feed inside their victims and destroy them. Infested plant-lice become swollen and hard, and subsequently the parasites emerge through a round hole on the back, or, others of the genus Praon coming out beneath the body, Bpin their cushion-shaped cocoons by which the dead plant-lice remain attached to the plant. In addition to these, several kinds of lady-bird beetles destroy vast num- bers, both as perfect beetles and when in the dark-coloured crocodile-like larval form. These lady-bird beetles are oval in shape, flat beneath, and on their red or yellowish rounded backs bear two or more black spots. These well known beneficial insects are Bo frequently misjudged in their friendly relations with farmers that it seems well to give the above brief description, and again to mention that they are almost invari- ably friends and should not be destroyed. The tapering slug-like larvte of the Syrphus or Hovering Flies, about half an inch in length, are also invariably present where there are plant-lice and destroy enor- mous numbers of them. ' Regina, Assa., August 22. — I send you by this post samples of grain and insects on wheat. On the farm of Mr. Bell, of Davin, green insects have appeared. When I heard of this I drove to his farm. He showed me how the insects had emeralded the canvas of his binder, but, when we went to the fields, the insects were gone. Ha showed me how they had done damage, and we got a few of the insects which I send.' — N. F. Davin. ' Ilieksvale, Assa., August 23. — I am sending you a few heads of wheat inclosed in an envelope with a green insect on them. You can see by the berry how they have affected the grain. It is something terrible the mischief they have done in my wheat fields. They are also on some of my neighbours' wheat. Please let me know what the name of the insect is and if any remedy is known, should it attack my wheat another year.' — J. J. W. Bell. * Ilieksvale, Assa., September 4. — I am sending you a parcel of wheat heads in a large envelope. As you will see, some of the heads are perfect, while others are very poor, with some good berries on the heads. There is a very small insect ; if you will take the bunch of heads and strike them on a white paper a few times, you will find plenty of the insects. I secured some of these by spreading some paste on paper and Eticking them on it, which I will inclose in this letter, also some bugs which seem to me to be hunting for and eating the insect. Xo. 1 is the small insect which you will find on wheat heads. No. 2 is the bug which appears to be eating No. 1. No. 3 is another insect which has infested my wheat fields, also my neighbours', and destroyed hundreds of acres. 1 may say that there is a lot of wheat which was attacked by No. 3 that is not worth cutting, and is not being cut. I have in patches about 30 acres, I think, which I am not going to cut. Please let me know as early as possible what these insects are and how they affect the wheat.' — J. J. W. Bell. The insects sent by Mr. Bell were : No. 1, a Phlceoihrips of an undescribed species, the characteristic marks of the presence of which were very apparent on the green chaff of the wheat heads sent. No. 2, the Thirteen-spotted Ladybird (liippodamia 13- punctata, L.), a persistent and always abundant enemy of plant-lice in the West. No. 3, the Grain Aphis, which had evidently injured the grain to a serious extent. * Ilieksvale, Assa., October 15. — Yours of the 11th September to hand in due time. I examined the standing wheat and could not find any of the insects which you call a Thrips, but I should think, if they had been on it, that they would have left it, as it was dead ripe and no substance in it for them to feed on. You seem to doubt that the grain was injured by the insect you call the Grain Aphis. To let you know how thick they were, the first day I was cutting wheat, there was a strip of grain only a few rodiS' wide in the piece infested by them, and before night my binder canvas was coloured a4 EXrERIMENTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 green, a good deep green, where the heads of wheat fell on them, and on the decks these insects were creeping around almost as thick as they could. I did not cut any more wheat for about four or five days, and then the majority of them were gone. Would burning the stubble be of any benefit ? Quite a few farmers in this section have had their wheat destroyed in the same way as mine, and some of them think it is frosted, but, instead of being blackened like frosted wheat, it is a very light colour like fall . wheat.'— J. J. W. Bell. 'Pincher Creek, Alta. — Kindly inform me what kind of a creature is incldscd in box herewith. It is found in large masses on the binder after cutting a field of oats Bowed on new breaking this spring.' — A. E. Cox. Wheat-stem iiACGOT (Meromyza americana. Fitch). — Tlie fly of the Wlicat-stem Maggot is a very common insect all across the prairies, and more or less of tlie con- spicuous ' white heads' due to the attacks of the maggots may nearly alwaj's be seen in any field of wheat. In the enormous crops of the past season these attacks were seldom noticed by wheat growers, but a few farmers sent in specimens or injured stems with inquiries as to the cause. Some of them were from Pilot Mound, in Mani- toba, and from Whitewood, Indian Head, Grenfcll and Sumner, in the North-west Territories. THE HESSIAN FLY (Cecidomyia destructor^ Say). The ravages of the Hessian Fly in the fall wheat crop of Ontario, sown in 1900 and the spring wheat of 1901, have been more extensive than for many years. Barley has also suffered seriously in a few places reported from, as well as doubtless in many others from which no reports have been re- ceived. In a bulletin issued in August last by Prof. Wm. Lochhead, of the Ontario Agricultural College— one of the most com- plete, concise and useful bulletins upon an entomological subject which has ever ap- peared in Canada — the total loss caused by _, . , . , . the Hessian Fly in the province of Ontario -The Hessian Fly— enlarged and . -,nni -n i. -i. • i * i -c n i, i natural size. ^^ 1901 will not, it is stated. Tali below $2,500,000. This estimate, I believe, is placed too low, as recent reports show that the infestation of spring wheat was much wider spread than was known at the time the above statement was written. In the Ontario Crop Report for November, 1901, the fall wheat crop is stated to be ' a good deal below the average from various causes. In the western counties the ravages of the Hessian Fly were great and much of the surviving grain was light in weight on account of the extreme heat and drought of June and July. Koports from the eastern section — which is free from the Hessian Fly — are somewhat more favoiir- able, especially as regards the Ottawa valley, and East Midland counties, where the crop was a fair one, the principal causes of injury being the excessive early rains and the drought before harvest, owing to which much of the grain is shrunken.' Although in the main the above statement as to the Ottawa valley is correct, all crops of the small amount of fall wheat which is grown in the Ottawa district, were not altogether free from the Hessian Fly, and spring wheat was very badly attacked in some places. Some varieties on the experimental plots at the Central Experimental Farm were injured to the amount of 40 per cent. No mention of Hessian Fly was made this year by cor- respondents in the Maritime Provinces, and very few reports of injury have been received from Manitoba where it was so very destructive in 1899. REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST AND BOTAXIST 235 Fig. 2.— Hessian Fly : injured wheat-stem; three pupajria — en- larged. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Among a large number of correspondents who have favour- ed me with reports upon their observations on the Hessian Fly during the past season, I am under special obligation to Mr. John C. Wallis, of Manor Farm, Ferguson (Middlesex Co.), Ont., who has kept me well posted throughout the season on the condition of the infestation. The following is a resiime of his observations which are tolerably representative of the condi- tions in the south-western counties of Ontario where much fall wheat is grown. ' December, 1900.— Wheat plants full of fly. ' January, 1901. — A mild month. Hessian Fly still to be found in plants above the ground. ' February. — A furious winter month. Heavy snow and plants well covered. ' March. — Similar to Febriiary. ' April. — Open and mild, with a very cold and dry parching east winds, which have completely killed all injured wheat plants. ' May 1. — Have had several wet days, but it is now dry. A conspicuous absence of fly, with thinned prospects for wheat. ' May 6. — Upon the snow going away, I made close examination and foimd some of the flax-seeds. I have just put the twin ploughs on some 9 acres and turned it under. There was an absence of winter-killed wheat, except of the injured plants. The fly has worked my fields and my neighbour's to the extent of cutting out four- fifths of the wheat, and, as the land is very strong, it would grow weeds, so we have Kown barley. Of course, I am quite alive to the danger of the fly getting into that. Many farmers are drilling barley across the fields with the hope of getting a mixed crop, and, if the fly should take it, we can plough it down for manure. ' June 1. — Since the beginning of May the weather has been continuously cold and damp ; the fly has made great headway. ' June 16. — Inclosed you will find a few specimens of the work of the Hessian Fly. As before stated, I found one stalk infested by no less than 55 flax-seeds. I have commonly been informed of 15 to 40. There are farmers now ploughing up their fields. There is but one outcome, namely, a suspension of wheat culture for a period, unless something unforeseen intervenes to rid us of the pest. I have made a minute examination of the growing barley, and at the time of writing have found no sign of the fly in it, nor in the rye. I notice that Prof. Lochhead recommends late sowing, but this, I believe, is no great safeguard. Late sowing renders the plants so much weaker that the fly seems to be all the more at home in their tender, juicy state. 'August 31. — I mentioned to you that I had sowed barley where I had ploughed down deeply my wheat, which was killed by Hessian Fly. This barley came along royally until it began to make the second and third leaves, when it turned yellow. Upon examination, I found it thoroughly infested. This was ploughed twice, and the land being mellow and rich, I am going to seed it down again with Ked Poole wheat, BO as to get it seeded out. On this piece I am going to depart from my early and late practice and shall sow from September 10 to 13. I know that the chances of getting a crop are against me, but I prefer to seed down with wheat, and, although I find that no remedy' is always effective against the fly, good cultivation and proper rotation are essentials. Even these, however, are no guarantees of a crop. All the grain here this year is surprisingly light and disappointing. Oats are very light indeed ; roots also have suft'ercd and are the lightest for years. Corn is now doing tolerably well and, if frost keeps oft' for a time, we may get an average crop. Altogether I have not seen Buch an extreme season in all my experience.' — J. C. Wallls. Mr. Wallis reported from time to time on the fields sown after the barley was ploughed down. He sowed at the date mentioned above (Sept. 10-13) with the soil 216 EXPERIMEI^TAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 in good condition as to moisture and very carefully prepared. The seed was thorough- ly cleaned and the wheat came up promptly. Writing on November 16, Mr. Wallis reported that there was hardly any Ilessian Fly to be found in this field, while other fields in the same locality sown on August 30 and September 1, were badly affected It may be pointed out that September 10 for the county of Middlesex, where Mr. Wallis's land is situated, is the date given in Prof. Lochhead's bulletin as the average date when v.heat may be sown there with safety. As has been frequently stated, the emergence of the adult Hessian Flies is dependent to a very large measure on the weather, considerable moisture seeming to be necessary before the flies will leave the puparia. This accounts for a somewhat wide range in the dates when the majority of the flies appear in any season. Prof. "Webster, of Ohio, who is one of the highest authorities concerning the Hessian Fly, says : — ' The dates after which sowing can be safely undertaken in the State of Ohio vary over a period of at least a month from the northern to the southern latitudes of the State, or approximately from September 10 in the north to October 10 in the south. Wheat sown after the dates mentioned or after intervening dates in intervening latitudes will germinate in normal seasons after the Hessian Fly has appeared, and be free from attack.' If a farmer who intends sowing fall wheat will watch the weather during August, he may calculate pretty well for himself when it will be safe for him to sow. As Prof. Lochhead has pointed out, ' the farmer, if he wishes to grow wheat free from the fly, must follow the season rather than the almanac ; for the best date for one season may not be the best date for another. For instance, a rainless August, such as we had in 1S09 and 1900, will retard the emergence of the fly for two weeks, but an August with a considerable rainfall during the last two weeks will bring forth the flies about September 1, to deposit their eggs ; in which case it will be quite safe to sow accord- ing to the dates given.' From the above facts it is manifest that no definite dates can be fi-xed upon for every year, but at the same time average dates of safety may be mentioned as the pro- per time for sowing fall wheat, as far as injury from the Hessian Fly is concerned. Prof. Lochhead says : — ' It seems not safe to sow, in ordinary seasons, before Sep- tember 15, in the counties bordering on Lake Erie, and the tract of land occupying the valley of the Thames. In the next row of counties, including Lambton, North Middle- Bex, Oxford, Brant, Wentworth, and those bordering on Lake Ontario, the probable safe date would be September 10, while in the counties farther north, the safe date may be placed at September 5.' The only objection to sowing late — at the end of September instead of at the end of August — is that the plants, it is claimed, have not time to make vigorous roots and tops so as to withstand the cold of severe winters. I have, however, frequently Been excellent crops which were sown late in September, and, as long as the Ilessian Fly is abundant, I have no hesitation in recommending farmers sowing fall wheat to delay this operation until the end of September. There certainly is an advantage in Bowing early, but this is not sufficient to offset the risk of losing the whole or a large percent-age of the crop from the attacks of the fly. Prof. Zavitz, ExiDcrimentalist, of the Ontario Agricultural College, has kindly favoured me with the following data : — • * Guelph, May 3. — In the average of four years' experiments in sowing wheat at different dates, we find that by sowing from August 25 to 26 we get an average yield of 44 bushels per acre ; from sowing September 2 to 3, an average of 39 -4, and from Bowing September 17 to 20, an average of 37 -3. There is, therefore, a difference oi less than 7 bushels per acre between the yield of the first and last seedings,' Parasites. — Parasites, but in small numbers, have been reared from almost every district from which we have received specimens of the Ilessian Fly this season. In no cases, however, were these parasites in such numbers as to warrant the hope that the Hessian Fly would be very much lessened in numbers next season. Nevertheless, past experience has shown that parasites may sometimes be present in sufficient num- I^FPORT OP THE EMOMOLOULST ASD B0TAM8T 217 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 bers ti) roduee inatcrially some serious outbreak-, of iiiseets Avillmut beiiis iiotiecd even by careful observers. Ih'mcdlcs. — The liabits of the Tlessian Fly and the be done to reduce the injuries by this most destructive insect enemy of our staple crop. The best remedies are : — (1) Late sowing-, preceded by trap crops sown in August and ploughed down by the middle of September ; (2) Thorough preparation of the land — Prof. AVebster lays great stress on this ; (;3) The burning over or plougliing down of stubble on fields whicli have been infested ; (4) The burning of screenings and refuse after thresliing ; {o) The use in spring of quick-acting fertilizers upon a slightlj^ injured crop. CUTWOEMS IX GKAIX. Injury to growing grain by cutworms has been comidained of mire frequently than usual. By far the widest-spread and most disastrous outbreak was in central Manitrome Henry, of Stockton, that they are likely to be as bad as last year, although yen will notice that the date is later than last year's trouble. EaTiners are asking for Paris green and I have already sent uut 50 ]X.unds by express. This is to carry on the fight against them on the plan given by Mr. Norman Criddle, and referred to in your lai»pers.-" — High M( Kellar. ' Winnipeg. June •'». — I have just received your favour of the 3rd inst., and will now report further on the grasshoppers. Tlie la:.t two weeks' of May were dry and the last week hot and dry. Everything was favourable for the grasshoppers, while wheat ur.i'iiirr or the EyTo.uoLoaisT am) hotaxist 221 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 was, )ir;ioti('al!.v siicakliig, at a stamlstill. The grasslioppcrs are later tliis year tluvn last, being' only in tho second or third stage when I saw them on Friday last ; in fact, many of them were still in the first stage, and I suppose others were not yet hatched. You could readily notiee. as yovi drove from, farm to farm, where they were doing dam- age, a strip wa.^ eatiii clean off from 3 to 10 feet wide, and somerimes a corner extended in, on a rise of grduiul, litl feel or more. Farmers told me that, where iields were ploughed last spring or early this spring, no hoppers had ai)peared. The trouble is all from stubble fields not yet ploughed. I have great symj:)athy with the farm'i'rs ; they couhl not carry out the instructions to the letter as to ploughing all stubble. You will remember that, where we w-ent together last year, and where the trouble is again this season, the farmers on that light soil summer-fallow nearly half of their land each year. Last year the harvest extended almost to snow fall on account of the wet weather, so that farmers could not possibly plough all their stubble land. This* year spring conditions were so favotirable that it was generally thought that we must be going to have a very big crop ; the farmers, accordingly, tried to put in as many acres as possible, feed for horses was scarce, and the residt is that the stubble fields are still unploughed, and their horses are poor. The only remedy I can see for clean- ing out the hoppers, if they continue to appear annually, is for farmers to curtail their farming operations, and seed down part of the present cultivated land to brome grass, so that they can handle the remaining portion before the grasshoppers hatch in the bpring. The outlook, however, is now hopeful. Rain commenced to fall in the western part of the province on Saturday, conung to Brandon on Sunday, and on to Winnij)eg by Monday night. Tuesday was wet, Wednesday cloudy and some misty rain, and to- day we had wonderful rain and a storm of rain and snow, which of course melts as it fulls. I think these conditions are general over the province. I shall anxiously watch what effect the rain h.as on the hoppors, and, as soon as the weather fairs up, I shall again visit the districts. I hope it may not be for a week or ten daj's and that this weather will finish the grasshoppers for the season. The growth of wheat and all vege- tation-will be so rapid that the grasshoppers will be lost in it. I shall be pleased to report to you from time to time about them.' — Hugh McKellar. ' Winnipeg, Jtme IT. — Although the grasshoppers are so troublesome this season, yet I do not think that any great majority of them are M. spretus. I have letters from Morden, Altona and (.^hortitz, as well as from all points where they were numer- ous last year, asking for investigation and instruction. I understand that they are very numerous at these points. My intention is, at present, to go with you on a flying trip through the whole district to all of these points, so that you may be thoroughly acquainted with the conditions that exist, and may be able to advise the Department regarding any further work which you may think advisable. No doubt some meetings will be held and addresses delivered to the farmers. Kains continue every other day, and from all parts of the province come reports of most wonderful growth of all kinds of vegetation. We have scut out over 1,000 pounds of Paris green, and I am receiving vej-y favourable reports of the success of farmers in destroying the grasshoppers." — llucai McKellar. Mr. McKellar's expectations as to the early disappearance of the grasshoppers were only partially fulfille. -Jjtail tirassiiopjM r.s, kiled hy Pari' grf-en riiixture. (From photograph by F. D. Blakeley, kindly lent by the Xor'- West Farmer.) One and a half miles south of Douglas, on the farm of Mr. Agnew, much harm was being done, and also on the land of Mr. 11. T. Sibbett, two miles further on. At this point a remarkable instance was observed of the attractive nature of horse man- ure to locusts. A manure pile outside a stable was so entirely covered with the insects that thej' could only be likened to the scales on a fish or the shingles on a roof. When disturbed they flew off like a swarm of bees. Here the first instance of the female locusts (3/. ailanis) laying their eggs was observed. A few miles further on we came to the farm of Mr. T. Fortune, where we found a fine crop of wheat, which had been saved by the use of the Paris green mixture, on land where everything had been de- stroyed last year. We next inspected crops at Aweme, where magnific-ent fields were found, all of which had been similarly saved. Mr. Cullen used the remedy regularly," and has saved his crop. The same may be said of Mr. Criddle's crops at the same place. Too much cannot be said of the commendable and disinterested zeal which has been shown by Mr. Xorman (,'riddle and his brothers in experimenting with this remedy, which has been developed and much improved from his experiments, and those of his neighbour, Mr. Vane. As a result he has saved good crops where he would, in all probability, have lost everything. Some of his neighbours are following his ex- ample with the same good result*. The only assistance he has received is just such as you have given all other farmers who have applied to you, namely a supjjly of poison. Ix-aving Treesbank at 6.30 on the morning of the 6th, we drove o miles west to some swarms, which had been previously located by Mr. ^fcKellar, and found the Rocky Mountain Locusts on Mr. Jackson's farm at B.mting, where they were injuring wheat around sloughs. Further west, at Mr. Cleo. McCluskey's farm, large numbers of the Lesser Migratory Locust were doing much harm on a sandy field. Here a few dead locusts were noticed, which had been killed by parasites (Tachina) and the Black l^lister Beetles were foun-ult to detect as the larvic burrow down somewhat into the surface of the bark and cover the cocoons with REPORT OF TEE ENTOMOLOGIST AND BOTANIST 239 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 tlic debris. The Ilazcltinc moth trap, so much advertised, has not given good results. The Ovster-stiell Bark-louse (Myfilaspis pomnrum, Boucho, = iJf. ulmi, L.) is still a persistent enemy in all parts of the country, and at- tacks many kinds of trees and shrubs. Tiie remedy is spraying when the young emerge in the first week of June in Ontario, and as late as the third weeek in June in the Maritime Provinces, with kerosene emulsion or whale-oil soap. Spraying infested trees with a wash made by dissolv- ing 1 lb. of concentrated lye in from 3 to 6 gallons of water, which is frequently recommended, has not given me satisfactory results in con- trolling tlie Oyster-shell Bark -louse. Mr. Macoun, the Horticulturist of the Central Experimental Farm, has been very successful in clearing the apple orchard at Ottawa from this troublesome pest by spraying with a lime wash and at the same time giving high cultivation to maintain the fertility of the soil and invigorate the trees. Tie sprayed the trees in autumn or early in winter with a whitewash made with one or two pounds of fresh lime to each gallon of water. As soon as the first coat had dried. Fig. 12. — a second one was applied. During the winter the lime flakes off the bark Twig infested and carries with it the scales which have previously been loosened bv this Oyster- 3^1..,^^^^ application with shell Bark louse Fig. 13. — The Fall Cankerworm ; a, egg ; b, end view of egg ; c, mass of eggs ; f, caterpillar ; c, d, seg- ments of f ; p, pupa of female — a, h, c, (1, enlarged. Caxkerworms {Anisopteryx) . — These caterpillars have been very destructive in western Ontario In 1901. Mr. George E. FLsher considers them among the worst pests of the season. Mr, Woolverton speaks of them in the same terms. Orchards have also been defoliated in Quebec and Nova Scotia. The remedies for these insects are early spray- ing, just after the blossoms have all fallen, and banding threatened trees in autumn and spring, with one of the mechanical tree protectors or with adhesive mixtures, either directly on the trees or on bands of coarse paper tacked closely and firmly around the trunk. For spraying, 1 lb. Paris green, 1 lb. fresh lime and 160 gal- lons of water will answer, and, if applied while the young caterpillars are small, will destroy them surely. The method of applying the ad- hesive mixture Is explained fully in my report for 1895. The best mixtures are (1) printers' ink, 5 lbs. and fish oil, 1 gallon, which will treat about one acre of orchard. (2) a. For cold weather, castor oil, 2 lbs., common resin, 3 lbs. h. For warm weather ca.stor oil, 2 lbs., resin, 4 lbs. Heat slowly until the rosin is all melted and apply warm. (Mr. 0. T. Springer's receipt.) Mr. George E. Fisher, of Freeman, uses prac- tically the same materials but prepares them rather dlft'erently. He sajs : ' For use against the Cankerworm in warm weather I use castor oil and resin (5 lbs. of resin and 3 lbs. of castor oil, and In cold weather, equal parts of all by weight). A lltt^.e ex- perience is necessary to determine just what proportions will suit the prevailing weather conditions, but they will vary between these limits. The rough bark should be carefully removed at a convenient height before apply- ing the mixture. The first application will not remain sticky very long, being appar- Flg. 14.— The Fall CdnKer\\orm r/, male moth ; I, temale rauuh , c, juiuts of aa- tcnna of b : <1. aljdominal segmeat of b ; — c and d, enlarged. 240 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 ently absorbed by the bark, and a second may bo necessary in about a week. This will keep fresh a good while, and is certainly a good trap for Cankerworms in either the moth or caterpillar stage. We have taken as many as 250 females on a single small plum tree. The cost of this sticky bandage and of putting it on several times amounts to a considerable sum, Avhere many trees are involved. I am thinking of trying a collar made of tar jjaper.' Tent Caterpillars (CUsiocampa). — Nearly all correspondents, except those from south-western Ontario, report a conspicuous absence during the past summer of Tent Cateridllars. Considerable harm, however, was done in the Xiagara Peninsula, and alcng the north of Lake Erie. Mr. L. Woolverton writes : ' The Forest Tent Cater- pillar is committing great ravages in orchards bordering upon woods. They come in great numbers from native trees to the orchards, and are very destructive and difficult to check.' When upon orchard trees, spraying with the ordinary- Paris green mixture is the best remedy for Tent Caterpillars, but, at the time they spread from woodlands to adjoining orchards, they are as a rule nearly full grown. In this case, mechanical tree protectors or loose bands of cotton batting will probably be the most satisfactory way of keeping them off the trees. ArPLE-TREE Borers (Chnjsoljotliris fcmorafa, Fab., and Sapcrda Candida^ Fab.). — The recognized methods of fighting these enemies of the apple-grower, are the applica- tion of washes to the trees to prevent the females from laying their eggs, and the digging out of the larvae in the autumn and spring, when indica- tions of their presence are observed. Although both of these old remedies are good ones, and in many instances all that are requiredj there are occasionally found localities where these insects are in such numbers that some other and better remedy is still a desideratum. Mr. Francis S. Wallbridge, of Belleville, Ont., has an orchard which is situated in one of these localities Fig. 15.— The Flat- where the borers seemed to defy all efforts to control them. The headed Apple-tree orchard is a voung one, has received every care, and many experi- beetle— enlarged. ments have been tried to clear it of these insects, but with little effect. It seems, therefore, necessary to try more experiments before we can claim to have a practical remedy against Apple-tree Borers. I shall be obliged if fruit-growers living in the districts infested by the San Jo.se scale will report to me whether whale-oil soap and crude petroleum, now used to a considerable extent on apple trees for the destruction of the San Jose Scale, do not also prevent attack from the Apple-tree Borers. A series of experiments has been planned with various mixtures containing carbolic acid, which will be reported on later. Fig. 15 shows the Flat- headed Apple-tree Borer (C. femorala) twice the size of nature. The Kose Chafer (Macrodactylas sulspinosiis, Fab.). — This troublesome beetle, which every year does so much harm to the flowers of grape vines and to young apples, has this year been rather abundant in the Niagara district, attacking apples and peaches. Mr. II. Gordon Ball, when sending specimens, at the end of June, wrote : ' I think that in one peach orchard they have destroyed from 15 to 20 per cent of the fruit, and this year the trees require all the ]')eaches that form to make a good crop. These beetles do not S3em to eat the leaves or anything but the fruit. A wild-grape vine along the fence Fi ic— Th ^f^emed to be alive with them. The beetles fly around the trees readily, Rose Chafer but, vriicn touched, they are more apt to fall to the ground than fly. Many —life size. ^f the jjeaches, when bitten by the beetles, fall off.' As has been fre- quently observed, the Eose Chafer is an extremely difficult insect to destroy with j>oisons, and a satisfactory remedy has long been wanted. Although verj- active during the hot hours of the day, the beetles are sluggish early in the morning, and are fond of congregating in numbers on trees upon which they feed. Many may, therefore, be EErORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST AXD BOTANIST 241 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 destroyed by beating these trees over a collecting net or an inverted umbrella, to be afterwards emptied into some vessel containing water, with a little coal oil on the surface. The beetles seem to be particularly fond of certain varieties of grapes, as for .instance the Clinton. When this is known, the usefulness of planting a few vines of this variety in a vineyard as a trap is apparent. These will act as decoys upon which the beetles will collect and from which they may be easily beaten and destroyed. The rose tree, in all of its varieties, and the blossom of the rhubard are also very attractive, md may be planted so as to draw off the attack from fruit trees. Prof. Webster has made the discovery (Proc. Ass'n Econ. Ent. 1899, p. 70) that 95 per cent of the adult beetles may be killed by spraying them with half a pound of fish-oil soap in a gallon of water. The suds must be thrown directly on to the beetles while they are clustered on the blossoms of the decoy plants, but spraying trees with the soap has no effect in keeping the beetles off afterwards. Among less known injuries to fruit crops which have been reported during the past season, mention may be made of the following : — Click Beetles (Elaieridw). — The food habits of these beetles are somewhat various. Although, as they are the perfect state of wireworms, Avhich are so destructive to all classes of vegetation, they must be considered among the worst of injurious insects, yet they have been occasionally caught in the act of feeding on plant-lice. Many kinds of Click Beetles are found on flowers, and complaints of extensive injury to apple and pear blossoms have been received concerning two species, namely, Corym- hites tarsalis, Melsh., and C. caricinus, Germ. During the past summer specimens were received from Mr. M. Young, of Gardenville, Out., of another species not previ- ously recorded as a fruit enemy, i.e., Corymhites cylindriformis, Hbst, with state- ment that they had bitten plums, apples and other fruits. Mr. C. W. ISTash, of Toronto, also forwarded specimens of the same species for name, which had been sent to him as depredators on the flowers of apples. The Blackberry Soft-scale (Lecanium Fitchii, Sign.). — A remarkable outbreak of this scale insect occurred at Trenton, Ont., ample specimens of which were sent to me by Mr. John D. Evans, who stated that about eight acres of blackberries in different orchards were covered with the scales from about a foot above the ground to the top, and that the injury was chiefly on old plantations, probably ten or twelve years old. A young plantation at some little distance was very little affected. The examination, later in the season, of the material received from Mr. Evans revealed the fact that the scale insects were severely infested by parasites : A fungus, a species of Cordyceps, two species of small lady-bird beetles, Hyperaspis proha. Say, and H. signata, Oliv., and no less than six species of hymenoptera, Encyrius fuscus, Howard, Aphycus annull- pcs, Ashm., Coccophagus flavoscuteUumj Ashm., Blastothrix sp., and Microterys sp., all m large numbers, and, as well as these, a single specimen of a very interesting minute Proctotrypid Eutochus xanthotliorax, Ashm., of which Mr. Ashmead, when kindly naming the above specimens, says : ' A Mymarid described fifteen years ago from Florida. (Can. Ent. XIX., 1887, p. 193.) This is the second specimen seen.' Nearly all of the same parasites were reared in equally large numbers by Mr. Evans from part of the same material collected at Trenton. The Plum Gall-mite (Cccidoptcs pruni. Am.). — A very unusual but rather seri- ous injury was discovered last winter by Mr. Geo. E. Fisher, at Queenston, Ont. This was due to the small mite named above. Mr. Fisher says : ' The galls are plentiful in this one orchard at Queenston. I have not noticed them anywhere else.' In June last, Mr. Carl E. Fisher, of Dulverton, Queenston, also sent specimens, reporting that it occurred only on one of his own trees, but that he had seen it frequently on Common Blue and Eed Egg plums in Queenston village. lie feared that it might become a serious disease. In Europe this mite occasionally becomes a pest of some importance. 16—16 212 EXPERLUEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 The small, sliot-like galls are produced on young twigs, usually on old trees, but they have also been observed by Dr. L. Kirchner on young and healthy plants, whose death they cavxsed. (Andrew Murray, Aptera, p. 363.) The Peach Bark-beetle (Phloeotrihiis Uminaris, Ilarr.). — This little bark-beetle although it only occurs in Canada, as far as I am aware, in the Niagara Peninsula, is thire every year the cause of much injury to peach trees. Mr. Carl E. Fisher has for sev.'ral years experimented with remedies and has kept it measurably under control. During the past season he has tried washing the trees with a strong solution of whale- oil soap, and the results are so satisfactory that I have much pleasure in making them public for the benefit of others who are troubled with this pest. Mr. Fisher writes : ' Regarding the Peach Bark-beetle, it is still a bad pest. I can see signs of it in many of the orchards throughout this section. The best remedy I have found yet is three pounds of whale-oil soap in one gallon of water, applied in the early spring, when the beetles first begin to move, and two or three times afterwards, if it is considered neces- sary from an examination of the tree during the summer. This is much easier made up than the formula I sent you some time ago. (Kept. Ent. and Bot., 1896, p. 225.) It is fully as effective, or more so, and of course will not injure the tree. Applied with a stiff scrubbing brush, the work is easily done.' THE SAX JOSE SCALE. TSffiT — ^J^^ The San Jose Scale is still a subject of enormous importance in that part of Ontario where it occurs. Fortunately, it does not exist in any other province of Canada, and during the past sea- son it has spread but little beyond its former limits, but within these a great deal of harm has been done in many orchards within the area where it has secured a footing. This insect was not detected in Ontario orchards until January, 1897, and certainly was not at that time abundant in any part of the province. All statements that the insect has been in the country for ten or more years are, as far as I can find out, mis- takes, or are founded on conjec- ture. In different localities the degree of injury to trees from this insect varies very much, but in all places, when once estab- lished, it spreads rapidly, and by the second year the trees may be coated over by the scales and rendered so unsightly as to be readily detected. Trees in this condition are always seriously injured, and, although with care- ful treatment they may be saved, it is usually questionable whether ^ this is good policy, and whe- Fig. 17.— The San Josg Scale : a, infested twig ; ther it would not be better to &, part of the same, much enlarged. , ,i , j i ^ (Cut kindly lent by the U. S. Entomologist.) CUt down the trees and replant. REPORT OF TEE EXTOMOLOGIST AXD BOTANIST 243 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Owing largely to the excellent work wliicli lias been done by Mr. George E. Fisher, the Inspector of 'oan Jose Scale for the province of Ontario, and also by Prof. F. M. Webster, in the State of Ohio, just across our borders, where the conditions are identi- cally the same with ours in Ontario, fruit-growers are at last beginning to appreciate how important a matter it is for them to take measures to control this terrible pest as soon as they become aware of its presence on their trees. The outlook at the present time, as far as the San Jose Scale is concerned, seems more hopeful than it has ever been since the first announcement of its occurrence in Canada. Every effort has been put forth by the federal and provincial governments to protect fruit-growers and others from further importations of the scale, and at the same time a great deal of work has been done in distributing information through priiated reports and bulletins, through addresses at piiblic meetings, and throiigh the agricultural i3res3, to explain to all likely to suffer from the ravages of the insect how to recognize it, what its habits are, and what can be done to keep it in check. Extensive experiments have been tried, particularly by the officials of the Ontario Government, with all the remedies which from time to time have been suggested, and, as an outcome of all the work done in Ontario and the United States, it may now be reasonably claimed that we have three practical remedies against this worst of all known fruit pests, which are, at any rate, as effective against it as many remedies which are used with satisfaction against other injujious insects. Injurious Nature of the San Jose Scale. — A vain hope which was entertained by fruit-growers in Ontario, was that all parts of Canada were too far north for the San Jose Scale to increase and spread to the injurious extent of killing trees. It was known that in the Southern States trees had been killed in two or three years. Some claimed that the scale had certainly been introduced into Canada for several years longer than was believed to be the case by entomologists, and as no trees had been found to have been killed by it, they thought that the danger from this insect had been overestimated by those who had studied it carefully, and that in Canada the scale would not kill trees outright in the same wholesale manner as it did in the Southern States. The experience of the past season, however, in many orchards which I have visited this autumn, at Niagara, St. Catharines, Chatham, and Guilds, near Blenheim, Ont., entirely disposes of any doubt on this score. Several trees were seen which had only been attacked for two or three years, but which were quite dead, and a great many more which, although they had not been actually killed outright, were so seriously injured that they were practically useless. I anticipate that very few of these will survive the winter. The kinds of trees which had been most injured were peach, plum, and pear, in the order mentioned ; even apple trees, which are known to resist the attack of this insect longer than other fruit trees, were found dead in some orchards which had been known to be infested for only two or three years. Others were found very seriously injured, many of the lower branches being quite dead. Some varieties of apples, and indeed of all other fruit, are more susceptible to injury from the San Jose Scale than other kinds are. The Rhode Island Greening seems to have small power of resistance among the best known commercial varieties of apples, and the fruit shows the presence of the scale much more conspicuously by the red blotches which are caused on the green skin, wherever they have been attacked. Among plum?, the Japanese varieties suffer most. * Of peaches, Crawfords and varieties of that type are the most susceptible. Bartlett pears are probably most affected, and Kieffers cer- tainly least.' (G. E. Fisher.) Ilapidil)! of Increase. — As an instance of the rapidity with which the San Jose Scale spreads, I may cite one large orchard, near Chatham, Ont., consisting of 70 acres, containing over 10,000 well-grown fruit trees of various kinds — apple, peach, pear and plum. This orchard has been well pruned, cultivated, sown with cover crops, and otherwise cared for. Two years ago, infested trees were detected at four or five points throuah the orchard. No efforts were made to destroy the scale, and, when I visited 16— 16i 214 EIPERIMEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 the place in November last, the insect could be found in every part of the orchard. I have no doubt but that, unless some treatment is given the trees next season, serious loss will ensue. In another orchard of 1,600 peach trees, near Xiagara, in August, 1899, seven experienced men spent six days in making a critical examination, and found only 87 slightly infested trees. In the season of 1900, this orchard bore a full crop of fruit, but the scale insect spread through the whole orchard and could be found on every tree. By the beginning of November, 1901, many of the trees were dead, and all practically so for any commercial purposes. This was a direct result of neglect, notliing having been done to rid the trees of their enemy. Many other in- stances might be given, but they all tell the same tale, that the San Jose Scale must Etill be considered, as it has always been claimed to be by entomologists, tha pest most of all to be drfiaded by fruit-growers. These latter, therefore, as a class, should do everything in their power to back up and help the Government in its wise endeavours to protect the coujitry from further importations from abroad and from allowing the insect to increase in Canadian orchards. Every one can help in this matter, for it can- not be denied that the chief reason that this pest has done so much harm as it has, is because fruit-growers themselves, from not recognizing the gravity of the case, have not helped, or even, in some instances, have opposed the steps taken by the Gov- ernments to control it, and, moreover, have not, in their own orchards, applied the remedies which the latest expsriments have proved to be the best. Bemed'ud Measures Taken. — ^It may not be amiss to recapitulate from my last annual report the restrictions under which, by the amended San Jose Scale Act, nur- eery stock maj* now be imported into Canada from countries where the San Jose Scale is known to occur. ' When it was discovered that this insect coiald be killed on nursery stock by fumigating with hydrocyanic acid gas, at the urgent request of many fruit-growers, horticultural societies, nurserymen and others, by instruction of the Minister of Agriculture, proper fumigating houses were erected in the spring of 1899 at such points on the boundarx- as it was thouglit would be most convenient to im- porters, and qualified superintendents were appointed to treat any nursery stock, trees, thrubs and other plants as might be imported through these ports, and then repack and send them on to their destination as promptly as possible. For this purpose, fumi- gating with hydrocyanic acid gas, using the formula recommended by the United States Entomologist for dormant stock, was adopted, it being the simplest effective formula, viz., one fluid ounce of commercial sulphuric acid, one ounce of refined cyan- ide of potassium (98 per cent), and three fluid ounces of water, to every 100 feet of cubic space — exposure 45 minutes. These fumigating houses were located at the customs ports of St. John, New Brunswick ; St. Johns, Quebec ; Xiagara Falls and Windsor, Ontario : Winnipeg, Manitoba ; and Vancouver, British Columbia. The whole expense of these stations was assumed by the Dominion Government, but all shipments were made entirely at the risk of the shippers or consignees, the Government assuming no risk whatever. The packages had to be addressed so as to enter Canada at one of the above-named ports of entrj', and the route by which they were to be shipped, clearly stated upon each package. ' Many horticulturists and nurserymen availed themselves largely of this conces- sion, and at every point much stock was imported from the United States and Japan. Nursery stock of all kinds can be iniported from Europe without fumigation, as the San Jose Scale has never gained a foothold in Enroi)ean countries. Certain other plants which are not liable to the attack of the San Jose Scale are also exempted from treatment under the San Jose Scale Act. These are : (1) greenhouse plants, including roses in leaf which have been propagated under glass ; (2) herbaceous perennials, in- cluding strawberry plants ; (3) herbaceous bedding plants ; (4) all conifers ; (5) bulbs and tubers ; (6) cottonwood {Populus monilifcra), gi'own in Minnesota and the Dakotas. ' The fumigating houses were kept open with a superintendent constantly in at- tendance through the seasons of spring and autumn shipments of stock. As all vege- REPORT OF TEE ENTOMOLOGIST AXD BOTAXIST ,^24S SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 tation is much earlier in Oregon and Washington States, from which most shipments are made into British Columbia, it has been arranged that for that province the fumi- gating house shall be kept open for the winter months from October 15 till March 15. For Manitoba and the eastern provinces the spring season is from March 15 till May 15, and the autumn season from October 7 till December 7.' The provisions of the federal San Jose Scale Act have been rigidly enforced and with excellent rcsidts, fc>r there has not been a single well-founded complaint of in- jury to stock, of undue delay chargeable to the fumigation or of living scales having been found on any trees in the large number of consignments of nursery stock which have been imported into Canada through the fumigation stations. The superintend- ents of the various stations are as follows : — At St. John, X. B., Mr. Herbert E. Goold ; at St. John's, Que., Mr. P. H. Dupuis ; at "Windsor, Ont., Mr. Colborne Wright ; at Niagara Tails, Ont., Mr. O. N. Garner ; at Winnipeg, Man., Mr. A. K. Leith ; and at Vancouver, B.C., Mr. Tom Wilson. Every one of these officials has shown the greatest interest in the work and, recognizing the responsibility imposed in him, has made every effort to do the work thoroughly and well. There has been some misapprehension in the province of British Columbia as to the exact object the Honourable Minister of Agriculture had in view when establish- ing the fumigating house, and it is well to state plainly that this work is being done timply and solely against the San Jose Scale. The length of the exposure to which the trees are subjected to the poisonous gas is calculated for the destruction of that insect alone. Incidentally, many other insects on the bark of the trees are destroyed ; but tliere are several, such as borers inside the wood, or insects in the egg condition, which would be little affected by the short exposure of 45 minutes, and there never was the slightest idea when the work was instituted, that these Avould be reached by this fumigation. From the publication in a British Columbian newspaper of a letter con- taining an unjust and unfair criticism of the fumigation work being done at Vancou- ver, it became necessary to publisli an explanation of this fact in the same newspaper, the Vancouver Xeics Advertiser (December 3, 1901). In this connection it is but just to draw attention to the excellent work which has been done in Canada by the provincial Government of Ontario, through Mr. George E. Fisher, the Inspector of San Jose Scale, who, since his appointment, has worked most assiduously under instructions from the Honourable John Dryden, Minister of Agri- culture for Ontario, in tracing up nursery stock imported before the enactment of the San Jose Scale Act, in inspecting nurseries and orchards, and in trying careful experi- ments with spraying pumps and nozzles, several important modifications and improve- ments of which are due to his ingenuity. Mr. Fisher has also tried every remedy which has been advised from time to time. I have had the privilege on many occa- sions of examining this work and can testify to the zeal and care wliich have been shown at all times by Mr. Fisher and his assistants. The most useful report of the Inspector of San Jose Scale for 1900, published by the Ontario Government last spring in time for use in 1901, ought to be read carefully by every one interested in fruit- growing in Ontario. There is at the present time a much more decided and intelligent interest in this subject than has been the case since the lirst appearance of the San Jose Scale in Canada. Fruit-growers have learnt by bitter experience in some cases, or they have seen in the orchards of others evidence of the capabilities of tlie San Jose Scale for destroying fruit trees and the rapidity witli which this work is accomplished. As a result many are now trying remedies, v.ho a short time ago refused to believe that there vi^as any use in them, or that any remedy was necessary. Remedies. — The great outcry to-day is for a definite remedy. After examining the results of the Ontario experiments, and those of Prof. Webster, iu Ohio, which, on account of the very similar conditions prevailing in the two areas infested, are complementary to each other, it is evident that there are three remedies, which may be called practical remedies, by which the San Jose Scale may be controlled to such an 246 EXrERIMEyTAL FARilS 1-2 EDWARD VI!., A. 1902 extent that the owner of an infested orchard may hold the scale measurably within control and that at the same time the trees can by thorough treatment every year be kept in a condition to bear paying crops of fruit. Whale-oil soap and crude petroleum, applied carefully as recommended below, will kill 90 per cent of the scales, and fumigation with hydrocyanic acid gas will, at a moderate expense, kill every scale on trees small enough to be covered by tents, barrels, boxes, or other tightly closing structures, of which the cost of manufacture and hand- ling is not so great as to make the operation impracticable. "What is possible on a few trees, will in time be done on many if it can only be shown that it is a paying opera- tion. Since experiment has shown that with the below described remedies a larger pro- portion of the insects can be destroyed than are produced naturally every year, it is only a logical conclusion that the trees will year by year become freer and freer from this most pernicious enemy. I feel sanguine that with constant treatment, such as is year after year practised for some other crop pests, even orchards infested by the San Jose Scale may before long be rendered free of that pest. But regular annual treat- ment is absolutely necessary while there are any living scales on a tree. Where in- fested trees have been neglected for only a single summer, they have quickly become coated over again with the scales so as to be almost, or quite as bad, as they were be- fore they were treated. The three remedies which have been proved to be the best in Ontario and northern Ohio are the same which were mentioned in my last report, but further experiments dur- ing the past summer have added to our knowledge, as to the best way to apply them : — 1. Whale-oil soap. — This is a trade name for a potash fish oil soap which can either be made at home or purchased from firms in Canada, who have made a specialty of manufacturing it, with only the required amount of moisture and with the proper amount of potash. Two of the brands made in the United States, which have given good satisfaction to those who have used them in Canada, are those of W. H. Owen, of Catawba Island, Ohio, and Good & Co., of Philadelphia, Pa. To be efficient, these soap washes must be made of the strength of 2 J pounds of the soap to the imperial gallon of water, and to dissolve the soap thoroughly it is necessary to use hot water ; the mixture to be applied in the form of a spray before it cools if possible. This, how- ever, is not necessary, because owing to the soap being made with an excess of potash, 10 or 12 per cent, the mixture will remain liquid when it cools, even at the above strength. The best time to spray the trees is just before the buds burst in spring. Although, as a general statement, orchards treated with this soap wash in Ohio were not so free of the scale as those which had been sprayed with a crude petroleum mix- ture, still it is a significant fact, that the two cleanest orchards of all those examined in an area of 35 miles across, which had been at one time infested and had been sub- sequently in a certain measure cleaned up, had been brought to their present good condition by the use of whale-oil soap. ISTo very bad trees could be found in those orchards, and it was only with difficulty that any scales could be seen. Por peach trees this remedy is decidedly the safest to use. Its only drawback is the cost of the material. In large quantities it can be purchased or made for about oh cents a pound, and, of the strength above advised, it would require one and a half gallons of mixture containing 3^ pounds of soap to an average-sized full grown peach tree, making about 12 cents for material for each tree. The great advantage is that there is no danger of injuring the trees, and, further than this, the amount of potash in the soap makes it a decidedly beneficial application for the trees. There is good evidence that whale- oil soap is an excellent remedy for the fungous disease known as the Peach Curl {Exoascns deformans, Tul.) which for many years has caused much loss in Ontario peach orchards. It is also useful against many other insects than the San Jose Scale, particularly several kinds of scale insects, the Pear Psylla and others, which pass the winter hidden beneath scales of the bark of fruit trees. 2. Crude petroleum, where it has been thoroughly applied, has had a decidedly quicker and more fatal effect upon the scale insects than the whale-oil soap, but it is REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST AND BOTAXIST 247 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 also very much more liable to injure the trees treated. Crude petroleum may with care be applied to healthy peach trees in a mechanical mixture with water containing 20 to 25 per cent of the oil ; but, when using this mixture, it is rather ditHcult even with the best pumps made for the purpose to keep the percentage of oil constant, and, if applied carelessly by reckless, inexperienced or inattentive men, there is great risk of the trees being killed. When recently examining the results of the experiments made with crude oil on Catawba Island, Ohio, and also in Ontario, the benefit of special training of opsrators in this kind of work was very apparent. Where orchards had been carefully and skilfully sprayed, excellent results had followed. This was par- ticularly the case where the work had been done by the trained Government officials, but, besides this, where good practical fruit-growers had carried out instructions care- fully, the trees had been protected and paying crops had been gathered. The advan- tage of experience was also conspicuous in some of these orchards, the owners acknowl- edging that, although they thought they had done good work the first year, they could easily see that the second year's work was far better, and they believed that they would be able to do more thorough work next year and secure better results. Where trees, as was the case in some places, had been treated in an indifferent or perfunctory man- ner, very little good had been done, even although considerable expense had been in- ci^rred. Spraying for the San Jose Scale, to be effective, must be done with the greatest care as to every detail, and with great thoroughness, so that every part of the tree is reached with the material sprayed. I found that one of the most fertile causes of imperfect work was the difficulty of reaching the whole of a tree with the mist-like spray in which it is necessary to distribute the liquids. This work is facili- tated very much by a wind which will help to carry the spray through the branches. Unfortunately, a change of the wind favourable for spraying both sides of the trees seldom occurs in the same day, or within a short spice of time. Several fruit-growers had sprayed one side of their trees, but as there had been no favourable wind for the other side, only half of each tree had been treated. The good effect of the crude oil was remarkably apparent on some of these trees which had been only lightly infested in the spring. The side which showed on the bark the residue of vaseline left after the volatile parts had evaporated, was free of living scales, while on the other side of the same branch there was a thick coating of healthy scales reaching right up to the oily surface. Crude petroleum is a very effective and cheap remedy, but great care must be exercised in using it. During the summer of 1901 the experiments with this substance have been ear- nestly watched by fruit-growers, and several have themselves experimented with it. Much good work has been done on peach trees with a 15 per cent mixture, and no cases of injury are recorded. As an outcome of this work, there will doubtless be a much more extensive use of crude petroleum oil next year. It is to be feared that the good resvilts obtained in destroying a large proportion of the scales without injury to the trees with 15 per cent and 20 per cent mixtures may, next season, possibly give rise to a reckless or careless spirit when spraying orchards so as to get quicker and more decided results. This is a real danger and. it seems most desirable to advise caution, or there may be considerable loss from trees being sprayed with too much oil. Fruit- growers must bear in mind that the application of remedies for such a persistent enemy as the San Jose Scale is no easy matter which can be attended to by an un- trained man, unless the greatest care is exercised. From what I have seen of the work, I judge that the heavy oils are the safest and the most effective. Prof. J. B. Smith, of New Jersey, says : — ' It is a fair reqnirement that a straight crude petroleum should have a specific gravity of 43° or over by the Beaume oil test, at a temperature of 60'' Fahr. ; anything less might be harmful ; anything more than 45° is unnecessary.' When the heavy oils have been used, the deposit of vaseline on the bark remains for a long time and without injuring the trees renders the bark unsuitable for the scales to fix themselves. The oils which have been used for the most part in Ontario are Cana- dian oils which Mr. Fisher tells me test 39-10° to 39°, Beaume. Upon peach trees 248 EXPERIMEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 crude oil should not be used in a higher percentage than 20 per cent. The safe limit for plums and pears seems to be 25 per cent, and for apples 30 per cent may be used. For peach trees, Mr. Fisher believes that not more than one quart of crude oil, costing two or three cents, should be applied to each average-sized peach tree, whether this be applied undiluted by means of a very tine specially prepared nozzle or in a mechanical mixture. The only purpose of the water in such a mixture is to act as a vehicle for the oil by which it may be distributed over a wider area as a very thin film. The water evaporates almost immediately and leaves the oil on the trees. For this reason it is important not to go over the same part of the tree twice as has sometimes been done with ill effects by thoughtless operators. ' Freeman, Ont. — The specific gravity of the Canada crude oil used against the scale was 39 J ° to 39°, and that of the Pennsylvania crude oil was 44^°. The Canada oil killed the scale and protected the trees from re-infestation better than the American oil, but was also slightly more trying to the peach trees. Japan plums were not in- jured by 25 per cent Canada oil with water, and in one instance two applications were made, the second two days after the first. The only case of injury that has come to my notice from the use of crude oil on plum trees was when it w^as used undiluted, and in this case Japans and the Egg varieties alone suffered.' — George E. Fisher. 3. Fumigation. — Undoubtedly the most effective remedy for small trees or bushes is fumigation with hydrocyanic acid gas which will destroy everj-- living scale without injury to the plant. For small trees this has proved most useful, but for large trees the necessary tents and apparatus are expensive, easily injured, and handled with diffi- culty, particularly when there is a wind blowing. There are also difficulties which are yet to be overcome in the way of getting the gas equally diffused beneath large tents. Mr. George E. Fisher has done good work by using inverted tight barrels as gas cham- bers for fumigating bushes and small trees. These were ordinary tight apple barrels each of which contained 4^ cubic feet of space and for which 1^ gi-ammes of cyanide of potassium, 2 grammes of sulphuric acid, and 3 grammes of water were used to generate the necessary gas. In a few instances double quantities were used without any injury to the trees. Larger trees were covered with tents. Mr. Fisher says : — • ' We used cyanide 20-100 and 2.J-100 of a gramme to the cubic foot of space inclosed, mostly 25-100, though I think that 20-100 did just as effective work in September as did 25-100. The 20-100 was exposed 35 minutes and apparently killed all of the scale. Most of the trees treated with 25-100 were exposed 45 minutes without injury and 20-100 killed the scale at 35 minutes in September. I still think there is a lot in the time of year this work is done. Prof. Lowe, of Geneva, Xew York, says he used cyan- ide in various strengths from last December to June, 18-100, 25-100 and 30-100. The 25-100 had no effect in killing the scale during low temperatures, and 30-100 used at the same time killed it all — exposure in both cases 45 minutes. In June 18-100, ex- posure 30 minutes, killed all of the scale. This bears out my contention that the scale is much more susceptible to the gas treatment when it is active than wlicn dormant. It also goes to show that a stronger gas will kill it in very cold weather, which I have doubted, but which I shall take some pains to prove this winter.' In practice it may be found convenient not to trust solely to any one of the above remedies, but to use a combination of two or more, in accordance with the difficulties w-hich in treating any orchard may arise from many causes, dependent upon the local- ity, the size of the trees, or the facilities for obtaining materials. Fur small trees fumigation will probably be found most convenient and for large ones spraying with "Whale-oil Soap or Crude Petroleum after the trees have been pruned of all unnecessary wood. When judging the conditions of trees which have been infested by scale, or which have been treated for its eradication, it is necessary to consider, first, what the condi- tion of the trees is at the time, and also what state, judging from surrounding trees, they would have been in if nothing had been done to relieve them. It is not always nhPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST AXD BOTAXIST 249 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 easy to detect at first sight -when a tree is in a reJuced state of vigour, and hidden injury may sometimes be going on in an apparently healthy tree. In estimating the effects of a remedial measure upon a tree which fails suddenly, a close examination should always be made to see if this may not have been due to some other cause. There are many insidious insect and fungous enemies of fruit trees, such as the various wood and bark borers and root-attacking enemies. As is well known, the brush pile, contain- ing much more than the annual prunings, is a conspicuous object on all fruit farms. Dead trees — dead from various causes — are often found in all orchards, necessitating frequent renewals. Moreover, there is always a tendency to try experiments which are considered dangerous, upon trees which are injured or thought to be of little use. If these die while under treatment, care must be taken to attribute the loss to the right cause, and not unjustly to charge all losses to the remedy. There are certain indica- tions of impaired vigour which may be recognized at sight by an observant investigator, while others, again, are more obsciu-e. In Ohio oi'chards. Prof. Webster pointed out to me — and Prof. Forbes tells me that he has noticed the same thing in Illinois — that, when a tree is from any cause in an enfeebled condition, this may be frequently detected by the vrell-known evidence of the presence of the Fruit Bark-beetle (Scolyius rugulosus, Ratz.), which burrows into the bark and causes gum to exude at the open- ings of the galleries. This beetle, it is thought, does not attack perfectly healthy tre.s, but, nevertheless, its work is frequently conspicuous on trees which as yet have not shown any evidence, by the foliage and general appearance, that they are sickly. While discussing this matter recently in an Ohio orchard with the two gentlemen above named, we found an apparently healthy peach tree, which had green leaves and was bearing fruit, but the trunk and limbs were dotted with the gummy exudations which mark the work of the Fruit Bark-beetle. Upon digging around the roots of this tree, it was found that the greater portion of the root growth was dead. This accounted for the presence of the Fruit Bark-beetle on this apparently healthy tree. Both the Peach Bark-beetle (Phlocotribus liminaris, Flarr.) and the Shot-hole Borer {Xylelorus dispar^ Fab.) have likewise been wrongly charged with being the cause of fungous diseases, because they have been found abundantly upon trees only showing slight traces, or as yet none at all, of the diseases. The former of these has been thought to be the cause of the ' yellows ' in the peach, and the latter has similarly been written about under the title of the Pear-blight Beetle. Mr. G. E. Fisher drew my attention to a characteristic growth easily recognized on peach and other trees badly affected with the San Jose Scale, in which the tree, as an effort to save itself, throws out strong Avater-shoots at the base of the larger branches. This is so frequent that he has styled it the ' trade mark of the scale.' It was very apparent in one orchard of seriously injured apple trees which we visited together, near Blenheim. THE GE APE-VINE COLASPIS (CoJaspis hrunnea, Fab.). jiffacl-. — Small pale yellowish beetles about one-fifth of an inch long, with ele- vated lines on the wing covers, swarming on grape vines in July, August, and Sep- tember, feeding on the foliage, riddling it with small round holes, \ / sometimes leaving little more than the veins of the leaves. During the past summer the first recorded occurrence in Can- ada of this insect doing damage was reported as follows : — ' Queenston, Out., ^uly 15.— I send, you three small enemies and a grape leaf. For three years I have been troubled M'ith them. They appear in July and are on the increase until early September, when they suddenly disappear. In 1S99 I had three acres of young ^vinl*~C(JlLS[s- " f^i"«P.) On branches of trees in the apiary inclosure ; (c.) On shelves in a work-shop to which bees had access through an open window. Every care was taken that all the fruit used in this experiment should be per- fectly sound. A. — Fruit exposed inside bee hives. The fruit was exposed in three different conditions : (1.) Whole fruit without any treatment ; (2.) Whole fruit which had been dipped in honey ; (3.) Fruit which had been punctured in several places with the blade of a penknife. Four colonies were selected for this experiment, all of about equal strength. Each of these colonies was in a hive upon which was placed a super divided in the mid- dle by a partition. From two of the hives the honey had all been removed, in the two remaining hives five frames were left, each having considerable brood, with honey around it. The former two at the beginning weighed on an average 27 pounds, the latter two 34J pounds. In each one of the fovir hives, the whole specimens of fruit not dipped in honey were hung within three empty frames, tied together as a rack ; the whole specimens of fruit dipped in honey were placed in one compartment of the sviper and the punctured specimens were placed in the other. The bees began to work at once both upon the dipped and the punctured fruit ; the former was cleaned thoroughly of honey during. the first night ; upon the punc- tir ed fruit the bees clustered thickly, suckiug the juice through the punctures as long as they could obtain any liquid. At the end of seven days all the fruit was carefully examined. The sound fruit was still uninjured in any way, but had the surface polished and shining as if the bees had been travelling over it trying to find some opening through the skin. The dipped fruit was in a like condition, quite sound, but every vestige of the honey had dis- appeared. The punctured fruit was badly mutilated and worthless, beneath each punc- ture was a cavity and in some instances decay had set in. The experiment was continued the following week, the undipped sound fruit being left in the brood chamber ; the dipped fruit was given a new coating of honey and replaced in the super, and a fresh supply of punctured fruit was substituted for that which had been destroyed. At the end of the second week, the condition of this fruit was entirely similar to that of the first lot. For the third week fresh samples of fruit of all the above kinds were used, be- cause some of the sound fruit had begun to decay ; this fruit, however, had the skin unbroken, and in no case had the bees done any damage. The results were the same as before. After the third week the bees belonging to the two hives which had been deprived of all the honey appeared to be very sluggish, and there were many dead bees about the entrances of the hives. These colonies had lived for the first three weeks on the punc- tured fruit, and on the honey off the fruit which had been dipped.. As there were at that season few plants in flower from which they could gather nectar, these bees had died of starvation notwithstanding the proximity of the ripe, juicy fruit. This supply of food, which they were urgently in need of, was only separated from them by the Hiin skin of the fruit, which, however, this evidence seems to prove they could not 256 EXPERIMEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 puncture, as they did not do so, although they kept crawling over it continuously. The mean weight of each of these two hives on the 7th September, when the ex- periment was begun, was 27 pounds. At the end of the experiment, four weelis later, each had lost 3^ pounds. The mean weight of the two hives in each of which were left five frames with brood and honey, w^as at the beginning of the experiment, 34J pounds. The mean loss for each of these hives was 2^ pounds. B. — Fruit exposed in the open air, hung from the branches of a tree in the apiary inclosure. In this exi^crimcnt two sets of whole fruit were used, one being dipped in honey, the other i^unctured as before. The bees worked exactly as in the hives and with the same results. C. — Fruit exposed on shelves in a workshop, adjoining the honey-house. This, like the preceding experiment, consisted of dipped fruit and punctured fruit. Although the bees did not work so freely inside this building as they did on the fruit hung outside on the trees, and that in the hives, still the results were practically the same in every case. '^ Answers to Correspondents. Question 1. — One of my hives is full of webs and grubs. "\Miat is the remedy ? Answer. — The grubs are the caterpillars of the Bee Moth (Galleria mellonella, L.), more properly called the "Wax Aloth, the most troublesome of the enemies of the bee-keeper. Fig. 19 shows it in its different stages. The full grown caterpillars or ' grubs ' shown at 19a, natural size, are very ac- tive, of a dirty white col- our, when full grown about an inch in length. They sometimes occur in large numbers in neglected hives, and eat long galleries through the comb, feeding on the wax and the bee bread in the cells, destroying also any young bees that come in their way, and finally driving the colony from the hive. The eggs of the Wax Moth are very small, oval, glistening white at first, but assume a pink colour before hatching. They are inserted by the mother moth into any crack or crevice in or about the hive, bj' means of a long tube-like ovipositor. As soon as the young caterpillars hatch they begin to spin, as a protection, a silken tube in which they live during their whole larval life. This tube is enlarged and extended as they progress. When full grown they leave these tubes and creep into a crevice or corner, generally near the bottom of the hive, where they spin a tough cocoon (Fig. 19fc) of white silk mixed with pellets of black excrement. The pupa (Fig. 19c) may be found inside the cocoon. The perfect insect is figured of natural size, a female with wings expanded, at d, and a male at rest at e. There are normally two broods of this moth in the season, the first appearing in May and the second, usually much more numerous, in August. In infested combs brought into a heated office for study, the moths ap- peared at the end of March and through April well into May. The moths are of vari- ous tints of dusky gray and differ a good deal, some being much lighter in colour than others, and some specimens of both sexes being of a more ruddy brown. They are not easily seen when at rest, as in colour they resemble very closely old weathered wood, a resemblance which is heightened by numerous dark spots on the wings. The pec\iliar shape of the w-ings, as is shown in the figure above, will easily enable any one to iden- tify this insect. The moths are about three-quarters of an inch long, asd when at Fig. 19.- coon ; -The Wax Moth d, female moth a, caterpillar ; h, co- c, male moth at rest. REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST AND BOTANIST 257 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 ivst the wings arc folded so as to leave a narrow ilat space at the top, and then slope downwards abruptly. When disturbed they run with great rapidity and slip quickly beneath any available shelter. They fly with ease and enter bee hives about dusk for the purpose of laying their eggs. The indications of the presence of the Wax Moth grubs in a hive are well known to most bee-keepers. If tlie little black pellets of excrement, like small grains of gun- powder mixed vrith bee-bread or broken cappings, are at any time noticed on the bottom board around the entrance, the hive should at once be carefully examined, and steps taken to remove any caterpillars that may be found. If attended to promptly while the grubs are few in ninnber, this is an easy matter, but if they are neglected and allowed to increase, as they will very rapidly in the spring, much destruction will be wrought in a surprisingly short time. When a grub is detected, it should be picked out with a knife or other sharp instrument (a pair of fine but stiff tweezers will be very conveni- ent) and crushed. There will, of course, be some injury to the comb, but this the bees will soon repair. When the grubs occur only in small numbers, the bees will, as a rule, if the colony be of proper strength, keep them down themselves. Italian bees are rare- ly injured by moths. The wide-awake bee-keeper will 'also provide against weak and queenless colonies, which from their enfeebled condition are the surest victims to moth invasion. Xo bees cither Italian or Black will be troubled so long as the combs are covered with bees. If through carelessness a colony has become thoroughly vic- timized by these wax devourers, the bees and any combs not attacked should be trans- ferred to another hive, after which the old hive should be fumigated with sulphur, then by giving one or two of each of the remaining combs to strong colonies, after killing any pupae that may be on them, they will be cleaned and used ; while by giv- ing the weak colony brood and, if necessary, a good queen, it will soon recover. The following experiment was carried out. Two hives which had been deserted by their swarms in the autumn, were left in the bee yard until the bees were taken into the cellar for the winter; both hives were full of empty combs and had many evidences of the presence of the Wax ]\[oth grubs. One of these hives showed more injury than the other. The one which had the most grubs was closed up tightly and was left in the house apiary for the winter, where it was exposed to the winter frosts to destroy the grubs. It was examined at different times and was kept in the same place until the swarming season the next year, when, as all the grubs of the Wax Moth were killed, it was given to a new swarm, and was as good as if there had never been a grub in it. The other hive, which at first showed the least symptoms of injury by the Wax Moth, was kept in the bee cellar where the temperature would average about 45 degrees dur- ing the winter. This hive was also tightly closed at the top and bottom like the for- mer, so that no moth could either get in or out. In the spring, when carried out at the time the bees were set out, it was found to contain hundreds of grubs and winged moths. The comb had been entirely destroyed and was bound together into a solid mass by the webs. From this experiment and others (See Report Entomologist and Botanist, 1895, p. 174-177), it is clear that freezing is a good method to keep down the Wax Moth in all localities where the thermometer drops to zero (Fahr.) during the winter. All empty combs should during the winter be suspended from strands of wire stretched across a dry shed, so that they will be safe from mice, but at the same time exposed to the full intensity of the winter cold. During the summer while not in use all empty combs should be kept in a dark cellar and examined at short intervals. Quesiion 2. — How should bees be packed for shipping in hot weather ? Answer. — During hot weather great care must be exercised that bees are not smothered or their combs melted, by the great heat wliich is generated inside tha hive when insufficient ventilation is provided during transit. To ship long distances it is iier-essary to remove both the top and bottom boards of liives and cover both the top and bottom with fine wire cloth. The covers must be put back again as a protection, IG— 17 258 EXrEIilMEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 but over, and raised from, the wire cloth, which must be carefully' tacked over the two ends of the brood chamber. The boards are supported at each corner on blocks one inch by one inch, and about two inches long, with a single screw through each to hold it in its place. The wooden covers which are supported by the blocks are also made fast by screws. The entrance must be covered with wire cloth. For short dis- tances the bottom board may be left undisturbed. It is almost absolutely necessary that combs should be wired, or at least that they be old and tough and securely at- tached to the bottom bar. It is always risky, however, to ship combs when not wired, for it is impossible to tell what sort of rough usage the package may receive at the hands of express agents. The bees buzzing around the wire cloth are usually sufHeiont to guarantee gentle handling, but, as many people do not know how to handle and take care of bees, plain instructions should be placed on each hive. Question 3. — Is it safe to move bees from one part of the apiary to another ? Answer. — A great many mishaps have come about from moving bees nnwisely. A little thought in regard to the habits of bees will save this. Bees fly from their hives, when looking for honey, one or two miles, but seldom farther than that, unless at a time of great scarcity of pasturage. After a bee has once learnt the location of its hive, it never stops to take the points when leaving the hive, as it does the first time it sallies out in a new locality. The consequence is, if a hive has been moved either by night or by day, bees will when returning with honey fly straight to the old location, and, if on reaching that they find the hive is gone, they are helplessly lost and, even though the hive may be only a few rods away, they will not find it. Whenever hives are moved even short distances during the working season, there is always, as a conse- quence, a loss of some of the bees. Italian bees, as a general thing, make themselves at home in a new location more readily than the Black bees, and stick more tenaciously to their home and brood. Sometimes shaking the bees down in front of the hive and letting them run into it again, like a natural swarm, will be suflicient to make them stick to a new locality. Another plan, which has been tried successfully, is to take the hive away for an hour or two until they get really frightened at the loss of their home. They will then all go in eagerly as soon as the hive is brought back to them again. In this case they seem so glad to get their old home again that they will stay in it wlierever it is placed. Sometimes when it has been necessary to move a colony, we have succeeded by first moving the hive to its new location, then placing an empty hive with a- comb in it on the old stand for the returning bees to cluster on, because many of them, after leaving the hive in its new location, will not be able to find their way back to it again and will go back to the old stand. These must be taken back to their new location and shaken out close in front of the hive just before dark. The best plan to follow, when it is necessary to move colonies, is to place a piece of board, or hang an old sack over the front of the hive, so that the bees, when they come out, will recognize that there is a striking change in their surroundings and will circle round and round the hive to take their bearings. These obstructions may be removed after one day, and no further trouble will be experienced. Question .!/. — I have a great many sections half full ; can I mix honey, sugar and water and let the bees finish them ? If so, what proportion of each would be best { Answer. — Do not think for one minute of using even the smallest proportion of sugar to finish sections. If you want to feed to have sections finished, use diluted honey, but very few bee-keepers have been able to make it pay. It is better to sell at a reduced price sections that are not finished and let the bees empty out any that are less than half full. Pile up. out of doors, supers of sections you want bees to empty. and allow entrance for only one or two bees at a time. If you allow a larger entrance. the bees will tear the comb to pieces. Sections partly filled may also be fed to weak colonies or those colonies which have not suflicient stores for winter in the following REPORT OF THE EX TO MO LOG 1ST AND BOTANIST 259 vSESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 luauner : First, place a propolis (|uilt over the brood, turn hack one corner for an open- ing, place a super full of one-half tilled sections above, uncap all parts of the sections that are not already uncapped, and the bees will very soon empty them and take the honey into their brood chamber. The emptied sections may then be taken off and put away for future use. A good plan to dispose of partly filled sections is to cnt each one into small pieces, say two or three, according to amount in them, and sell them at ex- hibitions, &c. JOIIX FiXTER. DIVISION OF BOT_A.NY MAPLE SEED BLIGHT (Fiisariitm, sp.). During the past summer a serious enemy to the Ash-leaved Maple (Xe(/inuIo aceroides, Mcencli) appeared at Indian Head and in the surrounding district. An ac- count of this outbreak was reported to me by Mr. George Batho, of the Nor -West Farmer, and, when Dr. Saunders was making his annual visit of inspection at In- dian Head, specimens were collected and sent to Ottawa. Material was, at the same time, sent to Mr. Galloway, of the Department of Agriculture, Washington, who re- ports upon it as follows : ' The maple seeds are thoroughly infested with a fungus resembling Fusarium. This fungus is undoubtedly the cause of the failure of the seeds to fdl. It is very difficult to combat diseases of this kind on such large trees as the maple. The spores of the fungus are very abundant at present on the seeds, and. undoubtedly nuich might be done to prevent a recurrence of this trouble by gathering the diseased seeds and burning them. If possible, the trees should be sprayed with some good fungicide like Bordeaux mixture. It would be best to do the spraying nexl' season, beginning early and repeating the applications at intervals of about two weeks until the danger is over. It is possible that it would not be practicable to spray, in which case very little can be done except to gather the diseased seeds and burn tliem.' Dr. Saunders foiuid the seeds on maples similarly injured in the vicinity of Re- gina, and as far as Pense. On reaching Medicine Hat, however, the seed on the trees was found to be perfectly healthy. The importance of the Ash-leaved Maple as a shade tree, in the West can hardly be over-estimated, and millions of young trees are every year being grown from the seed. Should this disease which has the effect of destroying the kernel of the seed before it fills out, continue, it will be necessary for those wishing to grow young trees from the seed to obtain the seed from some other locality. The disease is, I believe, a temporary outbreak, aud hardly likely to last for any great length of time. There is no record of seeds having been similarly affected in previous years. When trees are affected with this disease the seeds begin to show the injury by the edges of the wing becoming bleached and spotted, and the seeds fail to fill. There was very little indication of this injury to maple seeds when I was at Indian Head in the beginning of July, but it was very noticeable by the middle of August. Mr, D. G. Mackay, who has charge of the forestry plantations at the Experimental Farm at Indian Head, estimates the loss at 90 per cent of the whole crop of seeds. This is a serious loss, as every year large quantities of this seed are collected for distribution to those who wish to plant them. THE POPLAR RUST [^Melampsora popuUna, (Jacq.) Lev.]. In travelling through the Xorth-west Territories last summer I found tlie Aspen Poplar (Popitlus tremuloides, Mx.) very badly affected by the fungous disease, known IG— I7i 260 EXPERIMEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 as tlie Poplar Rust \_Mehunpsora populina, (Jacq.) Lev.], kindlj- identified by Prof. L. E. Jones, of Vermont. Manj' apparently healthy trees were remarked in the month of July to have very small and sparse foliage at the tips of the uppermost branches. Subsequently these dropped their leaves and the foliage of many trees became yellow. Later the rust developed conspicuously on the lower parts of Aspen trees, over a wide area of territory. Mr. Geo. Batho, of the Xor'-West Farmer, who is very observant of everything affecting crops of all kinds, sent me specimens of diseased foliage in Augaist last, sta- ting that the rust had been exceedingly destructive to foliage of both poplars and birches all through northern Alberta, the trees in many places being much disfigured and stripped of their leaves. The fungus on the birch foliage proved to be Melamp- sora hetulina, (P.) Tid. Both the Aspen and the Birch referred to (Betnla occiden- talis. Hook.) are indigenous in the Xorth-west and are highly valued for planting as ornamental trees on account of their compact growth and beautiful intense green foli- age. In the arid country of the interior of British Columbia the beauty of the Aspen is very striking, and, with the sturdy handsome Bull Pine (Pinus ponderosa, Dougl.), forms one of the characteristic features of this part of the Dominion. The disease was not observed west of the main chain of the Rockies, but was very apparent in northern Alberta, and was exceedingly destrvictive to the foliage of the Cottonwood (Popuhis monilifera. Ait.) at Brandon, Man. One row of young trees of this poplar had been so severely attacked for two years running that most of the trees were dead or in a moribund condition when Dr. Saunders visited the Experimental Farm at Brandon in August. Specimens were sent off by him to my address in Ottawa, but knowing that I was then absent in British Columbia, he sent specimens also to Mr. Galloway, the Chief of the Bureau of Plant Industry at Washington, which were re- ported upon by Mr. A. P. Woods, the Pathologist and Physiologist : — 'I have borne in mind your request for information rehitive to rust of Popuhis monilifera, and take pleasure in supplying the following data, furnished bj^ our My- cologist, Mrs. F. W. Patterson : ' The disease is caused by the fungus ^lelampsora populina (Jacq.) Lev., and occurs on various species of Populus in this country and in Europe. The uredospores and teleutospores are found on the same leaves, the former causing the yellowing and early fall of the leaves and the latter hibernating on the fallen leaves. The oseidial stage has not been determined with absolute certainty, but Rostrup demonstrated by experi- ments that the teleutospores of Melampsora tremulce, Tul., which is now thought to be synonymous with M. populina on Populus tremula, germinate on the leaves and shoots of young pines, giving origin to Ca^oma pinitorquum. The secidiospores from the pine in turn produce the uredosporic and teleutosporic stages on the poplar leaves. Ilartig also proved that the same Melampsora causes Cceoma la r ids on the needles of the larch. These experiments, however, were made entirely upon foreign trees, and, so far as our knowledge goes, cultures of spores of J/, populina and infection experiments with them in this country have been entire failures. ' The Hatch Agricultural Experiment Station, Amherst. Massachusetts, has been conducting experiments with fungicides on Popuhis nigra for several years, with a view of preventing or controlling the disease. In the section in which the Hatch Sta- tion is located, the fungus appears during the hot, moist weather of July and Aug /-it, and, when abundant and appearing at the earlier date mentioned, it kills many of the branches, and the leaves become yellow and fall to the ground. ' The uredo, or summer spores, are formed while the leaves are still on the tree, and are soon scattered by the wind, causing the infection to spread with great rapidity. Spores develop on the fallen leaves, and these spores, which are capable of living over winter, upon coming into contact with new leaves in the spring or summer set up new infection. REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST AND BOTANIST 261 SESSIONAL PAPER No- 16 ' It is said that by the use of Bordeaux mixture tlie trees have been kept in a per- fectly healthy condition. In the experiment four applications of the fungicide were made, two in July and two in August. You could doubtless secure copies of the several bulletins relating to the disease by applying to the Director of the Hatch Statioji. Account of the poplar rust as it occurs in Europe, is given in Hartig's Diseases of Trees, Tubeuf and 'SmitlTs Diseases of Plants, and Geo. Massee's Text Book of Plant Diseases. 'We have in our herbarium specimens of affected Popidas moitilifcra collected in Dakota, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Massachusetts, Montana and Xebraska.' In view of the large number of cottonwoods which have been imported into Mani- toba and the ISTorth-west Territories for planting groves, it is important that all infor- mation possible should be given concerning this disease, which may at any time de- velop under favourable climatic conditions and do much harm. ]\Iost of the young trees used by planters in the West are imported from Minnesota and Dakota as seed.- lings, which arc collected in large numbers from river banks when one year old. Dr. Saunders noticed particularly that none of the varieties of poplars which had been imported from Russia had so far developed the Poplar Rust. If they should continue to show this immunity, their importance will be very much increased for the West, v;here already they are highly valued for their rapid and luxuriant growth. Mr. S. A. Bedford, reporting at"~the end of the season on this matter, says : — ' The rust was very bad indeed on our cottonwoods on the side hill just east of the house. The trees were four or five years old, made excellent growth and were very thrifty in former years, but this year they were one mass of rust. The cottonwoods by the creek side in the valley were apparently free from rust. I noticed a small amount on the native Aspen Poplar, but nothing very serious. So far the Russian Poplar has done exceedingly well with us here and is a better tree in every respect than the cottonwood, except perhaps when the latter is on wet land or on the side of a creek.' Mr. D. G. Mackay writes that the cottonwood and Russian Poplars were quite free of rust at Indian Head, and were this year of particular beauty. FODDER PLAXTS. AwxLESs Brome Grass, Ever since the institution of the Experimental Farms a constant effort has been made to foster the cultivation of the Awnless Brome Grass (Bromus inermis, L.) in the more or less arid districts o^ the West. The success which has attended this effort is. most gratifying. Thousands of acres of valuable hay and pasture are now being cultivated where but for this grass there would be nothing but exhausted prairie. Knowing that an actual instance is of far more value than much argument, I have requested Mr. C. W. Peterson, the Deputy Commissioner of Agriculture for the X^orth- west Territories, to give me an account of an experiment he tried with this grass. He is so well known and his farm being accessible to so many, his letter will do much, I feel sure, to prove the great value of this grass for the West for hay and pasture, and as a seed crop. ' Regina, Xovember 1.5. 1901. — I am in receipt of your letter of the 16th ultimo, in which you ask for certain information respecting the crop of brome grass on my farm at Galgary. As you are aware, on irrigated farms in the Calgary district, the culti- vated hay crops are entirely limited to timothy, for the simple reason, that you cannot dispose of brome hay in the Kootcnay district. This fact, I attribute entirely to ignor- 262 EXPERIMEy'TAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 ance on the subject and fcc-1 certain that if a few car-loads of brome hay were pressed and sent in there on trial, a market would soon be created for it. I have a knoll on my irrigated land which cannot be reached by gravity and I, therefore, decided to seed it down with grass sviitable for arid districts and picked on brome. This patch covers about eight acres, or a little less. The land was seeded down in 1897, I have forgotten just now the exact quantity of seed I used per acre. It was, however, below ten pounds. I got a good sample of hay the first year and cut about a ton per acre in 1898. In 1899, I cut about a ton and three-quarters per acre, and in 1900, I cut for seed. The latter cutting yielded me 3,300 lbs. of seed, which I sold at 11 cents per pound, re- ceiving $368.50, and as I had an abundance of feed, I sold this brome straw, 15 tons, for $3 "per ton. The eight acres gave me a return of $413.50 all told.'— C. W. Peterson. 1-2 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 A. 1902 llEl'ORT OF THE AGRICULTURIST. (J. II. Gkisdale, B. Agr.) Dr. ^yyl. Saunders^ Director Dominion Experimental Farms, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit lierewith reports on Dairy Cattle, Beef Pro- duction, Pork Production, Sheep, and Farm Crops. As ill previous years, much of my time has been taken up attending various agri- cultural and live stock meetings in different parts of Canada, and, further, during the past summer I was absent 16 weeks securing a nvimber of pure-bred cattle, sheep, and swine for the varioiis farms under your supervision. I am deply indebted to Mr. John Fixter, farm foreman, to Mr. C. T. Brettell, herdsman, and to Mr. J. Meilleur, dairyman, for interested and careful assistance in the various departments immediately under their charge and for help in the prepara- tion of the submitted report. To Mr. J. F. Watson, secretary to this division, my thanks are due for the inter- est and care he has displayed in the clerical work, and for the most efficient manner in which he has handled the new work of the dairy herd tests. From December 1, 1900, to November 30, 1901, 1,470 letters were received by the xVgrieulturist division, and during the same period 1,533 letters were despatched. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, J. II. GRISDALE, Agj-icuUarist. CATTLE. There are on the farm at present representatives of throe breeds of cattle, viz.. Shorthorn. Ayrshire, and Guei'nsey. There ai*e besides several grade animals of each breed ; that is, heifers or cows from a common or grade cow by a pure-bred bull of one of the above named breeds. PURE-BRED BREEDING CATTLE. The pure-bred cattle are as follows : — Shorthorns. 1 bull calf. Lord Dinsdale (iinp.) 6 months old. 3 cows (imp.), 3, 5 and S years old. 2 cows, 10 and 12 years old. 2 heifers (imp.), 1 year old. 1 calf (imp.), 4 months old. Ayrshires. 1 bull. Twin Beauty (imp.), 2 J years old. 4 cows (imp.), 3 to G years old. 3 heifers (imp.), 2-^ years old. 1 heifer, 1\ years old. 263 264 EXPEniMEMAL FAliilS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Guernseys, 1 bill], AVedgewood, 7 years old. 1 bull calf (imp. in dam), 5 months old. 4 cows ( 3 imp.), 3 to 6 years old.* 1 cow, Canadian bred, 3 years old. 1 heifer, IS months old. 1 heifer calf, o months old. Most of these cattle were imported, as indicated above. Some, however, were bred by the Experimental Farms, and two cows were bred in Ontario. The two Ontario bred cows took part in the dairy test just concluded at the Pan- American Exposition, Buifalo. One is iliss Molly, red, calved April 10th, 1889. She was bred by J. "\V. Eosser, Denfield, Ont., and sold to E. S. and T. E. Eobson, Ilderton, Ont., from whom she was secured to take part in the above mentioned dairy test. Her dairy record was a good one, standing, as she did, first among the Shorthorns, and fifteenth among cows of all breeds. She produced in 0 months 6,891 "1 pounds of milk, with an average of 3:71 per cent fat. From this milk it was estimated that 301 'IT pounds of butter could have been produced. This, valued at 25 cents per pound, was worth $75.37. She cost to feed during the six months : for haj', $7.23 ; for silage, $4.90 ; for grain, $20.17, amounting to $32.36, making a net profit of $-13.01 on butter alone. Besides producing such a large amount of milk, she gained in weight to the amount of 131 pounds. The other cow. Queen Bess, red and a little white, calved October 10, 1891, was bred by James Ciardiner, Farquhar, Ont. She passed into the iDossession of Wm. Mon- tutle, Thames Road, Out., from whom she was secured to become one of the herd of five dc'iry Shorthorns as mentioned above. Here she made a good showing, standing second in the Shorthorn herd and 34th among cows of all breeds. She produced in 6 months 6,547 "9 pounds of milk, testing 3 '57 per cent fat. This milk, it was esti- mated, contained 275*21 pounds of butter, which, valued at 25 cents per pound, was worth $68.80. She cost to feed during the 0 months, for hay, $7.21 ; for silage, $5.30 ; for grain or meal, $19.98, amounting to .^32.49 in all. This left a net profit of $36.31 on butter alone. During tlie 6 months slic gained 192 pounds in weiglit. LIVE STOCK IMPORTATIOXS. June, July, and part of August was spent by tlie writer among the herds and flocks of Great Britain and the Channel Islands, the purpose being to study the methods of British cattle-breeders, as well as to secure a few head of pure-bred cattle, sheep, and swine for the Dominion Experimental Farms. It was decided that the cattle importation should consist of heavy milking Sliorthorns, Guernseys, and Ayr- shires. Shorthorns. The famous lierds at Collvnie and Tillycairn beluuging to "William Duthie, of Tarves, X.B., as well as Uppermill herd, the property of ^Y. S. Marr, were visited in the north, while those of His Majesty the King, at Windsor, of J. Deane Willis at Bapton ^lanor, of J. T. Hobbs, at Maisey Hampton, of Sir Nigel Kingscote, at Kingscote, and many others were seen in the south. The animals finally purchased are : — Lord Dinsdale. bull, dropped June, 1901, was so ini fortunate as to lose his dam a few weeks after his birth and has had since to depend on the pail for his upbringing. In spite of his troubles he has done well and offers to make a fine aninuil. He is a light roan with an abundance of thick mossy hair, lots of style, strong lines and, for one of his age, grand masculine charac- ter. He is from the long established Berkeley Castle herd, the property of Lord Fitz- hardinge, at Berkeley, Gloiicestershire. This herd is under the able management of 6. Shropshire Lambs (Imp. Mansell bred). ' REPORT OF THE AGRICULTURIST 265 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 James Peter, the famous judge of Shorthorus. Bates blood runs in every strain there, and no expense has been spared to secure the best, both as to character and pedigree. Lord Dinsdale's dam, a liglit red of unusual scale, was a very heavy milker from a very heavy milker ; his sire has also good breeding for milk ]n'oduction. Lunesdalc MarcJdoness. — A magnificent roan, dropped in 2\ovembor, 1S9G, and the dam of two beautiful heifers, is in calf to Land's End. She has a good record as a milk producer, and it is hoped to found a deep-milking family v\'ith her off-spring. This cow, as well as Illuminata mentioned below, were bred by Edmund Potter, Esq., Lowfields, Kirkby Lonsdale, Westmoreland. Mr. Potter's herds have been bred for years as general purpose cattle and any cows not good milk producers are weeded out after the first calf. Plis cattle are a wonderfully' uniform lot, sweet, smooth and well fleshed. lUnmlnola. — A deep fleshed red, dropped in 1899, is from the heavy-milking cow Lustre, and is in calf to Land's End. From the herds of Mr. Scott Murraj% Hambleden, Ilenley-ou-Thames, was se- cured the deep-milking cow Darlington Lass. She has a well-established milk record, and puts all her feed into the pail. She is in calf to Hopeful Lad, and something good is hoped for. Jessica ElmUar&i. — Dropped in July, 1901. is from the same herd and from the best cow of the herd. She is a dark red and is faultless in Shorthorn character and conformation. Janci. — A light roan cow calf, dropped in October, 1900, is a sweet, smooth, deep- ribbed, well-fleshed, broad-fronted and strong-backed animal from Jubilee, by Union Jack. The dam is 13 years old and a cow of superior milking properties, and better Shorthorn characteristics is hard to imagine. Ten months after dropping the calf Janet she was still yielding 35 pounds (3|- gallons) of milk daily. Slie is the great dairy Shorthorn of the famous Duffryn Dairy Shorthorn herd. This herd, the property of Ivichard Stratton, Esq., The Duffryn, Xewport, Mon., has been famous in the show ring and dairy tests for over forty years, and still holds its own, as witness the first prize yearling heifer at the Eoyal Agricultural Society show at Cardiff this year, bred and owned by Mr. Stratton. From Jas. A. Peter. Esq., Berkeley. Glos., the roan cow calf. Duchess of Vit- ioria 39th, was secured. Though not so deep-fleshed nor having quite such good lines as Janet, she is probably of a sweeter Shortliorn type and is worthy of her Duchess descent, tracing back, as she does, to the famous Bates Duchesses and Waterlocs. She is by Xorth Star from Duchess of Yittoria 34th, a strong, heavy-milking red qo\\\ Guernseys. A large number of Guernsey herds were visited in England, and finally a selec- tion of a bull and three cows was made from probably the premier Guernsey herd of England, that of Lady Tichborne, Tichborne Park, Alresford, Hants, managed by David Miohie, Esq. Tlie bull. Golden Kule, an orange fawn, dropped in 1899, has every indication of being a good sire. He has been sent to the experimental farm at Nappan, N.S., as well as Itchen Lady, a rather plain little cow of fairly good milking points. Clatford Spot, a strong, deep coloured animal, is to represent the breed at the experimental farm at Lidian Head, X.W.T., while Lily of Alderney, a finer-boned, lighter-coloured and rather more milk producing type of animal, will remain at the Central experimental farm. Two cows were secured on the Island of Guernsey, where several days were spent among the herds. The cows selected were Llonoria VIII a light fawn, white spots, dropped 1898, and in calf to Francis Masher II. She was bred by Alfred Lepatourel, Esq., La Eareee, Guernsey. In mid-Atlantic she dropped a bull calf, which offers to make a fine animal. Coming as he does from a cow of such beautiful Guernsey quality and deep-milking properties as Honoria VIIL, by a sire so famous as Francis Masher II. much is hoped for. 256 EXPERIMEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Deanie IX., bred by T. E. Gallienne, was dropped 1S9S. She made a good milk record with her first calf and is from a most excellent dairy cow. She is a light fawn with white, and is a good dairy t%T)e. She is rather plain at the til, however, and was bought for performance ratl:er than appearance. AyrsJtircs: Before any individuals of this breed were secured several of the best herds in Scotland were visited, and notes made of their chief characteristics. It was finally decided to buy from Mr. Andrew Clement, of Glasgow, the bull Twin Beauty. This bull, brown with white spots, was dropped in 1899. He was bred by Kobert Wallace, Esq., Auchenbrain, Mauchline. His dam. Old Beauty's Last, has a record of over TO lbs. of milk in one day on grass alone. He is by Daniel of Auchen- brain, whose dam has a record quite equal to Old Beauty's Last. These two wonderful cows were still at Auchenbrain in August, and cows more nearly ideal in type can scarce be imagined. Mr. Andrew Clement, from whom the bull was secured, is an enthusiastic Ayr- shire breeder, and at great inconvenience to himself rendered invaluable services in the search for the right class of animal. From Mr. AYallace, Auchenbrain, were secured 4 excellent two year old heifers by the famous bull Daniel of Auchenbrain, now in Australia. From Mr. Robert Woodburn, Holehouse, Galston, were secured three cows : Nora's Last, a stylish, deep milking, good teated animal, G years old. Rosy, a good milk- ing cow of a rather less striking appearance, and Soncy, a trim, neat, sweet and tidy little animal with good dairy points. Soncy goes to Nappan, with one of the Wal- lace heifers. Culcaigrie. — From the hills of Galloway were brought two cows, among the best in all that land, Jessie A., of Culcaigrie and Maggie of Culcaigrie. Jessie A. was the winner of the famous Queen's Hill cup, now the property of her breeder, he having won it three times. Maggie also took part in the winning of this beautiful trophy for her one-time owner, William Stroyan, Esq., Culcaigrie, Twyn- holm, Ivirkcudbright. Jessie A. is a cow of grand proportions, beautiful lines, great strength and splen- did Ayrshire character. She stands a queen among dairy cattle anywhere. Maggie is smaller and something weaker, but withal has good lines, is clean cut, and is going to be a worker, as well as a thing of beauty. DAIRY CATTLE. The herd of dairy cattle during 1901 consisted of 29 females all told. They arc: — ^ULKIXG STOCK. Ayrshires 1 Guernseys 1 Ayrshire grades 9 Canadian grades 2 Shorthorn grades 4 Guernsey grades 2 YOUXG STOCK. Shorthorn grades — Two j^ear olds 2 Calves 1 Ayr-Hire grades — Two vear olds 2 Calves 1 TiEi'OItT OF THE AUUICULTURiST 267 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Guernsey grades — Two year olds 1 Calves 3 On the arrival of tlic imported stock, several grade dairy cows were sold to make room for the new animals. Such ag-ed cows and young cattle wci'e retained as were fairly good representatives of grades of the breeds, Shorthorn, Ayrshire and Guern- sey. FEED OF THE DAIRY CATTLE. The roughage ration fed during the year of 1901 was practically the same as that fed in 1900, namely, 35 lbs. ensilage, 20 lbs. mangels, 5 lbs. clover hay, and a little chaff. This ration was varied to suit the size or capacity of the cow. The meal ration consisted of different mixtures at different times. Bran, oat chop, barley meal, and pea meal made up a considerable portion of the grain ration, but gluten entered very extensively into the concentrate ration during the winter months. GLUTEN MEAL. This feed is proving of great value as a milk producer. It appears to be suited for winter dairying, as it forms a good supplementary ration for mangels or corn ensil- age. It is open at present to the objection that it is not constant in composition. It is apparently difficult to get two samples even from the same factory alike in protein or fat content, while feeds under the same name from different factories are quite differ- ent in Appearance and vary in protein and fat content by as much as 20 per cent. This uncertainty of composition is very objectionable and must be guarded against most carefully, MILK YIELD. The average milk yield of tlio herd has increased from 0,155 lbs. in 1900 to <1,7G0 lbs. in 1901. The butter yield per cow for 1900 was 289 -G lbs., while in 1901 each cow made 319 lbs., an increase of 29 "4 lbs. SUMMER FEEDING. The dairy cattle during the first part of the summer were, as usual, pastured on the fifth year of the rotation ; that is, on land from which one year's hay had been cut. In August and September they were allowed to have part of the clover meadow aftermath of the fourth year of the rotation. In addition to this tliey were given some clover ensilage, (see page 302). Only a small amount of meal (3 lbs. grouml oats per cow) was fed to such as were giving a large flow of milk and to heifers in the first period of lactation. In estimating the cost of feeding, the following prices were charged for feed stuffs, being the average local market rates for the same duriug 1901, save in the case of ensilage and roots, which are charged at the usual values afiixed in experimental work : — Pasture $ 2.00 per cow per month. Bran . 15.00 per ton. Oats, gluten meal, barky and pease 19.00 " Clover hav 6.00 " Chaff 4.00 " Roots and ensilage 2.00 " In estimating the value of the product, 19 cents per pound is allowed for the butter and 15 cents per hundred ])ounds for the skim milk and butter-milk. The but- ter is manufactured in the farm dairy and sells on the market at from 22 to 30 cents per pound, an average of 25 cents during the year. This leaves G cents per pound for cost of manufacture. The following tables give in detail the particulars concerning each cow and the herd statement for the month :— 268 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 •s^UOJd •peaj JO ;soo t ZD -^ r~i iO i t^ -j; tr i^ c; i^ oc 1^ X t^ CO o -^ c; o Gc o 1 ' CI o r- ~ 1^ © o o in ■ l^ 1^ ^ L- t- lO l^ O »C CO i-i •sqi 001 J^tl " O O O l~ i^' — ~ O O O O O O O lO lO O 1^ o S X O O •-; O iC Cq --C C4 © ^ itj O CO t^ X © X cccococo©©©©^. c;~xxcct^co-^'*i-' •qi J9cl S}noo fix ?« ae^^ng jo di^i^A d CI CI -^ 1- c T-H CI tr i~ C-. ir lO o ■* i^ C5 o -fi -^lOCOOOC. O'-l|-^C0-*'t^C0.'MC;XwOXi-l c;t>-xi.^^5£-l C0C0COC0-r?"C0C0-*-#fC0-^-n0 C^l CI t^ X ^ rH CO © t^ T i; CO CO t^i- 'TOeTUT^llM^T sXt,'Q jo aaquiu^ o 0 73 4-3 ««-■ "— ' O ; © © 1^ © O © » , _ „ , -, . rj © I— © © X CI CI t- 1- © CO CO C^ CO C^ C^ C) CO CO Cl CJ CO CO C4 CO N CJ 1— I 1— I Or-<^©^©'-l.-^^©T-4©i— lT-.CT-ii— I©.-! o©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© Ci © =-. © © © © © © © © =~- <^- ~- 2 £; E; ~ "^^ CO tC^'i-Tc cf t--r© c^ i-^fo cc t-rr-"x'"'a^©''sc'©" C^i-HrHrHCJ '-■' i-l £■' ^^T-liH n - - - C t-. ir s » S-. o >-.S <^ • cS = = = • F = ■ U . 1^ be S ~ .* a -f^ /- E C >,': •jaqiun^ "i-lCJC0Tl"«C«l-«©©-^dC0-l:492 • 70 433 38 663-25|681-27 729-57IC84-73!G5619:579C5 509-80 i f i 20 5 20-2 1 19 4 I 20-4 205 20 8 187 10 9.525 14 7,277 234 17 4-45 Total. 10 0,202: 132,.5G3 2C9 13 4-47 323-82 279-91 380-90 191 329-31 IfO 5608-32 0068 -ei EXrEEIMEXTS WITK DAIRY CATTLE As stated elsewhere, a niniiber of Shorthorns. Ayrshires and Guernseys were im- ported in 1901. The females, with the addition of a few grades of each breed already in the stables, will make up the dairy herds for 1002, and some sueceeding years. There will be three distinct herds with a subdivision in each as follows : Short- horn herd, and Shortliorn grades ; Ayrshire herd, and Ayrsliire grades ; Guernsey herd, and Guernsey grades. Account will be taken of the produce in calves and milk in both pure-bred and grade herds. A strict account will be kept of the food con- sumed by each individual animal. Experiments during the past year have been carried on along two lines ; to deter- mine the effect of milking at unequal intervals and to gain some information as to the comparative value of some different rations fed in different ways. Reports on these follow : — ■ HOURS OF MILK'.N'G. The experiment to ascertain the influence of liours of milking upon the amount of milk produced, and upon the quality of the same has been continued, and three separate experiments are summarized in the tables which follow. The cows are usually milked here at 6 o'clock a.m. and 4.30 p.jn. When milked at equal intervals during the experiment the hours were G a.m. and 6 p.m. By ' Period of change ' in the following tables is meant, the week sueceeding the change of milking hour from 4.30 p.m. to G p.m. in order to make the intervals between milkings of equal lengths or vice versa. 270 EXPERIMEXTAL FARMS Average. 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 DARLING.— AuTi-MX Test. average p;^,^ ■ period of previous , '^ ] 0 days. ° Milking Second equal period of inter\als. change. Per cent of fat, morning ! 3'5 ,, II evening | 3' 9 „ ,. whcle day 37 Daily average yield butter fat . . . 1"0G1 lbs. 3-80 3 Gl 3-71 1-037 lbs. 3-78 375 3- 76 0-988 lbs. 3-87 4-35 4-18 1102 lbs, Milking unequal intervals. 3-56 4-21 3-8(3 0-91)3 lbs, HAZEL.— AuTUMX Test. Remark.^ Per cent of fat, morning , 39 ,r ,1 evening j 41 „ M whole day , 40 Daily average yield butter fat. . . I 0-9G0 lbs. 4 17 4 55 436 0-889 lbs. RUBY.— AfTUMX Test. Per cent of fat, morning „ M evening „ II whole day. . ■ • Daily average yield butter fat 4-5 4-9 4-7 0-6.54 lbs. 5 Co 5 70 0-627 lbs. G-27 6-20 6 24 0-G64 lbs. 5 08 6 35 6 01 0-578 lbs. 5-45 6-26 5-85 0-608 lb.s. THERESA.— Autumn- Test. Per cent of fat, moniing { 3 5 ,, ,, evening ! 3'9 „ ,, whole day j 3-7 Daily average yield butter fat. . . t 0 662 lbs. 3 70 4-36 403 0 585 lbs. 4-83 470 476 0-576 lbs. 4-57 4-82 4 69 0-672 lbs. 4-46 4-71 4 58 0-616 lbs. DARLING.— Winter Test. Per cent of fat, morning I, II evening „ ,1 whole day. . . Daily average yield butter fat. 40 40 40 1-000 lbs. 4-2 45 4-35 1-073 lbs. 4-0 4 1 4 05 1-051 lbs. 4-1 3-9 102 lb.s. 38 4 1 3 95 1002 lbs. DORA.— Winter Test. Per cent of fat, morning 3 3 ,, M evening I 3-4 „ I, whole day I 3 35 Daily average yield butter fat ... | 1-474 lbs. 3 6 3-8 3-7 1-695 lbs. 3 3 3 3 3 3 1-133 lbs. 1-524 ibs. 3-4 3-3 1-076 lbs. DEWDROP.— WivrsK Test. Per cent of fat, morning | 4 3 „ If evening .1 4-6 „ whole day ] 4-45 Daily average yield butt» r fat. . . -489 lbs. 50 5-3 515 -511 lbs. 4-7 4 5 4-6 •408 lbs. 4 4 4-3 •404 lbs. 4 3 4-6 4-45 •401 lbs. COUNTESS..— WiN-TEK Test. Per cent of fat, morning | 3 5 II evening . . . i 37 II whole day i 3 6 Daily average yield butter fat. . . \ 1 "008 Ibs 3-6 37 3-8 3-5 3-7 3-6 1- Oil lbs. 10i41b.s. 3 6 4 0 3 6 40 3-8 I 0-8 1- 166 lbs. 1- 002 lbs. ]n:i'ORT OF THE AaUlCVLTi inuT SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 271 Average. Per cent of fat, inorning II evening IT whole cUiy. . . . Daily average yield butter fat. LAURA—WiNTKii Test. Average for jirexious 10 day.s. 3 6 30 J 044 lbs. First period of change. 3-8 3-8 3'8 !• 072 lbs. Milking equal intervals. 3-5 3-5 •983 lbs. Second period of clian"re. 3 4 3 5 3-45 1- 010 lbs. ISfilking unequal inter\als. 3-4 3 7 3-55 1- 010 lbs. Remarks. DAIILA.— Winter Test. Per cent of fat, morning II evening II whole day. . . . Daily average yield butter fat. 3 8 3-9 3 8.5 •988 lbs. 40 41 4 05 •940 lbs. 3-8 3-9 3-85 888 lbs. 3-9 4 0 3 95 982 lbs. 4-0 3-9 •919 lbs. DAIRYMATD.-SuMMER Test. Per cent of fat, morning II evening. . . . . . .1 whole day . . . Daily average yield butter fat. 42 4-4 4-3 •SCO lbs. 45 4-5 4-5 1 17Glbs 45 4-G 4-55 1- 022 lbs. 45 51 4-8 849 lbs. 4-9 53 51 •895 lbs. BLOOM.— Summer Test. Per cent of fat, morning II evening II whole day . . Daily average yield butter fat $•8 4-2 40 •G401bs. 3-5 37 3-6 1 041 lbs. 3 7 3'7 •925 lbs. 36 4-2 3-8 •907 lbs. 3-8 41 3 95 •G55 lbs. BELLFLOWER. -Summer Test. I Per cent of fat, morning | 4'2 II evening 4' 4 II whole day | 4^3 Daily average yield butter fat. . . I ^989 lbs. 4-3 4-2 4 25 •902 lbs. 44 42 4-3 •819 lbs. 43 4-9 40 •815- lbs. 4 G 51 4-85 ■815 lbs. BEGONIA.— Summer Test. Per cent of fat, morning , I, II evening II 11 whdle day Daily average yield butter fat 3 2 3-6 3-4 1 292 lbs. 3G 3-8 3-7 1 -262 lbs. 3-6 3G 3-6 1-059 Ib.s. 3 4 3 ,') 3 45 907 lbs. 3 5 4 1 3'8 1- 134 lbs. FLORENCE.— Summer Test. Per cent of fat, morning II II evening II II whole day. . . . Daily average yield butter fat 3-4 3 G 3 5 •875 lbs. 3-7 3-9 3 8 •877 lbs. 3 9 3-9 3-9 •8G3 lbs. 3-7 4 1 3 9 •833 lbs. 3 9 4 4 415 ■801 lbs. BELL.— Summer Te.st. Per cent of fat, morning II II evening II II whole day . . . Daily average yield butter fat. 3-8 42 40 llGOlbs. 40 3-9 3-95 1 283 lbs. 39 3-9 3-9 1- 190 lbs. 3G 4 3 3 95 ■108 lbs. 3-9 4-3 4 1 1- 018 lbs. 272 EXPERIilEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 A studv o^ the above recor^ls would tend merely to emphasize the conclusions reached in last year's experiment, namely : — 1. That the percentage of butter fat in milk, from morning or evening milking, is influenced by the comparative length of interval between the milking hours. 2. The richer milk is found to be produced after the shorter interval. 3. Where intervals between milkings are equal, no appreciable difference appears to exist in either the quality or quantity of the milk drawn in the morning or in the evening. Periods of change in hours of milking are evidently periods of excitement and affect individuals differently. COW FEEDIXG EXPERBIEXT. DUV VERSUS WET FEED. Feeding cows harley, oais and oil meal dry versus Iran and gluten meal wet. As a study of the tables will reveal, the two lots of cows of three each were fed for seven days on similar rations. On the eighth day the rations were changed, both lots being fed ensilage and hay, but lot 1 being given a meal ration of barley, oats and oil meal, fed dry, and lot 2 a meal ration of bran and gluten feed, fed wet. These rations were continued for 14 days, when the rations were interchanged between the lots of cows. The results from equally good rations should with such an interchange of rations have been quite similar. The results show a considerable difference how- ever. As a study of the following tables will show, the ration fed wet gave a daily aggregate of 114 pounds milk testing .3 -83 per cent butter fat, equivalent to 4 -365 pounds butter fat, while the same cows, fed on the dry ration, gave 116| pounds milk, testing 3 '99 per cent butter fat, equivalent to 4 -627 pounds butter fat, an increase of 2 J pounds of milk, of '16 per cent butter fat, and of '262 pounds butter fat, an in- crease of 6 per cent in favour of dry feed. 1. Berkshire Sow (Imp.) 2. Tamworth iSow (Imp.) 3. Berkshire Boar (Imp.) 4. Large Black Boars (Imp.) .5. Large Black Sows (Imp.) REPORT OF TEE AGRICULTURIST SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 273 fa •ijr?j aa^^ng irj 9Svid\y •^IIK bo n ?^j"a •^13J W (N IM W IM C-5 C-l W CO CC C5 CO CO CO t^ l- l^ t~ t- t^ I-- •>IUI\[ ?M"a •!)BJ •^inH H ?^j:a "^■^A •IHH !>M a ••J^j TIIIH ?«j:"a •Q'B^ •^IFK ?^j'a •5t;j •^niM S5 C5C(M-<*»< Tt< kJ (j CC O lO lO ;0 lO iO •* h1 ^ rf »'-* O ■* TT ■g< rp 1^ J ■^lr-ICOC*''*'OC':Cl^©'<»'d-*C^X •«f-'*''i'cc«»'ic-^coco- Hcur^J X -^ X IC CI X CI »" rH O iC to _, u/ _, li; ^ C > C » -ki fl fe o « -ts " S OOPQOCPh ■^ ».~ tr t^ X © © --^ 1-1 ci CO ■inK ii'ja w X ?i c ^: -ri^i cc © CO n o 30 t^ »• S5 -f -f O f f-l C5 c-i ?3 ec J^ CO ?i s^ ?i ;o -o •* 5-. » © f T -»> f T f •* t~ t^ t^ t^ t^ :i iS -r o X — o rj -o © T ^ u; M -r in o c C-. o c: 30 t^ Tfcococococ-'ScO'f^cococoeoco :o o » Ci o i-j © CO 'i' CO CC ■* "T -^ o; © © o © © ci ■» X X © © c © CO ^: CO -i< -)• f CO •^UK ©©©©©©© ^^^[•a © © Ct X X X X CO CO CO ri ri ri ■rj •%v^ «xxxt^xooa530©xx©© eoeocorococococoeococoeococo T o ■^ © -r -f © •m]N ©©©©©~. ©~-C5Xl~XXX Oi i^j-a -:tCO®r-©I^1 COCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCO'COCOCOCO 5OO0 X © to © X CO CO CO -r CO -f CO •5tUK •* 'l- -q" ^ 'I' CO CO ?1 CO N M I ■* -* lO o o ■* 30 f^ ■^IIK 00 H?l -4?^ ^-t^ .a r-i©^-^©c;©C5c: ai©05053i © CO xac X XXX X § ■j^ja ^ CO CO CO CO S CO 5 CO •* CO CO CO CO CO © CO 'T © CO -i- CO 'T ■* ■"*>-*> T •* -^ CO bb 1-3 u •;t?j ^ OX©©O©C0>l«M©N^r-l ^- MNcoeococococococococoeoeo CO -p c-w -r © CO ^ CO ■<*> 1> •* T f ■* -*< CO •g pouaj X »CKi •I poiJ-JJ S i'JI REPORT OF THE AGRICULTURIST SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 0-^0 005000001000 0 0 GO N-f-f-)<-f-)<-»<-H03coo©»n'3' o o o o -^ r^ o X t^ i^ c3 t^ t~ in to CO CI N CI ffl r-l(M iH C1 IM C^l rH i-( rH i-l tH r-l rH O O X 00 00 lO 1---^ THOO(MIMMCCl-cocioio;xi^xt--o 'J<-^fn"T-*"IMM<(MX-^IM •^ •ti<-*-*<-*in-^ti-*''*'^-*iO't< i-H —101 HOI oiosooioioxxxxxaoxi^ o» -1- O O CO CO CO lO in lO (M *ioicin'-cixm-Oi05XtilOOCJ Hoi-tt?'HciHci-itrMn-^^ CrH-J-JrHOOOOOOOr-lrH cc c; o CO CO m o in in CO CO X CO o dccclClCldCldClcococ^c^c^ OOXCDtHCI-^CICOCIMX'*-* ^^COCO^^^^'^'^^'if^^ CI CI CI 05 X X X CO Tt< X CI X O 05 -]C)HMM-l-*?>-*M-*:' Ot-t^Tf. t May 25 245 350 350 350 350 350 350 525 m 17i 17i 17i 17^ 43 6^ 4g 4 4i 6^ 4f •43 43 17i 17i 17? m m 17.^ 17^ 171 June 1 „ 8 „ 15 i'-i „ 22 M 29 17A July 6 ■174" 174 17i ,. 13 2,870 140 46 46 46 140 174 88 July 20 525 625 525 525 525 525 525 525 17i ]7i 17^ 17ib 17i 35 35 35 6^ 6^ 17i 17^ m 35 35 35 6^ 6^ 17^ 17^ 17i 17i 174 17i m 174 174 174 174 174 174 174 35 35 n 27 Aug. 3 .. .. 35 35 35 105 105 105 „ 10 „ 17 35 „ 24 35 .. 31 35 Sept 7 35 4,200 192 171 85 140 35 420 245 EXPERIMENT II, CALVES — FULL FATTENING RATION. Week ending 0 s 0 Q 0 bo 5 September 14 21 28 525 525 525 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 .35 35 35 35 35 35 524 52i 524 524 174 nh 174 174 174 174 174 174 174 174 174 174 174 174 174 174 174 174 35 35 35 35 35 35 105 105 105 140 175 175 350 525 700 700 875 875 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 420 October 5 „ 12 19 26 November 2 9 „ 16 ' '175" 175 175 175 „ 23 H 30 1,575 420 490 210 315 4,830 700 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 EXPERBIEXT II, CALVES — LIMITED GROWIXG RATIOX. Week ending May 25 June 1 8 „ 15 ,. 22 „ 29 July 6 .." 13 July 20 ,. 27 Aug. 3 „ 10 M 17 ., 24 „ 31 Sept. 7 175 175 175 245 350 350 525 525 2,520 525 525 525 525 525 525 525 525 4,200 17i 17$ 17^ 17i 17i 17i I'i 17i 140 17i 17; m 17^ m !f m 140 35 4i 4^ 4i 43 43 174 17i 17i 74 c b cS 0 .C p; cc 17i 17h 17i 17A 175 17^ 140 174 17i 174 17i m 35 35 35 174 174 174 174 174 35 35 35 192 I 192 .So 35 35 105 105 105 420 "Week ending September 14. 21. 28. October' 5. ,. 12 ,. 19. .. 26. November 9. 16. 23. 30 :\Iilk. 51J0 525 Oats. 1,575 174 174 174 174 174 174 174 174 174 174 175 174 210 Barley. Bran. 110 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 174 _m_ 385 Shorts. En- silage. 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 105 105 105 175 175 3.50 525 7*) 700 875 875 875 245 5. .565 Hay. 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 70 70 490 Roots. 175 175 3.50 350 1,0.50 EXPEUIMEXT II., CALVE.S — SUMMARY — LOT n. FULL FATTENING RATION". Period. 1—1 •s = c a; -2 ID 0 .0 O c 0 a. "o.S •S5.2 Remarkn. ^0 O'^ §C2 S^ ^a H C 0 U 0 ^ Lbs. Lbs. $ cts. Cts. Cts. Lbs. 1st of 8 weeks 582 208 9 60 1-65 3-43 468 May 29. 515 650 1 84 155 13 .32 22 78 2-58 3 50 4 94 5 42 1,0.50 1,565 3rd of 12 weeks Average or aggregate 1,747 1-92 45 70 2-60 5 02 2,215 Final weight. REPORT OF THE AGRICULTURIST 287 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 EXPKRIMENT n., CALVES — SUMMARY — LOT I. LIMITED GROWIXQ RATION. Period. O 3 1 5 o -a a a s. o.S o Cts. 1-35 2 44 3-79 ^ 60 60 3 Remarks. 1st 8 weeks Lbs. 530 530 491 1.551 Lbs. 1-89 1-89 117 $ cts. 7 14 12 95 18 61 Cts. 2 55 4-62 4-43 Lbs. 475 1,005 1,535 2nd 8 weeks 3rd 12 weeks Average or aggregate IGS 38 70 2-49 3-95 2,026 Final weight. Calves, May, 1900. EXPERIMENT I — LIMITED GROWING RATION. Period Week ending Oats. Barley. Bran. Siiorts. Roots. Ensil- age. Hay. Straw. December 8 , 35 35 35 35 17i 17i 17i 35 35 35 17i 17i 174 174 174 174 174 174 175 315 350 490 525 350 875 700 140 280 315 455 525 525 525 700 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 „ 15 „ 22 29 January 5 12 „ 19 „ 26 35 192i 52^ 1574 874 3,780 3,465 280 35 Period Week ending Roots. Ensil- age. Straw. Hay. February 2 9 875 700 700 875 875 875 525 525 700 700 700 875 875 875 1,225 1,225 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 16 23 March 2 9 35 35 35 35 35 „ 16 „ 23 35 5,950 7,175 280 280 LIMITED GROWING RATION. Period Week ending Roots. Ensil- age. Straw. Hay. March 30 525 525 1,225 1,225 1,400 1,400 1,225 1,225 525 35 35 35 35 35 a5 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 April 6 „ 13 .. 20 27 "356" 350 150 May 4 8 1,900 8,225 245 245 288 EXPERIMEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD Vll., A. 1902 Period Week ending Roots. Ensil- age. Hay. Pasture. November 16 30 mos. 23 30 350 350 1,225 1,225 70 70 700 2,450 140 30 mos. EX PERIMENT I — FULL FATTENnXG RATION. Week ending Oats. Com. Oil Meal. Bran. Gluten. Roots. Ensil- age. Hay. Dec. 8 35 36 36 35 35 35 35 35 35' 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 ""in m m 1"! 35 35 35 35 35 35 105 210 315 465 490 490 700 700 140 175 280 420 420 455 630 630 35 „ 15 35 „ 22 35 n 29 35 Jan. 5 . 1901. 35 „ 12 35 „ 19 m 17| I 35 „ 2C 280 245 122^ 245 3,465 3,150 280 FULL FATTENING RATION. Week ending Oats. Com, Oil Meal. Bran. 1' Gluten. Roots. Ensil- age. Straw. Hay. Feb. 2 n 9 ,. 16 n 23 Mar. 2 .. 9 .. 16 » 23 52i 52| 62^ 17* m m 17i 174 24.: 35 35 10; 140 17i 17i 17i 17i^ 36 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 210 175 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 630 630 700 875 875 875 875 875 3,500 6,335 280 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 S.5 280 FULL FATTENING RATION. Week ending Oats. Gluten. Oil Meal. Bran. Roots. Ensil- age. Straw. Hay. March 31 m 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 36 36 52i 524 52i 524 52^ 174 174 17| 174 35 35 35 35 ^5 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 700 7C0 700 700 525 525 525 875 875 875 875 1,0.50 1,060 1,0.50 1,225 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 April 6 35 3 20 35 35 27 May 4 11 35 35 35 18 35 245 367^ 210 280 4,375 7,876 280 2S0 REPORT OF THE AGRICULTURIST SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 FULL r.\TTENlXG RATION. 289 Week ending May 25 June 1 „ 8 ,. 15 „ 22 ,, 21» July C ,. 13 Oats. Corn. Oil Meal. Bran. Ensil- age. Straw. Hay. 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 1,225 1,22) 1,225 1,225 1,225 1,225 1,225 1,225 35 35 35 25 70 105 1(.5 105 35 35 280 5G0 280 280 9,800 70 525 Green Feed. Pasture. Pasture. FULL FATTENING RATION. Week ending Oats. Corn. Oil INIeal. Bran. Ensil- age. Hay. Green Feed. Gluten. Roots. .Tulv 20 ,.' 27 August 3 52^ 52i 52S 525 521 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 3.5 52i 52i 52^ 52h 52| 52| 35 .35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 1,050 1,700 525 525 525 525 525 525 525 525 525 625 700 700 1,050 1,050 1,0.50 1,225 1,225 1,225 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 0) CO . u o 3 e8 '" 2 g C4 122J 122i 122| 122* 122^ 1221 1224 „ 10 17 „ 24 „ 31 14 © t. 21 o'^ ^ 28 Octciber 5 12 19 ^ CS M 175 .. 20 November 2 9 .350 k; 350 23 .3.50 30 525 l,202i 1,190 805 700 15,125 1,120 857i 1,750 EXPERIMENT I — SUMMARY FOR 1901 — LOT I. LIMITED GROWING RATION. Period. l!?t. 8 weeks 2nd, 8 , 3rd,-7 4th,— C months 6th, 2 weeks Statement for year . Total Gain of Lot. Lbs. 325 295 120 1,210 140 Daily Rate of Gain per Steer. Lbs. 116 105 0 45 110 200 2,090 1 14 Cost to Feed Lot. $ cts. 12 37 14 38 11 22 30 00 3 57 Cost Cost to Weiglit of 1 pound Feed 1 Steer at beginning Gain. 1 day. | of Period. Lbs. ],S85 2,210 2,505 2,(i25 3,8.35 71 54 ts. Cents. 3-80 4 42 4 -87 5H 9-35 4 58 2-48 3 33 2 55 4 00 3 42 3-92 • Weight, November 30, 190L 16— IS 3,975* 290 EXPERIMEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 EXPERIMEXT I. — SUMMARY FOR 1901 — LOT H. FULL FATTEXIXG RATION. Period. Total Gain of Lot. Daily Rate of Gain per Steer. Lbs. Ist, 8 weeks. 2nd, 8 3rd, 8 4th, 8 5th, 8 6th, 12 Statement for vear . 660 609 469 467 320 935 3,460 Lbs. 2-35 217 1-67 1-67 114 222 Cost to Feed Lot. Cost of 1 pound Gain. 19 $ cts. Cents. 16 10 2- 19 40 3- 24 25 5- 27 75 5- 24 75 7' 45 60 4- 157 75 4- Cost to Feed 1 Steer 1 day. Cents 5 6 10 8-53 Weight at beginning of Period. Lbs. 2,165 2,825 3,434 3,003 4,370 4,690 5,625* •Weight November 30, 1901. SHEEP. The breeding flocks include the following animals of the Shropshire and Leices- ter breeds : — Shropshires : — 1 ram (imp.), 13 months old. 1 ram lamb, 6 months old. 2 ewes (imp., 1899), 2 J years old. 2 ewes, 2J years old. 5 ewes (imp., 1901), 1§ years old. 4 ewe lambs (imp., 1901), 8 months old. 3 ewe lambs, home bred, 6 months old. Leicesfers : — 1 ram lamb, * Stanisson,' 8 months old. 1 ewe, 5i years old. 3 ewes, 4i years old. 2 ewes, 2^ years old. 2 ewes, IJ years old. 2 ewe lambs, 6 months old. Besides the above, there are three grades which are being experimented upon for breeding purposes. The lamb crop the past spring was not so good as that for 1900, but the lambs have done much better during the past summer, and a number of good animals have been sold or retained for breeding purposes. Several of the best Shropshire flocks in Great Britain were visited during the summer. At Mr. Minton's annual ram sale one of the top shearling rams was secured. From the famous flock of Mr. Mansell were secured 5 shearling ewes and 4 ewe lambs. These, it is hoped, may constitute the foundation of a good flock. The Leicester ram, Stanisson, was secured from Mr. A. W. Smith, Maple Lodge, Ont. He was a winner at the Pan-American Exposition, Buffalo, this year. As in preceding years, the sheep were pastured on a small, stony field. This was supplemented by rape and some clover. REPORT OF THE AGRICULTURIST 291 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 RAPE FOR SHEEP. Tlie use of rape as a pasture for slieep and lambs carniot be too highly com- mended. There are, however, two or tliree dangers to be guarded against. In the first place, care must be taken that the sheep do not enter the rape when very hungry, especially is there danger in this when the leaves are for any reason wet. The effect to be feared is ' bloating.' Kape is, as indicated in the report for 1900, very rich in protein, much richer than most other forage plants, as the proportion of protein to carbo-hydrates is ai)out 1 to 1:8. This is much too great a proportion of protein, and where sheep, or more particularly, lambs are confined to this feed they soon show signs of some injurious influence at work. A sleepiness is first observed, which later is followed by a weak- ness of the limbs and the sudden falling of the animal. It is, then, very difficult indeed to put them in good condition again. Of course, it is easy to avoid this trouble by letting the lambs have another pasture part of the day. For such a purpose a hill pasture or some pasture carrying but little clover is to be preferred. SWINE. There are on the farm at present four herds of pure-bred swine. They are made up as follows : — BerJcshires : — 1 boar (imp., 1901), 8 months old. 1 boar, ' Bobby,' 6 months old. •1 sow (imp., 1901), 1 year old. 2 sows, li years old. Large Improved Yorkshires : — 1 boar, IJ years old. 5 sows, Ij to 3 years old. 1 sow (imp., 1901), 1 year old. 1 sow, 9 months old. 'I'amivorths : — 1 boar, ' Hero,' 15 months old. 2 sows, 2' years old. 1 sow (imp., 1901), 1 year old. Large Blades : — 2 boars (imp., 1901), 6 months old. 2 sows (imp., 1901), G months old. The imported pigs were' secured from the most famous herds in England. The Yorkshire sow came from Sanders Spencer, Esq., St. Ives, Hunts ; the Berkshires, from Philo L. Mills, Esq., Kuddington Manor, Notts ; the Tamworth, from D. W, Phillips, Esq., The Ashes, Whiteacre, Birmingham. The large Blacks seem to be slowly coming into prominence in England. The indi- viduals are of the bacon type, but rather coarse. Some experimental work will be done with them here to test their value as an addition to our bacon breeds. An effort will be made to determine their value for crossing with some of the other breeds of pigs. The breeding pigs during the past year have done only fairly well. The spring litters were rather late, which, of course, influenced the date of the fall litters. During the season about 40 pigs have been sold for breeding purposes, and the rest of the young pigs sold for pork. 16— 19i 292 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 PORK PRODUCTIOX. A large number of pigs have been fed during the year, but particular reports can be given of 4 lots only. In ei)ch case the meal mixture fed consisted of one-half corn, the other half oats, pease and barley, equal parts. In addition, each pig was given 3 lbs. of milk daily and all the roots they would consume, as follows : — Lot 1. — Turnips fed pulped. Lot 2. — Mangels fed pulped. Lot 3. — Sugar beets grown for forage fed pulped. Lot 4. — Sugar beets grown for sugar production fed pulped. Lot l.—Meal Mill-, Turnips. Number of pigs in test 4 Aggregate weight, January 7 405 lbs. Average weight Januaiy 7 101 " Aggregate weight April 23 768 " Average weight April 20 192 " Aggregate gain 363 " Average gain 91 " Daily rate of gain per pig for 106 days ^85 " Pigs ate 780 lbs. meal at 90 cents per cwt $ 7 02 " 3,805 lbs. mangels at 10 cents per cwt 3 81 ** 1,284 lbs. skim milk at 20 cents per cwt 2 57 Total $13 40 Cost to produce pork Avas : — 405 lbs. feeders at $7 per cwt $28 35 Food consumed 13 40 Total cost $41 75 Sold 7G8 lbs. pork at $C per cwt $46 OS Profit on lot of 4 pigs 4 33 Cost to produce 100 lbs. increase live weight 3 69 Buyer's reporl : — 4 pigs, all ' select.' PacJcer's report on carcasses : — No. 312 weighed alive 197 lbs. ; dressed, 133 lbs. ; graded, 'good, firm.' No. 313 weighed alive 197 lbs. ; dressed, 135 lbs. ; graded, ' hard, firm.' No. 314 weighed alive 189 lbs. ; dressed, 126 lbs. ; graded, ' hard, firm.' No. 315 weighed alive 185 lbs. ; dressed, 121 lbs. ; graded, ' good, firm.' Lot 2.— Meal, Mill, Mangels. Number of pigs in test 4 -Aggregate weight January 7 377 lbs. Average weight January 7 94 " Aggregate weight April 23 766 " Average weight April 23 191 " Aggregate gain 389 " •Average gain 97 Daily rate of gain per pig, 106 days -90 " REPORT OF TEE AGRICULTURIST -gQS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Pigs ate TSC lbs. meal at 90 cents per cwt $ 7 07 " 5,930 lbs. mangels at 10 cents per cwt 5 93 " 1,284 lbs. skim milk at 20 cents per cwt 2 07 Total $15 57 Cost to produce pork was : — 377 lbs. feeders at $7 per cwt : $20 39 Food consumed 15 57 Total cost $41 96 Sold 766 lbs. pork at $C per ewt $45 96 Profit on lot of 4 pigs 4 00 Cost to produce 100 lbs. increase live weight 4 00 Buyer's report : — 4 pigs, all ' select.' Paclcer's report on carcasses :— -■ - No. 319 weighed alive 195 lbs. ; dressed, 135 lbs. ; graded, * good, firm.* Ko. 317 weighed alive 195 lbs, ; dressed, 138 lbs. ; graded, ' good, firm.* No. 318 weighed alive 182 lbs. ; dressed, 125 lbs, ; graded, 'good, firm.' No. 319 weighed alive 194 lbs. ; dressed, 131 lbs. ; graded, ' good, firm.' Lot 3. — Meal, Milh, Forage Sugar Beets. Number of pigs in test 4 Aggregate weiglit January 7 307 lbs. Average weight January 7 77 Aggregate Mxight April 23 807 Average weight April 23 202 Aggregate gain 500 Average gain 125 Daily rate of gain per pig, 106 days 1 tl8 Pigs ate 793 lbs. meal at 90 cents per cwt $ 7 13 " 4,298 lbs. sugar beets at 15 cents per cwt 0 44 " 1,284 lbs. skim milk at 7 cents per cwt 2 57 Total $16 14 Cost to produce pork was : — 307 lbs. feeders at $7 per cwt $21 49 Food consumed 16 14 Total cost $37 63 Sold 807 lbs. pork at $6 per cwt $48 42 Profit on lot of 4 pigs 10 79 Cost to produce 100 lbs. increase live weight 3 22 Buyer's report : — 3 pigs ' select,' 1 pig ' fat.' 294 EXPERIMEXTAL FAIiilS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Packer's report on carcasses : — Ko. 320 weighed alive 175 lbs. ; dressed, 118 lbs. ; graded, ' medium, a little too thin.' Ko. 321 weighed alive 218 lbs. ; dressed, 155 lbs. ; graded, * very good, a little too fat.' Ko. 322 weighed alive 18Y lbs. ; dressed, 130 lbs. ; graded ' very fair.' ITo. g"23 weighed alive 227 lbs. ; dressed, 157 lbs. ; graded, ' very firm, right thickness of fat.' Lot Jt.—Meal, Mill', Sugar Beets {Special Culture.) Number of pigs in test 4 Aggregate weight January 7 228 lbs. Average weight January 7 ^^ Aggregate weight May 25 '3* Average weight May 25 188 Aggregate gain 528 Average gain 132 Daily rate of gain per pig for 13S days "95 Figs ate 1,032 lbs. meal at 90 cents per cwt $ 9 29 " 4,266 lbs. sugar beets at 15 cents per cwt 6 39 " 1,680 lbs. skim milk at 20 cents per cwt 3 36 Total $19 04 Cost to produce pork -oas :— 228 lbs. feeders at $7 per cwt 15 96 Food consumed 19 04 Total cost • $35 00 Sold 754 lbs. pork at $G per cwt". $45 24 Profit on lot of 4 pigs 10 24 Cost to produce 100 lbs. increase live weight 3 60 Buyer's report : — 4 pigs, all ' select.' No packer's report on carcasses. During the past three years a large niimber of pigs have been fed in this de- partment to determine, if possible, the influences affecting that quality of pork com- monly known as * firmness.' THE SOFT PORK PROBLEM. The series of experiments were planned by Mr. F. T. Shutt, the chemist, and myself, and each carcase examined for firmness by one or both of us. For several reasons it could not, on the whole, be made an experiment in comparative economy of feeding for the various rations. A number of lots have been reported on in tliis respect, however, in the reports for 1899-1900, as well as in this year's report. To give some idea of the scope of the experimental feeding carried on, I may say that the following influences were studied in their effect upon the quality of the finished product : — 1. Eastern or Ottawa district pigs as contrasted with western or St. Clair dis- trict pigs when fed similarly. REPORT OF TUE AGRICULTURIST 2% SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 2. Pigs, outside in roomy lots, as contrasted with pigs in cramped quarters, under cover, fed similar rations. 3. Preparation of feed, as feeding similar lots similar feed, dry, soaked, or cooked, ground in each case. 4. Supply of feed, a limited, as contrasted with an unlimited supply of similar feed fed in a similar manner. 5. Feeding one kind of feed from beginning to end of experiment, as contrasted with feeding similar feed during first period, or up to 100 pounds live weight, then changing to a different feed, and the reverse of this. 6. Different feeds, oats, pease, barley, Indian corn, shorts, beans, skim milk, rape, clover pasture, steamed clover, mangels, turnips, sugar beets, pumpkins, artichokes. These were fed separately or in mixtures of different proportions prepared as in- dicated above. To neglect individual and group results (a full report of which may be found in Bulletin No. 38), I may say that the experiments seem to point to the following con- clusions : — 1. Locality whence pigs come has apparently no influence on firmness. 2. Opportunity of exercise as afforded by a large run does not appear to materi- ally affect firmness. 3. Neither cooked nor soaked feed has any superiority over dry feed as a pro- ducer of firm bacon. 4. Feeding a large rather than a limited or small ration is not likely to affect firmness. 5. Kind of feed determines the kind of bacon, health being good. (a) Indian corn produces soft pork, unless fed in small quantities or with skim milk (or whey). (5) The greater the proportion of Indian corn in the ration, the softer is the pork likely to be. (c) Oats, pease and barley in equal parts make up an excellent ration for the production of firm pork. {d) Skim milk is without a peer as part of any ration for the production of firm pork. (e) Rape, pumpkins, artichokes, sugar beets, turnips, and mangels may be ex- pected to have no injurious effects upon the firmness of the pork product when fed with an otherwise good ration. 6. General good health and thrift are important for the production of firm bacon. Skim milk added to any grain or succulent ration will add to the thrift of the animals. A fairly roomy yard, pen or run is conducive to good health and thrift. SOIL CULTIVATION. That our arable soils have undergone a great change since the first settlers stirred their fertile depths, I am sure the most conservative will admit ; that the change has been for the better only too few have any ground for asserting ; on the contrary, almost every farmer whose memory goes back twenty, or even ten years will agree that our crops to-day in any of the eastern provinces are not, as a rule, what they used to be, and the question naturally comes, why this falling off in returns, even from the fields of many of our best farmers ? It may be answered that the causes are various. Yet they seem to be included in the lack of one marked peculiaritj' of fertile lands — good physical condition. No matter how rich the area in the essentials of plant life, though every foot of the land be saturated with phosphates and potash and ni- trates, yet, being in poor physical condition, the returns are sure to be low. 296 EXPEIilMEyiAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 A bare definition oi physical condition -n-ill indicate but imperfectly the reasons for the results claimed. Physical condition may be said to mean the degree of friability or openness or crumbliness of a soil, its power to retain moisture, and its immediate water-content. To show the importance attached to good physical condition by one of the most famous of agriculturists, let me quote from the works of the late Sir John Lawes, chief of the celebrated Kothamstead experiment station, who, after an experience of over 50 years in soil cultivation and fertilization, said : ' All our experiments tend to show that it is the phj'sical condition, its capacity for absorbing and retaining water, its permeability to roots, and its capacity for absorbing and retaining heat that is of more importance than its chemical composition.' Conditions of Plant Growth. — To discuss ' good physical conditions, it is ncces- Bary to consider for a few moments the requirements of the healthy, growing plant. They are : Light, air, moisture, heat and food. The lack of any one, or the super- abundance of any one, means death to the plant. Their presence in too small or too large proportions means sickly plants. Light, we cannot control, therefore it need not be discussed. Air will, of course, always surround the stems and leaves of our crops, but it is just as necessary to the roots. Water-soaked, baked, or puddled soils do not permit any air to circulate among their particles. They are, therefore, not suited for plant occupation. It is to lack of air in such cases rather than superabundance of water or impermeability of the soil to roots that failure is due. Moisture, or water is necessary as a solvent for much of the plant's food. It Berves as a vehicle for carrying tlie food from the soil to the leaves of the plant. An abundance is absolutely indispensable, an over-supply is fatally injurious. The heat necessary for seed germination and plant growth is a relative condition, and so dependent upon the other factors for its eifectiveaiess as to need but little dis- cussion at this point. That high temperatures with abundant moisture induce rank growth is well known to every farmer. To secure such a combination in our northern latitudes requires careful cultivation. It really depends on good physical condition. Food is, of course, an important requirement in plant growth. Acting on the assumption that food is the all in all, the one great factor in plant life, many have followed this premise to its logical conclusion and supplied the plant with food in specially prepared forms in more or less homeopathic (relatively speaking) doses. Most soils contain immense quantities of plant food. It is not always in an available form. Adding to this supply in practically the same form will not guarantee good results. The following of a course likely to secure good physical conditions would in- Bure an abundant supply of plant food in the form best suited for sustaining plant life by converting the erstwhile unavailable food into available forms. Influences Affecting Pliysical Condition of Soils. The influences affecting physical condition are various, and it cannot be hoped to discuss them at any length at the present moment. To name the more important conditions, without reference to their relative importance, they might be said to be : — 1. The character of the soil ; that is. whether a clay, a clayey loam, sandy loain. Band, gravel, muck or peaty and, generally speaking, whether of a drift or an alluvial formation. 2. The water-line or water-level of the area. 3. The condition of the soil at time of cultivation ; that is, whether wet or dry •vihf^-n last ploughed or cultivated. 4. The crop that has been grown the previous year. f>. The amount of humus in the soil and the character of the same. REPORT OF TEE AGRICULTURIST 297 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Character of the Soil. — The character of the soil is, geiierallj- speaking:, the factor most likely to affect the physical condition of a field whei'e no special attention has been paid to improvement of this imperative condition of fertility. The more the farmer studies the influences afl^ecting physical condition and attempts in the right way to improve the same, however, the less will he find to be the necessity for con- sidering the kind of soil making up his fields. In the case of well drained alluvial soils he can hardly make a miss did he try. Other soils, however, require more careful treatment, especially is this the case where the extremes, as they might be called — a heavy clay or a light sand — are to be con- sidered. The intermediate soils demand less careful treatment and are very seldom injured by time or manner of cultivation. The Water-line. — While once the water-level is 6 or 8 inches below the surface, it is quite possible to cultivate the fields, yet if success would be assured some way must be found to make the water-line at least 2 feet below the average soil surface level. Frequently, good crops may be grown where the water stands higher than this, but under average conditions it will be found profitable to so drain as to insure a root bed of at least twenty-four inches in depth. Roots will not penetrate below the w^ater-line to any appreciable extent. The water-line is, thei'efore, the lower boun- dary of any farm or field. By how much lower this line, by so much more farm land for the owner may be said of it. True, the area of arable land is not changed, but the hunting ground of the root is extended, and this is, generally speaking, accompanied by a more vigorous, rank and rapid plant growth, there being, of course, so much more room for root development. The condition of the soil at time of cultivation enters so materially into the suc- cess or failure of the whole year's operation that it is justly considered by many farmers the chief point, making for a good or bad crop. The heavy soil that shows a shining surface, glistening with moisture behind the plough, cannot be expected to give good returns from the next crop. The particles becoming compacted form into more or less large clods and all fertility contained in them is locked in the lump, not for one year merely, but for an indefinite period. The harm done by the simple operation cannot be undone save by years of patient, skilful toil. As the gradation of soil goes tOAvards the lighter or sandy forms less and less care need be given to its condition at time of cultivation, since there is less danger of the particles compacting. The Previous Crop. — As a factor in the physical condition of a field at a given time, the previous crop on that field is usually of great importance. The turning down of a heavy sod makes a great difference in the physical condition of a field and in no kind of soil is the good effect more evident than heavy clay. The turning down of stubble is also beneficial, but not to the same extent. The influence of fallow or partial fallow, as after corn, roots or potatoes, is also beneficial. The manure usually applied with such crops in addition to the cultiva- tion puts the soil in a loose friable condition and a part of the plant food previously unavailable may after such crops be taken up by the plant. Hnmus.^As an influence on the physical condition of a soil, humus is without a peer. As a factor in the improving of our soils it cannot be over-estimated. Its influ- ence goes to render friable the heavy clay and to relieve it from the tendency to bake or harden. It has an opposite effect on light or sandy soils, the particles of which it causes to adhere and so make a firm root bed, the condition so often lacking in such Boil, yet so essential to good results. The effect of humus on the water-content is to increase the amount of water possible of being held by a given volume of soil with- out doing injury to the plant root life therein. For this reason all dr^' soils are very greatly improved by humus, and for the same reason the humus should be retained 293 EXPERUIESTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 near the surface of the soil since that is the part most likely to suflFer from evapora- tion. In addition, while increasing the water holding power of a soil it increases the heat absorbing power and so promotes growth in that way ; heat and moisture, as stated above, making the best combination for rapid growth. The continued cropping of our farm lands without an adequate return of farm- yard manure or the sufficient use of clover has resulted in the poor condition of many farms. The addition of humus to such so-called fertility depleted areas soon insures good crops and an apparent return of all the virgin richness. Humus is decayed vegetable matter. — Farm-yard manure, clover roots, and green crops ploughed under are its most fruitful sources. Its place is near the surface. It can be kept there by surface cultivation. ESTIMATING COST OF PRODUCTION. The importance of determining cost of production of our grain and forage crop3 is scarcely questionable. The climatic, and soil factors must, however, always be of primary importance, and on that account all estimates must be more or less par- ticular in their bearing rather than general. In the estimates which are included in the following reports on the different crops, rent, manure, labour, material (seed, twine, &c.), and wear and tear are con- sidered. The item of supervision, of considerable moment on such farms as this, has been omitted, since most farmers in Canada do much of their own work, as well as direct the labour of such men as they employ. The digestibility of a feed is another factor which must enter materially into any consideration of its economy of production, since, as is well known, the digesti- bility of our feeding stuffs ranges from about 25 per cent of the dry matter to prac- tically 100 per cent of the whole thing. In dividing the cost of production of a grain crop between the straw and grain, however, where the digestible dry matter of the one part is so different in composition and value from that of the other, some additional standard is necessary. Since pro- tein is that part of any ration the most expensive to supply, it was decided to make the digestible protein the basis of value. It is, of course, well understood that pro- tein is not the only important constituent of straw. Frequently it is of very minor consideration indeed, as when used for litter, since about 29-30 of the whole dry matter is of equal or even greater value as absorbent material. CROP 01^ THE 200 ACRE FARM OATS. Seven varieties of oats were grown ; tliey were Banner, Siberian, Tartar King. Waverly, Goldfinder, Scotch Potato and Improved Ligowo. They were sown on land that had been in roots or corn the preceding year. As the land was not of uniform character, the results will not indicate the comparative productivity of the different varieties. The particulars of the lots sown are as follows : Banner. — 16 acres, sown May 4, 2 bushels per acre ; matured in 91 days, x\ugust 6. Yielded 45 bushels 2 pounds per acre, Meaeured bushel weighed 35 pounds. REPORT OF THE AGRICULTURIST 2S9 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Siberian. — 8 acres, sown May 2, 1| bushels per acre ; matured in 91 days, Aug- ust 1. Yielded 45 bushels 2 pounds per acre. Measured bushel weighed 31 pounds. Waverly. — 2 acres, sown May 1, 1^ bushels per acre ; matured in 97 days, Aug- ust 5. Yielded 47 bushels 8 pounds per acre. Measvired bushels weighed 35 f pounds. Tartar King. — 2 acres, sown May 1, 2 bushels per acre ; matured in 93 days, August 1. Yielded 47 bushels 1 pound per acre. Measured bushel weighed 36^ pounds. Scotch Potato. — 1 acre, sown May 1, 1| bushels per acre ; matured in 111 days, August 9. Yielded 44 bushels 19 pounds per acre. Measured bushel weighed 36 pounds. Goldfinder. — 1 acre, sown May 1, 2 bushels per acre ; matured in 111 days, Aug- ust 9. Yielded 51 bushels 16 pounds per acre. Measured bushel weighed 34i pounds. Improved Ligoivo. — 5 acres, sown May 4, 1| bushels per acre ; matured in 88 days, July 31. Yielded 47 bushels per acre. Measured bushel weighed 37i pounds. Cost of growing S5 acres of oats— Kent of land, at $3 per acre $105 00 Cultivating and ribbing in autumn, 7^ days at $2.50 .... 18 75 Cultivating and harrowing, 12 days at $2.50 30 00 I manure, at the rate of 15 tons per acre, applied in root year, valued at $1 per ton 105 00 Seed, 66 bushels at 50 cents 33 00 Sowing, 3^ days at $2.50 8 75 Eolling, 2 days at $2.50 5 00 Cutting with binder, 34 days at $2.50 8 75 Use of machinery 4 00 Twine 14 00 Shocking, 7 days at $1.25 8 75 Loading and unloading, 18 days at $1.25 22 50 Teams drawing, 6 days at $2.50 15 00 Threshing, 1,612 bushels at 2-^ cents per bushel 40 30 $418 80 Total yield, 54,815 pounds, or 1,G12 bushels 7 pounds. Average yield per acre, 1,566 pounds, or 46 bushels 2 pounds. Total straw on 35 acres, 30 tons. Cost to produce 1 bushel grain 22 -7 cts. Cost to produce 1 ton grain $13 37 Cost to produce 1 ton straw . 1 74 Cost to produce 100 pounds digestible dry matter, grain 107 "3 cts. Cost to produce 100 pounds digestible dry matter, straw 19 'S cts. BAELEY. Mensxiry. — 5 acres were sown on what had been turnip land the preceding year. Sown May 4 ; matured in 79 days, July 22. Yielded 36 bushels 33 pounds per acre. Measured bushel weighed 48 pounds. 300 EXPERlME^iTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Cost of groicing 5 acres of harJey — • . Kent of land, 5 acres at $3 per acre $15 00 Ribbing iu autumn, 1 day at $2.50 2 50 Cultivating in spring, twice, 1 4-10 days at $2.50 3 50 Harrowing, 3-10 day at $2.50 0 75 Manure, i, at the rate of 15 tons per acre, at $1 per ton . . 15 00 Seed, 8J bushels at 50 cents 4 37i Sowing, i day at $2.50 per day 1 25 Rolling, 3 hours at $2.50 per day 0 75 Cutting with binder, ^ day 1 25 Twine used, $2 ; use of machinery, $2 4 00 Shocking, 8-10 day at $1.25 1 00 Hauling, team 1 day, $2.50 ; men, 2 at $1.25 5 00 Threshing, 184 bushels at 3^ cents per bushel 6 44 $60 Sli Total yield, 1S3 bushels, 21 pounds, or 8,784 pounds. Average yield per acre, 36 bushels 33 pounds, or 1,757 pounds. Total straw on 5 acres, 4 tons. Cost to produce 1 bushel grain 33 "1 cts. Cost to produce 1 ton grain $13 84 Cost to produce 1 ton straw 1 70 Cost to produce 100 lbs. digestible dry matter, grain. ... 90-3 cts. Cost to produce 100 lbs. digestible dry matter, straw. . . ,. 18-7 cts. PEASE. Blue Prussian. — 5 acres. This crop was grown on land that had been pastured the previous year. It had been broken up early the preceding autumn. The seeding was done May 7, and the crop matured in 95 days, August 10. Intense heat dried this crop up before ripening, lessening the yield per acre considerably. The yield was 19 bushels per acre. Measured bushel weighed 63 pounds. Cost of growing 5 acres of pease — Rent of land, at $3 per acre $15 00 ^ manure, 15 tons to the acre, at $1 per ton 15 00 Ploughing shallow in autumn, at $1.50 per aci'c 7 50 Cultivating twice in autumn 1\ days 3 75 Ribbing in autumn, 1 day, $2.50 2 50 Cultivating in spring twice 1 5-10 days at $2.5i' 3 75 Seed, 10 bushels at 80 cents 8 00 Sowing, ^ day, team 1 25 Cutting, team 1 day at $2.50, men assisting, 2 at $1.25 . . 5 00 Threshing, at 2^ cents per bushel, 95 bushels 2 37 $64 12 Yield, 5,G9S pounds, or 95 bushels grain. Average yield per acre, 1,139 pounds, or 19 bushels.. Total straw on 5 acres, 4 tons 1,000 pounds. REFORT OF THE AGRICULTURIST „801 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Cost to produce 1 ton grain Cost to produce 1 bushel grain Cost to produce 1 ton straw Cost to produce 100 lbs. digestible dry matter, grain. Cost to produce 100 lbs. digestible dry matter, straw. MIXED CEOP EXPEKIMENTS. $17 33 52 3 27 110-7 cts. 43 cts. Side by side on the first year of the rotation field, that is, on what had been pas- ture the preceding year, were sown 8 plots of 2 acres each, the aim being to get some data as to the comparati\-e yields of crops grown as mixtures and as pure grains. The yields were materially affected by the bad season. The rank growth of the early part of the season made those mixtures containing pease rather more susceptible to injury from -.heat than were other mixtures or pure grains. The mixtures and pure grains- are as fellows : — Pounds. Pltit 1, pure pease, Blue Prussian, yielded 2,279 Plot 2, pure barley, Canadian Thorpe, yielded 2,140 Plot 3, pure oats. Banner, yielded 3,637 Plot 4, pease and oats, equal parts by measure 2,022 Plot 5, pease, 1 bushel, oats, 2 bushels, yielded 1,492 Plot 6, oats IJ bushels, barley 1 bushel, yielded 2,477 Plot 7, wheat ^ bushel, barley f bushel, oats 1 bushel, pease, | bushel, yielded 1,775 Plot 8, pease and oats, equal parts by weight, yielded 2,114 HAY. As in previous years, the hay crop follows the grain, which comes immediately alter roots and corn.* At tJie same time as the grain is sown a heavy seeding of timo- thy and clover is made. . Clover is sown at the rate of 6 pounds red clover and 2 pounds of Alsike per acre,- mixed with -12 pounds of timothy seed. Where surface cultivation is practised, and the surface soil for that reason particularly rich in humus, there is very little danger of a miss or failure. The first cutting of hay is principally clover, the aftermath contains usually a good sprinkling of timothy, and the next crop in the succeeding spring will be chiefly timothy with a slight admixture of Alsike. Two years under hay or hay and pasture is quite sufBcient, if it is intended to maintain or increase the fertility of the soil or if it is desired to get the very best returns from the land. The importance and advisability of giving a good heavy seeding and leaving only a short time down, was well exemplified here- this year. Twenty-two dairy cows were pastured on 10 acres and in July it was deemed advisable to cut the grass on the pasture, as it .was evident- the ca-ttle-wouM not be able to use it to advantage. From the IC acres were cut 11 tons 1,355 pounds of cured hay. BROME GRASS FOR PASTURE. A rather noticeable area in the above IG acres was a stretch of 4 acres in extent, which -had. been seeded to brome grass . It is an invaluable means of quickly fattening old or young stock, in a more or less liquid form. 318 EIPERIMEXTAL FIRMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 As to the quantities in whicli the mash should be fed. much deponds upon its stim- ulating composition or otherwise. As ordinarily made it is composed of ground grains of different sorts with cooked roots or vegetables as a part. The mash as used by a farmer in the vicinity of Brockville, and described by him in a recent letter may be taken as fairly representative, viz.: — ' Morning ration for 250 hens and pullets, one and a quarter bushels of roots, pulp- ed and made crumbly with provender. When provender alone is used, boiled meat is added.' The meat is presumably a form of waste. In many cases the soft feed is given in the afternoon. Under any circumstances the hour of feeding may be varied with benefit. As to quantity in which it is to be fed, the practice in our department has been, when fed in the morning or at noon, to give enough to satisfy but not to gorge. Be- tween the two extremes of too little and too much, as a morning or noon ration, doubt- less lies the safety line. When fed as an afternoon winter ration, a large rather than small allowance is permissible, for there is the following long night fast to permit of leisurely assimilation. In some cases it is advisable, if the mash is fed in the early afternoon, to throw a few liandsful of grain in the litter on the floor, where the layers may find it at that time, or, when daylight permits of search being made for it next morning. A PERTINENT QUERY. Past observation has led to the conclusion that when the feeding of the mash, or any other form of rations, has had an enervating effect on the layers that strong germs are not likely to follow. This is more likely in the case of old hens of the heavy breeds. Indeed, no hen out of condition is likely to lay an egg with a strong germ. This leads to the query, are hens while in winter quarters and laying well during that period out of condition? In a state of nature the hen is not likely to lay in winter weather. We make the conditions of her winter life as like those of spring, or early summer as possible, and we get eggs, but they are not as reproductive as desirable. Are compromise conditions in the shape of ' poultry house and scratching shed ' the correct ones? And in this there is room for useful and interesting experimental work. On this point it may be interesting to note the experience of Mr. William Moe, a farmer living at Franklin, Que., where the winter is rigoroiis and snowfall heavy. He says : ' We send our winter eggs to a Montreal grocer and receive 40 cents per dozen for them. Our plan of feeding grain is to throw it on the floor of the " scratching shed,'' so that the fowls will have to work to find it. We have the scratching sheds attached to our poultry houses. We got the plans from Mr. A. F. Hunter, of South Natick, Mass.' One objection to the scratching shed attachment, in certain parts of the country, has been the exposure of the laying stock to the cold of winter, but Mr. Moe evidently does not find this an obstacle to obtaining eggs in winter. Strong advocates of poultry houses, constructed on similar plans, are Mr. L. H. Baldwin, of Deer Park, Toronto, and Mr. J. M. Wilson, Manager of the Toronto Poultry Farm. Both have adopted the principle in the construction of their poultry houses, the latter on an extensive scale. The following diagram will show a poultry house with the shed attachment : — REPORT OF TUB POULTRY MANAGER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 319 Front Elevation. 1. Roosting and laying room. 2. Scratching shed. 1. Passage way. 2. Door. 3. 4. Entrance to pen. 5. Passage way to sheda There may be more than one. Groind Plan. The objection to the use of the open scratching shed, in the colder parts of the Dominion, that it is too exposed to the cold and snow storms of winter has been to a great extent overcome by having a thick cotton curtain in front of each shed to be pulled down in case of a storm and rolled up on fine, sunny days. In some cases a covered shed has been found to answer. Many farmers have opportunities for allowing their fowls a run, on fine days, in an open shed with southern face. In several cases, known to the writer, farmers have their poultry houses so arranged that their fowls have regular access to open sheds into which the sun shines brightly on many winter days. In the above diagram it would be an improvement to have the roosting and lay- ing houses the smaller of the two, and the scratching shed of the larger dimensions. It is safe to allow no less than six square feet of floor space, under any circumstances, to each hen and as much more as can conveniently be spared. BEEEDING PENS MADE UP. On the fowls going into winter quarters the following pens of fowls were mated with vigorous young males in order to obtain, if possible, early and strong chickens. The results of this experimental work are given in previous pages : — 10 White Leghorn hens, 15 Brown Leghorn hens, 10 Black Minorca hens, 6 White Minorca hens, 11 Barred Plymouth Kock hens, 8 White Plymouth Eock hens, 14 mixed hens. 320 EXPERIMEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 In addition to the foregoing the following were added at the dates designated: — 1001. Description. Hens. Pullets. Cocks. Cockerels. Jan. 4 9 9 11 17 17 17 17 25 20 20 Langshans Barred P. Rocks 11 9' 1 1 Buff Leghorns 9 11 1 Andaliisians 1 White P. Rocks 9 s" 8 1 White Wyandottes Langshans 9 1 1 Buff Leghorns 1 "Feh Barrf-d P. Rocks 9 7 9 1 Mar. Black Minorcas 1 T'inter. With the same percentage of strong germs, which gave 8 and 10 chicks out of 13 eggs, as the table also shows, and an In- cubator of 220 egg capacity the farmer should have 170 to 175 strong and robust chick- ens. The moral Is obvious. PKOGRESS MADE BY CHICKENS EED IN CRATES. On the 1st day of August the four cockerels hatched In an Incubator on 26th Feb- ruary, were put In fattening pens upstairs, and were hand fed three times per day on a ration of two parts ground oats, one part shorts, one part cornmeal, the whole being mixed with skimmed milk. Quantity fed per day, one pound. The following gains were made : — Varieties. 1. Liglit Brahmas and P. Rock cross . 2. " C. Dorking cross 8. White Wyandotte 4. White Plymouth Rock Aug. 1. Aug. 7. Aug. 15. Aug. 21. Aug. 28. Lbs. Oz. 5 10 5 12| 5 V2h 4 5" Lbs. Oz. 6 1 6 5 6 21 4 5| Lbs. Oz. 6 9 6 12i 6 10| Lbs. Oz. 6 12.^ 6 14| 4 14| Lbs. Oz. G 14J 7 9i 5 2i Sept. 4. Lbs. Oz. 7 3^ 7 12i 7 9 5 9i Soon after being put into the pen the White Plymouth Rock cockerel became sick, and was replaced on 21st August by another of the same breed. All the birds were moulting previously to, or began to moult heavily soon after being placed upstairs. This, no doubt, was a drawback to rapid flesh making. The lesson taught by this experience is that birds should be put Into the fattening pens cither before or after they begin to moult, at 4| or 5 months of age, preferably the earlier period. EXPERIMENTS WITH BIRDS IN FATTENING CRATES, LIMITED AND UNLIMITED RUNS. In order to ascertain the difference In gains made by birds In fattening crates, limited and free runs, the following comparative tests were made : — On 12th August two groups of 4 chickens in each group, and of same age, viz., 4 months and 3 days, were selected and bands with distinguishing numbers placed on one of the legs of each bird. The rations were composed of coarsely ground grains, such as farmers would likely have at hand, and of the following description and quantity, viz.: — 2 parts corn- meal, 1 part coarsely ground oats, 1 part shorts or buckwheat meal. IG— 2U 324 EXrEBIMEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. Group 1. — In fattening crate upstairs. 1902 Varietj-. Aug. 12. No. 34. White Wyandotte .... No. 33. No. 39. No. 47. Barred Plymouth Rock Lbs. Oz. lOi 2i Aug. 19. Lbs. Oz. 5 00 4 13i 4 lOi 5 9| Aug. 26. Lbs. Oz. 5 41 5 64 5 2^ 6 0 Sept . 2. Lbs. Oz. 5 6h 5 12 5 1 6 54 Sept . 9. Lbs. Oz. 5 7^ 5 14 5 4 6 10 Sept. 17. Lbs. Oz. 5 V2h 6 3^ 5 10 7 0 Gkoup 2. — Limited run. No. 30. White Wyandotte No. 40. No. 61. No. 67. 4 Ih 4 H 3 11 3 14i 4 9 4 7 4 0 4 4 4 13 4 Hi 4 3 4 8 5 2i 4 14 4 9i 4 104 5 4h 5 0 4 12i 4 15* The following will show the gains made by chickens placed in fattening pens up- stairs and others on a free run. On 19th of August four Light Brahma B. Plymouth Kock cross-bred cockerels, incubator-hatched, were picked from a number running iu a field. The birds were all three months of age. Leg bands with distinguishing num- bers were placed on the chickens. Two were placed in fattening crates upstairs, and the other two were allowed to run in a field. The following figures will show results : — • In Fattening crate upstairs. Variety. No. 2. Light Brahmas- Plymouth Rock cross. No. 3. Aucr. 19. Lbs. Oz. 3 9 3 10 Aug. 20. Sept. 2. Lbs. Oz. I Lbs. Oz 4 S 4 4 101 121 Sept. 9. Lbs. Oz. 15i 4i Sept. 17. Lbs. Oz. 5 7 5 134 Allowed free run. No. 50. Light Brahnias-Plvmouth Rock cross. No. 9. .. "" .1 34 3 14 3 9 134 34 BUFF ORPINGTOXS, EHODE ISLAND BEDS AXD SALMON FAYEROLLES OX TRIAL. During the latter part of the summer season three comparatively new comers were added to our poultry department, viz., Butf Orpingtons, Rhode Island Reds and Salmon (or Saumon) Faverolles. Bricflj' described some of the characteristics of tlie new varieties are as follows : — Buff Orpingtons.— One of three varieties of a well-known English breed com- posed of White, Black and Bulf varieties. They are strongly recommended as winter layers and rapid flesh formers. The Buff variety have light legs and a white flesh which make them particularly suited to the requirements of the English, as well as home markets. Figures showing flesh development are given further on. REPORT OF THE POULTRY MANAGER 325 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Rhode Island Reds. — As their name indicates is of eastern United States origin, and are said to be good winter layers, hardy and quick growers. Owing to a pro- nounced yellow colour of leg and tinge of flesh, they are likely, for the present at any rate, as a market fowl to be more suited to the United States taste for yellow skin, than for export. This at once limits their field of usefulness as compared with the Buff Orpington. Salmon Faverolles. — Are of French origin, although bred for some time past in England. They are the first of this breed to be brought to Canada, and are found in only one place in the United States, viz., the States Valley Farm of Simsbury, Conn. The Salmon or Saumon Faverolle is the most preferable of several types. It is a mixed breed with Houdan, Dorking, Brahma, and may be Cochin, showing in one fowl. Their merit is said to be that of a table fowl of small bone and fine quality of flesh. And un- doubtedly they are such. In the Parisian market they bring the highest price. Mr. T. H. Robinson, the English Faverolle breeder, says of them : ' that they will attain a size and weight, with less trouble, than some of our finer breeds and a young fowl of this breed will leave nothing in the way of quality to be desired.' FLESH DEVELOPMEXT OF FOUR BUFF ORPIXGTON COCKERELS. With a view of finding out their merit as flesh formers, on the 26th August four Buff Orpington Cockerels were purchased from a breeder near the city. They were hatched on 1st of June, and had received no special care or feeding. One bird showed evidence of neglect. Four Buff Orpington Coclcerds hatched 1st June, 1901. Placed in pen with Limited run on 2nd September following at 3 months and 2 days of age. Variety. Sept. 2. Sept. 9. Sept. 16. Sept. 23. Oct. 2. No. 21 No. 12 No. 20 No. 25 Lbs. Oz. 3 7^ 3 12i 3 ()| 2 13:^ Lbs. Oz. 3 12i 4 h 3 15i 3 2 Lbs. Oz. 4 4 4 y 4 6 3 S^ Lbs. Oz. 5 3i 4 2| Lbs. Oz. 5 lOi 5 11"" ••4- ■J2- The.se bird^ were not weighed again until the 11th November following, at age of 5 months and 11 days, when they were compared with "White Wyandotte cockerels of age of 7 months and 2 days. Conditions as to care and feeding were the same in both cases. Four Buff Orpingtons, at age of 5 months 11 days: — • Lbs. Oz. Xo. 21 7 2 Xo. 12 7 2h Xo. 15 6 I Xo. 20 5 10 Four ^^'. Wyandoties, 7 months 2 days old: — Xo. 61 • 7 2 Xo. 07 0 13J Xo. 40 0 74 Xc. 30 7 4J 328 EXPEnniEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 PEOGEESS or SIX EHODE ISLAXD EED COCKEEELS. Six Ehode Island Eed Cockerels hatched at different times during the month of Mar, were purchased from a breeder in Xova Scotia, and had been taken from a free run in the fields when shipped. They were strong and healthy chickens, but thin when re- ceived on 27th September. On the 4th of October they were placed in a pen, with limi- ted outside run, when the following flesh development was made. Eations same as given to other chickens, viz., 2 parts coarsely ground oats, 1 part corumeal, 1 part shorts. This ration was altered from time to time, ground barley sometimes taking the place of shorts and cornmeal at others. SIX RHODE ISLAND REDS PLACED OX LIMITED RUX. A TIIEEE MONTHS OLD CTIICKEX WAXTED. The large poultry purchasing companies in Canada call for a three months old chicken as being best suited to the wants of a certain class of customers in our home and the English markets. The chickens are wanted early and in numbers. There should be no difficulty in our farmers having such chickens by end of July or beginning of August. A fear has been expressed that a chicken of this age will not have weight. The following is the best answer. It is a result that has been attained in our depart- ment for many years, and not only by us but by many farmers : — Barred P. Eock Cockerel, hatched 10th May; weight on 10th August, 3 poimds. White P. Eock Cockerel, hatched 10th May: weight on 10th August, 3 pounds. Barred P. Eock Cockerel, hatched 17th April ; weighed on 17th July, 3 poiuids 0 oz. White Wyandotte Cockerel, hatched 17th April; weight ou 17th July, 3 pounds 5 ounces. White Wyandotte Cockerel, hatched 17th April; weight on 17th July, 3 pounds 4 ounces. L. Brahma P. E. Cross-Cockerel, hatched 17th May; weiglit on 19th August, 3 pounds 9 ounces. L. Brahma P. E. Cross-Cockerel, hatched 17th May; weight on 19th August, 3 pounds 10 ounces. COMPOSITIOX OF EAE^r EATIOXS AXD MAXXEE OF FEEDIXG THEM. The composition of the farm rations at present being fed, with the view of egg production, is much the same as those of previous years, but the time of feeding slight- ly differs. Last year mash was fed to the hens in the morning three times per week. On the remaining mornings cut green bones were given instead. At noon a light feed of oats, and at night whole grain. The pullets received mash twice per day in small quantities, and cut bone three times per week, with whole grain for afternoon ration. nnroRT of the poultry manager ^27 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 When cut bone was given tlio mash was not fed. But this treatment was found too fattening for the Plymouth Rock pullets, and the rations and times of feeding them were made the same as with the older stock. The rations this year are fed as follows : — To 110 IIexs, One to Two Years Old. — In morning, 8 pounds wheat. Noon, 5 pounds ground grains (measured dry) made into mash. Afternoon, 8 pounds wheat or buckwheat. Three times per week 8 pounds cut bone are given in lieu of the mash. Man- gels regularly given and pure water, grit and ground oyster shells are in abundant sup- ply. Sometimes steamed lawn clippings take the place of the mangels. The ground grains for the mash are 2 pounds coarse ground oats, 2 pounds cornmeal, 1 pound shorts. The reason for feeding the whole grain in the morning is that scattered in the litter on the floors of the pens, the hens start at once to search for it, and exercise is so induced. The whole grain in the afternoon is calculated to send the fowls to roost with their crops fairly well filled. To 150 Pullets of Different Ages. — Morning ration 10 pounds grain, prin- cipally wheat. Noon, 10 pounds mash. Afternoon, 10 pounds grain. Three times per week 10 pounds of cut green bones take the place of the mash. The ground grains composing the mash are: Cornmeal, 5 pounds; coarsely ground oats, 3 pounds; shorts, 2 pounds. The essentials such as roots, grit, oyster shells and pure water are in regular sup- ply. The reason for adopting the above method of feeding the pullets is the same as in the case of the hens. COST OF RATIONS. Every effort has been made to have the rations as cheap and effective as possible. All kinds of feed are, at time of writing, and have been for some months exceptionally high and in sjonpathy therewith the price of eggs and poultry has risen above the average of previous years. Calculating at present values, the price of the rations is ITut as follows : — RATIONS FOR 110 HENS FOUR TIMES PER WEEK. Cts. 16 pounds wheat at 75 cents per bushel 20 5 pounds ground grains for mash 6 Lime, grit, mangels, &c 3 29 OTHER DAYS. 16 pounds wheat 20 8 pounds cut green bone at 1 cent per pound 8 Lime, grit and mangels 3 RATIONS FOR 150 PULLETS FOUR TIMES PER WEEK. 20 pounds wheat 25 10 pounds mash 12 Lime, grit and mangels 37 328 EXPERIMEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD Vll., A. 1902 Wlieu masli is not fed on remaining three days it is replaced by 10 pounds cut green bone at 1 cent per pound, 10 cents. To tlie price of the cut boue is to be added the cost of cutting it, which would be the time of a man for an hour three times per week. WHEX THE PULLETS BEGAN TO LAY. ; The pullets hatched in incubator on 26th February, laid as follows : — ■ 1 Brown Leghorn pullet (4 months 20 days old), July 17, 1901. 2 White P. Kock pullets (5 months of age), July 28, 1901. 1 Cross-bred pullet (5 months of age), July 28, 1901. 1 White P. Rock pullet (5 months 3 days old), -August 1, 1901. Other pullets laid at the following dates : — Buff Leghorn, hatched 23rd June; 21st Xovember. Ehode Island Bed, hatched in May; 25th Xovember. Langshan, hatched in April ; 1st December. White Wyandotte, hatched in May; 2nd December. B. P. Bock, hatched in May; 3rd December. White Leghorn, hatched 4th June; 7th December. In August last, 4 Buff Orpington and 4 Faverolle pullets were imported from Eng- land. On September 2, the month following one of the Buff Orpington pullets, laid and continued to do so until the 13th of the same month when she became broody, but vas broken up. The pullets were evidently early hatched, and it is quite possible that she may have been laying before leaving England. On the 9th September, a Faverolle pullet laid apparently her first egg. DID THE EAKLY HATCHED PULLETS MOULT ? The early incubator farm hatched chickens (2Gth February) did moult in the fall, and while doing so ceased laying. The cross-bred pullet laid but a few eggs when it became broody, but was put in a pen by herself and broken up. The imported Orping- ton pullets, although apparently early hatched, did not moult. The Faverolle pullets began to moult on going into winter quarters. Further experience is required before a decision can be arrived at as to whether the early incubator-hatched pullets are better for fall layers, when the majority of hens are moulting, than late April or early May- hatched birds. If the early incubator-hatched pullet begins to lay in July or August, when eggs are cheap, and commences to moult in October or Xovember, when the price of eggs is becoming higher, the later May-hatched chicken, which usually begins to lay in Xovember and continues to do so without stoppage, is the more valuable bird of the two. But this remains yet to be decidedly proved. On this point the experience of those who have had early hatched-incubator chickens would be very acceptable and useful. It is a matter of no little importance. GOOD LAYIXG BY THE BUFF ORPIXGTOX PULLETS. Duriiig the fall months the Orpington pullets, with one exception, laid from time to time and were not pushed to do so. The exception was a pullet which had evidently become sick on the voyage out, for she had incipient roup on her arrival at our poultry department. She was at once separated from the rest, and with care and treatment was brought to comparatively good condition. She was put with the others in the sec- ond week of December, and soon after began to lay. REPORT OF TEE POl'LTRY MANAGER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 329 The record of three pullets for the first half of the month of December, and of the four for the latter portion is as follows : — ^ rt H Days of the month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 M 15 16 17 ,8 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 20 27 28 29 30 31 No. of egw.s laid by 4 Buff Orpington pullets in Dec, 1901 2 3 1 3 2 2 2 3 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 3 3 2 2 4 4 2 1 3 (57 AN EARLY MOULT— COMMENCEMENT OF WINTER LAYING. The one and two-year old hens moulted early, and went into winter quarters in good condition. Winter laying commenced on the 23rd of November. At that time the weather had turned cold and there was a snow fail which necessitated the closing in of the diiferent pens for the winter. Every effort was made to shorten the moulting period, which is really one of non- jiroduction, and gratifying success was attained. The following treatment was adopt- ed. During the first week in July the sending out of eggs for hatching purposes had ceased, and the breeding pens were broken up, the male birds being removed to a build- ing with small pens and limited runs. The hens were allowed to run in small fields in rear of the poultry buildings. During the first two or three weeks in July their ra- tions were reduced one-half, the mash being fed only once per week, and one-half in quantity. At end of July the full rations were resumed, and the mash was fed three times per week, but was mixed with cold instead of hot water. As it was not conveni- ent or desirable to feed cut bone during the hot weather of August, a preparation of meat (Spratt's Crissell) was mixed in the mash, in the proportion of 3 to 5 pounds per liundred hens. The half rations were § pound wheat or buckwheat to every 15 hens of the Mediterranean classes, and to every 20 hens of the heavier breeds. When buck- wheat is used in summer it is better to mix oats with it. The half ration of mash was fed in the same proportions. Bran was used, as a part of the mash. The full ration of Diasli was composed of coarsely ground oats, 2 parts; shorts, 1 part; cornmeal, 1 part, with Spratt's Crissell in quantity of one pound to every 15 or 20 hens. Pure water for drink was always at hand. The fields furnished clover and grass. The response to this treatment was the shedding of the old feathers and the appearance of the new ones. By the end of September or first week in October, some much earlier, the hens were over their moult and looking remarkably well. From the results obtained and obser- vation during the moult it seemed as if it were possible to shorten the season of non- production to a still greater extent. One result in the shortening of the rations was to at once reduce the egg production to almost nothing. The remarks of Dr. N. W. Sanborn, a recognized authority of the United States, in his work on ' Poultry Dis- eases,' says of the moulting period : ' So many birds pass through the moulting pro- cess with difficulty, if not disease, that it is well to call attention to it. A moulting hen is easily fattened. Hence, at this period, feed lightly of those foods which pro- duce fat. Corn, cornmeal, middlings, potatoes, must be used sparingly. Increase the amount of green bone, bran and skim milk. A run in a field of clover will be a help. Do not try to hasten the time of the moult by keeping in a warm pen or by feeding cotton seed or linseed meal. Keep all males by themselves during the moulting season. The hens should be sheltered from storms or cold rains. The ideal place for a run is an apple orchard where in addition to the grass may be found insects in fallen fruit, &c. Birds should go into the moult not fat, free from lice and with no red mites in the house.' This extract was given in report of 1896, but is valuable enough to warrant its repetition. 330 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII.. A. 1902 EED MITES. AN IXQUIEY AXD REPLY. The following? note and answer will convey information tliat will doubtless be use- ful to many poultry keepers : — ' Elcix, Oxt., December 23, 1901. ' Manager Poultry Dept., 'Experimental Farm, Ottawa. ' SiR^ — "Will you be kind enough to tell me what will get rid of lice on hens and in their house? In the summer the house and roosts swarmed with little insects that could scarcely be seen. And they are still in the house. If I go in I am covered with them. I have used a good deal of stuff, but cannot get rid of them. Hoping to get a remedv for them. ' J. J. K.' A reply was sent that the fowls should be carefully dusted with carbolic powder. If the fowls were in large numbers one of the liquid preparations was advised as the most speedy way in which to meet the difficulty. These liquid lice-destroying prepara- tions have, in recent years, been put upon the market and are said to be efficient. For red mites the following remedy was advised : — A solution of Corrosive sublimate 4 ounces. Common salt 4: " Dissolve in two to four quarts of water. When completely dissolved dilute to 25 gallons. With this carefully spray every crevice, nook and corner of the house. As the solution is highly poisonous, care should be observed in handling it. Follow by whitewashing the premises. Before returning the fowls to the poultry- house see that they are entirely free from vermin. This treatment has been found efficacious in many cases, and is the quickest and surest method of getting rid of the troublesome pests. A good plan to prevent the lodgment of lice on the roosting places and platforms is to dampen both roosts and platforms once every ten or fourteen days with coal oil. Scaly leg will also be prevented. DISEASES OF POULTRY. Symptoms of many diseases of poultry were described and remedies asked for during the year. Many of the ailments were forms of liver affection due to overfeed- ing and lack of exercise, particularly in the case of two and three-year old hens of the heavier breeds. A liver pill and a change in the manner of feeding the rations and quantity fed were advised. Many cases of cold and slight catarrh were also reported. In such cases the removal of the cause, if apparent, was advised with the use of a good condition powder and roup pills, when easily procured. Coal oil in the incipient stages is recommended. HE PORT OF THE rOVLTRY MANAGER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 stoc;k ox iiaxd ix December, 531 Breeds. liens. Pullets. Cocks. Cockerels. Ijarred P. Rocks 10 8 30 14 7 18 6 1 12 4 1 1.5 White 1 Buff P. Rock.'! 1 "" 1 1 White Wyandotte.s , lU 10 Lanjjshans Lii:;ht Brahinas Fa\erollps 1 4 4 G 10 12 1 Buff Orpingtons 2 2 6 3 1 ]jrown Leghorns White M Buff „ 8 4 14 8 8 G 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Andalusians Black Minorcas 3 White Indian Gaines White Minorcas Rhode Island Reds 1 15 4 1 L. Bra. -P. Rock Cross .3 19 Mixed Fowls 113 136 11 54 Eggs laid by different breeds from December 1, 1901, to June 30, 1902. Breeds. 10 W. Leghorn hens . 10 B. Minorca hens . . 5 II pullets 9 Andalusian hens. . 15 Brown Leghorn hen 7 Langshan hens... . 7 It pullets. . . 11 B. P. Rock hens... 20 « pullets. 8 W. P. Rock hens... 6 !■ pullets . 4 W. Wj'andotte hens 12 u pullet G W. Minorca hens. G IjuS Leghorn hens 10 M Ijullets 14 Mixed hens. 11 It pullets... 8 White Ind. Game hens 1900. Dec. 2 39 5 10 35 80 38 5 35 5 13 47 55 55 12 30 551 1901. Jan. Feb. Mar. April. May. f June 38 96 36 34 87 68 71 35 299 74 44 63 68 51 61 81 82 90 52 1,430 34 120 68 53 101 70 47 48 312 68 59 56 124 43 56 94 133 130 34 1,6.50 70 145 73 83 168 79 64 85 281 82 64 54 129 61 74 90 189 144 109 2,044 135 1.35 76 115 192 67 81 87 218 94 67 5 1.57 69 80 110 189 216 110 2,203 141 100 38 104 207 40 87 73 141 98 57 73 65 65 87 129 21 34 65 45 49 53 Broody. i'O 55 60 62 118 174 53 1,683 56 54 45 57 90 105 75 1,168 Totals. .515 722 356 478 923 350 394 428 1,.376 503 349 213 614 346 423 549 856 871 463 10,729 Remarks. As the season ad- vanced the hens of the setting breeds became broody and were given eggs, or broken up. \ These hens were j mo.stly fir.st crosses. 332 EXPERIMEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWAI^D VII., A. 1902 Number of Eggs Laid from December 1, 1900, to Xovember 30, 1901. 1900. December ^51 1901. January 1,430 February 1^650 March 2,005 April 2,126 May 1,711 June 1A34 July 465 August 335 September 181 October 222 November 198 12,003 Experiments in preserving eggs, by Mr. F. T. Sbutt, Chemist of the Experimental Farms, have been continued during the past season, and a report made by Mr. Shutt on this subject will be found appended. Ottawa, December 28, 1901. The Preservatiox of Eggs by Frank T. Siiutt, M.A., Chemist, Dominion Experimental Farms. The results of the experiments in egg preservation commenced in 1898 and con- tinued in 1899 and 1900, have already been published in the annual reports of the Experimental Farms. They go to show that of all the preservative fluids and methods used none gave such uniformly satisfactory results, as regards quality of the preserved egg, as saturated lime-water, and, further, that this was the least expensive and most pleasant to handle of all the fluids employed. Further trials have been made during the past season, using (1) lime-water, (2) lime-water containing 1 per cent comm.on salt, (3) lime-water containing 2 per cent common salt, (1) common salt, 1 per cent, (5) common salt, 2 per cent. We also tested the efiicacy of the following methods: — (G) smearing the eggs with vaseline and (a) immersed in lime-water, and (b) set away in rack, (7) covered with paraffin and im- mersed in lime-water, and (8) dipping in saturated solution of potassium permanga- nate and set away in rack, (9) sodium aluminate, 5 per cent solution. The experi- ments began May 14, 1901, and the eggs were examined on December 14, 1901, a period of 7 months. Saturated Lime-water. — 'White,' somevrhat more limpid than in fresh egg and tinged faintly yellow. Yolk, globular, and in one or two eggs, attached to shell. No offensive smell, and appearance, both externally and internally, good. Discoloration of 'white' somewhat more pronounced on poaching with dcA-elopment of very faint musty odour. Though not equal to fresh egg in flavour, they are quite usable and in no degree offensive. EErOET OF TEE POl'LIRY MANAGER 333 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Saturated Lime-water, containing 1 per cent common salt. — Very good as to ap- pearance, botli externally and internally; 'white,' very slightly tinged, but a little more limpid than in saturated lime-water alone. Yolk, globular; air-space, normal. Faint odour, somewhat more strongly marked on poaching. Nothing disagreeable in uncooked or cooked egg; quite usable, but lacking the flavour of a fresh egg. Com- pared with eggs in saturated lime-water only, they are on the whole perhaps slightly superior. Saturated Lim^-water and 2 per cent common salt. — 'White,' quite limpid and slightly brownish. Fairly well preserved, but not equal to eggs in either of the fore- going liquids. Common salt, 1 per cent solution. — In appearance, both externally and internally, four of the eggs were very similar to those kept in lime-water, but they possessed a more marked musty odour. In two of the eggs the ' white ' was limpid and yellowish, the yolk had lost its globular form, and the smell was disagreeable. Common salt, 2 per cent solution. — ' White." very limpid. Yolk, reddish-black and of the consistency of jelly; very bad smell. All the eggs were quite spoilt and un- usable. Eggs smeared with vaseline and I'ept in lime-water. — 'White,' more markedly dis- coloured than those in lime-water simply ; musty smell, somewhat inferior to eggs kept in lime-water without vaseline covering. Eggs smeared with vaseline and I'ept in raclx. — 'White,' slightly discoloured; pos- sesses faint musty odour, but fairly good; apparently somewhat better than eggs in preceding test. Eggs covered with paraffin and l-ept in lime-water. — 'White,' slightly tinged with yellow ; yolk, thin and degraded in one or two of the eggs ; musty smell. Eggs decid- edly inferior to those in lime-water simply. External appearance rough and unattrac- tive, due to paraffin. Eggs dipped for half a manutc in saturated permanganate of potash solution, and Jcept in raclx'. — Eggs considerably dried in, air-space abnormally large, showing the * white ' very limpid and quite discoloured ; very musty odour. The majority of the eggs were considered as decidedly bad and unlit for use. Sodium, aluminate, 5 per cent solution. — 'White," slightly tinged; general appear- ance, good; faint musty odour. COKCLUSIOXS. The preservative solutions that gave the best results were lime-water and the lime- water containing 1 per cent salt. There was not much difference between the eggs, cooked or uncooked, to sight, smell or taste, kept in these two solutions, but such as there was, we considered, showed the eggs in the latter to be slightlj- the better. The addition of salt to the lime-water to an extent exceeding 1 per cent would appear to be no advantage; indeed, when the salt present amounted to 2 per cent we noticed that the quality of the preserved eggs had suffered. The 1 per cent solution is prepared by dissolving 1^ ounces of common salt in each gallon of tiio saturated lime- water. The common salt solutions without lime, both 1 per cent and 2 per cent, caused the eggs to have a more marked and disagreeable odour, especially on' cooking. AH the eggs in the 2 per cent fluid were unusable. 33^ EXPERiiiEyTAL rinns 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Yascline-covered eggs -were not quite as well preserved as those simply in lime- water. The paraffin-covered eggs were decidedly inferior to those simply preserved by lime-water. The eggs dipped in a solution of permanganate of potash were decidedly bad, showing that the claims for this much vaunted chemical are without foundation. In summing up the conclusions from the work of 1901, we feel justified in repeat- ing the statement that saturated lime-water is a most effective preservative. We can further say that it is a cheap, easily prepared and pleasant fluid to handle. The addi- tion of a small amount of salt (not exceeding 1 per cent) appears to be an advantage, but a larger amount — even 2 per cent — of salt is decidedly detrimental to the quality of the preserved eggs. 1-2 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 A. 1902 EXPERIMENTIL FARM FOR THE MARITIME PROVINCES EEPORT OF E. EOBERTSON, SUPEEINTENDEXT. Nappan, N.S., November 30, 1901. To Dr. Wm. Sauxders, Director Dominion Experimental Farms, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit herewith my third annual report, it bcinff the fourteenth annual report of operations on the Experimental Farm for the maritime provinces at Nappan, N.S. The season was not favourable for the majority of crops, although especially fav- ourable for hay and corn. The early wet spring benefited the hay crop, which was good, especially on the upland. The early grain was quite promising until toward reaping time, when the con- tinuous warm dry weather caused it to ripen prematurely; the result being that most of the grain was light per bushel, and did not yield nearly as many bushels as was ex- pected. The late sown grain was extremely poor. Eoots were a fair crop. The field corn was the best we have ever had. The warm weather was extremely favotirable for this crop, which matured well. The catch of clover was fairly good, but has made nothing like the usual growth. Tlie after grass was very poor, and as a result all cattle in this section are very much thinner in flesh than they have been at the siKue period during the last four ycar.^. About the usual number of people visited the farm this year. The largest excur- sion for the season was from Fox Creek, N.B., on July 20. Many smaller groups or picnics, of from 20 to 100, came from time to time during the summer. I again wish to acknowledge the valuable services of Mr. Thomas Coates, farm 'foreman, who kept records of all grain experiments, and took charge of general farm work, and of Mr. Eobert Donaldson, herdsman, under whose charge all the experiments witli stock were carried on. WEATHER. December commenced quite cold, moderating, however, on the 4th, with a drifting snow storm on the 5th. Tliis made very good sleighing, which continued for the winter. The thermometer registered 3° below zero on the 9th, and continued below zero until the 12th, when 12" below zero was reached. It soon moderated somewhat, and on the 1:1th we had another snow storm which made good roads. The thermometer again went below zero on the ICtli, and on the ISth 11° below zero was reached. The month from this time out was not very cold, with the exception of the 28th, when zero was again reached. The 2nd and 3rd of January, registered 2° and 6° below zero respectively. It kept quite cold and fine until the 12th and 13th, when a heavy drifting snow storm made it necessary to break out roads, which were drifted full in many places. The mercury 335 336 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 fell to zero on the 14th, and 9° below on the loth, 6° below on the 19th, and 10^ below on the 23rd. The weather was again fine until the 25th, when it came in mild, with rain on the 2Gth and 27th, turning cold again, however, and continuing so until the end of the month. There was a heavy fall of snow on the Ord of February, which made road breaking again necessary, and on the 8th another snow storm blocked the roads. With one ex- ception the balance of the month was fine and moderate, but the temperature fell to 3° below zero on the 23rd, followed with moderate weather and a heavy storm on the 24th, which again drifted the roads full of snow. March started fine but cold, moderating somewhat until the 7th, v.-hen the ther- mometer fell to 10^ below zero. It soon moderated again, and on the 9th snow, follow- ed with some rain and wind, which soon took off much snow. The remainder of the month was fairly moderate, taking off the snow gradually: and on the 22nd a heavy warm rain with wind took off most of what remained, and broke up sleighing. The weather continued open, and another rain followed on the 2Sth. April opened fine with no very cold weather. It rained on the 5th, and again on the 11th, after which fine dry weather continued. On the 19th some seeding was done, but it set in wet on the 22ud, the weather being broken until the 26th; the balance of the month being fine. May commenced fine with cold weather on the 2nd, when the last spring frost was recorded of 6°. The 4th was wet, and it continued dull until the 8th, when fine wea- ther was broken by a rain on the 13th. It continued fine again until the 23rd, after which the month was broken and dull. No very great amount of rain fell during this month, but enough to retard seeding operations very much, and while the spring was earlj% yet the majority of the crops were late sown on account of the continuous dull weather. June opened dull, but there was very fair weather the greater part of the month, with slight rains on the 2nd, 10th, 13th and 24th. The thermometer registered 81°, 83° and 80° on the 26th, 27th and 29th respectively. July was exceptionally fine "ond dry, having only slight showers on the 8t]i and 15th. The mercury was up to 81°, 80°, 81°, 86°, 85°, 82°, 80° and 82° as the highest on the 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th, 16th, 18th, 22nd and 23rd respectively. August was fine, with the exception of dull weather and light showers on the 6th, 9th and 10th. The temperature was up to 83°, 80°, 84°, 81°, 80° and 81° on the 1st, 6th, 7th, 24th, 28th and 30th respectively. The summer months were more continu- ously warm than usual, with no very extreme heat. The dry weather continued through August, affecting the crops very much. September commenced fine, but dull weather and occasional showers continued after the first week until the 19th, when the first heavy rain of the season fell. This materially helped the crops still growing. The weather continued broken for three days, after which the month was fine. A temperature of 83° and 85° is recorded for the 6th and 7th respectively. This month throughout was unusually warm. October commenced fine, but broken weather on the 3rd was followed by fine wea- ther until the 18th and 19th, when it was again wet until the 2Gth. The remainder of the month was fine. The first frost of the season to strike here was on the 8th October, the thermometer registering then 1°, and on the 22nd 10° of frost is recorded. The weather was then moderate until the 28th, when the mercury again fell below freezing. The first of Xovember was fine, with snow and some rain on the 10th. It kept fine, with occasional frosts until the 25th, when we had a heavy rain and wind storm, followed by cold weather. METEOROLOGICAL RECORD. Maximum and minimum thermometrical observations for the year beginning with December 1, 1900, and ending Xovember 30, 1901. REPORT OF MR. R. ROBERTSON SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 337 Month ^Maximum. Minimum. December, 1000 J31st 39° above zero. January, February March April May June July August September October November 1901 23rci and 2()th 39' above zero 2Gtli tJ'J" abo^•e zero 2(:th 45" „ 19th and 28th C4° above ztio. 22nd 75' above zero. 27th 83° 15th 80° 7th 84° M 7th 85° .. 13th fiS° M 1st 02° ., LSrh 11° below zero. 23rd 10° 23rd 3° 7th 10° 3rd 23° above zero. 2nd 20° .. IGth 35° 1. 25th 39° 22nd 40° 20th 33° 22nd and 29t]i 22° above zero. 24th 9" abo\ e zero. EXPEEIMEXTS WITH OATS. Sixty-four varieties of oats Avere sown in uniform plots of one-fortieth acre each on May 1. The soil Avas a clay loam, and was previously in mangels, having been ma- nured for that crop with .30 one-horse cart loads of manure per acre, which was put on in the spring of 1900, and to which 200 pounds of complete fertilizer was added be- fore the rows were run up for the crop. The land was plouglied after the mangel crop was removed in the fall of 1900, and this spring was worked up by going over it twice with the spring-tooth harrow and once with the smoothing liarrow. Xo fertilizer of any kind was used for the grain crop. The seed was sown at the rate of 21 bushels per acre with the Wisner seed drill. The tield was seeded down to clover and timothy at the rate of 3 pounds of alsike, 7 pounds mammoth red clover and 12 pounds timothy seed per acre. This seed was sown with an attachment to the seeder at the same time the grain was sown. The crop t)f straw was generally good, and -stood up well. It was bright and free fi'om rust. The majority of the plots had some smutty heads in them, but none were badly affected. The results obtained from this test are given in the following table : — Oats — Test of Varieties. Name of Varietj'. Date of Ripening. Cieam Egyptian ' Aug. 10 . Cromwell « 22. Kosedale n 10. Aby.ssinia ■< 17. American Beauty ■> 18. Oderbiueh .. 10. Whitf .Sclionen ■■ 15. Early ( Jolden Prolific . . 10. Flying Scotchman m 10. r)lai;k Mesdag m 6. Black Beauty u 9. Siberian n 18. Improved American u 18. Bavarian ., 18. Lincoln .t 18 . Pense ■■ 10. Hazlett'.s Seizure. , « 10. Prolific Black Tartarian .. 18., Mennonite « 18. , White Giant .i 10 . . Newmarket , 9 M 9 „ 9 „ 8 M 8 „ 9 Kind of Head. Sided Branching Sided Branching Sided Branching. Sided Branchiii''. Lbs. Yield per Acre. 5,200 0,000 5,000 5.480 4,800 5,000 5,000; 4,400! 07 5,000! 07 4, 000, 05 5,000; 05 4.200 05 4,800! 05 a,OSO[ 05 4,800 G4 4,800 04 4,000 03 5,400 63 4.400' 03 4,280 03 5,000 03 %^ 40 30 40 40 37 38 34 35 4(1 34 34 35 30 30 37 37 37 .35 34 .30 30 338 EXrERIilEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Oats — Test of Varieties — Concluded. ■•Same of Variety. Banner ... Early Blossom White Russian Abundance Joanette Buckbee's Illinois Early Maine Bonanza. . Wallis Kendal Early Archangel Improved Ligowo Thousand Dollar Golden Beauty Milford.. Tartar King Golden Tartarian Sensation Early < Gothland California Prolific Black Scotcli Potato Olive American Triumph Golden Giant Irish Victor Danish Island . Holstein Pr'^lific Pioneer Wide Awake Salter's Big 4 Miller Goldfinder Columbus King Oxford Waverley New Zealand Brandon Holland Master Kussell Longhoughton Salines Date of Ripeninc Aug. 16. 16. 14. 16. 10. 18. 17. 10. 18. 10. 8. l.T. 10. IS. 10. 10. 22. 11 ! 16. 18. 16. 16. 22. 22. 15. 18. 15. 18. 18. 14. 18. 18. 18. 10. 18. 16. 22. 18. 18. 18. 18. IS. 17. Chancter i of Straw. z; !h3 In. 107 107 105 107 101 109 108 101 109 107 00 100 107 109 107 101 113 102 107 109 107 107 113 113 100 109 106 109 109 105 109 109 109 107: 109 107 113 109 109 109l 109 109i 108 -^s In. Stiff 10 to 8 jO „ 8 Medium . 7 43 iStiff Ij 43 Medium. . (J 40 SStiff. ... 0 45 I M . 40 ,- . Med i um . Stiff. .. Medium. Stiff....! Mediiim . Stiff .... Medium Stiff 9 9 9 8 0 ,. 8 7 ..10 0 l6 I IS 16 iO 10 0 0 '0 0 7 !o 42 I Medium. . 0 45 .. ..0 46 Stiff 0 42 7 40 „ 6 17 ., 9 7 .. 9 0 ,. 8 |0 „ 8 :o „ 8 0 „ 9 7 .. 9 7 ..10 0 „ 9 7 .. 9 lO ., 9 io ., 8 ,7 „ 9 9 8 9 8 9 Kind of Head. Branching Sided Branching Sided..... Branching ISided. Branching Sided Branching Sided..... Branching Sided. ... Branching Sided. .. Branchins Sided. . . Half Sided Branching Half Sided Branching 4,680 4,500 4,280 5,000 4,200 4,000 4,000 4. LOO 4,400 5,000 4,800 3,800 4,200 5,000 4,200 4,800 6,000 5,000 4,400 4,600 4,200 4,200 4,200 4,200 4,600 4,200 3,800 4,200 4,400 4,280 5,00:' 3,800 4,200 4,200 4,200 3,80 > 4,400, Yield per Acre. Lbs. pa 5,000 63 5,000 02 4,000 02 4,000 02 4,5fK) 02 5,000 62 62 61 61 61 00 00 CO 00 GO CO 60 58 58 58 58 58 58 57 57 57 57 57 56 56 56 55 55 54 51 51 49. 48 47 47 47 44 44 36 40 37 35 35 37 36 364 37 36 40 38 38 36 39 37 35 36 38 35 38i 36 39 37 34 36 37 38 38 35 38 35 36 38 40 38 37 38i 38 38^ 38.^ 39 35 EXPERIMENTS WITH BAELEY. The different varieties of barley were sown May 11. The soil was of a clay loam character, and was previously in corn. It was manured for this crop in the spring of 1900, with 30 one-horse cart loads of stable manure per acre. After the corn crop was removed in the fall of 1900, it was ploughed, and before seeding to grain this spring it was worked up by going over it twice with the springtooth and once with the smooth- ing harrows. Thirty varieties of six-rowed and twenty-two varieties of two-rowed sorts were sown. The seed was sown with the Wisner seed drill at the rate of two bushels per acre. The land was also seeded down to timothy and clover at the rate of 3 pounds alsike, 7 pounds mammoth red clover, and 12 pounds timothy per acre, No fertilizers of any sort were used with this grain. The plots were one-fortieth acre each. The majority of the plots had smut in them, but in every case the injury from tliis cause was slight. The straw was stiff, and stood up well. It was free from rust. The following results were obtained from these test plots : — JREPORT OF MR. R. ROBERTSON SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 BARLEY, SIX-ROWED — TEST OF VARIETIES. 339 Name of Variety. Common Odeibruch Odessa Baxter Mensury Claude Hnlless Black Yale Albert Excelsior Success Argyle Champion Vanguard Nugent HuUess White... Petschora Em])ire Rennie's Improved Garfield Brome Pioneer Phoenix Troojjer Royal Sumuat Surprise Mansfield Stella Blue Long Head . . . Date of Ripening. Is! —^ 3 i Length "o H of o g Straw. Character of Straw. August .5. 7. H 7. 7. 7. " 7. 5. n 12. 5. 5. 5. 7. 12. 7. 7. 10. 8. 15. 15. 12. 15. Inches. 44 43 44 44 42 46 34 44 40 48 41 43 46 44 41 36 44 45 45 46 43 43 43 40 40 43 42 42 42 40 Medium Stiflf" . . Medium Stiff'.'. . Medium Stiff" . . Medium Stifif.. . . Medium Stiff.. . . Medium Stiff.. . . Medium Stiff.. .. Length of Head. Inches. Uto2 2i 2| 3" 3 2i 2 2 3 3 2h 3 3 2 3 24 2i 2 2 2i 3 2h 2" 2i 2i 2h 2i 24 3 Weight of Straw. 2 2 U 2" 2 H 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Lbs. 5,880 5,400 5,080 5,520 4,000 .5,000 5,400 4,800 4,000 5,080 4,600 4,400 4,400 4,600 4,000 5,000 3,600 3,480 3,180 4,600 4,000 4,400 4,400 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 3,600 3,400 4,000 Yield per Acre. W Hi 64 8 61 32 60 .. 59 8 56 32 52 24 50 40 50 40 50 .. 50 .. 49 8 48 16 47 24 47 24 47 24 46 32 46 32 46 32 46 32 45 40 45 .. 44 8 42 44 41 32 41 32 40 40 40 .. 40 .. 38 16 38 16 BARLEY, TWO-ROWED — TEST OF VARIETIES, I W( ight per Bushel. Lbs. 48 49 48 49 48 49 61 47 49 40 40 48 37 48 48 59 47 48 48 49* 48" 49 49 48 47 49 48 46 49 43 Name of Variety. Beaver French Chevalier, Bolton Newton St-^ndwell Canadian Thorpe, Prize Prolific Kirby Leslie Sidney Danish Chevalier. Nepean Harvey Gordon Invincible Logan ... ...... Kinver Chevalier Clifford Victor Dunham Fulton Jar»is Date of Ripening. Aug. 10.. .- 14.. u 10.. M 15. „ 15.. „ 15.. >, 14.. 8. ., 15. H 15. „ 15. n 15. :, 15. ., 14 M 14. n 15. „ 15. M 14 „ 15. M 15. ,. 15. „ 14. Length of Straw. Inches. 40 42 41 41 42 42 36 43 42 41 38 44 42 46 38 46 33 \2 j2 43 42 43 Character Straw. Medium . Stiff. Medium . . StifiF Medium, Stiff Medium . Stiff Medium . Stiflt.. .. Length of Head. Inches. to 4 M 4 ,t 3 .. 3 „ 3 M 3 ,. 3i „ 3" „ 3 M 3 „ 4 " o M 3 M 3 M 3 „ 3 M 4 „ 3 u 4 Weight of Straw. Lbs. 5,800 5,000 4,800 4,080 3,600 5,200 4,000 4,200 4,600 3,800 3,200 4,000 4,400 4.800 4,600 3,880 3,000 3,200 3,200 3,800 3,000 3,000 Yield [Weight per Acre. PQ i-:i 56 32 52 24 45 45 45 44 8 42 24 40 40 39 8 38 16 38 16 •:>( 24 36 32 o6 32 35 40 35 40 33 16 3:! 16 30 40 30 40 30 27 24 per Bushel. Lbs. 50 50 .50 50 48 49 40 49 48 50 49 49 49J 48 49 49 49 50 48 48 47 47 16—2 ooi 340 EXPEJUilEMAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 EXPERIMEXTS WITH SPRING WHEAT. The soil on which these experiments were eonducted was a clay loam. The pre- vious crop was mangels, and the land received for this crop, 30 one-horse cart loads of maniire per acre put on in the spring? of 1900, to which was added 200 pounds complete fertilizer per acre. The land was ploughed after the mangel crop was removed, and this spring it was worked up by going over it twice with the springtooth and once with the smoothing harrow. At the time of seeding 3 pounds alsike, 7 pounds mammoth red clover, and 12 pounds timothy seed per acre was sown with the grain. The seed was sown with the Wisner seed drill, which carries an attachment through which the clover and timothy are sown at the same time. The wheat was sown on April 30, at the rate of 1| bushels per acre, and no fertilizer of any kind was used. The size of the plots was one-forti- eth of an acre each. The straw was bright and practically free from rust. There was no smut whatever. The straw was stiff and none lodged. The grain filled out well considering the dry season. The results obtained from the seventy-one varieties under tost arc given in the following table : — WHEAT — TEST OF VARIETIES. Name of Variety. Date of C c3 t Character of "o Kind of 1 m Yield per Ripening. o ■& Straw. "S) Head. tb Acre. ■^ ' 6 s In. In. Lbs. Bush. Lbs. Lbs. Roumanian Aug. 21.. 113 46 Stiff .... 2 to 3 .Bearded.... 5,000 40 61i Weldon „ 21.. 113 59 M 2 ., 3 j Beardless... 4,810 35 20 60.^ 60i Advance » 17.. 109 48 M 2 „ 3 'Bearded.... 4,800 35 20 Hastings „ 20. . 112 44 Medium . 2 M 3 Beardless. .. 3,600 34 40 60^ Beaudry „ 21.. 113 46 1 M 2 „ 3 Bearded.... 4,200 34 40 60 Crown. . „ 20. . 112 52 Stiff ... 2 >, 3 .1 .... 4,600 34 40 59 Hungarian.. .. ly.. 111 47 Medium. . 3 „ 31 11 .... 4,400 ^ 34 (iO Colorado .. 18.. 110 48 iStiff 2 H 3 1, .... 4,200 34 oii White Connell .. 21.. .. 20.. 113 112 46 47 2 M 3 Beardless. . . 2 M 3 tBearded.... 4,400 4,600 34 34 60 Nerval 61 Clyde M 20.. ., 20.. 112 112 50 50 2 H 3 .Beardless... 2 „ 3 1 4,480 4,800 34 3:3 20 59 Admiral 00 Preston „ 18.. 110 50 3 H 3i Bearded .... 4,480 33 20 61 .. 18.. ., 20.. 110 112 46 2.. 3 , 2-3 3,800 5,400 33 33 20 20 til Alpha 52 1 60 .. 21.. ., 19.. „ 10. . 113 111 111 50 50 1 .. 46 Medium.. 2 .1 3 Beardless. .. 4,800 4,800 4,000 33 32 32 20 40 40 60 Red Fern 2 M 3 2 „ 3 Bearded 60 I'lumper 61 .Tapanfse ., 20. . ., 20.. 112 112 46 Stiff 44 Medium. . 2 M 3 2 M 3 4,120 4,120 32 32 40 40 58 Blair 60 ., 20.. .. 19.. 112 111 46 Stiff 44 iWeak .... 2 „ 3 1 Beardless... .3,880 3,800 32 32 61 llerisson Bearded 14., 2 Bearded 60 Harold ., 19.. 111 45 Medium. . 2 „ 3 M .... 3,400 3> 40 60 Stanley .. 20. . 112 46 Stiff 2 „ 3 Beardless. . . 3,800 30 40 01 Chester .. 20.. 112 42 » ... 2 „ 3 3,440 30 Ad 60 Rio Grande .. 19.. 111 50 2iu 4 Bearded .... .3,720 30 40 60 Monarch .- 21.. 113 48 „ . ... 2 „ 3 Beardle.ss . . . 4,280 3(» 40 60 ., 21.. , 1!). . 113 111 42 ' 50 1 .. 2 M 3 2.. 3 4,000 4,000 30 :io 61 Percy 60 Pringle"s Cliamplain ., 18.. 110 47 Medium. . ,2 M 3 Bearded .... .3,400 30 60 Laurel ,. 21.. 113 48 'stiff 2 ., 3.^ Beardless . . . 4,1 "20 30 59 Campbells White Chaff. . . „ 18. . 110 48 -1 2 H 3 4,800 30 61 Red Swedish „ 18.. 110 48 .. 2 „ 3i Bearded . . . 3,8 0 30 ril Whit« Fife ., 21.. 113 48 ., 2 n 3 Beardless . . . 4,200 30 60 Minnesota No. 16.3 „ 21.. 113 46 2 „ 3 Beardless. . . 4,680 30 60 No. 181 .. 21.. 113 47 |2 n 3 4,800 29 20 60 Wellman"s Fife ., 21.. 113 50 2 ,. U, 4,360 28 40 .59 Blenheim u 19.. , 111 50 J 2 „ Z\ Bearded 3,720 28 40 59 REPORT OF MR. R. ROBERTSON 341 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 WHEAT — TEST OF VAKiETiES — Concluded. Name of Variety. Rideau Countess Speltz Red Fife Australian No. 10.. . Early Riga Ladoga Crawford fJbert . Fraser Dion's . Australian No. 25.. . Dawn Bishop Cassel . Goose Progress Huron Duflferin Angus Cartier . Beauty Essex Australian No. 27 . . . No. 13... Captor Minnesota No. 169 . Australian No. 23. . . Minnesota No. 149 . . Robin's Rust Proof. Australian No. 9.. . . No. 19 . . Benton Date of Ripening. Aug. 20.. „ 21.. -, 21.. ., 19.. ,. 26.. „ 15.. ,1 16.. „ 20.. „ 20.. „ 19.. „ 19.. „ 26. . >, 19.. ,, 21.. ,. 21.. .. 20.. - 20.. „ 19.. M 19.. „ 20.. „ 20.. „ 19. . „ 21.. M 26.. M 20.. M 21.. ,. 21.. .. 26.. M 21.. M 21.. -, 26.. M 26.. M 21.. 112 113 113 111 118 107 108 112 112 111 111 118 111 113 113 112 112 111 111 112 112 111 113 118 118 113 113 118 113 113 118. 118 113 Character of Straw. Stiff. Weak . . Stiff Medium . Stiff Medium , Stiff In. 2 to 3 2 „ 3 M 3 ., 3 .. 3 „ 3 „ 3 „ 3 „ 3 „ 3 „ 3 M 3 M 3 M 2h M 2i „ 3' „ 2i „ 3" ,. 3 „ 2K i. 2i „ 3h „ 3" >, 3 „ 21 " ^' II 3 n 3 n 3^ „ 3 „ 3 M 3 Kind of Head, Beardless Bearded . . Beaidless. Bearded . . Beardless. Bearded . . Beardless . Bearded . . Beardless . Bearded . . Beardless Bearded . . Beardless . Yield per Acre. Lbs. 4,400 3,600 2,800 3,400 4,680 3,200 3,800 3,000 3,000 3,400 3,400 3,580 3,400 3,400 3,320 3,500 3,400 3,800 3,400 3,400 2,800 2,920 2,580 3,200 3,400 3,400 3,400 3,000 3,400 4,400 3,400 3,080 2,920 Bush. Lbs. 28 28 28 27 27 26 20 20 26 26 26 26 26 20 26 20 25 25 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 23 22 22 22 20 20 20 20 Lbs. 59 00 41 00 59i 60 GOh 00 60 59 61 59 60 61 59* 61i 60 60 60 00 59i 59 58^ 59 59i 59 59 59i 59 GO 59 59i 58i EXPERIMENTS WITH PEASE. Eifty-seven varieties of pease were sown on one-fortieth acre plots on May 2. The previous crop grown on this land was turnips, which received 18 one-horse cart loads of stable manure, and 200 pounds complete fertilizer per acre. The land was ploughed after the turnip crop was taken off, and this spring was worked up by going over it twice with the springtooth and once with the sm'.othing harrow. The soil was a clay loam. No fertilizer was used for this crop. Timothy and clover seed at the rate of 3 pounds alsike, 7 pounds mammoth red clover ,and 12 pounds timothy per acre was sown with the grain. The pea aphis was not troublesome this season, and has apparently disappeared. The results obtained from these tests are as follows :^ 312 EXPEIilMEyTAL FAIiilS PEASE — TE?T OF VARIETIES. 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 c 1m > 2 t •i Xame of Variety. Date of Character of o J3 Size of Yield per - 3 +3 Ripening. o Growth. bo bo -a Pea. Acre. bL 1 6 25 i-3 i ^ ^ v ^ In. Lbs. In. Bush. Lbs. Lb3. Aug. 22.. ,. 31.. 112 121 Strong — ' 48 36 5, 4002 to 2i [Medium.... 1 50 50 62 Pearl 5,200 2 „ 2i „ 61 „ 28.. ,. 29.. 118 , 1191 , t 50 48 5,000 2 M 3 5,600 2 „ 3 Laree . ... 48 48 40 40 6U Victoria 60 Pride „ 28.. .. 31.. „ 28.. 118 121 118 : ::;: 50 45 48 5,400,2 „ 3 5,400 2 ., 3 Medium .... Large 46 40 46 40 40 40 61 Elder 61 Bright 5,200 2 „ 3 62 u 17.. .- 31.. „ 28. . 107 121 118 48 46 48 5,000 5,600 14„ 2 2 -3 Small Medium .... 45 45 44 20 20 40 62 62 Elliot 5,600 U- 2 60 Agnes Crown . . M 28.. 118; 50 5,480 2 M 3 44 40 62 >, 25.. 115: 43 4,000 1 „ 2 SmaU 44 62 Paragon „ 18.. 108, Weak. .. 30 3,600 1 „ 2 Medium 43 20 62 Oddfellow .. 28.. 118 Strong. . . . 46 4,600 1 „ 2 II .... 43 20 62 Large White Marrowfat „ 28. . 118 53 4,800 3 „ 3|;Large 43 20 i^l\ Prince Albert .. 27.. 117 46 5,200 2 .. 3 Medium .... 43 20 61 Multiplier -. 28.. 118 48 5,600 2.-3 43 20 62 Herald „ 30. . 120 48 5,000 2 „ 2i 42 40 62 Bruce „ 28.. 118 48 5,400 2 >, 3 'Large 42 40 61 J, Duke .. 23.. ,. 29.. 113 119 .... 50 50 5,0i;0lU., 2 Medium Large .... 42 42 40 40 61 Dover 5,000 2 „ 3 63 Kent „ 31.. 121 50 4,400 2 „ 3 M 42 40 61 Wisconsin Blue „ 28.. 118 44 4,200 2 „ 3 Medium 42 40 62 !Macoun ., 28.. lis 48 4,000 2 M 3 42 40 63 Kelson ,. 18.. 108 46 4,400 2 ■■ 3 II .... 42 40 63 Archer „ 23.. 113 50 4,400 2 „ 2\ II .... 42 63 „ 29.. .. 29.. 119 119 46 48 4,800 5,000 2 „ 3 2 „ 3i Large 42 42 62 Mackay 61 Chelsea ,. 31.. 121 48 5,600 2 ,- 3 M 42 61 New Potter .. 27.. 117 50 5,600 2 ,. 3 11 42 6^ White Wonder .. 17.. 107 35 4,000 2 ., 3 Medium 41 20 62 Cooper Prussian Blue ■■ 23. . 113 48 4,600 2 „ 2i II 41 20 63 „ 23.. 113 48 4,200 2 ., 3 , 41 20 6H M 18.. 108 46 5,000 2., 2i II .... 40 40 63 French Canner , 23.. 118 48 5,000!2^M 3 It 40 40 62 M 17.. ., 21.. 107 111 50 48 4,600 U„ 2 4,200'2".. 2i Large 40 40 40 40 61 Perth 62 M 18,. ,. 23, . „ 23.. ; „ 29.. 108 113 113 119 50 46 52 54 4,800|2 ,t 3 Medium.. . . Small Medium Large 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 62 3,800 4,400 4,400 1 M 2 2 M 2h 2 >, 3" 62i 63 Lanark 61 , u 17.. ,. 2.5 . „ 18.. ,. 18.. „ 27.. 107 115 108 108 117 '.! :::: 50 48 43 41 50 4,200|2 M 2i 3,720 2 „ 2i 4,200 li„ 2" 3,800 2 ,- 3 4,60fi|2 >, 3 Small .... Medium .... Large 38 38 38 38 38 40 40 40 63 Daniel O'Rourke 63 62 62J! Black-ej'ed Marrowfat .... 62 Trilby Mummy I „ 29.. 119 49 4. 600, 2 M 3 37 2i> 6U .- 27.. 117 50 4,.580 2 .- 3 Medium .... 36 40 62J, Aluia .. 18.. 108 48 4,200 2 M 2i , 36 40 62 Carleton ,. 28.. i .. 2S.. 118 1 118 i " ■ • 40 42 3,600,1.1., 2 4,000|2"n 2i Small Medium . . . . 36 36 40 40 62J! Fen ton 61 English Grey .. 30.. i 120 , 50 4,200;2 -, 3 1 II 36 40 61 Centennial ,. 23.. ' 113 .1 . . . 51 3,800 2 .. 2i II 35 20 63 1 ,- 29.. ,r 22.. ,- 28.. 111) 112 11 fi i ',', :.:'. 46 ] 50 1 48 3,R«0,2 M 3 4,600 2 .. 3 3,400 2 „ 3 Large JMedinm.. . . 33 25 20 20 20 61 62 Bedford (i3 „ 31.. 121 Small . . . 1 36 3,800 1 n 2 iSmall 22 63 1 1 REPORT OF MR. R. ROBERTSON 343 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 EXPEEIMENTS WITH BUCKWHEAT. Five varieties of buckwheat were under test. These plots were one-fortieth acre each. The land was a clay loarn in a very poor state of fertility. The previous crops were grown without stable manure. The land was plouf?hed in the sprinp:, and worked up twice with the springtooth and once with the smoothing harrow. The seed was sown June 6 with the Wisner seed drill and complete fertilizer at the rate of 100 pounds per acre was drilled in with the seed. The crop was harvested August 30. The warm dry weather seemed to cause this crop to shrink very much, much of the seed not being filled. The following yields per acre were obtained : — BUCKWHEAT — TEST OF VARIETIES. Name of Variety. Silver-hull..... Tartarian, or Siberian.. , Grey Rye Buckwheat Japanese.. . . , Date of So\\Tng. Date of Ripening. 0-S J vine 0th. Aug. 86 86 86 86 86 o u Length r.^ Weight of gS of Straw. Sm Straw . o Inches. Lbs. 36 Sti£f. 4,000 37 ti 2,280 35 It 3,400 39 „ 2,600 26 " 2,920 Yield per ^^'^'g^* Acre p l^^^f , liushel. P3 16 14 13 13 12 Lba. 50 48 48 49 45 EXPEKIMENTS WITH FIELD GKAIX. Six plots of grain of one-half acre each were grown to further test the value of different varieties in field trials. Five of these plots were sown with different sorts of oats, and one with mixed grain made up as follows: — Oats, 2 bushels; barley, 1 bushel; pease, 1 peck, mixed and sown at the rate of 3 bushels per acre. The land was a light loam, having corn as a previous crop. It was manured for the corn crop in the spring of 1900, with 25 one-horse cart loads of stable manure per acre, and after the corn crop was removed the land was ploughed. This was worked up in the spring time with the springtooth and once with the smoothing harrow. The seed was sown May 10, at the rate of 3 bushels per acre. It was harvested August 1-i. The following yields were obtained : — Varieties Rosedale White Schonen . Cream Egyptian Black Tartarian . Sensation Mixed Grain Yield per Acre. Bush. Lbs. 54 10 49 10 49 4 43 28 42 12 51 31 FIELD CROP OF OATS ON MAPvSIL Twelve acres of marsh were ploughed in the fall of 1900. It was worked up in the spring by going over it twice with the spade harrow; twice with the springtooth, and 3J4 EXrERIilEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 once with the smoothinp; liarrow. Tlie seed was sown broadcast by hand at the rate of 3^ bushels per acre. The grain was sown and harrowed in with the springtooth har- row, after which clover and timothy, at the rate of 3 pounds alsike, 7 pounds mamnioth red clover, and 12 pounds timothy seed per acre were sown and worked up by going over it once with the smoothing harrow. Xo fertilizer of any kind was used. Eight acres of this were sown May 20, and yielded at the rate of 35 bushels per acre. Another four acres were low, wet marsh, which made it difficult to work, and seed- ing was not done on it until June 5. The land was worked in a manner similar to the other marsh and seeded at the same rate. The yield from this was at the rate of 20 bushels i^er acre. Owing to the dry season the straw was very short, and the jueld very light. That grown on the low, wet land was also badly injured with rust. riELD CKOPS OF MIXED GEAIN OX UPEAXD. The grain used in this field was made up as follows: — Oats, 2 bushels; barley, 1 bushel; pease, 1 peck, mixed together and sown at the rate of three bushels per acre. The seed was sown May 11 and harvested August 17. The soil was a light clay loam. The previous crop was turnips, and the land re- ceived for this crop, IS one-horse cart loads of manure and 200 pounds complete fer- tilizer per acre. Xo fertilizer of any kind was used with the grain crop. The yield per acre was 50 bushels. FIELD CHOP OF BLXKWHEAT. Ten acres of buckwheat Avas grown on land which was in a poor state of fertility. The previous crop was buckwheat, seeded to clover. The clover made a very poor growth. The land was ploughed in the spring, and worked up with the disc, spring- tooth and smoothing harrows. It was seeded to silver-hull buckwheat, June 20, at the rate of 1 bushel per acre. Owing to the hot dry weather the crop blighted, and did not fill out well. The yield from this field was 126 bushnls. Five acres of land, which was also in a poor state of fertility, having previously a crop of buckwheat, seeded down with clover, was sown June 20 to silver-hull buckwheat at the rate of 1 bushel per acre, and Albert Thomas Phosphate at the rate of 200 pounds ])er acre was sown with the seed by means of the fertilizer attachment on the seeder. The yield from this fit VI was 84 bushels. This field did not blight nearly so badly as the 10 acres, due possibly to being later sown, and the blossoming period escaping the hot weather. EXPERIMEXTS WITH IXDIAX CORX. The soil on which the corn plots were laid out was a clay loam. The previous crop was timothy. The land was manured in the fall of 1900 on the sod, with 20 one-horse cart loads of barn-yard manure per acre. This manure together with a good crop of grass was ploughed under June 1, 1901. The land was worked with the disc harrow once, and once Avith the smoothing harrow. Marks were made 3 feet apart, and the peed dropped in the rows, after which it was covered with the hoe by hand. Duplicate plots were also sown in hills 3 feet apart. The seed was sown June 3, and the crop was harvested September 27. Xo chemical fertilizers were used on these plots. The yield per acre is estimated from the crop obtained from two rows, each CO feet long. Thirty-four varieties were included in thf test, and the following results were obtained : — REPORT OF MR. R. ROBERTSON SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 IXDIAX CORX — TEST OF VARIETIES. 345 Name of Variety. Early ^lastodon Cloucfs P]arly Yellow Mammoth Cuban Chainiiion White Pearl Selected Leaining Early Butler Early Yellow Long Eared Pride of the North Longfellow Ped Cob Ensilage Kural Thoroughbred White Flint i ve;y...::l ;; Medium. . J n Very n Medium .Aug. Very n Medium..! r. Very | „ 25 Sept. 28' „ 31 ! „ 22: „ 22, „ Ti) Aug. 25Se])t. 17 Aug. 20! M 20! Sept. 28i M 22' „ 17 : A ug. 19 Sept. 19! •■ 231 M 15 'Aug. 20 Sept. 25 „ 17 Aug. 15 15 19 Sept. 20 19 Aus 19 19 17 1: 1 1 1 1 Condition ! ^^^"'^^^* ^^•hen cut, I I'"" ^"'"^ Sept. 27. ■^'•°''" ^ in rows. llMilk 5 1 Watery. . . . , 10 Silk........ 3 Late milk . 30 Soft glazed.. IMilk 28 i Soft glazed.. 28;Tasseled.... 25;Silk 10; Early milk.. 31 „ 28 Soft glazed.. ] Late milk . . 15, Watery 15 Late milk . . 20iSoft glazed.. 7 Milk 25 (ilazed 30'Soft glazed.. 30|Silk .......! 1 Early milk. I II .30 Soft glazed. . .30] ., _ ..I 30 Early milk. . I 26, Glazed : 20 „ ! 15 Hard glazed 15 .. ' .. 15 15 Tons. lbs. 20 150 19 1.000 17 0.50 17 320 17 100 10 1,220 16 1.000 15 1.900 15 2.50 14 1.700 14 1,700 14 1,370 14 1,370 14 1,370 270 50 50 50 13 1.720 13 1,.500 950 14 14 14 14 Weight per acre grown in hills. Tons. lbs. 950 620 620 400 400 12 1,850 12 750 750 900 550 1,800 370 1,600 500 100 050 1.1.50 1,700 1,700 800 050 1,520 1,700 250 1,570 1,050 1,650 950 1,500 1,700 950 400 1,500 1,000 600 250 250 1,900 600 400 1,6.50 1,650 900 1,800 150 500 150 COEN SOWN IN EOWS AT DIFFERENT DISTANCES. Similar experiments to those eomhicted last year were made with Indian corn to gain information as to the distances apart the rows should be planted to give the lar- gest yield per acre. Champion White Pearl, Longfellow and Selected Learning were the varieties used. The land on which this corn was planted was a clay loam in a good state of fertil- ity. The previous crop was clover, the aftermath of which was plonghed under in the fall of 1900. This ground was disc-harrowed in the spring, and stable manure at the rate of 20 one-horse cart loads per acre was spread broadcast and ploughed under. The ground was worked up with the disc, springtooth and smoothing harrows, after which the seed was sown Avith the seed drill in rows 21, 28, 35 and 42 inches apart. The geed was sown June 8, and the crop harvested October 1. The plots were one-fortieth acre each, and from the crop obtained from these plots the following yields per acre have been calculated. 346 EXPERIMENTAL EARUS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 CORN AT DIFFERENT DISTANCES APART. Name of Y arietj-. Di.stancea between rows. Y per ield acre. Inches. 21 28 35 42 21 28 35 42 21 28 35 42 Tons 22 24 21 18 18 20 18 18 18 21 18 18 lbs. 1,4.50 1,000 625 225 Longfellow 900 600 575 900 1,750 l,.olO 1,125 It will be seen that in each of tliese trials, the corn planted 23 inches apart gave the heaviest crop. EXPEPJMEXTS WITH TURXIPS. The soil of these plots was a clay loam in a good state of fertility. The previous crop was clover, the aftermath of which was ploughed under in the fall of 1000. In the spring this was worked up with the spade harrow, and 20 one-horse cart loads of stable manure per acre was spread broadcast and ploughed under. This was then gone over with the springtooth and once with the disc harrow, and once with the smoothing harrow. Two hundred pounds of complete fertilizer per acre was sown broadcast and harrowed in with the smoothing harrow. The land was then run up into drills 24 inches apart. The rows were raked off by hand, and marks made along the top of the rows into which the seed was dropped and lightly covered. The first series of plots was sown May 27, and duplicate ones two weeks later, June 10. The roots were all pulled October 30, and the following yields per acre were calculated from two rows, each 66 feet long. Twenty-nine varieties were included in this test. The turnip plots were somewhat infested with the turnip aphis (Aphis Irassicae) toward the latter part of the season. RETORT OF MR. R. ROBERTSON SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Turnips— Test of Varieties. 347 Name of Variety. Hartley's Bronze Carter's Eleph.ant New Arctic Imperial Swede Perfection Swede Mammoth Clyde Jimibo Selected Champion . . . . Bangholm Selected Giant King Prize Purple Top Selected Purple Top Halewood's Bronze Top. Kangaroo Marquis of Lome Monarch Shamrock Purple Toy). . . Webb's New lienown. . Hall's Westbury East Lothian Emperor Swede West Norfolk Red Top . Elcpliant's Master Skirviugs Drumnumd Purple Top. Champion Purple Top... Magnum Bonum Sutton's Champion Prize Winner 1st plot 2nd plot 1st plot sown. sown. pulled. May 27. June 10. Oct. 30. „ 27. ,. 10. „ .30.1 „ 27. , 10. „ .SO. „ 27. . 10. ,. 30. „ 27. , 10. „ 30. „ 27. , 10. „ 30. „ 27. , 10. M 30. „ 27. , 10. ,. 30. M 27. , 10. M 30. „ 27. , 10. „ 30. „ 27. , 10. „ 30. „ 27. . 10. „ 30. „ 27. . 10. „ 30. M 27. . 10. „ 30. M 27. , 10. „ 30. M 27. , 10. M 30. M 27. , 10. „ 30. ., 27. , 10. M 30. „ 27. , 10. M SO. M 27. , 10. „ 30. „ 27. , 10. „ ,30. M 27. , 10. „ 30. M 27. , 10. u 30. „ 27. , 10. M 30. M 27. , 10. „ 30. M 27. . 10. „ 30. n 27. , 10. „ 30. „ 27. . 10. „ 30. „ 27. , 10. „ 30. pulled. Oct. Yield per acre. 1st plot. Tons lbs. 1,100 150 500 850 1,900 1,075 250 1,425 950 950 475 475 1,050 1,050 1,0.50 1,050 1,050 1^525 700 700 1,875 1,875 225 1,400 1,750 1,7.50 1,750 700 Yield l)er acre. 1st plot. Yield per acre. 2nd plot. Yield per acre. 2nd ploc. Bush. lbs. Tons lbs. Bush. lbs. 1,485 .. 1,402 30 1,.375 .. 1,347 30 1,205 .. 1,251 15 1,237 30 1,223 45 1,183 30 1,183 30 1,141 15 1,141 15 1,127 30 1,127 30 1,127 30 1,127 30 1,127 30 1,100 .. 1,058 45 1,045 .. 1,045 .. 1,031 15 1,031 15 1,003 45 990 .". 902 30 902 30 902 30 935 .. 925 200 350 325 1,875 1,500 800 225 1,.500 550 1,750 1,500 SOO 24 1,.500 25 1,975 24 075 28 1,758 20 1,025 25 1,150 22 1,375 29 1,400 29 1,400 20 1,250 22 1,375 20 1,025 18 1,125 19 1,000 21 75 20 1,250 948 i5 770 .. 1,072 30 838 45 1031 15 825 .. 880 .. 1,003 45 825 .. 742 30 902 .30 825 30 880 .. 825 .. 806 15 811 15 902 30 893 45 8.52 30 756 15 990 .. 990 .. 087 30 750 15 893 45 018 45 000 .. 701 15 08 30 EXPEEIMEXTS WITH ^lAXGELS. Twenty-five varieties of raang'els were sown ]\ray 27, and duplieate plots two weeks later, Jnne 10. The land on which these were grown was previously in clover, the aftermath of which was ploughed under in the fall of 1900. This land was a clay loam and was in a good state of fertility. Twenty one-horse cart loads of stahle manure was applied broadcast this spring, after the ground had been gone over once with the disc harrow. The manure was then ploughed under, and after the springtooth harrow bad gone over it the disc was again used. The smoothing harrow was also run over it, after which complete fertilizer at the rate of 200 pounds per acre was sown broadcast, and worked in with the smoothing harrow. The land was then run into drills 24 inches apart. The rows were raked oft" and the seed sown in holes one foot apart, made with a marker, and from three to six seeds dropped in a place. These were covered by hand with a garden rake. The plants came up very irregularly, particularly tliis was the case with the first sown plots. This may have been the fault of the seed to some extent, but more likely on account of the cold wet weather, which continued for some time after they were sown. The roots from both series of plots were pulled October 30, and the following yield per acre was calculated from two rovv's, each G6 feet long. 348 EXPERIAIEXTAL FARMS MAXOELS — TEST OF VAUIETIES. 1-2 EDWARD VII:, A. 1902 Xarne of Variety. 1 1st plot 2n.:l iilot 1st V'iot i sown, j sown, pulled. 2nd plot! Yield P-'^'^-irstpTot Gate Post May Golden Fleshed Tankard . | ■• Half Long Sugar Rosy. .. j .i Giant Yellow Glolje j ed . . | ■• Ward's Large Oval Shaped I .. Yellow Intermediate. . . Lion Yellow Intermediate Prize Mamui. Long Red.. Leviathan Long Red Giant Yellow Half Long . Gate Post Yellow Mammoth Long Red Yellow Fleshed Tankard. Selected Mammoth Long Red Giant Yellow Interme- diate. Prize Winner Yellow Globe Triumph Yellow Globe 27. June 10. 27. ., 10. 27. „ 10. 27. .. 10. 27. M 10. 27. .. 10. 27. .. 10. 27. M 10. 27. ., 10. 27. .. 10. 27. „ 10. 27. ,. 10. 27. „ 10. Oct. 27.1 27. j 27. 27.' 27. i 27. 1 27.' 27. 27. 27.! 27.1 27.! 10.' 10. i 10. 1 10. 10.! 10. 10., 10. 10. 1 10. j 10.1 10.1 17. Oct. 17. .. 17.' .. 17. 17. 17. 17. 17. 17.1 17.1 17.1 17. 17.' 17. 17.1 17. 17. 17. 1 17. 1 17. 1 17.: Tons lbs. 17. 30 1.200 17. 37 1,075 17. 35 1,775 17. 35 620 17. 35 125 17. 34 1,795 17.; 34 1.300 17.1 33 1,C50 17.1 33 17. 32 17. 32 17. 31 17. 31 17. 30 17. 29 17. 29 17. 29 17. 29 17. 29 17. 28 17. 28 1.340 3.50 1,.525 700 1,875 1,895 1,895 400 400 400 1.7.50 1.750 17. 28 760 17., 27 1,440 17. 17. Yield I Yield per acre, per acre. 1st plot. 2nd plot. Yield per acre. 2nd plot. Bush. lbs. Tons lbs. Bush. lbs. 27 1,275 25 325 1,320 1,251 1,196 1,177 1,168 1,163 1,155 1,127 1,100 1,089 1,072 1,0.58 1,045 1,031 998 998 990 990 990 962 962 916 924 921 15 838 43 SO 1,175 100 225 700 205 700 1,975 I 37 ! 31 1 32 I So 31 1 33 29 2.50 1,525 1,175 1,195 125 700 825 575 30 1,875 30 1,875 31 205 28 925 36 1,755 28 100 31 1,525 27 1,275 31 1,525 1,086 15 9,35 .. 1,003 45 1,100 .. 1,045 .. 1,036 45 1,045 .. 860 15 1,237 30 1,058 45 1,086 15 1,053 15 1,168 45 1,045 .. 1,113 45 976 15 1,031 15 1,031 15 1,036 45 948 45 1,229 15 935 .. 1,058 45 921 15 1,058 45 EXPERIMEXTS WITH CAREOTS. The experiments with carrots ^ve^e conducted on land which v.as clay loam in a good state of fertility. The land previously was in clover, the aftermath of which was ploughed under in the fall of 1900. Stable manure at the rate of 20 one-horse cart loads per acre was spread broadcast in the spring? of 1901, after the ground had been once worked with tlie disc harrow. The manure was ploughed under, and the land harrowed f>nce with the spring-tooth harrow. The disc harrow was again used, after which the smoothing harrow went over the ground. Complete fertilizer at the rate of 200 pounds per acre was sown broadcast, anink and white. Round, white. Oblong, pink and white. ■Round, white 'Long, ))ink. Flattish, pink. Long, pink and white. REPORT OF MR. R. ROBERTSOY 351 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 POTATOES — TEST OF VARIETIES — Concluded. Name of Variety. Prize Taker Dakota Red Irish Cobbler Flemish Beauty Columbus? Nortliern Spy Maggie Murphy Delaware Thorburn Calico General Gordon Ohio .Junior Eurnaby Seedling Ameiicau (4iant Ear]}' Norther Uncle Sam Maule's Thoroiighbnal . Green Mountain I. X. L New Queen Rochester Rose . .- Early White Prize . . . . Lizzie's Pride Early Harvest Early Andes New Variety No. 1. . . . Carman No. 1 Early Puritan Empirvt only Purple Top Yield per acre. Tons lbs. 18 1,260 16 220 17 1,625 15 750 18 1,275 18 795 18 1,800 Yield per acre. Bus. lbs. 621 537 593 512 621 613 630 45 30 15 15 FIELD CROPS OF MANGELS. The land on which the field mangels were grown was a clay loam in a, good state of fertility, the previous crop having been clover, the aftermath of which was ploughed under in the fall of 1900. This was disc-harrowed the following spring, and 20 one- horse cart loads of stable manure per acre was spread and ploughed under. This was then worked up with the disc, spring-tooth and smoothing harrows, after which complete fertilizer was sown broadcast at the rate of 400 pounds per acre on one-half of each one acre lot and harrowed in. The other half acre of each lot was left without any commercial fertilizer. Drills were run 24 inches apart, and the seed planted in holes one foot apart, made with a marker and from 3 to 6 seeds were di'opped in each hole. These were covered by running a land roller over the rows. Four varieties of mangels were sown in these plots, and the following yields were obtained : — FIELD CROPS OF MAXGELS. Name of Variety and Size of Plot. J acre plot — Mammoth Long Red, manure with fertilizer .. ;■ only Yellow Globe, manure with fertilizer . _ti only . Yellow Intermediate, manure with fertilizer. II II only Gate Post IG— 23i 356 EXPERIMEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 HAY. One field containing eight acres whicli was seeded down to clover and timothy in the spring of 1900, yielded 26 tons 320 pounds. Three acres of clover and timothy, seeded down the same spring, yielded 5 tons 275 pounds. One field of eight acres, seeded down the same year, yielded 19 tons 110 pounds. This hay was all secured in excellent condition, and was grown on the upland. Four acres of clover and timothy on the marsh, seeded down in the spring of 1900, yielded 10 tons 1,100 pounds. Thirty-six acres of marsh also yielded 72 tons 1,310 pounds of timothy hay. The total amount harvested was 133 tons 1,105 pounds, which was secured in first- class condition. GEAIN AXD POTATO DISTRIBUTION. Some of the most promising varieties of seed grain and potatoes were again dis- tributed this year to farmers making application from different parts of the provinces. The following niimher of three-pound lots were sent to the various applicants: — Oats 260 Barley '^8 Wheat 89 Pease 22 Buckwheat 10 Winter Eye 8 Potatoes 278 Total 745 COREESPOXDEXCE. Apart from the receipt and despatch of circulars, there were 1,41G letters received and 1,211 sent out during the year. AGEICULTUEAL ilEETIXGS AXD EXHIBITIOXS. I attended and addressed the following agricultural meetings during the year : — Kew Brunswick Farmers' and Dairyman's Association Annual Meeting, Frederic- ton, January 22, 23 and 24. Nova Scotia Farmers' Association Annual Meeting, Kentville, January 30, SI and February 1. Also farmers meetings at Charlottetown, P.E.I., February 3. REPORT OF MR. R. ROBERTSON 357 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Cardigan, P.E.I., February 4. Middleton, P.E.I., February 8. Charlottetown, P.E.I., February \}. Lessonville, N.B., May 16. Fort Lawrence, N.S., November 12. I also addressed a series of lectures to the students of the Sussex Dairy School from 7th to 21st March. Besides these I attended the following exhibitions : — Winter Fair, Guelph, December 11 to 15. Toronto Industrial, August 26 to September 7. Pan-American Exhibition, Buffalo, N.Y. Sussex, N.B. Sackville, N.B. Port Elgin, KB. An exhibit of farm produce was made by the Experimental Farm, Nappan, at the Nova Scotia Provincial Exhibition, Halifax, N.S., made up of the different sorts of grains, roots, fruits and vegetables grown here. LIVE STOCK. HORSES. Six are the number at present kept on the farm, four of which are used exclusively for draught purposes, one for general purposes, and one driver. During the year one horse has died. His death was caused by acute indigestion. Another of the older horses (16 years old) was exchanged for a younger and more suit- able horse. Besides these, the use of one team was had during the summer months for their feed. DAIRY CATTLE. During the year an addition has been made to the herd of: 1 Guernsey bull, 1 Guernsey cow, 1 Ayrshire cow and 1 Ayrshire heifer, newly imported, also two Jersey cows. Some exchanges were made during the year of old and blemished cows for others. Three deaths have occurred duriug the year. One, an Ayrshire from milk fever, one Holstein from eversion of the uterus, and one grade cow from milk fever. The herd at present consists of: — 1 Guernsey bull, 6 j^ears old. 1 Ayrshire heifer, 2 years old. 1 Guernsey bull, 2^ years old. 1 Ayrshire heifer, 10 months old. 1 Guernsey bull, li years old. 1 Holstein cow. 1 Ayrshire bull, li years old. 1 Holstein cow, 3 years old. 1 Holstein bull, 10 months old. 1 Holstein heifer, 10 months old. 3 Guernsey cows. 2 Jersey cows. 1 Guernsey heifer, 10 months old. 19 Grade milch cows. 2 Ayrshire cows. 6 Grade heifers, IJ years old. 2 Ayrshire cows, 3 years old. 5 Grade heifers, 10 months old. We have also at present on hand 16 grade shorthorn steers on experiment, and 12 grade shorthorn steer calves also on experiment. Total, 78 head. 358 EXPERIMEyTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 EXPERIMEXTS WITH COWS. The experiment witli tlie dairy herd during the past year was along the same lines as that of 1900, namely, to determine whether a fairly good dairy herd, well fed and cared for, would leave a credit balance after paying for feed consumed at current prices. The experiment was begun on December 2, 1900, and continued to December 1, 1901. The price of feed this year was about the same as last year, and the prices of the products were higher than last year. Wheat bran was charged at $19.35 per ton, corn at $22.50 per ton, oats at $22.50 per ton, and pea meal, $27 per ton, making an average price of mixed meal ration, as per proportion fed to cows, of 1^ cents per pound. Koots were valued at 5 cents per bushel, ensilage $2 per ton, and hay at $8 per ton. The rations fed the cows in full milk in winter was, ensilage or roots, 50 pounds ; meal, lOj pounds, and hay, 10 pounds, making an average cost of 19^ cents per cow per day. When not milking in winter they were charged $3 per month. Different quantities were fed to different cows according to their capacity to con- sume and produce. Thirteen were in full milk when the test began, the remainder coming fresh at various times till spring. They were kept in the stable from November 1, 1900, to June 1, 1901, except on occasional fine days when they were allowed out in the yard. They were fed regularly twice each day, and had water before them all the time. The temperature of the stable was kept at 60° Fahrenheit, as nearly as possible all the time. They were fed, cared for and milked as regularly as possible by the same persons all the time. They were put to pasture early in June, and until toward the end of August were left out tho greater part of the time, night and day. During September and October they were kept in the stable the greater part of the time. With the exception of the first two weeks after being turned out, they were fed entirely in the stable, on cut green feed, clover and pease, oats and vetches grown to- gether for that purpose, and sown at intervals of from one week to ten days apart. Owing to the extremely dry weather the crop was only fair, and at least 15 acres of green feed were consumed by the herd during the summer. While milking in summer they were charged $2.50 per month, and $1.50 per montli when dry. The milk of each cow was weighed at millving, twice each day, and a careful record kept of the number of pounds given. The percentage of fat in the milk of each cow was determined by the Babcock milk tester, and the fat credited to the cows on the basis that 85 pounds fat produces 100 pounds marketable butter. The milk was sent to the Xappan dairy station, and the cows were credited with the butter produced at the prices paid to all patrons of that station, which averaged for the year 23 cents per pound, less 4 cents per pound for manufacturing butter and hauling milk. The skim milk was fed to calves and pigs, and credited to the cows at the rate of 15 cents per 100 pounds. The following table will show the results obtained during the year : — REPORT OF MR. R. ROBERTSON SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 359 1^ (M (M r-l ! O-f-*iC0C0IMOTj<-ti'*iC07^lMt-lr-l eOfOCOflffJi-HrHT-Hi-lrHi-lrH o o HO €& t-m-:f I o r-H CO 00 C5 •: ■^ 00 t-l^ 05 l^ CO b- 00 OJ OeS^ CI as eorHrtt-IMC0. '^ t- t^ L^ O L^ iO O to iO O ■* lO ^ 0-. l^ HCllOOOCiCO TOOOOOOlOCOlM 1^ COiMTl — (aSi-HCOTOOTt^ CO (N Tt'-'rti-oc;oci.t-«Ct^TlOO10inTC0Ti (MtMCOC^f-IC-^tNIMCslCOIMCMi-IMCOIMCOIMSqiM >1 >, > 'T3 . ^ . !- >'a3,'?-S >>-_S,^ ■^0^0 «^tf.2 o- kS 0-5 fe o^ S-S 32 S-o 5 «^ S=^'5J? i;2 Sa- 300 EXPERIMEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 EXPEKIMEXTS WITH STEERS. This test was carried on with a view to establish some data as regards the advisa- bility of dehorning full grown steers at the commencement of their feeding period, whether fed in loose boxes or tied in stalls. Twenty-one 3^-year old steers and three 2i years old were used for this test, in 3 lots of 8 each of as nearly as possible equal form, features and weight (shorthorn grades). They were bought on October 30 and weighed the next morning, after having fasted 14 hours. The horns were then taken off lots 1 and 2 and left on lot 3, Lot 1 was put into loose box stalls, and lots 2 and 3 were tied up in stalls. The dehorning was done with the keystone dehorning clipper. ^Vhile all bled profusely, few seemed to suffer much, although by careful weighing before, and repeatedly after dehorning, it was again found that at least two weeks were required to regain the loss in weight from dehorning. All lots were fed alike as nearly as possible from start to finish of test, and kept in the stable all the time, except on occasional fine days when they were let out for a time, averaging not more than once each week. Another lot of 4 of the same ages and quality as the others, as near as possible, were dehorned, fed and cared for in precisely the same manner as lots 1, 2 and 3, with the exception of being turned out daily for water. The feeds were charged at the following prices: — Hay, $8 per ton; straw, $3 per ton; roots, $2 per ton; ensilage, $2 per ton; mixed meals averaged $22.50 per ton as per proportion fed. RErORT OF MR. R. 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R. ROBERTSOy SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 COST OF 1 STEER PER DAY FOR ENTTRE PERIOD. Period. Daily Piation. Daily Cost. Cost for Period. "Knv 1 fi tn T)f>n 1 Root.f '"" '\'\"'.''.''''\' '''.'.:.'' Cost of feed of 1 steer II 28 steeis . 21 97^ 615 30 Original weight 34,025 lbs. steer at 4 Jc. per lb $1,403 53 Weight at finish, 42,315 lbs. at SJc. per lb 2,168 64 Balance rC5 11 Cost of feed for lot, 135 days 615 30 Net profit 149 81 Daily rate of gain per steer 219 Cost of 1 lb. gain 7' 42c. II feed per day per steer 16'27c. Profit per steer .S5 . 35 STEER-CALF EXPERIMENTS. With a view to getting some particulars as to the cost of a beef bullock when ready for market, and also a comparison of limited and full feeding, twelve shorthorn grade calves were brought early in May, and divided, into two groups of six each. Lot No. 1 was fed what is termed a ' full fattening ration.' Lot No. 2 was fed what is termed a ' limited growing ration.' In estimating the cost of feeding calves, the following values were placed on the various feeds : — New milk, $1 per 100 pounds. Skim milk, 15 cents per 100 pounds. Bibby's Cream Equivalent, $3.50 per 100 pounds. Wheat bran, 95 cents per 100 pounds. Crushed oats, $1 per 100 pounds. Roots or ensilage, 10 cents per 100 pounds. Hay, $8 per ton. S6I EXrERIMEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 FULL FATTEXIXG RATION — SIX STEERS, CALVES. May 16 to Juae 1 12 lbs. whole milk ' 8 II skim milk . June 1 to July 1 July 1 to Ang. 1 Oct. 1 to XoY. 1. 10 10 whole milk skim milk bran and oil cake. whole milk, skim milk ! ^ 11 bran and oil cake. Aug. 1 to Sept. 1 i20 II skimmilk I 1 If cream equivalent. I ^ II bran and oil cake. i 2 .1 hay 1,800 1,800 37i 1,488 2,232 93 3,720 18G 93 372 14 88 3 34 0 93 5 58 6 50 0 93 1 49 Sept. 1 to Oct. 1 .. 10 II skim-milk. i 1 II cream equivalent. ^ II bran and oil cake. 2 I. hay . . IlO II ensilage ) 1 II cnished oats I ^ II bran and oil cake. I 2 II hay Not. 1 to Dec. 1 20 u roots 1 M cnished oats. ^ II bran and oil cake. 2 .. hay 11 88 n 07 19 15 14 50 11 34 6 14 7 74 91 82 May IC to June 1. June 1 to July 1. . July 1 to Aug. 1 . Aug. 1 to Sept. 1 . Seyrt. 1 to Oct. 1 . . Oct. 1 to Nov. 1.. Nov. 1 to Dec. 1.. FULL FATTENING RATION — SIX STEERS, CALVES. Period. Weight at Start. 1900. Lis. 1,000 1,130 1,435 1,810 2,160 2,460 2,730 Weight at Finish. Lbs. 1,130 1,435 L810 2,160 2,4(i0 2,730 2,975 Gain. Lbs. 130 305 375 3.50 300 270 245 Total gain, May 16 to Deo 1 Lbs. 1,975 Weight at start •> 1,000 finish I. 2,975 Dailv rate of gain per steer p. c. 1 '64 Cost" of 1 lb. gain cts. 404 M feed per dav jjer steer •< 7 ' 72 . u of lot, "198 days $ 981 REPORT OF ilR. R. ROBERTSON SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 LIMITED GROWING RATIOX — SIX STEERS, CALVES. 365 Feriod 1900. Daily Ration per Calf. Amount fed ; during period. Cost. May 1 6 to June 1 8 lbs. whole milk 12 lbs. skini-milk Lbs. 720 1,080 $ cts. 7 20 1 62 8 82 17 64 8 83 June 1 to July 1 8 lbs. whole milk 12 lbs. skim-milk 1.440 2,100 14 40 3 24 July 1 to August 1 20 lbs. skim-milk ^ lb. cream equivalent 3,720 93 5 58 3 25 August 1 to Sept. 1 20 lbs. skim-milk ^ lb. cream equivalent 1 lb. bran and oil cake 3,720 93 93 372 5 58 3 25 0 93 1 49 2 lbs. hay 11 25 Sept. 1 to Oct. 1 10 lbs. skim-milk i Ih. cream equivalent 1 lb. bran and oil cake 2 lbs. hay 1.800 ' 90 90 3G0 2 70 3 15 0 90 1 44 ^ 8 19 Oct. 1 to Nov. 1 5 lbs. ensilage . h 11). crushed oats 930 93 93 372 0 93 0 93 0 93 1 49 ^ lb. bran and oil cake 2 lbs. hay 4 28 Nov. 1 to Dec. 1 10 lbs. roots ^ lb. crushed oats ^ lb. bran and oil cake 2 lbs. hay 1,800 90 90 360 1 80 0 90 0 90 1 44 5 04 64 05 LIMITED GROWIXG RATION — SIX STEERS — CALVES. Period 1900. May 16 to June 1 . . . June 1 to July 1 . . . . July 1 to August 1 . August I to Sept. 1. . Sept. 1 to Oct. 1 Oct. 1 to Nov. 1 Nov. 1 to Dec. 1 Total gain, May 16th to December 1st . Weight at start II finish Weight at Start. Lbs. 920 1,010 1,260 1.540 1,805 2,005 2,220 Weight at Finish. Lbs. 1,010 1,260 1,540 1,805 2.005 2.220 2,375 Gain. Lbs. 90 250 280 265 200 215 155 1.455 lbs. 920 „ 2,375 II Dailj' rate, of gain per steer 1 ■ 22 lbs Cost of 1 lb. gain ! . . ' 4 ■ 40 ets.' II feed per day per steer I 5-39 II feed of lot, 19S days .'....' $64 05 366 EXPERIMEyTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 PIGS. The herd of pigs at present on this farm consists of Torlcshires, Berkshires, Tam- worths and their crosses, in all GO head, as follows : — 1 Yorkshire boar, registered. 1 Yorkshire sow, registered. 1 Berkshire boar, registered. 1 Berkshire sow, registered. 1 Tamworth sow, registered. 5 Grade brood sows. 50 Grade pigs from one to five months old. TEST OF DIFFEREXT FEEDS FOR SWIXE. This experiment was carried on with a view to determine the comparative feeding value of the following feeds : — 1st, buckwheat; 2nd, shorts; 3rd, corn meal and crushed oats; 4th, pea meal and crushed oats; the last two mentioned being fed in the ratio of 2 to 1. This has been carried on during the past three years. ^ The pigs were put into the test at the age of 3 months, in lots of four, from the fame litters, at their live weight, after fasting 14 hours. The ration complete consisted of three pounds of the above mentioned feeds, and an average of five pounds of skim milk per pig per day. When ready for market, one pig was taken from each lot each time, and these were replaced by four from another litter. Their gains were ascertained from their increased live weight, after fasting 11 hours. They were dressed for market on the farm, and the percentage of dressed weight ascertained in each case. Pen Xo 1. — Feed. — 2 lbs. Corn Meal, 1 lb. Crushed Oats and Skim Milk. No. Breed. Weight at start. Weight at finish. Net gain. Number of days fed. Daily gain. Percent- age of dressed weight. 1 2 Berkshire 96 82 72 69 65 65 170 180 160 150 151 169 74 98 88 81 86 104 60 60 54 57 61 53 1-23 1-63 1-64 1-59 1-40 1 79 79 21 78-40 3 78-68 4 5 6 Yorkshire (D), Berkshire (S) ", Tamworth (S) 77-10 77-60 81-25 Pen Xo. 2.— Feed.— 2 lbs. Pea Meal, 1 lb. Crushed Oats and Skim Milk. 1 91 87 82 77 76 94 164 178 190 1.54 149 204 73 91 88 77 73 110 60 60 54 57 61 58 1 21 1-51 1 62 1 35 119 1 89 80 21 2 Yorkshire 80- 2 79-6* 4 5 6 Yorkshire (D), Berksliire (S) Tamworth (S) 78- 1 78 3:5 82 10 REPORT OF MR. R. ROBERTSON SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Pen No. 3.— Feed.— 3 lbs. Shorts and Skim Milk. 367 Weight Weight Number Percent- ^'o. Breed. at start. at finish. Net gain. of days fed. Daily gain. age of dressed weight. 1 Bprkshire 100 94 69 1G8 165 182 150 68 88 88 81 GO 60 , 54 57 1-1.^ 80 -.^2 o 46 62 42 77 78 78 42 •^ Tamworth 61 4 Yorkshire (D), Berknliire (S) 34 5 \;\t&no\des—Noriciij Maple 1893 20^ 11 Strong. . Fine ornamental tree. 2 Acer platanoides Schwedleri— .S'cfewcrf/cr";* Maple.. 1807 ft" ~) ti . . Very fine. 3 Acer .Saccharinum — Suyar or Rock Maple 1892 13 7i Valuable ornamental ■ 2 tree. 4 Acer Xegiindo — Box Elder 1892 13 m ti . . A fine rapid prrower. 6 Acer tataricum Ginnala— 6'mna?ian Maple 1892 9 8 " Valuable shrub v/hen youn^. 6 Acer pseudoplatanus— Syca/norc Maple 1897 5i 4h ¥air.... Not tlirifty. REPORT OF MR. W. 8. BLAIR 371 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Name of Variety. O Remarks. 7 Acer pennsylvanicum — Striped Maple 8 Acer platanoides Reitenbachi .... 9 Acer pseudo-platanus Worleei 10 Acer Monspessnlanum — Montpell icr Maple 11 ^sculus tiirbinata — Variegated Horse Chestnut. . . . 12 Alnus fflutinosa imperialis — Imperial Cut-lcavcd Alder 13 Alnus cordifolia — Heart learcd Alder 14 Aristolochia Sipho — Dutehman's Pipe. 15 Artemisia abrotanum — Southernwood If) Berberis Thunbergi — Thunhenfs Barbei-nj 17 Berberis Aquifolium — American Holly 18 Berberis Sieboldii — Sicbold's Barberry 19 Berberis Amurensis — Amur Bai-bcrry 20 Berberis Hybrid No. 2 21 Berberis Spathulata 22 Betula alba — European White Birch 23 Betula alba pendula Youngi — Young's Weeping Birch 24 Betula alba purpurea — Purple-lcavcd Birch.. . , 25 Betula pumila — Loio Birch 26 Betula alba ia,sX^^\3:ta.— Pyramidal Birch 27 Betula alba lacimata pendula — Cut-leaved Birch. 28 Calycanthus floridus — Carolina Allspice 29 Caragana arborescens — Siberian Pea Tree 30 Carag.ana pygmaea — Divarf Caragana 31 Caragana frutescens — Woody Caragana 32 Carpinus Caroliniana — Blue Beech.. 33 Catalpa Cordifolia 34 Catalpa Kaempferi .... 35 Celastrus Articulatus — Japanese Bilter-su-rct 36 Celastrus Scandens — Climbing Bitter-sweet 37 CephaJanthus occidentalis — Button Bush 38 Cercidiphyllum Japonicum — Katsura Tree 39 Clematis Vitalba — Common Traveller's Joy 40 Clematis Viticella 41 Clematis Montana— il/owntam Clematis 42 Cornus sanguinea — Bed-branched Dogivood 43 Cornus alba sibirica variegata— Variegated Dog wood. 44 Cornus Baileyi 45 Cornus Amomum 46 Cornus Spaethii 47 Cornus Mascula Variegata — Variegated Cornelian Cherry 48 Cornus sanguinea elegantissima 49 Cotoneaster tomentosa — Common Cotoneaster 50 Cotoneaster Acutifolia — Sharp-leaved Cotoneaster. . 51 Cotoneaster laxiflora , 52 Crataegus tomentosa— £7acA- Haio 53 Crataegus O.xyacantha flore rubro pleno — Double red-flowering White Thorn 54 Cy tisus purpureus ... 55 Cy tisus triflorus 56 Daphne Mezereum 57 Deutzia hybrida Wellsii. 58 Deutzia gracilis variegata 59 Deutzia gracilis GO Diervilla hortensis A. Carriere 61 Diervilla florida Stelznerii G2 Diervilla Candida — Weigela Candida 63 Diervilla florida — Wcigcia Rosea G4 Diervilla florida alba — Weigela Rosea Alba 65 Diervilla hybrida Aurea — Weigela Aurca 66 Elaeagnus Argentoa— IFoZ/ Willow 67 Euonymus Americanus — Spindle Tree 16— 24i 1809 1887 1897 1897 1900 1897 1899 1899 1894 1893 1897 1897 1898 1899 1900 1900 1899 1897 1901 1897 1899 1899 1891 1898 1897 1899 1900 1901 1899 1899 1898 1897 1899 1899 1900 1898 1898 1897 1897 1899 1899 1899 1898 1895 1899 1897 1899 1897 1898 1901 1894 1898 1899 1897 1897 1898 1894 1892 1894 1899 1S97 4 4 4 2 3 3 2| 1 27 4h m i| 15 4h 2" 7 2| 4 H 3 2 5i 5.^ 2^ 2| 8 6i 10 3 5i •4 li li i| 3 3 3 2i 1| 1 i 2h li l" 4 4 4 4i ^h U 3i 4 5i 3i 31 3| 2i Strong. Fair Strong. Fair... Strong. 16 4 6i 2 6 3 H Fair... Strong, Weak . Strong Weak Fair... Strong Fair Weak . Fair... , Strong. Fair. . . Strong. Weak '. Fair... Weak . Strong. Fait Strii Ver3/ good. A low growing mai)!e. Top kills back in win- ter. Makes strong growth. A useful shrub. Fine dwarf Barberrj'. Very fine. Fair. Rapid grower. Fine ornament.altree. Very fine. A valuable variety. Very fine. Very good. Very good, in full bloom June 10. Very good. A fine variety. Kills back. Climber. Very fine. Good climber. Very good. Very tine. Very good. Very fine. Full bloom June 15. Very fine. Full bloom July 12. Winter kills slightly. Winter kills slightly. Winterkills badly. Valuable. Valuable. 372 EXPERIMENTAL FIRMS 1-2 EDWARD Vll., A. 1902 Name of Variety. 68 Forsythia suspensa — Golden Bdl C9 Forsythia \ax\eg&ts.~Varic(jatcd Golden Bdl. . . 70 Fraxinus Americana — White Aih 71 Genista tinctoria Sibirica— .S/6c/-iau Grecn-icccd 72 Gleditsehia triacanthos — Honen Locust 73 Hamauielis Virginica— TFiiscc(/ . . . 92 Periploca giteca 93 Philadelphus hybridus Lenioinei— J/otA: Orange. . . 94 Philadelphus nivalis spectabilis plenus. 95 Philadelphus inodorus speciosus grandiflorus 90 Philadelphus hybridus Lenioinei— ^OM^ecZ'^rircni.. 97 Philadelphus Dentziaflorus 98 Philadelphus coronarius 99 Philadeliihus grandiflorus — Zar^/c-.'^Oiccrci Mock Oraiv/e 100 Philadelphus hirsutus 101 Pliiladelphus Keteleerii flore pleno 10 1 Philadelphus cordifolius "iO J Pliiladelphus nivalis 104 Populus alba pyraniidalis— ^lYrc/" Poplar 105 Populus certinensis lOG Populus nigra pyTSimidA'ih—Lornlardy Poplar. . 107 Poijulus deltoidea aurea— Fa/i Geert's Poplar 108 Potentilla fruticosa—.S'/i /•!uercus peduuculata— £'uropcaJv Oak 125 .lapan Oak 120 Khanmus tinctoria— ZJacAV/tor/i 127 Rhamnus Cathartica— Co/u/ion Buckthorn 12S Rhus Cotinus— SotoAc Tree 129 Rhus Coriaria— .Vtai//ici/vi Sumach 130 Rhus Cotinus atropurpurea 1 Feet. 1S99 3 1899 n 1890 24 1899 1 1898 3 1901 OJL 1899 2. 1897 5 1890 12 1898 5 1895 5 1S99 Ih 1897 41 1897 4i 1897 3h 1897 4 1892 10 1894 7 1898 2 1901 1 1899 3^ 1899 5 1899 3 1898 u : 1900 2 ; 1898 2 i 1 1899 1 ; 1897 r, 1 1900 n 1898 o 1 1897 4 1S98 2h 1899 n 1901 i 1900 1 1899 1 1891 20 1890 38^ 1891 37 1899 ■6h 1897 4 1897 5i 1897 3i 1900 4A 1897 3 1901 U 1899 '> 1899 3i 1897 4 1892 20 1897 Gi 1898 3 1900 3A 1899 o 1898 5i 1897 8 1892 20 1899 «> 1897 5i 1897 G 1898 2i 1897 8 1899 n Feet. ci g Remarks. Strons 5 iStronp Fair. . . Strong. Strong. Strong. Fair.. Strong Fair. . Strong. Very fine. Valuable tree. Very fine. Valuable. Very tine. Valuable tree. Fine shrub. Verj' fine. Bloom July 20. Very fine. Kills back, slightly, Very good. Very fine. Very good. Good climber. Verj' fine. Climber. Very fine. Bloom July, very fine. Very fine. Very fine. Very rapid growth. Valuable tree. Very fine. Very good. Very fine. Very fine. Ver^' fine. Valuable tree. Very fine. Very good. Very fine. Valuable tree. Very fine. REPORT OF MR. W. S. BLAIR 373 SESSIONAL PAPER Nc. 16 Name of Variety. 131 Ribes &nreum— Missouri Currant 132 Ribes diacantha — Sibcricui Curj-ant 133 liibes aureum tenuifloruin 134 Ribes gordonianum 135 Robiiiia hispida — Rose Acacia 136 Rosa rubiginosa — Swcctbriar 137 liosa XM^ossi— Japanese Rose 138 Rosa ferruginea — Purplc-lcavcd Rose 139 Rosa centifolia — Cahhaijc or Provence Rose 140 Salix alba a,T^entea,— Silvered White Willow. . . . 141 Salix aurea pendiila.. 142 Salix rosniarinifolia — Rosemary-leaved Willow. ... 143 Salix Voronesh — Voroncsh Willow 144 Sambucus nigra pyramidalis — Pi/ramidal Elder.. 145 Sambucus nigia foliis a,ureis— Golden-leaved Elder.. 14G Sambucus nigra laciniata— CitJ-/carcci Elder 147 Sambucus nigra pulverulenta alba 148 Sambucus nigra fol. argenteis variegatis 1 49 Sambucus nigra fol. aureis variegatis — GoldenElder. 150 Sophora Japonica 1 51 Spirfea arguta 152 Spiraea callosa alba 153 Si)iriEa vaccinifolia — Vacciniurii-leaved Spiixea 154 Sjiirsea Cliamasdrifolia — Germander-leaved Spiraa. 155 SpiriEa callosa rosea 150 Spiraea sorbifolia. .... . 157 Spiraea Van Houttei — Van Houtte's Spircea 158 Spiraea discolor — Wliite-hcaru-leaved-Spireea 159 Spiraea salicifolia floribus &\ha.— Meadow Sweet. . . . ICtO Spiraea Thunbergi — Th-nnbert/'s Spircea 161 Spiraea salicifolia floribus rosea — Red -Mead on- Sweet 162 Spiraja callosa macrophylla 163 Spircea callosa superba 164 Spiraea japonica Bumalda — Spira;e Bumakla. .... 165 Spirtea japonica alba— IF/ii 2 3 3 7 7 7 2 1 13 ■■■i"i5 4 11 2 5 4 8 2 14 2 7 2 12 2 14 1 8 9 8 Greenville H. W. Beechir Haverland 12 1 8 2 1 12 1 8 2 4 2 12 1 1 2 "'2 4" 4 1 2 3 12 1 1 8 8 10 10 12 15 13 11 15 (! John Little ...... . 5 3 G 12 Otsego Paris King G 3 2 14 2 G 4 2 2 4 2 5 7 4 2 1 2 2 4 1 6 "'l"8" ■■'l"2' ■■■i"8' 14 14 7 Pearl 5 9 Parker Earle 5 11 4 5 14 10 Swindle Seneca tjueen Wm. Belt Warfield 10 10 10 10 11 4 13 5 8 5 10 2 5 G GOOSEBEEKIES. The gooseberries have never made a strong growth, especially the English varieties. The soil is a heavy clay loam wliich dries out considerably in the summer. The goose- berry mildew which we have been able heretofore to control fairly well has this season been almost impossible to keep in check. The crop of all the English varieties, except "Whitesmith and Industry, was ruined, and the yield of fruit was not large. The English varieties of gooseberries while much larger than the American sorts are not regarded here as of much better quality, and the latter are much more vigorous here. The Red Jacket is an exceptionally fine variety. It together with Downing are two of the best sorts grown here. The Houghton is a large yielder, and the fruit is of good quality, but is small. The Whitesmith is the best of the fourteen varieties of English gooseberries tested. The common practice seems to be to pick this fruit long before it has commenced to ripen. Its quality for pre.serving is in our opinion greatly improved when allowed to partially ripen before picking. 371 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS EXPERIMENTS A^TH GOOSEBERRIES. 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Name of Varietj'. Smith's Imjiroved. Downing Houghton Red Jacket AVhitesmith Industry Number of Plants. Yield in 1900. Lbs. 13i loi 17 12i Number of Plants. Yield in 1901. Lbs. 63 9i 9| 5| 4| 3i RED AND WHITE CUERANTS. Eight varieties of red and two varieties of white currants fruited this season. They WGxe grown in rows 6 feet apart and 5 feet apart in the rows. The soil on which they were grown was a heavy day. The bushes are vigorous growers, and some of them were quite productive. EXPERIMENTS AVITII RED AND WHITE CURRANTS. Name of Variety. North Star Pomona Cherry Fay's Prolific . Red Dutch Knight'.s Early Red La Fertile Wilder White Dutch White Imperial Number of Bushes. Yield of Bushes. Lbs. 13| 8| 6| 64 16| 2| 5 io| &I Remarks. Small ; fair quality. Large u Very large ; fair quality. Small ; fair quality. It excellent quality. fair quality. Large GRAPES. Fourteen varieties of grapes fruited this year. These were planted ia the spring of 1S9T on a clay loam. They were set in a row six feet apart. The vines run on a trellis made of wire attached to posts. They have always been laid down for winter, with the exception of the past winter, when they were left unprotected and came through the season in good condition. They fruited for the first time this year. REPORT OF MR. W. S. BLAIR 379 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 EXPERIMENTS WITH GRAPES. Name of Variety. When Ripe. Colour of Fruit. Remarks. Florence Lady ^ Moyre's Early. . . . Moyer Telegraph Tiindley Hayes Worden Barry Bacchus Moore's Diamond. Herbert Vergennes , . . Roger's No. 17 ... . Sept. 2.3.. Oct. 4.. ., 4.. 4.. 4.. M 10.. „ 10.. ,. 10.. H 16.. M 16.. M 16.. .- 18.. „ 2.3.. M 23.. Black White Black Bright red. . Blaclc Red White Black Fair quality ; vigorous Good quality Fair quality ; Good quality fairly vigorous, vigorous, fairly vigorous, vigorous. fairly vigorous. Poor quality ; vigorous. Greenish white |Good quality ; vigorous. Black Bright red jDid not ripen ; vigorous. Blue black n KHUBAEB. rive varieties of rhubarb were grown in rows six feet apart each way. The soil was a heavy clay loam and the crop is not early on such ground. The advantage in favour of a light but loamy soil for this plant is very great, as the early crop generally realizes double the price that is obtained a few days later. The plants were manured in the fall with well rotted manure which was dug in around the plants as early in the spring as possible. We have found that August is the best time for dividing and re- setting roots, which should be done every four or five years. The variety, Carleton Club, is a very large growing variety, and should be more widely known. Mitchell's Royal Albert is also very large, but late. The yield obtained from four plants was as follows: — Name of Variety. Paragon . . Linnaeus . Victoria Carleton Club ....... Mitchell's Royal Albert. When Pulled. May 21. „ 21. „ 21. .. 27 ■Tune 3 . Yield from four PlaLits. Lbs. 22 32 24 4G 21 LIME WASH FOR THE OYSTER-SHELL BARK LOUSE. This mixture was prepared by slacking fresh lime in water and adding more water to make it of the strength desired. One experiment was made with the mixture in the proportion of 1 pound of lime to 1 gallon of water, and another with 2 pounds of lime to i gallon of water. The trees treated in this experiment were young, only 2 years planted, which were badly covered with the bark louse. They were in a neigh- bouring orchard. The wash made of 1 pound of lime to a gallon of water was not nearly so effective as the one where 2 pounds of lime was used. On the trees wliere the latter mixture was used the scales were over three-quarters killed. If this is used in the fall as ad- vised by Mr. W. T. Macoun, horticulturist of the Central Farm, there is no doubt but 380 EXPEEIAIEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 that it will be still more effective. It is a cheap and efficient remedy for this trouble- some pest. The spraying was done March 2G, and two sprayings were given each tree on that date. The lime should be slacked with hot water, enough being used to well cover the lime. As soon as slacked pour in cold water and stir until the whole mass is thor- oughly mixed. It will need to be strained through a wire sieve before using. The mixture should be kept agitated in the barrel, and a nozzle used which by reversing can be easily cleaned. This mixture, with the addition of 15 pounds of salt per barrel, makes a good whitewash for buildings, which work can be easily done with a spray pump. KEKOSEXE EMULSIOX FOE THE OYSTEE-SIIELL BAEK LOUSE. An experiment to gain informatiou as to the value of kerosene emulsion for de- stroying the young lice when they have just hatched on apple trees was made in a neighbour's orchard. The work was done on young trees two years planted, which were all badly covered with the insect. Three experiments were made with this emul- sion, and five trees were treated in each case. The emulsion was made by dissolving one-half pound of hard soap in 1 gallon of rain water which was brought to the boiling point when 2 gallons of kerosene was ad- ded and churned briskly through a pump when it was quickly formed into an emulsion. Experiment Xo. 1 was with this emulsion diluted with water in the proportion of 1 part of the oil used to 4 parts of water ( not 1 part of the emulsion to 4 parts of water). Experiment Xo. 2 contained 1 part of oil to 6 parts of water, and Experiment No. 3, 1 part of oil to 9 parts of water. While this mixture proved fairly effective, yet in every case the trees were not en- tirely freed of the young insect. The spraying was thoroughly done, and it seems Btrange that some of the trees were completely cleared while some had quite a few still remaining. By giving two sprayings, one about a week after the other, this remedy has been found quite effective. The spraying was done July 4, and notes taken later in the season. The emulsion ■was put on during a bright day, and no noticeable damage was done to the leaves or bark by the mixture. During a bright day the oil evaporates more quickly, and hence perhaps is not so liable to injure the tree. TOBACCO WATER FOR THE OYSTER-SHELL BARK LOUSE. An experiment with tobacco water was also tried on five trees in the same orchard. The solution was made by soaking 13 pounds of tobacco stems in a barrel of water 24 hours, and the liquid was used as a spraj'. The trees were badly covered with the in- sects just hatched. The spraying was done July 4. It was found that this was of little value, and the notes subsequently taken would indicate that not more than 10 per cent of the hatched insects were killed. GARDEX PEASE. Experiments were conducted with 84 varieties of garden pease. The object being to determine the relative value of the different kinds for early, medium and late market crops. The seed was sown on April 27 in two plots each, one row CG feet long. The rows were 4 feet apart and the seed was planted 1^ inches deep and 2 inches apart. The marketable green pease with pods were pulled when fit for use, and the yield per plot obtained. The other plot was allowed to ripen, and the yield of ripened seed obtained. REPORT OF AIR. W. S. BLAIR S81 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 The land on which these pease were grown was a clay loam, and was in potatoes the previous season. No barn-j^ard manure was used for the crop, but complete fer- tilizer at the rate of 100 pounds per acre was scattered along the rows before planting, and was worked in when covering the seed. The pea aphis did not trouble the crop this season. Two new varieties were included in the test, namely. King Edward VII. and Pros- perity. The former is an English variety and a large pea of excellent quality. It is a little earlier than American Wonder and Nott's Excelsior. Prosperity has a large pod and should prove a valuable market sort. The variety Gradus has not been a heavy cropper, but its quality is of the best. . The varieties we would recommend, and which came in the order named for earliness are : Tom Thumb, Nott's Excelsior, American Wonder, Dwarf Telephone and Sutton's Dwarf Defiance, all dwarf varieties. Of half high sorts, Alaska, Ameer, Gradus, Carter's Up-to-Date, Duke of York, Pro- fusion and Telegraph. PEASE — TEST OF VARIETIES Name of Variety. Gregory's Surprise Station Alaska Extra Early Thorburn's Extra Early Simmers' First of All Cleveland's First and Best . . . , Tom Tlnuiib , . Extra Early Daniel O'Konrke. Mills" First vf All Rural New Yorker. Early May Improved Ameer Bergen Fleetwing Exonian Sunol Early Frame Improved Philadelpliia Premium Gem 8. B. & M. Co.'s Extra Early. . Gradus King Edward VII Prosperity Chelsea Extra Early Pioneer Nott's Excelsior American Wonder Extra Early Kent New Maud S Early Dexter Early Star Ringleader , . Hancock Blue Beautv Blue Peter.' Evergreen l)warf Wrinkled Sugar Kentish Invicta King of the Dwarfs Carter's Up to Date Alpha Admiral Pride French Canuer , , Season of Green Peas. Julyl2 to20.. 12 to 20., 12 to 20. 12 to 20.. 12 to 20.. 12 to 20.. 13 to 22.. 13 to 22.. 13 to 22.. 13 to 22.. 13 to 22.. 13 to 22.. 13 to 22.. 13 to 22.. 13 to 22.. 13 to 22.. 13 to 24.. 13 to 24.. 15 to 24.. 15 to 24.. 15 to 24.. 15 to 24.. 15 to 24 . 15 to 24.. 15 to 24.. 16 to 25. IG to25.. 10 to 25.. IG to25.. IG to 25 . 17 to 25 . 17 to 25 . . 17 to 25.. 17 to 20.. 17 to 20.., l.S to 2(3... 18 to 20... 20 to 29... 22 to 29... 22 to 29 . 22 to 29... 24 to Aug. 24 24 Weight of Green Peas. Lbs. 21 24 30 24 29 20 22 27 20 23 20 2" 32 34 20 20 22 191 sr 34 161 22.J 22" 33Jr 16i 20 42 32 24 34 24 22 22 22 28 22 25 27 38 39 25 39 33 b4 Height of Vine. Inches. 36 30 30 36 38 30 30 18 .30 30 30 38 35 30 27 32 32 30 24 38 25 32 30 23 30 18 16 38 48 30 30 38 40 24 18 32 24 42 24 40 41 38 43 30 Length of Pod. Size of Pea. Inches. H to 2.f 2: to 2~ 2; to 2h 2 to 2| 2| 2: to 2 to OJ. 2^ to 2t 2i to n 2 to 2J. 2% to 2^ to 2i? 2h to 2^ 9i to 3 oi to 23 "^i. to 2^ 2; to Ol 2.J- to k "^i to ^ Ol to 2t yi. to 2^ 3 to •6h 3 to 3A 2i to 3^ 2^ to 3 2i to 2h 2+ to 2~ OJ. to 2h 2i to n 2i to 3 2i to 2h 2 to 2h 2| to 2h 2i to 2f 2^ to n '>! to 2h i-'i to 2h to 3 2i to 2h H to 2^ 3 to 2 to 01 2 to 2A Ol to p:_; n to 3 Medium . Large . . Medium Large . . Medium. Yield of Ripe Seed. Lbs. Large . . Medium, Small ., Large . . , Small . . . 41 7 5i 8 4 ■ lot ^\ 6 63 6iL 8" n 7 7 6i (i| 7 8 7 9i 10| f 8 5A 9i 9 9 9 8 12 10 101 382 EXPERIMEXTAL FARMS PEASE — TEST OF VARIETIES- 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 -Concluded. Xame of Variety. Boston Wrinkled McLean's Prolific ]3ul's 30 inches apart. These rows were raked off and fertilized at the rate of 400 pounds per acre with complete fertilizer, which was raked in on top of the levelled rows. Two rows of onions were set to each marked row, placed 6 inches apart, and the plants were 6^ 3 inches apart in the rows. The soil was a clay loam. The distance generally advised for onions is in rows 12 inches apart on level ground, and 3 inches apart in the rows. The plants were set three-quarters of an inch deep in the ground. If the soil is light they would do better if planted still deeper. If the onion seed is to be started in the open ground the land should be worked up as early in the spring as possible. The earlier the seed is in the better. If grown in this way the Bartletta and Extra Early Flat Eed have been the best sorts tested here for that method of culture. Few varieties of onions have done well here from seed sown in the open ground. The season is too short and they do not mature properly. The transplanting takes very little more time than thinning the plants which is necessary when the seed is sown in the field. Xo plant is more easily transplanted than the onion, and the plants can be set any time after the first of May. The onion grows best on a soil previously well enriched, and having an abundant amount of available plant food. The manure if applied in the spring should be well rotted and thoroughly worked into the surface soil. The best practice is to manure in the fall and continue growing this crop on the same ground for several j'ears. The first four named sorts in the list which follows are early white varieties. The Mammoth Silver King is a very large growing white onion, maturing early. The Prizetaker has previously been tested, and ranks as one of the best for transplanting and for general crop. The Yellow Globe is also a splendid sort for this purpose. Onions should be gathered as soon as the crop is matured, or when the most of the necks have withered and turned yellow. The white onions if not pulled and stored when matured are liable to turn green, which lessens their value very much. The onions should first be allowed to dry for a week or ten days in piles in the field. If the weather is not favourable, as is often the case here, they should be spread on the floor of an outbuilding until thoroughly cured. They keep best in a dry, cool cellar with the temperature just above the freezing point. They should be cured with the REPORT OF MR. W. S. BLAIR 385 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 tops on, and will keep well in this condition, and topping can be done when they are prepared for the market. The yield of the different varieties as given below is from one row 33 feet long. The varieties are given in the order of their earliness. OXIOXS — TEST OF VARIETIES. Name of Variety. Paris Silverskin Sept. Barletta I « New Queen White Dutch Extra Early Flat Red Wethersfield Large JRed Southport Wliite Globe Mammoth Silver King Australian Brown Blood Red Straw-coloured Spanish Market Favourite Keeping Southjjort Yellow Globe James' Keeping Trebon"s Large Yellow Golden (j lobe Danver's Yellow Globe 11.. 11. 11. 11.. 11.. 11.. 11.. 11.. 11 . 11.. 11.. 11.. 11.. 33i 29vi 24 30S 18| 20^ 141 38i 29| 34i 26^ 40 23 29 m 25i CABBAGE. Twenty-three varieties of cabbage were grown in the test plots. The object of the experiment was to obtain information as to the value of the different sorts for early uiarket purposes. The seed was sown in a hot-bed April 13, in rows 4 inches apart. The plants were thinned to one inch apart in the rows on April 25, and were set in the open ground May 15. The glass should remain off the hot-beds for 10 days before putting the plants out to harden them up. The plants should be given plenty of room in the hot-bed and not too much water. The soil in which the plants were set was a heavy clay loam, which was manured in the fall of 1900 with stable manure at the rate of 20 tons per acre. This was ploughed under, and the following spring was worked up and run into rows 30 inches apart. The rows were raked off and the plants put out. On May 30, a tablespoonful of nitrate of soda was scattered on the soil around each plant, covering a space of about 5 inches in diameter. Nitrate of soda supplies nitrogen in a readily available form, giving the plants a vigorous start. They made good growth at the beginning, but owing to the exceptionally dry weather they did not produce large heads. The cabbage root maggot did not give any trouble this season, and seems to have entirely disappeared. The cabbage worm Pieris rapae is increasing, and is found to b(.' a very troublesome pest. Twenty plants of each variety were set in rows 30 inches apart, and 24 inches apart in the rows. The yield has been calculated from the produce of one row 33 feet long, there being 16 plants iii this area. These w-ere cut and weighed August 18 and 29. The following table gives the varieties in the order of their earliness. Heads of some of the varieties were lit for market before the ISth, and many of the later sorts were not fully developed. It was found that Flat Parisian, very early; Express and Early Spring, early; and Vandcrgaw, later, were the best of all the sorts tested. 16—25 38S EXPERIMEXTAL FARMS CABBAGE — TEST OF VARIETIES. 1-2 EDWARD Vil., A. 1902 Name of A'ariety. St. Juhn'-s Day Paris Market Flat Parisian Jersey Wakefield Express Early Spring Etami>es Earliest of All Imp. Pearly Summer. . . Early Summer Early Flat Dutcii. Earliest White Giant . Winningstadt Vandergaw Burpee's All Head All Seasons Succes.sion . Dwarf Savoy Green (ilobe Savoj' . . . Fottler"s Brunswick . . . Surehead Improved. . . . Premium Flat Dutch . . Marblehead Mammoth Aug. 18. Aug. 29. Number of heads pulled 12 8 12 10 11 11 9 9 8 7 Weight of heads. Lbs. 2U 19| 3l| 29i 23^ 255 2.5| 21 24i 17i 21' 19| 15| 18i 17' 12 m 7 7 6 Ci 6i Number of heads pulled. 9 9 9 9 9 10 12 12 12 13 14 14 14 14 Weight of heads. Total Number of heads pulled. Lbs. •"t 23:J 11 18i i3i lOh 17f l(i| 22 VJh m 26" 23i 23i 29i 33| 27^ 23 25 44^ 40^ 43 39i IG 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 Total Weight of heads. Lbs. 29 42S 42^ 48 47 46 43 37f 46^ 37 48i 45J 39| 42 46i 45| 364 33i 32 51 i 46i 494 453 CAULIFLOWER. Eight varieties of cauliflower were tested on land similar to and receiving: the same preparation as that on which the cabbages were grown. The seed was sown in the hot- bed April 9, and transplanted to another hot-bed April 25 in rows 3 inches apart, and 2 inches apart in the rows. They were planted in the open ground May 15, in rows 30 inches apart, and 20 inches apart in the rows. The yield given in the following table was from one row 33 feet long, there being 20 plants in that length of row. Twenty- five plants were set of each variety. The first heads of the early varieties were very good, especially the Early Snow- ball and Extra Early Whitehead, but the season becoming very drj- the remainder of the heads were not well formed. The Nonpareil, formerly tested here, and considered a good sort was poor this season, forming but few good compact heads. This was pro- bably due to the dry weather. The Half Early Paris was very poor. The Large Late Algiers gave some good heads later in the season. The cauliflower plant requires a good, deep, rich loam, retentive of moisture, as the heads do not fill out well and compact unless well supplied with water. The root maggot did not trouble any of the plants. Xitrate of soda applied at tho same time and in similar manner to that used on the cabbages proved valuable in giv- ing a quick vigorous early growth to the cauliflowers. REPORT OF MR. W. S. BLAIR 387 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Cut J ily 20. Cut Ji ily 26. Cut Aug. 5. Total Yield. Name of Variety. (4-1 O . is is o . to be oj r "o . 0,73 Character of Head. Karly Snowball 8 10 9 8 5 Lbs. 14 14i loi 15l 10 G 7 8 C Lbs. 20 1\ 9i lis 2 4 t 9 13 15 2 Lbs. 3i 3 3i 5: 9r 131 22| 2| 20 20 20 20 20 13 15 2 Lbs. 37i 2t| Good. Gilt Edge Fair. Extra Early Selected Erfurt 23i 32i 24i 13^ 22; 2| II Whitehead II Paris or Nonpariel Half Early Paris Good. Fair. Poor. Very poor. Good later. 1 TOMATOES. Experiments wore conducted this season with 48 varieties of tomatoes. The seed. was sown in a hot-bed March 25, iti rows 3 inches apart. The plants were thinned to one inch apart in the rows when quite small, and on April IG were set, one plant to a strawberry box filled with soil. These boxes were put close together into another hot- bed on about 1 inch of soil and remained there until put out in open ground on June 8. The tomato plant likes plenty of heat, and growth is vigorous if proper conditions are given. The plants, however, should have sufBcient ventilation to make them stocky and thrifty, and after the middle of May the glass should be left off the hot-bed as much as possible. When grown in strawberry boxes the earth soon dries out, making frequent watering necessary. The plants were put in the open ground in rows, 4 feet apart each way. The boxes in which the plants were grown were taken to the field and cut so that the plants with the earth attached could be taken out and placed in position without checking growth. The land on which these plants were put was previously in millet, and received no barn-yard manure for the tomato crop. After the plants were out a week a handful of nitrate of soda was scattered around each plant just before a rain. This proved very beneficial and gave a vigorous early growth not obtained in any other way. The varieties of rough and irregular growth are not as su.itable for market as the smoother sorts, and some of the earliest ripening varieties are of this character. Some, nowever, of the smooth sorts ripen the bulk of their crop about as early as many of the wrinkled ones. Of the wrinkled sorts the earliest of all. Early Eichmond and Early Conqueror are recommended. The last named sort is developing into a much smoother fruit than formerly, and splendid market specimens were obtained from some plants of this variety. The varieties recommended for market and general use are Early Ruby, Atlantic Prize, Fordhook's Eirst, Dwarf Champion, and Xew Stone. The quantity of fruit obtained from four plants of each variety is given in the following table. The balance of the fruit not ripened was picked September 10. 16—25^ EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 TOMATOES — EXPERIMENTS WITH VARIETIES. Name of Variety. Date of Early Pickings, and Yield of Ripe Fruit. Aug. 19. Aug. 27. Aug. 31 Earliest of All Early Conqueror Acme ...... Livingston's Perfection. . . Early Ruby Brinton's Best Matchless Early Bermuda Mikado Improved Trophy .... . . Mitchell's No. 1 Money Maker Early Richmond Beauty Early Bird Potato Leaf. New Stone. Favourite.. Mayflower Ponderosa Ignotum Crimson Cushion Atlantic Prize Canada Victor Royal Red Volunteer Comrade Lorillard New Enormous Democrat Aristocrat. New Everbearing Potomac Bond's Early Minnesota . Confeiv;nce Greekside Glory Baltimore Prize Taker Maule's New Imi)erial . . . . Imperial. ... Fordhook's First.. Buckeye State Waldorff _ .... Large Red Perfection . . . Thorburn's Long Keeper . Honor Bright Gulden Queen Table Queen Fordhook's Fancy O 4 15 8 7 4 11 11 10 9 9 8 7 6 5 4 4 2 2 O 15 9 4 9 6 8 14 8 4 2 8 3 2 10 5 1-5 6 14 5 6 10 7 4 3 4 4 3 7 6 4 7 3 3 2 4 2 5 5 6 5 4 4 3 8 4 4 4 3 4 4 9 7 6 2 8 12 3 4 3 8 1 14 1 10 1 10 3 14 5 8 3 1 (J O 26 7 32 8 14 9 24 .. 41 14 21 10 19 13 13 8 13 9 15 7 9 10 10 10 9 .. 20 13 18 10 21 18 18 7 14 8 17 6 18 .. 23 3 12 7 12 12 9 9 20 8 17 10 20 10 18 1 14 14 22 2 26 .. 16 12 18 .. S§ ^^ 14 16 22 16 14 30 12 IS 22 45 35 49 16 31 20 20 28 32 16 50 45 7 I 24 8 I 35 6 I 27 37 37 32 40 42 45 43 31 37 41 20 33 37 .38 40 28 40 18 34 28 32 37 25 21 10 -a s! h5 O 40 9 48 8 36 9 40 .. 56 .. 51 10 31 13 31 8 35 9 60 15 44 10 72 4 45 2 45 . . 51 14 35 6 38 10 41 .. 36 2 63 .. 63 8 34 7 56 8 45 6 55 7 52 .. 49 .. 58 1 65 3 58 .. 56 3 40 15 58 .. 58 10 40 10 51 1 52 .. 60 66 Size and Character of Fruit. 2 6 44 12 58 .. 37 10 50 2 51 10 38 2 32 2 Small rough. Medium smootii. Large smooth. Medium smooth. Large smooth. Large rough. Medium smooth. Large rough. Large smooth. Large rough. Medium smooth. Large smooth. Medium smooth. Very large rough. Large smooth. Largo rough. Medium smooth. Large smooth. Medium smooth. Large rough. Medium rough. Medium smooth. 1 Large rough. I Medium smooth. ; Large smooth. Small smooth. Large rough. Large smooth. Small smooth. CORN. Twenty varieties of garden corn were tested. The seed was sown June 5, on tlie level, in rows 3 feet apart, and the plants were thinned to 10 inches apart in the rows. The land was in garden pease the previous season, and was of a sandy loam character. It was ploughed in the spring and worked up. No barn-yard manure was used, but complete fertilizer at the rate of 500 pounds per acre was sown broadcast and harrowed in with the smoothing harrow. The horse cultivator was run through the rows at intervals of 10 days during the summer. REPORT OF MR. IF. ,?. BLAIR 389 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 The season was very suitable for the corn plant. The continuous warm weather matured the crop early, and varieties that have never before eared sufficiently for mar- ket produced a fine crop. The yield was calculated in each case from the product of one row 33 feet long. The following table gives the date of pulling, number of ears and weight of crop. The variety, Peep-0'Day, was the earliest variety grown. The best varieties as to quality were Crosby's Early, Early Marblehead and Early Minne- sota. The Metropolitan, iTew Champion and Nonesuch are excellent sorts for main croppers. EXPERIMEXTS AVITH CORN. Name of Variety. When Pulled. Number of Ears. PeepO'Day Ford's Early Sugar . . , First of All Red Cory White Cory Adams' Extra Early Early Marblehead. ... Crosby's Early Mammoth White Cory. Jjarly Minnesota Metropolitan New Champion Nonesucii Earliest Shefheld Old Colony Moore's Early Concoi-d Perry's Hybrid Hickox Improved Canada Yellow Early Giant Aug. Sept. 50 56 50 40 42 46 40 42 40 52 40 46 40 44 40 40 48 40 42 48 Weight of Ears. Lbs. 23 25 27 20i 28 24 23 17* 18| 28 33 37 34 26 34 29 36 36 19 40 Length of Ears. Inches, 51 to 6 6 „ 7 7 7 64 M 6 .. 6 „ H ,. 6 7 7i 6 6§ 6|.. 7^ 6 ,. 6i,. H u 6 M 6 „ 6 .. COKN ^YITH SUCKERS REMOVED AND NOT REMOVED Throe varieties of corn sown at the same time, fertilized in the same manner, and giver similar cultivation to that of the other corn plots, were grown to test the result of removing suckers from the corn plant in hastening maturity. The suckers were removed from one row of 33 feet July 20, and one row was left without being removed. No advantage was apparently gained by removing the suckers. The crop was pulled August 27, and the j'ield obtained was as follows : — Name of Variety. Peep O'Day . Red Cory . . . First of All SUCKERED. Number of Ears. 38 24 24 Weight of Ears. Lbs. 14 11 12 Not Suckered. Number of Ears. 34 34 30 Weigh 0 of Ears. Lbs. 13 18 17 390 EXPERIllEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. "902 PAKSXIPS. Six varieties of parsnips were sown May IG, in rows 30 inches apart. The land was previously in potatoes, and was a heavy clay loam. Barn-yard manure at the rate of 20 tons per acre was spread and ploughed under in the fall of 1900. The land was ploughed and worked up in the spring of 1901, and the rows run. The yields given are from 1 row 66 feet long. The Early Pound is a short parsnip of good quality for early use. The Guernsey is a half long sort, which is very desirable. The Hollow Crown is probably the best for general crop, and is of excellent quality. Name of Variety. Yield from Plot. Guernsey Cooper's Market . . Hollow Crown Elcombe's Giant.. Student D(ibbie"s Selected. Early Round Character of Root. Medium long. Long. Medium long. Short. " BEETS. The land on which the beets were grown was of similar character, and the prepa- ration the same as that on which the parsnips were grown. The yields given below were obtained in each case from one row 66 feet long. Name of Variety Extra Early Dark Red Flat. . . . Extra Early Blood Red Turnip Nuttings l)warf Improved Dell'.s Blood Leaf Long Smooth Blood First fit to use. July 22. 2.5. Aug. 15. 15. 15. Yield of Plot. Remarks. Lbs. 93 108 98 78 134 Small, short. Medium, short. Medium, half long. Small, half long. Large, long. WATER MELONS. Foiir varieties of water melons were started in a hot-bed by planting seeds May 4, in strawberry boxes filled with loam. One foot of horse manure was used in this hot- bed and a nioderate bottom heat obtained. It is not necessary to have much heat at this time of year for if forced the plants tend to have a weak and slender growth. The bed was kept well ventilated, and the plants were gradually hardened off by removing the glass entirely 10 days before setting them out. They were removed to the open ground June 10. Two plants were allowed to a box, and two boxes were set to a hill, and the hills were made 5 feet apart each way. The boxes were cut and the ball of earth removed with the plants so that no check was given to their growth. The hills were fertilized with complete fertilizers. The soil was a light loam and was ijreviously in millet, and no manure was used after that crop was removed. REPORT OF MR. W. S. BLAIR 39I SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Specimens from all of the varieties ripened. The crop was not heavy and the melons did not grow large, but were of excellent quality. The varieties Peerless, Stoke's Early, Cole's Early, and Vick's Early were grown. For enrliness they come ia the order named. The Peerless was the finest of the sc-ts tested. CUCUMBEES, SQUASH AND PUMPKINS. Thirty-two varieties of cucumbers. Twenty-four varieties of squash and five va- rieties of pumpkins were grown on land of similar character to that on which the water melons were grown. Owing to the dry weather the crop was L.nall, but the qua- lity of the squash was above the average. The White Spine and Boston Pickling cucumbers were the best varieties for gen- eral market and pickling purposes. The Bay State and Early Marblehead are two squashes worthy of special mention. The quality of these was exceptionally fine, espe- cially the Bay State. The Hubbard and Essex Hybrid were the two best wii.ter sorts tested. SPINACH. Several varieties of spinach were tested. The ground was prepared in a similar manner to that on which the parsnips were grown. The seed was sown in rows 28 inches apart on May 16. The Victoria was the best of the sorts tested, and was fit to use June 22. This plant makes excellent ' greens,' and is of the easiest culture. EXPERIMENTS WITH EAPtLY POTATOES. Eight varieties of early potatoes were planted to test their relative earliness when fertilized in different ways. One-half of a plot of ground was manured in the spring with 20 tons of stable manure per acre. The other half had no manure. The land was ploughed and worked up, and run into rows 28 inches apart. Two rows of a va- riety were planted through this strip thus making one-half of them manured and one- half not manured. Every other row was fertilized at the rate of 500 pounds of potato fertilizer per acre, which was scattered along the rows and covered with the potatoes. The land was a heavy clay loam, and suffered greatly from the dry season, the crop being very poor. The first digging was made August 19, to find out what varieties would give the best results at that date. Strips 33 feet long were dug across each set of plots, and the potatoes gathered from each row. The yield given in the following table is from 1 row 33 feet long : — 392 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Dug Au GUST 19. Not Manured. Manured . Name of Variety. Fertilized. Not Fertilized. Fertilized. Not Fertilized. j5 3 o| u 3 IS Not Marketable. 6 3 eS 3 « 3 if 3 ■§-5 " Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. 2oh 221 6J 3h 24| 4 3 24 18^ 6 5i 19 15 3i 4 Burpee's Ex. Early 20 17 6 81 12 9 8h 19 20f 6 5i lOJ 14 5^ 5^ Crown Jewel . 22h 7 9 5 241 4 141 3 Early Gem 12 8 9 5i 17 7i 14 6i Pearce's Ex. Early 11 6 10 5 21 4 14^ 5^ Early Ohio 12 6 9 ^ 16^ 7 11 4i Name of Variety. .Irish Cobbler Burpee's Ex. Early Bovee Early Sunrise Crown Jewel , . Early Gem Pearce's Ex. Early . , Early Ohio Dug October 4. Not Manured. Fertilized. Not Fertilized. Lbs. 34 19 22 16 20 10 17 10 .2 3 0) f Lbs. Lbs. 6 15 9 16 Sh 9^ 7h 12 n 10 6 ''i : 9 12 ! « 10 1 _?_ Lbs. 6 8 4-i 5 0 0 Jklanured. Fertilized. '^^ Lbs. 21 27 25 19i 24i 19 17 22i Lbs 7 6 8 Hi 9i 8 Not Fertilized. Lbs. 19 12 18 14i 21i 14 181 14 ^1 Lbs. 6 4 6 61 8^ Hi 10 lOi 'REPORT OF MR. W. S. BLAIR 393 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 MEETINGS ATTENDED. I attended the annual meeting of the Nova Scotia Fruit Growers' Association at Wolfville, N.S., January 28 and 29. I also addressed agricultural meetings at the following places : — January 15.— Collingwood, N.S. January 24.— Great Village, N.S. 16.— Wallace Bridge, N.S. " 25.— Bass Kiver, N.S. " 17.— Upper Malagash, N.S. " .30.— Bridgetown, N.S. " 18. — Tatamagouche, N.S. March 1. — Kingston, N.B. " 19.— Kiver John, N.S. " 4.— Berwick, N.B. " 21.— Earltown, N.S. " 5.— Jeffrey's Corner, N.B. " 22.— Central New Annan, N. June 19.— East Amherst, N.S. " 23.— Wentworth, N.S. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, W. S. BLAIR, Horticulturist. 1-2 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 A. 1902 EXPERIMENTAL FARM FOR MANITOBA. KEPOET OF S. A. BEDFORD, SUPEPJNTENDENT. Braxdox, IIax., November 30, 1901. To Dr. Wm. Sauxders, Director Dominion Experimental Farms, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the lionour to submit herewith my fourteenth annual report, with details of experiments undertaken and work accomplished on the Brandon Experi- mental Farm during the past year. The past winter was unusually mild. Snow fell early and the ground was com- pletely covered until spring, but owing to the absence of severe wind storms there were very few drifts. Spring opened about the average date, the first seeding being done at the Experi- mental Farm on the 8th of April, but on the 15th of April there was a heavy snow storm which delayed seeding for a week. After this date the weather was favourable and seeding was finished by May 16. During the latter part of May the weather was unusually hot and dry, so much so that in a few instances young plants were completely killed. On June 6, there was a heavy fall of wet snow. The growing grain was com- pletely covered, while trees and shrubs were bent to the ground and in many instances severely injured. On the night of the 7th of June, there were six degrees of frost, which severely in- jured both wild and cultivated fruits. The rainfall in June was above the average and the growth of grain rank, but very soft and favourable to the spread of rust. July was quite favourable for the growing crop, and August was dry and free of frost. September and the early part of October were very showery and unfavourable for stacking and threshing, and much of the wheat became badly bleached, but the yield of all kinds of grain was largely above the average in nearly every part of the pro- •vince, and the country has produced much the largest crop of grain in its history. EXPEPJMEXTS WITH SPRIXG WHEAT. Perhaps the most important feature, this year, in connection with this, our most valuable grain, is the remarkably uniform excellence of the crop throughout the pro- vince. In no portion of the country has the crop been a failure, and in nearly all parts the yield has been above the average. In addition to this the area sown is larger than usual, these two features combining to make it the largest crop of wheat grown in the country. Owing to the -rank growth of straw and the unfavourable weather, the crop was unusually expensive to harvest and thresh, and it is feared that a considerable portion of it, in some districts, will remain in the stack all winter, 395 396 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD Vir., A. 1902 On the Experimental Farm the yield of wheat was gen rally above the average, the only exceptions being the varieties particularly subject to rust, some of these gave a very poor yield of shrivelled grain. Among the varieties tested this year, for the first time, are a number from Aus- tralia. These were, with one exception, badly rusted and the yield was small. Aus- tralian Xo. 13 had good clean straw and was quite productive, but the kernel was small and light. The heads of all the Australian varieties were large, and it is possible that they may compare more favourably in a dry year. Four interesting varieties were received from the Minnesota Experiment Station. These had long but open heads and none of them equalled the Eed Fife in productive- ness. The Goose wheat is again near the head of the list. It was the only variety per- fectly free of rust, the straw remaining clean and bright all through the wet harvest weather. The grain is very flinty and not marketable here. Four of the cross-bred varieties, originated at the Experimental Farms, have this year surpassed the Eed Fife for productiveness. One of these, ' Crown,' is also second on the list of the best twelve varieties for the past five years. There was a remarkable absence of smut in the wheat this year. This is particu- larly fortunate for had it been otherwise, the wet harvest and threshing season would have very thoroughly distributed the spores, greatly injuring the sample. Owing to the unfavourable weather during the latter part of the season, most of the grain will grade Xo. 1 and Xo. 2 Xorthern. About half an acre each of fall wheat and rye were sown during the month of August last. The plants became firmly rooted and were from four to six inches high when winter set in. Seventy-two varieties of spring wheat were tested this year. They were all sown on the second and third of May, on a sandy loam soil, in plots of one-twentieth of an acre each. Wheat — Test of Varieties. U) bi) % i &■ % <7l X H Character X Kind "c^ Yield ^1 Name of Variety. •sS of o of *> per Rusted. •B^ ■S) Straw. &D Head. be Acre. bo Q 6 s Is In. In. Lbs "« S Lb. an h^ Speltz Aug. 18 108 42 Verv weak. . " '. Bearded . . 4,600 45 20 39i Slightly. Goose . . ,. 23 112 46 Stiff II 4,820 42 62 iNone. .. 17 .. 19 106 108 48 Fair 50 Stiff 3.^ Beardless. 5,020 4,700 38 37 20 594;Slightlv. Admiral 59.1 Badly. Progress • .. 17 lOG 50: 3i II 3,180 3/ 60 II Clyde Red Fifb ,. 13 102 48 Fair U 1. 4,540 36 40 59J II .. 22 111 51 Stiff 3 M 5,140 36 40 1 60 Slightly. Monarch ., 20 109 48! M 3 II 5,220 36 20 59i II White Russian .. 22 111 4G 3 II 5,880 36 58i 11 Stanley .. 17 100 51 .. 3 11 5,080 36 59.i M Australian No. 13 .. 22 111 46 3 II 6,120 36 58^ M Vernon •• 20 110 44 Weak 2A Bearded. . 6.360 35 40 59 II Roumanian .. 22 112 5o; .. 3 4,700 35 40 j 62 ! M Beauty Huron .. 20 109 47iFair. . . . . . 3 Beardless. 5,300 35 40 58.V " .. 18 14 107 103 46 Stiff 3 3 Bearded. . Beardless. 4,720 5,640 35 35 20 .59 Badly. Alpha Laurel 45 „ 59 1 M .. 22 111 46 II 3i II 0,040 35 56 Slightly. Norval .. 11 101 45 Fair 2^ Beaifled . . 5,320 34 40 59il .1 Wellmans Fife 20 109 48 Stiff 3 Beardless . 5,060 34 40 59A Badlv. White Fife ,. 20 109 42 3i .1 5,380 34 20 60 II Ad vance .. 14 103 48 Fair 3 II 5,180 34 20 59 Slightly. Minnesota No. 1G3 .. 22 111 44 Stiff 3 .. .. 6,100 34 .. 59 Badly. White Connel! . ., 22 111 4(5 „ 3 ... 5,400 34 .. ! m Slightly. Minnesota No. 149 „ 22 112 46 M . H 1. 5,620 33 40 , 59^1 Badly. REPORT OF MR. S. A. BEDFORD SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Wheat — Test of Varieties — Concluded. 397 Name of Variety. ;« Dawn Benton Rio Grande Campbell's White Chafif, Rideau .... Minnesota No. 169 Blenheim Bine Stem Weldon Colorado Plumper Mason Preston Byron Angus Dufferin Blair ., Australian No. 9 Hungarian Pringle's Champlain.. . . Percy Cartier . Ebert Crawford Red Fern Fraser Dion's Early Riga . , Ladoga Herrisson Bearded .... Countess Robin's Rust Proof Beaudry Australian No. 10 Minnesota No. 181 Bishop ... Red Swedi.sh Essex Harold Australian No. 25 Cassell Hastings Australian No. 23 Chester Captor Australian No. 19 Australian No. 27 Japanesse 12 14 17 19 16 20 17 25 22 1 20 16 17 17 16 14 22 20 20 16 10 13 12 15 20 15 19 7 16 15 22 22 14 22 22 16 20 20 17 22 101 103 107 108 105 111 106 114 111 106 110 105 106 107 106 103 112 109 109 106 99 102 102 105 110 105 108 96 105| 105 1 In. Character of Straw. Fair. Stiff. Fair. . Stiff. . Fair. . , Stiff. . Fair. . Stiff. . . Ill 24 111 42 103 42 112 45 112 44 106 45 109 40 109 47 107 40 112 46 M 22 112 45 „ 20 109 44 „ 22 111 46 M 22 111 44 „ 14 103 39 M 22 112 43 „ 20 110 45 „ 28 99 43 41 39 53 47 45 49 491 51 44 50 44 43 50 49 48 45 Fair. 47 j Weak 46; Fair. . 42| n . 40| ,. . 50, Stiff. . . 38 Fair. . 43; Stiff... 46 'Fair. . . 48| M . . 42) Weak . 50 Stiff. . . 341 „ . . 42| .. . , 40 Weak Stiff. . Fair. . . Weak Fair. . . Weak . Stiff. . . Weak Fair. . Weak Fai Kind of Head. In. 3 2h 3| 3 3i 3 3A 3" H ? 3 3 4 3 3 3 I* 3 3 3 3 3 3 2h Beardless, 3 t Bearded. . 2 I „ .. 2i I Beardless. 3 I II 2i Bearded.. 3$ Beardless . 3 3 3 3i| „ . 2 ! Bearded. 3f Beardless. 3i 3" 3^ 3 3^ 3| 3^ 3 Bearded . . Bearded . Beardless Bearded . Beardless Bearded . , Beardless Bearded . Beardless Bearded . , Beardless Bearded , Beardless Bearded . , Beardless Bearded . . Lbs Yield per Acre. 4,440 4,080 6,220 3,640 3,760 6,240 5,460 4,900 5,840 6,420 4,120 3,680 4,940 4,160 5,040 3,860 5,920 5,680 4,660 6,340 4,180 4,800 3,820 5,060 5,220 5,740 5,800 3,360 5,120 5,660 4,460 5,320 .5,360 6,560 5,940 4,400 4,880 5,240 6,440 5,60(1 6,040: 5,240i 20 5,920 19 5,320 6,260 6,200 5,240 1,860 i I Lbs 20 20 20 40 20 40 20 40 20 20 20 i 55 40 56 59^ 5Si 60"' 59 59 59 58 571 59 59 60 I 61 58i 58i 48" 59 rM 58" 59i 58^^ 60 58. 59^ 58^ 60 58 60 59i 57 58 58-5 60 58J 55" 56 58 59 56 57i Rusted. 59 55A 57A 59 55 55i 50 Badly. II II Slightly. II Badly Slightly. Badly. Consid'rably Slightly. Badly. Slightly. Badly. Slightly. Badly. Slightly. 398 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD Vll., A. 1902 AvER.\GE Eesults of a Five Years' Test of Twelve Varieties of Wheat. Nance of Variety. Years included. Goose 11896, 1897, 1898, INIonarch 1896, 1S97, 1898, White Fife ]SI»3, 1K!I7, 1898, Crown IS'.ti;, 1 ^97. 1898, Red Fife 18UG, 1897, 1898, White Rus^an il896, 1897, 1898, Hungarian 18!)6, 1^97, 1898, Pringle's Champlain 1890,1897,1898, Huron 1896, 1897, 1898, Advance 1896, 1897, 1898, Colorado 1896, 1897, 1898, Herrisson Bearded 1896, 1897, 1898, Average Yield per Acre. Bush. Lbs 1899, 1901 40 32 1899, 1901 37 2 1899, 1901 30 30 1899, 1901 36 32 1899, 1901 34 42 1899, 1901 34 28 1899, 1901 32 38 1899, 1901 32 32 1899. 1901 32 22 1899, 1901 31 22 1899, 1901 29 24 1899, 1901 27 42 Field Plot.s of Spring Whe.vt. All were sown on summer-fallow in the proportion of one and a half bushels of seed per acre. Variety. Character of Soil. Size of Plot. Date of Sowing. Date of Ripening. Number of Days Maturing. Yield per Acre. Red Fife Clay loam Sandy loam Clay loam Sandy loam Clay loam Acres. 7 5 5 5 3 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 April 24.... 24.... 8.... 22.... 22.... 22.... 23. . . . 24.... 24.... 25.... 10.... 10 .. 23.... 23... 23.... 25. . . . 20.... 26.... Aug. 12.... „ 14... 8.... 12.... 8.... 12... 12... 8.... 21.. . 10.... 7. . . 10.... 8... 9.... 8 12.... ., 21.... 10.... 110 112 122 112 108 112 111 106 119 113 119 122 107 108 107 109 117 112 Bush. Lbs. 28 42 Preston White Fife Stanley 33 36 21 18 23 30 25 27 Red Fife 26 White Connell Peroj- Monarch Speltz Dawn Wellnian's Fife Tjad, 1.5. August 28. 28. Number of Days Maturing. 105 105 Yield per Acre. Weight jier Bushel. Bush. Lbs. I Lbs. 25 40 57 28 40 59 460 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 SUMMEE-r ALLOW COMPAKED WITH UXPLOUGHED STUBBLE. This year the difference in favour of summer-fallow is less than usual, no doubt owing to the rank growth on the latter. The stubble land had only borne one crop since it was summer-fallowed. The size of plots used for this test was one-fortieth of an acre, and the soil was a sandy loam. Both plots were sown on May 15. Variety. How Prepared. Rust. Ripe. Length Straw. Length of Head. Yield per Acre. Weiglit per Bushel. Red Fife Summer-fallowed . . Stubble, un ploughed Little .... Aug. 28. . . „ ... 1 .. 28. . . Inches. 45 42 Inches. 3 3 Bush. Lbs. 28 40 28 .. Lbs. 59 58 A TEST OF FEKTILIZERS FOR THE GROWING OF WHEAT. Unlike last year's experience with this test, the conditions were quite favourable. A shower followed directly after the spreading of the fertilizers, and they were at once washed into the soil and the wind had no opportunity to blow them away. From the accompanying tables it will be noticed that the plants treated with nitrate of soda have given the best returns. The size of the plots was one-fortieth acre, the soil was a rich clay loam which had been summer-fallowed. All were sown on Maj^ 10, and all were harvested on Aug- ust 23. The variety of wheat sown on all the plots was Red Fife, one and one-half bushels of seed per acre. Red Fife Wheat, Fertilizers Applied. ll 1-5 II 5 c ■si Kind of Head. Weight of Straw per Acre. Yield per Acre of Wheat. 1 • 100 lbs. per acre of nitrate of soda, ^ sprinkled when the grain was 2 in. high, balance when G in. high 200 lbs. per acre of nitrate of soda, ^ si)rinkled when the grain was 2 in. high, balance when In. 49 47 49 51 48 50 Stiff. . In. 3 3 3 4 3 ^ Beardless . 11 4,000 4,300 5,100 3,700 4,200 5,800 Bush. Lbs. • 39 20 40 .. 31 20 25 20 30 40 32 40 Lbs. GO m 58.i 59.5 60 No fertilizer used Superpho-sphate, 400 lbs. per acre, spread just before sowing. Muriare of jiotash, 200 lbs. per acre, spread just before sowing A mixture, 200 lbs. superphos]jhate, 100 lb.*, of nitrate of soda, 100 lbs. muriate potash, per acre, h spread before .sowing, h when 2 or 3 inches high SELECTED AND UNSELECTED SEED. During the harvest season of 1900, the largest heads were selected from the stand- ing grain of thirty-four varieties of wheat and six of barley. The seed was sown tliis year for a comparison with unselected seed from the same plots. The plots were all the same size, viz., 1-20 acre, and each pair was sown in cluso proximity. The accompanying tables give the result of each individual variety and also a summary which shows great variation in the returns, the average, however, shows that the unselected wheat yielded 9 pounds per acre more than the selected, and the selected barley 1 bushel 32 pounds per acre more than the unselected. REPORT OF MR. S. A. BEDFORD 401 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 The soil was a sandy loam, summer-fallowed. The plots of wheat were sown from, tlie 1st to the 7th of May, and those of barley on the iTth of that mouth. Wheat. Weight \ ield Weight Name of Variety. of Straw. per Acre. per Bushel. Lbs. Bush. Lbs. Lbs. Goose— Selected 5,140 41 62 4,820 5,120 42 20 37 62i Huron — Selected 61 •. Unselected 4,720 35 20 59 White Fife— Selected 5,380 37 60 .1 Unselected 5,380 34 20 60 Blenheim— Selected 5,200 36 40 59 5,460 32 20 58 5, .340 5,800 36 27 20 61 .1 Unselected 60 White Russian— Selected 3,460 36 59f u Unselected 5,880 36 58^ 5,380 35 20 59 .1 Unselected 3,180 37 60 White Connell— Selected 5,400 35 60 M Unselected 5,400 34 59^ Crown— Selected . • 5,520 34 40 59 M Unselected 5,020 38 59i Admiral — Selected 5.340 34 20 59^ .1 Unselected 4,700 37 20 59i 5,340 6,420 34 20 31 20 60^ M Unselected 59 Beauty — Selected 5,660 34 58 5,300 35 40 58^ 5,660 34 58| 5,080 36 59| Red Fife— Selected. 5,140 34 59 5,140 3(5 40 60 Preston— Selected 4,940 34 60 4,940 6,080 31 33 40 58i Laurel — Selected 57^ 6,040 35 56 6,180 5,840 33 40 31 40 59^ 59 Campbell's White Chafif- Selected 3,500 33 20 60 3,640 33 59 Mason — Selected 4,720 3,680 5,120 3,760 5,280 4,440 33 31 32 40 33 32 33 20 60i 61 Rideau — Selected 59^ 59 58i 59i 5,200 31 40 59 4.660 5,680 29 40 30 20 591 Captor — Selected 57$ 6,260 18 59 Dufferin — Selected 4,900 30 59 3,860 30 40 59 Alpha— Selected ••• 5,600 30 58 5,640 35 59 5,100 30 59 5,220 36 20 59| 5,000 30 59^ 5,120 27 57 Clyde— Selected 5,720 29 40 58i 4,540 5,520 36 40 29 40 59i Beaudry— Selected 60 5,360 25 40 58i Percy— Selected • • 4,740 29 20 58| 4,180 7,040 29 20 29 60 Wellman's Fife— Selected 58^ .5,060 5,420 5,180 34 40 28 34 20 59i 59 59 Blue Stem— Selected 4,900 26 56 4,900 31 40 57i Red Swedish — Selected 5,320 24 40 58 4.880 24 20 59 16—26 402 EXPERIMEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Suinmarv. Average yield of 34 varieties, selected... IP II 34 M unselected. Barley. Name of Variety. Odessa— Selected (1S99).. . . M Unselected Fulton— Selected . II Unselected Harvey — Selected II Unselected Prize Prolific -Selected II II Unselected. Sidney— Selected II Unselected Common— Selected II Unselected 3,800 3,300 3, .500 3,260 3,320 4,060 2,910 2,940 2,S60 3,460 2,200 3,200 Weight per Bushel. Lbs. 46 45 47 47 48 48 46 46 47 47 46i 46 Summarv. 'Average yield of 6 varieties, selected . . . It II unselected. Bush. Lbs. 32 16 30 32 EXPERIMENT WITH SPELTZ. This grain is still attracting considerable attention throughout the province, and numerous inquiries regarding it are received at the Experimental Farm. A notictVible feature in connection with this grain during the past wet harvest, was the bright almost rust proof straw which remained quite bright in spite of the several weeks exposure in the stook. A stack of this straw has been saved for the pur- pose of testing its feeding value for cattle. On rich summer-fallowed land the Speltz straw leaned badly, but not sufHcient to prevent the binders from cutting all the way around the field. The accompanying table gives the yield of Speltz, as compared with Red Fife wheat, American Beauty oats, and Mensury barley. The size of the plots was one- fortieth acre. The soil was a sandy loam, summer-fallowed. In another part of this report will be found the particulars of the feeding value of this grain for steers. L'EPORT OF MR. S. A. BEDFORD SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 403 Name of Variety. Speltz Wlieat Red Fife Wheat ..... American Beauty Oats Mensuiy Barley Date of Sowing. May 1.5 M 15 „ 15 M 17 Date of Ripening. Aug. 29 t> 28 „ 28 „ 20 No. of Days Maturing. lOG 105 105 95 Weight of Straw per Acre. Lbs. 4,720 G,460 4,480 3,GG0 Weight of Grain per Acre. Lbs. 3,080 1,720 2,320 2,320 SPELTZ— THICK AND THIN SOWING. The minsual size and formation of the berry of speltz causes much uncertainty regarding the most suitable manner of setting the grain drill. The accompanying table gives the resvilt of setting the Massey-Harris Shoe Drill, one bushel, one and a half bushels, and one and three-quarter bushels per acre. The size of the plots was one-twentieth acre, and the soil was a sandy loam, which had been summer-fallowed. Speltz Wheat — Thick axd Tiiix Sowixg. >i bo a. Name of Variety. Drill Date of Date of f. 1 Character of Straw. 'f^'^' Kind of Head. Yield per Acre. +3 ^ set for. Sowing. Ripening. 6^ §02 rw ®fq ^^ ^A ^A ^ Per Acre. Ins. Ins. Bush. Lbs. Lbs. Speltz 1 Bushel.. May 15 . . Sept. G.. 114 43 Weak .... 3 Bearded 33 20 41 II H ■• •■ M 15.. G.. 114 43 II .... 3 1 37 20 43 " ■ 1^ „ .. M 15.. G.. 114 43 " 3 40 43i Summer-fallowed vs. Uis'ploughed Stubble for Speltz. The small difference of yield in favour of the summer-fallow is no doubt largely attributable to the abundance of rain during the growing season. The test was made on plots of one-twentieth acre. The soil was a clay loam. Variety. Speltz How Prepared. Stubble, unploughed. Summer-fallow. . . Date of Sowing. May 15.. I, 15.. Ripe. Aug. 28.. .1 29.. Length of Straw. Inches. 36 47 Length of Head. Inches. Yield per Acre. Bush. Lbs. Weight per Bu.shel. Lbs. 41i 44" 16— 26i 401 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS EOTATIOX OF CKOPS. 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Two years ago, in accordance with your instructions, arrangements were made for a series of rotation plots, the principal object being the maintenance of the fertility of the soil, by ploughing under a leguminous crop every third year, instead of the usual summer-fallow. The Soja beans were sown in rows 1-i inches apart, using 60 pounds of seed per acre. The Red Clover was sown at the rate of 12 pounds per acre, and the mixed clovers in the proportion of 8 pounds of Alfalfa and 6 pounds of Alsike per acre. These leguminous plants were ploughed under when they reached their fullest develop- ment. The order of rotation is as follows : — Soja Beans Pease Tares Ked Clover ...... Alfalfa and Alsike Wheat Wheat Wheat Wheat Wheat Oats Wheat Oats Wheat Barley - • Wheat Wheat Wheat Wheat Wheat Wheat Oats. Wheat Wheat Wheat Wheat Oats Wheat Oats Wheat . Barley Soja Beans Pease Tares Red Clover Alfalfa and Alsike Wheat ^Summer-fallow. Oats Barley Wheat Oats Barley Oats Wheat. Oats. Wheat. Barley. Soja Beans. Pease. Tares. Red Clover. Alfalfa and Alsike, Wheat. Wheat. Wheat. Wheat. Wheat. Eesults of Third Year (1901) on Rotation Plots. Name of Variety. 1 Oats —Banner 2 i Wheat— Red Fife.. 3 Oats— Banner 4; Wheat— Red Fife.. 5!Barley CSoja Beans 7|Pease 8iTares 9 (Red Clover 10 Alfalfa and Alsike. 11 Wheat-Red Fife.. 12i Wheat 13 Wheat n 14 \Ahcat M 15 i Wheat .■ ) 1(> Summer-fallow 17 18 19 Oats — Banner. 20; Oats Previous Crop. Date of Sowing. Wheat Wheat Whpat Wheat Wheat Oats Wheat Oats Wheat Barley Soja Beans . Pease Tares Red Clover.. Alfalfa and Alsike Wheat Oats Barley Wheat Barley May 8. April 26. May 8. April 2G. May 22. „ 22. M 11. >, 11. „ 22. II 22. April 26! „ 26. .. 26 „ 26. 11 26. May 8. Date 1 Number , Leno;th of of Days of Ripening. Maturing . Straw. Yield per Acre. Aug. 18.. ,1 16 . I, 18.. I, 16.. 17.. 102 112 102 112 87 Inches. Bush. Lbs. Ploughed under Aag. 12. 8. 9. 10. Aug. 17., I, 17. n 17. „ 17.. Aug. 17.. ,. 17.. 113 113 ii;< 113 113 70 2 38 54 73 24 38 40 37 2 38 18 37 6 3!) 22 25 18 28 42 101 101 49 45 51 30 55 . . Weight l>er Bushel. Lbs. 35 60 34* 60" 46 60 60 60 60 GO 40 40J liEPORT OF MR. S. A. BEDFORD SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Summary of Kesults for Three Years. 405 Variety. 1899. 1 Soja Beans 2 Tease, Golden Vine 3 Pares 4 Red Clover 5 Alfalfa and Alsike 6 Wheat— Red Fife . 7i Wheat 8 Wheat 9 Wheat 10 Wheat 11 Oats — Bavarian . . . 12 Wheat-Red Fife. 13 Oats— Bavarian . . 14 Wheat— Red Fife. 15 16 17 18 19 20 Yield per Acre. Bush. Lbs. ^Ploughed under. Barley — Odessa.. . . Wheat— Red Fife. Wheat Wheat ,1 Wheat Wheat M 27 29 27 21 26 27 27 26 27 38 28 29 24 26 27 44 8 2 0 54 44 20 46 30 38 8 16 2 32 12 Variety. Yield Per Acre. 1900. Wheat— Red Fife. .. Wheat Wheat Wheat Wheat Oats— Banner Wheat— Red Fife... Oats — Banner. Wheat— Red Fife... Barley— Odessa Soja Beans "\ Pease, Oolden Vine I Taies - Red Clover.. Alfalfa and Alsike. j Wheat— Red Fife... Oats— Banner Barley — Odessa Wheat— Red Fife... Barley, Odessa . . . , Bush. Lbs. 27 23 25 15 11 18 8 26 6 12 42 42 4 14 42 32 26 22 12 44 Variety. Ploughed under. 33 15 6 16 34 12 32 48 44 1901. Oats— Banner Wheat— Red Fife.. Oats — Banner Wheat— Red Fife.. Barley — INIensury.. . Soja Beans "l Pease, Golden Vine | Tares Red Clover I Alfalfa and Al.*ike. J Wheat— Red Fife.. Wheat Wheat Wheat Wheat Summer-fallow Oats— Banner. Oats M Yield per Acre. Bush. Lbs. 70 38 73 38 37 54 24 40 2 Ploughed under. 38 37 39 25 28 51 55 18 6 22 18 42 30 Summary. Although further time M-ill be required before any definite conclusions can be drawn regarding the principal object of this experiment, there are already some sug- gestive results. Better returns were obtained in both this and last year from ploughing under annual leguminous crops than from ploughing under clovers. Plots one and three have each given more pounds of the same kind of grain in two years than Xo. 19 has in three years. EXPERIMENTS WITH OATS. Generally speaking, the oat crop throughout the province is above the average. On the Experimental Farm the yield has been good and the straw stiff, but the sample, owing to rust, is somewhat lighter than usual. All the seed was treated with formalin, and there was a total absence of smut. The newly introduced ' Tartar King Oat ' is a new white, sided variety with a remarkably stiff straw, and very handsome in appearance, but the yield, both in the field and the smaller plots, is somewhat disappointing. Another distinct new variety is ' Goldfinder Oats.' It has a somewhat thin and vellow oat, with a good stiff straw. The yield this year was better than that of the Tartar King, but not equal to many of the other varieties. Average yields of twelve of the most promising varieties are also given. It will be noticed that Banner leads in productiveness. The tests were made with sixty-five varieties, on plots of one-twentieth acre each. The soil was a sandy loam, summer-fallowed, and 2 bushels of seed was used per acre, sown with a drill. Salzer's Big 4 and Milford were sown on June 1, and all the other varieties from May 10 to 13. 406 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS Oats — Test of Vakieties. 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Name of Variety. Eai'ly Maine Improved American . . . . White Giant Danish Island Wide Awake. . . Siberian Golden Beauty American Triumph White Schon^n Wallis Lincoln Banner Irish Victor Columbus Bavarian . Abundance Golden Tartarian Holstein Prolific , Hazlett's Seizure. ...... Improved Ligowo , Mennonite American Beauty New Zealand Waverley Rosedale Sensation Early Gothland Early Blossom Buck bee's Illinois Early Archangel Goldfinder Cream Egyptian OderViruch Russell Kendal . Abyssinia Ohve .... Golden Giant Miller Bonanza White Wonder California Prolific Black. White Russian Joanette Newmarket Thousand Dollar Holland . , Early Golden Prolific. . . . blaster Date of Ripen- Aup King Oxford Cromwell Black Mesdag Salines Prize Cluster Brandon Pioneer Prolific Black Tartarian Salzer's Big 4 Pense Tartar King Black Beauty Flying Scotchman Scotch Potato Milford ^ 2P; W3 5^1 In. 102 102 103 101 103 JOl 104 101 101 103 101 103 99 99 101 102 100 102 93 99! 50 22i lOl] 48 20 2G 104] .55 104 60 102 55 104 1 55 104 106 101 110 90 104 104 no 102 109 106 104 89 92 991 48 105, 56 28 110 22 101 28 no 23 102 23 102 31 110 104 102 105 102 101 94 105 92 24, 103 221 101 25 31 28 22 26 20 26 Char- acter of Straw. Sept. 7 107 51 91 .50 110 51 101 49 108 52 99 51 105 52 98 45 Fair Stiff Fair Stiflt Fair Stiff Fair Stiff Weak Stiff Fair Stiff Fair Stiff Fair Stiff Fair Stiff Fair Weak Stiff Weak Stiff Fair Stiff Fair Stiff I Fair Stiff Weak Stiff Weak ) Stiff . Weak Stiff . Weak Stiff. Kind of Head. _6C Branching; iSided. ...I I Branching Sided.,... Branching 12i Sided. ... . 10 I Branching lopsided 10 I M .... 11 IBranching 9 I I2h Sided 8"! M 9 I M 12h Branching lOS 'Sided lO.^ISided 11 12 10 7 11 10 9 10 12 9 12 10 Branching Sided Branching Sided Branching 12.1 Sided..... 12 [Branching 12i Sided 12" 9 Branching 11 10 8i 10' 9 8 lOi 10" 12 12 12 I „ SiSided Sided. ... Branching Sided..... Branching Sided Sided Branching Lbs. 3,120 4,640 4,960 4,060 4,460 .4,880 3,980 3,940 4,640 2,180 4,280 4,700 4,120 4,440 3,940 4,360 4.780 4,340 4,640 3,940 3,980 4,200 5,440 4,640 3,100 3,640 5,440 5,360 5,500 4,300 4,900 4,140 3,100 4,880 5,200 4,700 5,120 4,220 5,220 3,740 4,240 5,440 4,540 4,660 3,480 3,080 4,900 3,620 4,340 5,260 4,360 5,280 3,800 4,340 4,340 4,680 4,700 .5,440 2,120 5,480 3,800 4,740 4,140 5,060 4,820 Yield per Acre. Rusted. pq h3 91 26 90 .. 89 14 89 14 89 14 88 28 88 28 87 2 87 2 86 16 85 30 85 10 84 24 84 4 84 4 as 18 82 32 81 26 81 6 81 G 80 .. 79 14 76 16 75 10 75 10 74 24 73 18 73 18 73 18 72 12 71 26 71 6 70 20 70 20 70 .. 70 .. 70 .. 69 14 69 14 69 14 69 14 68 28 68 8 08 8 67 22 67 2 00 10 05 30 05 30 05 10 64 24 63 18 63 18 02 12 61 20 00 20 00 20 .59 14 58 28 57 22 57 22 45 10 31 0 J2 1-5 3U 35" 33 35 30 35 30 341 37" 30 35 34 m 35^ 36 36 32 301 37' 37 3311 „ 3.5iISlightly. 38S!Nono. Badly. Slightly. Badly. Slightly. Badly. Slightl}'. Badly. Slightly. Badly. Slightly. Badly. Slightly. Badly. Slightly. Badly. Slightly. Badly. Badly. Slightly. Badly. 37A 39" 38 344 m 37' 38 40 34 33 30 37 35 34i 33^ 42 40 32 36 34 3ri'Slightly. 34 i I Badly. .30 'I M 34i „ 30VSlightly. 34.1 Badlv. 37",Sligl."tly. 33 ■ " 351 33" 40 361 37" 32 34 32 34 33 37' Badly. Slightly. Badly. Slightlv. Badly. "^ Slightly. Badly. Slightly. 33iJB.adly. 18"| ,. BE POUT OF MR. S. A. BEDFORD SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Average Results of a Five Years' Test of Eight Varieties of Oats. 407 Variety. Years included. Average Yield Per acre. Banner 1896-97-98-99-1901 1896-97-98-99-1901 1896-97-98-99-1901 .... 1896 97-98-99-1901. ... 1896-97- 98-99-1901 1896-97-98-99-1901 1896-97-98-99-1901 1896-97-98 99-1901... . Bush. Lbs. 91 Golden Beauty ... 8.3 26 Early Golden Prolific 83 14 White Scbonen ... 81 30 Holstein Prolific Abundance 81 78 S2 Improved Ligowo ^Master 75 26 72 2 Field Plots of Oats. These were all sown on summer-fallow, with a drill, in the proportion of two bushels of seed per acre. Variety. Ligowo Oat.s American Beauty Tartar King Waverley Banner Abundance . ,. . . . Goldfinder Character of Soil. Sandy loam Clay loam. Sandy loam Clay loam . Size of Plot. Acres. 5 3 3 3 3 2 1 Date Sown. Apl. Mav 25. 1. 9. 14. 8. 1. 14. Date Ripe. Aug. Number Days Maturing. 114 110 104 103 104 111 109 Yield per acre. Bush. Lbs. 59 49 59 69 68 75 63 9 2 18 9 18 9 10 EXPERIMENTS WITH BARLEY. Fifty-two varieties of barley were tested this year. The yield of nearly all the varieties was greatly lessened by rust, which attacked the plants very early this year. It was particularly bad in two-rowed sorts, discolouring the straw and shrivelling up the head. Mensury, the leading variety for iiroduetiveness, has proved itself one of the best for this' district. The plant is vigorous, the straw stift' and usually free from rust. The Hulless varieties, both black and white, are just now being recommended highly, by interested parties, but these sorts have not proved satisfactory here. The straw is very weak and the yield of grain below many other kinds. The two beardless varieties. Excelsior and Success, are also unsuitable for this province. The straw is very brittle, and owing to excessive and late stooling, the crop of grain ripens unevenly, and is light in weight. The size of plots used for this test of varieties was one-twentieth acre. The soil was a sandy loam which had been summer-fallowed. All were sown on May IT and IS, in the proportion of two bushels of seed per acre. 408 EXPERIMEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Barley — Six Eowed — Test of Varieties. Name of Variety. Date of Ripen- ing. i >-. 5P "> Character ;g I of '^ Straw. Length of Head. Mensury . Mansfield. . Yale ; Garfield ' Albert. ' Phoenix j Argyle Petschora \ Excelsior j Claude | Summit i Baxter . . . Hulless Black. . . Nugent Royal ^ Emjjire Blue Long Head! Surprise i Rennie's ImpA'd! Cliami>ion A'anguard Oderbruch .... Suct;ess : Common TroojXfr Biome Pioneer 1 Odessa | Stella Hulless White.. Aug. 20 12 16 20 12 12 161 161 12 201 16 16 18 19 16 20 20 19 17 13 14 17 18 14 20 20 15 18 20 12 95 87 91 95 87 87 91 91 87 95 91 91 93 94 91 95 95 94 92 88 89 92 93 89 95 95 90 93 95 87 Weak Stiff. In. I 41 Stiff . 44 I .. 39 'Fair. 40 i Stiff. 38 Fair. 34 Stiff. 42 I Fair. 38 ; Stiff. 46 I .> 49 I .. 39 43 40 37 34 36 33 36 43 37 41 41 42 41 36 36 39 39 37 32 In. Weak . . Stiff Weak . . Fair Weak . . . Stiff Weak . . . Fair Weak . . . 3i 3" 3 3* 2l 4 3 3h 3" 3 3 3 3 2i 3* 3 3h 2i 2h 2h 3S 2" 2 3 3 3 3 3i 3' 2i Weight of Straw. Yield per Acre. Lbs. Bush. Lbs. 3,660 3,100 3,640 3,180 2,860 2,760 4,1(30 3,000 3,140 3,840 3,200 3,000 3,520 2,080 2,580 2,600 2,800 3,1(30 3,660 2,200 2,980 3,160 2,660 3,200 3,800 3,160 3,880 3,300 3,460 2,100 48 16 47 24 47 4 46 12 41 8 44 8 43 36 41 32 40 40 38 36 37 24 37 24 36 32 33 36 33 36 33 16 33 16 32 4 32 4 30 40 29 28 29 28 29 28 29 8 29 8 27 44 27 24 26 32 21 32 16 12 Weight per Bushel. Lbs. Rusted. Slightly. Badly. Considerably. Slightly. Badly. 46 46 40 47 47 49i 47" 47 41 47 47 48 61 47 47 46* 46" 47 47^ 41 'Slightly. 47 Badly. 46 40 'Slightly. 40 Badly 46 48 49 45 47 55 Slightly. Badly. Barley — Two Eowed — Test of Varieties, « . <*- ^•a= 0 Date of -S.5 i." Character Length Weight Yield Weight of "*- 5 ^2 of of of l)er per Rusted. Variety. Ripen- ing. 1^ 'f Striw. Head. Straw. Acre. Bushel. In. Inches. Lbs. Bush. Lbs. Lbs. Jar vis Lze. 16 91 47 Fair 4 3.480 47 44 47 Slightly. Gordon „ 20 95 44 Stiff 3 3,180 43 36 46i Badly. Harvey Dunham ,. 20 94 43 Weak .... 4 4,060 42 24 48 ., 16 91 40 •1 4 3,700 41 32 48 11 Cliffo.'J „ 16 „ 20 91 94 43 40 Fair Stiff 4 3 3,120 3,260 39 8 36 12 48 " FulUjn 47 ;Slightly. Logan .. 22 % 44 4 3,400 35 20 48 Badly. „ 18 93 44 Fair 4:V 2,800 35 20 50 Nejiean „ 18 93 48 Weak .. 3l 3,880 31 32 47 Stand well .. 22 96 3S Stiff 3 2,840 30 20 47 Inv'.ncible ., 20 95 42 Fair 4 2,700 29 8 49 Kirby , . Victfir „ 19 94 40 Weak .... 3i 3,340 28 16 49 M 17 92 43 It ... 4 3,7, . Quantity of Oats sown per Acre. 1 peck . 2 „ . Date of Sowing Date of Ripening May 6.. 6.. AU£ Number of Days Maturing . 113 113 Total Yield per Acre. Bush. Ll)s. 46 Weight per Bushel. Lbs. 43 38 Thick and Tinx Sowing of Pease. It is usually difficult to get a close stand of pease in this country. For this reason, it was expected that a somewhat heavier sowing than usually practised in the East would give the best results, but the result of this year's test does not appear to confirm this opinion. The size of the plots for this test was one-twentieth acre, the soil was a sandy- loam, summer-fallowed, and all were sown on May 8. 412 EXPERTMEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Name of Variety. 1^ t< "o g Character -g ft of |c SoiL 11 ! < Date of Sowing. be 's to G is Character of Growth. 1 "c i 0 Size of Pea. Total Yield per Acre. Potter Bush.| 2 Sand loam 1* :: :: Acre. May 8 8 8 Aug. 29 118 Fair.. . . In. 6C 60 60 Lbs 2i 2$ Medium . . Bush. Lbs. 33 40 ,. 29 113 33 40 M 29 113 32 20 THICK AXD THIX SEEDING OF FLAX. The size of the plots for the test was one-twentieth acre, the soil was a sandy loam which had been summer-fallowed. The accompanying table gives the second sowing for this test. The first plots were sown on May 10, and were destroyed by cutworm. Variety. riax Amount of 'Seed sown I per Acre. Lbs. 40 30 20 Date of Sowing. May 31. ., 31. M 31. Length of Straw. In. 26 26 26 Date when Pulled for Fibre. W eight YiplH of Strawi . cf '*^J^ Acre. ^•^'■^- Sept. 5. 5. 5. Lbs. 2,800 2,200 2,400 Bush. Lbs. 14 11 11 56 44 14 Weight per Bushel. Lbs. 56 56 56 BUCKWHEAT— A VOLUXTEER CROP. One of the objections to the cultivation of buckwheat in this country is the fact that the grain ripens so unevenly that the first-formed grain shells before the rest is fully matured, and the shelled grain, coming up in the next year's croi)s, injures the samples. The shelled grain in last year's buckwheat plots was lightly covered this spring, and the yield, as wiU be seen by the following tables, was a good one. Variety. Date Sown. Date ! Weight ' -vr- u of ! of : Yield per Ripening. Straw. Acre. Weight per Bushel. Japanese Autumn, 1900 Sept. 16.. Gray .. 1900 , ,. 16.. Silver Hull... ' .. 1900 n 16.. Lbs. 220 500 440 Bush. Lbs. 28 35 32 19 20 32 Lbs. 47 48i 52 EXPERIMEXTS WITH IXDIAX CORX. Fodder corn was somewhat later in maturing this year, but the crop was an average one. KEI'ORT OF MR. S. A. BEDFORD 411 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 North Dakota White and Pearce's Prolific, the two varieties which seem most desirable for this part of the province, both reached the late milk or roasting stage on September 1. The fields of these varieties grown for ensilage gave a very satisfactory yield. The corn was cut with a binder, and allowed to wilt for several days before being put into the silos, and already the ensilage is giving off an agreeable, malty odor, indicating good quality. The seed was sown on May 29, in rows 30 inches apart, using about half a bushel of seed per acre. The crop was cut on September 5. Thirtj'-four varieties were under trial. The soil was a rich, black loam, which had been summer-fallowed. The yield was calculated from two rows, each G6 feet long. IxDiAN Corn — Test of Varieties. Xame of Varietj'. O Thoroughbred White Flint Rank Salzer's All Gold. . . F; Yellow Long Eared N'rth Dakota White Pearce's Prolific. . . . Rank Sanford Fair Pride of the North . M a m ni o t h Eight Rowed Flint Rank, Extra Early Huron Dent Fair Red Cob Ensilage. . Rank. Longfellow Salzer's Superior Fodder jFair Mammoth Cuban . . Rank. Giant Prolific En silage Selected Learning, . Fair .. Champion White] Pearl | n White Cap Yellow! Dent I M Evergreen Sugar. . . Rank. King of the Earliest Fair. . Cloud's Early Yel low Black Mexican North Dakota Yel low Early Butler Early Mastodon . . . Conipton's Early. . . Rank. Kendall's Early I Giant Fai Country Gentleman Canada White Flint Angel of Midnight, Mitchells Extra Early . . . \Veak Black Mexican.. , Salzer's Earliest Ripe Extra Early Szekely Yellow Six- Weeks . IFair . Leafiness. In. 99 Leafy . Ill Little . 104 Leafy . 81 Very leafy 90 Leafy 93 96 Little . When Tas- selled. In Silk. 94 99 115 99 Leafy Little Little Leafy , 118 Fairly. 104 i Little . 101 [Fairlv. 107 'Little . 101 „ ., 106 Taiily.. 87 Fairly., 90 Little .. 11.3 ' ,. .. 82 Fairly....! 92 I Very leafy 96 Xittle. . 108 i ^H . 90 jVery leaf}", 72 {Fairly.... 78 1 Little 107 {Leafy.... 9/ Very leafy Aug. 22 ,. 19 „ 1.3 „ 16 M 12 „ 13 M 20 „ 12 Fairly. Slight ... Fairly ... Little . . . Aug. 31 ,, 27 .. 20 „ 22 M 18 - 21 Early Milk. I _ I Weight Late Condition I per acre Milk, j when cut. grown I in rows. Weight per acre grown in hills. 4 1 20 Sept, Aug, Sept Aug. 25 30 Sept Aug. Sept Aug. Sept. 4 Aug. 3o' 31 1 Sept, 29 „ 27 1 Aug. 25 Sept, 4 27 I ..IE. 5 L. 1 L. 31 L. i:l. E. E. Milk. E. Aug.27iSept. ..E. „ . ..Silk.. ,. 5,L. Milk. Sept. 5 . . . Aug. 31 [Sept 26 Aug, 30 Sept 17 ISilk jE. Milk. A.ug. Sept Au) 19 28 30 Sept 18 17 28 20 25 Sept, i 7Au, . Mar. 22.. .2,705 „ . April 18 ... . 2,810 ,> . Gain. I Total Gain. 80 lb.?. . 50 M .. 133 45 M . . 308 lbs. Steers Fed on Mixed Grain. Date. Original weight JDec. 28 2,497 lbs Weight end of 1st period . 2nd 3rd 4th Weight. Jan. 25.... 2,542 Feb. 22. Mar. 22. 2,560 M 2,675 „ April 18.... 2,725 „ . Gain. 45 lbs, . , 18 .. . . , 115 ,1 .. 50 ,. . . , Total Gain. 228 lbs. Cost of Feeding Each Lot of Two Steers. 2.240 pounds of straw at $1 per ton 840 pounds of corn fodder at $4 per ton . . 4,648 pounds of ensilage at $2 per ton . . . . 2,128 pounds of chop at 75 cents per hundred Summary of Eesults. P 1 12 1 68 4 65 15 96 $23 41 Steers fed on speltz Steers fed on mixed grain First Cost of Steers. Value of Feed j Price Sold Consumed. for. $81 31 81 12 $23 41 23 41 $129 26 125 35 Profit. $24 54 20 82 Speltz as Feed for Steers. During first four wccls, Dec. 2S to Jan. 25, each steer received per day ; Lbs. Straw • 10 Corn fodder . 5 Ensilage 20 Chop 7 During second four vccelcs, Jan. 25 to Feb. 22, 1901, each steer received per day ; Lbs. Straw 10 Corn fodder 5 Ensilage 20 Chop 9 ^ EXPERIMEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 During ihird four weel'S, Feh. 2.2 to March 22, 1901, each steer received per day ; Lbs. Straw 10 Corn fodder 5 Ensilage 20 Chop 11 During the fourlJi four weeks, March 22 to April 10, 1001, each steer received per day ; Lbs. Straw 10 Ensilage 23 Chop 11 BuoME Grass Pasture for Steers. The field selected for this purpose was seeded to brome grass, on summer-fallow, in August, 1898. The area was one acre. Four pigs were pastured on it during 1899 and 1900, and any grass they did not consume was cut and made into hay. One of the animals was a Shorthorn grade, twenty-three months old, and weigh- ing 1,090 pounds on May 8, when the experiment was commenced, the other was a Guernsey grade twenty-one months old, and weighing 980 pounds. Both steers were kept closely confined to the field from May 8 to August 28. A small building afforded them shelter during severe storms. Water was given them twice a day, but no grain or other feed in addition to tlie pasture. There was abundant pasture for the steers until August 28, when it became v^ery short and the cattle were removed. The accompanying tables give particulars of this experiment. Comparative Gains. Shorthorn— Grade Steer ' Redely.' Date. Weight. Original weight Weight end of 1st four week: 2nd 3rd 4th Guernsey — Grade Steer ' Dick.' Driginal weight iVeight end of 1st four weeks 2nd 3rd 4th May S June 5 July 3 M 31 Aug. 28 May 8. June t) . July 3, ., 31 . Aug. 28, Lbs. 1,090 1,21.5 1,250 1,300 1,335 980 1,080 1,130 1,190- 1,225 Gain. Lbs. 125 35 50 35 1)0 50 GO 35 Total Gain. Lbs. 245 245 Total gain for the two steers on one acre of brome grass pasture for four months equals 490 pounds, at 3J cents per pound, equals $17.15. BULL SERVICE. The bulls on the Experimental Farm have all been available for service to the farmers and others at a nominal figure. This privilege has been readily taken advan- REPORT OF MR. .9. A. BEDFORD 427 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 tage of, with the result tlmt the stock in this neighbourhood has greatly improved in charaeter since tjje establishment of tlie Experimental Farm. During the past two years, the three bulls on the farm have served 193 cows. This is in addition to the Experimental Farm herd. Eighty-two cows were served by the Shorthorn, 72 by the Guernsey, and 39 by the Ayrshire. Importance of the Sire. A very striKing instance of the prepotency of the sire is shown in the form and milking record of tlie two grade cows ' Violet ' and ' Pansy.' These were both from the same grade cow, ' Daisy.' Violet's sire was a beefy Shorthorn bull, and Pansy's a large Ayrshire bull. Both take after their respective sires in appearance. The plate near the beginning of this report was made from photographs of these animals. From the accompanying table, it will be seen that the Ayrshire-grade, not only gave the largest quantity of milk per day, but her milking period was also much longer. Name of Cow. Breed. Milking Period. Pounds Milk. Number Days. Milk per Day. Violet Pansy Violet Shorthorn —Grade Ayrshire— Grade .. Shorthorn — Grade Ayrshire — Grade .. Aug. 10, 1899 to Feb 17, 1900. Sept. 29, 1897 to Oct. 7, 1898. Aug. 15, 1900 to Jan. 17, 1901 Apl. 29, 1899 to Apl. 22, 1900 1,076 .5,241 1,08.5 8,2.52 191 373 1.55 358 Lbs. Oz. .5 10 14 7 .. 23 .. SWINE. The herd of swine on the farm continues in good health, and consists of the fol- lowing animals : — Name. Breed. Age. Royal Victor Neepawa Bob Minnie Merle 3rd 3 years. 10 niontlis. 2 years. 3 months. 3 years. 3 M 8 months. Nina of Brandon Brandon Chief ^our Cross-breds Berkshire Sow x Tamworth Boar .... 7 11 POULTRY. The fowls have kept quite healthy, and seventy chicks were raised during the year. The flock now consists of 48 Light Brahmas, 13 White Plymouth Hocks and 21 Black Minorcas. Fattexixg of Brahmas Compared with Ply>[outii Rocks. Four Brahmas and an equal number of White Plymouth Rocks were shut up in slatted pens, each 2x3 feet, and fed all they would eat of finely-ground grain, consist- ing of oive-third each of oats, wheat and barley. This was given, in troughs, mixed with ski^n milk to about the consistency of thin porridge. 428 EXPEIilMEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 In the estimate of cost, the meal has been valued at $1 per hundred pounds. From the accompanying tables, it will be seen that the Brahmas produced the cheapest meat by one-third of a cent per pound. The Plymouth Rock fowls presented the best appearance, being more plump and shapely than the Brahmas. Light Brahmas. AVeight September 24. Weight October 8. Weight October 22. Gain. * Cost. Cost Per Pound Live Weight. Lbs. Oz. 20 9 Lbs. Oz. 25 8 Lbs. Oz. 29 11 Lbs. Oz. 9 2 Cents. 34 Cents. 3§ White Plymouth Rocks. 18 5 22 12 26 5 8 32 4 Oats Compared with Mixed Gr.un as a Fattening Ration. Eight Light Brahmas were used for this test. They were divided into two lots, nearly equal in weight, and shut up in separate feeding pens. One pen was fed with oats alone, ground fine and mixed with skim milk ; the other pen was fed with grain, consisting of one-third each of oats, wheat and barley. The accompanying table shows that the pen fed with oats made the greatest gain and at the least expense. Grain Fed. Oats Mixed grain. Weiglit November 2. Lbs 2.3 23 Oz. 11 13 Weight November 22 Lbs. Oz 32 . 31 Gain. Cost. Lbs. Oz. 5 Cents. 31 29 Cost Per Pound Live Weight. Cents. 3^ BEES. Of the eight colonies of bees placed in the cellar last winter, six wintered safely, nnd two died from diarrhoea. These two hives were located close to, but not touching, an outside stone wall, and the frames were quite damp and mouldy in the spring. One of the hives lost its queen during the winter or early spring. This fact was first dis- covered by noticing that the bees failed to gather pollen. A queen was at once pro- cured from the south and introduced by means of the shipping case. The bees adopted her at once, quickly became populous, and this colony was one of the largest producers on the farm. With one exception, the colonies on the Experimental Farm have been kept for years without intermixture from outside sources, and they are exceedingly tame ; but one colony, supplied with an imported queen this year, is decidedly cross and attacks the attendant on the least provocation. It will be interesting to watch the effect of continued gentle treatment on this colony. The hives were placed on their summer stand on April 10, and at once worked freely on willow and poplar blossom. Although a part of the season was too cloudy and wet for the best results, the months of July and August were bright and sunny, and the yield of honey for the season averaged 30 pounds per hive, spring count. The quality of the honey was excep- REPORT OF MR. S. A. BEDFORD 429 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 tionally good, and found ready sale at from 10 to 15 cents per pound for the extracted article. The honey of this province is very largely obtained from wild flowers, and seldom varies in quality during the season. Nearly all the surplus is gathered during the months of July and August, the other months yielding only sufficient to keep up breeding. Seven additional swarms were hived during the summer. Six of these were July pwarms and one in August. All these became strong before winter, and the early July swarms were among the most productive colonies of the year. The first extracting was done on July 22, and the first drones were killed on September 9. It is found advisable to place the summer stands among the shelter of trees and only about 4 inches from the ground. This enables the heavy laden bees to reach their hive readily, and saves considerable loss from the strong winds prevailing here. Although our winters are usually very long, there is generally very little trouble in wintering bees in this province, providing the cellar is dry and dark and the tem- perature is kept from 35 to 45 degrees. In the fall, before placing tlie bees in the cellar, the temperature should be carefully ascertained, and unless below 50 degrees, the bees should not be moved from their summer stand until the cellar has cooled. A high temperature causes uneasiness and much loss. HORTICULTURE. GENERAL REMARKS. Notwithstanding some drawbacks, the past season has certainly been a favourable one from a horticultural standpoint. The condition of the soil in the spring was fav- ourable to early germination, and early sown vegetables, such as onions, lettuce, &c., progressed rapidly, a necessary essential to success in the case of vegetables requiring a long growing season. During May, we experienced a long spell of hot and dry weather, the thermometer registering as high as 95 degrees Fahr. in the shade. On the evening of May 24, the thermometer dropped to 28 Fahr., but the only noticeable damage from this cause was the curling of the leaves of the Native Ash (Fraxinus pcnnsylvanica lancelolata) and the Native Oak {Quercus macrocarpa). A continued low temperature from this date culminated in a heavy rainfall on June 3 ( -94 of inch), and, with a still falling temperature, we were visited with another heavy rain on the evening of th(3 5th, which changed during the night to snow, loading the branches of the trees so heavily as to break a considerable number of them, also badly smashing the stems of the talier-growing varieties of herbaceous perennials. The most serious damage in this connection was sustained by the hedges, in many instances the centres being laid open, and pruning had to be exercised judiciously throughout the balance of the sear<,:n in order to overcome the effects. The morning of June 6 was bright, and the snow rapidly disappeared, but unfortunately the thermometer fell in the evening to 27*5 Fahr., seriously reducing a splendid set of plums and crab apples, and totally destroy- ing corn, cucumbers, beans and squash, together with many of the newly bedded annual flowers. The remainder of the season was all that could be desired, and the comparatively long, open fall compensated for much of the damage done early in the season, and. as an instance of the wonderful rapidity of growth here, the cucumbers, squash, &c., thai; were destroyed by frost and re>^own as late as June 7, produced a large crop early in August, results equal to previous years when sown on May 30. All tree seeds germinated well, and a feature of the season was the luxuriant growth made by both fruit and forest trees, some specimens of the native maple (Acer negundo) showing six feet of new wood. 430 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS APPLES, 1901. TRAXSCEXDEXT CRAB. 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 The two trees of this variety growing on the farm were covered with blossom, and a fine crop of fruit set. Unfortunately, the frost of June 6 completely destroyed it, and no fruit was harvested. A number of scions were taken from these trees during the autumn, which will be used as grafts on Pyrus haccata next spring. PYRUS BACCATA. There was a large set of a number of varieties of this crab apple, but the frost pre- viously referred to seriously reduced the quantity, though fortunately, enough speci- mens remained uninjured to allow of a comparison of varieties. The greater portion of these wild forms were very small, but the following were superior enough to warrant propagation : — Pyrus haccata sanguinea. — Colour, rosy red, when ripe ; ripe August 20 ; depth, 1 inch ; flavoiir, fairly sweet, and not very astringent. Pyrus haccata lutea. — Colour, a deep yellow ; ripe August IS ; depth, g inch ; inch ; flavour acid, but palatable. Pyrus haccata prujiifolia. — Colour, deep green, with slight rosy shade on sunny side ; depth, | of an inch ; flavour palatable, but dry. Pyrus haccata yellow. — Colour, light yellow ; ripe August 20 ; depth, | of an inch ; flavour acid, but palatable. The above varieties would make good preserves, and, as their hardiness is unques- tionable, they deserve to be generally grown. It is intended to use those smaller fruit- ing varieties as stocks as fast as superior scions are available. The following additional varieties of Pyrus haccata were received during the past season and planted in a new orchard on the hillside : — Variety. Number Received. Number Alive Fall 1901. Pj'rus prunifolia A A 3548 ,. spectabilis floribunda Schendeckeri . AA1G15 ,1 mains A A „ M pendula A A A A 139-1 .1 latnl'rfolia 11 malus orthocarpa A A 7424 11 prunifolia fructucoccinea M baceata oblouga A A prunifolia A A 139-2 ; Sieboldii A A 1850 baceata A A 2550 ,, II sanguinea A A II latekeeping variety flava ,1 .1 variety A A A A CROSS-BRED APPLES. The cross-bred apples commented upon on pages 368, 3G9 and 370 of last year's report made excellent progress during the past season. Many of the trees are now of a considerable size, and will blossom next year, when interesting results are antici- pated. Out of a total of 117 trees which went into the winter of 1900-01, all came through in spring alive to tips, with the following exceptions : — REPORT OF MR. S. A, BEDFORD 431 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 No. 1, Pyrus haccala x Weallhy. — Killed back slightly No. 2, No i6^.— Killed back one-quarter. No. 3, No. 65.— Killed back one-half. No. 1^, Pi/nis haccafa x Bed Anis. — Killed back slightly. No. 5, Pyrus haccaia x Orange Crah. — Killed back one-half. The following additional cross-brcds were received during the past season, a por- tion of which were used to complete the block already commenced, the balance being placed in a new orchard situated on the hillside, north of Superintendent's house. The appended notes show their progress during the summer. Name. Carleton No. 53... No. 142.. No. 198. No. 192. . No. 179.. Eaton . . . No. 520. . Cavan. . . No. 1G5.. No. 167.. No 184. No. 183.. Belmont . No. 196.. No. 175.. No. (lost) No. 163.. Aurora . . . No. 132. . Eastman. Parker . . Number Received. Number Alive Fall 1901. 2 2 1 Dead. 1 3 3 2 1 2 3 2 1 4 3 4 1 1 1 1 Name. Hunter No. 19 Pyrus baccata x Krim- skoe Pyrus baccata x Ball's Winter Crab Pyrus baccata x Pewaukee Seedlings of Progress. . . . Novelty. . . . Eaton Dean Eastman. . . Belmont. . . Pioneer Olive Cavan. . . . Aurora Charles .... Prairie Gem Pauline ... Hunter Number Received. 2 2 50 48 21 25 31 24 50 5 8 67 32 49 12 6 Numlier Alive Fall 1901. 2 2 50 46 17 20 27 20 50 4 8 59 32 36 12 The above table shows a very successful planting. Out of a total of 483 trees planted, most of them very small, 440 went alive into winter quarters, or not quite 9 per cent of a loss. We have now a large stock of those cross-breds on the farm, and in a few years some most interesting results in apple culture m?.y be expected, as, up to the present, they have proven quite hardy. GRAFTED APPLES. The following varieties of apples were root-grafted on stocks of Pyrus haccala in the spring of 1899, and came through the winter of 1899-1900 in good condition. Excellent growth was made during the past season, and their further progress will be watched with interest : — OstrakoflF, grafted on Pyrus baccata from Stevenson. Wealthy Apple 27 years old, grafted on Pyrus baccata from Stevenson. Hibernal '•' " _ " Anisette '' Eepka Malenka " " " Anisini " '■ '' Standard Apple Crab Apple 432 EXFERIMLyJAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 PLUMS. Altliough the plum crop was not a heavy one on the farm this season, it was in many respects very satisfactory. The trees were covered with blossom in the spring, and an exceptionally heavy crop of fruit set, the greater portion of which, however, was destroyed by the frost on the evening of June 6. Fortunately, not many of the trees were entirely stripped. In many instances, they were closely planted and sheltered each other, and enough fruit escaped the frost to enable us to obtain information in regard to the comparative merits of the various varieties. This partial immunity waa particularly- opportune by reason of the fact that a large block, containing some hun- dreds of seedlings, had come into bearing for the first time this season, thus enabling us to obtain an amount of data which might have otherwise been considerably delayed. This large plantation of seedlings was sent from the Central Experimental Farm, in the spring of 1897, where they had been grown from the seed of fruit ripened at Ottawa. As mentioned in my report for 1897, they consisted of seedlings of Cheney, Hungarian, Yosemite Yellow, Yoronesh, Ida, Rollingston, Weaver, De Soto, Van Buren, AVolf, Yosemite Puri)le, Spcer and Americana. Some of the plums described in the following pages were from a consignment sent from Ottawa in the spring of 1893. These were seedlings of Weaver, De Soto and Cheney, grown from plums M'hich had ripened at the Central Experimental Farm. In the spring of 1897, some of the trees from this earlier consignment of seedlings blos- somcfl for the first time, but owing to a late spring frost, the fruit did not form. My report for 1898 shows that during that season 11 Weaver seedlings, 1 Cheney seedling and 2 De Soto seedlings fruited, but although frost came later than the aver- age season, the fruit was frozen before fully ripe. Twenty of the same lot of seedlings bore fruit in 1899, when the same unfortunate experience occurred. In 1900 they again blossomed well and set fruit freely, but the crop was destroyed by a late spring frost. The success this year has been most encouraging, but while hopeful for the future of the plum crop in Manitoba, especially from early ripening sorts, it must be borne in mind that there has been no frost in August this year, which is un\isual. The plums which have ripened on the Brandon Experimental Farm this year have been much superior, both in size and flavour, to the fruit produced on trees of the type Prunus nigra, which is the wild plum of Manitoba. The varieties mentioned as Frankland's seedlings were procured from Mr. Thos. Frankland, of Stonewall, Manitoba. If these plums continue to fruit well and prove hardy, it is intended to propagate the best of them for further distribution and test. Following will be found comparative notes on the best varieties which ripened. \Veaver Seedling No. 1. — Ripe September 10 ; colour deep red ; depth Ij inches ; nearly round ; thin skin ; flavour very good. Weaver Seedling No. Jf. — Ripe September 16 ; colour greenish yellow, splashed and dotted with red ; depth Ig inches ; slightly elongated ; thin skin ; flavour very fine — one of the best. Weaver Seedling No. 5. — Ripe September 20 ; colour deep yellow, dotted with red ; depth 1 inch ; round ; skin fairly thin ; flavour good. Weaver Seedling No. 6- — Ripe September 16 ; colour deep red ; dvptli Ij inches ; round ; fairly thin skin ; flavour good. Cheney Seedling No. 8. — Ripe September 12 ; colour bright yellow, splashed with red ; depth 1} inches ; slightly elongated and flattened ; thin skin ; flavour fine. Weaver Seedling No. 9. — Ripe September 10 ; colour bright yellow, splashed with rod ; depth 1^ inches ; slightly elongated and flattened ; thin skin ; flavour excellent. Weaver Seedling No. 11. — Ripe September 12 ; colour bright yellow, splashed •with red ; depth IJ inches ; slightly elongated ; thick skin ; flavour good. REPORT OF MR. S. A. BEDFORD 433 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Weaver Seedling No. i^.— Similar to Xo. 11 in colour and shape, but of better flavour, and ripened four days later. Wolf Seedling No. i5.— Eipe September 10 ; colour yellow, heavily splashed with red ; depth 1| inches ; thin skin ; flavour good. Wern-er Seedling No. 1.!,. — Eipe September 24 ; colour greenish yellow, dutted with red ; depth 1| inches ; thin skin ; flavour good ; roundish. Weaver Seedling No. iC— Eipe September 10 ; colour deep yellow, slightly splashed with red ; depth IJ inches ; nearly round ; thin skin ; flavour very good. Weaver Seedling No. 18. — Eipe Se-ptember 15 ; colour deep yellow, nearly covered with red splashes ; slightly elongated ; depth If inches ; thin skin ; flavour very fine — a flrst-class variety. Wearer Seedling No. 50.— Eipe September 16 ; colour deep yellow, splashed with red ; depth 1} inches ; slightly conical ; thin skin ; flavour very good. Weaver Seedling No. gi.— Eipe September 18 ; colour deep yellow, slightly dotted with red ; depth If inches ; slightly elongated ; thin skill ; flavour very fine — a first-class variety. Voronesh Seedling No. 22. — Eipe September 10 ; colour yellow, heavily splashed with red ; roundish ; depth 1^ inches ; skin fairly thin ; flavour very good. Weaver Seedling No. 23. — Colour bright yellow, slightly splashed with red ; ripe Sei^tember l-'> ; elongated ; depth 1;^ inches ; thin skin ; flavour very good. Nalive Seedling. No. 26. — Eipe August 21 ; colour red ; roundish oval ; depth 1 inch ; thin skin ; fine flavour. FranMand's Seedling No. 27. — Eipe August 25 ; colour yellow, suffused with red ; roundish oval ; depth 1 inch ; thin skin ; flavour pleasant. FranMand's Seedling, No. 29. — Eipe August 30 ; colour yellow splashed and dotted with deep red ; depth 1 inch ; elongated ; thick skin ; flavour good. Cheney Seedling No. SO. — Eipe August 30, colour yellow, dotted with red ; depth 1^ inches ; roundish ; thick skin ; flavour good. Voronesh Seedling, No. 81. — Eipe September 12 ; colour yellow, splashed and dotted all over with red ; depth 1 inch ; round ; skin fairly thin ; flavour very good — a fine variety. Yosemite Seedling No. 32. — Eipe September 20 ; colour bright yellow, splashed with bright red ; roiuid ; depth 1 inch ; skin thin ; flavour good. Voronesh Seedling, No. 35. — Eipe September 16 ; colour yellow, dotted with red ; round ; depth 1 inch ; thick skin ; flavour very good. Hungarian Seedling, No. 36. — Eipe September 12 ; colour yellow, heavily splashed with red ; depth 1| inches ; slightly flattened ; thin skin ; flavour very good. Seedling No. 37. — Eipe September 9 ; colour deep yellow, heavily splashed v.ith r^-d ; nearly round ; depth Ij inches ; thin skin ; flavour very good. Seedling No. 39. — Eipe September 10 ; colour deep yellow, heavily splashed with red ; depth 1| inches ; roundish and slightly elongated ; thin skin ; flavour good. Seedling No. 1,3. — Eipe September 20 ; colour deep yellow, slightly dotted with red ; depth 1 inch ; round ; thin skin ; flavour good. Seedling No. 47. — Eipe September 16 ; colour deep yellow, heavily siflashcd with red ; depth 1 inch ; round ; thick skin ; flavour good. Seedling No. Jf8. — Eipe September 15 ; colour deep yellow, heavily sphish-d with red ; depth 1^ inches ; elongated and flattened ; thin skin ; flavour good. Seedling No. 1,0. — Eipe September 15 ; colour deep yellow, splaf:h?d with rod ; depth 1 inch ; nearly round ; thick skin ; good flavour. 10—28 ' 434 EXPEPdMESTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD Vll., A. 1902 Seedling Xo. 52. — Eipe September 16 ; colour deep yellow, clotted with red ; depth 1§ inches ; fairly thin skin ; flavour good. Seedling No. 55. — Ripe September 16 ; colour deep yellow, slightly dotted with red ; thin skin ; flavour good ; nearly round. Seedling No. 56. — Eips September 16 ; depth 1^ inches ; colour bright yellow, slightly dotted with red ; slightly flattened ; thick skin, flavour good. Seedling No. 57. — Ripe September 16 ; depth 1 inch ; colour deep i-ed ; conical ; thick skin ; flavour good. Seedling No. .58. — Ripe September 17 ; colour bright yellow, slightly dotted with red ; depth 1 inch ; roundish ; thick skin ; flavour good. Seedling No. 59. — Ripe September 15 ; colour bright yellow, heavily dotted with red ; depth 1| inches ; conical ; thin skin ; flavour good. Seedling No. 60. — Ripe September 17 ; colour yellow, heavily splashed with red ; depth IJ inches ; thin skin ; flavour good. Seedling No. 61. — Ripe September 15 ; colour yellow, heavily splashed with red; roundish; thin skin; flavour good. Seedling No. 63. — Ripe September 16; colour deep yellow, nearly covered with red; depth 1| inches; conical; fairly thin skin; flavour very good. Seedling No. 65. — Ripe September 15; colour deep red; depth 1} inches; conical; thick skin; flavour good. Seedling No. 66. — Ripe September 18; colour deep yellow, heavily dotted with red; depth 1 inch; conical; thin skin; flavour good. Seedling No. 67. — Ripe Septemper 17; colour deep yellow, heavily dotted with red ; conical ; depth 1 inch ; think skin ; flavour good. Seedling No. 71. — Ripe September 20; colour greenish yellow, dotted with red; depth 1^ inches; roundish; thin skin; fla'vour good — a fine variety. Seedling No. 7Jf. — Ripe September 28; colour deep red; depth 1 inch; round; thin skin; flavour good. Seedling No. 75. — Ripe September 20; colour deep yellow, dotted with red; depth 1 inch; roundish; thin skin; flavour very good. Seedling No. 76. — Ripe September 17 ; colour deep yellow, dotted with red ; depth Ij inch; roundish; thin skin; flavour very good. Seedling No. 77. — Ripe September 20; colour bright yellow, dotted with red; depth Ij inches; slightly conical; thin skin; flavour good. Seedling No. 80. — Ripe September 20 ; colour deep yellow, heavily splashed with red; depth 1^ inches; flattened and elongated; thin skin; flavour good. Seedling No. 81. — Ripe September 23; colour deep yellow, heavily splashed and spotted with red; depth 1^ inches; conical; flattened; thin skin; flavour good. Seedling No. 82. — Ripe September 23; colour yellow nearly covered with red ; depth Ij^g inch; thin skin; flavour good; conical. Seedling No. 83. — Ripe September 18; colour yellow, heavily splashed and dotted with red; depth 1.^ inches; elongated; thin skin; flavour very good. Seedling No. 8^. — Ripe September S; colour l)right red; depth, l} inches; elong- ated; flavour good; thin skin. Seedling No. 86. — Ripe September 10; colour yellow, heavily splashed with red; depth 1} inches; elongated; thin skin; flavour very good. Seven fair-sized trees of Aiken plum were received during the season from Mr. H. L. Patmore's nurseries, Brandon, and planted on the hillside. T^iese are the only representatives growing on tlie farm of this variety, which has proven very satisfactory locally, and also at the Experimental Farm at Indian Head. REPORT OF ilR. S. A. BEDFORD 4M SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 SAxn cTiEnniES. There was a very fair crop of Sand Cherries harvested during the past season, which would liave heen exceptionally heavy had not the frost of June Cth seriously injured them. Brandon, No. 6.— Ripe August 4 ; medium size ; dark red in colour, slightly as- tringent ; very prolifie ; thin skin ; firm flesh ; fairly sweet. Seven trees of ' Rupert ' Cherry and one tree of ' Compass ' Cherry, crosses be- tween the Sand cherry and plum, were received from the Central Experimental Farm during the past season. All made excellent growth, which ripened well and went into winter quarters in good condition. RASPBERRIES. Owing to the unfavourable season of 1900, very little growth was made in rasp- berries, consequently the crop of 1901 was extremely light. The past year's growth, however, has been very vigorous and gives promise of a satisfactory crop next season. On the approach of winter, the canes were laid down and the tips covered with soil, in order to afford as much protection as possible. CHERRIES. A small quantity of seed of three varieties of cherries were received from Russia in the fall of 1900. These were stratified for the winter and sown on April 2."), 1901. The germina- tion Avas good and a number of plants of each variety made excellent growth, and have gone into winter quarters in fine condition. CURRANTS. The currant crop of 1901 was only a very medium one. Although there was a good display of bloom, the setting was considerably interfered with by spring frosts, and only a comparatively small crop of fruit was harvested. Exceptionally fine growth, however, was made during the season, and hopes are entertained of better results in 1902. Following will be found a few notes on the different varieties under cultivation here, which have fruited during the past season. RED VARIETIES. Bed Grape. — A robust grower ; flavour fairly sweet ; size medium to large ; length of spike. If inches ; ripens evenly. Eahy Castle. — A robust grower ; fairly sweet ; size medium to large ; length of s])Ike, 11 inches ; ripens evenly. Pomona. — A fairly vigorous grower ; size medium to large ; length of spike, 2 inches ; flavour sweet ; an even ripener. Wilder. — Produced only a very few berries ; trees small. North Star. — A robust grower ; size small to medium ; flavour fairly sweet ; length of spike, 2 inches ; even ripener. Bed Cherry. — Of weak gro\vih ; a large berry ; sub-acid ; length of spike, l^- inches ; not productive. Versailles. — A fairly vigorous grower ; size snial) to medium ; lengtli of spike, ]^ inches ; not fruitful ; very sweet. IG— 28^ ^36 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Fay's Prolific. — rroJueed very little fruit ; plant weak ; flavour insipid ; berries very large. Prince AlherL—A vigorous grower ; fruit small ; sweet ; length of spike, li inches; not fruitful. Victoria. — A vigorous grower ; fruit medium ; slightly acid ; length of spike, 1^ inches ; ripens eveulj- ; fairly productive. Fertile D' Angers. — This variety has spikes of medium length ; size large ; sweet ; a fairlj' vigorous growei*. WHITE \ AlUETIES. White Grape.— Flavour good ; sweet ; length of spike, 1;] inches ; berry small to medium ; a vigorous grower, but gave a poor crop. White Dutch. — Vigorous grower ; fruit small to medium ; flavour very pleasant ; spike of medium length, somewhat thinly set. BLACK ^ AHIETIES. Black Champion.— Killed to near ground, winter 1900-1001. Made fair growth 1001. Lees Prolific— A robus^t grower ; thinly set ; flavour poor, sub-acid ; skin tough. Victoria.— Plants weak and produced practically nothing. Black Naples. — Plants in weak condition, and produced very little fruit. Standard. — A vigorous grower ; skin thin; flesh sweet and juicy ; berries large. Monarch. — A vigorous grower ; berries of medium size ; skin thin ; spikes very thinly set ; flesh sweet and juicy. Eclipse. — Skin rather tough, sub-acid ; medium sized berries thinly set ; a fairly vigorous grower. Charmer. — Berry of medium size ; skin tough ; flavour fair, somewhat acid ; a vigorous grower ; thinly set. Stewart.— Size medium to large ; skin tough ; of fair flavour, acid ; a vigorous grower ; thinly set. P(,,.;.^._Bcrry small to medium ; skin tough ; of fair flavour, somewhat acid ; a vigorous grower ; thinly set. Kerry. — Skin rather tough ; of fair flavour, acid ; a vigorous grower ; not very productive ; spikes thinly set. Winona. — Berry of medium size ; skin thin ; flesh juicy and sweet ; a vigorous grower ; thinly set. Clipper. — Berry small to medium ; skin fairly tender ; flesh slightly acid ; a vigorous grower ; fruit thinly set. ^(,(j(,/y,_Berry medium to large ; thin skin ; flesh sweet and juicy ; fairly well set ; a vigorous grower. Ontario. — Berry small to medium ; skin moderately thin ; flesh fairly sweet and juicy ; fairly well set ; a vigorous grower, EagJe. — Berry medium to large ; skin thin ; flesh sweet and juicy ; a very vigorous grower ; thinly set. RULBAHB. There are now nineteen varieties of this useful vegetable growing at the Experi- mental Farm, most of them showing distinct characteristics in colour, habit of growth, yield, &c. REPORT OF MR S. A. BEDFORD 43'^ SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Owing to the comparatively trifling iiroJuetion of fruit in Manitoba and the liigh prices charged for the imported product, rhubarb occupies a prominent position in the Manitoba housekeeper's supply of preserves. Fortunately, rhubarb seems to be specially adapted to the Manitoba climate, and with even a moderate amount of culti- vation will respond freely. It is always desirable, if possible, to plant in considerable quantity, so that some of the roots may be available for spring forcing. These should be lifted just before freezing up, placed in barrels in the cellar and covered with sand. Water should then be given from time to time as required, and in a abort time tender and juicy shoots will be produce<.l, which, coming in mid-winter, are a very desirable addition to the table. The forced roots should be planted outside the following spring, and allowed one year to recuperate before pulling. The following descriptive notes were taken during the growing season, and to secure the weights an average plant of each variety was stripped on June 27. Earh/ Scarlet. — A fairly vigorous grower ; colour bright cherry red throughout ; deeply ribbed on under side of stalk ; very tender and juicy ; average length of stalk, 18 inches ; weight from one plant, 13 pounds. Earli/ Prince. — A fairly vigorous grower ; colour green, heavily mottled with light red ; slightly ribbed on under side ; very tender and juicy ; average length of stalk, 22 inches ; weight from. one plant, 24 pounds. Sangster's Prince of Wales. — A very vigorous grower ; colour brilliant red throughout, no green ; stalk slightly indented on upper side and ribbed on under side ; very tender and juicy ; average length of stalk is 22 inches ; weight from one plant, 20 pounds. A very fine variety. Toholsl-. — A vigorous grower ; colour a mottled red ; slightly ril)bcd on under side ; deeper colour than Ko. 2 ; very tender ; upper side nearly flat ; average length of stalk, 22 inches ; weight from one plant, 25 pounds. Paragon. — A fairly vigorous grower, of a mottled deep red colour ; ribs on under side well defined, and deep indentation on upper side ; only fairly tender ; average length of stalk, 16 inches ; weight from one plant, lOi pounds. Prince Albert. — A vigorous grower ; heavily mottled with deep red ; slightly ribbed on uinier side ; nearly flat on upper side ; very tender and juicy ; average length of stalk, 24 inches ; weight from one plant, 31^ pounds. Magnum Bonum. — A vigorous grower ; of a light red mottled colour ; slightly ribbed on under side ; nearly flat on upper ; similar in appearance to No. 6, though •not so deep in colour ; very tender and juicy ; average length of stalk, 20 inches ; weight from one plant, 27 poiinds. Brahant's Colossal. — A very vigorous grower ; of a light red mottled colour ; nearly smooth on under side ; upper side nearly flat ; tender and juicy ; average length of stalk, 20 inches ; weight from one plant, 30 pounds. Early Crimson. — An extremely vigorous grower ; lo^^er half stalk mottled with light red, upper half greenish ; heavily ribbed on under side, upper side indented ; tender ; average length of stalk, 26 inches ; average weight from one plant, 30i pounds. Scarlet Nonpareil. — A very vigorous grower ; colour mottled with red ; moder- ately ribbed on under side ; well marked indentations on the upper side ; tender and juicy ; average length of stalk, 20 inches ; average weight from one i>lant, 26 pounds. General Taylor. — A moderate and very even grower, with very little variation in size of stalk : colour green throughout, sparsely mottled with very deep red ; tender and juicy ; heavily ribbed on under side, indented on upper ; average length of stalk, 14 inches ; average weight of one x^lant, lOi pounds. Marsliall's Boyal Linn(vus. — A vigorous grower ; colour mottled with light red ; slightly ribbed on under side, nearly flat on upper side ; very tender ; average length of stalk, 10 inches ; average weight of one plant, 26 pounds. 438 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Giant. — A vigorous grower ; colour licavily mottled with light red ; luider side ribbed ; upper side nearly flat ; very tender and juicy ; average length of stalk, 18 inches ; average weight from one plant, 19 pounds. Excelsior. — Planted fall of 1000 ; not yet advanced enough to report on. Boyal Albert. — A somewhat weak grower ; stalks numerous but thin ; colour at base very bright red, shading to green, mottled with red. Only very slightly ribbed on upper side, tender. Average length of stalk, 11 inches. Average weight fr«)m one plant, 22 J pounds. Queen. — Planted fall 1900, and not sufficiently advanced to report on. Strawherry. — A very vigorous grower ; colour mottled with light red ; slightly ribbed on under side, nearly flat on upp3r side. Average length of stalk, 20 inches. Average weight from one plant, 3lA pounds. Tottle's Improved. — An extremely vigorous grower ; individual stalks very large ; deeply indented on upper side and distinctly ribbed on lower ; somewhat stringy ; colour greenish ; slightly mottled with light red. Average length of stalk, 20 inches ; average weight from one plant, 31 i pounds. Victoria. — A vigorous grower ; coloiir lower half deep red, shading to a mottled red towards leaf. Indented on upper side and distinctly ribbed on lower ; tender and juicy. Average length of stalk, 11 inches ; average weight from one plant IT pounds. ARBORETU:\I. Xo additions were made to the Arboretum during the past season. A portion of the hillside to the north consisting of a poor gravelly ridge was planted with green ash, which made fair growth, nearly all the trees planted surviving. As the larger part of the Arboretum is now covered with grass, it is rendered more attractive, and the large collection of varieties included is much appreciated by visitors. The gi'owth in some portions has been so luxuriant that a considerable number of trees have had to be removed to make room for the more meritorious varieties which were being crowded. A gratifying feature in connection with this is that many varieties which were classed as tender a few years ago, are now proving much hardier on account of the shelter they enjoy. ADDITIOXS TO ARBORETUil IX 1900. The following notes on trees added to the Arboretum during 1900 show their con- dition after one winter's trial. Scotch Yellow Rose. — Wintered well ; strong growth, 1901. Populus nigra. — Wintered well ; strong growth, 1901. Juniperus sahina erecla. — Wintered well ; strong growth, 1901. Picca excelsa. — Wintered well ; strong growth, 1901. Lonicera iatarica rjrandiflora. — ^yii;tcred well, strong growth, 1901. Amlier Currant. — Wintoj'ed well ; strong growth, 1901. PiUi'-a acicularis. — Wintered well ; strong growth, 1901. Carpinus caroliniana. — Wintered well ; strong growth, 1901. Fraxinus nigra. — Killed back one-half ; weak growth, 1901. Japanese Oal: — Killed back one-half ; weak growtli, 1901. Rosa alpina. — Wintered well ; strong growth, 1901. Rhus aromalica. — Killed back three-quarters ; strong growth, 1901. Thuya occidentalis Elwangeriana. — Wintered well ; strong growth, 1901. REPORT OF MR. S. A. BEDFORD 439 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 liihcs aureum icnuifolitim. — AVintcrcd well ; strong growth, 1901. Ehamnus davurica. — Killed back one-quarter ; strong growth, 1901. Bosa cinnamonea sib'irica. — Wintered well ; strong growth, 1901. Thuiia cccidentalis variegala. — Wintered well ; fair growth, 1901. Bhamnus catharticus. — Killed back one-half ; strong growth, 1901. Spiraea sorhifoUa. — Killed back one-quarter ; strong growth, 1901. Bihcs alpinum sterile. — Wintered well ; strong growth, 1901. Betula alba fasligiala. — Wintered well ; fair growth, 1901. Gymnocladus ca)iadensis. — Wintered well ; strong growth, 1901. Pliolinia variahilis. — Dead ; winter killed. Coloneaster acuiifolia. — Wintered well ; strong growth, 1901. Berheris vulgaris foliis purpureis. — Killed back one-half ; fair growth, 1901. Acer Saccliarinum, No. 1, from Minnesota Seed. — Killed back one quarter ; fair growth, 1901. Acer saccliarinum, No. 2, from Minnesota Seed. — Killed back one-quarter ; fair growth, 1901. Cytisus nigricans. — Killed back one half ; strong growth and flowered, 1901. Celastrus articulatus. — Killed back three-quarters ; weak growth, 1901. Blius glabra. — Dead ; winter killed. Salix Candida femina. — Wintered well ; strong growth, 1901. FLOWERIXG SHRUBS. There are now a very large number of flowering shrubs growing on the Exiierl- mental Farm, many of which are very beautiful, and they elicit much admiration from visitors who are fortunate enough to visit the farm during their flowering period. The follovring were specially noted during the past season : — Syringa vulgaris {Common Lilac). — Commenced to flower on May 19. These were exceptionally fine during the past season, as many as two hundred spikes being counted on some bushes. This is one of our most des-irable shrubs^ and is quite hardy. Crataegus coccinea. — This beautiful hav/thorn, though a native shrub, is well worthy of extensive cultivation. It commenced to flower on May 17, and continued luilil the end of the month, during which time it was a dazzling mass of white. Viburnum lantana (Wayfaring tree). — Commenced to flower on May 21. Its pretty white trusses, borne in profusion, make it desirable in a collection of flowering shrubs. Thoroughly hardy. Lonicera tatarica (Tartarian Iloneysuclde). — This beautiful honeysuckle is one of our most desirable flowering shrubs. It commenced to bloom on May 22, and con- tinued in flower for nearly a month, being literally covered with blossoms during that period. It is quite hai'dy, and succeeds in almost any location. Caragana Bedouslci (Siberian Pea). — -This variety of caragana is much more flor/- ferons than Caragana arborescens, and of a dwarf habit. It is a mass of yellow when in full bloom, and is quite a resort for bees. Commenced to flower on May 18. Thor- oughly ha.Tdy. Brunus pumila (Sand Cherry). — A very early blooming and strong growing shrub; commencing to bloom early in May, it furnishes a mass of white flowers which arc very acceptable at that season. It is quite hardy. Caragana frutesccns pendula. — This is one of the most beautiful of the caraganas; its charming pendulous habit, coupled with its free blooming propensities, makes it a most desirable acquisition to a collection of ornamental shrubs. It commenced to flower May 18. Quite hardy. 440 EXrEIilMEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Spiraea hypericifolia. — A dv,arf flowering slirub of compact habit, producing large masses of pure white flowers, early in the season. Hardy. Syringa vulgaris, Charles X. — This is the best variety of Lilac as yet grown at the Farm ; the spikes are very large and full, of a much deeper colour than Syrinya vulgaris, and it is very free flowering. Pyrus Americana {Mountain Ash). — The western furm of this species is quite hardy here, and its large trusses of white flowers in late spring, followed by its bril- liant red berries in autumn, combine to make it one of our most beautiful floAvering shrubs. Viburnum opulus sterilis {SnowhaU). — This is the sterile form of the High Bush Cranberry (Viburnum opulus). Its large ball-like trusses of beautiful white flowers, which are borne very abundantly, make it a most desirable ornamental shrub ; quite hardy. Cylisus purpureas. — This began to flower Ma^' 22. A dwarf and very floriferous species. The pea-shap?d flowers are of a bright purple colour and are borne in pro- fusion. Genista tinctoria (Greenu-eecl). — A A-ery free flowering dwarf ornamental shrub. Its yellow pea-shaped flowers literally cover the plant and present a dazzling mass of colour ; hardy. Pyrus malus. — Though not thoroughly hardy, this shrub will produce flowers here and is well worthy of a trial. The blossoms are of a fair size and of a bright brick red colour, making a very attractive specimen. HEDGES. The large hedges consisting of Xative Spruce (Picea alba), Xative Maple (Acer uegundo), Siberian Pea Tree (Caragana arhorescens), Xative Ash (Fraxinus pennsyl- vanica lanceolata), made excellent growth during the season. Xo additions were made to our sample hedges, a number of whicii suffered considerably from the effects of the snowstorm, previously referred to, as did also the large Caragana hedge, planted in 1893. By careful pruning, however, nearly all traces of the damage have been obliter- ated and no permanent injury is anticipated. Following will be found some notes on these hedges, taken during the season : — Pyrus baccata aurantiaca {Berried Crab of Siberia). — A promising hedge, but somewhat thin. Lonicera tatarica elegans {Bush HoneysucMe). — A very promising medium sized hedge. Caragana mollis glabra. — Promising but not so compact as Caragana arborescens. Artemisia abrotanum {English Soathernv:ood). — A very symmetrical dwarf hedge. Shepherdia argcntea {Buffalo Berry). — An ornamental dwarf hedge. Posa rugosa. — A low growing hedge, ornamental when in flower but suckers badly. Celtis occidentalis {Ilackbcrry). — Does not promise to be a desirable hedge ; not thoroughly hardy and rather sensitive to spring frosts. Ligustrum amurense {Amur Privet). — Xot thoroughly hardy, but a very symmetri- cal dwarf hedge. Spiraea Douglasii {Douglas's Spirca). — Rather unpromising as a hedge, not tlioroughly hardy. Syringa Josikea {Hungarian Lilac). — Very symmetrical and ornamental. Crataegus Coccinea {Xative Hawthorn). — A very slow growing and somewhat thin hedge. Lonicera albertii (Albert's Honeysuclde). — An ornamental hedge, but needs trellis- ing to keep it in shape. KEPOKT OF MR. 8. A. BEDFORD 441 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Fraxinus pennysJvanica laiiccoJofa (Natii'e Green Ash). — Not a promising hedge ; thin and rather susceptible to spring frosts. Pniniis Americana {Xafive Plum). — Promising ; a fairly compact hedge. Acer glnnaJa {Asiatic Maple). — -A moat ornamental dwarf hedge ; very compact. Bhamnus frauguJa {Breaking Buclitliorn). — Makes a compact hedge. Caragana grandiflora {Large Flowering Pea Tree). — A good medium hedge ; badly bent down by snowstorm. Salix Britzensis {Willoic). — A promising looking hedge. Thuya occidentalis {^Yestcrn Arhor-riUe). — Makes a small and slow growing hedge. Artemisia Ahrolanum ioholskianum {Busian Southernicood). — Not a desirable hedge. Popuhts deltoidea {Cottonwood). — This free growing hedge has died from a severe attack of the yellow poplar rust which causes the leaves to wither and drop. Larix pendula {American Larch). — Gives promise of making a good deciduous hedge. SaVix Laurifolia {Laurel-leaved Willow). — One-half killed out. Salix Yoronesh {Voronesh Willow). — Not healthy, killed back somewhat. Bosa ruhrtfoUa (Bed-leaved Base).- — Killed back one-half ; not a desirable shrub here for hedge purposes. Coioneaster vulgaris {Common CGloneaster). — Apparently of rather too spreading a habit to make a satisfactory hedge. Lonicerea Tatarica elegans {Elegant Tartarian Ilotteijsucl-le). — Symmetrical and ornamental. Salix laurifolia {true) True Laurel-leaved Willow). — Not healthj'-. Bibes aureum {Yellow Flowering Currant). — A very pretty hedge. Neillia opulifolia aurea {Golden-leaved Nineharl-). — A very ornamental dwarf hedge. Neillia opulifolia {Xincharh). — Very handsome and compact. Populus tremuloides {Tremulous Poplar or Aspen). — A somewhat thin hedge. Prunus pennsylvanlca {Native Pin Cherry). — A symmetrical and compact bodge. Corylus americana {Native Hazel Nut). — Not a promising hedge. Amelanchier alnifolia {Native Saskatoon). — Ornamental but thin. Bosa Sayi {Native Wild Bose). — An ornamental hedge, but its propensity to Bucker makes its value questionable. Spiraea '.ulicifolia {Native Meadow Sweet). — A fine dwarf ornamental hedge, Symphoricarpus occidentalis {Native Snow-Berry). — A A-ery symmetrical hedge, but was badly bent down by snowstorm. Eloeagnus argentea {Wolf Willow). — Ornamental but somewhat thin. Cornus stolonifera {Native Dogwood). — A compact and symmetrical hedge. Syringa vulgaris {Com)non Lilac). — A good ornamental hedge. On account of the storm previously referred to, a vigorous pruning was neces- sitated on the Maple Avenue {Acer ncgundo) during the sunnner, and at the close of the season very few traces of damage were discernible. The avenue composed of Native spruce {Picea alba) alternated with Native Maple, is a very attractive feature on the Farm. Many of the Spruce trees are now twenty feet high, and a considerable amount of seed was gathered from them during the autumn. 442 EXPERIMENTAL FARM.^ 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 SHRUBS AND TREES RECEIVED DURIXG 1901. A considerable number of trees representing one hundred and fourteen varieties were received from the Central Experimental Farm during the past year, and were planted in one of the Hedge Plots. Some of these, including some received from France, succumbed shortly after being planted, being in an advanced condition on arrival. All the varieties were, however, represented in the fall, and as many inter- esting species are included, it is hoped that they will winter successfully. Perhaps one of the most interesting portions of the consignment was a collection of twenty distinct varieties of Lilac, which will be a most welcome addition to our stock of this very popular flowering shrub. , THE VEGETABLE GAEDEX. The past season was in most respects a decidedly favourable one for vegetables. The soil was in good condition for germination in the spring, and with the exception of a few weeks of dry weather immediately succeeding this, the season was all that could be desired. Xearly all varieties tested were up to and even above the average, and notwithstanding a sharp frost on the evening of June 6, very little materia] damage was noticeable. The results were very satisfactory. oxioxs. The onion crop was one of the most satisfactory recorded at the farm for some years. Xine varieties were sown on April 10, with Planet Junior hand drill, in rows eighteen inches apart. The seed germinated readily, the growth was vigorous all through the season, and all varieties ripened well. The yield was above the average. There was a very small percentage of ' thick necks,' and no ti-aces of disease were manifest. The 'sets' were quite satisfactory with the exception of 'English Multi- pliers,' which were not as vigorous as usual. In the following table they are arranged in the order of their productiveness : — Variety. Date Sown. Date Ripe. Yellow Globe Danvers Trebon"s Yellow White Spanish Straw Col oured Blof)d Red White Dutch Hard Round Red Wethersfield . . , Market Favorite Keeping. Paris Silver Skin James' Keeping Shallots English Multipliers Yellow Dutch Sets April 10 Sept. ;: ISi :; ,. loi .. „ 10| „ ,. 10 .. ,. lOi .. ,. 10, .. Colour. Shape, .3 Light yellow. . ! Globular, 12lDark yellow. 6' Dark red 6! White 6|Dark red 61 Dark j-eliow. 3 White 3 Dark vellow. Flattish .Flat . i Globular. 1 423 m 423 30 405 21 3G3 . . 326 42 ONION SETS. April 10 Julv 25 Brown Clusters . . ' 0 1. 10 „■ 20 Dark vellow.. -. . . ! 0 1. 10 .. IJOLight yellow.. Globular. . 0 1 2i 8 170 40 19.5 'S"> 586 34 LETTUCE. Xincteen varieties of lettuce were sown on April 10, with Planet Junior hand drill, in rows sixteen inches apart. On account of the moist condition of the soil, the germination was prompt, and all the varieties were well represented. For some time nEPORT OF MR. f!. A. TiEDFORD SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 443 after g-ermination tliero was a period of dry, hot weather, wliieh materially affected their progress, and which may account for the fact that a considerable percentage went to seed before forming heads. All varieties ripened seed, which was collected for future use. The results of the test are given below in the order of their productiveness :— Name of Viiricty. White Paris Cos... Trianon Neapolitan Blond Stonehead . . Early Ohio Marvel or Red Bes- .son Trocadero Red-edg- ed All Year Round, bladv seeded White Marvel of Cazard Brown Stone Head. Date Sown. Ai)ril 10 „ 10 ., 10 ., 10 H 10 >, 10 Date Headed out. Variety. July 8, Cos 81 „ S! Curled cabbage 1 1 All Year Round, white seeded n 10 Wheeler's Tom Thumb 10 Smooth cab'ge Curled cabbage Smooth cab'ge Curled cabbage Colour. Liglit green. . Dark green.. . L'ght yellow. Red edged, dk. yellow Light green, red edged. . . Dark yellow . . Liglit yellow. . Light yellow, red edged. . . Light yellow. . Dark green . . , I Com- Flavour and Texture, menced to Seed. Fineflavoi-, firm heartj.July Bitter soft heart . . Fair flavor, firm heart Sweet, fairly firm head Bitter, fairly firm' head Soft head, slightly| bitter Sweet flavour, firm! heart ; 20 18 14 10 20 13 12 12 15 10 10 The following varieties included in this list went to seed before heading out : — White Tennis Ball, Hardy Ked Winter, Eed Edged Victoria, Algiers, Hammersmith, Green Paris Cos, Forcing Milly. CABBACE. Nine varieties of cabbage were sown in cold frame on April 2(5, and thinned to three inches apart as soon as they could be handled. They were planted outside on June 6, and as the weather at that period was particularly favourable, nearly all the plants survived. In the following table they are arranged in the order of their earliness : — Variety. Paris Market Very Early Extra ICarly Express Flat Parisian Winningstadt St. John's Day — Early Drumhead Savoy (ireen Globe Red Polish Short Stem Red Large Drumhead Brussels Sprouts Date Sown. April 25.. ,t 25.. „ 25.. >, 25.. „ 25.. .. 25.. M 25.. „ 25. . „ 25. . Date Set Out. Q 'K Shape. June f... «.. 6.. 6.. 6.. G.. 6.. 0.. G.. 98 97 100 97 94 98 87 91 Texture. Conical . . Lbs, t! i;i Flat Pointed . . Flat. . . Roundis-h , Flat'.'. . . . ; . Did not njature siwouts. jFirm. {Somewhat locse. Very firm. [Firm. Somewhat loose. Firm. iU EXPE RIMES TA L EA KM S 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 CAULIFLOWER. Seven varieties of cauliflower were sown on April 25 in cold frames, and all ger- minated well. Transplanting commenced on June 6, and the weather being specially favourable, nearly all the plants siirvived^ as in the case of the cabbage. A noticeable peculiarity of this vegetable during the past season was its late maturing, this being tlie case generally throughout the province, the late varieties not heading out before frost, and even the earlier ones being much later than usual. Following will be found the results arranged in tabular form in order of earliness : — Varifctv. Date Sown. Set Out. ^ » Early Snowball April 25 . . 1 June 6 . Kxtra Early Paris | « 25.. « 6. Extra Early Selected Dwarf Erf ui-t - 25.. .i 6. E.I rly Paris Nonpareil i " 25.. « 6. Larg-p Algiers : « 25. . n 6. Cham bourcj' Mammoth , n 25.. « 6. Colour. Texture. 84 I 85 I 75 78 'None. White . . . Firm and close . . Yellow. . .Somewhat open. White Close Lbs. 6 6 PEASE. Only three varieties of garden pease were tested during the past season. The.se were sown outside on May 7, in double rows (three feet apart between the double rows). The germination was very poor, and only a small quantity of plants resulted. Oa examination being made of the small quantity of seed left over from sowing, the fact became apparent that a large proportion of the peas were affected by Pea Weevil. As this is becoming somewhat common of late years, it would seem to point out the advisability of using Manitoba home-grown seed, Avhich is usually a bright, clean sample. Variety. Date Sown. American Wonder jMay 7. Notts Excel.'^ior I « 7. Heroine I " 7 . Date Ready. July 6 . . 7.. , 20.. 6CO Number of Pease. Ins. 4^ 5- r. 5— 0 9-10 In.s. 10 9 28 Flavour. Very sweet . Very fine. RADISH. Eleven varieties of radish were sown on May 7, M-ith Planet Junior hand drill, in rows twelve inches apart. The germination of varieties was good, and as we were favored with moist weather during the period of root formation, the flavour and tex- ture was far above the average. All were good, with the exception of Very Early Yellow Turnip and Early ^Yhite Turnip, which were both somewhat deficient in flavour. REPORT OF MR. S. A. BEDFORD SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 445 Variety. Date Sown. Forcing Tin-nip, Extra Early Dwarf 'May Forcing Turnip, Scarlet ; ti Early Scarlet ' „ Early Dwarf Scarlet Olive shaped m Forcing Scarlet White Tip Tin-nip Olive-nhaped Scarlet. n White Shtirt Leaf Forcing, Olive-shaped Scarlet Wliiti' Tipjied Turmp Early Wliite Small Turnip French Breakfast. . Very Earlj- Yellow Tnrnii) Colour. Flavour. Red [Turnip M Round M Olive Red, white t'pd Turnip Red Olive White ! , Red Round White 1 Red ' Half long. . . L. yellow ; Turnip Very good. Fair. Very good. Excellent. Very good. Fair. Very good. Fair. " Poor. CUCUMBERS. Cucumbers were again an excellent crop. Although the frost on the evening of June G completely destroyed the iirst sowing, the second sowing on June 7 made such rapid progress that they were very little behind average years in point of maturity. Four varieties were sown in the open, in hills 5 feet apart each way, and the germina- tion was good in all instances. The results are given in order of earliness : — Variety. Date Sown. Date Read J'. Length . Dia- meter. Pro- ductiveness. A verage Weight. Colour. Shape. Early Cluster I'aris Pickling White Wonder Evergreen White Spine .Tune 7 1' 7 :; I Aug. 12 M 12 M 12 .. 12 In. 7 y 7 8 In. 2| 2^ 3 Very productive Oz. 10 7 10 8 White.. Green . . White.. Green . . Straight. Twisted. Straight. PUMPKIXS. Two varieties of pumpkins were sown in the open on 'May 21, in hills 10 feet apart. This sowing was destroyed on June 6 by frost, and resown on June 7. A good crop was harvested from the late sowing. Variety. Date Sown. Connecticut Field . Japanese Pie. . . . . Date Ready. Colour of Skin. June 7 Aug. 20;Yellow . Yellow Colour of Flesh. Average Weight. Lbs. 20 13 Pro- ductiveness. Flavour. Very productive Fair. Fairly „ Excellent. SQUASH. Three varieties of squash were sown the past season on l\Iay 21, in the open, in hills ten feet apart. The first sowing was destroyed by frost on the evening of June 6, and was resown on June 7. The late sowing produced a very satisfactory crop, in all respects, and two varieties ripened. A4& EXPERIMEXTAL FAHil^ 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Variety. Date Sown. Date Ready. Colour of Flesh. Colour of Skin. Average Weight. Ripened. Long White Bush Marrow. . English Vegetable Marrow. . Hubbard . . .... June 7 . . .. 7... M 7. . . Aug. 14.. M 14.. 14.. White.... Yellow White.... D. green . . Lb.=;. : 10 Seed ripened. 8 i 12 jGreen. 1 The White Bush Marrow seems to be the most desirable variety for Manitoba. CARROTS. Four varieties of carrots were sown on May 7, with Planet Junior hand drill, in rows eighteen inches apart. The crop was by far the most satisfactory of any recorded here for years, tlie roots being remarkably smooth and of good size. The long varieties again proved their inferiority, the yield being small, and necessitating much labour in pulling. Variety. Shape. Colour. Flavour and Texture. Date Lifted. Average Weight. Yield per acre. Luc Half Long. Scarlet |Half long Parisian Forcing, Red S. stump rooted. French Horn " Long Blood Red . . . Very long Red l"red.!'.!; Very good Fair.'....! Good Sept. 28 ,. 28 „ 28 M 28 Lbs. H 9 8 Bush. Lbs. 071 51 484 .. 443 40 2G.5 BEETS. Five varieties of beets were sown with Planet Junior hand drill, in rows thirty inches apart, on May IT. The germination was good in all cases, the product being well up to the average in quality. The long varieties were (as usual) superior in colour and texture. Variety. Date Sown. Long Smooth Deep^MaylT Blood Red Early Blood Red Tur nip. Black Queen Egyptian Deil's Black Leaf . . . . Date Ripe. Colour. Averaffe ^^^^'°"^ Weigh! TeTture. Sept. 28 Deep red narrow rings. i . . ! .. 28 Wider rings, coas.djr-j ! able white M 28 Deep red wide rings. . . I 28 Wide rings, very white! 28 Deep red narrow rings. ; Lbs. Very fine. Fair Very fine . Coarse . . . . Very fine. Shape. Yield per Acre. I Bush. Lbs. Very long.' 773 2?, Turnip. ... I 655 36 Long 382 48 Flat 268 24 Very long. I 110 . . SWEICT IIKRBS. Three varieties of sweet herbs were sown on May 7, with Planet Junior hand drill, in rows eighteen inches apart, sage, savory and thyme, the latter failed, how- ever, to germinate, a common occurrence with this herb. The others grew with their usual luxuriance. REPORT OF MR. .S'. A. BEDFORD 447 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 SALSIFY. Tlu3 vegetable was as usual below tbe average ; the roots being very small and rough. BEAXS. Six varieties of French beans were sown outside on May 21, in rows thirty inches apart, viz.: Fame of Vitry, Emperor of Russia, Dwarf Extra Early Edible Podded, Bagneolet Dwarf Black Speckled, Canadian Wonder, Flageolet Scarlet wax. All ger- minated well but were completely destroyed by the frost on the evening of June 6, 1901. A resowing was made on June 7, but owing to all the seed having been used for the first sowing, a substitution of varieties had to be made, procured from a local seeds- man. Variety. Golden AVax Eariy China Flageolet Scarlet Wax Wammotii Red German Wax . . Date ■June Date ready. II Aug. 17 III „ 18 11 „ 20 11 ,- 30 Colour. Yellow , Length of pod. No. of Beans. 3—4 3-4 4-5 4-5 Flavour and texture. Pro- ductiveness. Verj' tender. I V. productive. ..i Fairly ., ..jVery TURNIPS. Garden turnips were a much more satisfactory crop this season than fcjr several years past. Their quality for table use being better than usual, doubtless on account of the moist season. Three varieties were sown with Planet Junior hand drill, on May 21, in rows thirty inches apart, and the following results were obtained : — Variety. Early White Strap Leaved American Stone Early Stone or Stubble Green Top Half Long Early White Vertus Date sown. May 21 „ 21 „ 21 Date ready. July 15 H 17 „ 20 Colour. White. Shape. Long Round Half long Flav Good . Fair.! TOMATOES. The comparatively open fall of the past season was very favourable to tomatoes, and a moderate quantity of ripe fruit was harvested. Two varieties were sown in hot-bed on April 25 and transferred to the open on June 14, nearly all the plants sur- viving. Dwarf Champion produced the first ripe fruit, but before frost Earliest of All proved the most productive. Variety. Earliest of All . . . Dwarf Champion. Date sown. April 25 Date ripe. Aus Ripe fruit. Green fruit. •SO! 24: Lbs. 25 IS Lbs 17 12 Total. Lbs 42 30 Shape. Flavour. Somewhat ribbed . iGood . Smooth jVery good. 448 EXrERIilEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 INDIAN CORN. Three varieties of Indian corn were sown on ^fay 21, in hills three feet apart hy two feet, with Planet Junior hill dropping drill. Through severely cut by the frost on June G, the majority of the plants survived, thougii the cheek made them somewhat late. Xone of the varieties ripened seed. Varietj'. Coiy Mitchell's Extra Eailv rirst of All ". , May 21.. Aug. Ir;.. .. L'l..' M 20.. .. l'l.. „ 20.. <;2 Vaiiety. Weiglit per dozen. IC-rowfd dent. . . 8-ro\ved tlint . . . lOruwed flint. . Fl;i Lbs. I 4:* Excellent. 4 Fair . ih Excellent. A.SPARAGUS. The asparagus crop was particularly satisfactory during the past season. Com- mencing to shoot on May 6, it continued uninterruptedly for two months, its luxurious shoots being produced in profusion. All varieties did well — Barr's Mammoth being somewhat the largest yielder. Four varieties were grown, namely : Conovor's Colossal, Columbus Mammoth White, Barr's Mammoth and Giant Argenteuil. CITRONS. This vegetable, which is in much demand in Mauituba for preserving, gave an enormous yield during the past year. One variety was sown, viz. : Preserving, and from one row, 90 feet long, 473 pounds were gathered. Taking into consideration the fact that the lirst sowing was frozen out on June 6, the yield was a remarkable one. PARSNIPS. The parsnip crop was decidedly above the average this season, only one variety * Hollow Crown,' was sown, with Planet Junior hand drill, in rows thirty inches apart, on April 10. The crop was harvested on October 12, and was of excellent quality, the yield being "ioo^ bushels per acre, calculated from the product of two rows, each 66 feet long. SPINACH. One variety, namely, ' Long Standing,' Avas sown on April 10, iji rows eighteen inches apart. The product was of fine flavour and remained in condition for table for a comparatively long period. This vegetable comes in very opportunely in the early part of the reason, when vegetables are somewhat scarce. PARSLKV. One variety, " Extra Curl," was sown on April 10, and gave, as usual, an excellent crop. A number of complaints are received here annually with reference to its non- guccess generally, but in nearly every instance late sowing was the cause of the trouble. To obtain the best results with parsley the sowing should be done as early as possiV-e in the spring. HE PORT OF MR. ,9 .1. BEDFORD SESSIONAL PAPER Nc. 16 TJIE FLOWEK GARDEN. 449 The flower garden was very satisfactory, and a continuous mass of bloom through- out the season. The weather during the early spring months, was favourable for hot-bed work, and a very fine stock of bedding plants were ready for transplanting to the open at the end of May. The first sowing was made on April 2, and concluded on the 25th, transplanting being brought to a conclusion on May 10. Bedding out commenced on June 3, and was well under way, when we were visited by the cool wave on June 5 and 6, previously referred to, and which caused much damage in this department. Many of the newly bedded annual flowers were frozen, and necessitated a replanting, which fortunately we were able to accomplish by reason of having surplus stock reserved for contingencies. Zinnias and Dahlias were the most seriously injured, ■ and were cut to the ground, while all varieties were more or less aftected. On the return of fine weather, however, many of the plants recovered, and very soon all trace of the damage was obliterated ; and the long open fall compensated in a great measure for the check sustained at this period. The Herbaceous perennials were much admired, and the number of varieties of this class no^v growing here constitute a very comprehensive collection. Variety. How Sown. Date ►Sown. Date Transijlanted. Asters (10 types) Bcxes, hotbed. Amarantus superbus. M bicolor . . . Ageratmii Mexican uin Antiniiimnn iiiajus. j m m ,1 II naimm ' « >< Abronia uiubellata jUutside Brachycoine iberidifolia . iBoxes, hotbed. Cosmos liybrida 1 m h Cejosia (3 varieties) I m n Chrysanthemum coronarium '• u u II frutescens i n n M carinatuinhybridum Burridgeanum. . . . 1 h h Dahlias, single j n h Gaillardia picla i n n II Loren/.iana 1 h n Godetia nana [Outside Helichrysum bracteatum JBoxes, hotbed. Nicotiana atlinis. . Nigella damasci'na Portulaca double . . Outs Phlox Drunimoudii Boxes Petunias, single mixed II double II Salpiglossis v.ariabilis . . Stocks, double German 10 weeks. ,1 .1 lari\varf Multicolor i " « Amaraiitus Sui)erbus - Ornamental leaved ; made fine plants. Ager.it\nn Mexicanum Flowered well. Abionia umbellata i " Braclivcome iberidifolia ' » early and well and made fine show. Calendula officinalis -■ early and exceptionally well. Cosn.os Hybrida I>i'l not flower. Celosia ])yramidalis nana Flo'.vered well. Chrysanthemum Coronaviun I. frutescens M carinatum Burridgeanuir (iodetia nana Helichrysum bracteatum Nigella dama.scena Pansy (Bedding mixture) ... Portulaca Double Large Flowering. .. I'hlox drummondii grandiflora Salpiglossis variabilis Gaillardia i)icta . . . ....... M II Loren/.iana Nicotiana affinis early and well. well. early and well. exceptionally well and made fljie show. somew hat late. exceptionally well and made very fin^ show. well. exceptionally well and made very fine show. well. SWEET PE.\S. A collection of named varieties were sown the past spring with excellent results. All flowered well. The following varieties were considered the most striking : — Ofhello. — A very large flower, deep crimson in colour. Prince Edward of Yo}-k. — Carmine scarlet, with crimson wings. Aurora. — Striped rosy orange on white ; a most attractive variety, ^ RHI'Oirr OF MR. f<. A. BEDFORD 451 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Lollie Hulchliis. — Pencilk'd pink on a straw yellow. Salopian. — Rich deep crimson red, very large and of fine form. Sadie Burpee. — The best of the white varieties. lio7i. F. Bouvcric. — Salmon, with creamy pink wing-g. Lady Nina Balfour.^A beantiful silvery lavender. Admiration. — Pinkish heliotrope, wings a shade lighter. IIERBACEOrS PEIJEXXIALS. This class of plaj^its continue to attract special attention, on account of their hardiness and ease of cultivation. The former situation of the perennial bed having been found undesirable, a new location has been selected, to which the old plants have been removed, and in which new varieties are being planted as fast as procured. The following varieties were received during the spring of 1900, and the appended notes show their condition after having passed through one winter. Most of them flowered nicely in their season : — Asclejiias tuberosa. Aster, W. Bowman. ti White Queen. Achillea Millefolium rubrum. 11 Sibirica White. Ftarmica Fl. PI. Amthemis tinctoria kelwayi. Artemisia Stellarinna. Anemone Narcissiflora. Ajuga reptans atropuri)urea. 11 gemevensis. Boltona latisquama. 11 Asteroides. Campanula altaica. Chelune barbata. Centaiu'ea montana alba. II macrocephala. Coreopsis verticillata. 11 Delphinifolia. Erigeron niacranthus. Funkia lancifolia. Geranium niaeulatum. Wilfordi.- 11 Sangnineum. M platypecalum. Helenium Grande striatum Helianthus maximiliana. II gigantea. Hemerocallis disticha Fl. PL 11 fulva. 11 variegata. 11 Kwanso Fl. PL 11 graminaefolia. II dumortieri. Iris variegata arquinto. 1. Pancrace. 11 Minos. II Innocenza. II Coquette. II Darius. 11 Souvenir. II Henry Havaid. squalens. Jacquesiana. Lady Seymour. La Tristesse.. Iris squalens, Tarquin. II 11 Minerva. II 11 Hector. II 11 Haydee. M 11 Dina. II 11 Bnmze Stoffel. II 11 La Marmora. II 11 Cerber\is. II amoena Julia Grise. II 11 Maria Theresa. II 11 Crebillon. 11 II Victor Lemoine. 11 11 Mrs. H. Darwin. II plicata. II 11 Severtii. II 11 Lord Seymour. II 11 Gisela. 11 neglecta Sapho. II II Arlequin Milanais. II II Agathe. 11 II Hericartiana. II pallida. 11 II Chamoeleon. II sibirica. II 11 violacea. 11 11 alba. 11 II haematophila. 11 germanica. 11 11 Verschuur, 11 pumila. 11 II lutea. 11 II Cinerea. II 11 gracilis II Florentina. II ensata. 11 11 Biglumis. II II oxypetala. 11 cristata. II nudicaulis. 11 furcata. 11 Goldeuatadtiana coerulescens. II giganteus. , II flavescens. II virescens. II aurea. II Balkana. II Chamreiris. BULB-i PLANTED 1901. Iris biflora. II blondovi. II ruthenica. ti Cengialti. II orientalis. II Hungarica. 11 i)rismatica. Lysymacbia clethroides. Physostegia Virginiana alba. Pyrethrum uliginosuu). Phalaris arundinacea fol var. Phlomis fruticosa. Papaver orientate. Phlox decussata pantheon. II II tourbillon. 11 II dwarf white. II Carolina ovata. 11 amtena. 11 divaricata. 11 suliulata lilacina. II reptans. II pilosa. Poteriuni officinale. Rudbeckia laciniata. Spirea venusta pallida. II kamschatka. 11 filipendula. fl. pi. 11 palmata. 1- ulmaria. 11 digitata glabra. II iilmaria fl. pi. II pubescens. Symphytum asperrimuni. Sidalcea Candida. Sempervivum montanum. Solidago rigida. II Missouriensi.s. II gigantea. Thermopsis caroliniana. Tradescantia virginiana alba. 11 1' canulea. Valeriana officinalis. Veronica virginica.^ II elegans carnea. II sjjicata. A consignment of bulbs were received from the Central Experimental Farm this autumn and were planted in the perennial block. They consist of : Tulips, in varieties- Crocus, Seilla's, Iris Ilispanica, Snowdrops, and Frittilaries. 16— 29i 452 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 A covering of manure was placed on the bed, and the results will bo reported on the next season. A consignment of Hyacinths, Narcissus and Lilium candidum were potted and will be flowered in the Superintendent's house during the winter. A s\ipply of different sorts of Lilies were also received from Ottawa. DISTRIBUTION OF GRAIX,. POTATOES, ETC. A larger distribution than usual was made of potatoes, maple seed, rhubarb, flower and bromc grass seed. The following quantities were sent out to applicants : — Grain of all kinds in 3-pound bags 555 Seedling trees, packages 310 . Shrubs, packages 113 Distrihuiion of Potatoes, &c. Potatoes in 8-pound bags 334 Maple seed in 1-pound bags. 471 Khubarb seed, packages 217 Flower seed, packages. 201 Brome grass seed, in 1-pound packages 270 Box Elder or Manitoha Maple Seeds. The following reports have been received from parties to whom Manitoba Maple seeds were sent in l-pound packages, during the spring of 1900 : — JSJumber of applicants supplied 240 ■Number of reports received 89 Success. Failur&s. Seeds sown on summer fallow 3 12 " Spring ploughing 20 6 " Fall ploughing 22 11 " Breaking , 9 3 '' Garden (dug with spade) 3 • . . Largest number of plants raised from 1 -pound packet, 2,000. Maximum height of seedlings at end of season, 2^ feet. lieports of Distrihution of Collections of Trees, Spring 1900. Only eight per cent of parties supplied with trees reported on them. These all report having received the packages in good condition. Number of applicants supplied 525 Number of reports received 43 Average per cent of cuttings struck : Per cent. Russian Poplars 20 Cottonwoods "4 Willows .' l'*^ Maxim.um growth, summer 1900 : Feet. Russian Poplar 4 Cottonwood '> Willows 3 JiEPORT OF MR. R. A. BEDFORD ' 453 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 PEOPAGATION OF TREES FOR DISTRIBUTION. Caraganas, Russian Poplars, Elms, and Willows, were grown for free distribution. The Caraganas were propagated from seed. The seed was sown the same as garden peas, in rows thirty inches apart, about one inch deep and about one inch apart in tlie rows. Fresh gathered Ehn seed was sown in shallow drills 12 inches apart and covered with fine soil by means of a garden rake. PROPAGATION OF TREES FOR THE FORESTRY BRANCH OF THE DE- PARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR. Under your instructions some ten acres of land was set apart for the growing of trees for the above department. The principal part of these were Native Ash-leaved Maples, grown from seed, but a number of Elms and Willows were alyo grown. The Maple seed was sown in drills three feet apart, the seeds touching each other in the row. Most of the seed was soaked before sowing. In some instances the seed was ploughed under, by striking out a furrow three inches deep and placing the seed at the bottom of the furrow, and ploughing a second furrow over it. Adjoining rows were struck out with a Planet Junior drill two inches deep, and the seed sown by hand and the soil filled in with a rake. The rows covered with the plough produced 160 trees to the chain of row, and the rows filled in with rake 733 trees to the chain. Either the ploughing w^as too deep, or else the soil when thrown in with a plough was too liard and lumpy for the best results. Altogether 110,000 maples and elms were grown from seed, and in 'addition seedling elms were collected from the natural bluifs by the river side. SAMPLES FOR EXHIBITION PURPOSES. Five cases of samples were sent to the Glasgow Exhibition during the past year. Those were exhibited along with samples from the other Experimental Farms, and received very favourable notices. Last fall an additional exhibit was prepared from the crop of 1901, and forwarded to Glasgow; although not as extensive as the first er^hibit, it gave a very fair idea of the character of the past year's crop. On completion of the Dominion Government building on the Brandon fair grounds this year, a very complete exhibit was prepared and installed therein, and the •display was greatly augmented by a tasty exhibit from the Central Experimental Farm at Ottawa. A small collection of samples was sent to the Dominion Government agency in Texas. A somewhat extensive display of Horticultural products was made at the Brandon Horticultural Exhibition. NEW BREAKING. About three acres of pasture field which had been in Western Rye Grass for eight years was broken up in the spring, thoroughly disc-harrowed, and at once re-sown with Brome Grass seed in the proportion of fifteen pounds of seed per acre. A good 454 EXPERIMEXrAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD Vll., A. 1902 cntcli was obtained and furnished abundance of pasture from early August until winter set in. Two acres of original prairie in the same field was also broken up, backset and harrowed. This will be sown to brome seed early next spring. It is not found necessary to keee the cattle out of a field when sowing a portion of it with brome grass. No doubt it would be advisable to do so for the first few months if the land were at all wet; otherwise there would be danger of tramping out the young grass plants. VISITORS. The number of visitors to the Experimental Farm during this year approximated ten thousand. A noticeable feature was the large number of delegates from the Western and South-western States. These were representative farmers sent to examine and report on the Canadian Xorth-west as a desirable location for the surplus population of their respective States. They appeared greatly impressed by the crops of grain and grasses growing on the Experimental Farm. Two railway excursions were run to the farm during the year, one along the main line of the Canadian Pacific Railway from Rosser west, and the other from the south- western branches of the Canadian Pacific Railway. Each excursion carried about six hundred, nearly all being farmers and their families. The provincial ploughing match and farmers' picnic were also held on the farm, and largely attended. The ploughing matches are already exerting an influence for good in the province, and the ploughing done has greatly improved in late years. FARMERS' MEETINGS. A number of farmers' meetings were attended during the past year, and the turn- out of far*''i"rs was much above the average, the attendance in some instances reaching four hundr-.>d. Meetings were attended at the following places : — Winnipeg Jan. 18 Brandon " 19 Carman " 29 Miami ;; 30 Nelson 31 Morden Feb. 1 Manitou " 4 Pilot Mound " 5 Crystal City " G Cartwright Feb, 7 Winnipeg " 20 ''21 " "22 MacGregor Mar. IG Winnipeg April 10 Rapid City May 25 Brandon July 21 Winnipeg " 31 uiii'oirr OF MR. s a. HEDioia) SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 METEOKOLOGICAL TABLES. 455 Mf.nth. Highest Temperature Lowest Temperature Total Rainfall. Total Snowfall. Total Amount of Sunshine. 1900. December. cm 21 13 13 29 30 2S 1 19 10 2 2"t • 1 39-4 38 2 25 5 41 2 85 92 85-5 92 5 92 91 2 78-9 53 on 31 2 2 5 18 13 7 1 30 18 27 22 -28 0 -41 G -25 -18-5 13 28 2(i-5 44 401 22 21 1 Inches. Inches. 12 17 Hours. SO -3 1901. January February • 991 12G-9 March 100 4 Ajuil 170 8 May 112 7-72 1-93 113 3 34 03 11 330 3 June 182 -5 July 243 (! August 280 - 1 September 127 5 ( )ctober 3' 183 8 November. 100 Total,-^ 15-98 32 2 112-3 1 CORRESPONDENCE. This year 4,S04 letters were received and 3,210 despatclied, irrespective of 2,755 circulars sent out. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, S. A. BEDFORD, Superintendent. 1-2 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 A. 1902 EXPERIMENTAL FARM FOR THE NORTH-WEST TERRITORIES KEPOKT OF ANGUS MACKAY, SUPEKINTENDENT. Experimental Farm, Indian Head, N.W.T, November 30, 1901. Dr. Wm. Saunders, Director Dominion Experimental Farms, Ottawa, Ont. • Sir, — I have the honour to submit herewith the fourteenth annual report of the operations on the Experimental Farm for the North-west Territories, at Indian Head, Assiniboia, during the year 1901. The past season has been one of the most successful ever experienced, not on]y on the Experimental Farm, but throughout the whole country. Bright prospects from beginning to end of the growing season consummated in the most abundant crop ever reaped in any country, and although unsettled weather for a time caused some fears for the safety of the reaped grain, the conditions became more favourable when the real North-west fall opened, and in proportion to the total amount of grain saved in good condition the loss is very slight. Last winter was mild with few or no storms. Snow fell in the middle of Novem- ber, and in some districts remained on the ground until April ; while in others it dis- appeared in March. On account of the wet condition of the land when it froze up in the fall of 1900, and the frequent rain and snow storms during April, seeding was late in starting, but from the beginning to the end of May, while seeding was in progress, the weather and soil conditions were all tliat could be desired. June opened hot and dry, and some apprehension was felt for the young grain plants, but a rain which was general throughout the Territories on the 12th, followed by warm and frequently heavy showers continuing to the end of July, caused a remarkable growth of cereals in every part of the Territories. In previous years some districts have been more favoured than others in this respect, but this year all have fared alike. Harvest commenced from the 15th to the 20th of August, and was completed early in September. No frost was reported till the 17th, by v/hich time all grain, except some late oats, was in stook. There w^ere no heavy winds during the season, and no injury was sustained by the grain at any time. Shortly after stacking and thresliing had commenced, in Assiniboia at least, heavy falls of rain and snow took place and caused delay in securing the grain, as well as more or less loss in badly stacked and stooked grain. The unfavourable weather, with occasional bright days, continued to October 13, when a radical change took place, and from that time to the present not a d^iy has been lost. Many very heavy yields of grain are reported from almost every part of the Territories. In Assiniboia, where wheat is the principal crop, yields of 50 to 55 bushels per acre have been threshed from fields of 100 acres or over, in the Indian Head, Wide-awake and Abernethy districts ; while many farmers liave secured -iO to i5 bushels per acre, in some cases on four to six hundred acres. 457 * 458 EXPERIMENTAL FAh'MS 1-2 EDWARD Vll., A. 1902 In the Kegiua, Peuse, Moosejaw and Sintaluta districts equally heavy evops have been harvested. One family of father and six sons in the Pense district are reported to have between seventy-five and eighty thousand bushels of wheat to market. Settlers with ten, fifteen or twenty thousand bushels are numerous in the districts mentioned, and no doubt the same may be said of the more easterly portion of Asslni- boia, although I have no direct information in the matter. The newly settled districts along the Soo line of railway have been equally fortu- nate, and a large influx of settlers is expected in the districts north of Weyburn, Milestone and Yellow Grass as soon as spring opens next year. Saskatchewan reports a good crop of wheat and oats, and Alberta has the heaviest crop of oats it has ever secured. . The oat crop throughout the Territories is a heavy one. The majority of farmers in the wheat-growing sections have paid little attention to this important cereal, being content to sow on stubble land with little or no cultivation and thresh from 30 to 50 bushels per acre ; whereas, som.e, and the number is increasing, are using fallowed land and securing 75 to ^00 bushels. In several instances the yield has been over 100 bushels per acre this year. Fallowed land, the past season, as in every other year, has given the highest yield of wheat per acre, and so far as can be ascertained, the crop grown thereon has sus- tained no injury from rust, smut or other cause. In some cases the quantity of straw was excessive and lodged in places, but this apparently has had no appreciable effect on the yield. Grain sowed on stubble land ploughed or cultivated in the fall of 1900 or just before seeding, invariably gave good returns ; while on similar land without cultivation the yield was comparatively light. 'Cattle throughout the Territories have not done as well during tho past season as in 1900. Flies and soft grass are no doubt accountable for this to a considerable extent. The heavy rains in June and July made the grass soft and watery and caused a most abundant crop of mosquitoes and flies. -The price of export steers has kept up, but the demand for stockers has not been so brisk as in former years. EXPERIMENTAL FARM CROPS. The crops on the Experimental Farm the past season were, without an exception, the best since the commencement of operations in 1887. Everything grown yielded above the average and many varieties of grain were above any previous record. The sample too, surpasses that of any other year. Pasture, hay, corn, potatoes, vegetables and roots (with the exception of field carrots, which although above ordinary years, were not in keeping with the other crops), were a most gratifying success. All the" tests made with grain, roots, fodder-plants, &c., came through the season without a single set-back from winds, frost or other causes, and all have been safely pecured and threshed in good condition. Small fruits were a fair crop, and crab-aoplos and plums produced abuiid:Uitly. Trees and shrubs of all kinds made a strong, healthy growth. EXPERIMENTS WITH SPRING WHEAT. Seventy-one varieties were tested on l-20th or l-40th acre plots ; eight of the same varieties on plots ranging from f acre to 10 acres. Red Fife was used in the test of fertilizers ; rotation test ; test of sowing selected, well-cleaned and small seed, and ill the test of blue stone as a preventive of smut. PEPORT OF MR. ANGUS MACK AY 459 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 TEST OF VARIETIES IN UNIFOHM PLOTS. Seventy-one varieties, of which fifty had been previously tested and twenty-one were new sorts, were sown on May 7 by hoe-drill, at the rate of one and one-half bushels per acre. The field chosen for this test of wheat, as well as for the uniform plots of oats and barley, was one of twenty acres entirely surrounded by wind-breaks of trees, and is of a uniform quality of soil — a clay loam. Wheat seeding was later than it other- wise would have been on account of wet spots in the field. The land had been well fallowed in 1900, having received one deep ploughing in May, and several surface cultivations during the growing ser.son. No weeds were allowed to grow and after the grain appeared above ground, the plots were gone over several times and anything injurious to the crop was removed. All the varieties germinated evenly and well, and made a strong, healthy growth, without sustaining the least injury from smut, rust, frost or any ,,cause whatsoever. A few days before being cut, rust appeared on the leaves of some of the varieties but the grain was not affected. Wheat — Test of Varieties. Name of Variety. Mason Australian No. 13. . . Huron Countess (loose Kideau Rio Grande . Stanley E.ssex Dawn Clyde ] ieaudry Minnesota No. 181 . . , Vi'rnon Minnesota No. 149 . . . Dion's , Australian No. 23 . . . Beauty Hpeltz Colorado Dutferin Minnesota No. 103. , . . Australian No. 27 . . . Weldou . Wellnian's Fife Monarch Roumanian Minnesota No. 109 . . . Red Fern Herisson Bearded Percy Preston Hastings . Red Fife Advance . . Hungarian Japanese ... Australian No. 19 Pringlt^'s Champlain. . Admiral Caniijljell's Whit e Ciiaflf Ladoga ... Date of Ripening Aug. 19. 24. 23. 18, 29. 22. 29. 20. 24. 20. 17. 25. 25. 20. 24. 23. 23. 2). 17. 28. 2G. 24. 21. 17. 24. 25. 27 20 ! 28. 28. IS. 29. 24. 25. 25 , 2G., 23. 23.. 2G.. 23.. 23.. 22.. 104 109 108 103 114 107 114 105 109 105 102 110 110 111 109 108 108 105 102 113 111 109 100 102 109 110 112 111 113 113 103 114 109 110 110 111 108 108 111 108 In. 47 50 48 54 50 44 53 52 55 47 50 53 O Weak . Strong Mediur Strong Weak 53'Strong Mediuii Stronp Weak . Medium Stron Medium 55 40 j Weak 54 Strong . 47| .. .. 49 JNIedium 52 Strong . 52 H 49 We.ak.. 52'Strong . 48 Medium 50j „ . . 53 Strong . 108 54 1 Weak 107 50 Strong . In. 5 4 4 4 2h m 4 4 4i 3 3.i 4' 3 4 5 4i 5 2 3i H 4 4i H 5 'Si 4 5 ^ 4 Bald Bearded Bald . . . Bearded Bald . . . Bearded Bald . . . Beartled Bald . . . Bearded Bald . . . Bearded Bald '. . '. Bearded Bald . . . Bearded Bald . ." .' Bearded Bald . . . Bearded 3i 3I 4" 3 3h 34 Bald . . 5 Bearded 4 3i Bald . . 4,500} SiBeardedl 3,280| Lbs. 5,000 5,210 5,4-10 5,980 4,380 4,980 0,020 5,900 4,800 3,0.50 i5,.3G0 4,910 .5,880 0,280 0,320 0,180 0,180 0,4S0 2,275 3,750 4,700 0,420 7,000 0,880 .5,040 0,000 3, 820 1 5,200 3,980 3,000 4,100 4,8S0j 3,300 5,220 5,370 3,520 4,520 0,280 7,120 5,980 Yield jier Acre. Bush. Lbs. 07 .. 66 40 66 40 05 20 63 .. G2 40 02 .. Gl 40 01 20 6L .. 00 40 60 40 60 .. 59 20 .59 20 59 20 58 40 58 40 58 20 58 20 58 .. 58 . . 58 .. 57 40 57 40 57 40 57 20 57 20 57 20 57 20 57 20 57 20 57 20 57 . . 57 .. 50 40 50 40 56 40 56 40 50 20 50 . .. 55 40 Rusted. Lbs. I 63i!Slightly. GO.tj 02i 59| 05' 02 59 G2h GO' 04 02^! 64 62 03 57. 01 OU 59- 404 63^ 02 62i GO 02 01? 58 65i GOh 03' 63i GU (;3A 63.i GU 623 043 OOi 60.^ 02i 62i 624 62^ 460 EXPEBIMEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 "Wheat — Test cf Varieties — Concluded. Narce of Variety. White Connell Blair Crawford White Russian . . . Progress Laurel Cassel Australian Xo. 25. , Blenheim Alpha , Fra,ser Bishop White Fife Plumper Chester Australian Xo. 9 Captor Ebert Crown Benton Robin's Rust-proof.. Red Swedish Early Riga Australian Xo. 10 . . Harold Angus X^'orval Cartier , . . , . Byron Date of Ripening, Aug. 24. 19. It. 20. 20. 26. 23. 22. 26. 25. 15. 21. 19. 22. 23. 22. 23. 14. 24. 23. 27. 29. 13. 23. 15. 25., 19. 21.. 18.. 2 U l2 o » In. 109 104 90 105 105 111 108 107 1 111 110 100 ' 100 104 107 108 107 108 99 109 108 112 114 98, 108 100 110| 1041 106; 103 j Strong . Weak . . Medium Strong . Weak . . Stiong . 00 49 49 57 52 51 47 52 53 50} ,. .. 51 Medium 51 .Strong . 55J M 4S;Medium 43 „ . . .50 Strong . 54| „ _ .. 46 Medium .54; „ .. 50 [Strong . 44, Weak.. 48 M . . 48 Modi urn 47 Strong . 43 Medium 45 52 44 46 Strong tc o I -a c In. i 4 Bald . . . I 3i' ; 3'| ;, ... 4 I II . .. 5i 11 ... 3h\ .. . . . 4|! ,1 ... 4^ Bearded 3i| 1. ... 3 ; .. ... 4i Bald . . . 5'| II ... 31 Bearded 3| Bald . . . 4 4| 3i 4i 4 3| 4 Bearded 3i'Bald ... 3|1 2^ Bearded 3^1 Bald ... 3^1 Bearded 4 3^ Yield per Acre. Lbs. Bu^h.Lbs.; Lbs. .3,420 4,300 5,160 5.580 3,560 5,120 3,200 4,900 5,175 5,650 3,780 4,480 5,720 4,. 540; 4.440! 5,080i 5,780[ 5,220l 3,.590! 4,160 4,800; 4,0S0] 4,100 0,100 4,160 2,840i 3,880i 4,040 4,200, I 55 20 55 .. 55 .. 54 .. 54 .. 54 .. 64 .. 54 .. 54 .. 53 40 52 .. 52 .. 52 . . 51 .. 50 40 50 40 50 20 50 20 50 .. 49 20 49 20 49 .. 49 .. 48 40 48 .. 46 .. 45 40 44 40 43 40 Rusted. Slightly. 62 62i 62i 61^ 62^ 57i 63" 59i 62 62 62 62i 61| 63^ 61 59 mh\ 64' I 62^! 63 GU Biidlv. 03iSlightly. HH C3' 61 62 61 63 Note.— :Wheie the foregoing are noted as ' slightly rusted " it applies to the leaves, as the straw was nut in any way affected. TEST OF VARIETIES IX FIELDS. Eight varieties of wheat were sowii on plots of three-fifths to ten acre? of land worked in various ways as shown in the accompanying table. The fallow land was ploughed seven inches deep in May, 1900, and cultivated four times during the season. • The Brome backsetting was Brome sod broken two inches deep in June ; back- set four inches deep in August, and cut up with disc-harrows after harvest. A few of the grass-roots sprouted in the .spring, but unless etesely looked for could not be noticed in the crop. The stubble land had been ploughed seven inches deep in the fall and well luir- rowed. The prairie sod was part of a fifteen year old pasture field, bro!;en and backset in the usual way. The crop v\-as very heavy in all cases, but with the exception of Preston on fallow, no grain lodged or was in any way injured. Preston was struck by rust a few days before being ripe, but as only the leaves were affected, the yield was not reduced. The yield of all varieties was very satisfactory ; and the sample is an excellent one liEPORT OF MR. AXGUS MACEAT SESSIONAL PAPER No, 16 461 Nameof Variety. Character of Soil. 0 V N o •< 5 n 1 4 IS 3 4° 4h 1 Date of Ripen- ing. Aug. 20 M 20 „ 25 M 27 M 23 M 10 M 20 „ 22 -, 10 M 23 M 24 M 20 11 114 114 n.'i 117 108 104 109 110 102 113 114 109 'o ■& CD (^ t» 0) J= o 1^ 53 55 53 50 54 57 58 58 57 58 57 55 Char- acter of Straw. o to a Kmd of Head. Yield per Acre. Proportion Rusted. Preston White Russian. . Ked Kife Fallow Medium Strong.. Medium Strong. . Mediura Strong. . Oi K(^ I Fife, well cleaned M selected 11 small seed Aug. 28.. „ 28.. ,> 28.. 113 110 114 In. 51 51 52 Strong. . . . In. 3.7 3.t 3| Bald Lbs. 5,100 5, .520 4,700 Bush. Lbs. 07 59 40 59 40 Lbs. 01. V G2 462 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 TEST OF FERTILIZERS. Six plots of l-40lh acre each were sown with Red Fife Wheat ; five of which were treated with artificial manures, and the sixth nsed as a check-plot. "While the grain was growing no difference conlcl be observed in the plots, and it will be noticed that the unfertilized plot yielded higher than three of the treated plots and nearly as high as the other two. It is, however, worthy of note that for the past two years, the plot treated with a mixture of the three manures, has given the highest yield. o 02 o.S o 0) ^3 ci w O Cj cS O Yi eld Name of Variety. "o ^ o fcc II o C3 C5 "S) a C per Acre. "li Pi' — ^ J 6 Hi W Lb.=i. > In. In. Bush . Lbs. Lbs. Plot No. 1.— Nitrate of soda, 100 lbs. i)fr acre (half sown when grain was 2 inches high, balance when G inches high) May 15 Aug 2S 105 50 Strong. . 3?, Bald.. . . 5,920 Gl 2J 02 Lot No. 2.— Nitrate of soda, 200 lbs. per acre (half sown when giain was 2 inches high, balance 1 , wlien G inches high) ,, 1.5 2fi 103 51 11 3:^ 11 5,480 58 40 1 62 riot No. 3.— Superphosphate No. 1, 400 lbs. jier acre (sown before grain and harrowed ) M 15 " 27 104 51 3^, 11 7,2S0 52 G2 Plot No. 4.- Check-plot. Unfertilized „ 15 M 28 105 CO 11 3,^ 11 .... (i,GCO 02 40 Gl Plot No. 5.— Muriate of potash, 200 lbs. per acre (sown before grain and harrowed) „ 15: „ 20 103, 51 11 31 11 8,080 G5 2D 02.1 Plot No. G.— yiiperphosphate No. 1, 200 lbs. per acre ; muriate of jjotash. 1 100 lbs. per acre ; nitrate of soda, 100 lbs. per acre (half sown before grain and liar- rowed, balance when grain was 2 inches high) " 15 " 27 104 52 " 34 8,080 G5 20 53i SPELTZ. Sown on l-20th and 3-20th acres of fallowed luud by hoe-drill, at the rate of two bushels per acre. The straw proved very weak and lodged badly, but from appearances while grow- ing, would make good fodder if cut at the proper time. Speltz is apparently well adapted to the country, and may be grown for the straw or grain for fodder ; the yield of the latter being very satisfactory. REPORT OF Mli. AXGUS MACK AY SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 463 Date XI Character Kind Yield 1! Name of Variety. of of of pPF *j Ri|)oning. 1-5 Straw. tc, Head. Acre. to 1 In. In. Lbs. Busli. Lbs. Speltz Aug. 24.. 102 40 Woak . . . o Bald 2,275 .58 20 4r..i M 20.. 104 47 is 2,475 52 4 40i FALL WHEAT. When visiting Southern Alberta in connection with Farmer's Institute work, in March last, many fields of fall wheat were noticed on the drive from Magrath to Pincher Creek, which have since given large yields of grain. With the object of again testing fall wheat on the fajm, seed of two varieties was secured and sown on August 5, on a particularly well prepared piece of fallowed land. The seed was put down as deep as it was possible for the seeder to work, in the hope that the roots may be sufficiently far below the surface to save them from the effects of spring thaws and frosts, which have heretofore been fatal to fall wheat. When the first killing frost came this fall, the wheat had attained a height of eight inches, and the leaves formed a thick mat entirely covering the ground. While it is very gratifying to learn that fall wheat has been such a success in Alberta this year, it is not safe to conclude that it will always be so. Last spring was particularly free from thaws and frosts, and as soon as the growth started there was no set-back ; resulting in an excellent crop. In former tests made here with fall wheat, there has never been any difficulty in getting it safely through the hardest winter, and in 1899, which was perfectly free from spring thaws and frosts, it pro- duced a very heavy crop of straw, but the grain was unfortunately struck by rust and completely destroyed. In all other trials, the alternate thawing and freezing from April 20 to May 25 has entirely killed the crop. These thaws and frosts have hitherto made the growing of clovers very difficult on the Experimental Farm, aivi so long as the Territories are subject to them, it will be advisable not to risk too much on either fall wheat or clovers. EXPEKIMENTvS WITH OATS. Sixty-four varieties were tested on plots of l-20th acre each ; fourteen of the same varieties were sown on plots of i to 11 acres, and Banner was used in the test of formalin as a preventive of smvit. The crop on the whole surpassed any previously grown on the farm. With the exception of 8 acres of Banner oats sown on backsetting, and tlie plots in the rotation test, all the tests were made on land fallowed in ISOO and in good con- dition for crop. The seed used was well cleaned by mill and was of excellent quality. TEST OF VARIETIES. Sown on fallow by hoe-drill, on May 9, at the rate of 2 bushels per acre. The grain stood up well, and none of the plots sustained any injury from lodging smut or rust, except Bonanza, which was, for some unknown reason, very smutty. The rust mentioned in the following detailed result of the test was simply on the leaves and did no damage whatever. 434 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS Oats — Test of Varieties. 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Abundance Thousand Dollar.. Aniericau Beauty Improved American . Mennonite Lincoln Banner American Triumph. . . V/ide awake Danish Island .... Early Golden Prolific Golden Beauty Improved Ligowo ... Early Maine . . Newmarket Early Blossom Waliis Silierian Columbus Abyssinia Early Gothland Oderbruch Holstein Prolific Bavarian Goldfinder.. .... Buckbees Illinois Joanette Prolific Black Tartarian. White Russian California Prolific Black Early Archangel Rosedale Olive King Black Beauty Kendal Golden Giant Pense Holland New Zealand Pioneer Flying Scotch;nan MUford Cromwell Hazletrs Seizure . ... Golden Tartarian Tiutar King Si-nsation Waverley White Schonon. . . Salines .' Cream Egyptian :\Iiller Kus-^ell Scotch Potato Brandon Wliite Giant Master • • ■ Black Mesdag Irish Victor Longhoughton Oxford Bonanza 18 18 19 IS 1!) IG 21 16 IG 17 15 18 15 IG 17 21 20 2! 21 20 19 19 10 17 20 1 24 22 19 20 23 20 22 15 19 25 23 23| lOG 21 104 101 101 102 101 102 99 104 99 99 100 98 101 ■1)81 99 100 101 103 104 104 103 102 102 99 100 109 100 107 105 102 103 90 103 105 98 102 108 lOG 50 53 5() 58 Weak . . 55 Strong . . .58 Weak . . 59'(Strong. . 0(1' Medium G2l .. 58|Weak .. 56! Strung . 57 57 55 54 53 Medium. 55]Strong.. . 48| M ... 57 25 23 12 23 22 12 20 22 20 21 14 22 11 15 19 23 15 15 23 13 22 20 21 12 108[ lOG, 95I lOG 105 95 103 105i 103 104 97 1 105 94 98: 102 loG' 98 98; lOG 96j 105' 109 104 95 We.nk Stronjr Weak . . . Strong . . . GI M 5 J Weak Strong — Weak . . . Strong.. . Medium. Strong.. . Medium . 4 9 lOi 9 13 jSided..... IO2 Branching l3i Sided..... 10 [Branching lOii lOi Sided 11 Branching Sided. Sided. 11 lOi 11' 10 Branching 10 Sided. ... 8i Branching 14' Sided lOJi Branching 12" Sided 10 Branching 12 Hi 14 13^ 15 13 Hi Branching! nil .. 14 .Sided 13 I 12f Branching 12J Sided 13" n .... 9^ Branching Hi .. 11 11 12 13 12 13 lOi 12'lSided. 12 lOi Hi 10" H 5,680 3,980 6,900 4,900 5,720 3,720 4,960 4,820 4,200 4, GOO 4,580 3,6201 116 5,500! 115 5,600! 114 3,640 114 3,920 113 5,180i 112 2,440 111 0,400i 111 126 125 124 124 121 121 120., 120. 119 119 119 U8 117 Uranchini 3, GO 2,280 4,600 3,1G0 2,100 4,820 4,840 4,200 4,180 5,200 3,600 3,560 3,4t;0 2,060] 4,060 4.OOOI 4,460 4,160 4,480 2,840 4,500 4,360 5,620! 5,6S0 3,880 5,040 3,810 3,240 4,080 4,080 4,260 111 110., 109 108 108 107 105 105 104 103 102 102 101 99 93 97 97 97 96 9G 95 95 94 92 91 90 87 87 81 80. 72 40 42i 41 40i 40i 41" 40 43 41 40i 38i 3g| 41 43 41 40i 37" 39^ 41i 38" Slightly. Slightly. 24: 38 18 43i 32 37i 26 .39" 26! 42i 26 39.r Slightly. 39 37- 40 35 39i 35' 3i Slightly. 241 3Si 18| 41 32 38i I2I 4D' 20! 42 14 36i 28 42i 22! 42i 2| 4lf 2i 43 16l 37i 16j 44 10! 39 10! 40 37i 3si 39 40 3Sf^ 40 39 41 45 Slightly. Slightly. SliRhtlv. Slightly and smutt}'. Very smutty Scenes on Eximckimexiai. Farm, Indun Head. N.W.'l'. 1 I'ruiting liranchof plum tree, o. Farm herd vi cattle. 2. Indian curn in 1901. 4. Wheat in stook, crop of I'JOl. liEl'ORT OF MR. ANOUS MACKAY 465 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 OATS — Fourteen V.\rieties Sown on Plots of i to 11 Acres. Name of Variety. Abiindauce, on fallow Banner Tartar King Goldfinder New Zealand Bavarian Wide-awake Waverley Black Beauty Thousand Dollar, Banner, on prairie sod backsetting Lincoln, on fallow. Iniproved Ligowo, on fallow. . . . Early Archangel n . . . . on fallow. Acres. lU 3i May U. M 11. „ 8. M 8. M l.'j. y. M 8. „ 8. „ 15. M 15. M 7. M 15. M 8. M 15. Auc 22. lO.*^ 19.1 100 18.1 102 28.1 112 101 99 99 103 90 100 97 99 101 99 Character of Straw. In. 50, Strong.. . 59l M 01 „ 02[]Mediuni. 58 1 Weak... CI Strong. . . w)! M . . . Gl 'Medium. nOiWeak ... 50 i Strong. . . 58| „ ... 57 M ... 02 1 Weak .. 53, Strong. . . In. Kind of Head. Yield ]ipr Acre. Busli. Lbs. Sided..... Branching Sided Branching 10 .Branching lU 12 12i 10' lOi 10' 101 9' 11 11 12 9i 124 117 104 104 100 99 96 94 93 92 91 91 83 70 14 20 10 4 30 2 TEST OF F0RM.\LIN AS .\ PREVENTIVE OF SMUT IX 0.\TS. Sown on May 9, on l-40th acre plots of fallowed land, by hoe-drill, at the rate of 2 bushels per acre. Seed. C"'idition. Treatment. On 25 sq. feet. Good Smutty Heads. Heads. Baimcr Clean Goz. formalin to 10 galls, water, soaked 1 hour. . M 11 11 20mins. ,. 5 „ .. Untreated 897 0 860 0 ,, 911 1 3 - " 870 i 23 C0M1'AR.\TIVE TEST OF SELECTED AND WELL SCREENED 0.\TS FOR SEED. ^' T3 1 ^ ce IE JZ, Name ef Variety. Date of ^3 Kind of Weight of Yield ])er Ripening . "o^ to rt u fcc Head . Straw. Acre. To 6 ;2; a 1-5 O Q ^ In. In. Lbs. Bush. Lbs. Lbs. Banner, selected Aug. 21 104 60 Strong.. 10?, Branching 4,760 130 20 41i II well cleaned.. 21 19 104 01 ;; :: 11 lOi !'i : : 5,720 5,540 122 12 120 20 42 ■1 small seed 102 CO 44| The seed sown in the above test was procured in the same manner as that used iu a similar test with wheat. Sown on May 9, on l-20th acre plots of fallowed land, by hoe-drill, at the rate of one and one-half bushels per acre. IG— 30 466 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 EXPERIMENTS WITH BARLEY. Thirty varieties of 6-rowed and twenty-two varieties of 2-rowed Barley were tested on uniform plots of l-20th acre each ; ten of the same varieties were sown on plots of ^ to 5 acres, and Royal was used in the test of formalin as a preventive of smut. The crop on the whole, was satisfactory, and some very large yields were ob- tained on the uniform test plots. There was, unfortunately, considerable smut in some of the varieties, although all the seed had been treated with formalin. TEST OF VARIKTIES. Thirty varieties of G-rowed and twenty-two varieties of 2-rowcd Barley were sown on May 14, on l-20th acre plots of fallowed land, by hoe-drill, at the rate of 2 bushels per acre. All germinated evenly and well. White and Black Ilulless lodged badly, but all the other varieties were erect when cut. Six-rowed Sorts. Name of V'ariety. Date of Ilipening. bii B 2^ (A o 60 Character of Straw. i a,' X Weight of Straw. Yield per Acre. to Proportion Smutty. d fe ^ In. In. Lbs. Bush Lbs. Lbs. Aug. 15 93 43 Weak .... 3 4,000 68 36 50 „ 14 11 12 11 92 89 90 89 4ti 41 41 43 Strong . . . H 3 3 3 3,780 3,300 3,140 3,300 67 4 00 12 03 10 59 28 49.!; 50' 52 514 Trooper Petsehora 10 88 37 M •M 3,380 59 8 49 13 21 91 41 Medium.. 99 38 Strong.... 3 3 4,900 2,320 58 10 57 4 52 48 Bhie Long-head Alansfield 14 92 471 .. ... 3 3,570 57 4 50 Slightly smutty. 15 21 93 99 46 Medium. . 3 3 3,900 4,200 50 32 50 12 50J 52 43 Strong . . . 22 20 100 98 44 47 " 3 3 4,490 2,920 55 40 51 8 52 53i ,, Common 11 891 41 Medium . . ^ 3,900 53 3(> 51 14 92 43 Strong . . . H 3,S00 53 10 bli Oderbruch IT 7 85 44 Weak . . . n 2,100 53 10 50 Rennie's Improved Stella ... 13 87 91 41 30 Strong . . . 3 2i 3,320 4,340 52 24 51 12 50^ 51i 0 87 39 ir 2i 3,700 50 .. 51 A little smut. Yale 14 92 45 It 24 4,570 43 30 49 Champion Surjirise \lbert • 1 7 85 40 M 3^ 3,620 47 4 49 14 92 40 M 3 3,6.50 46 12 52i 1, 10 9 f. 7 88 87 85 30 40 34 Medium . . 3 2h. 3,580 2,760 3,480 45 40 45 40 45 40 52A 50" 63i Vanguard Black HuUess " Argyle 10 7 88 85 40 39 vStrong . . . 3 H 3,900 2,980 44 8 41 12 48i 49' it r. 5 871 38 84! 30 Weak .'.'.'. 3j 4 3,900 3.730 2,780 40 .. 37 4 35 .. 52 57 49i Smutty. White Hulless Excelsior 83 38 Strong . . . REPORT OF MR. A\arS MAC KAY SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Two-uowED Sorts. 467 Name of Variety. Date of O,^ Ripening. I "o' Stand well I Aup Sidney Bolton Kirby Leslie . Nepean , . . French Chevalier Harvey Jar vis , Danish Chevalier Prize Prolific Invincible Kinver Chevalier Newton Logan Clifford Gordon Canadian Thorpe Fulton Victor Dunham Beaver . . 23. 9. 14. 14. 10. 13. 2-1 5. 7. 24. 24. 21. 25. 23. 11. (i. 10. 22. 10. 14. 8. 11. ,101 ,! 87 ,! i»2 [ !»2 88 !)1 102 83 ! 85 1102 102 99 103 1101 i 89 84 88 100 88 92 8G 89 Character of St^a■^^^ Stronr Modiii Strong. . Weak . . . Strong... Weak . . . Strong. . , In. Weight Straw. Lbs. 3,020 6.100 4,900 4,420 3.910 3,430 3,740 4,020 5,270 3,920 2,800 3. GOO 2,720 4,300 G,470 4,480 4,980 3,580 3,700 3,.5F0 3,720 2,920 Yield per Acre. m G7 61 59 59 58 58 57 57 57 57 56 55 55 55 54 54 52 50 50 47 45 36 i-J 44 32 28 8 36 16 44 24 4 4 32 40 40 20 28 8 24 40 40 4 20 32 Proportion Smutty. Lbs. 52 53.V 53^ 51 1 53i bOh bl'i 51 52 53i 51 53 53i 53 53 53 53 52i 51 i 49" Slightly .smutty A little smut. BARLEY — TEST OF V.\RIETIES OX PLOT.S OF -1 TO 5 ACRE.S. Nine varietie.s were sown on fallow and one of the same varieties on Bromc back- setting. The fallow was a field of 24 acres ploughed 7 inches deep, in May, 1900, and culti- vated four times during the season. The crop of straw was enormoiis, and Odessa lodged badly over the entire 5 acres ; while others went down in spots. Kennie's Improved and Common were affected by smut, which considerably do- creased the yield of these two varieties. Name of Variety. Size of Plot. Dace of Sowing. be Date ' i'l of a ts Ripening. "cS d Character of Straw. 1^ Kind of Head. Yield per Acre. Sidney, on fallow .... Mensury, on fallow . • . . . . Odessa, on fallow Sidney, on Brome backset- ting Invincible, on fallow Rennie's Improved, on fal- low Trooper, on fallow Stand well, on fallow Common, on fallow Canadian Thorpe, on fallow Acres. 5 5 5 4 5 3 I May 14.. ,. 14.. M 13.. „ 16.. ., 15.. „ 14.. .. 13.. „ 15.. .. 14.. -, 15.. Aug. 15.. H 10.. M 11.. -, 15.. M 22.. 8.. 11 7. . 11 22.. ■1 10.. ■1 18.. 92 87 89 90 99 85 85 99 87 95 In. 47 47 43 4G 46 47 44 43 43 44 Medium . . Strong. . . . Weak .... Medium . . Strong Medium. . Strong. . . . In. 4 o a! H •2i 3 23 3i 2- rowed. .. 6 „ . . 6 ,1 .. 2 .1 .. 2 ,, 6 „ .. 6 „ . . 2 11 . . 6 ,1 ! ; 2 II oa J GO 10 59 40 53 40 51 .. 49 32 49 20 48 It; 48 1{> 48 .. 44 .. IG— 30i 468 EXPERIMEyiAL FAEMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 TEST OF FORMALIX AS A PREVENTIVE OF SMUT IN BARLEY. Sown on May 14, on l-20th acre plots of fallowed land, by hoe-drill, at the rate of 2 bushels per acre. Condition. Treatment. On 25 sq. feet. Seed. Good Heads. Smutty Heads. Royal Smutty 6 oz. formalin to 10 galls, water, soaked 1 hour. . . „ .... |6 oz. formalin co TO galls, water, soaked 20 mins. . , 16 oz. formalin to 10 galls, water, soaked 5 mins. . . ,1 1 Untreated 872 783 760 630 3 20 36 jj 241 " Wheat Crop and Average Yield. Variety. Red Fife Preston Stanley Wellman'arge NV'hite Marrowfat Alma Bruce New Potter Nelson Carleton Prussian Blue Cooper Arthur Black-eyed Marrowfat. Elliot Mummy Sept. Aug. Sept. Aug. Sept. Aug. Sept. 5. 7. 30. 10. 30. 5. 27. 1. 5. G. 4. 7. 8. 8. 5. G. 8. 11. 9. 8. 10. 8. 9. 8. 3. (). 10. 2. 113 115 107 118 107 113 104 109 113 114 112 115 IIG IIG 113 114 IIG 119 117 IIG 118 IIG 117 IIG 111 115 113 114 118 110 Character of Growth. [Strong. Weak . . . Strong. . . Medium . Strong. . . Length Straw. Inches. 47 70 75 49 92 49 28 79 G4 44 70 5(» 52 50 48 38 72 52 70 50 GO 57 50 .50 64 67 42 48 48 G7 Length of Pod. Inches. 3 3 3 2h 2.1 3 Size of Pea. Large Medium Small . . Medium Large . . 2A Small . . 3 Large . . 2.1 Small . . 3 Large . . 2A 11 3 It 2 Medium Si L.irge . . n M .. *ii Medium H Large . Medium Large . . Medium Yield per Acre. Bu-sh. Lbs. Lbs 20 40 40 40 20 40 20 20 20 20 20 G5i 64 63.^ 64 64i 63 63| 63 02i 64 62.^ 63^ 62i 60" 63 62i 631 62^ 63i 62i 62V GH G5 (J3 63i 6J 470 EXPERIMENTAL FAL'ilS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Pease — Test of Varieties — Concluded. Name of Variety. Date of Ripening Cliancellor Aug. French Canner Sept. Prince I ,, Canadian Beauty trince Albert Dover Centennial . . Perth English Crey Archer Pieton . . Creeper , Fergus Vincent Duke Pearl. HaxTison's Glory Bright Victoria Alackay Wisconsin Blue . ....... Bedford Herald Multiplier ... Elder Chelsea Glass Pej» a- ,(, ^ I Character of 52 i Gi 107 113 111 116 113 116 113 114 112 116 109 114 116 116 116 119 118 120 118 119 113 116 113 113 118 113 120 Weak Stron; Weak Stronf Length of Straw. Inches. 55 51 61 62 52 48 52 68 42 48 63 55 48 48 48 54 49 60 49 52 38 42 56 58 48 49 53 Length of Pod. Inches. 2 3 3 2i 2" n 3 3 2 3 2 2i 2i 2Jr 2i 3 3 3 2i 2h 2" 2 2 2h 2" 1 Size of Pea. Yield L^_^ per -g;1 Acre. "Sm St Bu.sh.Lbs. Lbs Small . . Large . . Small . . Large . . . Medium . Large . . . Small . . . Large . . . Small . . . Medium. Small . . .' Medium. Small . . . 50 49 49 49 49 49 49 48 48 48 48 47 47 47 46 46 46 46 45 45 44 43 41 40 40 39 36 .. 65 40 64 40 63 20 20 20 20 20 40 20 20 64 63i 6U 63' 623 62| 63i 64 64 63 62 64 62.^ 64 62 63 63 63 62.^ 63 63 62i 65^ IXDIAX CORX. test of varieties. Thirty-four varieties of Indian Corn were sown on 'May 22, in rows 36 inches apart, hy grain-drill ; and for comparison, planted by hand in hills three feet apart each way, on the same date. Both plots were cut for ensilage on September 2. The yield was computed from the weight of corn on two rows, each 66 feet long. The land used for the test had been fallowed in 1900, and in the fall of that year twenty loads per sere of well-rotted manure wcs spread evenly over the ground. Before seeding in the spring this was gang-ploughed in, three inches deep, and the plots were well harrowed. Before and after the corn came up the weeder was u.sed, and until it was too high to permit the working of a horse, a scrutHer was run at short intervals. No weeds were allowed to appear. When cut for ensilage, on September 7, all varieties were well advanced," and the quality and quantity of the fodder is the best we have ever been able to secure here. EEl'OUT OF MR. A^GUS MACKAY ill SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Name of Variety. i'larly Mastodon Pride of the North Giant Prolific Ensilage. . . . . Mammoth Cuban Cloud's Early Yellow Sal/.er's All Gold J'jvergreen Sugar Pearce's Prolific Salter's Superior Fodder Selected Learning Country Gentleman Angel of Midnight Canada White Flint Ked Cob Ensilage Longfellow Early Butler North 1 );ikota White MamuKith I'jglit-rowed Flint White Cap Yellow Dent. , . . Thoroughbred White Flint . Compton's Early Yellow Six- weeks Champion White Pearl Very Early August Extra Early Huron Dent. . . North Dakota Yellow Ruby Mexican Early Yellow Long-eared. . . . Kendall's Early Giant. . Sanford Iving of the Earliest Extra Early Szekely Mitchell's Extra Early . - ... Salzer's Earliest Ripr Character of Uj ■ i t /, ., Height. Growth. ° Very strong Strong Very strong. Strong Medium. . . . Very strong Medi Very strong. Strong Weak Strong Weak Very strong Medium Very strong. Medium Strong Medium Weak Inches. 138 101 103 117 107 127 113 90 133 102 94 99 98 100 131 124 92 95 114 94 99 77 95 83 117 98 103 116 82 96 105 92 75 92 Condition when Cut. Late milk. Tassel ... Early milk Glazed ... Late milk. Early milk Late milk Early milk Late milk. Glazed . . . Early milk Tassel ... Late milk Glazed . . Early milk Glazed . Late milk. Early milk Late milk. Glazed . . . Late milk. Weight per Acre grown in rows. Weight per Acre grown in hills. Tons. Lbs. Tons. Lbs, 22 21 21 21 20 20 20 19 19 19 19 19 17 17 17 17 ir, ](! 13 12 12 1,724 800 1,480 3SS 388 180 1,784 1,520 8G0 200 1,850 1,408 200 ISO 1,.5()0 900 504 ' 1,844 920 524 1,996 1,864 1,600 544 544 1,738 640 4.52 las 500 200 1,324 1,244 1,080 13 21 16 19 1 18 20 I 21 il' 22 I 13 I 18 17 ! 16 21 18 14 14 16 19 12 11 16 12 15 14 11 15 15 12 17 9 15 11 1,388 32 1,792 1,600 168 1,920 2(J4 8-18 848 880 400 1,4.56 848 1,792 240 168 312 776 1,264 280 1,872 440 1,7.52 288 1,416 284 1,5.52 1,9(4 1,680 816 320 1.800 1,680 704 Indian Corn. — Test of seeding at different distances sown in drills by g-rain seeder on May 22. Cut September 2. Cultivation of land the same as for preceding test. Name of Variety. Champion White Pearl. Longfellow II Selected Le,aniing Inches. 21 28 35 42 21 28 .35 42 21 28 35 42 Character of Growth. Strong , Very strong. Height. Inches. 116 116 116 117 113 125 130 137 123 119 121 129 Weight per Acre gi-own in row.s. Tons. 21 12 18 17 26 23 24 21 25 24 21 19 Lbs. .300 842 1,968 686 640 1,940 251 1,616 8 045 827 1,198 472 EXPERIMEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VU., A. 1902 EOTATIOX OF CROPS. The plan inaugurated in 1899 for a rotation of crops was followed out this year in a satisfactory manner. So. 1 2 4 5 r; 7 8 II 10 11 12 13 14 15 IG 17 18 19 20 21 22 1800. 1000. ir:01. I Wheat jOats Hoja Beans. Wheat iWheat Pease. W^heat Wheat Wheat Pease . Tares Soja Beans W^heat Red Clover Wheat Oats Tares. Wlieat jRed Clover. I'arley | Alsike and Lucerne. Wheat 'Wheat. Wheat Oats. Oats Wlieat. Alsike and Lucerne Wheat Bailey . Rape Whout Siiinmer-fallow. Wheat Wheat Siunmer-fallow. Wheat . . Oats Siiniuier-fallow. Wheat . Barley .Summer-fallow. Wheat Wheat iOats. Wheat Barley Oats. Oats .Soja Beans ! Wheat. Wheat Pease Wheat. Oats Tares i Wheat. Wheat Red Clover AV^heat. Barley Alsike and Lucerne i Wheat. Rve . ". Summer-fallow 'Wheat. Results obtained in 1901. Soil, Clay Loam. 1 2 •s 4 5 G 7 8 0 lo 11 12 13 14 15 IG 17 lf< I'J 20 2l 22 Name of Variety. Size of Date of Plot. '. Sowing. 1 Soja Beans iPease Tares Red Clover Clover, Alsike and Lucerne. Wheat, Red Fife Oats, Banner Oats, Banner Wheat, Red Fife Barley, Sidne;,' Summer Fallow Oats, Bann T. . . . Oats, Banner Wheat, Red Fife. May May h acre . iMav 22 . . IG IG igI IC' GiAug. & „ Gi .. C .. Gl .. U4 xn "nK Kind Yiel 1 c of Head. pi-r Acre. c a> • In. ca S be ij 1 O iln. 34 'Ploughed under Aug. 21. 60 \ ,. July 20. 28 .. .. 10. 16 ., Sept. 3. 30 ., .. 3. 112 54 Strong. . 3^ Bald .... 101 51 .1 10 Branch.! 10 L 45 .• . . 10 1 .. ..! 112 54 .. 4 Bal.i ...' 101 40 1. .. 3 i-rowed. i r.2 32 8 3G Ploughed 7 inches deep on June 5, and cultivated 4 times during sumnier. G Aug Gl .. G .. G ., G .. G .. 15 101 48 Strong 10.1, Brand 1. 15 101 .50 lO.i ,, 2G 112 54 4 Bald. 2(4 112 .50 . 4 2G 112 51 . n 20- 112 5', . 4 'x; 112 52 4 25, 111 51 4 80 2G OS 8 43 44 43 18 43 2 42 IG 43 12 44 40 REPORT OF MR. ANGUS MACKAT 473 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 SUMMARY OF RESULTS FOR TWO YEARS. 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 10 17 18 19 20 21 22 Oats, Banner Wheat, Red Fife 0;its, Banner Wheat, Red Fife Barley, Canadian Thoriie Wheat, Red Fife Wheat. Red Fife Wheat, Red Fife Wheat, Red Fife Wheat, Red Fife Wheat, Red Fife Wheat, Red Fifp Oats, Banner j Barley, Canadian Thor[)e Wheat, Red Fife I Barley, Canadian Thorpe Soja Bean.s jPease, Golden Vine [Tares iClover, Common Red.. . ; Clover, Alsike and Lucern( Summer Fallow :ki :;;j' 11 2 4 20 11 5 9 44 10 50 19 30 18 20 11 20 8 20 10 40 7 40 9 14 4 32 4 30 9 4 Aug. 3 July 28 Sept" 10 Soja Beans, ploughed under Aug. Pease, m ., July Tares, „ ,i Red Clover, n m Sept. Clover, Alsike and Lucerne. Wheat, Red Fife Oats, Banner Oats, Banner [Wheat, Red Fife iBarley, Sidney I Summer Fallow, i)loughed June 5. jSummer Fallow, m [Summer Fallow, n Summer Fallow, „ Oats, Banner jOats, Banner i^Vheat, Red Fife Wheat, Red Fife 'Wheat, Red Fife Wheat, Red Fife : Wheat, Red Fife : Wheat, Red Fife 21.. Bush. Lbs. 20.. 10 3 5. . S8 97 91 38 50 80 98 43 43 43 42 43 44 i>2 32 8 36 20 8 44 18 2 10 12 40 EXPEKIMENTS WITH FLAX. Sowing different quantities of seed per acre and at different dates, summer-fallowed. Sown by hoe-drill. Soil, Clay Loam, Name of Vari( :.:-. ^f^i^^^ " Date of Sowing. Date of Ripening. >,ti Length Straw. Weight of Straw. Y'ield per Acre. Weight per Bushel. 40 lbs. iier acre 80 40 „ 8.') M 40 M 80 „ Acre. May 15.. .- 15 . ., 22. . „ 22.. M 29.. M 29.. Aug. 15.. M 15.. „ 20.. M 20.. t, 20.. „ 20.. 92 92 90 90 83 83 Inches. 30 30 30 30 30 30 Lbs. 2,480 2,(;80 2,900 3,380 2,520 2,720 Bush. Lbs. IS 12 17 38 19 30 21 30 21 4 22 40 Lbs. 50 rM 50" 553 .50 553 On account of the lateness of the season only three seedings were practicable. E.XPERIMENTS WITH WHITE FLAX. The experiment with White Flax, kindly sent for trial by Mr. Alfred Boyd, Toronto, Ontario, was continued this year, and although the season was very favour- able for ordinary flax, the white variety was a complete failure. The straw did not grow over 6 inches high, and very little seed formed. EXPERIMENTS WITH MILLETS. Seven varieties were sown on May 23, on l-20th acre plots of land fall-ploughed and manured. Cut for feed on September 5. in EXPERIMEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Variety. Length of Straw. Length of Head. Condition when cut. Yield per Acre. Italiuu .... Inches. 41 40 44 47 50 3.3 25 Inches. Not in head Tons. Lbs. 15 1,21S Cat-tail Headed 15 492 Hungarian Japanese Wliite Round French 4i 9 12 1,410 12 175 Headed 9 090 9 510 Pearl 7 520 EXPEEIMENTS WITH EAPE. Three varieties were sown on May 23, on l-20tli acre plots of fall-plougliiug, manured. Cut for feed on September 14. Variety. Length. Yield per Acre. Dwarf Essex. . ... Indies. 02 55 53 Tons. Lbs. 41 1,870 41 1,190 31 1,4.W EXPERIMENTS WITH CANAEY GRASS. (Phalarls canariensis). Sown May 15, on l-20th acre plot of fallowed land, cut August 26; time of mature, 103 days. Straw, strong ; 46 inches long. Head, IJ inches long. Weight of straw per acre, 3,060 lbs. Yield per acre, 25 bushels 30 lbs. EXPERIMENT WITH SUNFLOWERS. Mammoth Russian was sown on May 22 ; frozen September 17 ; height, 12 feet. Very few heads had matured before frost came, and tlie greater portion of the crop was lost. EXPERIMENT WITH SPRING RYE. Sown on May ll, on 1-40 acre lot of fallowed land. Ripe August 22 ; time to mature, 100 days. Straw, strong; 51 inches long. Length of head, 4 inches. Yield per acre, 52 bushels and 8 pounds. REPORT OF MR. ANGUS MACKAT 475 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 EXPERIMENT WITH SOJA BEANS. Sown on May 22, on l-20th acre plots of land manured and fall-ploughed. Cut September 14. No pods formed. Variety. Suja Beans. Distance between Rows. Inch 21 2S 35 Height. Inches. 38 39 33 Yield per Acre (Green). T(.n.s. Lbs. 7 1,550 (5 m> C 1,(305 EXPERIMENTS WITH HORSE BEANS. Sown on May 22, on l-20th acre plots of land manured and fall-ploughed. Cut September 14. The beans fully matured. Variety. Distance between Rows. Lenffth of Pod. Height. Yield per Acre (Green). English Horse Beans Inches. 21 28 35 Inches. 3 3 3 Inches. 5-1 50 5(i Tons. Lbs! 11 1,.325 11 3J4 11 1,.5S2 EXPERIMENT WITH TURKESTAN ALFALFA. This seed was sown in tlie spring of 1900, in one of the garden-plots, and came through the winter in perfect condition. Requiring the ground for Apple-trees, and not deeming the test a satisfactory one on account of the large amount of protection afforded the crop by the hed^,''es, it was ploughed under in May. In spite, however, of the ploughing and other cultivation, inany of the roots continued to grow during the summer, and produced a heavy crop of coarse feed, which the stock did not care for. HAY CROP. The crop of Hay secured from both Brome grass and Western Rye grass was very satisfactory. On recent seedings the crop was above the average and old fields produced a fairly good yield. Part of the fields of Brome-grass and Western Rye-grass where snow had accumulated, gave large returns and brought up the average of some fields, portions of which were exposed to winds, and were consequently bare of snow during the whole winter. A considerable acreage of both these grasses was left and cut for seed, which has been secured in good condition, free from foul seed of any sort. One and three-quarter acres, cut for seed, August 3. 4 6 EXPERIMEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 BROME GRASS (Bromus ine7-mis). 1 acre, first crop, cut Ju\y 30 ; yield, 4 tons 1.980 pounds per acre, 10 acres, first crop, cut July 30 ; yield, 1 ton 1,780 jjj^unds per acre. 6 acres, third crop, cut July 9 ; yield. 1 ton 435 pounds per acre. 14 acres, second crop, cut for seed July 31. AVESTERx RYE GRASS (Agropi/rum tencrum). Two and three-fifth acres, first crop, cut July 11 ; yield, 4 tons 500 pounds per acre. Three and a half acres, fifth crop, cut July 23. (Manured spring 1901). Yield, 4 tons per acre. One and three-quarter acres, cut for seed, August 3. MIXTURE. Five acres, mixed Brome and Western Eye grass, first crop, cut July 23 ; yieM, 2 tons 3G0 pounds per acre. NEW SEEUIXGS (1901). Fifteen and three-quarter acres Brome grass, sown June 19. Eleven and three-quarter acres Western Rye grass, sown June 18. One and one-quarter acres Western Rye grass, sown May 25. SEEDING AND CULTIVATION" OF BROME GRASS. For information regarding the seeding and cultivation of Brome grass the lullow- ing is quoted from the report of 1896 : — ' This grass is better sown alone ; at least it should not be sown with a grain crop. The grain takes too much moisture from the young grass-plants, only the most vigorous of which will survive the dry weather in September ; whereas, if sown alone all the plants have an equal chance, ' It is advisable to sow the seed on land that doss not blow. Summer-fallow would be the best preparation, but on account of its liability to drift it is not safe in many parts of tke Territories to use this kind of land. Stubble-land ploughed three or four inches deep in April or May, and well harrowed after the seed is sown is found to be quite safe from winds, as the stubble harrowed to th2 top prevents all drifting, ' Ten or twelve pounds of seed is required per acre. More seed will give a better trop the first year, but less afterwards, as the roots thicken up each year, and in three or four years this grass makes better pasture than hay, ' The seed being light, long and thin, seeding by hand is the only practieabk method unless seeders constructed for the purpose are available. To seed properly a calm day should be chosen, so that all parts of the land may be evenly sown. ' While the plants are young, weeds are sure to make great headway, and it is necessary to keep them at least from going to seed. The quickest way to accomplish this is to go over the field with a mower, cutting just above the grass plants. If this operation has to be repeated it will be necessary to cut the tops of the grass, but this will not injure the plants, in fact it is an advantage in the way of giving the roots a firmer hold, ' The first crop of hay can be cut the next year after seeding, and will, in ordinary years, be ready early in July, Twenty days after being ready to cut for hay it will be fit to cut for seed if so desired. REPORT OF MR. AXGl'S MACKAY 477 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 ' Oil this farm it has always been cut in first bloom for hay, and twenty days from this time it is considered in proper condition to cut for seed. ' In cutting for seed, a binder is used and the grass is cut, tied and stooked the same as wheat or other grain. In a week or ten days after cutting it is ready to thresh or store away. ' For threshing small quantities, the old-fashioned flail is suitable, but for large lots a threshing machine should be used on which the wind has been shut off as much as practicable. From three to six hundred pounds of seed may be expected from an acre.' EXPERIMENTS WITH FIELD ROOTS. The land for all the field roots, Including potatoes, was fallowed in 1000 by one deep ploughing and several surface cultivations to keep down weeds. In the fall after the ground was frozen, twenty loads per acre of well-rotted manure was spread evenly over the field and before seeding in the spring was ploughed in three inches deep and well harrowed. Frequent cultivation during the growing season was given all the roots. The yield was computed from the weight of two rows 66 feet long and 30 inclies apart. EXPERIMENTS WITH TURNIPS. A dry period ensued after the seed was sown and the second seeding did not germi- nate until after the rains on June 12. The catch of both seedings was very even, but after thinning, the turnip fly did considerable injury to the leaf on the first seeding, which was several weeks earlier than the second. No set-back took place after the second hoeing, and the weather being favourable for growth, a good crop of very fine roots was secured. The soil was clay loam, and twenty-nine varieties were tested. The first sowing was on May 21, the second on May 29, and all were pulled on October 11. 478 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS Turnips — Test of Varieties. 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Xame of Variety. Yield per Acre. 1st riot. Yield per Acre. 1st Plot. Ton.s. Lbs . Wonarcli Perfection Swede Selected Parple-top Webb's New Renown . . Sutton's Champion. . Shamrock Purple-top . Prize Winner Selected Champion Masrnnm Bonum Hall's Westbury Halewood's Bronze-top. Hartley's Bronze Prize Purple-top Elephant's Master . . . . Emperor Swede Skirving's Kangaroo West Norfolk Red top.. Imperial Swede Cham]jion Purple-top.. Mammoth Clj'de Giant King Ea.st Lothian . . .Tu?abo Marquis of Lome Bangholm P elected . . . Carter's Elepliant Drummond Purple-top. New Arctic 41 34 37 of) 34 34 33 33 33 32 31 30 30 29 28 28 28 28 28 25 25 25 24 23 23 22 22 21 20 104 144 1,900 1,808 1,G9G 1,300 1,452 584 43G 1,116 192 344 1,948 1,288 760 496 232 1,744 088 100 972 1,205 992 1,804 352 360 1,976 Bush. Lbs. 1.368 1,302 1,265 1,196 1,161 1,155 1.124 1,100 1,100 1,075 1,040 1,018 1.003 972 965 954 946 941 937 862 844 836 816 787 783 7tJ3 739 706 (,99 12 48 36 36 12 24 48 48 36 12 24 48 i2 36 12 24 12 3G Yield per Aci e. 2nd Plot. Yield per Acre. 2nd Plot. Tons. Lbs . 28 32 26 30 27 29 26 25 28 24 15 21 36 24 22 27 24 20 26 20 24 16 20 19 23 27 14 15 25 364 944 140 1,908 1,308 1,796 <132 952 1,156 840 1,896 1,.5G0 72 1,500 1,540 120 1,632 1,976 536 1,844 576 1,132 1,316 280 1,124 1,532 1,136 1,680 1,480 Bush. Lbs. 939 1,082 869 1,0.31 921 996 882 849 952 814 .531 726 1,201 825 759 902 927 699 875 697 809 552 688 6.38 785 925 490 528 858 24 24 48 48 36 12 12 36 36 i2 12 36 36 24 36 12 36 24 32 .36 EXPERIMENTS WITH MANGELS. As with the turnips the second seeding did not germinate until after the rains on June 12. Except on high places in the field, too much rain kept the soil cold and none of the varieties made much progress until the month of August. The roots were sound and fine and afford a large amount of feed. Twenty-five varieties were tested, sown on clay loam. Two sowings were made in each case, the first on May 22, the second on May 29, and all were pulled on Cctouer 1- REPORT OF MR. AA-GUS MACKA7 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Mangels — Test of Varieties. 479 Name of Variety. Prize Mammoth Long Red Ward's Long' Oval-shaped Canadian Giant Prize-winner Yellow Globe Lion Yellow Intermediate Half-long Sugar Kosy Selected Mammoth Long Red . . MaTnmoth Yellow Intermediate Giant Yellow Half -long (Jiant Yellow Intermediate . . . . Tiimiiph Yellow Globe (liant Velio w Globe Half-long Sugar Wiiite (4ate-ix).st Norbiton (Jiant Champion Yellow Globe Leviathaji Long Red Yellow Intermediate jMainmoth Oval-shaj^ed Yellow Fleshed Tankard Mammoth Long Red Gate-post Yellow Golden Fleshed Tankard Warden Oratige Globe.. Red Fleshed Tankard Did niit germif ■-<,;; n-ell. Yield per Acre. 1st Plot. Tons. Lbs. 30 29 28 27 27 27 20 26 26 25 2.5 25 24 24 24 2.3 23 2;{ 23 22 21 20 19 19 no 1,380 740 1,048 1.208 912 780 1,8.5G 1,328 308 952 292 28 1,308 972 972 1,.520 1.124 728 332 1,072 ],824 1.44S 940 10 1,048 Yield per Acre 1st Plot. Bush. Lbs. 1,023 978 9()5 48 928 915 12 913 897 30 888 48 871 48 849 12 838 12 8.-3 48 822 48 810 12 810 12 792 785 24 778 48 772 12 701 12 73i) 24 090 48 049 033 30 300 4S Yield per Acre. 2nd Plot. Tons. Lbs. 29 21 18 29 27 24 28 22 24 22 24' 26 27 17 21 22 17 25 28 19 19 18 22 24 8 740 1,500 108 80 1,572 180 1,810 880 576 1,930 444 992 384 1,940 504 1,804 1,640 1,612 l,.o52 1,804 1,330 900 1,012 708 230 Yield per Acre. 2nd Plot. Bush. Lbs. 979 .. 726 . . 602 48 968 .. 924 ■ 12 803 .. 903 36 748 . . 809 36 705 30 807 24 883 12 906 24 599 . . 708 24 7(53 24 594 . . 800 12 9.59 12 604 24 655 30 616 .. 750 12 811 48 270 2t) EXPERIMENTS WITH CARROTS. Neither of the seedings germinated until about the end of June, and in conse- quence the season of growth was not sufficiently long to produce a heavy crop, although the yield was much higher than was at one time thought possible. All varieties of field roots were sown by drill on the flat, on clay loam soil. Twenty varieties of carrots were tested. The sowings were made in each case, the first on Maj 22, the second on May 29, and all were pulled on October 1. 480 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Carrots — Test of Varieties. Kame of Variety. Yit'ld per Acre. 1st Plot. Ontario Champion 12 New White Intermediate I 12 Half Long White Iversou's Champion White Belgian Half Long Chantenay White Vosges, Large Short . . Mammoth White Intermediate. Green Top White Orthe Improved Short White Long Yellow Stump RooteJ. . . . Guerande or Ox-Heart; Yellow Intermediate Scarlet Intermediate Carter s Orange Giant Giant White Vosges Early Gem Long Scarlet Altringliam Scarlet Nantes Long Orange or Surrey 1.740 1,G08 1,344 1,212 810 81C 552 420 1,680 1,232 908 1,932 1,932 1,400 1,008 1,744 1,312 784 388 1,010 Yield per Acre. 1st Plot. Tons. lbs. I Bush. 429 426 422 420 413 413 409 407 394 387 382 332 332 323 310 295 252 240 239 193 lbs. Yield per Acre. 2nd Plot. 48 24 12 30 30 12 28 12 48 12 12 20 48 44 12 24 48 30 572 1,760 1,800 592 1,008 1,088 1,2.52 1,728 896 1,080 1,780 1,200 1,424 216 1,728 1,952 652 448 1,404 1,504 Yield per Acre. 2nd Plot. Tons. lbs. Bush. 376 39(5 231 343 394 294 354 228 281 418 363 220 290 203 228 299 244 174 224 1.38 lbs. 12 12 28 48 12 48 30 24 30 48 12 12 8 24 24 EXPERHIEXTS WITH SUGAR BEETS. Seven varieties of sugar beets were tested, all on clay loam soil, sown by drill ou the flat. Two sowings were made in each case, the first on May 22, the second on May 29, and all were pulled on October 2. Sugar Beets. — Test of Varieties. Name of Variety. Y^ield ' Yield per Acre, per Acre. 1st Plot, i 1st Plot. Royal (iiant Improved Imperial Red To;; Sugar Danisli Red Toj) Dan sh Improved Wanzleben Vilmorin's Improved Yield Yield per Acre. I per Acre. 2nd Plot. 2nd Plot. EXPERIMEXTS WITH POTATOES. Eighty-nine varieties of potatoes were planted in drills 30 inches apart, in which the sets were dropped 14 inches apart. The seed potatoes were kept in bushel boxes in a cool cellar during the winter. Large sets with two eyes each were used and planted after being cut four days. When planted and when tops were appearing, the ground was well harrowed and afterwards scruffled until the stalks were too large to permit of this work. The yield was computed from the weight of potatoes in one row, 1.32 feet long. REPORT OF MR. ANGUS MACEAY SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 481 A few of the early varieties did not germinate evenly and the yield was poor. The medium early potatoes have given the best returns for the past two years. There was no rot in any of the varieties. The cultivation of the land before planting was the same as for field roots. They were plaated on May 20, on clay loam, and dug October 3. Name of Variety. Character of Growth. Carman No. 1 Green Mountain Maggie Murphy Carman No. 3 .' Northern Spy Rural Blush 'Very strong. . . Average Size. Strong j Large V'ery largH General Gordon. Country Gentleman. . . Delaware American Giant American Wonder . . . Dakota Red New Variety, No. 1. . . Burnaby Seedling Irish Daisy State of Maine Dieer's Standard Chicago Market Rose, No. 9 Seedling, No. 230 Uncle Sam Quaker City Late Puritan Columbus Clay Rose Swiss Snow-flake Great Divide Cambridge Russet Lizzie's Pride Penn Manor Hoi born Abundance.. Bill Nye [. X. L Empire State Canadian Beauty Seattle Early Sunrise Seedling No. 7 Flemish Beauty Money Maker Pearce's Prize- winner. Sharpe's Seedling [rish Cobbler Troy Seedling Sabean's Elephant . . . . Early Michigan Hale's Champion Prize Taker . Reading Giant New Queen .' Pride of the Market Medium . Weak Large Strong i Very large . Verj' strong. . i inJ{. Oval, red. Long, dark red. white. jiink. Oval, red. II white. Long, white. Long, white. Oval, white. Long, dark pink. Oval, red. Long, red. Oval, white. fxing, white. II red. Oval, white. II jiiiik. Long, jiink. " red. 16—31 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Name of Variety. Bovee Reeve'.s Rose Sir Walter Raleigh Lee's Favourite Brown's Rot-prrof . . . . Early Six weeks . . . . . ]McIntyre Thorbum Early White Prize Rochester Rose Pearce's Extra Early . . .. Early Norther Enormous Earliest of All . . . Vanier Prolific Rose Early Ohio Daisy Rural, No. 2 Maule's Thoroughbred . Rawdon Rose Ohio Junior Earl}- Market Vick's Extra Early . . . . Bin pee 's Extra Early. . Everett Wonder of the World . . Early Andes Early Rose , . . . Early Puritan Character of Growth. A verage Size. Medium Medium Strong 1 M ^'ery strong . . | Very large Strong j Large. . . Medium Medium Weak I Strong I II Weak i 11 \'erj- strong . . « Weak Strong, Very strong . . Very large " . . Tiarge .... Strong i^'ery large, Very strong . . J n M ..Medium. Weak 1 Large . . . II ! Medium. Very strong . Weak. . Strong. . . . .Weak . I Very stron .Medium . .Weak Medium Large . Weak V'ery large Medium . Small . . . Medium . .'iniall . . . Large . . Medium. Very large Small . . Medium Total Yield per Acre. 416 40.T 308 396 31)6 392 302 302 390 390 379 375 373 371 369 366 362 334 31.5 311 309 300 308 292 292 281 268 260 243 177 Yield I Yield | per acre per acre of I of TTn- I Market-! market- ! able. able. Form and Colour. . . ( 369 20 375 56 390 48 377 48 371 32 371 32j 370 32 366 561 337 401 354 56 302 44 i 309 28i 285 20 1 281 481 277 40 264 16 16 36 48 16J 12 1 228 4 174 279 270 277 232 232 3.52 864 334 371 362 366 360 s x> P3 ^^ 46 56 29 52 8 32 19 12 25 36 21 20 12 48 25 36 28 24 25 36j 44 48 4 16 10 40 4 16 8 32, 29 52; 8 32 32 .. 6 24 25 36 27 44 23 28! 34 8' 12 48 21 20 4 16 36 16 27 44; 14 .56 2 8 Oval, pink. Long, red. Oval, white. Long, red. Oval, dark red. II pink. Long, blue. Oval, pink. Long, white. II red. Oval, pink. Long, dark pink. Oval, white. Long, pink. Oval, dark red. Long, dark pink. Oval, pink, liong .1 Oval, white. Long, red. II jjink. Oval ■■ Long II Oval ., Long, red. Oval, pink. Lone , red. white. THE VEGETABLE GAEDEK The past season was satisfactory for most of the varieties of Vegetables. Boets, Carrots, Celery, Onions, Pease, Beans and Parsnips were exceptionally good ; while Cabbage, Cauliflowers and Tomatoes did fairly well. Marrows, Squash, Pumpkins and things of J:his nature set a very light crop, but some very fair sized fruit was produced. Asparagus. On account of the dry weather early in the season, the crop of Asparagus was very light till rains came in June. Conover's Colossal — In use May 17 to July 15 Barr's Elmira — In use May 17 to July 25, Barr's Mammoth — In use May IT to July 25. REPORT OF MR. A^^GUS MACKAY SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Beans. — Sown in open. May 9- Variety. Green, In use. Imported Seed. Black Speckled Fame of Vitry — Canadian Wonder Dwarf Emperor of Russia. Dwarf Extra Early Tuly 31.. M 21.. Aug. 1 . . July 21.. M 19.. Experimental Farm Seed. Detroit Wax Dwarf Kidney Currie's Rust-proof. Stringle.t. 1.. Aug. 20.. „ 28.. „ 2S.. „ 20.. Sept. 1.. Aug. 20.. 20 . ,, 30.. ,, 30.. Sept. 1.. Large CITROXS. Sown in hot-house, April 4 ; transplanted, April 21 ; set out, May 17. Red Seeded. — Weight, 8 pounds ; crop, fair ; small, even-sized fruit. Preserving. — -Weight, 5 pounds ; crop, fair ; small, even-sized fruit. PUMPKINS. Sown in hot-house, April 13 : transplanted, April 22 ; set out, Ma3" 17. Connecticut Field. — Weight, 41 pounds ; crop, good ; large, fine fruit. Winter Surrey'. — Weight, 35 pounds ; crop, good ; large, fine fruit. PARSNIPS. ne 20. Sown, April 25 ; in use, October 1 ; taken up, October 1. Hollow Crown. — 233 bushels per acre ; large, fine roots. Elcomb's Giant. — 144 bushels per acre ; large, fine roots. PEPPERS. Large Red. — Sown March 28 ; fair crop, but did not ripen. RADISHES. First seeding, April .30 ; in use. May 25. Second seeding, May 30 ; in use, Ju Forcing Varieties. Turnip Scarlet ; good variety. Scarlet White Tipped ; good variety. Deep Scarlet ; good variety. Deep Scarlet Short-leaf ; good variety. Turnip Varieties. Early Scarlet, Early Scarlet White Tipped, Deep Scarlet, Early White small ; Very Early Yellow. All good varieties. REPORT OF MR. ANGUS MACKAY SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 489 Olive-Shaped. Scarlet White Tipped, Half-long Deep Scarlet. All good varieties, but on account of the dry weather early in the season, none of the Radishes germinated properly. Winter. Russian white, large, good ; Black Spanish, large, good ; China Scarlet, small. PARSLEY. Sown May 2 ; in use, July 1. Did well. SAGE. Sown May 2 ; in use, July 1. Made good growth. TOBACCO. Sown in hot-house, March 29 ; transplanted April 22 ; set out. May 22 ; frozen. September 17. Not mature. RHUBARB. Victoria, in use from May 26 to September 15. Did well, good crop, fine stalks. Linnaeus, in use from May 26 to September 15. Did well. NEW SEEDING. Giant and Linnaeus, sown May 1 ; transplanted July 25. Made good growth. THE FLOWER GARDEN. The flower garden was never more beautiful or so long in bloom as during tho past season. Commencing on May 5 with Tulips, Crocuses and Pansies, a succession was kept up with Annuals and Perennials until November 2, when heavy frosts during several nights killed a large bed of Pansies, which never looked better than during the last week of October. The Tulips did not make as good a showing as in former springs. Hot, dry weather set in just as they were coming in flower and a few days, from 14th to 19th May with temperature ranging from 85 to 95 degrees in the shade, killed the bloom. All other Perennials, especially the Iris and Paeonies, did particularly well. Annuals. — Propagated in hot-house. Sown in hot-house, March 27. Variety. In Bloom. Set Out. From Agrostemiiia ', May Amaraiithus Sujierbus j » M Tricolour j n II \Vilk)w-leavec] Ageratum, Mexican Dwarf Adonis Veriialis Abronia Unibellata Aquilegia Clirysautlia Nana 22.. June 29 . 22.. July 20. 22.. „ 20. 22.. 1, 20. 22.. ,, 8. V 30.. ■ luly IG. 80 To Sept. 17. I. 17. ,. 17. ., 17. M 17. 17. M 17. 17. Remarks. Did well. Small pink. Some fine plants. Fine border plant. Did not grow. Very fine flowers. Did not grow. 490 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS AxxuALS — Concluded. 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Variety. Set Out. .^nothera Drummondii ^^^Y Aster, Large Flowering „ Pyramidal Bouquet M LUliput I, Perfection „ Half-dwarf „ Queen of the Market „ Mixed I, Criant Comet „ (^ueen of the Earliest I, .1 apanese Tassel ,, Imbricated Pompon Briza Maxima Balsam. Double Chrysanthemum, Double ,, Frutescens Car. Hyb Coreopsis, Drummondii „ A-tkinsoniana Cosmos, Hybrid Celosia, Pyramidalis „ „ Mixed Candytuft Canterbury Bell ! • ■ • • Centaurea Odorata -^^*y Calendula ' " Dianthus, Mixed . . ■ „ Chinese Double „ Plumarius Double „ Chinese Single Dahlia, Single Dwarf Delphinium, Elatum „ Dwarf Candelabra . . . ,, Large flowering Dianthus, Marguerite „ Indian Pink ... „ Mixed Gaillardia, Grandiflora „ Picta Godetia, Mixed Tall Mixed „ Splendens Gypsophila elegans Helichrysum ........ ■•• Hollyhock, Double Mixed Iberis Gibralteriana Lobelia Linum Gr.*ndiflorum Marvel of Peru, Mixed. „ Variegated Nigella Nicotina Sultan Marguerite Sweet Alyssum Stocks, German Large ,. Double ,, Victoria Verbena, Hybrid Salpiglossis Scabiosa Swan River Daisy • • ■ • Phlox, Mixed ,, Dwarf Zinnia, Double Petunia, GrandiP.ora „ Giant of California ,, hybrida flore pleno. . . Portulaca, Double Mixed I»r Bloom. From To Remark.^. 30.. 27.. 27.. 27.. 27.. 27.. 27. 27. 20. 20. 3J. 30. 30. 30. 30. 30. 30. 30. 30. July 6. 9. !». „ 9. 9. , M 9. 9. 9. 9. 9. 9. ; >, 9. I „ 15. 'June 15. 'July 5. 5. 5. June 20. ,t 20. ,. 20. I July 20. M 20. June (i . 'Sept. 17. 1 .. 17. I „ 17. ' - 17. - 17. I .. 17. 1 n 17. ' „ 17. 1m 17. ;; i: Sept. 17. .. 17. » 17. .. 17. 39. 30. 30. .30. 30. 30. 21. .30. .30. oO. 30. 30. .30. 30. .30. 3). .30. 30. 30. 30. 30. 3*). 3). .31). 30. 3). 23. 21. 2s! 2 * 20 ! 20. 20. 21. 30. 30. 30. 21. 22. 22. 22. 22. 'Sept. 17. :i :: T .July 5 . June 20. July 5 . Aug. ,July 9. 30. 30. 30. June 20. „ 20. i „ 14. I „ 14. I M 14. ;July 8 j „ 20. Sept. 17. - 17. .. 1 „ 1 ■■ 17 M 17 .. 17 (Fine flowers. I All varieties did well and the I display throughout the season y was very fine. Were in full bloom when frozen on Sep- I tember 17. V^ery pretty grass. Very fine bloom. I Very strong growth but flower.s r were small. A good display of bloom. Very strong growth. Good plants. Very fine showing. |Did not germinate. jVery fine showing. Fine, large bloom. ^:l Sept. 17, „ 17 „ 17 ,. 17 >. 17 M 17 -. 17 Aug. 15 June 22. July S. I „ 21. i „ 21. .. 5. June 29. 2 j.Sept. 27. ' ti 17. Sept. i7. ; M 17. i „ 10. ' „ 17. iJuly 24. 24. 24. 1. 20. (Sept. 17 u 37 ., 20. June 16. „ 16. M 22. » 20. ,. 20. M 20. July 10. Sept. 17. „ 17. „ 17. ., 17. ., 17. M 17. ., 17. „ 17. ., 17. ., 17. Tlie four varieties made an ex- cellent show. Did well. Did not do well. Made excellent show. Very good show. Did w^ell. Good show. Small, tender pink flowers. Some fine flowers. Made fair growth. Very pretty late in season. Did well. Good border plant. Did fairly well. r Stronggrowth. Very fine flowers. Did well. Prettj' flower. Did fairly well. Ver}' fine bloom. Fine bloom. \ Made very fine show. Flowered r till frozen, and some of the ' s])ikes were very beautiful. Made good show. Some good flowers. Did well. Did well. Very pretty flower. Very fine show. .Some large blooms. Extra fine. Did welL REPORT OF MR. ANGUS MACKAY SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Anxuals — Sown in the open. 491 Variety . Sown. In Bloom Remarks. Ilelianthus. . Nasturtium . . 'iweet Pease. Vo])py Ageratum . . . Alyssimi. . . . Aster. . . . . May Antirrliininn Candytuft California Poppy C'hrysanthemum Coreopsis ( 'alliopsis Centaurea Ifelichrysum Dianthus Linuin Grandiflorum. Swan River Daisy. . , . (iaillardia White Swan Poppy. . . (Jysophila Elegans . . . M ignonette I'lilox Drummondii. . . Zinnia Marigold Sal[)iglossis 4.. July 25. 4.. ,, (!. 3.. ,, 20. 7.. „ 30. 4 4.. July 1. 4.. ,, 1.5. 4.. „ 10. 4.. „ 5. 4.. „ 10. 4.. „ 12. 4.. „ 8. «.. „ 8. 6.. „ 8. 6.. „ 20. 6.. „ 15. 6.. „ 8. 6.. ,, 15. 6.. II 15. 6.. „ 10. 6.. „ 10. (5.. „ 1. 4.. „ 10. 4.. „ 8. 4.. „ 23. 4. " 20. Good growth, large blossoms. Good shov\', fine blos.?um3. Did well after rains came. Did not do well. Seed did not germinate. Good show. Some fine blooms. Very fine. Good show. Did not do welL Fine show. Large blossoms . Good show. Very fine blooma. Good show. Small pink flower. Did well. Fin? large bloom. Made fme show. Some very fine bloom. PERENNIALS (OLD BEDS). Beds of. Pansles, Sweet William, Larkspur, Columbine, Lychnis and Everlasting Pea, came through the winter in good condition and flowered freely during the season.' The Pansies and Sweet William were particularly fine, the former continuing to bloom until frozen solid in November. BULBS Tulips. In bloom on May 5. On account of hot dry weather, when Tulips came in bloom, the flowering was irregular ; the flowers were small, and some dried up before opening. Gladioli. Transplanted May 29 ; in bloom July 21. Were in full bloom about the end of July, and the bed was one of the most attractive in the garden. Cannas. The following varieties were set out on May 20 and came in bloom July 15. Some of the specimens were magnificent in bloom. The following were tested : — Austria, Allemania, Aphrodite, Asia, Burbank, Baron de Poily, C. Bernardin, Comte de Bouchard, Explorateur Campbell and Florence Vaughan. 492 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWAKD VII., A. 1902 Dahlias. In bloom on July 1. Twenty-two varieties were tested and some very large and beautiful flowers were grrown. Among the finest, were : Liliputian, Little Pigmy, Snow-elad, Woman-in-white and Cactus Queen. The latter was very like a Chrj'santhemum, and had not the stiff appearance gener- ally noticed in Dahlias. The following were also tested : — Bird of Passage. Co'.hineal. Chairman. Chimson Beauty. Constance. Clifford W. Burton. Fairy Queon. Gem. Hector. Herbert Turner. Herbert. ilohn Sladd T^yndhurst. Lady Antrobus. Manias la Villa. Mrs. Pecrt. Mrs. Langtry. Neme;vis. Perfect Vallosc. Sambo. Victory. Wm. Agnew. Iris. Of the Iris received from the Central Experimental Farm, and planted in 1900, the following died during the winter of 1900-01 : Iris Gcrmanica, •' Asiatica, " goldeitstadtiatui coeruiesccns, The following maintained a very fine succession of bloom from May 24 to July 20, and on account of the deep green of the foliage, the bed was attractive during the whole season : 7ns pUcata Lord Seymour, " " Reine des Beiges, " " Swertii, Iris amce la, Crebillon, „ II Mrs. H. Darwin. ,1 11 Julia Grisi. „ II Maria Theresa. „ „ Victor Lemoine. •I aurca. „ Balkana. M hi flora. I. biijluviis. ,. lilondovi. .. cristata. II chamaeiris. II tnsata. I, Havcsccns. „ Jlorcntina. I, furcata. I, Germanica. Verschuur. „ iiirjuntca. I. Hangarica. ,. neykctt, Agathe. „ 11 Arlequin Milanais. ., II Hericartiana. I, 11 Sappho. I, nudieaulis. II oricntalis. II oxiipcUxla. II piUlida. II prisnuuica, I, pumila. Irispumila cincrca. II II (iracilis. II II lutca. II ruthcnic:i. II sibirica. II II alba. II II haeraatophylla. II II violacca. II squakns. „ II Bronze Stoffels. II II Dina. II II Hector. ,1 II La Marmora. II II La Tristesse. II II Minerve. Tarquin. xarieyata. Arquinto. Coquette. Dariu.s. Gracchu.s. Henry Havard. Honorabile. Innocenza. Paiicrace. Samson. Souvenir. Minos. PERENXIAL PHLOX. In May, 1900, 23 varieties were received from the Central Experimental Farm, and planted. The following lived through the winter but made very little progress this year : Phlox decussata Sorpillum. Phlox dpcnssaia. New Dwarf White. Phlox reptans. REPORT OF MR. A^'GVS MACKAY SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 PAEONIES. 493 Of the 33 varieties received from the Central Experimental Farm, and planted in May, 1900, 17 died during the summer of that year or the winter of 1900-01. The following varieties came throngh the winter in good condition and formed a very attractive bed during the season. Some of the white varieties were very fine. Paeonia sinensis, Thorbecki. 11 11 Souvenir de rEx]i. Universelle. 11 II Mons. de Villeneuve. 11 11 Albiflora Tliorbecki. II .1 Officinalis Miitabilis. II . II Professor Morren. II II Festiva Maxima. II II De Candolle. Paeonia sinensis, Mntabilis. II II rubieunda albo marg. 11 II rubra plenissima. II II Festiva. II II iJuchess d'Orleans. ■I II Aiiibroise Verschaffelt. II 11 Prosjier d'Aremberg. II II L'Eclatante. HERBACEOUS SPIREAS. Twelve varieties w*ere planted in the spring of 1900, but not a single plant lived through the winter. OTHER PEREXXIALS. A fair proportion of the large list of sundry Perennials received last year from the Experimental Farm, Ottawa, came through the winter in good condition and bloomed this 3'ear. Following is a list of the varieties living at the end of this season : — Achille.i uiillefoliinn rubrum. u Sibirica Blush. White. II Ptarmica fl. pi. Acorus spurius. Asarum Canadense. Ajug.i reptans atropurpurea. II Genevensis. Aster Novise Anglife roseus. II II Newry seedling. II II Top Sawyer. II II W. Bowman. •1 II White Queen. Asclepias tuberosa. Awteniisia steHarianum. Boltonia hitisquama. 11 astei'oides. Chelone barbata. Clematis recta. CoreopsiswJelphinifolia. Centaurea montaiia alba. II niacrocephala. Campanula Rainerii. Doronicuni Chisii. Erigeron nuacranthus. Funkia lancifolia. • u Sieboldiana. Geranium macuJatuni. Helenium grandiflorum. Heuchera sanguiuf a. Hemerocallis Dumortieri. 11 fulva. II Kwanso fl. pi. II variegata fl. pi. II Midendoriii. 11 disticha fl. pi. II graminifolia. Helianthus Maximilian.a. II giganteus. II autumnalc. Lupinus polyphyllus. Lilium superbum. Lysimachia nummularifolia. 11 punctata. II elethroides. Poteriuin officinale. Pyrethrum uliginosum. Phalaris arundinacea fol. var. Physostegia Virginica alba. Rudbeckia laciniata. Sempervivum Bouliciaiium. Symphitum asperrimuin. Sidalcea Candida. Solidago giganti a. II rigida. Thermopsis fabacea. 11 Caroliniana. Veronica spicata. 1 \'irginica. II elfgans carr.ea. TREES AXD SHRUBS. The trees and shrubs on the Farm have never been in a more healthy and vigorous condition than during the past season. There being no spring winds or frosts to in- jure even the most tender varieties ; all made a rapid and strong growth from the start. Every tree and bush on the Farm was in full leaf on May 24. The growth during the season was remarkable in all species and varieties. Maple trees and hedges, willow hedges and elm trees made from 4 to 6 feet, and all new wood was well ripened before winter set in. 494 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Unfortunately, in September, a very heavy storm of wet snow broke down a good many varieties of trees and shrubs and was particularly severe on the hedges, several of which were flattened to the ground. As far as possible the snow was shaken off by hand, but with the miles of avenues and hedges on the Farm, the extent to which this work could be carried on was comparatively small. Of the shriibs, the Siberian pea-tree, lilacs, honeysuckles and spireas did par- ticularly well. The lilacs were a mass of bloom beginning May 19 and made by far the best showing we have ever had. The same, in fact, was the case with all shrubs, but the lilacs so much surpassed any former year, that they were very noticeable. Like the trees, all varieties of shrubs thoroughly matured their wood and are in good condition to stand the winter. The distribution of trees, tree seeds, shrubs and shrub seed was larger than usual last spring, but the demand was ver3' largely in excess of the supply available for that purpose. A fungus destroyed the maple seed throughout the greater part of Assiniboia, this year, and the seed for distribution had to be obtained from Manitoba. The trees on the Farm bore more than sufficient seed to supply all applicants, but it was rendered useless by this fungus. Ash, elm and caragana seed was abundant and good, and a sufficient supply has been secured. THE DISTRIBUTION" OF SEEDLING TREES BY THE FORESTRY BRANCH OF THE DEPARTIIEXT OF THE INTERIOR. The Department of the Interior, Ottawa, having decided to grow trees for distri- bution among the settlers of the North-west Territories, fifteen acres of land on the Experimental Farm was granted by the Department of Agriculture for the use of the Forestry Branch, under Mr. E. Stewart, superintendent, for the purpose of raising seedling trees. This land was in good condition ; but when the maple seed was sown, a very dry spell set in and only a small proportion of the seed germinated. In addition to the maple, seed of elm, birch, ash and caragana arborescens was sown, and cuttings of poplar and willow planted. A great many, thousand trees will be available for distribution next spring, and by the spring of 1903, with the additional land taken, there should be many hundreds of thousands ready for the same purpose. In the past twelve years the demand for trees and shrubs from the Exparimental Farm has been far greater than the supply ; and it will tax the resources of the Forestry Branch to meet the demands, which are steadily on the increase, for frees for the southern portion of the Territories. It is not intended to curtail the extent of the Experimental Farm distribution, and from the number of applications already received, more material than ever will be required for the coming spring ; but the Experimental Farms have received instruc- tions to render the Forestry Branch every assistance in the good work they have undertaken. AKBORETUM. ft The Arboretum made good progress during the season, and as many of the species and varieties are now flowering and fruiting, it is becoming one of the most attractive Bpots on the Farm, Following will be found a list of the species and varieties at present under test, with date planted, and notes as to hardiness. Those which have come through one or more winters without injury, or with very slight injury to the tips only, have been marked ' hardy ' ; where the new wood has been killed back to one-half its growth, such REPORT OF MR. ANGUS MACKAY SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 495 are said to be ' half hardy,' and those which have had their wood killed by winter, to the ground, have been noted as ' tender.' The list also includes a number of varieties which were received and planted last spring. Of course no opinion can be expressed at present as to the hardiness of these. Name. Acantlioixinax ses.siliflorum Acer dasycar(niiu II Negundo !i platanoides II saccharinum II II Minnesota seed No. 1. M tataricum Ginnala Alnus gliitinosa II II imperialis II viridis Amelanchier alnifolia Amorpha canesceiis Artemisia Abrotaniim II II tobolskianum Berberis amiirensis aristata cerasina cretiua ... Fischeri ilicifolia .... Sieboldii .sinen.sis Common Name. White maple Box-elder .\orway majile Rock oi Sugar maple . (xinnalian maple Common alder Imperial cut-leaved alder. Green alder .... Alder-leaved June-berry Lead plant Old man Amur Barberry . Cretan Barberry. Holly-leaved Barberry Siebold's n Chinese n European White Birch . Pyramidal Birch Cut-leaved n Young's Weeping Birch. Sweet Birch. Woody caragana Large-flowered caragana Dwarf caragana Climbing Bitter-sweet. Hack-berry Thunbergi Hybrid No 2 vulgaiis iberica II japonica II foliis purpureis II violacea Betula alba ... 1. II fastigiata ... II .1 laciniata pendula II M pendvila Youngii II davurica II (from Niemetz) II lenta 11 jxipyrifera ....iPaper n ..... II i)opulifolia White n II pumila 'Low i Caragana arborescens , Siberian Pea-tree. II Chamlagu II frutescens II 11 mollis glabra 11 grandiflora 11 microphylla pygniaea •1 11 aurantiaca Celastius scandens Celtis occidentalis Clematis flanmiula 'Sweet-scented Virgin's buwer II lignsticifolia j II vitalba .Common traveller's joy . II viticella I Cornus alba Sibirica Siberian Dogwood ... variegata . 11 aiaomum II I'aileyi II sanguinea II Spathii Golden 11 stolonifera . Cotoneaster acutifulia II integerrima ■1 la.xiflora M No. 10 (Niemetz) Variegated Common Cotoneaster. Planted. Remarks. 1900 Nearly hardy. 189(3 Half hardy. 1895 Hardy. 1890 Half hardy. 1899 „ 1897 Nearlv hardy. 1895 Hardy. 189G Half hardy. 1899 Tender. 189G ,, 1895 Hardy. 1900 Half hardy. 1895 „ 1895 „ 1899 Hardy. 1896 Half hardy. 1896 Hardy. 1899 Nearly hardy. 1896 Half hardy. 1896 Tender. 1898 Half hardy. 1896 ,, 1897 1, 1899 Nearly hardy. 1899 ,1 1899 Half hardy. 1896 Tender. 1897 Nearly hardy. 1895 Hardy. 1899 Tender. 1899 „ 1900 Half hardy. 1896 Hardy. 1898 Half hardy. 1899 Nearly hardy. 1896 ,, 1899 ,, 1899 Hardy. 1895 II 1900 ij 1895 1896 1S96 „ 1901 1896 „ 1900 ,, 1898 Half hardy. 1901 1898 Half hardy. 1898 Hardv. 1898 Half hardy. 1901 1897 Hardy. 1897 1897 Nearly hardy. Tender. 1899 Hardy. 1897 Half hardy. 1899 Tender. 1896 Hardy. 1899 ,, 1806 „ 1899 „ 1898 .. 4% EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Name Crataef^iis clilorosarca. II coccinea .... .. Crusgalli Cockspur thorn. ,1 nigra ' II Oxyacantha sibirica „ No. 9 (Niemetz) ^ II sanguinea Cy tisus biflorus I II capitatus II nigricans „ .1 longispicatus •I sessilifolius | Elaeagnus angustifolia Russian Olive ■I argentea Wolf willow Euonymus atropurpureus Burning bush ,1 europeus ■ ■Common spindle-tree . ., obovata... Fraxinus americana II berlanderiana II nigra II pennsj-lvanica ,1 II lanceolata .1 quadrangulata Genista tinctoria Sibirica (Jleditschia triacanthos inermis (lymnucladus canadensis Hipp)ophae rhamnoides ... . Hydrangea paniculata, grandiflora Laburnum alpinum Ligustrum aniurensis . .... . M vulgaris fol. aureis variegatis ... Lonicera Alljerti II fclauca II gracilipes II hirsutus II Periclymenum II punicea II ruprechtiana 11 Sullivantii II tatarica II Xylosteum Memispennum daxiricum Neillia opulifolia Ostrya virginica Philadelphus deutziaeflorus ,1 grand iflorus ,1 hybriduH Lem Boule d'Argent. „ Keteleerii flore pleno Photinia variabilis arguta Pyrus aria flabelliformi.s II baceata 11 rotundifolia II americana 11 auciiparia „ Maulei ... ... Prunus Maximowiczii ... . pennsylvanica .1 pumila II demissa II grayana I, Alaackii II serotina Populus alba nivea .. „ .1 pyramidalis II balsamifera II berolinensis II certinensis II deltoidea I, M aurea II nigra ,1 II betulaefolia White ash . . . . Berlander ash . Black ash . . . . Red ash Green ash Blue ash Kentucky CofTee-tree. Sea-buckthorn Amur privet Albert Regel's Honeysuckle. Glaucous-leaved Hairy Honeysuckle. Woodbine Tartarian honej'suckle . Ninebark Ironwood Large flowered Syringa. Siberian crab. American Mountain ash. European « « Maule's Japanese Quince Wild Red cherry . . . . Western wild cherry. Wild Black cherry Pyramidal Silver jwplar Balsam poplar . . . . Cotton-wood Golden-leaved poplar. Ijlack poplar Planted, 1890 1896 189G 1900 1897 1898 1897 1899 1899 1899 1898 189(> 1895 1895 189G 3896 1899 189G 1897 1899 1895 1899 1897 1899 1900 1898 1901 1896 1899 1899 1899 1896 1899 1898 1899 1901 1899 1901 1901 1896 1899 1900 1900 1899 1896 1896 1899 1900 1899 1897 1896 1900 1896 1896 1899 1899 1895 1895 1895 1896 1896 1S99 1896 1896 1895 1895 1896 1895 1901 1898 1896 Remarks. Hardy. Tender. Hard}'. Half hardy.- Tender. Half hardy. I Hardy. jHalf hardy. JTender. Nearly hardy. Tender. Hardy. Tender. Tender. Half hardy. Tender. Hardy. Tender. Hardy, Tender. Hardy. Hardy. Half hardy. Tender. Hardy. Tender. Hardy. Half hardy. Hardy. Half hardy. Hard J'. Nearly hardy. Hardy. REPORT OF MR. ANGUS MACKAY SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 497 American aspen . Shrubby Cinque-foil Scarlet Oak Mo.ssj'-cni) Oak Common Buck-thorn Smooth Sumach. Mountain Currant. Missouri Currant White-flowvred Currant. Populus nigra Nolesti M jietrowskyana .... II suaveolens II tremuloides 11 WoUstii Potentilla fruticosa t^uercus coccinea !• niacrocarpa Khamnus cathartica II crenata II davuricu II Frangula II No. 13 (Niemetz Rlius glabra. Kibes alijinuni II n pumilum . . II auroum . M II tenuifiorum . II cereum M grordonianum II robustvnn II (from Cj'press Hills). II Sibirica Kosa blanda. I, californica j II ferruginea ; Purple leaved Rose II lugosa |Japanese Rose II villosa poniifera | Rubus balfouriana [ II cuesi\is Sanibucus canadensis iCommon Alder. . II nigra aurea nova |... . II II foliis aureis, ... II II heterophylla II II Swindonensis | II No. 45 (Niemetz). | (Blue-fruited from B.C ■ 1 nigra virescens .... ... Slieplierdia argentea . . . ... Halix alba argentea II II britzensis 11 aurea pendula II Bataviae . . Caprea Common Name. Smooth Rose. Buffalo Berry .Silver leaved Willow. II daphnoides It longifolia argyropliylla. II Nichiilsoni purpurescen! II nigricans 11 pentandra II purpiirea pendula . . II rubra ftirbyana II Salamoni II trianilra II Voronesh Spiraea arguta . II chamaedrifolia II discolor II japonica alba Bumalda. . . . II II s\ipcrba .... II media II salicifolia II sorbifolia n tomentosa II Van Houttei Symphoricarpus Heyeri II racemcsus... Syringa chinensis II Jo.sikea II pekinensis Ooat Willow. Violet Willow Dark broad leaved Willow. Laurel leaved Willow Voronesh Willow. White-beam leaved Spiraea , Japanese Spiraea White Japanese Spiraea. . . Common Meadow-sweet . Sorbus leavt^d Spiraea . . . Hard-hack Snow-berry . . . Rouen Lilac. . JosiJ pendula P.scudotsuga Douglasii Picea alba .1 11 ooeruloa .. variegata alcucki.ana .\ltock's Spruce. . e\celsa N'orway Sjiruce. I, II pendula major ,, . II pyramidalis I. nigra I. obovata schrenkiana ■I pungens. II 11 glauca rinus Cembra Stone Pine. II Laricio nigricans . Austrian Pine montana .Mountain Piup ... „ ■ I, ^lughu.s Dwarf Mountain Pine I. sylvestri.s Scotch Pine Thuya occidentalis White Cedar „ ,1 Hoveii Hovey's Arbor-vitie . . „ „ Meehani Meehan's Arbor-vit.e.. I, II Columbiae „ 11 Wareana Ware's Arbor- vit;c . . . Pyramidal Norway St)ruce. Black Spruce Rocky Mountain Sjiruce 1901 1899 1899 1899 1899 1899 i89r) 1895 1895 1901 1899 1898 1895 1899 1899 lilOl 1899 1895 1899 1895 1890 1895 1899 1895 1895 1900 1900 1899 1899 Remarks. Hardy. Hardy. Hardy. I Hardy. I Half hardy. Hardy. Half hardy. Hard\-. Half hardy. Hardy. i Hardy. Tender. : Half hardy. Hardy. Half hardy. Hardy. Tender. Nearly hardy. Hardy. Nearly hardy. Hardy. Hardy. Tender. Nearly hardy. Tender. Nearly hardy. I Hardv. 'Tender. Nearly hardy, j Half hardy. I Nearly hardy. I Half liardy. jTender. Nearly hardy. m'A'ORT OF MR. ANGUS MACKAY ?499 ■SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Sample Hedges, The sample hedges did well this year. The following varieties have heeii added to the last list : — Celtis Occidentalism Cornus Stolonifera, Abies Balsamea, Picca Nigra, Juniperus Communis, Picea Coerulca. FRUIT TREES AND BUSHES. The season was most favourable for fruits of all kinds with th? exception of black currants and strawberries, and the crops of crab apples and plums were the best ever produced on the Farm. Nearly all varieties came through the winter in good condition and blossomed freely. Warm weather with a sufficient amount of rain, rushed the fruit forward and with the exception of a few varieties of late plums, everything had matured before the frost of September 17, which was hard enough to ruin all unpicked fruit. No damage was occasioned by insects, except in the case of plum trees which were attacked by an Aphis in July. The trees were sprayed twice with kerosene emulsion, and so far as could be observed, did not sustain much injury from the attack. SEEDLING APPLES. The two seedlings each of Tonka and Arctic, planted in the spring of 1899, have continued to do well. The trees we're alive at the tips this spring and made strong growth during the season. In 1900, six trees each of Wealthy, Blushed Calville and Hibernal, received from Mr. A. P. Stevenson, Nelson, Manitoba, were planted. Four Wealthy and two Blushed Calville lived through the winter and made fair progress this season. GRAFTING. Last spring scions of hardy apples anJ Ci^b apples were received from Mr. A. P. Stevenson, Nelson, Manitoba, and top-grafted on the Pyrus Baccata and Pyrus Pruni- folia which were planted in 189G, and have been fruiting for two or three years. Thirteen trees were top-worked by Mr. Geo. Lang, vv^ith from 4 to 10 scions each. The following grafts struck and made strong growth during the season : — Two Hibernal on Pyrus Baccata Maciocarrux. One Antonovka on Pyrus Prunifolia. Three Anisette on Pyrus Prunifolia. One Lieby on Pyrus Baccata Cerasiformus. • Two Transcendent on Pyrus Baccata Macroearpa. FRUITING. CRAB APPLES (Pi/rus Boccato). Planted 1896. The trees wintered well and by May 18 were a mass of bloom, A strong, healthy grovvth has been made during the season and the wood ripened fairly well before winter set in. The heavy snow storm on September 23, 1901, did con- IG— 32J g-jQ EXl'ERIMEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 fciderable damage to the limbs and branches, but on account of the upright character of most of the trees the breakage was not so severe as to cause permanent injury. The varieties have all grown well and continue to be perfectly hardy. The notes following are confined to fruiting. To test the fruit a considerable quantity was made into jelly and pickles, and for either of these commodities nothing better could be desired. The astringency of the fruit disappears in the jelly, and the acidity can be overcome by the addition of sugar. INDIAN HEAD SEEDLINGS. Pyrus haccata genuina — - Three trees fruited ; ripe September 10 ; fruit about size of Baccata.'* Colour yellow with red cheek ; rather acid and slightly a;^tringent. Pyrus haccafa cerasifonnis — Ten trees fruited ; ripe September 5 to 10 ; fruit larger than Baccata ; crop, heavy ; generally acid and astringent. Pyrus Ijaccata macrocarpa — Seventeen trees fruited ; ripe September 5 ; fruit generally considerably larger than baccata and the best grown this year. Notes taken on one of the best of those read as follows : — Kow 4, No. i.— Fruited lightly ; fruit one inch in diameter ; colour, red. streaked ; fiat ; Calyx persistent ; fiesh juicy and very slightly astringent ; excellent quality. The best crab apple grown this year. Pyrus haccata sanguined — Four trees fruited ; ripe September 1 to 5 ; early ; generally smallfr than baccata ; slightly acid and moderately astringent ; fiavour good but fruit small. Pyrus prunifolia — Eleven trees fruited; ripe September 5 to 10; generally about the size of baccata, juicy, acid and astringent. SEEDLINGS RECEIVED FROM CENTRAL EXPERIMENTAL FARM, OTTAWA. Pyrus laccaia sanguinca — Three trees fruited ; ripe Seirtember 12 ; considerably larger than baccata ; juicy, slightly bitter and moderately astringent. Pyrus haccata auraniiaca — One tree fruited ; size of baccata ; red, slightly bitter and astringent, but juicy and of better flavour than the average. Pyrus haccata macrocarpa — One tree fruited ; ripe September 18 ; larger than baccata ; light crop ; yellow with red cheek, juicy, acid and astringent. Pyrus prunifoUa intermedia — Onf^ tree fruited ; ripe September 11 ; a little larger than baccata ; liglit crop; red juicy, acid and slightly astringent. »The ordinarj' form of P. baccata has fruit about the size of a large cultiva-.ed cherry. liEVORT OF MR. AAGL>V MAVKAY 501 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Pyrus haccata cerasifovmis — Four trees fruited ; ripe September 10 to 20 ; generally about the size of baccata ; rather flat in form ; juicy, red, astringent ; medium crop. Pyras haccala gcnuina — Five trees fruited ; ripe September 5 to 10 ; fruit generally smaller than bac- cata ; juicy, slighlly acid and very astringent. IIYBRIU CRAliS. (Planted spring of 189S and 1899). Were transplanted in 1900 to a new location. The transplanting was fatal to many of them. This spring two trees of cross-bred seedling Xo. 9(3 ; 5 trees of Xo. 95 ; 1 tree of No. 51 ; and 1 tree of No. 529 were alive. Of the six each of the five varieties of hybrid crabs produced at the Central Ex- perimental Farm, sent as root grafts, and planted in the spring of 1900, only 1 Progress, 4 Charles, 1 Prairie Gem, and 1 Novelty, survived. These trees are now, however, well established, and will probably' make rapid pro- gress next season. A large number of cross-breds, seedlings of cross-breds, with other seedling Pyrus trees were received from the Central Experimental Farm last spring. Some of these ^vel•e planted in a new orchard and others were put temporarily in nursery rows to be planted out later. NEW PYRUS ORCHARD. A new Pyrus orchard was commenced this year, south of the Superinteiident's house, in a plot well sheltered on all sides by hedges, in which the following were set : SEEDLINGS, Two No. 171 ; 3 No. 167 ; 1 No. 198 ; 1 No. 162 ; 1 No. 30 ; 1 No. 107 ; 4 No. 165 ; 1 No. 142 ; 1 No. 161 ; 1 No. 192 ; 1 No. 184 ; 1 No. 183 ; 2 No. 193 • 4 No" 175 ; 4 No. 520 ; 1 No. 19 ; 2 No. 142 ; 1 No. 79 ; 1 No. 12 ; 1 No. 45 ; 2 No. 116 '; 1 No. 132 ; 1 Eastman ; 1 Aurora ; 2 Cavan; 2 Belmont ; 6 Rupert ; 4 Hunter, and 1 Carleton. The following were also set out to the south of the old Pyrus orchard. Unless otherwise marked, all there were sent from the Central Experimental Farm : — 4 seedlings of Pyrns haccata cdulis. 5 Row 13, No. 1. 3 Pyrus baccata x Krimskoe. 0 Se<^dlings of Aurora. 4 H X Ball's winter cr^ib. G Row 0. No. 1. 2 H xPewaukee. A Pyrus prunifoUa fructu coccinca. 4 seedlings of Hunter. 4 Pyras Sicboldii. (1850). 10 M Progress. A Pyrus Mains, A. A. (■) M Hyslop Crab. (From Stevenson.) ^seftAYmgs oi Pyrus Mains pcndula, A. A. 2 .1 Sweet Russet Hybrid. (From Steven- 3 „ Philip's sweet crab. (Stevenson). son). 4 J '^yrus bctt deck }Iio. 7 „ Eastman. 4 .1 bac cata. A. A., 13!». .1 TranscendentCrab. (From Stevenson), . 4 ,, „ jla va. 1 .1 Virginia Crab. n 4 ,, „ spccta b il is floridu s. 5 " Minner^ota Hybrid. n 4 ,, „ saayuinifi. G „ Novelty. 4 ,, „ spcctabilis inr, 1(>15. 4 .1 E.aton. 4 „ ,, A. A. « ,. Cavan. 5 i> pru, aifol ia, rar, 139. 4 Rupert hybrid s.-uid cherry. Most of these are doing well. 502 EXI'ERI.MEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 PLUMS. The crop of plums was the heaviest so far grown on the Farm. In many cases tho branches had to be propped np to prevent breaking from the weight of fruit, and in some instances even this did not save them. Sixty per cent of the fruit ripened before frost came. The Aikin plum which was so early in 1900, was again the first to ripen ; but did not prove to be of first-class quality, the fruit being soft and rather tasteless. Seedlings of Hungarian — Planted 1894. — Came through the winter in good con- dition. Eleven trees blossomed for the first time, May 19, and set a heavy crop of fruit. Only three trees ripened before the heavy frost on September 17, and it is feared that these are too late to be valuable for the Territories. Xotes. — Eow 2, No. G — Eipe September 15 ; medium crop ; small, yellow, acid. Row 4, No. 4 — Ripe September 1-3 ; light crop ; medium size ; yellow, of good flavour, but coarse in texture. Row 4, 'No. 5 — Ripe September 1.5 ; a light crop ; size, medium ; yellow ; of ex- cellent flavour and texture. Seedling of Spcer — Planted 1895. — Wintered in good condition. Blossomed liglitly on May 17, and fruited lightly for the first time. There was no fruit ripe on this tree on September 17. Seedling of De Soto — Planted 1895. — This wintered in good condition, and blossomed and fruited heavily. The fruit was of good quality and flavour. Rip.' Sep- tember 13. Seedlings of "Weaver — Planted 18f:4. — Wintered in good condition and came in bloom May 20. Fifty-one trees fruited, and on tli2 whole the crop was an excellent one. The fruit was generally a little later in ripening than the Manitoba ISTative Plums, but that on 27 trees was ripe and pulled before the frost came on September 17; on twelve others nearly ripe and picked on the 16th ; consequently there was a large proportion of the fruit secured in good condition. About 25 per cent of the trees produced fruit of good size and excellent quality and flavour. Fifty p?r cent were of n^edium size, generally thicker in the skin, but of good flavour and texture ; and the balance were small and of poorer quality, al- though there were exceptions in all the cases. The following notes on individual trees are chosen us being fairly representative of the three classes : — Large Sized Sorts. Row 1, Xo. 4. — Ripe September 10. A heavy crop of large, fine fruit ; yellow sweet, juicy, with a thin skin. Row ], Xo. 16. — Ripe Sejitember 12. A heavy crop, large, pear-shaped, yellow, red on the sunny side, juicy, and of very fine flavour and texture. Skin, medium. Pro- bably the best plum grown on the Farm this year. Medium Sized Sorts. Rov>- 4, Xo. 15. — Ripe September 15. A hec:vy crop of mediuni sized fruit, yellow. juicy, slightly acid, but of good quality ; skin mediimi. Row 2, Xo. 6. — Ripe September 17. A medium crop : fruit of medium size, yel- low and red, juicy, good flavour, sweet ; skin of medium thickness. Small Varieties. Row 2. Xo. 17. — ^Ripe September 15. A medium crop ; fruit of small size, yel- low, End of fair flavour and texture ; thick skin and very small stone. UFA'OltT OF MR. ANGUS MACKAY 503 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Ail-in Plum. — Planted 1S9T. — Wintered in good condition. Blossomed May 15. lipe [September 1. Considering the size of the tree, the crop was a heavy one, and it attracted a great 'eal of attention during the latter part of the season. Although th3 Aikin may not be f quite as fine flavour as some of the Weaver seedlings, it is as large and ripens a .'3W days earlier, which would be very much in its favour in a short season. This variety is undoubtedly a valuable one for the Territories ; and all the pits ave been preserved for planting. Eollingston seedling— Planted 1807.— Blossomed lightly May IT.Produced a light rop of small, red fruit, which did not ripen before frost. MAMTOB.V XATIVK PLUMS. (From Thos. Frankland, Stonewall, Manitoba.) Wintered in good condition and came in bloom May 17. Crop good. A considerable quantity of the crop of fruit ripened this year was sold for pre- serving or canning and samples were sent to" different parts of the Territories. It is gratifying to know that some of the seedling plums distributed to settlers during the past six years are now bearing fruit ; several samples having been, very kindly, sent in by the growers. PLUM TREES RECEIVED FROM C TfAS. LUEDLOFF, COLOGNE. IMINN., U.S.A. Planted 189G. — Came through the winter in good condition and blossomed on May 20. Name. Crop. Charles Downing JLiglit. . T'eed Heavy. . . Ciiy Medium . ( 'a/lord Heavy.. . Ciescent City I i Weaver i n . . . , New Ulm JAght. ... Van Denian !Mediuni . . Milton IHeavy. Anthony Light. Irene Deep Creek Heavy. . . . Purple Yosemite. Cottrell Medium Heavy. . . Light. , . . Medium , Weaver Van Buren [Light. Newman I Heavy Dr. Dennis iLight. Yellow Sweet Ocheeda Col. Wilder American Eagle . . . De Soto Crescent City Neil's . . Wood Dunlap No. 1 Peffer's Premium. . . liarge Red Sweet . . . Hammer Heavy. . . Light. . . . Heavy . . . Medium Heavy. . . Light. . Heavy. Large . . Medium Large Medium . . , Large Medium .. . Small. ... Medii Large Small.... Meilium Largre . . Small. . . , Medium Large . . . Small. Medium . . Small Silas Wilson. City Richland. . . . Light ! Medium Medium .... I n Light Large . . . Heavy Small. . . . 1 Medium Colour. Texture. Yellow , ICoar.se. Xlood. . Flavour. Excellent. . Good %(' ' Excellent. ^ ellow jQoarse JGood " I " I Medium .. Good I Excellent. Good . Medium Red ... Yellow [Coarse.. , (lood. . . . Yellow j(;ood. Red...;;!;;! ;; ; „ i ,^ Yellow ;;;;;; ,; ; Excellent. Medium .. Excellent. Good... . (iood iExcellent. I Good. jFlxcellent. R.d .... ^Yellow . iRed.. [Yellow Medium I i ood . . . . Medium Ivxcellent. I- . . ... Medium .. Med i inn Coarse . . . Good . . . 'Medium Date Sept. Fn Sept. Frozen Sept. Sei)t. Frozen. Sept. Frozen. Se|.t. Frozen. Sept . (5 (5 8 10 10 10 10 10 10 13 14 1:-) 13 k; 1,5 1.5 13 13 15 13 1.5 504 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 CHERRIES. Seedling of Carnation — Planted 1894. — Wint'^i-cd in jrood condition. Made strong growth, but did not fruit. Seedling of Lithaur Weiehsel — Planted 1S94. — "Wintered in good condition. Made strong growth during the season, but did not fruit. See'Jling of Olivet — Planted 1895. — One tree v/inter-killed to ground and was taken up and destroyed; the other came out in good condition and made fair growth. Mahaleb. — Planted 1895. — One tree was killed slightly at tips; the other wintered in good condition. Did not blossom. Seedling of Wild Cherry from Nebraska. — Planted 1S9G. — Apparently now quite hardy. Blossomed and fruited lightly. Fruit like Prunus Demi?sa, but larger. Rocky Mountain Cherry. — Planted 1895. — Hardy. Fruited heavily, but fruit is small and too late. Prunus Pumila. — Hardy. Medium crop of fairly good fruit. SMALL FRUITS. The crop of small fruits, with the exception of Black Currants and Strawberries, was above the average; and some excellent fruit was secured. Rust struck the currants, but as the fruit was well formed, little or no damage was done. WHITE CURRANTS. White Grape, White Dutch, White Transparent and White Imperial were under test. All were hardy, made strong growth and produced excellent crops of fruit. RED CURRANTS. Fay's Prolitic, Raby Castle, Red Dutch, L?. Conde, Knight's Early Red, Xew Red Dutch, Native Red, London Red, Victoria, Fertile d'Angers, Cherry, Prince Albert, La Fertile, Versailles, North Stav, Pomona and Wilder, under test. Came through the winter in good condition. A large crop of fruit set, which ripened r-nher unevenly, but on the whole the crop was above the average. BLACK CURRANTS. Lee's Prolific, Black Naples, Prince of V7ales, Crandall, and the following of Saunders' Seedlings, Stewart, Orton, Clipper, Kerry, Eagle, Monarch, Charmer, Beauty, Winona, Ontario, Standard, Lewis, Ethel, Stirling, Star, Madoc, Perry, Eclipse, O:;- ford. Climax, all wintered in good condition and made very strong growth, A very light crop of fruit set, but any that matured was of superior size~and quality, RASPBERRIES.. Dr. Reider, Philadelphia, Turner, Caroline, Lady Anne, Garfield, Miller's Red and Keuyon came out of winter covering in good condition and blossomed very freely. The crop was fair. The fruit of Dr. Reider, Miller's Red and Philadciiihia was vt ry large and of excellent s are often made as to wliat should be done after tukin'g off the first cron on new land, tlie principal being as to whether th;- land should be ploughed, or culti- vated, or sown without any cidtivation whatever. This, however, can only be determined by circumstances. In districts with heavy clay soil; a satisfactory crop may be expected from burning the stubble of the former crop and sowing with or without cultivation ; although a shallow cultivation after thi stubble is burnt usuall.v gives the best results. In districts with light soils aud especially with gravelly subsoil, cultivation be- fore seeding- is necessary. After taking the second crop from breaking or back-setting, there can be no doubt that the land sliould be well fallowed to put it in proper condition for succeed- ing crops. If the fallow is well made and the process is repeated every third year the settler will have started on the right road to future success. CATTLE. The herd of pure-bred cattle on the Farm is growing slowly and needs new blood to improve its quality. When the Ilolsteins were dispensed with there were only six pure-bred Short-horn females on the Farm, and from these the increase has been very slow, from the fact that the calves have been nearly all males, which have been sold or sent to other Ex- perimental Fai-ms. At present the herd consists of thirteen pure-bred Short-horn females and four bulls, and one bull each of the (Juernsey and Ayrshire breeds. There are also eig:hteei grades. A few first-class Short-horn females are greatly neeJed to keep the herd on the Farm up to the requirements of the country. Fifteen Short-horn grade steers have been purchased this fall for use in a feedin-^ test which will be carried on during the winter. Since last report, the following pure-bred male has been sold for breeding purpose: Short-horn ' Strathcona,' to A. Isbitter, Fort Qu'Appellc. TEST OF DI'niORXIXG STEERS. During the autumn of 1900, fifteen 3-year-old steers were obtained from ranchers in the vicinity of Indian Head for use in the test of the practicability of dehorning- On November 27, after a preparatory feeding of forty-two days, a sixteen weeks' test was commeaced to determine : 508 EXI'EIilMEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 l«t. What loss, if any, is occasioned by the process of dehorning, and 2nd. If feeding loose in a box-stall, rendered possible by dehorning, has any advan- tage over stall-feeding. On the above date, the fifteen animals were divided into three lots of approximately equal weight : — Lot Xo. 1. Five steers, left in a natural state and tied up. Lot Xo. '2. Five steers, dehorned (by sawing off horns with a small hand-saw) and tied up, and Lot Xo. 3. Five steers, dehm-nccl (by the same method as above) and put in a loose box. The three lots received a uniform ration throughout the test, which consisted of : — During the first four weeks, each auininl per day- Pounds. Ensilage (made from green oats) 10 Straw (wheat) 12 Meal 4 JJuriiig second four weeks, each animal per day — Pounds. Ensilage (made from green oats) 16 Straw (wheat) 12 Meal 8 During third four weeks, each animal per dny — Pounds. Ensilage (corn) - 16 Straw (barley and oat) 12 Meal 10 During fourth four weeks, each animal per day — Pounds. Ensilage (corn) 10 Straw (barley and oat) 12 Meal 12 The straw was cut and the meal consisted of two parts of ground barley to one part of ground wheat. The steers were fed three times daily, and watered twice. For a few days after the operation, no effect of the dehorning was noticeable on the animals; but after that time they all went off their feed and for about a week were apparently very sick. The recovery, however, was rapid. Following will be found a statement of the monthly and total weights and gains of each lot of steers during the period of the test ; weights and gains made by the bunch during the whole period (October l.'» to May 10; the total amount and estimated value of feed consumed during the same time, and a summary of the financial results of the transaction : — REPORT OF MR. AyClS MAC KAY 509 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 MoXTiiLY and total weights and gains of each lot of steers during the period of test. Lot. Weight at Start of Test. Lbs. 0,390 6,400 0,400 1st Four Weeks. 2nd Four Weeks. 3rcl J'our W.m1^s, 18 bags, 1 pound each. Small-seeds, 705' packages, containing 7,986 pa. shrub-seeds, flower-seeds, root- eeeds, garden-seeds and corn. Pruit-bushes, 145 packages. Tree and shrub seedlings, 217 packages. Fruit bushes and tree and shrub seedlings, 146 packages. Rhubarb r.oots, 98 packages. Express packages, 43, containing maple trees, 755 ; elm, 140 ; artemisia, 1,000 ; seedling plums, 190 ; sundry shrubs, 900. CORRESPONDENCE. During the twelve months ending October 31, 1901, 5,410 letters were received, and 5,333 mailed from this office. In letters received, circular reports on grain and other samples are not counted, and in letters mailed, circulars of instruction sent with grain and other samples are not included. METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. Month. HlOHEST TEMrER.\TLRE. Lowest Temi>erature. Snow- fall. R.VINKALL. Hours of Sun- On Degrees On Degrees Inches. No. of Days. Inches. shine. Novenib(*r. 1000. 1 .'')•:> 20 31 1 4 4 17 C. 7 2 .s 28 31 —28 -32 -37 —29 —20 — "J 28 31 44 30 22 15 10 8 15 3 9. 17 .52 G 17 38 42 2 January... . February. . . jMarcii 1001. 13 2S 1 30 17 1 12 2(; 2 35 40 42 7!) fi.j M ^0 ill .^1 .50 ■ G 107 7 124 G 7 2 12 10 0 G 1 1-43 •87 5-62 5-82 •0 4 tl 1-58 139 3 293-8 ""25" J44 5 Jniv 222!) AHgi;st 230-5 80-5 Octolit-T 20 1 75 159 0 80 38 20 22 1G57-2 NOTE.— The rainfall in April and September includes meltel snow. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant. ANGUS MACKAY, Suparintendent, Scenes on P^xperimental Farm, Agassiz, B.C. 1. Apple tree in fruit. 2. Part of Orchard on i-ide of mountain. ,4. Hydrangea paniculata. 5. Cluster of cherries. 3. Hedges. 1-2 EDWAKD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 A. 1902 EXPERIMENTAL FARM FOR BRITISH COLUMBIA. EEPORT OF THOMAS A. SITAEPE, SUPERIXTEXDENT. Agassiz, B.C., Nov. 30, 1901. To Dr. W-Ar. Saunders, Director, Dominion Experimental Farms, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour herewith to submit my report of the experiments carried on and progress of the general work of the Experimental Farm for the year 1901. The season has been on the whole a favourable one for hay, grain and root crops, but unfavourable for fruits. January was rather stormy, alternating between snow, and rain, the year opening with snow on the ground, and there were several falls agre- gating nineteen inches, which lay until the 11th, when it began to rain. From then to the end of the month there was a little over five inches, but it was never very cold, the lowest temperature being on the 9th, when it reached 11 degrees above zero. February was milder, and fairer, the rainfall being only 2| inches, and the snowfall 7 inches, the lowest temperature was on the fifth when it registered 16 above zero. March was milder, 6 degrees of frost on the 21th being the lowest point reached, but there were seventeen rainy days, and the rains were cold, and very disagreeable. Peach, apricot, nectarine, almond, and early blossoming plums were in bloom in the last few days of the month, and the last 8 days of the month were stormy, which was injurious to the fruit blossoms. April opened witli a fall of two inches of snow, followed by rain storms up to the 5th when there was another snowfall of two inches, and the month continued cold and wet, there being fourteen rainy days with the prevailing winds from the north, north- east and north-west, with light frosts on a number of mornings. On the 18th the tem- perature fell to 28 which was disastrous to the fruit crop generally. May continued cool, and rather wet with rain storms on thirteen days and the wind mostly from the north. June began with rain on the first nine days, and cool westerly, and north- westerly winds, rain fell on 21 days, there were only 80 hours of sunshine in this month. Under these conditions, it was almost impossible to cure clover hay, and growth up to tlie end of this month was backward. July was fine, clear and bright, there being only seven showery days with a rain- fall for the month of 11 inches. August was dry and warm throughout, it being the first month since the meteorological records have been kept at this station, that there was no rain to record, and only a few cloudy days. September was another beautiful month, with about 1^ inches of rain, and the lowest temperature recorded was 35 on the 28th. There were a few light showers on the 10, 11, 12, and 13th of October, and bright warm days up to the latter part of the month when it began to rain and rained pretty steadily up to the close of the month. The first frost of the season came on November 11, up to which time it had rained very frequently from the first. The rainfall as a whole has been much the lightest for some years, but the nuni1)(>r of rainy days in the winter and spring months has been greater than usual, especially in the months of April, May and June, and as the prevailing winds in those months were from a northerly direction, they were usually cool months, and unfavourable for thp !7rov,'th of fruits. 16—33 513 514 EXPEIilMEyTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 In July a new circular silo 15 feet in diameter and 30 feet deep was put up in the barn, and is now nearly filled with corn. The old silo which was put in when the barn was built had decayed on the inside, and was no longer fit for service. THE FRUIT CHOP. The fruit crop has been a poor one owing to the very unfavourable spring weather, and as a result few trees set fruit, and the continued rains in May and June prevented effective spraying and in consequence scab on apples and brown rot of the cherry and l)lum, seriously damaged what fruit did set. HEDGES. The sample hedges have made satisfactory growth and are very much admired, and of great interest to visitors to the Farm, and many examine them with a view to a selection for their own places. FOREST AXD TiMBER TREES. The forest trees planted in the shelter belt continue to make vigorous growth, and the nut and timber trees planted on the mountain sides are making fair progress. ORNAMENTAL SHRUBS AND TREES. The ornamental shrubs and trees have done well this season, having made a fine growth, and the flowering shrubs and trees have been very beautiful with a wealth of bloom from early spring, beginning with the Forsythias early in March, and ending with the Japan Hydrangeas which arc still in bloom. NUT TREES. The English, Japanese, American and Heart-shaped walnuts all fruited this year. The Spanish and Japan chestnut trees also produced a few nuts. The crop of filberts was as usual a very poor one and the blue jays carried off many of the nuts before they were fully ripe. Owing to the poor cropping of the filberts and the depredations of the blue jays, which are very plentiful in most districts, it is not at all likely to became a popular bush to plant. Most of the nuts saved have been distributed to fMrmers who want to try a few trees on their own farms. The hardshell almonds did not fruit this year, and the soft-shell varieties, althougli rtiost of them are fairly large trees, have never borne fruit and may be regarded as useless in this climate. DITCHING. The ditch mentioned in my last report has been extended 720 yards further, and the part previously dug has been deepened and widened. Part of the ditch dug this year was very difficult as owing to ridges to be cut through between sloughs it was in some places over 8 feet wide on top and more than that deep, these deep places are being boxed with 2-in. fir plank and will be filled in. REPORT OF MR. THOMAS A. SHARPE 51& SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 This was necessary on acconnt of the inconvenience of so deep and wide an open ditch and the trouble in keeping it open on account of the sides caving in. The ditch has ah'eady done good service and land that in some places was formerly covered with water all the year was firm and solid this autumn and will be fit for culti- vation in another j^ear. CLEARING. About fifteen acres have been cleared of brush and timber and seeded to clover and orchard grass. A very fair catch has been obtained and it will make considerable pasture next season. About 1,200 yards of wire fencing was put up last spring enclos- ing the new land, and a piece of bush which it is intended to clear in the same way. LIVE STOCK. The cattle bought last year for feeding were sold during the winter and spring, except three head, a grade milk cow and two young steers. The young shorthorn bull then on the Farm has been sold and a fine young one sent from Ontario in his stead. At the' same time fourteen registered shorthorn heifers wei'e sent out, six of these were forwarded to the British Columbia Dairymen's Association's sale at Victoria and sold, leaving at present on the Farm fourteen i^ure bred shorthorns and four grades. SHEEP. Since my last report a Dorset ram has been added to the stock and one young ram sold, and we have now nine ewes and one ram. PIGS. The stock of pigs at present consists of one pure bred Berkshire boar, one Berk- shire sow and six young pigs. Two Tamworth sows and eight young pigs and four cross-bred pigs. There is more call for pure Tamworth stock now than at any previous time, and wherever they are introduced they are well thought of. BEES. The bees did not winter well and two feeble swarms were all that came through. A new queen was got for these in the spring and the two colonies united. This gave three swarms, and we have now four colonies that arc well supplied with honey and should go through the winter in good condition. POULTRY. There are five breeds of poultry on the farm: Light Brahmas, White Wyandottes, Silver Laced Wyandottes, Barred Plymouth Rocks and Black Minorcas. All the poultry are healthy and thrifty, and the chickens strong. A Cyphers incubator was procured last April of 120 egg capacity. By the first hatch we had G5 strong chickens out of 88 fertile eggs. The incubator was filled again, and out of 95 fertile eggs there were hatched 50 chickens. 16— 33i 516 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 The Minorcas prove the best layers here and their eggs are large, but the chickens arc rather delicate and difficult to raise as they feather so young. The Brahmas are good laj-ers and the chickens are hardy and easy to raise. Th.e parent stock should be kept thrifty by having a large run, a variety of food, and change of male bird every year. It is always necessary for the heavy breeds to have a large run, otherwise their eggs will not hatch well, neither will their chickens be strong. The Barred Plymouth Eocks have done very well ; they lay nearly as well as the Brahmas, and their eggs produce strong chickens, which matured a little earlier than the Brahmas. They make a fine lot of even looking pullets and cockerels. Only one of the B. P. Rock chickens died of illness. One B. P. Eock cockerel weighed 6 lbs. at five months old, and a Brahma cockerel of same age weighed 51 lbs. A Silver Laced Wyandotte and White Wyandotte cockerel w-eighed each 5| lbs. at five months' old. These chickens were well cared for but were not fattened and were always at large, when the weather was dry. The Silver Laced Wyandottes and White Wyatidottcs are good fowls, both for eggs and chickens, but are not quite so profitable here as the Brahmas and B. P. Eocks. The Poultry are all allowed to run at large, except when put into pens for breed- ing purposes, from January 1 to July. They are comfortably housed and regularly fed, but are never forced either for fattening or for eggs. In allowing the hens to run at large not only are they much better and healthier than when confined, but they also pick up many injurious insects on the lawn, and in the fruit orchards. When the weather is fine they go a long distance from the hen house, and are a very great benefit to the whole farm in picking up grasshoppers and other insects. EXPERIltEXTS WITH OATS. Sixty-three varieties of oats were sown in the uniform test plots. All were sown April 18 at the rate of 2i bushels per acre, on sandy loam which had been in pease in 1900 following clover. The size of plots was one-fortieth of an acre. There was very little rust and no smut, and the sample is a very fair one and the yield in most cases very good. The weight per bushel is obtained by weighing a half bushel of the oats as they come from the threshing machine. Six plots were also sown with Banner Oats iising different quantities of seed per acre to ascertain what effect this might have on the crop. REPORT OF MR. THOMAS A. SHARPi SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Oats. — Test of Varieties. 517 Name of Variety. Goldtn Tartarian Black Beauty . . Wide Awake Holland Buckbee's Illinois Lincoln Holstein Piolitic White Schonen Early Golden Prolific . . Salines Hazlett's Seizure Salzer'ti Big Four Cream Egyptian Danish Island King Brandon Abyssinia Early Gothland Russell Master Early Blossom American Triumph Oderbiuch White Russian Olive White Giant.... California Prolifiv lihu.k Early Archangel Tartar King Abundance Oxford Scotch Potato Impro\ed Ligowo New Zealand Bonanza Golden Beauty Banner Prolific Black Tartarian Pioneer Siberian. ... Pense Goidtinder Golden Giant American Beauty Black Mesdag Milford Bavarian. Thousand Dollar Improved American .... Flying Scotchman Longhoughton Wallis Wavi rley Cromwell Mennonite Mil'er : . Rosedale Joanette Early Maine Kendal Columbus Sensation Newmarket Date of Ripen- ing. 124 121 123 124 124 120 124 120 123 120 124 125 124 12G 125 120 125 120 !1 12G 118 125 120 120 120 120 123 125 124 120 120 124 124 120 125 125 lis 118 118 124 118 124 120 120 8 112 101120 141118 1G120 1G120 14|ll8 20124 14J118 141118 120 118 120 1G120 14118 14118 1G120 1G120 14118 1C120 Medium Stiff. . . . Slender. Stiff.... Medium Stiff.... Medium Stiff... Medium Stiff.... Mediuni Stiff.... Medium Stiff.... Medium Stiff,...' Medium Stiff.... Medium We'.ak . ; JNIedium Weak . . Medium Weak . . Stiff.... Medium Stiff...! Mediuni Weak . . Stiff.... Medium Stiff. . . . Medium Weak . ; Medium Weak . . Medium Stiff...; Medium Kind of Head. Sided...., Branching Sided. . Branching Sided. , . . Brancliin: Sided.. Branching Sided.. Branching Sided. . Branching Sided. . Branching Branching Sided. . . . Branching Sided. . Branching Sided. 8 7 7 8 8 9 8 9 9 8 8 9 9 10 10 10 8 7 9 7 10 10 7 9 9 8 11 9 G 9 G 8 6 G 9 8 ^ 8 [Sided, 9 I Branching 8 G Branching Sided. .; Brancliin Weight Straw. Lbs. 6,280 5,700 5,5G0 6,400 6,000 5,200 6,720 0,320 5,200 0,200 6, GOO 3,600 5,720 6,410 (!,600 3,400 6,400 5,880 6,210 6.000 5,040 6,080 6,400 4,240 4,000 4,480 0,400 4,200 4,040 6,400 6,200 5,200 4,600 4,800 6,200 5,600 3,300 4,000 5,800 6,480 5,920 4,200 4,480 4,400 3,200 5,200 6,000 4,400 4,320 4,280 5,200 3,680 4,720 4,640 5,120 4,640 4,240 5,000 4,880 3,560 4,800 4,880 4,240 Yield per Acre eq 103 101 100 97 95 94 94 93 93 92 91 91 91 91 90 89 89 89 88 87 87 SG 86 85 85 82 81 81 80 80 80 78 78 78 77 77 77 77 75 74 74 73 Lbs. 35f 36] 35.J 30 35 34i 35" 34i 36] 36] 35i 34i 351 ! 35"! 34=^; 3i:| 36^ 3G" 35 34 35 34 35 34 34 34 34 34J, 34" 34 34 35 34 35 34 34i 35' 34i 34 34 34 34 34i 35" .35Ji 341 34" 34 351 .36" 34 35 341 34 34 35 34 34 351 35" 34 34 Rusted. Slightly. None. Slightly. None. Slightly. None. Slightly. None. Slightly. None. Slightly. None. Sligiitly. Js one. 518 EXPERIMEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Oats. — Effect of using different quantities of seed per acre. 1 . Ci. o o o Name Seed Date Date P-S _ sj Character ^•n Kind -» 5: Yield cf per of of "^ 5 ^ *- of of ■^2 per Variety. Acre. Sowing. Rijiening. ►SS §'^ Straw. gS Head. »» Acre. (j G,(iO() 5,920| Yield Ijer Acre. Bush Lbs. 52 51 SO 51 10 50 40 50 40 50 49 20 4> 40 48 40 47 20 47 20 47 4G 40 4G 40 4(; 30 AC, 20 4G 10 45 20 45 20 Lbs GO^ GO^ Gl GO.i GO'' Gl GO GOl Gl-* GO., (iO* Gr-i GO GO GO REPORT OF MR. THOMAS A. SUARPE SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Spring Wheat. — Test of Varieties. 521 Name of V^ariety. Date of Sowinj: Cassel Colorado. . Vernon Ked Fern Hungarian Australian No. 25 Benton Huron Preston Robin's Rust Proof.. . Advance Minnestta No. 181.... I'ringlc's Champlain.. Red Swedish Pishop Beauty Minnesota No. 1-19.... Praser Ladoga Weldon Plumper Admiral Australian Nu. 10. . . . Red Fife Mason Japanese White Fife . . Australian No. lo. . . . Angus Crown Australian No. 27. . . . Speltz Dawn Progress Minnesota No. 103. . . Nor\ al Campbell's White Chaff White Russian Idenheim Goose Monarch Herisson Bearded .... White Connell Percy Dion's Rideau Wellman's Fife Clyde , Rio Grande Harold . . Byron Beaudry Apr. 22. Ki. 10 1«. IG. 22. 22 W. K). 22. h). 10. Ki. k;. o-> Uk 10. 10. 10. 10. 10. 10. 22. IG. IG 22. IG. 22 22 ; 10. 22. IG. IG. 10. 16. IG. 10. 10. 10. 10. 10. IG. 10. 10. 10. 10. 10. 10. 10. 10. 10. IG. Date of Ripening. 2 '='^ o.S Aug. 21.. .. 10.. M 13.. M 20.. „ 20.. „ 17.. M 10.. M 19. . ., 17.. ., 17.. ,- 13.. M 20.. M 19.. „ 17.. „ 20.. M 17.. „ 20. M 12.. M 12.. „ 10.. M 20.. ,. 19.. M IG. . M 17.. „ 19.. „ 19.. M 17.. „ 17.. M 15.. .. 19 . M 17.. July 29.. Aug. 17.. M 19.. „ 20.. ,. 10.. M 19.. H 20.. „ 17.. -. 20.. „ 20.. M 19.. >, 20.. .. 17.. u 17.. ., 13.. .. 19., .- 20.. .. 10.. M 10.. M 13.. .1 17.. 121 122 119 120 120 117 IIG 125 123 117 118 120 125 123 120 123 120 lis 118 122 120 125 IIG 123 125 119 123 117 116: 125 117 104 123 125 120 IIG 125 120 123 12G 120 125 120 123 123 119 125 120 122 IIG 119 123 In. Character of Straw. 40 Medium . 42 Stiff 42 „ 48 •1 42 Medium. . 4() Stiff 40 Medium. . 40i Stiif 40 II 50 „ 40 ,, 42 , 38 ,1 38 Medium. . 40 Stiff 42 30 11 ..... 41 Medium. . 42 Stiff 42 Medium. . 42 „ 48 Stiff 4S Stiff 40 „ 30 AVeak . . . 38 Medium . . 42 11 48 11 44 11 48 Stiff 40 „ 33 Medium. . 42 Stiff 39 Medium . . 30 11 38 1. 30 „ 42 Stiff 42 „ 30 Medium . . 40 11 38 „ 30 11 42 ,, 38 1' 44 11 30 ,, 40 Stiff 42 Slender . . . 40 Weak .... 40 „ 48 Stiff Kind of Head. 3.7 i Beardless 3A I Bearded 3' 4h Beardless 4 Bearded 3 3 3i 3 3 3 4 3i 3l 2h 3" 3?> Beardless Bearded Beardless Bearded Beardless Bearded Beardless !)(-arded Beardless 3,1 3| 4 2? 2h 3" 3 31 4 4 3h 2" 2.L 3'| 3 3 Bearded Bearded Beardles Bearded Beardless Bearded Beardless Beardless Beai'ded Beardless Bearded Beardless 3 Bearded 21 Beardless 2l 3" 3 3h 3 Bearded Yield per Acre. Lbs. Bush. Lbs. 5,100 4,500 5,000 3,400 5,800 4,040 5,120 0,400 5,200 5,480 5,3G0 0,000 5,440 4,000 0,200 5,300 0,200 3,520 5,800 4.400 5,200 5,200 5,120 4,040 5,000 5,000 5,040 5,000 4,480 5,720 5,120 3,440 5,280 5,100 4,600 3,300 5,320 5,120 4,680 4,480 3,920 4 520 4,480 4,500 4,320 3,000 5,120 3,720 5,040 4,080 5,120 4,800 44 50 44 40 44 40 44 40 44 40 44 40 44 30 44 20 44 .. 43 20 43 20 43 .. 42 20 42 20 42 .. 42 .. 41 40 41 40 41 20 41 20 41 20 41 20 40 40 40 30 40 20 40 10 40 .. 39 40 39 40 39 40 39 40 39 30 39 20 39 10 38 40 38 20 38 10 38 ., 38 .. 37 40 37 20 37 .. 30 40 37 .. SO 40 30 20 30 20 3G .. 35 40 35 20 34 .. 31 .. 00 61 60 00 01 ooi 60 60^ CO OO.i 59i 61 59| 61 00.1 or 61 an GO 01 00 01 i 00 ou 60 ' 59^ 00 01 00 (iO GO 40h GO.i 59 CO GO 59 i 00' 00 61 00 GO CO GO GO GOi go" GOi 60" 59 60 59 522 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Spring Wheat. — Test of varieties grown from screened seed. Name of Variety. S Date of jwing. Date of Ripening c d 1 m a Character of Straw. 73 cS a "So c Kind of Head. ZTl ■ Yield per Acre. 1j bp Countess A] Stanlej' . . >1. 10.. , 10.. , 10.. , 10.. . 10.. , 16.. , 10.. , 16.. , 16.. , 16.. ■ 10.. Aug. 21 . . „ 22.. >. 19.. >, 19.. .. 18.. ., 19.. n 18.. ,. 21.. .. 19.. .. 14.. „ 20.. 127 128 125 125 124 125 124 127 125 120 126 In. 40 40 42 40 36 35 39 34 38 40 48 Stifif& bright Medium Weak ..'.'.'.'. Stiff & bright In. 2 3 3 n 2A 3" Si 2h 2" 3 4 Beardless. Bearded . . Beard les.s. Bearded . . Beardless. Bearded . . Beardless. Bearded . . Lbs. 6,000 5,200 6,200 4,320 3,600 3,400 4.120 6,000 3,400 3.480 4,080 Bush. Lbs. 44 40 43 20 41 40 41 20 39 30 39 20 38 20 38 .. 35 20 28 .. 20 .. Lbs. 60 CM Captor OOf 60 Red Fife 01 Campbell's White Chaff. Red Swedish 00 01 Goose ... Mason DiifTerin Crown 00 60 60 61 Spring ^YIIKAT. — Results of using different quantities of seed per acre. O < Date Date ll Character i Weight Yield Name of Variety. of of o 6 of of lier 1 Sowing. Ripening. "5) c Straw. Straw. Acre. 02 ^ 1-1 l-i Bush. In. In. Lbs. Bush. Lbs. I'ercy - . .' 1* Apl. 30.. „ 30.. Aug. 19.. M 19.. 111 111 40 42 Stiff & bright. 2i 2l 4,480 4,800 34 40 3(5 ,, U „ 30.. .. 19.. 111 42 ox 5,200 37 20 ,, 2 „ SO.. „ 19.. 111 40 M 11 . . 2i 4,960 30 40 2i „ 30. . ., 17.. 1.09 40 Weak 2 4,800 3J 20 " 3 M 30.. t, 17.. 109 40 ■' 2 4,320 40 20 Plots five and six were lodged as the straw was slender and soft and the heads shorter. EXPEKIMENTS WITH PEASE, Eifty-nine varieties of pease were tested this year, side by side, in plots of one- fortieth of an acre each. The soil was a gravelly loam which had only been once cropped since it was cleaned, and a great many ferns grew on it, which to some extent, lessened the yield. Their presence in the straw partly accounts for the heavy gross yield. The straw was clean and bright, the season was favourable for pease and the yield is a fairly good average one. All tlie plots were sown April the 15th, but the cold weather in ^Nlny and June increased the number of days to mature considerably beyond the average. REPORT OF MR. THOMAS A. SHARPE SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Pease. — Test of Varieties. 523 Name of Variety. English Grey Harrison's Glory . , Duke...... Early Britain Pride Fergus Mackay Arthur New Potter Elephant Blue Agnes Prince Albert Perth Large White Mar rowfat Gregory White Wonder Nelson Prince . . . . Trilby Elder Crown Bruce Carletou Picton Kent German White Alma Centennial French ('anner Vincent Paragon Lanark Prussian Blue Cree] )er (lolden Vine, Daniel O'Rourke. . . . Pearl Chancellor Wisconsin Blue King Cooper Blk.E.yed Marrowfat Victoria Herald Multiplier Archer Bedford Mummy j:iliot.." Macoini Fergus Oddfellow Ji^enton Bright Dover Chel.sea Canadian Beauty.. . . Grass Pea ..... Date of Ripen- Aug Sept, Character of Growth. Rank. Strong Rank. Strong. . Medivun . Strong. . >> bo ''A 128 129 130 122 130 133 128 127 128 126 131 128 130 1.31 126 131 123 127 127 1.30 128 127 130 131 1,33 128 127 131 128 127 130 130 126 122 133 122 130 1.30 133 131 130 127 127 130 131 131 131 131 133 130 1.331 „ .. 130 Medium 123| 133i Strong. 1.30 ,. . . 128 Medium 130'Strong. HllPoor. .. Rank. . . Medium Rank. . . Strong . Rank. . . Strong . Medii «ank. . . Medium Very rant Strong Medium Strong . Length of Straw. Inches. 60 74 66 56 60 48 66 48 78 60 74 54 48 54 60 66 60 42 84 60 54 52 96 60 54 54 60 60 00 60 62 42 54 60 06 00 102 06 72 54 54 54 58 66 66 6b 56 48 06 60 48 46 40 .52 60 54 60 36 Weight of Straw. Lbs. 8,000 6,200 7,120 8,900 8,200 7,0^0 7,700 6,400 0,720 8,000 6,200 6,080 7,600 5,920 6,400 6,480 8, .320 6.400 6,800 6,.30Q 7,360 7,040 8,000 7,600 8,400 5,200 9,400 7,040 5,200 6,320 6,480 8,360 7,600 4,800 5,600 7,920 6,720 5,840 .5,000 5,920 7,000 0.800 8.200 0,720 5,300 7,600 8.040 7,920 6,160 6,840 7,060 0,200 7,880 5,100 0,720 0,900 7,040 4,100 Length of Pod. Inches. 2i 2^ 3i 2" 2 2J 2 2 2 3i 2i 2| 2 2i 2 3 2 2i 2 2 2i ll 2" 2 2i 2h 2"" 2^ , 2A 2i 2i 2 3 2^ 2h 2" 2h 2h 3" 2h 24 2 2 1^ 2' 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 3 2h l' Size of Pea. Large . . Small ; '. Large . . Medium Large . Small . . Medium Large . ,, Medium Small . . Large . . Mediiun Large . . Medium Small . . Medium Large . . Medium Large . . Medium Small . . Large . . Medium Small . . Large . . Small . . Larg(> . . Small . . Medium Small . Large . Small . . ISIedium Large . . Medium Largo . . Medium Large . . Small . . Yield per Acre. JS 3 pq Hi 04 60 40 00 59 20 59 20 59 58 50 57 50 57 20 Ol 50 50 50 40 56 55 20 .55 54 20 54 54 52 50 52 40 52 .30 52 30 52 20 52 10 52 52 51 20 50 40 50 49 50 49 40 49 20 48 40 48 40 48 20 48 10 48 48 47 40 47 20 47 10 47 10 47 4() 40 40 30 45 20 41 40 44 42 20 42 42 1 41 20 ' 40 20 39 20 38 40 38 40 37 20 24 40 Vv'eighfc per Bushel. Lb3. 61| 02 6U 6li 02 63 61 mh 60§ 6U ou 01 60| 01 ou 02 on 603 01 61 60 00 00 61 60 61 6U 60' 62 6U 02 01 61i 62 00 01 02:1 GOi GO 60 6U 60 02i GO.I 00' 01 02^ 00^, ooS 62i 61" 01 00 02 60 Gli 524 EXPERIMEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Oats. — Tests with Fertilizers. Six plots of Banner oats, one-fortieth of an acre each, were included in this test. The land was a gravelly loam, that had given a crop of wheat in 1900, following clover. Plot 1. — One hundred pounds nitrate of soda per acre, one-half sown broadcast when the plants were well above the ground and the other half when they were about 6 inches high. Plot 2. — Two hundred pounds nitrate of soda per acre ; one-half applied broadcast when the plants were well above ground and the other half when about 6 inches high. Plot 3. — Check plot no fertilizer applied. Plot 4. — Four hundred pounds superphosphate of lime per acre, scattered broad- cast and lightly harrowed before the seed was sown. Plot 5. — Four hundred pounds muriate of potash per acre ; sown broadcast and harrowed before the seed was sown. Plot G. — Two hundred pounds superphosphate of lime, 100 pounds muriate of potash, and 100 pounds of nitrate of soda per acre. Half of the material scattered over the surface before the seed was sown and the other half when the plants were about 2 inches above ground. All the conditions as to soil and seed were identical. All were sown April 24, using seed at the rate of 2^ bushels per acre. All the plots ripened together and were cut the same day. There was no rust on any of the plots. Name of Vaiiety. Character of Straw. Weight of Straw. Yield per Acre. Proportion Rusted. Banner, Plot 1— Nitrate of soda, 100 lbs. per acre — „ 2- ,. 200 ■• II 3 — No fertilizer M II 4— Superphosphate, 400 lbs. per acre. . . II .1 5 — Muriate of potash, 400 lbs. per acre. II ,1 6 — Superphosphate, 200 lbs. ; muriate of potash, 100 lbs. ; nitrate of soda, 100 lbs. per acre Medium. . . . Weak Stiff Lbs. 4,000 5,000 3,800 5,400 4,000 5,800 Bush. Lbs. 58 28 (•■2 12 54 4 68 28 74 12 82 32 None. Pease. — Tests with Fertilizers. Four plots of pease, of one-twentieth of an acre each, were sown April 15, and when the plants were about 2 inches above ground nitrate of soda, at the rate of 100 pounds per acre, was scattered broadcast over the plot, and when they were about 6 inches high another 100 pounds was applied as before. The soil was a very gravelly loam, that was first broken up in tlie winter of ISOO and 1900, and pease sown in spring of 1900, but they were destroyed by cutA-ornT?. This year the vines grew very rank in cacli ca.-=e and were extra well podded. Tjir; results are given in the following table : — >.^ ;~. Name of Varietj*. Date of Date of of D atari Character of "5 S o Yield per Acre. Sowing. Ripeniifl^. dS Growth. g'-^ J^ A t— 1 ^ ^ In. In. Bush. Lbs. Lbs. King Ai)rii 15. . Ang. 24.. 131 Rank... . CO 3 lOG 20 r.H fjfnnan White 1. 15.. .. 21.. 128 58 3 102 02 IVrth 1. 15.. 1. 23.. 130 n .... 56 3h 94 40 01 Centennial 1. 15.. .1 24.. 131 " GO 2i 90 40 01 REPORT OF MR. THOMAS A. SUARPE 525 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Potatoes. — Tests with Fertilizers. Experiment was also made to test the value of nitrate of soda and superphosphate of lime applied to potatoes. The land chosen was some of the oldest on the farm and may be considered fairly uniform in character and condition. It was in clover last year and the clover sod was ploughed under for the potato crop. The results show, as do most experiments of similar nature, that where a clover stubble is turned under in a short rotation, nitrogen in plenty, for the crop is already in the land. There were no rotten potatoes in any of the plots. Name of Variety. Total Yield per Acre. Yield per Acre of Sound. Yield per Acre of Marketable. Yield per Acre of Unmarket- able- Dakota Red, Plot 1 — Nitrate of soda, 100 lbs. per ac. 1. 2— „ 150 .. 3— ., 200 II II 4 — Untreated Bush. Lbs. 633 36 644 36 057 48 038 055 36 088 36 743 30 Bush. Lbs. 633 36 044 30 057 48 038 055 36 688 30 743 30 Bush. Lbs. 538 36 548 520 572 30 590 36 017 6 004 Bush. Lbs. 95 90 30 131 48 05 30 II II 5— Superi^hosphate, lOOlbs. per ac. .. 0— 1, 150 1. .1 7— .. 200 05 30 71- 30 79 30 EXPEKIME^^TS WITH INDIAN COE.N. Thirty-three varieties of corn were planted in the test this year. All were sown May 20 and 21. The land was clover sod, well harrowed and pre- pared and was in fine condition, but the weather in the last of May and all of June was cold and wet and the germination of the seed was delayed in consequence, and the growth was very slow until the middle of July. During the last half of July, all of August, September and most of October the weather was dry, bright and warm, and the corn made a fair growth, but the unfavourable weather in the beginning of the season put the growth back and it never recovered lost ground. Very few varieties made good ears of corn. All the varieties were tested both in hills and drills, the drills were three feet apart and the stalks thinned to about six inches in the drill. The hills were three feet apart each way and not more than three plants to a hill. The yield has been calculated from two rows each, sixty-six feet long. 526 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1 902 IxDiAX Corn. — Test of Varieties. Xame of Variety. line. When Tasselled. In Silk. Manim. 8-rowed Flint. . . Thorobred White Flint.. White Cap Yellow Dent Early Mastodon Conipton's Early Mammoth Cuban King of the Earliest Salzer's All Gold I r S u perior Fodd er . Selected Learning Pride of the North Champion White Pearl. . E.xtra E\rly Huron Dent Longfellow Early Butler North Dakota White Red Cob Ensilage , Kendall's Early Giant. . . Yellow Long Eared i Cloud's Early Yellow... Giant Prjlitic Ensilage. . Canada White Flint Evergreen Sugar ; . . . Sanford Angel of Midnight Pearce'.s Prolific Country Gentleman. ... I North Dakota Yellow. . . I Black Mexican. 1 Salzer's Earliest Ripe . . . j Yellow Six Weeks i Mitchells E.xtra Early. . | Early August I IG. 18. 22. 10. IG. 29. 14. 12. 28. 28. 961 Aug. 90 M 108 .. 901 .. lOOl M 112' M 112: M 7Gi M lOGl ., IOG' .. 108 i Sept. 18. G. 23. 10. ir,. 17. 3. 18. 20. 28. 30. 16. 18. 14. 22. 30. 30. 15. 24. 16. 10. 2. 29. Early Milk. Late Milk. Condition when cut. 108 102] Aug. 96| M 106 -. 90 H 112'Sept. 84|Aug. 76 n 108 M 106 " 84 „ 90 ,- 100 M 84 M 96 M 80 ,. 48 ., 80, i, 48- „ 48' .. 48' .. 50Julv Seit. 10.. „ 20. . „ 20. . M 16. . ., 20. . -, 20. . 3.. 1.. „ 16. . „ 15. . Oct. 8. . Sept. 29., M 13. . Aug. 26.. „ .SO. . 30. . Sept. 20.. Aug. 30.. Sept. 6. . ,. 16. . M 17. . Aug. 30.. „ 30. . „ 26. . Sept. 18.. „ 16. . M 26. . Aug. 30.. Sept. 10.. Aug. 28.. „ 20. . ,■ 12. . 9.. Sept. 20. Oct. 14. Oct. 4.1 4. . ; Sept. 24. 1 Oct. 1. iSept. 20.1 Oct. 7. I M 1 8. i Sept. 24. Oct. 4.1 I Oct. jSept. Oct. Sept. Oct. Sept. Oct. Sept. Oct. Sept. Aug. 28, 10. 10. .... 24. Oct 20.1 " 30. ... 28., Oct 14. 26. Oct. 18. 16. Sept. 28, 28 .30. 22. Oct. 14, 16.i 18. Oct. 18, 10.1 30. 1 Oct. 18 16. 14. Oct. 6, 22.1 „ 11, 10.1 „ 4, 4. ' M 16. 10, 24. .. 6, Weight per Acre grown in rows. Late milk. Ea. milk. . " ■ ■ I Roftst. ear; Ea. milk. . j L. milk.. .! Glazed ! Ea. milk. Silk..,.. Ea. milk. L. milk. . Glazed..'. Roast, ear 15 L. milk. . Ea. milk. L. milk. . , Glazed Ea. milk. L. milk. . Ea. milk. L. milk. . Ea. milk. L. milk- . Ea. milk. Glazed L. milk. . . Glazed Ripe Tons. Lbs. 1,.320 220 1,250 700 1,820 320 1,660 1,680 1,570 1,400 1,240 1,020 800 580 360 360 380 1,610 1,960 1,520 1,410 1,860 1,430 1,780 1,340 20 1.50 1,160 520 1,440 560 340 120 i>< Tons. Lbs. 1,020 1,180 1,400 360 1,140 780 690 210 1,060 540 1,000 1,440 950 1,900 1,460 1,940 1,770 280 1,280 200 1,080 440 130 1,060 1,890 1,140 860 1,800 300 800 1,240 450 1,240 COE]^ AT DIFFERENT DISTANCES APART IX THE ROWS. The same varieties were used in this test as were used last season. The plants were trimmed to six inches in the drill and to three strong plants in the hill. The yield, as in previous years, is usually the heaviest where the drills or rows are at the least distance. In each case four rows of each variety were planted and the yield computed from 66 feet of the two centre rows. The plots were all planted May 20. Corn. — At Difff.rent Distances Apart. Name of Variety. Distance Date Sown. ' apart in I Rows. Hills. Champion White Pearl. Selected Learning LonKfellow May 20... 20... 20.., 20.. 20... 20... 20... 20.., 20.. 20. . 20.. 20.. Inche.s. 21 28 35 42 21 28 35 42 21 28 35 42 Inches. 21 28 35 42 21 28 3.5 42 21 28 35 42 Condition when cut. Early milk. Late milk . Late milk Weight per j Weight per Acre grown i Acre grown in rows, i in hills. Tons. Lbs. 26 1,564 21 151 17 1,750 14 838 23 675 21 428 17 734 14 1,134 14 1,735 791 285 195 17 14 13 Ton.s. Lbs. 23 19 16 13 21 19 15 13 15 17 13 12 388 .034 ,716 400 240 751 129 ,908 171 ,922 24;) ,958 REPORT OF TUB HORTICULTURIST 527 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 EXPERIMENTS WITH TURNIPS. Twenty-nine varieties of Turnips were tested. Two sowings of each sort were made, the first on May 28, and the second on June 11. All were pulled November 11. The soil was a clay loam, had been in cultivation since 1890, and had become fairly iniiform. A good clover sod was turned under in spring of 1897, and another in spring of 1900, and a light dressing of stable manure given last winter which was thoroughly mixed with the soil before the seed was sown. The land was uniform and as will be seen, the yields are good. The yields per acre have been calculated from the weiglit of crop gathered from two rows, each 6G feet long. The crop from the first sown plots gave a considerably higher average than that from the second sown. Turnips. — Test of Varieties. Name of Variety. Emperor Swede Magnum Bonum Imperial Swede East Lotliian Prize Purple Top Hall's Westbury Jumbo Monarch Elephant's Master Marquis of Lorno New Arctic Skirvings Drummond Purple Top. . . Prize Winner Sutton's Champion Carter's Elepliant Manunoth Clyde Selected Champion Kangaroo Giant King Hartley's Bronze Champion Purple Top . . . Selected Purple Top Bangholm Selected Perfection Swede Shamrock Purple Top West Norfolk Purple Top. Halewood's Bronze Top . . . Webb's New Renown Yield per Acre. 1st Plot. Yield per Acre. 1st Plot. Tons. Lbs 49 48 47 4G 46 45 45 45 44 44 43 43 43 43 43 42 41 41 40 40 40 40 39 38 38 38 37 35 34 10 1,020 380 1,720 70 420 255 172 770 440 1,935 1,450 1,120 4G0 295 1,305 1,820 800 •1,840 1,180 520 350 1,5.30 1,220 1,0.55 890 1,570 1,128 1,9G0 Bush. Lbs. 1.6.33 1,670 1,573 1,562 1,534 1,.507 1,504 1,502 1,479 1,473 1,465 1,457 1,452 1,441 1,438 1,421 ],.397 1,380 1,364 1,.353 1,342 1,339 1,325 1,287 1,284 1,281 1,259 1,171 1.166 30 30 Yield per Acre. 2nd Plot. Tons. Lbs. 48 38 42 39 38 42 38 42 35 34 41 40 38 42 40 42 39 35 45 35 35 39 35 42 38 37 29 38 38 30 1,220 1,140 540 1,385 1,470 1,220 1,140 600 1,6S0 1,820 1,180 230 1,140 8.50 480 .540 620 1,080 620 950 530 290 1,140 230 1,900 1,730 1,055 65 Yield per Acre. 2nd Plot. Bu.sh. 1,206 1,287 1,419 1,309 1,289 1,424 1,289 1,419 1,176 1,160 1,397 1,353 1,270 1,419 1,347 1,408 1,309 1,177 1,584 1,177 1,182 1,325 1,171 1,419 1,270 1,265 995 1,284 1,267 Lbs. SO 45 30 45 40 30 30 30 40 30 30 30 30 30 35 45 EXPERIMENTS WITH MANGELS. Twenty-four varieties of Mangels were tested this year. The soil was a loam mixed sandy and clay, and had only produced one crop since breaking up. After break- ing up a good deal of levelling was necessary and as a consequence the condition wa.s not uniform nor the stand even. Two plots of each variety were sown, the first on April 26, and the second on May 10. All were pulled on November 6. Four rows, each one hundred feet long, of each sort was sown at each sowing and the yield was com- puted from the two centre rows, each 66 feet long. 528 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS Mangels. — Test of Varieties. 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Name of Variety. Yield per Acre. I 1st Plot. Yield per Acre. 1st Plot. Yield per Acre. 2nd Plot. Yield per Acre. 2nd Plot. Giant Yellow Intermediate. . . Mamm. Yellow Intermediate Lion Yellow Intermediate . . . . Yellow Intermediate Warden Orange Globe Prize Winner Orange Globe. . . Champion Yellow Globe . . . Yellow Fleslied Tankard Norbiton Giant Selected Mamm . Long Red . . . Mammoth Oval Shaped Giant Yellow Globe. Half Long Sugar White Prize Mamm. Long Red Mammoth Long Red Gate Post 26 24 22 21 -20 20 20 19 19 19 19 19 17 17 IG 16 Giant Yellow Half Long I IG Tons. Lbs, Leviathan Long Red . Triumph Gate Post Yellow Half Long Sugar Rosy Golden Fleshed Tankard. . Canadian Giant Ward's Large Oval Shaped . 16 16 15 15 13 12 9 120 840 1,000 1,065 920 460 95 1,930 1,600 1,435 775 280 1,040 320 1,660 1,165 1,085 835 340 1,020 360 730 1,740 480 Bush. Lbs 902 814 750 717 682 674 608 665 660 657 616 638 594 572 561 552 551 547 539 517 506 445 429 308 30 Tons. Lbs. Bush. Lbs 23 530 775 30 21 570 709 30 20 95 668 15 19 610 643 30 19 940 649 14 1,865 497 40 19 280 638 17 320 572 17 1,610 .594 21 240 704 21 590 709 50 16 670 544 30 15 360 506 16 1,000 550 16 1,990 566 17 1,640 594 17 1,475 591 15 15 690 511 30 17 320 572 13 400 440 14 1,700 495 17 980 583 16 1,3.30 555 30 11 1,430 390 30 The seed of the Red Fleshed Tankard failed to germinate. EXPERIMENTS WITH CAEROTS. Twenty varieties of carrots were tested this year. They were sown alongside of the mangels, and the soil and conditions were in every respect similar. Two plots of each sort were sown, in drills 2 feet apart, the first series of plots were sown April 25 and the second on May 9, and all pulled November 5. As in previous years tha stump rooted sorts gave the best yield and are more desirable because easier to pull and less liable to break in handling. The yield is computed from 6G feet of the two centre rows in each plot. REPORT OF MR. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 THOMAS A. SHARPS Carrots. — Test of Varieties. 529 Naiiie of Varietj'. Yield per Acre. 1st Plot. Yield per Acre. 1st Plot. Improved Short White Iverson's Champion (iiaut White Vosges Ontario Champion Green Top White Orthe Manim. White Intermediate. Carter's Orange Giant Yellow Intermediate Karly (jfem New White Intermediate. . Half Long White Long Yellow Stump Rooted. Scarlet Intermediate , White Vosges, Large Short. . Half Long Chantenay Long Scarlet Altringham White Belgian (Juerande or Ox-Heart Long Orange or Surrey Scarlet Nantes Tons. Lbs. Bush. Lbs. 30 30 28 28 27 27 ?6 26 2(5 25 25 23 23 21 20 20 19 17 14 13 1,220 720 1,585 100 1,440 1,110 1,130 1.04G 800 1,2()3 490 1,520 1,408 1,230 920 590 1,7(55 1,640 1,040 1,573 1,020 1,012 959 935 924 918 885 884 880 854 841 792 791 720 682 676 662 594 4S4 459 20 45 30 23 Yield per Acre. 2nd Plot. Tons. Lbs. 30 28 26 28 25 26 21 21 26 28 25 21 24 20 19 24 18 13 13 637 390 740 1,130 1,585 1,974 635 240 1,548 140 1,585 1,314 240 1,500 1,5S0 1,930 1,181 1,143 1,720 70 Yield per Acre. 2nd Plot. Bush. Lbs. 843 1,006 979 885 959 866 871 704 725 8G9 959 855 704 825 693 665 819 619 462 434 30 30 45 14 35 48 45 14 30 41 30 EXPERIMENTS WITH SUGAR BEETS. Sev^n varieties of sugar beets were tested alongside of the earrots and mangels and under similar conditions. Two sowings were made of each sort, the first on April 26 and the second on May 10, and all were pulled Xovember 6. The yields are not heavy and they have not been as profitable to raise for feeding here as mangels or carrots, because of the lighter yield and being more difiieult to harvest. They are often rooty and the growth is nearly all underground. Four rows of each sort were sown and the yield computed from 60 feet of each of the two centre rows. Sugar Beets. — Test of Varieties. Name of Variety. IiDliroved Imperial. . . Danish Red Top Royal Giant Vilujorin's Improved. Red To]) Sugar. . . . . Danish Improved. . . . Waiizleben Yield per Acre. 1st Plot. Yield per Acre. 1st Plot. Tons. Lbs. Bush. Lbs. 16 16 16 13 13 11 9 1,990 1,330 1,165 1,000 400 441 480 566 555 552 451 440 374 308 30 30 45 Yield per Acre. 2nd Plot. Tons. Lbs. 13 17 17 14 15 12 1,720 980 816 1,700 30 420 1.50 Yield per Acre. 2nd Plot. Bush. Lbs. 462 583 580 495 500 407 302 10 16 30 30 16—34 530 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 EXPERIMEXTS WITH POTATOES. Xinety varieties of potatoes were planted. May 8 and 9, on clay loam, which liad been given about twenty wagon load* per acre of barnyard manure in the spring- of 1900. This had been worked well into the soil with spading-harrow and drag and a crop of oats grown that year. As soon as the oats were harvested the land was well harrowed to start weed seeds and shed grain and ploughed late in the fall. In spring it was well stirred and mixed by use of the spading-harrow and drag, and the potatoes planted in drills 2^ feet apart. The spring was wet and cold but the seed germinated well and the stand was even throughout. The yield is a very good one and the quality all that could be desired. Except a few rows left as check rows, all were sprayed with Bordeaux mixture to prevent injury by blight ; but those untreated remained healthy until ripened as there was no blight this season. Four rows of each sort were planted and the yield per acre calculated from two centre rows, G6 feet long. There was very little rot this year and the crop throughout was very even and fine. Potatoes.— Test of Varietii.s. Name of Variety. Uncle Sa^Td CS(3 Dakota Red CS2 Polaris lC77 Vanier (i^o Money Maker 073 Swiss Snowflake ;'>73 American Oiant 0C2 McTntyre '>'J0 Holhorn Abundance '>51 Vick's Extra Early 'J33 Bovee 22 Seedling No. 7 K>18 Northern Spy 010 Lee's Favorite 1014 Hale's Champion 013 Prize Taker Ol.i Clay Rose |013 Reeves' Rose 008 Bumaby Seedling jG07 Pleniish Beauty ;000 Kmi)ire State 594 Early Puritan 592 C^lnmbus... ._. 589 Carman No. 3 585 Irish Daisy 580 (Quaker City 574 Sal lean's Elephant ;509 Daisy... |558 Late Puritan 550 Trov Seedling |554 I XL j553 (ireen Mountain . . ooS Brownell's Winner i.547 Rose No. 9 545 Delaware .543 Houlton Rose 542 Carman No. 1 {541 M 241680 1682 30,677 24 67c 12 073 12073 12;062 060 121051 30 033 12 629 12! 629 48 624 36 622 12!018 010 54 014 48013 48 613 48 013 48 (iOS 12 007 12 600 .594 54 592 36 589 121585 4SL-j80 12 574 48.569 AS ."mS 3!i.")07 241.554 I8I.5.53 181.553 48 547 .'36 515 24 543 18 5-12 12,541 < s 24None I M 3G| „ 24! „ 12 n 12 „ 12! „ i " 12 36 12 12 48 36 12 54 48 48 48 48 12 12 54 36 12' .. 48| .. . 12 ., . 48J ,. . 48: .. . ! 55 0 24 None.. 18 18 48 3G 24 IS 12 ."So s s> .;617 . 1613 .576 . 573 .1605 .i005 . !596 .429 . 553 . 500 . ,534 566 -:68 ^97 556 .1492 .1522 . 1429 .1460 :52 548 540 424 475 504 501 497 348 516 t84 391 390 471 470 470 465 490 489 412 487 277 350 342 260 238 277 270 270 223 318 219 218 281 301 243 274 220 190 236 218 P3 hJ 108 134 133 106 79 105 104 156 104 105 153 76 101 361205 30 1 200 36 48 12 46 561 50; 45 49 71 72 il35 J 47 I 42 12 88 I 66 48130 421173 20;i29 54)128 151 64 18 149 54j 62 58 140 56 159 118 120 115 148 52 146 145 70 51 104 68 118 126 78 93 15 28 25 42 12 48 24 12 48 10 Form and Colour. Long round white. 11 red. II round rose. II red. II white. 11 round russet. II flat white. II lound red. II pink. II white. 11 red. 11 pink and white. II white. II rose. 11 white. II rose. II red. II round red. II pink and white. Round rose. Long flat rose. II white. Round rose. Long rose. 54 Oblong pink. 40( II white. Long flat white. Oval white. Long flat white. II white. II pink and white. II rose. Round white. Long rose. Round white. Long white. II pink. II red. Oblong white. •I rose. II pale rose. II dark rose. Oval rose. Round white. Flat 1. FODDER PLANTS. The following fodder plants were tested this year. The ground was so cold ami wt-t early in the season that there was a very poor stand in nearly every one of the millets. also in soja and horse beans and the subsequent growth has been poor. As in previous years the Japanese millet is the heaviest yielder, the foliage being very abundant and 16— 34i 532 EXPERIME^STAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 the heads long and well filled while the stalks are not very coarse. All the plots of millet seeds were sown May 27. Plot 1— Italian Millet :— Length of stalk, 28 to 32 inches ; length of head, 4 to 5 inches ; yield when cut green, per acre, 3 tons 240 pounds. Plot 2— Cat Tail Millet :— Length of stalk, 30 to 32 inches ; length of head, 3 J to 4 inches ; yield per acre when cut green, 2 tons 1,6S0 pounds. Plot 3 — Early Algerian or Early Pearl Millet : — Length of stalk, 30 to 32 inches ; length of head, 3 to 4 inches ; yield per acre when cut green, 2 tons 1,280 pounds. Plot -J^-Moha Hungarian Millet : — Length of stalk, 30 to 34 inches; length of head, 3 to 4 inches; yield per acre, cut green, 3 tons 720 pounds. Plot 5— White Kound Extra French Millet :— Length of stalk, 20 to 24 inches ; length of head, 2 to 3 inches ; yield per acre when cut green, 2 tons 1,520 pounds. Plot 6. — German or Golden Millet : — Length of stalk, 24 to 26 inches ; length of head, 3 to 4 inches ; yield per acre when cut green, 3 tons 1,200 pounds. Plot 7 — Japanese Millet : — Length of stalk, 40 to 44 inches; length of head, 4 to G inches; yield per acre when cut green, 4 tons 4S0 pounds. Plot 8 — Soja Beans, sown April 30 : — Drills, 21 inches apart; length of stalk, 24 to 20 inches; very fev.- pods formed; yield per acre when cut green, October 30, 2 tons 1,34<) pounds. Plot 9 — Soja Beans, sown April 30 : — Drills, 28 inches apart; length of stalk, 24 to 2G inches; not so many pods formed; yield per acre Avhen cut green, 2 tons 1,920 pounds. Plot 10— Soja Beans, sown April 30 : — Drills, 35 inches apart; length of stalk, 24 to 20 inches; a few pods filled, but none ripened seed; yield per acre when cut green, 2 tons 640 pounds. Plot 11— Horse Beans, sown April 30 : — Drills 21 inches apart ; length of stalk, 28 to 3() inches ; very few pods formed and these were very short ; yield per acre when cut green, 1 ton 440 ])ounds. Plot 12 — Horse Beans, sown April 30 : — Drills 28 inches apart ; length of stalk, 28 to 30 inches: very few jjods and these not well filled; yield per acre when cut green, 1 ton 360 pounds. Plot 13— Horse Beans, sov.n April 30 :— Drills, 35 inches apart; length of stalk, 28 to 30 inches; a few short immature pods formed; yield per acre when cut green, 1 ton 640 pounds. REPORT OF MR. TUOMAH A. SHARPE 533 SESSIONAL PAPER No 16 DWARF ESSEX RAPE. Two plots were sown, one in drills, which was cultivated, the other was sown broad- east. Both plots were a comparative failure. The crop was cut and fed in September, and very little growth has been made up to the present time and no severe frosts have yet occurred. SUNFLOWERS. Tavo plots of sunflowers were sown May 11, one plot was sown in drills 30 inches apart and the other at 30 inches apart. The seed did not germinate well and the stand was scattered. The heads began to ripen early in September and as soon as the seed was well filled, in the earliest heads, the blue jays, robins and crows began to feed on them, and the best heads were destroyed before they were properly matured. There did not appear to be very much difference in the growth or size of the heads in either plot. The widest rows allowing more sunlight and air gave some ripened heads first, but the difference was not material and neither plot ripened at all evenly; some heads were fully ripened when others were only coming into bloom. On this account and because of the destruction of so much of the crop by the birds no accurate report can be made but as careful an estimate was made as was possible under the circumstances by counting the heads on a measured row, and weighing the seed from a number of average sized heads, and a conclusion reached that either plot would have produced about 1.200 pounds of clean seed per acre. PASPALUM DILATATUM. The plot of this grass from Australia which was reported on last year was winter- killed. There was nothing left this spring. SAND VETCII. This plant appears to be well adapted to this climate. The vines made a growth of over 5 feet, and blossomed freely, when cut the green crop weighed 8 tons 340 pounds ; 1 ton 1,760 pounds cured. The horses and cattle do not care to eat it either cured or green. MIXED GRAINS FOR FEED. Several acres of mixed oats, pease and wheat were sown, part of it cut when the oats were in the dough and part left to ripen. The yield was good this year, eurino- a little over four tons of good feed per acre. VEGETABLE GARDEN. On account of the cold spring the vegetables and flower seeds sown in the garden made, as a rule, a poor stand and very slow growth. Those vegetables that require a rapid growth to produce the finest results, such as radish and lettuce, were rather poor. 524 EXPERIMEyTAL FAHMS Lettuce. — Sown April 23. 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Variety. Forcing Milly White Tennisball Wheeler's Tom Thumb. Red-edged Victoria Algiers. All the Year Round (black seed). . . All the Year Round (white seed). . . White Marvel of Cazard Blond Stonehead Brown Stonehead , Early Ohio or Nonpareil Neapolitan ^Marvel or Red Besson Trocadero Red -edged or Big Bo.ston. Hammersmith Hardy Red Winter Green Paris Cos White Paris Cos Balloon Trianon Fit for Use. May 22.. 26... .. 22... M 29 . June 8... " 10.., .. 10... n 10.. ., IG... M 10 , . . Remarks. 1!).. 20. . , 20.. 20... 14 .. 18... 18... 20... 20... Leaves small ; poor. Crisp and good. Only medium. Good. Crisp. Crisp and sweet. White ; crisp and tender. Large ; medium. II crisp and .sweet. Medium. Crisp and good. Crisp, sweet, good. Very good. Only n>edium. Leathery. Very fine. Crisp and good. Carrots. — Sown April 17. Parisifin Forcing July ]'"rench Horn Luc Half Long . , Long Biood Red. Very fine quality. Very sweet ; good. Fine crisp ; sweet. Very good. Cauliflower. — Sown in hotbed March 29 ; transplanted June 1 Early .Snowball Extra Early Paris p].\tra Selected Earliest Dwarf Erfurt . . Half Early Paris Cliambourcy ^Mammoth I-arge Algiers Sept Autumn Giant Heads firm ; good. Heads small ; firm. Heads firm ; good ; large. Heads large ; open ; poor. Heads open ; poor. Heads solid ; good. Cabbage. — Sown in hotbed March 29 ; transplanted May 30 and 31. Expres.s Paris Market Flat Parisian Very Early Etampes. . Early .Jersey Wakefield .- ]v\tr.T Early Mid-summer Savoy l-'nily \\'inningstadt Drumhead St. .fohn's Day 'Sept I'ottl'-r's Improved Brunswick Rod liarge Drumhead Red Polish Shortstem Green Globe Savoy . Heads small ; firm ; fair quality. M II good. II soft and small. II small ; soft ; poor, medium ; firm ; solid. II very solid ; good, large: solid; very good. I. II very regular heads. Large pnd very solid heads. Medium size h Brussels Sprouts. — Sown in hotbed March 29 ; transplanted May 30. Half Dw.ir! P.iris Market. Dwarf I'.iiuiovcd . , Did not grf)w well. Very iwor. HEl'Oh'T OF MR. THOMAS A. SHARPE SESSIONAL PAPER No, 16 Brocoli. — Sown in hotbed March 29 ; transplanted May 30. 535 Variety. Fit for Use. Remarks. Extra Early White Oct. 6.... .- 20.... Heads small ; open. 11 medium. Large White Mammoth Beets. — Sown April 17 ; fit for table July G. Egyptian Nutting's Dwarf Improved. Early Blood Red Turnip. . . Long Smooth Blood Red . . . Dells Black Leaf July C. 9 ., .. If).. Aug. 8... M 12... A quick grower ; fine flavour. II " >t good colour. Smooth : slender ; dark red ; good. 11 II 11 very fair. Table Turnips. — Sown April 17. A fine even stand in all these turnips. E.\tra Early White Milan June 13 . . Early White .Strap Leaved u 17 . . Half Long Early White Vertus ' „ 17. Early Stone ! i. 24 . , Yellow Robertson's Golden Ball j i, 24. Crisp ; sweet ; pleasant ; good size. '1 _ " 11 11 flavour. Medium grower ; poor quality. Crisp ; solid ; fine quality (1. rich ; fine quality and flavour. Eadishes. — Sown April 16. Fit for table June 1. Forcing Turnip Scarlet Forcing Scarlet White Tipped Forcing Deep Scarlet Forcing Deep Scarlet Shortleaf " Forcing White Early .Scarlet Turnip Early Scarlet White Tipped Turnip.. Deep Scarlet Turnip Very Early Yellow Turnip , Olive Shaped Scarlet Olive Shaped Scarlet White Tii)i)ed.. . Crisp ; sweet. 11 good. Crisp ; good ; sweet. Mediimi crisp. Crisp ; juicy. 11 11 pleasant. II 11 very good. 11 good. Not crisp ; a little tough. Tough and stringy. Medium crisp ; pleasant. Winter Kadisii. — Sown June 16 ; pulled November 10. Winter Russian, large, crisp, fine flavour. Winter Black Long Spanish, large, sweet, crisp, good. Winter Scarlet China, medium large, crisp, sweet. Beans. — Planted April 17. Variety. King f)f the Wax Beans . . . . Fame of Vitry Dwarf, Emperor of Russia. Dwarf, ( Jolden l''rencl) Ihvarf, E.vti'a Early, Flageolet, Black Sjieckled . Canadian Wonder Fit for Table. July Remarks. Vines small, not productive ; pods 2 to 3 inches long crisp, good flavour ; ripe Sept. 4. A moderate grower, productive; pods 4 to 6 inches long, crisp, good ; ripe Sept. 8. A medium grower, jn-oductive ; pods 3 to 5 inches long, crisp, fine flavoured ; ripe Sept. 11. A strong grower and i>r(^ductive ; pods 3 to 44 inches long, cris]), fine quality ; rij)e Sept. 8. Vines short, not productive ; pods 3 to 4 inches long, good flavour ; ripe Seivt. 11. A medium grower and productive ; ])ods .li too inches long, crisp, pleasant flavour ; ripe Sept. 24. Vigorous grower and productive ; pods 4 to G inches long, plump, crisp, good flavour; ripe Oct. 4. 536 EXPERIMEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Table Corx.— Planted May 22. Variety, Early Wliite Cory Sept. 15 Early Crosby Sugar October 22 Stowell's Evergreen " 30 Perry's Hybrid New'Chaniijion Sugar Nonsuch Sugar.. Countrj- Gentleman Pop Corn Remarks. Ears 0 inches long, well filled ; good quality. Ears short, not well filled ; good quality. Good ears, well filled but very late. 30] Ears short and only in early milk when cut. 23|Ears short and poor ; a poor variety. Early milk when cut, Nov. 3. Stalks 5 feet high and 2 to 3 ears of G inches long on each stalk. Celery. — Sown in hotbed, March 29 ; transplanted to garden June 4. Variety. Fit for Use. Remarks. Rose Ribbed Paris Sept. 4 Poor flavour. Paris Golden Yellow October I Good quality. Giant Pascal ■■ 13 Coarse and stringy. Red Large Ribbed , " lOiCoarse and poor. G.\RDEN Pease. — Sown May 18. American Wonder June Alaska.. I " Nott's Excelsior 1 m Mc Lean's Advance July Pride of the Market .. Admii'al ' " Duke of Albany i ■- Shropshire Hero | m Telephone i » Stratagem I ■< New Dwarf, Telephone « Heroine ' 'i Champion of England Gradus 16 Medium 21 Small 21 2 G 14 10 12 10 12 15 16 20 21 Medium . Large . . . Small . . . Large . . . Medium . Large . . Ins. 2k 2 2| 2i 3i 3h Sh 4" 4 31 4" 4 3 3 Vines well loaded ; good quality. Not well loaded ; fair quality. 'Vines well podded ; good flavour. A medium crop ; fair quality. Well loaded ; extra fine quality. M good quality. Medium crop; « Well podded ; !! Medium crop ; Oxioxs. — Sown April 13. Variety. Remarks James Keeping. White Dutch. Very few of the seeds germinated ; no crop. " '1 " a few small onions, Weathersfield Large Red iThe only one that made bottoms ; 110 bush, per acre. Blood Red [A few bottoms, but most of the poor crop was necks. Market Favourite Keeping ... jV'ery few bolt )U)S ; a few small soft onions. Dan vers Yellow Globe iSeed grew well, but the cro)) failed to bottom. Trebon"s Large Yellow |Seert failed to grow : no crop. .Straw Coloured Wliite Spanish Seed grew well, but roots very small ; no bottoms. I'ariu Silverskin jVery few onions, but a good sami>le of the sort. REPORT OF MR. THOMAS A. SHARl'E SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Squash. — Planted May 1. 537 Variety. Extra Early Orange. Hubbard Faxon Mammoth Chili Fit for Use. Remarks. Sununer Crookneck August 15^ Vines not productive ; squasli small and watery. Early White b'callcp u 13:Not productive ; quality good ; fla\our good. The Warren u 10 Vines vigoi'ous and moderately productive ; largest I squasli 11 lbs. ; flesh thick, rich, yellow, dry and i .. pood. II 16|Vines vigorous and ]iroductive ; flesh thick, rich, I yellow and very tine flavour ; largest squash I ^ 9Ubs. Sept. IjVine.s vigorous and medium productive ; flesh thick, I rich, dry and good ; heaviest squash llif lbs. 11 6 Vines vigorous but not productive ; not high quality ; I largest squash 15i lbs. October — Vines very vigorous and pi-od\ictive ; too coarse for j I table use ; largest squash 43 lbs. Perfect Gem ' August 20 Vines very vigorous and productive ; quality good ; I largest squash G inches in diameter. Pumpkins. — Planted May 2. Variety, Remarks. Mammoth Tom Vines very vigorous and productive ; pumpkins large, oblong, heavy. Vines medium, vigorous and only moderately productive ; fruit medium or below in size, round, flattened, good quality. Vines very vigorous and productive ; fruit small, orange yellow round, of good quality ; fit for use August 10. Vines vigorous and productive ; fruit large, golden orange, flesh deep, fine quality ; ripe August 20. Vines medium growers, vigorous, not productive ; fruit large, very thick fleshed, fair quality ; fit for use August 30. Vines medium in vigour and productiveness ; flesh very thick, but cracks late in the season ; ripe September 20.' Quaker Pie Winter Luxury Golden Marrow Large Cheese.. DISTKIBUTION OF SEED SAMPLES. This branch of the work is increasing rapidly and the interest shown in it is good evidence that those who take care to save the produce of the samples received are in many instances benefited. In a province of such area and great diversity of climate as British Columbia many sami)les are not a success, but many arc, and where one sample proves successful the grower is soon able to supply neighbours with seed. One farmer reports 740 lbs. of potatoes from a three lb. sample of American Wonder, and from 130 lbs. to 200 lbs. was quite a common return from a 3-lb. sample this year. Packages of scions 241 Packages of nuts 97 Packages of small fruit _. . . 131 3 lb. samples i^otatoes 259 3 lb. samples pease 87 3 lb. samples oats 246 3 lb. samples barley 184 3 lb. samples wheat 168 The correspondence of the farm is increasing, the number of letters received this year was 2,518, and the answers sent out 2,378 538 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 APPLES. Wet weather was almost continuous with cold north winds and occasional light frosts during the blossoming period, and this was no doubt the cause of a comparative failure in all the tree fruits this year. Fruit trees of all sorts bloomed very profusely and having made a vigorous growth last j'ear should if the weather had been favourable, have given a heavy crop of all sorts. In the following notes will be found short descriptions of those varieties which fruited this year for the first time : Lord SufpeJd. — Tree a very vigorous grower and an early bearer. Fruit medium to large, smoothly conical. Skin light yellow, with a pale blush, flesh whitish, soft, rather coarse, mildly acid. Season Avigust. Early Rivers. — Tree a medium grower and an early producer. Fruit large, ob- long and tapering to the eye. Skin yellowish white. Flesh -jvliite, soft, rather coarse; sprightly acid, juicy. Season August. Domino. — Tree a medium gi'ower and an early bearer. Fruit above medium size, globular tapering slightly to the eye. Skin yellowish white, with a pink blush. Season August. Eed Summer Peach. — Tree a strong grower. Fruit of medium size round, tapering to the eye ; skin golden yellow, nearly covered with bright red. Flesh soft, crisp, white, mildly acid, with a pleasant flavour. Season August. Beautiful Arl-ad. — Tree a strong and healthy grower. Fruit of medium size, ob- long, conical ; skin clear golden yellow, with a pale reddish blush. Flesh white, crisp, juicy, with a pleasant flavour, mildly acid. Season August. Lithsh Queen. — Tree a strong grower. Fruit large, oblong, conical ; skin yellovvish, nearly covered with splashes of bright red and a thin whitish bloom. Flesh white, crisp, juicy, mildly sub-acid, or nearly sweet. Season August. Madam Niemetz. — Tree a vigorous grower. Fruit of medium size, round, flat; skin green, sti'caked with dull red. Flesh greenish white, firm, juicy, mildly sub-acid, with a pleasant flavour. Season August. Taarenhorg. — Tree a vigorous open spreading grower. Fruit of medium size ; skin greenish yellow, with a pale blush on sunny side. Flesh white, a little coarse, juicy, crisp, mildly acid, with a pleasant flavour. Season August. Bed Pigeon. — Tree a vigorous grower and an early bearer. Fruit of medium size, conical ; skin yellow, striped and splashed with two shades of red. Flesh white, crisp, moderately juicy, mildly acid, with a pleasant flavor. Season August. Orange. — Tree a medium grower. Fruit of medium size, flattish, tapering a little to the eye; skin greenish yellow, with a faint, dull red blush. Flesh white, soft, juicy, sub-acid. Season August. Bed Summer Calville. — Tree a medium grower. Fruit small, conical, inclined to scab ; skin greenish yellow with stripes of dull red, flesh greenisli white, soft, juicy, with a pleasant flavour; sub-acid. Season August. Drap d'Or. — Tree a moderate grower. Fruit above medium size, roiiiidish, oblate ; skin dull greenish yellow with numerous small brown dots. Flesh yellowish, crisp, moderately juicy and mildly acid. Season August. Gold Prince. — Tree a vigorous grower. Fruit large, oblong, tapering sliglitly to eye ; skin whitish golden, striped with bright dear red. Flesh yellowish, tender, mildly sub-acid ; not juicy. Season August. Transparent de Croticelles. — Tree a strong grower and early bearer. Fruit large globular ; skin yellowish white, with a pink flush on sunny side. Flesh coarse, yellowish, moderately juicy and mildly acid. Season August. REPORT OF MR. TUOMAS A. SHARPE ,_ 539 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Cove. — Tree a moderate grower. Fruit of medium size, oblate ; skiti screen, nearly covered with dull red, aud small patches of russet. Flesh white, tender, with a pleasant flavour, mildly acid. Season August. Striped Juhj. — Tree a slow grower. Fruit of medium size, conical ; skin yellow, freely splashed and striped with red. Flesh w-hite, juicy, tender, with a pleasant flavour sub-acid. Season August. Early Joe. — Tree a slow grower. Fruit small, oblate, tapering a little to eye ; skin gTeenish yellow, splashed with red. Flesh white, crisp, tine grained, of a pk^a- sant flavour, mildly acid. Season August. Sylvan Sweet. — Tree a medium grower and an early bcai*er. Fruit sniall, rouud- ish, oblate ; skin yellow nearly covered with bright red ; flesh yellowish, crisp, not juicy, but sweet, with a pleasant flavour. Season August. White Transparent. — Tree a vigorous grower. Fruit of medium size, roundish, conical ; skin dull yellow, with stripes and splashes of pale red. Flesh white, soft moderately juicy ; mildly sub-acid, with a pleasant flavour. Season August. Moscow. — Tree a slow grower. Fruit of medium size, roundish ; skin greenish yellow, with a dull red cheek. Flesh white, juicy, soft, mildly sub-acid, witli a pleasant flavour. Season August. Baspherry. — Tree a moderate grower. Fruit of medium size, conical ; skin golden yellow, striped 'and splashed with bright red. Flesh white, crisp, tiuider. juicy, mildly sub-acid, with a pleasant flavour. Season August. Late Duchess. — Tree a medium grower. Fruit snuill. oblong, conical ; skin yel- lowish white, lightly striped with red. Flesh yellowisli, moderately juicy, soft, tender, sweet. Season August. Early Bipe. — Tree a vigorous grower. Fruit of medium size, roundish, conical, skin greenish yellow, with a pale reddish blush. Flesh white, cri-;p, moderately juicy, mildly acid, with a pleasant flavour. Season August. Colton. — Tree a vigorous grower and an early bearer. Fruit of medium size, oblong, conical ; skin yellow witli a purple flush nearly over the whole surface. Flesh white, firm, juicy, sub-acid, with a good flavour. Season early Oct >ber. Hibernal. — Tree a vigorous and healthy grower. Fruit large, conical ; skiii greenish with a red cheek. Flesh white, crisp, juicy, a little coarse, mildly acid. Sea- son September. Early Golden Margaret. — Tree a medium grower. Fruit of medium size, oblong, conical ; skin yellowish white. Flesh yellowish, firm, crisp, juicy, witli a pleasant flavour and mildly acid. Season September. Marseilles Summer. — Tree a medium grower. Fruit of medium size, conical ; skin yellow, with a reddish blush on the sunny side. Flesh white, moderately juicy, crisp, mildly acid, with a pleasant flavour. Season September. Cousinot Purple Bed. — Tree a free grower. Fruit small to medium, oblong coni- cal ; skin green with streaks and splashes of dull red. Flesh white, crisp, firm, mod- erately acid. Season October. Autumn Short Stem. — Tree a poor grower. Fruit small, round, flattened ; skin greenish with many whitish dots and a faint reddish blush on the sunny side. Flesh greenish white, juicy, crisp, mildly acid, with a pleasant flavour. Season September. Langtons. — Tree a strong grower and an early bearer. Fruit of medium size, globular, slightly flattened at stem and calyx ; skin yellowish green, splashed with two shades of red and many Vv'hite dots, and with a little russet abi;)Ut the stem. Flesh white, firm, juicj-, fine grained, mildly acid with a pleasant flavour. Season early September. Peasgoods Golden Beinclle. — Tree a vigorous grower and an early bearer. Fruit of medium size, conical ; skin smooth golden yellow, with a red clieck. Flesh yel- lowish, juicy, crisp, mildly acid, with a pleasant flavour. Season October. 540 EXPERIMEyTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Bosfic Queen. — Tree a medium grower. Fruit of medium size, oblate, conical, skin green with a dull red cheek and many grey dots. Flesh yellowish, firm, juicy, mildly sub-acid with a pleasant flavour. Season October. Barloff. — Tree a strong grower. Fruit small, conical ; skin green with a dull red cheek. Flesh white, moderately juicy, mildly acid, with a pleasant flavour. Season October. Orleans Beincite. — Tree a medium grower and an early bearer. Fruit small to mediimi, conical; skin gTeenish yellow, with a little russet about the stem, and a reddish blush on the cheek. Flesh white, firm, crisp, juicy, sprightly acid. Season October. Harvest Beinefte. — Tree a medium grower. Fruit of medium size, oblong, taper- ing a little to the eye : skin greenish russet, with n little bronzy blush. Flesh white, firm, juicy, mildly acid, with a pleasant flavour. Season October. Staar. — Tree a strong grower. Fruit of medium size, oblate ; skin greenish yellow, with many grey dots. Flesh white, crisp, juicy, sprightly, with a pleasant flavour. Season October. Gideon's Xo. 30. — Tree a vigorous grower. Fruit above medium size, oblate, hand- gome ; skin greenish yellow, striped and splashed with bright red. Flesh white, crisp, juicy, mildly acid, is liable to rot at the core. Season October. Bainfed Lady. — Tree a medium grower. Fruit above medium size, conical ; skin, greenish white with a dull red cheek, sprinkled with white dots, and covered with a thin whitish bloom. Flesh yellowish white, firm, moderately juicj', coarse grained, mildly acid with a pleasant flavour. Season October. Golden XoliJe. — Tree a medium grower. Fruit above medium size, oblate ; skin greenish yellow, sprinkled with many whitish dots. Flesh white, juicy, firm, mildly tub-acid, with a pleasant flavour. Season October. Lnndshnrg Beinetie. — Tree a strong grower. Fruit medium size, irregular, coni- cal, rather knotty; skin green with patches of rvisset about the stem. Flesh white, moderately juicy, firm, sub-acid, inclined to water core and spoil before fully ripe. Season October. Dr. Seelig's Orange. — Tree a strong grower. Fruit of medium size, globular taper- ing a little to the eye; skin greenish yellow. Flesh white, firm, juicy, sprightly not high flavoured, is liable to water core. Season October. . Enormous. — Tree a strong and spreading grower. Fruit medium to large, obtuse, conical, irregular in size and shape ; skin dull yellow, with a little russet about the stem. Flesh j-ellowish white,, coarse granular, moderately juicy, sub-acid. Season October. Thompson's Seedling, Xo. 06. — Tree a str(mg, spreading grower. Fruit of medium j;ize, oblate, slightly conical ; skin green, nearly covered with orange and splashed with l)right red. Flesh yellowish white, firm, crisp, fine grained, with a pleasant flavour. Season October. Thompson's Seedling, Xo. JfG. — Tree a strong grower. Fruit metlium to above medium size, oblate ; skin greenish yellow, shaded with dull red and having a sprink- ling of gray dots. Flesh white, fine grained, juicy, sprightly, with a fine and pleasant flavour. Season October. Thompson's Seedling, Xo. 2J^. — Tree a vigorous grower. Fruit of medium size, conical. Skin j-ellowish green, with a red blush. Flesh white, juiej', crisp, sub-acid, with a pleasant flavour. Season October. Colfax. — Tree a strong grower and an early bearer. Fruit above medium size, oblong, globular; skin yellowish green, nearly covered with deep red. Flesh crisp, juicy, 8ub-acid, with a pleasant flavour. Season October. REPORT OF MR. THOMAS A. SIIARPE 541 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Filippa. — Tree a medium grower. Fruit of medium size, oblong; skin yellow, with an orange reddish cheek, and many russet dots. Flesh white, tender, fine grained, mildly acid, with a fine pleasant flavour. Season October. Henzeii's Pearmain. — Tree a strong grower. Fruit of medium size, roundish glo- bular ; skin green, nearly covered with dull red. Flesh white, crisp, mildly acid, mode- rately juicy, with a pleasant flavour. Season October. The Queen. — Tree a moderate grower and an early bearer. Fruit large, oblate ; gkin greenish yellow, splashed and streaked with bright red. Flesh white, firm, juicy, crisp, with a good flavour ; mildly acid. Season October. Cellini. — -Tree a fair grower and free producer. Fruit of medium size, oblong, slightly conical ; skin greenish yellow, nearly overspread with deep red. Flesh white, crisp, juicy, often stained with red, mildly acid, with a pleasant flavour. Season October and November. Arnold's Beauty.- — Tree a strong and upright grower. Fruit of medium size, oblate, tapering slightly to eye; skin clear yellovi', with a bright red cheek. Flesh yellowish, fine grained, juicy, mildly svib-acid, with a pleasant aromatic flavour. Season October and November. Pioneer. — Tree a moderate grower. Fruit of medium size, round, flattened at the ends; skin yellow, with a light red cheek. Flesh yellowish, tender, juicy, sub-acid, with a pleasant flavour. Season October and November. Orange Pippin. — Tree a vigorous grower. Fruit of medium size, oblate ; skiti green- ish yellow, with a few white dots. Flesh yellowish white, juicy, tender, fine grained, mildly acid, with a pleasant flavour. Season October and November. Golden Ball. — Tree a strong grower. Fruit of medium size, conical, skin yellovx- with patches of russet about the stem. Flesh yellow, firm, fine grained, juicy, sub-acid, with a pleasant flavour. Season November. Early Almond. — Tree a strong grower and an early bearer. Fruit of medium size, round. Skin yellow striped and splashed over nearly the whole surface with light and dark red. Flesh white, firm, juicy, fine grained, mildly acid with a pleasant flavour. Seaison November. Sanspareil. — Tree a vigorous grower and an early bearer. Fruit of medium or below medium size, oblong, ribbed. Skin yellowish-green v^^ith a reddish tint, and a few small streaks of red on the sunny side. Flesh white, firm, juicy, mildly sub-acid. Season October and November. Claudius. — Tree a vigorous grower. Fruit small, round, flattened. Skin greenish- yellow. Flesh whitish, firm, juicy, sub-acid with a pleasant flavour. Season No- vember and December. Green Beinette. — Tree a medium grower and an early bearer. Fruit small, conical. Skin nearly covered with a dull reddish russet. Flesh greenish-white, firm, juicy sub- acid. Season November and December. Red Beinette. — Tree a free grower. Fruit above medium size, oblong, conical, skin greenish-yellow, with a purple red cheek on the sunny side, and sprinkled with white dots, a handsome fruit. Flesh yellowish, juicy, firm, fine grained, mildly acid with a pleasant flavour. Season November and December. Cossenza. — Tree a strong grower and an early bearer. Fruit small globulfir ; skin greenish-yellow, with patches of russet. Flesh yellowish, firm, moderately juicy, sweet, with a pleasant flavour. Season November and December. Marie. — Tree a medium grower. Fruit of medium size, roundish oblong ; skin green, splashed on the sunny side with streaks of bright red. Flesh white, firm, juicv sub-acid. Season December. Ildrod Pigeon. — Tree a medium grower. Fruit small, conical; skin green, with a dull red cheek and a few gray dots. Flesh white, juicy, fine-grained, mildly acid, with a fine pleasant flavour. Season November and December. 542 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Cranherry Seedling. — Tree a strong and upright grower, but slow in coming into bearing. Fruit small, roundish, conical ; skin yellow, with sometimes a faint bhi.^h and a few whitish dots. Plesh white, firm, medium juicy, sweet, with a ple.xssnt aromatic flavour. Season November and December. Muscat Beinette. — Tree a vigorous grower and an early bearer. Fruit of medium size, oblate, tapering slightly to the eye ; skin yellow, covered with a reddish-nissct, and splashed with deep red. Flesh yellowish, firm, juicy, mildly acid, with a fine pleasant flavour. Season December. E trail. — Tree a strong grower and an early bearer. Fruit large, roundish, conic; skin bright yellow with a blush on the sunny side. Flesh white, tender, juicy, sprightly, with a good flavour. Season December. McKinley. — Tree a vigorous grower and an early producer. Fruit below medium size, roundish flattened, skin greenish-yellow, nearly covered with dull red. Flesh white crisp, fine grained, juicy, mildly acid, with a pleasant flavour. Season December. Forest. — Tree a slow grower and a poor bearer. Fruit of medium size, oblong conical, ribbed, skin yellow nearly covered with dull red and sprinkled with gray dots. Flesh yellow, crisp, nearly sweet, juicy with a pleasant, somewhat aromatic flavour. Season December. Barton s Favourite. — Tree a vigorous grower and an early producer. Fruit small, conical, skin green, nearly covered with dull red and sprinkled with white dots. Flesh white, firm, juicy, sub-acid. Liable to be scabby. Season December. Bed Eiser. — Tree a strong grower. Fruit of medium size, conical, skin green with a deep red blush on the sunny side, and many white dots. Flesh greenish white, firm, fine grained, spicy, good. Season December. Dutch Golden Pippin. — Tree a moderate grower. Fruit below medium size, glob- ular, skin dull greenish-yellow. Flesh yellowish white, firm, fine grained, juicy with a pleasant flavour. Season December and January. Little Bed Winter. — Tree a slow and slender grower. Fruit below medium size, oblate conical, skin greenish-yellow striped and splashed with red. Flesh firm, white, juicy, mildly acid with a pleasant flavour. Season December. Zuzoff ^Yinter. — Tree a medium grower. Fruit of medium size, oblong, tapering a little to the eye; skin green, nearly covered with dull purple red, and scabby. Flesh white, juicy, firm, sprightly. Season December. Virginia Queen. — Tree a slow grower. Fruit small, conical; skin green, nearly covered with bright purple red. Flesh greenish, firm, moderately juicy, mildly acid. Season December. BudolpJi's Borsdorfer. — Tree a medium grower. Fruit small, round, flattened; skin greenish-yellow, with a faint blush. Flesh white, juicy, crisp, sub-acid, with a pleasant flavour. Season December. Shirl: — Tree a strong grower. Fruit of medium size, conical; skin green, with a small red cheek on the sunny side. Flesh white, juicy, fine grained, mildly acid, with a pleasant flavour. Season December. }yind.sor Chief. — Tree a medium grower. Fruit large, globular, ribbed, and slightly conical; skin green, nearly covered with dull red and sprinkled with whitish dots. Flesh greenish-white, firm and juicy, with a pleasant flavour; nearly sweet. Season December. Bloomless. — Tree a medium grower. Fruit below medium in size, globular; skin greenish-white, with a few small patches of dull red and a whitish bloom. Flesh firm, white, juicy, fine grained, sweet with a pleasant flavour. Season December. Golden Winter Pcarmain. — Tree a vigorous grower and an eai'ly bearer. Fruit of medium size, conical; skin orange-russet, with a little red on the sunny side. Flesh juicy, yellowish-white, firm, sub-acid and of fine flavour. Season December. REPORT 01' Uli. THOMAS A. HKARl'E 543 SESSIONAL PAPLR No. 16 New English Pigeon.— Tree a strong grower. Fruit below metllnm size, ennioal ; skin green, nearly overspread with dull red. Flesh white, juicy and sprightly. Sea- son December. Beaton House. — Tree a vigorous grower, and an early bearer. Fruit of medium size, oblate, tapering to the eye; skin clear golden yellow, with streaks of light and dark red. Flesh yellowish, firm, moderately juicy, sub-acid, with a pleasant flavour. Season December and January. Golden Queen. — Tree a strong grower and an early bearer. Fruit of medium size, oblong, conical irregularly ribbed ; skin yellow with an. orange red cheek, and a few greenish dots. Flesh whitish, firm, juicy, mildly acid, with a plea.sant flavour. Season December. GiU's Beautji. — Tree a moderate grower. Fruit large, globular, tapering a little to the eye ; skin green, striped and splashed with red. Flesh white, firm, moderately juicy, mildly acid, with a pleasant flavour. Season December. Pickard's Reserve. — Tree a medium grower. Fruit of medium size, oblate ; skin a russet yellow, with a small red blush on sunny side, and a few gray dots. Flesh juicy, yellowish, firm, sub-acid, with a pleasant aromatic flavour. Season December. Harrison. — Tree a strong grower and an early bearer. Fruit of medium size, globular, tapering a little to the eye ; skin greenish-yellow, with a small red blush in the sun. Flesh white, moderately juicy, firm, mildly acid. Season winter. Oherdick's Pearmain. — Tree a medium grower. Fruit of medium size, oblong, globular, tapering a little to the eye; skin green with a dull red check and a few splashes of brighter red. Flesh white, firm, juicy, sub-acid, with a fine spicy flavour. Season winter. DeaJc's Winter CalviUe. — Tree a strong grower. Fruit largo, conical, deeply ribbed ; skin greenish-yellow with a few whitish dots. Flesh white, firm, juicy, mildly acid, pleasant flavour. Season winter. Steednicne. — Tree a vigorous grower. Fruit small, conical; skin greenish-yellow. Flesh white, firm, juicy, sub-acid, with a pleasant flavour. Season winter. Flin tinge. — Tree a strong grower. Fruit of medium size, oblong, conical ; skin yellow, with a red cheek and small stripes of light red. Flesh yellowish, juicy, firm, fine-grained, with a pleasant flavour. Season winter. Boiken. — Tree a strong grower. Fruit of medium size, irregularly ribbed, conical; skin greenish with a red cheek and many white dots. Flesh white, firm, juicy, mildly acid with a pleasant flavour. Season winter. Bed Winter Sweet. — Tree a medium grower. Fruit of medium size, round conical; skin greenish-yellow, with streaks and patches of bright rod. Flesh yellowish, a little coarse, moderately juicy, very sweet. Season winter. Martha Washington. — Tree a strong grower. Fruit of medium size, oblong, glob- ular ; skin yellowish green, with a few patches of dull red. Flesh greenish-white, juicy, mildly acid, with a pleasant flavour. Season winter. Allen's Russet.— Tree a strong grower. Fruit small, conical ; skin grayish-russet, with a blush on the sunny side. Flesh white, crisp, juicy, mildly acid, with a pleasant flavour. Season winter. Springdale. — Tree a strong grower. Fruit small, globular ; skin green, nearly overspread with dull purple, and sprinkled with gray dots. Flesh greenish white, firm, juicy, mildly acid, inclined to scab. Season winter. Bright V\'ater. — Tree a strong grower. Fruit of medium size, conical ; ^kin green, with large patches of russet and a red blush on the sunny side. Flesh white, firm, •moderately juicy, nearly sweet. Season winter. Aiken. — Tree a vigorous grower. Fruit of medium size, globular : skin green, with a red cheek and stripes of red over nearly the whole surface. Flesh yellowiih- white, juicy, rather acid. Season winter. 544 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD V'lL, A. 1902 Yates Winter.— Tree a vigorous grower. Fruit small, conical ; skin green with a few stripes of red and many white dots, and a thin whitish bloom. Flesh greenish white, firm, juicy, mildly acid, with a pleasant flavour. Season winter. Court Pendu Eoyal. — Tree a vigorous grower. Fruit of medium size, flat; skin greenish-yellow, nearly covered with deep red. Flesh yellowish, erisi), moderately juicy, sprightly acid. Season winter. Pomme Grise. — Tree a slender medium grower. Fruit small, roundish, oblate; skin greenish gray, with russet and a small blush in the sun. Flesh white, tender, moder- ately juicy, with a rich flavour. Season winter. ^yandering Spi/. — Tree a strong and spreading grower. Fruit of medium size, oblate ; skin greenish-white with a dull red cheek in the sun. Flesh greenish-white, firm, juicy, mildly acid, with a pleasant aromatic flavor. Liable to scab. Season winter. Winter-Green. — Tree a strong grower. Fruit above medium in size, oblate, slightly conical ; skin russet-yellow. Flesh yellowish, moderately juicy, sub-acid with a pleasant flavour. Season winter. ■ Danver's Winter Sweet. — Tree a slow grower. Fruit small to medium, oblong, conical ; skin smooth dull yellow with a red cheek. Flesh yellow, firm, sweet with a tine flavour. Season winter. Lord Xelson. — Tree a medium grower. Fruit small, conical ; skin greenish- yellow with a faint blush on the sunny side. Flesh yellowish, crisp, moderately juicy, mildly acid, often deformed and scabbj'. Season winter. Bahhif. — Tree a strong grower. Fruit below medium size, conical ; skin greenish- yellow, with a dull red cheek on the sunny side. Flesh white, firm, moderately juicy, somewhat acid, often scabby and deformed. Season winter. Hyfill. — Tree a strong healthy gi'ower. Fruit small, oblate, conical ; skin green- ish, with purple nearly over the whole surface, and a few white dots. Flesh greenish- white, firm, juicy, mildly acid, with a pleasant flavour. Season winter. Xorth Carolina Limljer Twig. — Tree a medium grower. Fruit of medium size, conical ; skin green, with purple over nearly the whole surface. Flesh white, firm, juicy, nearly sweet with a pleasant flavour. Season winter. Edeldorfer. — Tree a strong grower. Fruit small, globular, tapering slightly to the eye ; skin yellowish-white, with a reddish cheek and a few whitish dots. Flesh yellow- ish, firm, juicy, mildly acid, with a pleasant flavour. Season Winter. Eed Winter Tauhen. — Tree a strong grower. Fruit below medium size, conical ; skiu green with a red cheek and many white dots. Flesh white, firm, juicy, mildly sub- acid, with a pleasant flavour. Somewhat scabby. Season winter. Blach Annette. — Tree a vigorous grower. Fruit small, roundish, conical ; skin green, with dark red nearly over the whole surface. Flesh firm, not juicy, sub-acid. Season winter. Maxey. — Tree only a moderate grower. Fruit of medium size, roundish, slightly conical ; skin green with a red cheek and a few stripes of dull red, and sprinkled with white dots. Flesh greenish-white, firm, mildly acid. Season winter. Cranberry Winter. — Tree a moderate grower. Fruit small, conical ; skin yellow, with a little red on the sunny side. Flesh white, firm, moderately juicy, with a pleas- ant flavour. Season winter. Parkers Pippin. — Tree a strong grower. Fruit below medium size, globular, slightly conical ; skin orange-russet, with occasionally a blush on cheek. Flesh white, juicy, mildly acid, with a pleasant flavour. Season winter. Spanish Borsdorf. — Tree a vigorous grower. Fruit large, roundish, conical ; skin greenish white with many gray dots. Flesh white, crisp, juicy, mildly sub-acid, firm, and of good flavour.. Season winter. REPORT OF MR. THOMAS A. SHARPS 545 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Banman's Beiuette. — Tree a vigorous grower and an carlj' bearer. Fruit small to medium, roundish oblate ; skin greenish-yellow, with a reddish blush and a few brown dots. Flesh yellowish, juicy, firm, fine-grained, nearly sweet, of good flavour. Season winter. Red Winter Pigeon. — Tree a moderate grower. Fruit of medium size, conical ; skin greenish-yellow, with a small red cheek and many white dots. Flesh white, firm, sprightly, acid. Season winter. Lincojn. — Tree a strong grower. Fruit medium to large, oblate, conical ; skin greenish-yellow, with a bright red blush and a few grayish dots. Flesh white, firm, moderately juicj% mildly acid, with a pleasant flavour. Season winter. Palmer Greening. — Tree a vigorous grower and an early bearer. Fruit above medium size, roundish, oblate ; skin yellowish-green, with a clear red cheek and many grey dots. Flesh white, crisp, juicy, sub-acid, with a pleasant aromatic flavour. Season winter. Brownlee's Busset. — Tree a vigorous grower. Fruit medium to large, roundish flattened ; skin green with a dull russet-red cheek. Flesh greenish-white, tender, juicy, aromatic, sweet. Season winter. Nelson Sweet. — Tree a vigorous grower and early bearer. Fruit of medium size, roundish, flattened ; skin dull greenish-yellow, with a bronze-red cheek. Flesh yel- lowish, firm, moderately juicy, sweet. Season winter. New Berner Bose. — Tree a strong grower. Fruit small, conical; skin greenish yellow, with splashes of dull red in the sun, and small whitish dots. Flesh greenish white, juicy, firm, sprightly, acid. Season winter. Aitshaulder. — Tree a medium grower. Fruit of medium size, conical; skin green- ish yellow, nearly overspread with dull red and with many white dots. Flesh greenish white, firm, juicy, mildly acid. Season winter. Spath's Seedling. — Tree a vigorous grower. Fruit of medium size, oblong conical ; skin green, nearly overspread with a deep red and a few white dots. Flesh white, juicy, firm, mildly acid. Season winter. Chelmsford ^Vonder. — Tree a vigorous grower. Fruit above medium size, oblnte, globe-shaped, ribbed; skin yellow, with a pink cheek and sprinkled with carmine dots. Flesh yellowish, firm, a little coarse, moderately juicy, mildly acid. Season Avinter. Ilimheer. — Tree a medium grower. Fruit small, globular; skin greenish white, with a little red on the simny side. Flesh white, crisp, moderately juicy, sweet. Sea- son winter. Calville Oherslehener. — Tree a strong grower. Fruit small, round, obtuse, conical; skin yellow with a bright clear, red cheek. Flesh yellowish, crisp, moderately juicy, with a pleasant flavour. Season winter. , Brakefield Seedling. — Tree a strong grower and early bearer. Fruit small, oblate, conical; skin yellow, splashed with two shades of red. Flesh white, firm, juicy crisp, with a fine aromatic flavour, nearly sweet. Season winter. Nor-western Greening.— Tree a strong grower and early producer. Fruit of medium size, globular, tapering a little to the eye ; skin greenish-yellow. Flesh white, fine-grained, juicy, mildly acid, with a pleasant flavour. Season winter. Kennedy Seedling. — Tree a strong grower and free producer. Fruit of medium size, irregularly globe shaped; skin greenish-yellow, nearly covered with deep red and sprinkled with a few white dots. Flesh white, often stained with red, crisp, juicy, Eub-acid, with a pleasant flavour. Season winter. Lady Finger. — Tree a vigorous grower. Fruit of medium size, oblong, conicnl ; skin yellow, freely splashed with red and sprinkled with brovv-n dots. Flesh whitish, firm, not juicy, nearly sweet. Season winter. 10—35 516 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Korcia. — Treo a moderate grower. Fruit small, conical; skin yellow, nearly covered with streaks and splashes of red in two shades. Flesh white, firm, juicy, mildly acid, with a pleasant flavour. Season winter. Counsillor Niemetz. — Tree a vigorous grower. Fruit of medium size, round, flat; skin greenish-yellow, with red over nearly the whole surface, and a few whitish dots. Flesh yellowish-white, juicy, tender, mildly acid, with a pleasant aromatic flavour. Season winter. PEARS. The same cause that prevented the blossoms on the apple trees from setting, affected the pears also. Many of the young trees and all of the old ones were full ^f bloom, but very few had any fruit, the blossoms falling without forming fruit at all. The Bartlett, Vicar of Winkfield and the Keiifer gave light crops, and the Beurre Clairgeau had a few specimens. These formed the larger part of ths crop on the older trees. The following pears fruited for the first time : KoolstocTi. — Tree a medium grower. Fruit above medimn size, pyriform tapering sharply to the stem, which is one inch long; skin whitish green, with many small gray dots. Flesh white, juicy, smooth, fine-grained, gritty near the core, and a little astrin- gent. Season last of August. Loriol de Barney. — Tree a moderate grower. Fruit long pear shape, smooth and tapering to a point at the stem ; skin greenish, nearly covered with orange and sprinkled with small gray dots. Flesh whitish, fine-grained, juicy, sweet, with a pleasant flavour. Season September. King Sohiesl-i. — Tree a slow grower. Fruit blunt pyriform, of medium size; skin orange vvith a reddish cheek and freely sprinkled with gray dots. Flesh whitish, fine- grained, juicy, sweet, with a pleasant flavour. Season, September. Madam Verte. — Tree a slow gi-owor. Fruit of medium size, almost globular; skin greenish orange, with a bright orange cheek. Flesh white, sweet, not very juicy, aro- matic. Season September. Diel's August. — Tree a strong grower. Fruit above medium size, obtuse pyrifoi'm; skin orange-yellow, with many brown dots and patches of russet. Flesh yellowish, coarse grained, slightly astringent. Xot of fine quality. Season October. . Boisbunel. — Tree a strong grower. Fruit small, pyriform; skin greenish yellow, with a bronze red cheek and many brown 'dots. Flesh whitish, a little coarse, jiiicy, sweet, with a pleasant flavour. Season October. Beurre Dumortier. — Tree a medium grower. Fruit of medium size, roundish, pyriform; skin yellowish-green, with patches of russet and many russet dots. Flesh greenish white, juicy, fine-grained, sweet. Season October. Coloma. — Tree a strong grower. Fruit small, pjTif orm ; skin greenish yellow, with large patches of russet and many russet dots. Flesh white, juicy, breaking, with a pleasant vinous flavour. Season October. Crassane d'Automne. — Tree a medium grower. Fruit of medium size, ovate, pyri- form; skin yellowish russet green, sprinkled with russet dots. Flesh coarse-grained, not juicy, but sweet and of a pleasant flavour. Season October. Dr. Gromier. — Tree a strong grower. Fruit below medimn size, roundish, pyri- form ; skin green, with a bronze-red cheek and small patches of russet. Flesh white, juicy, breaking, sweet, with a pleasant flavour. Season October. Liiizette. — Tree a medium grower. Fruit above medium size, oblong, obtuse, pyriform ; skin greenish yellow, with a little red on the sunny side. Flesh whitish, fine grained, buttery, juicy, sweet. Season last of October^ REPORT OF MR. THOMAS A. SHARPS 54I SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 King Charles. — Tree a vigorous grower. Fruit large, oblong, obtu.se. pyriform; skin gi'cenisli, nearly covered with russet and sprinkled with yellow dots. Flesh white, fine grained, juicy, slightly astringent. Season last of October and November. Calixle Mlgnot. — Tree a moderate grower. Fruit below medium size, long, smooth, pyriform; skin smooth, yellow, with a russet-reddish cheek and a few small brown dots. Flesh white, fine grained, juicy, with a pleasant flavour. Seas m November. Siven'islicr. — Tree a vigorous grower. Fruit of mediuni size or below medium, roundish, obovate ; skin green, shading to yellowish-green. Flesh white, juicy, tender, melting, with a sweet pleasant flavour. Season November. PLUMS. The plum trees never were more promising or more laden with bloom than last spring, even very small trees recently planted were full of flower, but beginning to blos- som as they did in the latter part of March, and in the first part of April, when the wea- ther was unfavourable for the proper fertilization of the flowers or for the development of the young plum, the result was disappointing. At the same time much wet weather prevented effective spraying, and was favourable for the development of fungus dis- eases, and in many cases the brown rot had attacked the fruit before it was half grown. A few of the trees were spraj'ed seven times from just before the breaking of the buds until the fruit was three-quarters grown, but the spraying was of little benefit, often being washed off soon after it had been applied, and thus did not prevent the rot. Some varieties appear to be particularly susceptible of rot and are a menace to other sorts that perhaps would otherwise escape. In the following list short descriptions are given of those sorts that fruited for the first time this season : — Meroldt's Heine Claude. — Tree a strong grower. Fruit below medium size, globular, with a shallow suture ; skin pale yellow. Flesh yellowish, firm, not juicy or very sweet. Season middle of September. Meiz Mirahelle. — -Tree a strong grower. Fruit small, globular; skin yellow. Flesh yellow, firm, juicy, sweet, stone very small. Season middle of August. Brauman. — Tree a medium grower. Fruit small to medium, globular ; skin green- ish yellow, with a whitish bloom. Flesh greenish, not juicy, sweet, with a pleasant flavour. Season last of August. Chester. — Tree a strong grower. Fruit below medium size, oval ; skin dark red or nearly purple, with a thin bloom. Flesh greenish, moderately juicy, sweet. Season early September. Mont fort. — -Tree a medium grower. Fruit of medium size, globular, with a deep r.uture ; skin reddish purple, with a white bloom. Flesh greenish, not juicy, sweet, with a pleasant flavour. Season last of August. Catharine. — Tree a medium grower. Fruit medium to large, egg-shaped ; skin reddish, with a white bloom. Flesh yellow, sweet, juicy, with a pleasant flavour. Sea- son last of August. Late Muscatel. — Tree a strong grower. Fruit of fAcdium size, roundish, one side enlarged ; skin reddish with a white bloom. Flesh greenish, sweet, rather dry, of good flavour. Season early September. Throop. — Tree a strong grower. Fruit belo^r medium size, oval, tapering to each end ; skin light red, with a whitish bloom. Flesh yellowish, and very juicy, sweet, with a pleasant flavour. Season early September. Bed Egg. — Tree a vigorous grower. Fruit small, oblong with neck, one side enlarged ; skin reddish. Flesh yellowish, sweet, rather dry, and granular. Season early September. IG— a5i 5i8 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Dry's Seedling. — Tree a free grower. Fruit small to medium, oval ; skin red- dish yellow, with a few brown dots. Flesh yellow, sweet and juicy, with a pleasant flavour. Season early September. Partridge. — Tree a strong grower. Fruit of medium size, roundish, with a suture ; skin red, with a white bloom. Flesh yellowish, rather dry, sweet, with a pleasant flavour. Season early September. Blue Egg. — Tree a medium grower. Fruit below medium size, oblong, egg-shaped, with a shallow suture ; skin light red, with a white bloom. Flesh yellowish, Arm, moderately juicy, sweet, with a pleasant flavour. Season middle of September. Swan's Yellow. — Tree a strong upright grower. Fruit of medium size, roundish, globe-shaped, suture deep, with a depression at each end. Flesh yellow, juicy, a little coarse, moderately sweet, with a pleasant flavour. Season middle of September. Britzcr Egg. — Tree a vigorous grower. Fruit below medium size, egg-shaped ; skin yellow. Flesh yellow, juicy, sweet, with a pleasant flavour, a little coarse in the grain. Season middle of September. Kiemhurg Egg. — Tree a vigorous grower. Fruit of medium size, egg-shaped ; skin pale, dull red, with a whitish bloom. Flesh yellow, firm, moderately juicy, sweet, with a pleasant flavour. Season early and middle of September. Stepioe. — Tree a strong grower. Fruit below medium size, egg-shaped ; skin pur- ple, with a thin bloom. Flesh yellowish, juicy and sweet, with a pleasant flavour. Season September. Mistahe. — Tree a strong grower. Fruit above medium size, oblong oval, with a suture and one side enlarged ; skin purple, with a white bloom. Flesh yellowish, a lit- tle coarse, juicy, sweet, with a pleasant flavour. Season September. Large English Damson. — Tree a strong and upright grower. Fruit a large Dam- son ; skm purple, with a thin bloom. Flesh greenish, juicy, with a pleasant flavour. Season last of September. The varieties of trees with fruit free or nearly free from rot this year were Mon- arch, Mitchelson, Sultan, Annie Spath, Clyman, Cochet Pere and Blue Apricot. Of those described as fruiting for the first time, some were free from rot and some were not, but another season will give more evidence on which to base an opinion as to their power to resist this disease. CHEEEIES. The cherry trees were very full of bloom this year, but during the blossoming period there were two frosts, and almost continuous cold rains, and most of the blossoms failed to fertilize, and as the rains continued through May and most of June, spray- ing was not effective, and the few cherries that did grow were many of them destroyed by the brown rot. A few of the young trees produced a few specimens, some of which, if they can be protected from the rot will be of value in this province. The fol'lowing brief descriptions are presented as to the character and date of ripening of the new sorts which have fruited here for the first time this season : — Royal Morello. — Tree a medium grower. Fruit medium to small, round flattened; skin bright glossy red. Flesh juicy, pleasant, sprightly acid, firm. Season early July. WinMer's \yhite. — Tree a strong grower. Fruit medium to large, heart-shaped, skin yellowish red. Flesh firm, juicy, sweet. Season early July. REPORT OF MR. THOMAS A. SEARPE 549 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Kirchcimer.— Tree a strong grower. Fruit of medium size, roundish oval ; skin dark glossy red. Flesh mild, pleasantly acid. Season early July. Fromm's Heart.— Tree a strong grower. Fruit of medium size, heart-shaped ; skin dark glossy red. Flesh firm, juicy, sweet, and of pleasant flavour. Season early July. Beauty ^ of Marie nhohe.—T roe a stnoug grower. Fruit small, roundish heart- sliaped; skin light red with golden dots. Flesh yellowish, moderately juicy, sweet. Season early July. ^Seedling No. 1. — Tree a vigorous grower. Fruit large, obtusely heart-shaped; skin glossy red. Flesh firm, juicy, sweet with a pleasant flavour. Season early July. Seedling No. 2.— Tree a moderate grower. Fruit medium to large, heart-shaped ; skin bright red. Flesh firm, moderately juicy, sweet. Season early July. Seedling No. 4.— Tree a strong grower. Fruit large, obtusely heart-shaped ; skin yellowish red. Flesh yellowish, juicy, tender, pleasantly acid. Season early July. Seedling No. 9. — Tree a strong grower. Fruit small to medium in size, heart- shaped ; skin dark red. Flesh tender, juicy, moderately sweet, with a pleasant flavour. Season early July. Guhen.— Tree a medium grower. Fruit of luedium size, round, flattened ; skin dark glossy red. Flesh red, tender, juicy, and pleasantly acid. Season early July. H edel finger.— TreQ a strong groAver. Fruit large, heart-shaped ; skin dark red. Flesh firm, sweet, with a pleasant flavour. Season middle of July. Schmehls. — Tree a vigorous grower. Fruit large, obtusely heart-shaped ; skin mottled, yellow and pale red. Flesh tender, juicy, and sweet, with a pleasant flavour. Season middle of July. S-eedling No. 19. — Tree a medium grower. Fruit of medium size, oval ; skin yel- lowish red. Flesh tender, juicy and sweet, with a pleasant flavour. Season middle of July. Wcichsel Ostheim.— Tree a medium grower. Fruit of medium size, roundish ; skin dark glossy red. Flesh juicy, tender, slightly acid, with a pleasant flavour. Sea- son middle and last of July. Liicien. — Tree a strong grower. Fruit heart-shaped ; skin pale yellowish red. Flesh juicy, tender, sweet and rich. Season middle of July. Berlin Amarelle. — Tree a vigorous grower. Fruit medium to large, oval ; skin dark glossy red. Flesh tender, juicy and pleasantly acid. Season middle and last of July. Germersdorf.— Tree a strong grower. Fruit large, obtusely heart-shaped ; skin glossy red. Flesh yellowish red, tender, juicy, sweet, with a pleasant flavour! Season last of July. Princess.— Treo a moderate grower. Fruit very large, heart-shaped ; skin light red. Flesh pale yellowish red, tender, juicy, sweet, with a pleasant flavour. Season, middle and last of July. Shadow Amarelle. — Tree a medium grower. Fruit of medium size, oval ; skin dark red. Flesh dark red, tender, juicy, mildly acid, with a pleasant flavour. Season, middle and last of July. PEACHES, APRICOTS AND NECTARINES. The peach, apricot and nectarine trees were very beautiful with bloom about the last of March. One peach and not one apricot or nectarine was the result from the • These seedlings under numbers have all been produced at the Experimental Farm 550 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 orchards on the valley level. On the mountain, at about GOO feet elevation, a few Ams- den and Foster trees had a light crop. ALMOXDS. The Hard-shell Almonds bloomed but bore ,no fruit, and none of the soft-shell varieties have ever had any fruit, while the trees are large f.nd thrifty and old enough to have borne several crops. As these seem to be useless in this climate, it is scarcely worth while continuing their cultivation. QUINCES. ConsianiinopJe. — Tree a free grower. Fruit medium size, pear-shape ; skin smooth clear orange. MEDLARS. All the medlars produced a crop, blooming as they do very late in May, they are pretty sure of mild weather, and always produce a crop. GRAPES. The grape vines made a vigorous growth, but were very late in starting and also very late in blooming, averaging 21 days later than previous years. The fruit in most instances failed to set and even the earliest sorts were not nearly ripe by October 1. SMALL FRUITS. There was a fairly good crop of small fruits this year. The blossoms were some- what injured by the cold rains, and the frequent rain in June made the strawberries soft, and much of the crop was unfit for any but a local market. The rain also in- jured the currants, but the raspberries, black caps and black berries had fine weatlkcr for ripening and were of very good quality. REPORT OF MR. THOMAS A. SHARPE SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 RED AND WHITE CURRANTS. 551 Date of Ripen- ing. Growth Name. of Plant. Size of Fruit. Quality. Productivene.ss. Knight's Earlv July 7 V^igoroiis . . . Small Cluster short, fairly well fill- Moderately produc- (red.) ed, good flavour. tive. La Fertile II 7 II Large Cluster long, well filled, very good quality. Productive. New Red Dutch II 7 " Large mediinn Cluster medium in length, well filled, good quality. " La Turinese. . . . M 7 " Medium Cluster medium in length, well filled, good qiiality. " Fay's Prolific. . 7 Large Cluster long, well filled, good quality. II Large White 7 II 11 Clusterlong,well filled, sweet, „ Brandenburg good flavour, very fine. Fraue n d o r f e r 7 11 11 Cluster long, well filled, good „ (red.) flavour. Verrier's White II 7 11 Large medium Cluster long, not well filled, good flavour. Moderately i^roduc- tive. C h e n o n e e a u 7 II Large Cluster long, well filled. Productive. (red.) sweet, fine flavour. Eyatt's New II 7 II Large medium Cluster long, fairly well fill- „ White. ed, good flavour. Red Gondoin. . . 8 II Small Cluster short, not well filled, poor quality. Not productive. White Pearl.... 8 II Medium Cluster medium in length, not very well filled, good flavour. Moderately produc- tive. Victoria 8 II Large Cluster medium in length, not well filled, fairly good flavour. " Red Clierry 8 II Cluster long, moderately well filled, quality fair. " No. 51 8 " Small Cluster short," fairly well fill- ed, sweet, good flavour. " London Red . . . 8 Large medium Cluster long, fairly well fill- Productive, ed, small, good flavour. Wliite Esperen . 9 Small Cluster, short, fairly well fill- Moderately produc- ed, sweet, good flavour. tive. Large White. . . 9 Large medium Clu.?ter medium in length. Productive, well filled, good flavour. Rankin's Red. . ,1 10 Small Cluster short, acid, not very Not productive. good. Cluster medium, sweet, good. Productive. La Hative II 10 Medium Moore's Ruby. . 1. 10 Small Cluster medium in length. Moderately produc- not well filled, acid, fair tive. flavour. 1 Prince Albert. . 1, 10 11 Large medium Cluster long, moderately well n filled, good flavour. White Grape. . . II 10 II Cluster medium in length, well filled, good quality. " Versailles (red.) II 10 Medium Cluster medium in length, well filled, good quality. '• North Star ,1 10 " Cluster medium in length, fairly well filled, good fla- vour. Productive. Red Dutch II 10 Cluster medium in length. well filled, acid, -but good flavour. La Conde .... ,1 10 Cluster medium in length. Moderately produc- not well filled, good flavour. tive. White Imperial. II 10 Moderately vigorous. Large medium Cluster medium in length, i, fairly well filled, sweet, good flavour. Large White M 12 Vigoi-ous . . . Large Cluster long, well filled, acid, ,, Dessert. good flavour. | Large Red M 12 II Medium Cluster long, well filled, good, n -- flavour. ' 552 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 RED AND WHITE CURRANTS — Concluded. Date of Ripen- ing. Growth Name. of Plant. Size of Fruit. Quality. Productiveness. English Red... -. 12 Large medium 1 Cluster long, well filled, good Productive. qualitv. Raby Castle.... .. 12 .. Large Cluster long, well filled, acid, good flavour. " Cham p a i g n e r „ 12 11 Small Cluster medium in length, Moderately produc- (white.) fairly well filled, good fla- tive. vour. Ringen's (red). . .. 13 ii „ Cluster medium in length, Productive. fairly well filled, good fla- vour. White Cherry.. " 15 " Large medium Cluster long, well filled, sweet, good flavour. " Beauty of St . .. 15 Moderat e 1 y Large Cluster long, well filled, good „ Giles. vigorous. flavour. De la Rochepoze .. 15 " Small Cluster short, not verv well Moderately produc- fiUed, acid, fair flavour. tive. White Dutch. . . .. 15 Vigorous . . . Medium Cluster medium in length, well filled, acid, good fla- vour. " White Trans- „ 15 ■1 1, Cluster medium in length, ,, parent. fairly well filled, good fla- \our. • i i BLACK CURRANTS. Ruler July 8 Vigorous — Medium Cluster medium in length, mild, sweet, good flavour. Moderately ti\e. produc- Stirling 8 II ,1 Cluster medium in length, II „ flavour a little rank. Bang Up 8 . Large ". . Cluster long, mild, sweet flavour. " " Dominion . . . „ 10 1 Medium Cluster short, mild, good flavour. " " Lennox ,1 10 • . .... Cluster medium in length, fairly good flavour. ,1 " .A.!nbrafarbidge. „ 10 . Large Cluster medium in length, mild, good flavour. " " Victoria „ 10 . Cluster medium in length, sweet, good flavour. Productive. Gewohnliche . . . 1, 10 1 " Cluster short, mild, good flavour. Moderately tive. produc- Beauty „ 10 1 Medivmi . . Cluster short, sweet, fairly gcjod flavour. Not producti ve. Star M 10 , „ Cluster medium in length. Moderately produc- sweet, pleasant flavour. tive. London „ 11 1 Cluster medium in length, good quality. " " Success M 11 Cluster long, sweet, mild flavour. " " Parker M 11 , Small Cluster medium in length, ,, n flavour rank. .1 12 Moderately vigorous. Medium Cluster medium in length, mild, pleasant flavour. " ,, Middlese.x „ 12 Moderately vigoious. Medium Cluster medium in length, quality fair. " " Kenlisli Hero. . 1, 12 Vigorous . . " Cluster medium in length acid good flavour. Pioducti\e. Stewart >. 12 ■ r ... Cluster medium in length, flavour a little rank. " Wood 1, 12 -1 Cluster medium in length, fair quality. .Moderately tive. produc Lanark 1, 12 ,, Cluster short, flavour rank.. ,, ,, Eagle „ 12 „ i Large medium Cluster long, thick skin. II „ I J fla\our rank. REPORT OF MR. THOMAS A. SHARI'h] SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 BLACK CURRANTS — Concluded. 553 Name. Date of Ripen- ing. Growth of Plant. Size of Fruit. Qualitj'. Productiveness. Black Naples. . . Ethel Oxford July 12 12 14 14 14 14 15 10 17 17 17 17 18 18 IS Vigorous Moderately vigorous. Vigorous Large medium Medium. . . Small Medium . , . Large Very large .... Large Small M Cluster long, sweet, mild flavour. Cluster medium in length acid fair flavoar. Cluster medium in length, quality fair. Cluster medium in length, mild, sweet, good flavour. Cluster short, flavour rank . . Cluster long, flavour good . . . Cluster medium in length, flavour fairly good. Cluster short, acid, flavour rank. Cluster long, sweet, good flavour. Cluster short, flavour rank. Cluster long, acid, flavour rank. Cluster long, acid, quality fair. Cluster long, sweet, good flavour, the best we have. Cluster long, sweet, good flavour, next in quality to Pomona. Cluster medium in length, sweet, good flavour. Cluster short, not very good qualty. Cluster short, flavour rank. . Moderately tive. Not producti Productive. Not producti Productive. Moderately tive. Productive. Moderately tive. Productive. II Moderately tive. Not producti produc- II Norton Bella Monarch Lee's Prolific. . . Kentville .... Henrv . • . . pro.luc- Ogden's Black. . Ontario Climax . Pomona Prince of Wales Lewis produc- produc- ve. Baldwin Manitoba Wild. i 20|Not vigorous 20 Vigorous.. . . RED AND YELLOW R ASl'BERRIES. Hansel 1 Thompson Crimson Beauty Marlboro Champion : Phoenix Battler's Giant. Arnold's Hybrid Paragon Northumberl'nd Fill Basket. Belle de Fon- tenay. Carter's Prolific Sugar of Metz. . New FastoUf. . . June July Vigorous Moderat e 1 y vigorous. Vigorous . . . Small Medium . Small . . . . . jLarge . . . . . (Medium. . . Large medium . . iVery large.. . . . . ,Large"hiedium Moderat e ly ^Small prolific. Vigorous Crumbly, light red, round, good flavour. Moderately firm, round, bright red, good flavour. Firm, round, bright red, good flavour. Firm, round, bright red, good flavour. Soft, sweet, quality only fair. Firm, round, bright red, good flavour. Moderat('ly firm, dark red, fair flavour. Crumlily, roimd, light red, fair flavour. Firm, bright red, sweet, fair cjuality. Firm, cohical, dark red, very good quality. Firm, dark red, round, good quality. Firm, sweet, fair flavour Productive. Large medium Soft, yellow, round, sweet, I not of very much value. Large jFirm, conical, dark red, sweet, good quality; continues I long in bearing. Moderately produc- tive. Productive. Moderately produc- tive. Productive. 554 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD Vli., A. 1902 RED AKD YELLOW RASPBERRIES — Continued. Name. Large Yellow. . Lord Beacons- field. Herrenhau spr Red Perpetual K. B. Whyte. Garnet. Malta . Date of Ripen- Jiilv French V i c e - President . Knevit's Giant. A u t u m n Sur- prise. B a u m f o r t h Seedling. Wilder Brinckle's Orange. Golden Queen. All Summer.. . Muskingum. . . Caril.oo Wild . Turner Sarah Guinea Mary Lady Anno . . Shar]>e Craig Percy Muriel Bee Hive Queen of the Market. Red Herrenhau- ser. Shaffer's Colos- sal. Garfield La INIercier Chili I Dukeof Brabantl Growth of Plant. Size of Fruit. Quality. Productiveness. Vigorous . . . [Large iFinn, obtu.se, conical, dull Productive. I yello'.v, sweet. 11 |Firni, round, a bright red, I sweet, good flavour. Medium .... jFirm, round, dark red, sweet. Moderately prod.ic- 1 fair flavour. j tive. Large iModeratelj' firm, round, dark i Productive. red, sweet, good flavour. | Small jFirm, i>ur[)lish-red, round, Not productive. not very good quality. I Medium I Soft, yellow, round, good! « flavour. Moderately vigorous. Vigorous Moderately vigorous. Vigorous, 8 10 10 10 10 10 10 10! I 10| 10 10 10 Feeble 10 Vigorous . 10' 10 Feeble i 10 V igorous . . I 13 Moderate 1 y 1 vigorous. 13 Vigorous . . 13 13 13 13 13 14!Moderately I vigorous. 14 Vigorous . . . 14i Very large .. . . iFirm, conical, dark red, sweet, I good flavour, but adheres too tightly to the core. Large i Crumbly, round, bright red, I sweet, good flavour. Large mediura!Sc)ft, yellow, round, not very good. Small me:] ivnn! Moderately firm, round, dark I red, sweet, flat flavour. Medium JModerately firm, sweet, fairly i good flavour. Large 'Soft, sweet, good flavour I 'Firm, sweet, good ;' best yel- 1 low rasplierry we have. It IFirm, conical, bright red, j good flavour. Small medium Crumbly, dark red, sweet Small . . Medium Productive. Not productive. Productive. Not productive. Soft, crumbly, tart, good flavour. Crumblj', round, bright red, sweet. Large medium; Firm, round, bi-ight red, very good quality. .'^mall Round, purplish red, not Not productive. good. I Round, red, poor flavour I n Yellow, soft, flat flavour. . . Red, sweet, not very good . Large Moderately tive. Rather soft, clear red, good, Productive, flavour Large medium [Firm, ])urplish red, sweet, good flavour. Firm, dark red, round, good fl..avoiir. Crumbly, dark red, sweet, good Havour Firm, dark red, sweet, good Productive i quality ; like Cuthbert. I Medium jFirm, large, dark red, round, „ I fair flavovir. | Large Firm, purplish red, acid , lU'oduc- Medium i Moderately firm, red, round, 1 good flavour. Large Crumblj-, large, round, dark red, sweet, good flavour. Moderately firm, large, dark red, sweet, good flavour. Firm, roundisli conical, bright red, sweet, very good quality Large medium Lai'ge REPORT OF MR. TIIOMAH A. SHARPE 555 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 RED AXD YELLOW uxfiUBKRiUKH— Concluded. Date of Ripen- ing. Growth Size Name. of of Quality. Pioductiveness. Plant. Fruit. Col. Wilder.... July 14 Feeble Medium .. . . Soft, pale yellow, sweet, not Moderately produc- of much value. tive. Empire M 15 11 ... Small Firm, round, acid, not very Not productive. good. Soft, red, sweet, good flavoui", n Hebner ,. 15 Vigorous . . . Medium not of much value. Cutlibert M 15 . . Large Firm, conical, dark red, very Very p^oductive. good quality. Moderately firm, large, fair Moderately produc- Hornet „ 15 Feeble Small medium. flavour. ti ve. Clarke M 15 Vigorous . . . Medium Moderately firm, conical, red, sweet, fair flavour. Productive. Carleton „ 15 " " Firm, round, red, sweet, good flavour. " Fastolff .. 17 .. 17 " Large Firm, red, sweet „ Pauline Rather soft, round, dark red. crumbly, sweet, good flavour. Miller .. 17 " Medium Large, round, red, sweet, good flavour. " Nonpareil M 17 ,, •Small sweet, good flavour. Barnet .. 17 Moderate 1 y Medium Soft, round, red, sweet, not Not productive. vigorous. good quality. Oregon La to . . . .. 17 II Firm, sweet, fair flavour. Lizzie „ 24 Feeble Round, red, sweet Moderately produc- tive. Franconia u 24 Moderate 1 y vigorous. Small Not of any value ti II Queen Victoria. ., 24 Vigorous . . . Medium Crumbly, red, quality fair. . . II II Sir John „ 24 Small medium Crumbly, red, acid, not of Productive, much value. | Goliath M 24 11 ... Large medium Moderately firm, round, dark n red, sweet, good flavour. Prince of Wales >, 24 Moderate 1 y Medium Firm, round, dark red, sweet, Moderately produc- vigorous. good flavour. tive. BLACK CAP R.VSPBKItniE.S. Smith's Prolific, Early Ohio Nemaha. ... Older Conrath Lovett . . ., Cromwell American Yel- low Cap. Kansas Palmer Ada Gregg Progress Jackson's May King. Hopkins July Vigorous. . .Medium ... . . Large medium Large . Large medium . Large M o derately Med ium . vigorous, i Vigorous.. . . I It iSmall... j Medium. Large iSmall medium i Medium Fairly good quality Not very good quality Fine flavour, good quality.. . . (iood quality A fine flavoured, handsome berry ; a little acid. Good quality Fairly good quality Sweet, good quality Productive. Fairly good quality. Very good quality I „ Sweet, good quality ' i, Poor quality Moderately produc- i ti\e. ( lOod quality i Productive. 556 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 BLACKBERRIES. Name. Earl}^ King . . Miniiewaska.. Early Harvest Early Cluster Agawam. ... Snyder . Hansel. . Brunton Ohmer .. Stone's Hardy, Erie Date of Ripen- ing. Aug. 6 6 7 7 II 7 Taylor's Prolific Eldorado . Wilson's Early Tecuuiseh Kittatinny. ... Wilson .lunior. Iilaxwell Lawton Oregon Ever bearing. Growth of Plant. Size of Berry. Vigorous.. Quality. Productiveness. Moderately Small vigorous. I Feeble | „ M o derately Large vigorous. I Vigorous. Large inediumGood quality .1 . IFirin, good quality Medium .... Quality only fair Sweet, firm, good quality. . . . Large medium Fine appearance and good quality. Very good quality Not very good quality 12 14 M oderatelj- vigorous. 14 Vigorous.. . . Large medium Large Very large .... Large medium Small Not good quality Fairly good quality Firm, sweet, good quality.. . . A little acid, but good quality "Sweet, good quality Sweet, very fine flavour, good quality. Finn, good quality Not very goo J quality .\I o d erately vigorous. Vigorous.. . . Aug. lOlVery vigor- toOct.l5 ous. Large medium Medium Large n.edium Acid ; fairly good quality. Good quality Not very good quality. Quality fair Large Qualitj' good w hen very ripe, a little acid. Productive. Not productive. Productive. ^Moderately produc- tive. Not productive. Productive. Moderately produc- tive. Productive. Not productive. Moderately produc- tive. Productive. Moderately produc- tive. Very productive. STRAWBERRIES. Arrow Eleanor Dayton Chairs Anna Kenedy. Van Deman . . . Alpha Iowa Beauty . . Alexander II. . Omega Eisscl Timbrell. ... Bonnie Lass. . . I'randywine.. . June Vigorous Vigorous^ Medium. .... jFirm ; bright red ; sweet, good flavour. Large medium Firm ; dark red; round; good flavour, sweet. Large Firm; deep red; conical; sweet, good flavour. Large medium Firm ; bright red ; conical ; I sweet, fine flavour. Medium iFirm ; sweet, good quality. . . M 'Finn; dark red; conical; '• good quality. Large medium Firm ; red ; round ; fairly good quality. Large Firm ; bright red ; very good I quality. Medium IFirm; bright red; sweet, I good flavour. Productive. Large Mod erately Medium vigorous Rather soft ; light red ; irreg ular in shape ; stem loiij and strong. Firm ; sweet, good quality stem long and strong. Firm ; sweet, good quality. . . I Large medinm Firm ; conical; dark red; 1 J good quality ; stem sliort. Not productive. Productive. Moderately pioduc- tive. Productive. Moderately produc- tive. Productive. Moderately produc- tive. REPORT OF MR. THOMAS A. SUARPE SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 STRAWBERRIES — Concluded. 557 Name, Date of Kip Pil- ing. Growth of Plant. Size of Berrj' Warfic4d Windsor Chief. Greenville Maxwell Tennessee Pro- lific. Devereau Mary Weston Lax ford Hall. . . Dr. Hogg Crockett's Choice. Improved West- brook. Michigan .... H. VV. Beecher. Improved Ju-j cunda. ' Magooii British Queen. . Imperial New- man. Sir Joseph Pax- ton. Empress Euge- nie. Enchantress Eclipse Arkansas Tra- vel er. Kansi.s Prolific. Laxt( n'.s Noble. White Alpine. . Tune 17 M 13 ,1 13 I. 13 M 13 M. 14 M 15 ., 15 Vigorous.. . . I Medium II . . .! Large medium Large Moderately I vigorous. 15 Vigorous . . . 15 15 IG 17 17 17 17 12 17. 18. Large medium 11 . . Medium Large iiiedium Medium Large Quality. Productiveness. Firm; dark red; round ;| Productive. sweet, good flavour. I Firm ; deep red ; conical ; acid ; good flavour. Firm ; bright red ; round ; even in size ; very good quality. Firm ; light red ; round ; sweet, good quality. Firm ; bright red ; conical ; a little acid ; good quality. Moderately firm ; light red ; conical ; good quality. Firm ; pale red ; sweet, good quality. Fairly firm; conical; dark red; a little acid ; fair flavour. Firm; light red; conical ;; Productive. I even in size ; good quality. Medium Firm ; sweet, good flavour. . . Moderately produc- tive. Small Firm ; dark red ; conical ; j sweet, good flavour. Large Moderately firm ; light red ; I fairly good quality. Very large. . . . Firm ; ripens unevenly and is j uneven in shape ; fairly I good flavour. Large Finn; light red; sweet I good flavour. 11 Firm; bright red; round; I sweet, very good quality. Very large. . . Firm; bright red ; sweet, good j quality but a little uneven I in shape. Large ^Firm, dark red, roundish co- I nical, sweet, good fla\'ou Medium j Firm, bright red, conical, good I quality. Firm, fair quality 18. Moderately Small vigorous. 18. 18. 19. 10. 19. ! Large Firm, sweet, good flavour... . Vigcirous.. Moderatel y iSmall vigorous. 27. Vigorous Large Small medium, Firm, light red conical, sweet, I good flavour. Large iFirm, dark red conical, sweet, I good flavour. Very large.. . Firm bright red, good quality, stem long and strong. Poor quality Moderately produc- ti ve. Not productive. Productive. Moderately produc- tive. Productive. Moderately prodnc- ti\e. Firm, pinkish white, oblong, sweet, good flavour, stem long and strong. Not productive. Productive. II Xot productive. Productive. 558 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 METEOROLOGICAL RECORD. Date of Highest Temperature. Degrees Date of Lowest Temperature. Degrees. Rainfall. Snowfall. Sunshine. 1900. 5G 59 54 66 71 90 83 83 91 79 76 66 1900. December 30.... 1901. .January 9 February 5 March 11 April 18 May 13 27 11 16 30 28 38 41 42 45 35 36 31 Inches. 75 5- 7 3-79 3 16 2-79 4-80 7 8 1-25 Inches. 8 19 7 4 "" Hours. Minutes. 47 18 1901. January 20 February 25 March 20 April 30 Alay 2C 44 12 83 12 67 6 127 54 167 54 June 28 80 0 July 28 Aug"ust 21 July 26 .\uprust 1 September 28. . . . October 14 November 18 Totals 205 0 224 6 1-59 415 10 57 . 99 48 92 6 18 30 51 -30 30 1,157 6 The record for the year endinpf Xovember 30 shows a low rate of sunshine for the year, and a light rainfall. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant. THOS. A. SHARPE. 1-2 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 A. 1902 STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURE ON THE DOMINION EXPERIMENTAL FARMS FOR THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1901. CENTRAL EXPERIMENTAL FARM— EXPENDITURE, 1900-1901. Live stock Feed for stock, including veterinary services Seed grain, seeds, trees, &c Implements, tools, liardware and supplies Drainage and drain tiles Manure and fertilizers for experimental plots and Ilort. dept. Travelling expenses Exhibition expenses Blacksmithing, harness supplies and repairs Bee department Salaries Wages, farm work, including experimental work witii grain and other farm crops ; also, salaries of officers in charge Wages, care of stock Chemical department pro|)ortion charg^sable to the Central Farm . . . Botanical and Entomological department proportion chargeable to tlie Central Farm Horticultural department, including salary of officer in charge Poultry department, including salary of officer in charge Forestry department and care of grounds Arboretum Distribution of trees and tree seed Office help, correspondence branch and messenger service . Printing and stationery Seed testing and cai-e of greenhouses Dairy department Contingencies Books and newspapers Telegrams and telephones Steers purchased for feeding experiments Hogs purchased for feeding experiments Less —Proceeds of sale of steers purchased for feeding experiments. 93.5 Go 998 53 437 70 939 87 1,501 91 2G3 73 1,491 73 2G1 69 849 5.5 IGO 00 1.91G 25 G,G07 45 2,345 25 1,184 2G 1,299 92 4,829 89 l.GGO OG 1,0G8 98 G84 IG 78 24 4,378 13 588 29 944 62 649 44 308 54 122 03 IGl G9 3,445 40 25G 28 40,SG9 24 5,26G 55 $ 35,102 69 EXPERIMENTAL FARM, NAPPAN, N.S. EXPENDITURE, 1900-1901. Live stock .? 83 40 Feed for stock, including veterinarj' services 2,178 72 Seed grain, seeds, trees, &c . . 51 69 Implements, tools, hardware and supplies 382 31 Manure and fertilizers 29 98 Travelling expenses 3'!9 01 ICxhrbition expenses ... 169 74 Blacksmithing, harness supplies and repairs 206 77 Salary of Superintendent, also proportion of salaries for general work, Ottawa 2,517 82 Wages, farm work, including experimental work with farm crops. . . 2,,^10 91 Wages, care of stock 1,.503 06 Chemical department, proportion chargeable to each branch farm. . . 690 82 Botanical and Entomological department, proportion chargeable to each branch farm 525 00 Poultry department 129 91 Horticultural dei)artment, including salai-y of officer in charge 1,046 51 Forestry department, including care of grounds 112 00 Seed grain distribution 1!)2 41 Contingencie.s, including postage, .'?28.10 ; mail delivery, $82.,00 148 05 Printing and stationery 8 34 Books and newspapers . 21 50 Telegrams and telephone .39 24 Steers purchased for feeding experiments 1,434 00 Drainage and drain tiles 98 25 $ 14,279 44 Less— Proceeds of sale of steers purchased for feeding experiments. . 2,203 03 $ 12,076 41 559 560 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 EXPERIMENTAL FARM, BRAXDOX, MANITOBA — EXPENDITURE, 1900-1901. Live stock • ■ ■ S Feed for stock, including veterinary services Seed grain, seeds, trees, &c Implements, tools, hardware and supplies Travelling expenses Exhibition expenses Blacksmithing, harness supplies and repairs Bee department . ■ Salary of superintendent, also proportion of salaries for general work, Ottawa . . . .", . Wages, farm weak, including exi)erimental work, with farm crops, &c . Wages, care of stock Chemical dej>artment, proportion chargeable to each branch farm. . . Botanical and entomological department, proportion chargeable to each branch farm Horticultural department Forestry department, including care of grounds Poultry department Office help, including delivery of mail, $121.00 Seed grain distribution Tree distribution ■ Contingencies, including postage, $55.00 Printing and stationery Books and newspapers Telegrams and telephones Steers purchased for feeding experiments 30 89 71 G5 111 04 248 30 30 55 193 00 255 18 2 00 2,617 81 2,5G0 .30 872 25 (m 82 525 00 252 82 474 .50 50 90 798 00 528 24 270 7C 99 31 45 67 20 40 54 30 562 25 $ 11,.365 94 Less — Proceeds of sale of steers jaurchased for feeding experiments. . 872 19 $ 10,493 75 EXPERIMENTAL FARM, INDIAN HEAD, N.W.T. EXPENDITURE, 1900-1901. Live stock ' Feed for stock, including veterinary services . . . Seed grain, seeds, trees, &;c . . , Implements, tools, hardware and supplies Travelling expenses Exhibition expenses Blacksmi thing, harness supplies and repairs.. . Salary of superintendent, also proportion of salaries for general work, Ottawa Wages, farm work, including experimental work with farm crops, fruit trees, vines, &c Wages, care of stock Chemical department, proportion chargeable to each branch farm, . . Botanical and entomological department, proportion chargeable to each branch farm Horticultural department ■ Poultry department Forestry department, including care of grounds OHice help Seed grain distribution Tree distribution Contingencies, including postage, .§105.82 Printing and stationery Telegrams Books and newspapers Steers purchased for feeding experiments Less — Proceeds of sale of steers $ 20 00 49 25 64 10 271 61 32 85 46 75 139 75 2,617 81 2,816 22 808 50 690 82 525 00 3S() 30 ()7 10 211 67 612 33 448 34 204 27 130 17 45 60 34 23 14 00 597 90 $ 10,834 .57 1,204 40 $ 9,630 17 EX PENDI T UBES 561 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 EXPERIMENTAL FARM, AOASSIZ, B.C. EXPEXDITURE, 1900 Live stock Feed for stock, including veterinary services Seed grain, seeds, trees, etc Implements, tools, hardware and supplies Manure and fertilizers Travelling expenses Exhibition expenses Blacksmithing, harness supplies and repairs Salary of superintendent, also proportion of salaries for general work, Ottawa Wages, farm work, including experimental work with farm crops, fruit trees, vines, &c Wages care of stock • ■ • ■ Chemical department, proportion chargeable to each branch farm . . . Botanical and entomological department, proportion chargeable to each branch farm Poultry department Forestrj' department Office help Seed grain distribntion.. . . Tree distribution Clearing land , Contingencies, including postage, $05.23 Printing and stationery ..... Books and newspapers Telegrams Drainage and drain tiles Bee department Steers purchased for feeding experiments -1901. 123 37 GO .59 231 7G 190 97 180 94 74 25 130 75 124 70 2,517 81 2,315 66 417 25 690 82 525 00 149 95 197 40 120 00 173 48 19 19 477 00 102 97 3 65 19 00 2 65 357 86 1 00 75 00 Less — Proceeds of sale of steers. SUMMARY. $ 9,283 02 484 00 $ 8,799 02 Central Experimental Farm $ 35,102 69 Nappan >. 12,076 41 Brandon „ 10,493 75 Indian Head » 9,630 17 Agassiz „ 8,799 02 Seed grain distribution from Central Experimental Farm 3,897 96 Printing bulletins and distribution of bulletins and reports. $5,500 00 Less special sum in estimates for this item 5,500 00 $ 80,000 00 SUMMARY OF STOCK, MACHINERY, IMPLEMENTS, *tc., DECEMBER 31, 1901. CENTRAL EXPERIMENTAL FARM, OTTAWA 19 Horses 9 Ayrshire cattle 9 Guernsey cattle 9 Durham cattle (Shorthorns) 30 Grade cattle 8 Yorkshire swine .... 11 Berkshire swine 3 Tam worth swine 18 Grade swine 4 Large black swine 18 Shropshire sheep ; 11 Leicester sheep 7 Grade sheep Farm machinery and implements Vehicles, including farm wagons and sleighs Hand tools, hardware and sundries Harness Dairy department, machinery, &c Horticultural and forestry departments, implements, tools, &c Botanical department, implements, tools, &c Poultry department, 314 fowls Poultry de[)artment, implements, furnishings, &c Bees and apiarian supplies Chemical department, apparatus and chemicals Books in several departments Greenhouse jilants, supplies, &c Furniture at Director's house Office furniture and stationery 16—36 c, ON HAND $ 2,335 00 1,775 00 1,540 00 2,140 00 600 00 245 00 243 00 110 00 180 00 100 00 810 00 275 00 35 00 2,780 50 1,158 70 1,201 45 440 80 018 85 582 55 9 95 295 00 98 11 483 28 1,985 00 495 85 1,836 75 1,005 78 1,209 35 24,715 92 562 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWAPD VII.. A. 1902 EXPERIMENTAL FARM, NAPPAN, N.S. 6 Horses $ 715 00 7 Guernsey cattle 1,110 00 6 Holstein cattle 270 00 9 Ayrshire cattle 710 00 2 Jersey cattle 200 00 44 Grade cattle 1,212 00 2 Yorkshire swine 4.5 00 3 Berkshire swine ... 70 00 1 Tam worth swine 20 00 G3 Grade swine .' 330 00 34 Sheep 2i«; 00 38 Fowls ... 19 50 Bees and apiarian supplies < 27 .50 Vehicle.*, including farm wagons and sleighs 325 00 Farm machinery 500 00 Farm iin])lements 218 50 Hand tools, hardware and sundries 394 72 Harness 186 50 Furniture for r'^ception room and bedroom for visiting officials 157 50 Furniture supplies and books for office 90 00 EXPERIMENTAL FARM, BRANDON, MANITOBA. '^''^"^~ T2 Horse.s 5 1,035 00 4 Ayrshire cattle 210 00 8 Durham cattle filO 00 1 Guernsey bull 100 00 1 Holstein cattle 30 00 6 Grade cattle 125 00 2 Tam worth swine 30 00 (3 Berkshire swine 60 00 2 Yorkshire swine 30 00 4 Grade swine 12 00 C8 Fowls.... 08 00 Bees and apiarian supplies 123 95 Vehicles, including farm wagons and sleighs 467 00 Farm machinery 992 00 Farm implements 610 00 Hand tools, hardware and sundries 633 50 Iiarness 216 50 Furniture for reception room and bedroom for visiting officials 161 55 Furniture supplies and books for office 286 80 EXPERIMENTAL FARM, INDIAN HEAD, N.W.T. ^'^^ ^^ 13 Horses $ 1,310 0C» 1 Ayrshire bull 75 00 17 Durham cattle 1,545 00 1 Guernsey bull 75 00 15 Grade cattle 485 00 12 Berkshire swine 115 00 16 Tam worth swine 105 00 2 Yorkshire White swine 30 00 68 Fowls 47 00 Bees and apiarian supplies .33 75 Vehicles' including farm wagons and sleighs 498 50 Farm machinery , 1,036 00 Farm implements 649 00 Hand tools, hardware and sundries 518 05 Harness 156 50 Furniture for reception room and bedroom for visiting officials 167 50 Furniture supplies and books for office 364 90 EXPERIMENTAL FARM, AGASSIZ, B.C. "h2U_20 6 Horses $ 375 00 13 Durham cattle 900 00 6 Grade cattle 155 00 y Dorset horned sheep 102 50 5 Berkshire swine 60 00 6 Tam worth swine 60 00 9 Grade swine 27 00 51 Fowls ... 51 00 Bees and apiarian supplies 33 05 A'ehicles, including farm wagons 2X) 00 Farm machiner.y 533 55 Farm implements 117 00 Hand tools, hardware and sundries . 202 60 Harness 72 25 Furniture for reception room and bedroom for visiting officials .... 136 40 Furniture supplies and books for office 159 50 3,184 85 W. H. HAY, Accountant. 1-2 EDWARD VH. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 A. 1902 INDEX Page Agriculturist — Report of 263 Barley, Mensury 299 cost of growing 300 Cattle- importations 264 Ayrsliires 263-6 Guernseys 264-5 Shorthorns 263-4 Grades 267 Dairy cattle 266 Young stock 266 Carrots 307 varieties 307 cost of growing 307 Clover /msilage 302 cost of growing 303 Corn— Field crops of ensilage corn 304 King of the Earlient. 304 Learning 304 Longfellow 304 Mammoth Cuban 304 cost of growing 304 crop on the 200 acre farm 298 Dairy herd, the 266 financial statement 268 milk produced 267 rations fed 267 time of milking cxperimuut 269 quality of milk experiment 272 milk records 276 summer feeding 267 Estimating cojt of produoLiou of crops Farm crops Gluten iri£,al Mangels Gate Post Red Giant Yellow Globe Golden Tankard composition of cost of growing Meadows remarks upon. cost of growing Milk testing Mixed crops Oats, field crops Banner Goldfinder Improved Ligowo Scotch Potato Siberian Tartar King Waverly cost cf growing Pease — Blue Prussian cost of growing Pigs Berkshires Large Blacks Tarn worths Yorkshires experimental feeling of importation of 298 298 267 305 305 305 305 305 305 301 301 302 277 301 298 298 299 299 299 299 299 299 .299 300 300 291 291 291 291 291 292 291 Pagh Agriculturist— Report of— Con. Pork- soft pork problem 294 pork production 292 Pumpkins, culture of 310 cost of growing 311 Rape 309 test of varieties 309 cost of growing 310 value for sheep 291 Sheep 290 Leicesters 290 Shropshires 290 importation of 290 Steer experiments 277 calves of 1900 287 calves of 1901 285 ste?r3 dehorned versus not de- horned 282 steers loose versus tied.. , ..*'.. 282 " calves 280 " yearlings ^ 280 " two year olds 281 three year olds 281 large versus small lot loose. 283 profits in 278 general statement 279 different ages 279 choice of feaders 283 rations fed 278 Soil cultivation 295 Sugar Beets 307 cost of growing for sugar 308 cost of growing for forage 308 Turnips 306 Champion Purple Top Swede . . . . 306 Prize Purple Top Sw^de 306 cost of growing 306 harvesting, comparison of methods. 306 Bedford, S. A., Superintendent, Experi- mental Farm, Brandon, Manitoba — Re- port of 395 Blair, W. S.. Horticulturist, Experimen- tal Farm, Nappan, N.S. — Report of.. .. 369 Chemist, Report of the 137 Acknowledgments 139 Alfalfa 175 and clover, yield from two and four cuttings ... 170 Ashes, wood 156 Assistant Chemists 139 • Babbitt's Pura Potash lye 191 Basic slag (Thomas phosphate Hour)... 155 Bibby's cream equivalent 188 Butter, Canadian, as exported 190 By-products, corn 185 Calf meal, Bibby's cream equivalent.. 188 Canadian butter, as exported. 190 Cattle feed 187 Chemists, assistant 139 Chemistry of insecticides and fungi- cides 191 16—36^ 563 564 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII.. A. 1902 Pagi: Chemist, Keport of the — Con. Clover 170 and Alfalfa, yield from two and four cuttings 170 and clover ensilage 177 Corn by-products, gluten meal, glu- ten feed, &c 185 Corn and corn ensilage ISO Correspondence 139 ' Cover ' crops and cultivation, relation of to soil moisture 149 ■Bel grass tZostcra ma7-ina) 159 Ensilags, clover 177 corn 180 Fertilizers 137,152 Eel grass (Zostcra marina) 159 limestone 154 marl 154 mucks 152,153 muds 153 Rock weed, composition of 15S sea-weed 158 tannery' waste 157 analysis of 157 Thomas' phosphate flour (basic slag) 155 wood-ashes 156 Fodders and feeding stuffs 137,160 Bibby's cream equivalent, calf meal 188 Canadian potato starch 189 calf meal 188 composition of 189 cattle feed 187 clover, analysis of before ensil- ing 178 analysis after ensiling 179 and clover ensilage 177 corn, analysis of before ensiling.. 181 analysis after ensiling 182 by-products of 185 and corn ensilage 180 feed stuffs, analysis of 188 gluten feed 185 meals 185 analysis of 186 grass pea {Lathyrus sati'ri'i) 183 mangels 161 rice feed 187 composition of 188 roots 160 analysis of 161 albuminoid and non-albumin- oid nitrogen in 160 changes in composition of dur- ing sterage 163 composition of during storage. 165 nitrogen in dry matter in 165 Sugar beets 161 from North-west Territories, analysis of.. 167 from Manitoba, analysis of, 168, 169 from Prince Edward Island, an- alysis of 169, 170 Yield of clover and Alfalfa from two and four cuttings 170 Clover 170, 171, 172, 173,174 Alfalfa 173, 174, 175,176,177 Fungicides and irs?cti;id?s, chemis- try of 191 Gas-lime^^ .. ..^^ 191 Gilletfs perfumed ino per cent lye.. 191 Gluten meal 185 feed 185 Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus).. .. 138, 183 Page Chemist, Report of the — Con. Greenbank's soapmaker 191 Insecticides and fungicides 138,191 Babbitt's pure potash or lye.. .. 191 Chemistry of 191 Different brands of lye 191 Gas-lime 191 Greenbank's soapmaker 191 Gillett's perfumed 100 per cent lye 101 notes on insecticidal mixtures 192 sal soda, use of instead of lime in ' Paris green 192 soft soap and whale-oil soap, value of 192 washing soda, addition of to soft soap 192 Lathyrus salinis (grass pea) 1-^8,183 Letter of transmittal 137 Lime, use of sal soda instead of in Paris green mixture 192 wash and soft soap, mixture of.. 192 Lime.S'tone and marl 154 from Quebec 155 Lye, Babbitt's pure potash 191 Gillett's perfumed 100 per cent.. 191 Greenbank's soapmaker 191 or washing soda, addition of to soft soap solution 192 Marl, from Britisli Columbia 154 from Nova Scotia 155 and limestone 154 Meal, gluten 1S5 calf — Bibby's cream equivalent .. 188 Muck from Ontario ' 153 from Prince Edward Island 153 and muds 152 Mud, from Nova Scotia 153 Paris grjeu mixture, use of sal soda instead of lime in 192 Pork, soft, investigation i:!S Potato starch, Canadian 189 Relation of ' cover ' crops and culti- vation to soil moisture 149 Rice feed 187 Rock potash 191 weed, composition of 158 Roots, analysis of 161 changes in composition of during storage 163 composition of during storage 165 dry matter in during storage.. .. 16t nitrogen in dry matter in 164 ratio of albuminoid to non-albu- minoid nitrogen in 166 total nitrogen in 164 Sal soda, use of instead of lime in Paris green mixture 192 Samples received for analysis 139 Sea- weed 158 Soft pork investigation IP.a Soft soap and lime-wash, mixture of 1!}2 solution, addition of washing soda or lye to 192 and whale-oil soap, relative value of 192 Soils, examined for deficiency in lime 158 from British Columbia 137,140,148 " Ontario 137,141 •' Nova Scotia 137.142 " North-west Territories.. .. 137 " Prince Edward Island.. ..137,147 " Quebec 137,143 Investigations 137,140 moisture, relation of ' cover ' crop and cultivation to 149 IXDEX 565 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Page Chemist — Report of the — Con. Sugar beets, from Manitoba 163 from the North-west Territories 167 " Prince Edward Island 169 Tannery waste, analysis of 157 Thomas' phosphate flour (basic slag) 155 Washing soda or lye, addition of to soft soap solution 192 "Waters from farm homesteads 193 ■Whale-oil soap and soft soap, relative value of 192 Wood-ashes 156 Zostcra marina (Eel grass) 159 Director — Report of the 5 Acknowledgments 85 Agri-;ulture, experimental, in Canada.. 13 Earley, experinents with 11 six-rowed, select list of 13 six-rowed, test of varieties of.... 13 Albert 13,14 Argyle 13,14 Baxter 13,14 Beardless Salzer's 13 Blue Short Head 13 Blue Long Head 13,14 Brome 13,14 Champion 14 Chinese Hulless 13 Claude 13, 14 Common 13,14 Empire 13,14 Excelsior 13 Garfield 13,14 Hordeum Chousk 13 Hulless Black 13 Hulless White 13 Lytton 13 Mansfield 14 Mensury 13,14,20 Munro 13 No. 8, from Norway 13 Nugent 13,14 Oderbruch 13,14 Princess Sialof 13 Odessa 13,14 Parkin 13 Fetschora 13,14 Ph^nix 13,14 Pioneer 13,14 Rennie's Improved 13,14 Royal 13,14 Salzer's Silver King 13 Sisolsk Spring 13 Stella 13,14 Success 13 Summit 13, 14 Trooper 13,14 Vanguard 13 Yale 13, 14 two-rowed, select list of 12 two-rowed, test of varieties of.. 12 Beaver 12 Bestehoru's Kaiser 11,12 Bolton 12 Canadian Thorpe 12 Clifford 12 Danish Chevalier 12 Duckbill 12 Dunham 12 Fitchel Mountain. 11,12 French Chevalier 12 Fulton 12 Gordon 12 Pag a Director— Report of the— Con. Barley — two-rowed, test of varieties — Con. Harvey 12 Invincible 11,12 Jarvis 12 Kinver Chevalier 12 Leslie 12 Logan 12 Monck 12 Nepean 12 Newton 12 Oregon 11,12 Pacer 12 Pelham ; 12 Plumage 11,12 Prize Prolific 12 Rigid 12 Sydney 12 Standwell 11, 12 Thanet 12 Victor 12 Carrots, experiments with 2'J test of varieties of 20 select list of SO Clovers, experiments with 36 Clover, results of sowings of oats af- ter 3G Clover, results of ploughing uuder, on potato crop 3S Clover, results of ploughing under, on corn crop 37 Corn, experiments with 24 select list of 2j Angel of Midnight 24, 2> Black Mexican 24,25 Canada White Flint 24,25 Champion White Pearl 24,25 Cloud's Early Yellow 24,25 Compton's Early 24,25 Country Gentleman 24,25 Early AUijust 24 Early Butler 24,25 Early Mastodon 24,25 Early Yellow Long-eared.. ..24,25 Evjergreen Sugar 24,25 Extra Early Huron 24,25 Extra Early Szekely 24,25 Giant Prolific Ensilago 24,25 Kendall's Giant 24,25 King of the Earliest 24,25 Longfellow 24,25 Mammoth Cuban 24,25 Mammoth Eight-rowed Flint. .24, 25 Mitchell's Extra Early 24,25 North Dakota White 24,25 North Dakota Yellow 24 Pearce's Prolific 24,25 Pride of the North 24,25 Red Cob Ensilage 24,25 Rennie's B.B 24 Rennie's Earliest Ontario .... 24 Rennie's Victoria 24 Rural Thoroughbred White Flint ..24, 23 Sanford 24, 25 Selected Learning 24,25 Salzer's All Gold 24 Salzer's Earliest Ripe 24 Superior Fodder 24 White Cap Yellow Dent.. ..24,25 Yellow Six Weeks 24^25 Corn, sown in rows at diff.'^rent dis- tances 24 ' Correspondence ci 566 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII.. A. 1902 Page Director — Report of the — Con. Crops, action of fertilizers on 40 Crops in the several provinces 6 Ellis, Wm., reports of 58,59 Experiments with fertilizers on barley 46 on Indian corn 50 on mangels and turnips 53 on oats 48 on wheat 44 Fall whoat, experiments with 14 Fertilizers, action of, on wheat, oats, clover and Brome grass 38 Fertilizers, special experiments with 40 Financial statement 559 Grain tests, table of, for each pro- vince 5 Green cliver as a fertilizer 27 Glasgow Exhibition, agricultural and horticultural displays at 97 Grain sown in different quantities.. 19 Hay, W. H., report of 559 Horse beans, experiments with.. .. 34 Letter of transmittal 3 Mangels, experiments with 27 test of varieties of 28 select list of 28 Meteorological observations 60 Millets, experiments with 35 Mixed roots and vegetables, experi- ments with 3.T Oats, experiments with. 7 new cross-brad sorts 7 select list of 9 test of varieties of 8 grown after di.terent crops 34 Abundance 8, iO Abyssinia 9, il Aiken Black 8 American Beauty 8,10 American Triumph 8,10 Anderbecker 8 Atlantic 9 Australian 9 Banner 8, 10, 20 Bavari^in 9,10 Bayonet 9 Bestehorn's Abundance 8 Beseler 9 Black Beauty 8,10 Black Mesdag 9,11 Black No. fi summer 9 Bonanza 9,11 Brandon 9, 11 B'uckbee's Illinois 8,10 California Prolific Black 8,10 Columbus 8,10 Coulommiers 9,10 Cream Egyptian 8,11 Cromwell 8, 11 Danish Island 8,10 Dixon 8 Doncaster Prize ."?, 10 Duppaucr Summer 9 Early Archangel !>, 10 Early Blossom '■;, 10 Early Dawson 8,10 Early Etampes 10 Early Golden Proline 0,10 Early Gothland S. 10 Early Maine 8,10 Eureka 8 Flying Scotchman 9, 11 Forbes 9 Golden Beauty 8,10 Pa(;b Director — Report of the — Con. Oats — Experiments with — Con. Goldfinder 9 Golden Giant 9,10 Golden Tartarian 9,10 Great Northern 9 Hazlett's Seizure 8,10 Holland 8,10 Holstein Prolific 8,10 Imported Irish 'j, 10 Improved American 8,10 Improved Ligowo 3,10 Irish Victor 8 Joanette 8,11 Kendal 8,9,10 King 8, JO, 11 Leutewitzer 8 Liberty 8 Lincoln 8, 10 Longhoughlon 9 Master 8,11 Medal 9, 10 Mennonite 8,10 Milford 8, 11 Miller 9, 11 Mortgage Lifter 9,10 Newmarket 8,11 New Zealand 8,10 Oderbruch 8,10 Olive 8, 10 0.xf ord 8, 11 Pense 8, 11 Pioneer 9 Poland 8, 10 Prize Cluster 10 Probstey 9 Prolific Black Tartarian 8,11 Rennie's Prize S, 10 Rosedale 8,11 Russell 8,9,11 Salines 9, 10 Salzer's Big Four 8 Sargent Free 9 Scotch Hopetoun 10 Scotch Potato 9 Scottish Chief 9 Selchower 8 Sensation 8 Siberian 0, 10 Sw3dish Select Tartar King 0 Thousand Dollar 8,10 Tobolsk 2800 8 Cbertluss 8 Victoria Prize 8 Virginia White Abundance 8 Wallis 9, 10 Waverley 9 Welcome 9,10 White Giant 8,10 White Monarch 10 White Russian 9,10 White Schonen 8,10 White Wonder 0,10 Wide-.\wake 8,10 Winter Grey 9,10 Zhelanni 9 Pan-American Exhibition, display at 79 Pease, experiments with :.. 21 Pease, select list of 23 Potatoes, field plots of 32 select list of 33 Previous crops, influence of 34 Pyrus baccata, crosses of.. .. ( INDEX 567 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Page Director — Report of the — Con. Reports on journeys made 80 Sable Island, experiments in tree planting on 62 Seed grain, distribution of G, 55 new feature in distribution of 56 Seeds, tests of vitality of 5S Siberian crab, crosses of 6 Soja beans, experiments with 24 Summary of stock, &c., on eacli Ex- perimental Farm 562 Sugar beets, experiments with 30 test of varieti-es of 31 Sugar beets select list of 31 Turnips, experiments with 26 Select list of 27 test of varieties of 26 yield of, from late pulling 27 Visit to Eperimental Farm, Nappan, N.S 80 Visit to Experim'ental Farm, Brandon, Man 80 Visit to Experimental Farm, Indian Head, N.W.T 80 Visit to Experimental Farm, Agassiz, B.C 85 Visit to Regina and Pense, N.W.T. . .. 82 Visit to Southern Alberta 82 Wheat, winter, experiments with.. .. 14 Wheat, spring, experiments with.. .. 15 Wheat, spring, select list of 18 Admiral 16,19 Advance 17,19 Alpha 17 Angus 17 Beaudry 16, 19 Beauty 16, 19 Benton 17 Bishop 17 Black Sea 17 Blair 17, 19 Blenheim J 6, 19 Boyle 16 Bryon 17, 19 Captor.. 16,19 Cartier 16 Cassel 17 Chester 16 Clyde 16, 19 Colorado 16,19 Connell, White 16, 19 Countess 17, 19 Crawford 17.19 Crown ] C, 19 Dawn 16, 19 Dawson 17 Dayton ]6, 18 Dion's 16, 19 Dufferin 17, 19 Early Riga 16, 19 Ebert i7, 19 Emporium 16 Essex 17 Felbrig, No. 7 17 Fife, Red 16,19 Fife, White 16, 19 Fife, Wellman's 16,19 Florence 17 Fraser 17,19 Gehun 17 Goose 16,19 Grant 16, 18 Harold 17,19 Hastings 16 Herisson Bearded 16,19 Pag a Director— Report of the— Con. Wheat, springy select list of— Co«. Hungarian 16,19 Huron 16, 19 Japanese 17 Kingcf ord 16, 18 Kerr Gifford 17 Ladoga 17,19 Lakefleld 16, 18 Laurel 16, 19 Leutewitzer 17 Mason 17,19 Minnesota, No. 149 17 Minnesota, No. 163 16 Minnesota, No. 169 16 Minnesota, No. 181 16 Morley 16, 18 Monarch 17, 19 Newdale 17,18 Nixon 16,18 Nerval 17,19 No. 1, Australian 16 No. 2, Australian 16 No. 9, Australian 17 No. 10, Australian 16 No 11, Australian 17 No. 12, Australian 16 No. 13, Australian, Duff 16 No. 14, Australian 17 No. 15, Australian 16 No. 18, Australian 17 No. 19, Australian 16 No. 21, Australian 16 No. 23, Australian 16 No. 25, Australian 17 No. 27, Australian 16 No. 28, Australian 17 No. 2959 16 No. 5639 16 No. 5643 17 No. 56J4 , 16 No. 5645 16 No. 5646 16 No. 5682 16 No. 5699 17 Old Red River : 16 Orleans 17, 18 Perron 16 Plumper 16,19 Polonian 17 Preston 16,19,20 Prospect 16,18 Percv 16 Poweil 17, 19 Pringle's Champlain 16,19 Progress 17,19 Red Fern ig, 19 Red Swedish -.17,19 Redpath 17^18 Rideau 10,19 Rio Grande 16, 19 Robin's Rust Proof .-.. 17 Robsou 17,18 Roumanian 16, 19 Speltz 16 Spence 17,18 Stanley 17^19 Steinmedal I6 Strubes 17 Summer, No. 9...-. 17 Tracey 15, ig Vernon 17,19 Wei don 17,19 White Chaff, Campbell's 16,19 White Russian 16, 19 568 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Pao-.: Entomologist & Botanist,— Report of. 197, 262 Acknowledgments 199 Aleochara nitida 230 Amara, sp 227 Anasa tristis 231 Anderson, J. R., •nork by 206 Aniso[/ter>/x 239 Antliomyia, root maggots 230 Aphidius 213 Aphis brassicw 229 Apiary 252 Experiments with different kinds of hives 253 In feeding syrup for winter stores 253 with foundations of different sizes 254 to test whether bees injure fruit. 254 Answers to correspondents 256 Wax Moth 256 shipping bees 257 moving bees in apiary 258 what to do with half full sections 258 Arrowsmith, Mount, collecting trip on 208 Asparagus Beetle 231 Rust 231 Aspen Poplar, attacked by Poplar Rust 259 Axyris amarantoidcs 203 Batho, Geo., on crops in the West 211 Bean Apbis, Black 212 Bedford, S. A., on Poplar Rust 261 Betula occidentalis 260 Birch attacked by Poplar Rust 260 Birch Skeletonizer 251 •Bishop Bug' 231 BlackberjT, soft-scale 241 Biastothiix, sp 241 Blister Bee+le, Black 227,233 Striped 233 Borer, Shot-hole 249 Borers, Apple-tree 240 Brome, Awnless 198,203,204,205 sowing and eradicating 203 when to cut for seed 204 success in the West _ 261 Bromu^i ihcrmis 20o, 2G1 rumpelUanus 20o BucihJatrix canadcnsiscUa 251 Butterflies captured on Mt. Che-am.. 210 Cabbage Worms.. 229 Caoma laricis ^60 pinHorgnum ^•- 260 CcmnuJa pcllucida '*"'' ^ol Caiikerworms -^9 remedies •• '■"^ Carmadcs ochrogastcr 217. 213; 220, 222 ("arpocapsa pontonella 238 Cccidomyia destructor 214 Cecidoptes pruni 241 Cereals, insect enemies of 211 Che-am, Mount, collecting trip on 209 f'hrysobothris femorata 240 Click Beetles 241 Clisiocampa 240 Coccophafjus flavoscutellum 241 Codling Moth 238 Colaspis brunnea 249 Collections, entomological and botani- cal 198 Conifers, new enemy of 251 Cordyccps, sp 241 Correspondence 197 Corymhites caricinus 241 cylindriformis 241 iarsalis 241 Cottonwoods, attacked by Poplar Rust. 260 Criddle, N., on grasshonpers 225 Crioceris asparugi 231 '(■''' '^ Pagb Entomologist & Botanist— Report ot—Con. Cucumber Beetle, Striped 232 Flea-beetle 234 Currant Borer, Imported 238 Maggot 238 Cutworm, Glassy 217 Red-backed 217, 220, 222 Variable 236 Variegated 229 Cutworms in grain £17 in gardens.. '. 230 Dialrotica vittula 232 EtateridcE 241 Empusa grylli 226 Epicanta I'cnnsylvanica 227,233 vittala 233 Epitrijo cucumcris '. . .. 234 Epochra ca7iadcnsis 236 Ercbia fidlcri 210 Eitcoila anthomyiw 231 Eupsephopwctes procinctus 230 Eiitochus xantliothorux 241 Exoascus deformans 246 Farmers' Institutes in British Colum- bia ^ 206 Fisher, Geo. E., work by.. .7 .. .. :. 245 on mixtures for cankerworms. . .. 239 on Canada, crude petroleum 248 on hydrocyanic acid fumigation.... 248 Fixter, John, report by 252 Fodder plants 261 Insect enemies of 198 Forest trees, insect enemies of 251 Fruit Bark-beetle 249 Fruit crops, insect enemies of 237 FumigEtion for San Jose Scale.. .. 244, 248 Fusarium, sp , .... ..__. 259 Gallcria mclloncUa "^ 256 Galloway, Prof. B. T., on Maple Seed Blight 259 Gomphocirits sp 227 Grape-\ine Colaspis 249 Grasshoppers 220 Grain Aphis 212 par.iaites of 213 Grain, cutworms in 217 Grass experiments 198 Grass Pea 212 Grasses, fodder 198, 261 in the West 201,261 Gregson, P. B., work by. 202, 203, 205 Hadcna devastatrix 217 Hawkmoth, Five- spotted 234 Hessian Fly 214 parasites 216 remedies 217 Eicrochloa borcatis 204 IIippod(tmin 13-puHctala 213 Hovering flies 213 Hydrocyanic acid fumigation 248 Hyperaspis proha 241 sionata 241 Jones, Dashwood, on P. saucia 229 Ladybird, Thirteen-spottcd 213 Ladybird beetles, preying on grain Aphis 213 preying on Lrcanium 241 Lathyrits laarilUnus 212 sativiis 212 Lccaniuni Fitchii 341 Lecturing tours and investigations in the West 201 British Columbia 206 Manitoba 201, 221 North-west Territories 201 Lime wash for Oyster-shell Bark-louse. 239 INDEX 569 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Page Entcmologist & Botanist— Report ot—Coii. Lochhead, Prof. W., on Hessian Fly. 214, 216 on Squash Bug 231 on Tomato Sphinx 234 on Potato-stallv W^evil 234 Locu.-st, Lesser Migratory 221-22S Packard's 223, 228 Pellucid 222, 223, 228 Rocky Mountain 222-225, 228 Two-striped 222,228 Locusts 220 Paris green mixture 'or, . . . 223, 22C, 228 parasites of 227 Mackay, Angus, Avjrk by 202-205 on Awnless Brome 203, 204 on summer-fallowing 205 Macrodacti/lus subspinostis 340 Mamcstra atlantica 236 ncvadw 237 picta 231 ■subjuncta 237 Maple Seed Blight 259 McKellar, Hugh, on grasshoppers.. 220, 225 Meetings_attended 197 Mclampsora betulitta 260 popiiUna 259 Mchitwphis affinls 210, 228 atlanis 222,224,228 hivittafus 222, 227 Packardii 223, 227 spretiis 222,227 Meromyza Americana 214 Microtcrys 241 Mustard, Ball 203 Mytilaspis pomorum 239 ulnii ^ 239 Nature Study 207 NectaropJiora destructor 212 Ncgintdo Ciccroidcs 259 Neslia paniculata 203 Otiorrhynchus suJcatus 238 Oyster-shell Bark-louse 239 Paris green mixture for grasshop- pers 223,226,228 preparation of 226 dry application 232 in water, for cankerworra 239 for Grape-vine Colaspis 250 Patterson, Mrs. F. W., on Poplar Rust. 260 Pea. Baach 212 Pea, Grass 212 Pea Aphis, Destructive.. .. 212 Pea Moth 212 Pea Weovil 212 Peach Bark-beetle 242, 249 Peach Curl 246 Pcridroma saucia 229 Peterson, G. W., on Awnless Brome.. 261 Petroleu-», crud.-;, for San Jose Scale. . 246 PhJocotribus liminaris 242, 249 Phlecotlirips sp., on wheat 213 Picris rapw 229 Pig-weed, Russian 203 Plants, alpine, Mt. Arrowsmith.. .. 208 Mt. Che-am 209 Plum Gal'l-mite 241 Poplar Rust 259 Populus monllifcra 260 trcniuloides., .,' 259 Potato pests 232 Potato Beetle, Colorado 233 Potato-stalk Weevil 234 remedy 235 Praon sp 213 Protoparcc Carolina 234 cclcus 234 Page Entomologist & Botanist— Report of— Coh. Puccinia asparagi 231 Pyrethrum Insect Powder 229 Resin mixtures, for cankerworms.. .. 239 Riley, Prof. C. V., quoted 250 Root crops and vegetables, insect en- emies of .,,. 223 Root Maggots 230 Rose Chafer 240 Rubus nivsilis 207 Rye-grass, Western 198, 203, 205 Tent Caterpillars 240 Tomato Sphinx 234 Trichobaris triiiotata. 234 Turnip Aphis 229 San Jose Scale 242 injurious nature of 243 rapidity of increase 243 remedial measures taken 244 remedies 24| Sandhills, reclaiming 191 Saperda Candida 240 Scolytus ruaiilosus 249 Sears, Prof. F. C, on apple crop 238 Semasia nigricana 212 S'emiophora younqii 251 Sesia tipuliformis 238 Shot-hole Borer .-. 249 Siphonophora avenw 212 Smith, Dr. J. B., on Mamestra moths 237 on crude petroleum 217 Squash Bug 231 remedies 231 Sweet Grass, as a weed 204 Wallis. J. C., on Hessian Fly 215 Wax Moth 256 Webster, Prof. F. M., on Hessian Fly 216 Weeds, lectures on 201,204 Whale-oil soap, for San Jose Scale.. 246 Wheat Midge 212 Wheat-stem Maggot 214 Xyleboriis dispar 249 Zavitz, Prof. C. A., on Hessian Fly., aig Zebra Caterpillar 231 Experimental Farm, Agassiz — Report of Superintendent 513 Almonds 550 Apples, report on, with descriptions of new varieties fruiting 538 Apricots, report on 549 Barley, experiments with 518 test of varieties of 519 grown from screened seed 519 using different quantities of seed. 520 Beans, experiments with 533 Bees, report on 515 Beets, experiments with 535 Blackberries, report on 556 Aga.vam 556 Brunton 556 Early Cluster 550 Early Harvest 556 Early Kiug 556 Eldorado 556 Erie 556 Hansel 556 Kittatinny 556 Lawton 556 Maxwell 553 Minnewaska 555 Ohmer 555 Oregon Everbearing 555 Stone's Hardy ssg 570 EXI'ElilMEXTAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD Vll.. A. 1902 Page Experimental Farm, Agassiz — Con. Blackberries — Report on — Con. Snyder 556 Taj-lor's Prolific 556 Tecumseh ^^^ Wilson's Early 556 Wilson, Jr 556 Breaking and clearing 515 Brojoli, experiments with 535 Brussels Sprouts, experiments with.. 534 Cabbage, experiments with 534 Carrots, experiments with .o28, 534 test of varieties of 52^ Cattle 515 Cauliflowers, experiments with 534 Celery, experiments with 536 Cherries, report on, with descriptions of new varieties fruiting 548 Clearing of land 515 Corn, experiments with 523,536 Corn, planted at different distances.. 526 Currants, black, report on 552 Ambrafarbige 552 Baldwin 553 Bang up 552 Beauty 552 Bella 553 Black Naples 553 Climax 553 Dominion 552 Eagle 552 Ethel 553 Gewohnliche 552 Henry 55S Kentish Hero 552 Kentville 553 Lanark 552 Lee's Prolific 553 Lennox 552 Lewis 553 London 552 Manitoba Wild 553 Middlesex 552 Monarch 553 Norton 553 Ogden's Black 553 Ontario 553 Oxford 553 Parker 552 Pearce 552 Pomona 553 Prince of Wales 553 Ruler 552 Star 552 Stirling 552 Stewart 552 Success 552 Victoria 552 Wood 552 Currants, red and white, report on 552 Beauty of St. Giles 552 Champaigner, white 552 Chenonceau 551 English Red 552 Eyatt's new 551 Fay's Prolific 551 Frauendorfer 551 Gondoin, red 551 Knight's Early 551 La Conde 551 La Fertile 551 La Hative 551 La Turiuese 551 Large Red 551 Pag?!: EXPERIMEXT.\L FARM, AGASSIZ — Con. Currant-s — Red and White — Con. Large White Brandenburg 551 Large White Dessert 551 London Red 551 Moore's Ruby 551 New Red Dutch 551 North Star 551 Prince Albert 551 Raby Castle 552 Red Cherry 551 Red Dutch 551 Ringen's Red 551 Verrier's White 551 Versailles 551 Vic-toria 551 White Cherry 552 Dutch 552 Esperea 551 " Grape 551 " Imperial 551 " Pearl 551 " Transparent 552 Distribution of seed grain, potatoes, &c 537 Ditching 514 Fodder crops, experiments with .. .. 531 Forest trees, plantations of bl4 Fruit crops 514 Grapes, report on 550 Hedges 514 Horse beans, experiments with .. .. 532 Indian corn, experiments with 52j test of varieties of 526 sown different distances apart .. 52^ Lettuce, experiments with 534 Live stock 515 Mangels, experiments with 527 test of varieties 52S Medlars, report on 550 Meteorological report 5.)S Millets, experiments with 532 Mixed grain, experiments with .. .. 533 Nectarines, report on .. - 5i'i Nut-bearing trees, report on .. .... 514 Oats, experiments with 516 test of varieties of 517 using different quantities of seed.. 518 treated with fertilizers 524 Onions, experiments with 536 Ornamental trees and shrubs 511 Paspalum dilatatum 533 Peaches, report on 549 Pears, report on, with description.? of new varieties fruiting 546 Pease, garden, experiments with 536 Pease, field experiments with 522 test of varieties 523 tests with fertilizers 524 Pigs 515 Plums, report on, with descriptions of new varieties fruiting 517 Potatoes, experiments with 530 test of varieties of 530 tests with fertilizers 525 Poultry 515 Pumpkins, experiments with 537 Quinces, report on 550 Radishes, experiments with 535 Rape, Dwarf Essex 533 Raspberries, black cap, report on .. 555 Ada 555 Ameriican Yellow Cap 555 Conrath 555 INDEX 571 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Page Experimental Farm, Agassiz — Con. Raspberries — Black Cap — Con. Cromwell Early Ohio Gregg Hopkins Jackson's May King Kansas Lovett Nemaha - Older Palmer Progress Smith's Prolific Raspberries, red and yellow, report on All Summer Arnold's Hybrid Autumn Surprise Barnett Battler's Giant Baumforth's Seedling Beehive Belle de Fontenay Brinckle's Orange Cariboo Wild Carleton Carter's Prolific Champion Chili • Clarke Col. Wilder Craig Crimson Beauty Cuthbert Duke of Brabant Empire Fastollf Franconia French Vice-President ' Garfield Garnet Golden Queen Goliath Guinea Hansel Heebner Hornet Knevit's Giant Lady Anne Large Yellow La Mercier Lizzie Lord Beaconsfield Malta .. Marlboro Mary Miller Muriel Muskingum New Fastollf Nonpareil Northumberland Fillbasket Oregon Late Paragon Pauline Percy Phcenix Prince of Wales Queen of the Market Queen Victoria R. B. Whyte Red Herrenhauser Sarah Shaffer's Colossal 5.55 555 555 555 555 555 555 555 555 555 555 555 551 553 554 555 553 554 554 553 554 554 555 553 553 554 555 555 554 553 555 554 555 555 555 554 554 .554 554 555 554 553 555 555 554 554 554 554 555 554 554 553 554 555 554 554 553 555 553 555 553 555 554 553 554 555 554 554 554 554 Pagb Experimental Farm, Agassiz — Con. Rasperries — Red and Yellow — Con. Sharpe 554 Sir John 555 Sugar of Metz 553 Thompson 553 Turner ' 554 Wilder 554 Sand Vetch 533 Sheep 515 Small Fruits 550 Soja Beans, experiments with 532 Squash, experiments with 537 Strawberries, report on 556 Alexander H 556 Alpha '. .. 556 Anna Kennedy 556 Arkansas Traveller 557 Arrow 556 Bissel 556 Bonnie Lass 556 Brandywine ■.... 556 British Queen 557 Chairs 556 Crockett's Choice 557 Devereau 557 Dr. Hogg 557 Dayton 556 Eclipse 557 Eleanor 556 Empress Eugenie 557 Enchantress 557 Greenville 557 H. W. Becher 557 Imp. Jucunda 557 Imperial Newman 557 Improved Westbrook 557 Iowa Beauty 556 Kansas Prolific 557 Laxford Hall 557 Laxton's Noble 557 Mary 5-57 Magoon 557 Maxwell 557 Michigan 557 Omega 556 Sir Joseph Paxton 557 Tennessee Prolific 557 Timbrell 556 Van Deman 5."6 Warfield 557 Weston 557 White Alpine 557 Windsor Chief 557 Sugar beets, experiments with 529 test of varieties of 529 Sunflowers, experiments with 553 Turnips, experiments with 527 test of varieties of 527 Turnips, table, experiments with.. .. 535 Vegetable garden 533 Weather 513 Wheat, spring, experiments with .. 520 test of varieties of 521 Wheat grown from s_creened seed 522 Wheat, using different quantities of seed 522 Experimental Farm, Brandon, — Report of the Superintendent ."^gs Apples, grafted 4:51 Apples, report o: 430 Apples, standard 4,'5i Apples, cross-bred, report on 430 572 EXPERIMEMAL FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 Page Experimental Farm, Braxdox — Con. Arboretum 438 Asparagus 44S Avenues 441 Awnless Brome grass 426 Barley, experiments -with 407 average results of a five years' test 403 test of varieties of 408 field plots of 409 preventives of smut in 409 selected and unselected seeds.. .. 402 Beans, experiments with 447 Bees, experiments with 428 Beets, experiments with 446 Breaking, new 453 Bromiis incrmis 426 Buckwheat, a volunteer crop 412 Cabbage, experiments with 443 Carrots, experiments with 416,446 test of varieties of 417 Cattle, report on 421 feeding of 422 experiments in dehorning 422 Cauliflower 444 Cherries, report on 435 Citrons 448 Clovers 420 Corn, Indian, experiments with. . ..412, 448 test of varieties of.. 413 sown at different distances apart.. 414 Correspondence 455 Cows, milking 422,427 Crab-apple trees, report on 430 Crabs, wild, of Siberia 430 Cucumbers, experiments with 445 Currants, report on 435 Distribution of seed grain and pota- toes 452 of forest tree seeds 452 Exhibition samples 453 Farmers' meetings of, attended 454 Flax, experiments with 412 Field roots, experiments with 414 Flowers, experiments with 44ri Fodder corn, experiments with 412 Flowering shrubs, report on 439,442 Fruit trees, experiments with 430 Grasses 420 Hedges, report on 440 Horticulture 42rj Lettuce 442 Mangels, experiments wi:h 415 test of varieties of 41G Meetings attended 434 Meteorological report 454 Millets, experiments with 421 Mixed pease and oats 411 Oats, experiments with 405 average results of a five years' test 407 field plots of 407 test of varieties of 405 Onions, experiments wi'.h 442 Parsley 44; Parsnips, experiments with 448 Pease, field, experiments with 400 test of varieties of 410 average results of a five years' test 411 thick and thin sowing of 411 garden 444 Perennial flowers.-. 451 Plum trees, report on 432 Poplars and willows, distribution of.. 452 Potatoes, experiments with 417 test of varieties of 4is average yield during five years.. 4^0 Pagh EXPERIMEXTAL FARM, BRAXDOX — Con. Poultry, report on 427 Pumpkins 41.5 I'yrua hacata 430 Radish 444 Raspberries, report on 435 Rhubarb, experiments with 436 Rotation of crops 404 Salsify 447 Samples for exhibition purposes.. .. 453 Sand cherries, report on 435 Shrubs and trees, new 442 Spinach 448 So.uash 445 Steers, experiments with 422 Steers, Speltz as food for 42t Sugar b.;ets, experiments with 417 Sunflowers 421 Sweet Herbs 446 Swine, experiments with 42*/ Tomatoes 447 T:ee distribution 452 reports on 452 Tulips 451 Turnips, experiments with 414,447 test of varieties of 415 Vegetable garden 442 Weather 395 Wheat, Speltz, experiments with.. .. 402 Wheat, Speltz, thick and thin sowing 403 spring, experiments with 395 different methods of preparing land for 400 field plots of 398 test of fertilizers on 400 selected and unselected seed.. .. 400 test of varieties of 396 results of five years' test of.. .. 398 thin and thick sowing of 398 and flax mixed 399 and rape mixed 399 EXPERIMEXTAL FARM, IXDTAN HEAD, N.W.T.— Report of the Superin- tendent .... 457 Alfalfa Turkestan, experiments with 4'(3 Agropyrum tenerum 475,476 Apples, report on 499 Arboretum 494 Asparagui, experiments with 482 Awnless Brome grass 475,476 Barley, crop and average yield 469 test of varieties of 466 experiments wilh 466 field lots of 467 test of preventives for smut in.. 4S8 Beans, garden, experiments with.. ., 483 Beets, experiments with.. .. 483 Breaking and ba:-ks?tting 50o Brocoli 483 Bromus incrmis 475,476 Brussels sprouts 483 Cabbage, experiments with 484 Canary Seed, grass 474 " Carrots, test of varieties 479,484 Cattle « 507 Cauliflower, experiments with 485 Celery, experiments with 485 Cherries, report on 504 Citrons, experiments with 488 Corn, Indian, experiments with 470 sown at different distances.. . . v. • 471 test of varieties of 471 Corn, garden 484 Correspondence 512 t INDEX 573 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Page Experimental Fa.^m, Indian Head — Con. Crab apples, Siberian 499 Crops on Experimental Farm 458 Cross-bred apples 501 Cucumbers, experiments with.. .... 485 Currants, report on ' 504 Distribution of grain, potatoes, forest trees, &c 511 Farmers, meetings of, attended 510 Flax, experiments with 473 Flax, white, experiments with 473 Flowers, report on 489 Forest trees and shrubs, report on.. .. distribution of 512 Fruit trees and bushes, report on.... 499 Grain, distribution of E-amplos of . . .. 511 Gooseberries, report on 504 Grasses, experiments with i... 476 Hay crop 475 Hedges 499 Herbs 489 Horse beans 475 Horses 510 Lettuce, experiments with 486 Mangils, expefim^ats with 478 Marrows and Squash 487 Meetings attended.. 510 Melons, experiments with 486 Meteorological report .... 512 Millets, experiments with 473 Oat crop and average yield 468 Oats, experiments with 46-3 field lots of.; 465 test of varieties of 464 test of preventives for smut in...., 465 Onions, experiments with 486 Parsley 489 Parsnips, experiments with 488 Pease, experiments with 469 garden 487 test of varieties of 469 Peppers, experiment with 488 Perennial Flowers, report on' 491 Plum trees, report on 502 Potatoes, experiments with 480 distribution of 512 test of varieties of 481 Poultry, report on 510 Pumpkins, experiments with 488 Radish, experimen's with 488 Rainfall 512 Rape, experiments with 474 Raspberries, report on 504 Rhubarb, experiments with 489 Roots, field, experiments with 477 Rotation of crops, experiments in.... 472 Rye, spring 474 Rye grass, westirn 476 489 distribution of 510 504 468 401 475 507 505 Sage Seed grain. Small Fruits Smut in barley, tests for prevention of in wheat, tests for prevention of. Soja Beans Steers, experiments with dehorning of. Strawberries, report on^ Sunflowers, experim'ents with 474 Sugar beets, experiments with 480 Summer fallows 505 Swine, report on 510 Tobacco, experiments with 489 Tomatoes, experiments with 488 Trees and shrubs 493 Turnips, experiments with 477,457 Page Experimental Farm, Indian He.4.d — Con. Vegetable garden 482 Weather 457 Wheat, fall 463 Wheat, Speltz, experiment with 462 Wheat crop and average yield 468 Wheat, spring, experiments with.. .. 438 field lots of 460 test of varieties of 459 test of bluestoue as a smut pre- ventive for 461 test of fertilizers for 462 test of sowing selected and screen- ed seed 461 Experimental Farm, Nappan, N.S., — Report of the Superintendent 335 Acknowledgments 335 Barley, experiments with 338 test of varieties of 339 Bees, experiments with 367 Buckwheat, field crop of 344 Buckwheat, experiments with 343 Carrots, experiments with 318 test of varieties 34a Cattle 357 Corn, Indian, experiments with.. .. 344 field crops of 354 ■planted at different distances 345 test of varieties 345 Correspondence 355 Cows, experiments with 358 Dairy cattle 357 Distribution of seed grain and potatoes 356 Exhibitions attended .. 356 Experiments with field grain 343 Fertilizers, experiments with 353 Hay 35G Horse beans, experiments with 352 Horses 357 Live stock 357 Mangels, experiments with 347 field crops of 355 test of varieties 34s Meetings attended 355 Meteorological report 335 Milch Cows, experiments with 358 Millets, experiments with 353 Mixed grain field crops 344 Oats, experiments with 337 field crops of, on marsh 343 test of varieties of 337 Pease, experiments with 341 test of varieties 342 Potatoes, experiments with 350 test of varieties of 350 Poultry 3(57 Seed grain and potatoes distributed.. 356 Sheep 367 Soja beans, early, experiments with.. 352 Steers, experiments in dehorning .... sr.o on medium and heavy feeding.. .. 3G3 Sugar beets, experiments with 349 test of varieties 349 Swine, experiments with sgg Turnips, experiments with ...'. 345 field crops of 354 test of varieties 347 Visitors ." ] * 335 Weather ' 33I5 Wheat, spring, experiments with.."..' 340 test of varieties 344 experiments with fertilizers..* .. 353 574 EXPERIME^fAlJ FARMS 1-2 EDWARD VII.. A. 1902 Page EXPKRIMrNTAL FARM, NAPPAX— COH. Report of the Horticulturist.. ■ ^69 Apple crop fl Beans, garden, test of .• '' ooo Beans, fertilized and not fertilised.. ^W Beets, test of 390 Cabbage, test of varieties ^»» Cauliflowers, test o£ varieties or.. .. iSb Cherries "tZ Corn, test of varieties -^^^ with suckers removed and not re- moved ^?^ Currants, Red and White «>'» Cucumbers, Squash and Pumpkins.... 391 Flower garden 3^0 Fruit crops 369 Gooseberries ^31 Grapes ^'° Meetings attended -^^^ Onions, test of 3S4 Ornamental trees and shrubs o.O Oyster-shell bark louse, treatment for Si J Parsnips, test of 390 Pears 370 Pease, garden, test of varieties ^'Ol Plum crop 370 Potatoes, early, experiments with o91 Rhubarb 37d Shrubs and trees >"0 Spinach ";^i Strawberries, experiments with o7o Ada 376 Bissel ^1° Brandy wine -^f^ Bubach 3(3 Captain Jack 3^6 Chairs 3i6 Cossett 376 Crescent 3j^6 Enhance. 376 Equinox 376 Eureka 3^6 Gandy. . .... 376 Greenville.. ^l^ Haverland 376 H. W. Becher 376 Jas. Vick 376 Jessie 3i6 John Little 376 Leader 3i6 Lovett 376 Mary 3^6 Otsego.. .. 3.G 1001 376 Paris King 376 Parker Earle S^*] Pearl 376 Princess 3j^6 Saunders .'. 3^^'' Seneca Queen 376 Sharpless > 376 Shirts 376 Swindle 376 Tenessee Prolific 376 Thompson's Late 376 Wilson 376 Wm. Belt 376 Warf.eld No. 2 376 Williams 376 Woolverton 376 Water melons 390 Tomatoes, test of varieties of 387 Weather 360 Pagb Fletcher, Dr. J., Entomologist and Bo- tanist— Report of 197 Gilbert, A. G., Poultry Manager — Report of 313 Grisdale, J. H., Agriculturist — Report of.. 263 Horticulturist — Report of the 87 Acknowledgments 90 Apples 91 description of varieties of 93,95 Aikin Red 95 Babbit 95 Raraboo 95 Boiken 95 Downing's Winter Maiden's Blush 95 Duffey's Seedling 95 Early Joe 96 Edgehill 96 Fameuse Sucre 96 Hamilton 96 Horn 96 Jel'feris 96 Kinnaird 96 Milding 97 Missouri Pippin 97 Norman 94 Okabena 97 Palouse 97 Parlin's Beauty 97 Patten's Duchess 98 Patten's Greening 98 Rochelle 97 Rufus 94 Switzer 98 Utter's Red 98 Winter Banana 98 Apples, seadling 93 Apple, orchard, seedling 92 Apple Spot fungus 109 Arboretum 131 Asparagus rust 110 description of 110 treataivnt for Ill Blight and rot of potatoes, results of.. spraying to prevent 119 Botanic Garden. 131 Character of Season. 87 Cherries 102 Corn 123 test of varieties of 124 Donations 90 Forest belts 127 additions to 131 growth of trees in 129 Grapes 102 pruning and training of 103 varieties of, planted in 1900 and 1901 104 Lilacs 132 descriptions of species and varie- ties of 133 Lime mixture, effect of, on oystar-shell bark-louse 109 List of best vegetables for farmers 112 Meetings attended and places visited.. 89 Muskmelons 124 test of varieties of 125 Oyster-shell bark-louse, effect of lime mixture on 109 Pears 98 Pears seedling, description of 98 INDEX 575 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Page Horticulturist— Report of the— Co??. Pease 122 exDeriments for comparison of yi'jlds and .quality of 122 test of varieties of 123 Plums 99 Am.^ricana and Nigra 99 canning Americana and Nigra.. .. 101 drying Americana and Nigra 101 prices obtained for Americana and Nigra 99, 100 seedling 102 Bouncer 102 Caro 102 Don 102 Plum Jelly, recipe for 101 preserves, recipes for 101 Potatoes 113 planting at different dates 118 planting at different depths 117 planting at different distances apart 117 results of spraying to prevent blight and rot of 119 test of varieties of. . . ., lit twelve best yielding varieties of.. 117 Progress of the work 88 Raspberries 104 test of varieties of 104 Seedling apples 93 descriptions of.. ■ 93 Seedling apple orchard 92 plums 102 descriptions of 102 Spraying 109 Strawberries 105 test of varieties of 106 Tobacco 125 test of varieties of 126 Tomatoes 120 six best yielding wrinkled varieties of 122 six earliest varieties of 121 test of varieties of 121 twelve best yi.dding smooth varie- ties of 122 Vegetables, list of best for farmers.. 112 Work, progress of 88 Mackay, A., Superintendent Experimental Farm, Indian Head, N.W.T.— Report of.. 457 Poultry Manager, 1901 — Report of.. .. 313 Artificial incubation, some difBcultios in early 315 farmers' difficulties in hatching. . 316 Breeds, flesh development of certain 323 Breeds, trial of 324 Breeding pens, made up 319 Chickens wanted by purchasing com- panies 326 Pagb Poultry Manager — Report of— Con. Conclusions re Egg-preserving sub- stances 333 Cost of rations 327 Composition of rations 326 Diseases of poultry 330 Different methods of preserviu-? eggs 332 Did early hatched pullets moult ? 328 Eggs laid during year 332 Eggs, preservation of 332 Eggs laid from Dec, 1901, to June 30, 1902 331 Eggs set and chickens hatched 321 Experiments ia different ways of fat- tening chickens 323 Early moulting, how to secure 329 Faverolles, salmon coloured 325 Flesh development of Buff Orpingtons 325 Fattening in crates, limited and un- limited 323 Good laying by 3 Buff Orpington pul- lets 323 Hens— rations for 110.! 327 Incubator-hatched chicks, progress of 322 Lice, how to exterminate 330 Manner of feeding farm rations.. .. 326 Moulting period, shortening the.. .. 329 New breeds on trial 324 Orpingtons, Buff , .. .. 324 Orpingtons and White Wyandottes.. 325 Progress made by chickens fed in crates -. .. 323 Red mil.s, how to get rid of 330 Rations, the Farm 326 Reds, Rhode Island 323 progress of six R. 1 326 Pullets, rations for 1-50 327 Some observations confirmed 315 Stock on hand in December 331 Shutt, F. T., preservation of eggs by 332 Work of last winter, and results.. .. 314 What past experience has taught.. .. 314 Wanted, a three months' old chicken 326 Wyandottes and Orpingtons, flesh de- velopment of 325 Weight development of the chickens 322 Winter eggs, or, broilers ? 314 Weights of three months' old chicks 326 When pullets began to lay 328 Winter laying, commencement of.. .. 329 Robertson, R., Superintendent, Experi- mental Farm, Nappan, N.S. — Report of 335 Saunders, Wm., Director — Report of.. .. 5 Sharpe, Thos. A., Superintendent Experi- mental Farm. Agassiz — Report of.. 513 .. 137 Shutt, F. T., Chemist— Report of. /^ University of Torontc Library Acme Library Card Pocket Undei Fau "Ret. InOs: Flto" Made by LIBRARY BUREAU